The word "computer" before WWII basically meant a clerk computing insurance or ballistic tables at desk with an adding machine and/or pencil. These clerks were almost always female, while their supervisors or officers were men. As the adding machines evolved into vacuum tube behemoths, the female clerks ofter did the wiring, switch settings, punch card or punch tape preparation, and even the coding. So coding developed a "taint" as being female, clerical and not quite white collar.
One consequence was that it was taught first in trade and secretarial schools. I remember faculty debates at MIT in the 1970s whether computers should become an academic department. Some faculty considered it a mundane skill like typing and not worthy of department status. But it kind of snuck into lots of other departments where EE, business, civil engineering and math were teaching courses about computers. It finally achieved department status in 1980, joined with Electrical Engineering.
In some of my first jobs in industry in the 1970s , the programmer was an assistant to the scientist and engineer. Either the programmer wrote everything with their guidance, or the scientist submitted coding sheets to the programmer to be punched, submitted and debugged. I was a novelty as a scientist who did my own typing. The old guard viewed me as either a genius or loser for doing this. Eventually as computer terminals and workstations grew inexpensive and clerical labor more expensive, many scientists and engineers did coding themselves.
If you pretty much just sit at a desk or talk, you are white collar. If you are vigorously using your arms or legs in a factory, etc. you are blue collar. Coding is always white collar by this definition.
Its still unclear how different Neanderthals may have appeared, but probably not that different. They could probably talk, but maybe not as well as cromagnon. They may have appeared more "robust", ie. muscular. Probably both of are races were your typical ape "horndogs" willing to have sex with anything that looked decent at certain times. Most of the apes and modern humans are like this.
Fracking is basically a one one-time event, cracking the rock within a few feet of the well using temporary elevated well pressure.
Secondary recovery injects water, steam or carbon dioxide for months or years of time into the ground to push (and sometimes soften) hydrocarbons out to producer wells.
Fracking crackings generate M-4, M-3 size seismic events, unless it activates some pre-existing fault. The seismic events in Chris paper were M1 to M2, or about five Richter magnitude. These are about 30 million times more energetic (one richeter magnetic equals 30x more energy). Earthquake energy is proportional to area of the fault that moves. Destructive earthquakes have fault breaks miles to 100s of miles wide. Microquakes are just feet.
The ability to detect and map M-3 seismic events is hot area of oil industry research. People want to know how successful their fracking was. The tiny seismic event size makes this difficult.
Injection wells can cause larger quakes. the 2nd largest Colorado quake M6 was an waste injection well at the Rocky Flats plutonium production site in the 1960s. Several medium size quakes M4 in western Colorado have been tied to injecting agricultural irrigation water into wells to keep that salt out of rivers.
I am surprised how many have been funded in the past decade. Many of these approach a billion dollars each. Not only do you include construction costs, but operational costs of at least 10% of its construction cost a year. In the current economic climate, not only are good ideas not being built, but some of the older scopes are being de-funded.
The Sloan Sky Survey has been doing this for a decade, on its 7th(?) round of mapping the whole sky. The Dark Energy Survey just recorded its test images (first light). At the end of the decade the Synoptic survey will map the sky every week recording petabytes a year. Much of this data will be available to public who may have time to look at things the professionals miss. (I probably overlooked a few projects too).
I see maybe two reasons: (1) Slashdot was hybrid moderated and rated. Digg was all rated. That way digg seemed to be just another variation of google news. I always found more interesting stories on slashdot.
(2) Digg sold its soul to the venture capitalist looking for "social media" plays. They lost their techie heart and just became another advertising site.
Every new media technology back to the time of Edison was hyped to revolutionize costly labor-intensive education. (Edison initially promoted phonograph and motion pictures for education rather than entertainment.) Have MOcs turned the corner? Will national austerity budgets force colleges to do more of this?
It was 99% certain that mantle rocks had been brought to surface in ophiolites (obducted seafloor) and kimberlites (explosive vents). you should study these first at a vastly cheaper cost.
50 years later we have much more cost-effective drilling and want to close that 1% uncertainty gap.
Mars rocks are like this too. There about 50 meteor samples that 99% certain to come from Mars because the mineralogy and gas inclusions exactly match what Mars probes measured. But at some point we will want to and be able to retrieve actual samples to close the final uncertainty gap. The cheapest retrieval mission is estimated at about $5B, comprised of three partial missions. And far too expensive for NASA in the current budget climate.
and no more after that. There is a "gray area" of data in science publishing. A scientific paper usually contains a summary of the raw data converted in graphs and figures. The raw data and computer programs for generating the paper and figures should be kept around and perhaps loaded onto tio some public archive for replication. Some research groups (I was in one) already do this. Dead ends, bad data, bad runs should not necessary be published. No one wants to replicate that. And it clogs up the archives.
