While it's hard to say where any idea truly began, the GP is correct that members of the clergy did make large contributions to those fields:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...ître
Both articles state that these men are largely accepted as the fathers of these theories.
I'm not religious, quite the opposite. However, facts are facts and we must give credit where credit is due. I wonder if some of these men would be into religion if they lived in modern times. It seems to me that back in the day the church was a great place for someone into science to get "funded" to do some research. For the cost of performing a few silly rituals, you get room and board with a life of brewing beer and having time to do some research. Just be careful about where and when you publish the results. I'd say sign me up, except for the one other cost - no time with the ladies. That's kind of a deal-breaker.
Okay, so it probably wasn't all that great anyway, I'm probably visualizing something from 'Anathem' when it was more like Python's 'Holy Grail'.
Just curious, I'm an engineer at AMD, albeit on the CPU cores/cache memory side. I work on the transistors, so I can't really comment on our GPU drivers (although I work with the GPU team from time to time as there is some commonality between CPU cache memory design and GPU shader memories, so I can vouch for the hardware being excellent, at least the SRAM). I use the AMD binary drivers under linux and they're rock solid. I wonder if the issues are specific to DirectX?
Too bad the article is lacking on the technical details. This is about energy efficiency, not GHz. They have hit 4GHz and higher with a traditional clock mesh. The point here is that they hit 4GHz with a resonant clock mesh. What this means is that instead of charging and discharging the huge capacitor that is the clock grid every cycle using only FETs connected to VDD and VSS (traditional digital logic), there is an LC tank circuit that is resonating with the clock grid. The power rails still do some of the charging and discharging of the grid, but now some of the energy comes from the oscillator. I have seen the paper, the distributed LC tank is pretty cool. The technical achievement is that they got this to run at 4GHz while keeping the skew between clock grid points as low as a traditional mesh (had the skew increased, the max frequency of the processor would go down). They claim reduced clock power of 25%. Given that clock power is roughly half the power of a core, that's a 12% power reduction overall, pretty impressive. It's also really cool that the whole thing is on-die - they made the inductors out of back-end wires on the CPU die itself, no additional components on the package so no increased cost.
I would also add "The Art of UNIX Programming" to that list. This book isn't just about programming in UNIX. It is more about the philosophy behind UNIX, which in turn describes properties of any sustainable software system.
Amd has been able to do this for quite a while as well. It was first featured in the Phenom quad core, which came out in 2007, so design work started much earlier.
Exactly. This is why the "application" is a bad idea. I understand the goal of moving "heavy lifting" to the cloud and having "thin" clients. However, it appears that the "thin" client envisioned here is a machine that parses and interprets lots and lots of text. It's so inefficient and wasteful. As a hardware designer, we keep making mobile devices more powerful and energy efficient all so lazy programmers can throw steaming piles of crap onto the devices. It's a hack on top of a hack on top of a hack. Some sort of binary protocol where minimal bytes are passed between server and client is needed here.
What is the largest consumer of power in a mobile device? The screen. If you need less power to get the same brightness, that's better battery life and I'll take it along with the other aforementioned benefits such as color reproduction and specular reflection vs diffuse to allow viewing in the outdoors.
You are free to do that. Some, such as corporate customers or those just concerned about security, may want the original binaries as compiled by the company that is selling them. As snowgirl pointed out, you are not free to take those binaries and redistribute them at will.
I like this. This is the type of open source business model that I think a lot of people have been looking for. We want our software to be open. We also want to feed ourselves and our families.
I am very impressed with your 21 inch speed boat. Do you have a tow bar set up for some hard core wakeboarding?
Sorry for being pedantic, couldn't resist. Side note, I'd prefer the lady who would want to work on said hot car rather than ride in it or play video games.
Making a copy of digital information is either lossless or the copy is in error. The making of an analog copy is lossy due to any or all of thermal, electrical, and mechanical noise. The analog copy is also lossy due to bandwidth limits and nonlinearities of the components of the analog system.
Improperly designed hardware really can catch fire. Maybe all the computers in Hollywood have pentium 4 CPUs and Tesla GPUs with a few Sony Li ion batteries thrown in to give it that extra spark.
