You have to make a few choices, mainly on layers one and two of the OSI model.
Layer One: Copper or Fiber
This isn't so much up to you as it is up to your phone company in basically all instances. The first T1 we had installed in our building was copper. It required very little equipment. After the copper T1 was up and running, Verizon said they planned on switching us to fiber and put fiber in the building. They haven't changed that first T1. However, we just got two new T1s installed and they're fiber. But, the fiber required a whole wall full of equipment. More points of failure in the end I guess.
Layer 2: Frame Relay, ATM, Ethernet, HDLC
Frame Relay is pretty ubiquitous for T1s and what not. However, ATM is pretty popular and the phone companies like to sell it. Phone companies tend to like building your WAN by plugging your different locations into one ATM switch and then giving you bandwidth that way. Ethernet is being used by companies like Cogent who just give you an easy Gigabit Ethernet handoff to plugin to your hardware. Pretty simple. I really don't know how many people use HDLC for their WANs, but it is the default layer 2 protocol for Cisco routers.
The bottom line is get multiple links from different providers and run BGP if you can. BGP allows you to advertise all your links as different ways to get to your site. You need a fairly large block of IPs to do it, but it's neat if you can. I'd go for the big providers: Genuity, Sprint, AT&T, Level 3, Cable & Wireless, UU Net, etc. And make sure you get competent personnel to set it all up.
In fact, hubs are so simple that they're purely electrical and have no intelligence whatsoever. A simple repeater could be built with a simple hex inverter doing two inversions per direction.
Technically, hubs are faster than switches for N endpoints when N = 2. The reason is hubs do not have to look at the frame being sent and either store-and-forward or cut-through like a switch does. Your total possible collision locations on a hub is N * (N - 1) / 2 (Gauss' formula for sum of 1 to N, coincidentally), where once again N is the number of endpoints. In a switch, your collision domain always has two endpoints, therefore your total possible collisions is 1, thus you get increased speed.
It's interesting to see that Utah's governor is spearheading this effort somewhat. Whenever a governor starts talking about something like this, everyone should stop listening. He has no business talking about internet tax. Only congress has the power to regulate interstate commerce (Gibbons v. Ogden 1824). People need to realize their place in the hierarchy and stop trying to step out of their bounds.
Well, if all you think of when you think of security is the Internet, then sure you're fine. But, let's say each of your votes is pushed into a vote stack or enqueued to a queue, then you press "Vote" and it registers them one by one. What happens if somehow you can overload the stack, for instance, and cause all sorts of problems? There can be problems like these. Sure, my example might be oversimplified, but things do happen that you don't think of.
Uhhhh. Results from google on "infragreen": 43. Results from google on "infrared": about 1,670,000. Results from google on "infrared" AND "infragreen": 5. You have made something up or are very confused. Infrared refers to energy given off by people at long wavelengths (read: body heat). Infragreen seems to only exist in video games and in the names of Windows virii.
Most speakers (read: every consumer device) cannot output all the way up to 20,000 Hz. Now, I can hear beyond 20,000 Hz. How is it that I won't be able to hear these sounds that *must* be below 20,000 Hz? Are they raising the noise floor and putting the information in there? Seems broken to me.
I'm still in high school, but last year I got a letter from Stanford inviting me to join in their Education Program for Gifted Youth as I was already accepted even before applying (they basically asked me because I got a 5 on the AP Computer Science exam, whoopde doo). It seems like a nice program. I didn't enroll because my school offers a lot of AP programs as it is, and that's basically what the school is for. There's Physics courses, Calculus courses, etc. all geared towards the AP exams.
Moral, HAH. I think there's only one quote appropriate in this instance: "Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition." Please, spare us from your Catholic goody-goodyness. Christendom has committed more atrocities as a whole than any other group of people.
While I am not a Microsoft person in my own life, my primary place of employment (I'm a student and I contract myself out) is a Microsoft Certified Partner. I've been there a few years and it's a small place, less than a dozen employees. However, one of the applications we develop uses DCOM extensively and requires proper timing (police dispatching) when carrying out transactions. Turns out, there was a DCOM bug that caused some timing problems back in NT 4.0. Our lead programmer tracked it down and told Microsoft what the problem was. We got a letter of extreme gratitude from Microsoft and NT 4.0 Service Pack 6a was released right after they were informed of the problem. It fixed the issue. Once again, I'm not a big fan of Microsoft, but I was very impressed by their response to us.
I did a network install of OpenBSD recently on a 486 in an hour or so. I suppose it's because all the hardware is old and thus there's drivers built in for it all. People's biggest hangup with OpenBSD (BSD as a whole for that matter) tends to be the partitioning. It took a little time to get it when I first installed it, a good three years ago.