I dont know if more students cheat now than when I attended grade school in pre-internet days. But the ease and temptation with the web is greater now. Surveys I read suggest at least half of students cheat.
The mystery has been how one progresses from a cheating culture in grade school, then lose it by the time you reach grad school and professorship. Apparently fewer dont escape this culture. Significant science will be attempted to be replicated and fraud discovered.
When I moved from academia to a non-software technical company to a software company, one of the best tools I saw was a database to track reported bugs and requested enhancements. This really matters if the entire team is more than a couple of programmers, i.e testers, help desk, documentation. half of fixing a bug is documenting that it is there and how to repeat it. Multiple software users will probably come across. then they can be prioritized and marked as fixed.
We use some over-ornate database form Oracle-PeopleSoft. I do not know what may be free out there.
Most locations have one or two sources of broadband and cable. A few lucky places may have three or for (two fiber, satellite...). Price increases should be regulated like a utility then. Our power company has to justify increases due to capital projects and pass-through commodity increases/decreases. So should broadband.
For clerks and factory workers who know how to use Office-like turnkey products. And a large fraction of the US population do not have the math skills to set up the equations in a spreadsheet.
They should let experienced people like you 'est out" of this requirement by just taking the final exam.
They have this points test. Speaking both English and French and having citizen relatives is a big winner. You are penalized for being over 50. I think they want to keep American freeloaders out.
They do have a businesman's path like in the US. You either start a business with a certain number of jobs or invest $C800K in a no-interest business bond for five years.
In college maybe 80% of the time was spent writing code and 20% in design, testing, fixing bugs, archiving, documentation and sales. In the real world this ratio is reversed. Especially when you count team members whose main duties are non-coding.
Why bother remembering the letter A represented an ox in some long ago middle eastern language or H was a doorway? They have knew meanings now even though their shapes faintly resemble their original meanings.
Ditto ideographic languages like Chinese and Egyptian. Many ideograms are now fully or partially "sounds like" rebuses.
I've seen models at county fairs. They contain computers, GPS guided pathing, hazard cameras on all sides. I think you can have the computer pretty much design and automate your plowing or harvesting. You are there to prevent unexpected problems.
Slashdot Mirror
The word "computer" before WWII basically meant a clerk computing insurance or ballistic tables at desk with an adding machine and/or pencil. These clerks were almost always female, while their supervisors or officers were men. As the adding machines evolved into vacuum tube behemoths, the female clerks ofter did the wiring, switch settings, punch card or punch tape preparation, and even the coding. So coding developed a "taint" as being female, clerical and not quite white collar.
One consequence was that it was taught first in trade and secretarial schools. I remember faculty debates at MIT in the 1970s whether computers should become an academic department. Some faculty considered it a mundane skill like typing and not worthy of department status. But it kind of snuck into lots of other departments where EE, business, civil engineering and math were teaching courses about computers. It finally achieved department status in 1980, joined with Electrical Engineering.
In some of my first jobs in industry in the 1970s , the programmer was an assistant to the scientist and engineer. Either the programmer wrote everything with their guidance, or the scientist submitted coding sheets to the programmer to be punched, submitted and debugged. I was a novelty as a scientist who did my own typing. The old guard viewed me as either a genius or loser for doing this. Eventually as computer terminals and workstations grew inexpensive and clerical labor more expensive, many scientists and engineers did coding themselves.
If you pretty much just sit at a desk or talk, you are white collar. If you are vigorously using your arms or legs in a factory, etc. you are blue collar. Coding is always white collar by this definition.
we'er sorry
Its still unclear how different Neanderthals may have appeared, but probably not that different. They could probably talk, but maybe not as well as cromagnon. They may have appeared more "robust", ie. muscular. Probably both of are races were your typical ape "horndogs" willing to have sex with anything that looked decent at certain times. Most of the apes and modern humans are like this.
At most, one month a year is worth this deviousness.
Fracking is basically a one one-time event, cracking the rock within a few feet of the well using temporary elevated well pressure.
Secondary recovery injects water, steam or carbon dioxide for months or years of time into the ground to push (and sometimes soften) hydrocarbons out to producer wells.
Fracking crackings generate M-4, M-3 size seismic events, unless it activates some pre-existing fault. The seismic events in Chris paper were M1 to M2, or about five Richter magnitude. These are about 30 million times more energetic (one richeter magnetic equals 30x more energy). Earthquake energy is proportional to area of the fault that moves. Destructive earthquakes have fault breaks miles to 100s of miles wide. Microquakes are just feet.
The ability to detect and map M-3 seismic events is hot area of oil industry research. People want to know how successful their fracking was. The tiny seismic event size makes this difficult.
Injection wells can cause larger quakes. the 2nd largest Colorado quake M6 was an waste injection well at the Rocky Flats plutonium production site in the 1960s. Several medium size quakes M4 in western Colorado have been tied to injecting agricultural irrigation water into wells to keep that salt out of rivers.