On a hacked apart and back-together-again Dell at school, we got it to come up with 634% complete in the Scandisk progress bar. Funny thing is, the progress bar went off of the screen. Luckily, we got a photo of the thing (as we obviously couldn't take a DOS screenshot, let alone a frozen DOS screenshot).
From: sved@big_alien_ship.galaxy_9875446.spa.ce To: jimbob1@setimail.ssl.berkeley.edu Subject: Woe Now!
Jim Bob,
Hey Jim, how's it going? Just wanted to ask a bit of a favor. It seems you earth folk are getting close to finally finding our message, but we haven't really got everything quite ready for the grand unveiling. If you could stall the SETI@Home project for a little while... that'd be great. In the mean time, we're gonna go back to making something almost, but not quite, entirely unlike tea for the party.
2. agreed (not sure what the original author was thinking)
3. I'm lucky enough to have a dedicated 30 amp circuit with a quad outlet in my computer room just because I'm a nut and don't want my stuff shutting off due to silly things like too much load.;)
Minor point: you don't scatter light. You reflect and absorb parts of the spectrum. If you scattered light you'd look blue to some people and redish orange to others;)
I do things the way I do to be understood, not to be right. I generally don't use punctuation after the quotes unless there is a good chance I'll be misunderstood. When writing code in a narrative, there's a HUGE change I'll be misunderstood. 2600 had the same reason as far as code. When you put the punctuation inside the quotes you sometimes can't distinguish between a statement that includes a punctuation mark (period, comma, semi-colon) and a statement that has no mark afterwords. Such is the case when writing code interspersed with English.
Obviously the rules for programming and natural languages are different. I used the example to illustrate a point. If a punctuation mark is not a logical part of the group of words in quotes, then it should not be in those quotes. It's that simple. I'm not arguing grammar here. I know grammatically it's wrong (and I'd like to scream at whoever decided on the grammar, because they were a bunch of idiots). I'm aruging what is logical and by extension right and correct.
Slashdot Mirror
You have to make a few choices, mainly on layers one and two of the OSI model.
Layer One: Copper or Fiber
This isn't so much up to you as it is up to your phone company in basically all instances. The first T1 we had installed in our building was copper. It required very little equipment. After the copper T1 was up and running, Verizon said they planned on switching us to fiber and put fiber in the building. They haven't changed that first T1. However, we just got two new T1s installed and they're fiber. But, the fiber required a whole wall full of equipment. More points of failure in the end I guess.
Layer 2: Frame Relay, ATM, Ethernet, HDLC
Frame Relay is pretty ubiquitous for T1s and what not. However, ATM is pretty popular and the phone companies like to sell it. Phone companies tend to like building your WAN by plugging your different locations into one ATM switch and then giving you bandwidth that way. Ethernet is being used by companies like Cogent who just give you an easy Gigabit Ethernet handoff to plugin to your hardware. Pretty simple. I really don't know how many people use HDLC for their WANs, but it is the default layer 2 protocol for Cisco routers.
The bottom line is get multiple links from different providers and run BGP if you can. BGP allows you to advertise all your links as different ways to get to your site. You need a fairly large block of IPs to do it, but it's neat if you can. I'd go for the big providers: Genuity, Sprint, AT&T, Level 3, Cable & Wireless, UU Net, etc. And make sure you get competent personnel to set it all up.
Covered your ceiling with tons of lights? Who are you, the Invisible Man? Good book.
Yea, I'm underage and in the US and brewing beer. Homebrew is best. Parents seem to enjoy it too.
To an extent, you do in the United States. The FBI warning tells you what you can and cannot do regarding copying.
In fact, hubs are so simple that they're purely electrical and have no intelligence whatsoever. A simple repeater could be built with a simple hex inverter doing two inversions per direction.
Technically, hubs are faster than switches for N endpoints when N = 2. The reason is hubs do not have to look at the frame being sent and either store-and-forward or cut-through like a switch does. Your total possible collision locations on a hub is N * (N - 1) / 2 (Gauss' formula for sum of 1 to N, coincidentally), where once again N is the number of endpoints. In a switch, your collision domain always has two endpoints, therefore your total possible collisions is 1, thus you get increased speed.
Erm, since when does Apache need a 200 MHz processor? I've run it on a 486 with no problem. It'll probably run on a 386 with no problem either.
It's interesting to see that Utah's governor is spearheading this effort somewhat. Whenever a governor starts talking about something like this, everyone should stop listening. He has no business talking about internet tax. Only congress has the power to regulate interstate commerce (Gibbons v. Ogden 1824). People need to realize their place in the hierarchy and stop trying to step out of their bounds.
Well, if all you think of when you think of security is the Internet, then sure you're fine. But, let's say each of your votes is pushed into a vote stack or enqueued to a queue, then you press "Vote" and it registers them one by one. What happens if somehow you can overload the stack, for instance, and cause all sorts of problems? There can be problems like these. Sure, my example might be oversimplified, but things do happen that you don't think of.
Uhhhh. Results from google on "infragreen": 43. Results from google on "infrared": about 1,670,000. Results from google on "infrared" AND "infragreen": 5. You have made something up or are very confused. Infrared refers to energy given off by people at long wavelengths (read: body heat). Infragreen seems to only exist in video games and in the names of Windows virii.
Most speakers (read: every consumer device) cannot output all the way up to 20,000 Hz. Now, I can hear beyond 20,000 Hz. How is it that I won't be able to hear these sounds that *must* be below 20,000 Hz? Are they raising the noise floor and putting the information in there? Seems broken to me.
I'm still in high school, but last year I got a letter from Stanford inviting me to join in their Education Program for Gifted Youth as I was already accepted even before applying (they basically asked me because I got a 5 on the AP Computer Science exam, whoopde doo). It seems like a nice program. I didn't enroll because my school offers a lot of AP programs as it is, and that's basically what the school is for. There's Physics courses, Calculus courses, etc. all geared towards the AP exams.
Moral, HAH. I think there's only one quote appropriate in this instance: "Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition. " Please, spare us from your Catholic goody-goodyness. Christendom has committed more atrocities as a whole than any other group of people.
While I am not a Microsoft person in my own life, my primary place of employment (I'm a student and I contract myself out) is a Microsoft Certified Partner. I've been there a few years and it's a small place, less than a dozen employees. However, one of the applications we develop uses DCOM extensively and requires proper timing (police dispatching) when carrying out transactions. Turns out, there was a DCOM bug that caused some timing problems back in NT 4.0. Our lead programmer tracked it down and told Microsoft what the problem was. We got a letter of extreme gratitude from Microsoft and NT 4.0 Service Pack 6a was released right after they were informed of the problem. It fixed the issue. Once again, I'm not a big fan of Microsoft, but I was very impressed by their response to us.
You'll learn eventually. Power supplies often blow out other components when they go. All it takes is a nice surge and you destroy things.
I did a network install of OpenBSD recently on a 486 in an hour or so. I suppose it's because all the hardware is old and thus there's drivers built in for it all. People's biggest hangup with OpenBSD (BSD as a whole for that matter) tends to be the partitioning. It took a little time to get it when I first installed it, a good three years ago.
On a hacked apart and back-together-again Dell at school, we got it to come up with 634% complete in the Scandisk progress bar. Funny thing is, the progress bar went off of the screen. Luckily, we got a photo of the thing (as we obviously couldn't take a DOS screenshot, let alone a frozen DOS screenshot).
Funny, I've been alive for 17 years and gas prices have steadily risen for the past 17 years.
From: sved@big_alien_ship.galaxy_9875446.spa.ce
To: jimbob1@setimail.ssl.berkeley.edu
Subject: Woe Now!
Jim Bob,
Hey Jim, how's it going? Just wanted to ask a bit of a favor. It seems you earth folk are getting close to finally finding our message, but we haven't really got everything quite ready for the grand unveiling. If you could stall the SETI@Home project for a little while... that'd be great. In the mean time, we're gonna go back to making something almost, but not quite, entirely unlike tea for the party.
Toodles,
Sved
1. agreed
;)
2. agreed (not sure what the original author was thinking)
3. I'm lucky enough to have a dedicated 30 amp circuit with a quad outlet in my computer room just because I'm a nut and don't want my stuff shutting off due to silly things like too much load.
And considering how backwards we've been lately, water will probably be outlawed as it can be used to create explosions. Gasp!
Makes sense as Ethernet uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detect.
Minor point: you don't scatter light. You reflect and absorb parts of the spectrum. If you scattered light you'd look blue to some people and redish orange to others ;)
1 - 4 as a group is a "must have." They're all conditional on each other, so there really is no order to them. You can't have one without the other.
Obviously the rules for programming and natural languages are different. I used the example to illustrate a point. If a punctuation mark is not a logical part of the group of words in quotes, then it should not be in those quotes. It's that simple. I'm not arguing grammar here. I know grammatically it's wrong (and I'd like to scream at whoever decided on the grammar, because they were a bunch of idiots). I'm aruging what is logical and by extension right and correct.