I am surprised how many have been funded in the past decade. Many of these approach a billion dollars each. Not only do you include construction costs, but operational costs of at least 10% of its construction cost a year. In the current economic climate, not only are good ideas not being built, but some of the older scopes are being de-funded.
The Sloan Sky Survey has been doing this for a decade, on its 7th(?) round of mapping the whole sky. The Dark Energy Survey just recorded its test images (first light). At the end of the decade the Synoptic survey will map the sky every week recording petabytes a year. Much of this data will be available to public who may have time to look at things the professionals miss. (I probably overlooked a few projects too).
I see maybe two reasons: (1) Slashdot was hybrid moderated and rated. Digg was all rated. That way digg seemed to be just another variation of google news. I always found more interesting stories on slashdot.
(2) Digg sold its soul to the venture capitalist looking for "social media" plays. They lost their techie heart and just became another advertising site.
Every new media technology back to the time of Edison was hyped to revolutionize costly labor-intensive education. (Edison initially promoted phonograph and motion pictures for education rather than entertainment.) Have MOcs turned the corner? Will national austerity budgets force colleges to do more of this?
Their iPads and iPhones together outsell every other brand of computer. Apple uses its custom A4/5/6 brand of chips for this.
Even if Intel still beats Apple, it is not growing as fast as Apple. Intels anemic Atomic chips arent that great.
I never write Intel off. Like Apple both have immensely clever hardware engineers.
It was 99% certain that mantle rocks had been brought to surface in ophiolites (obducted seafloor) and kimberlites (explosive vents). you should study these first at a vastly cheaper cost.
50 years later we have much more cost-effective drilling and want to close that 1% uncertainty gap.
Mars rocks are like this too. There about 50 meteor samples that 99% certain to come from Mars because the mineralogy and gas inclusions exactly match what Mars probes measured. But at some point we will want to and be able to retrieve actual samples to close the final uncertainty gap. The cheapest retrieval mission is estimated at about $5B, comprised of three partial missions. And far too expensive for NASA in the current budget climate.
and no more after that. There is a "gray area" of data in science publishing. A scientific paper usually contains a summary of the raw data converted in graphs and figures. The raw data and computer programs for generating the paper and figures should be kept around and perhaps loaded onto tio some public archive for replication. Some research groups (I was in one) already do this. Dead ends, bad data, bad runs should not necessary be published. No one wants to replicate that. And it clogs up the archives.
I dont know if more students cheat now than when I attended grade school in pre-internet days. But the ease and temptation with the web is greater now. Surveys I read suggest at least half of students cheat.
The mystery has been how one progresses from a cheating culture in grade school, then lose it by the time you reach grad school and professorship. Apparently fewer dont escape this culture. Significant science will be attempted to be replicated and fraud discovered.
When I moved from academia to a non-software technical company to a software company, one of the best tools I saw was a database to track reported bugs and requested enhancements. This really matters if the entire team is more than a couple of programmers, i.e testers, help desk, documentation. half of fixing a bug is documenting that it is there and how to repeat it. Multiple software users will probably come across. then they can be prioritized and marked as fixed.
We use some over-ornate database form Oracle-PeopleSoft. I do not know what may be free out there.
Most locations have one or two sources of broadband and cable. A few lucky places may have three or for (two fiber, satellite ...). Price increases should be regulated like a utility then. Our power company has to justify increases due to capital projects and pass-through commodity increases/decreases. So should broadband.
humbled by the profoundity of the universe
For clerks and factory workers who know how to use Office-like turnkey products. And a large fraction of the US population do not have the math skills to set up the equations in a spreadsheet.
They should let experienced people like you 'est out" of this requirement by just taking the final exam.
They have this points test. Speaking both English and French and having citizen relatives is a big winner. You are penalized for being over 50. I think they want to keep American freeloaders out.
They do have a businesman's path like in the US. You either start a business with a certain number of jobs or invest $C800K in a no-interest business bond for five years.
In rural areas Walmart is all there is. (2) Spur of moment last minute gift. Amazon ships fast, but not that fast.
In college maybe 80% of the time was spent writing code and 20% in design, testing, fixing bugs, archiving, documentation and sales. In the real world this ratio is reversed. Especially when you count team members whose main duties are non-coding.
For either their research or products? Kind of obvious how their "software hiring" is working then.
Why bother remembering the letter A represented an ox in some long ago middle eastern language or H was a doorway? They have knew meanings now even though their shapes faintly resemble their original meanings.
Ditto ideographic languages like Chinese and Egyptian. Many ideograms are now fully or partially "sounds like" rebuses.
Often imported from Japan. Kind of salty like chips.
I've seen models at county fairs. They contain computers, GPS guided pathing, hazard cameras on all sides. I think you can have the computer pretty much design and automate your plowing or harvesting. You are there to prevent unexpected problems.