Once you get an iPod/iPhone/iMac/mac mini "open" it is actually very easy to service the parts. The smaller devices use little ZIF ribbons that make it fairly easy, the computers use interfaces that are also easy to figure out even if you've never serviced your own computer. Had apple not made it hard to open these devices there would be a lot more people buying replacement parts to fix these devices rather than shelling out for new ones. Apple could have easily kept the same form factors and made these devices user serviceable, it just means there are a couple screws on those shiny back plates.
If you're going to do anything in the way of signal processing you will need much more advanced math skills. You're going to need to know calculus, fourier transforms, laplace transforms along with their discrete versions (dft, fft, z). These are extremely useful, powerful mathematical techniques for analyzing data. The mathematics behind them are amazing and elegant. Examples of their use include the enabling of the 'digital' content age through video and audio compression. That's just one example, they can be used to analyze any data stream. It is amazing using DSP to find data in a sea of noise.
TDP is thermal design power. It is the number that CPU vendors give to system builders to let them know the max power consumption of the processor so that thermal solutions can be properly designed. If the CPU goes beyond the TDP the system will power off unless there is lots of headroom in the thermal solution.
Having worked on these processors at the circuit level(*) I can tell you that your '100W over TDP' number is rubbish.
If you'd like to know more about what happens when chip vendors fudge on this "invalid metric" search for "nvidia bumpgate". If our chips were running at 100W over spec'd TDP we'd have a lot of very unhappy customers.
* yes, I'm an engineer at AMD and I designed major components on the parts discussed ITFA. I did my time at Intel as well.
There's one truly Killer App that's not on there - Mac OS X. The low-level APIs use OpenGL for hardware acceleration on supported GPUs (pretty much any discrete GPU in a late model Mac).
AMD's chips are on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, which comes with less parasitic source/drain cap and no junction leakage. Switching less cap means you switch faster. No junction leakage means your part uses less power when it's idle. High-k will be coming soon enough for AMD, the 45nm tech is competing pretty well w/o it at the moment.
AMD uses an exclusive cache architecture, Intel's is inclusive. Exclusive means that a given line exists in only one cache at a given time. Inclusive means that if a line is in one cache, it's in all of them. For an AMD chip add up all the caches on the die to get total cache size. For 45nm quad-core products that's 8.25MB. For an Intel chip take the size of the last level cache, that's your effective total cache. For Nehalem that's 8MB.
You are correct about issuing and higher IPC coming with Bulldozer.
Sorry, but that's incorrect. Photons do not interact with fields inside atoms, they interact with electrons and protons. That is how lenses, photosynthesis, photodiodes, etc works. Photons are messenger particles of the electromagnetic force. Protons and electrons are the "receivers". Photons do not interact with each other except, as integer spin particles (bosons) they can occupy the same quantum state. This allows for the superposition of two photons to increase, decrease, or cancel out the amplitude of an electromagnetic field at a point in space.
Slashdot Mirror
While it's hard to say where any idea truly began, the GP is correct that members of the clergy did make large contributions to those fields: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...ître Both articles state that these men are largely accepted as the fathers of these theories. I'm not religious, quite the opposite. However, facts are facts and we must give credit where credit is due. I wonder if some of these men would be into religion if they lived in modern times. It seems to me that back in the day the church was a great place for someone into science to get "funded" to do some research. For the cost of performing a few silly rituals, you get room and board with a life of brewing beer and having time to do some research. Just be careful about where and when you publish the results. I'd say sign me up, except for the one other cost - no time with the ladies. That's kind of a deal-breaker. Okay, so it probably wasn't all that great anyway, I'm probably visualizing something from 'Anathem' when it was more like Python's 'Holy Grail'.
Just curious, I'm an engineer at AMD, albeit on the CPU cores/cache memory side. I work on the transistors, so I can't really comment on our GPU drivers (although I work with the GPU team from time to time as there is some commonality between CPU cache memory design and GPU shader memories, so I can vouch for the hardware being excellent, at least the SRAM). I use the AMD binary drivers under linux and they're rock solid. I wonder if the issues are specific to DirectX?
The Trinity GPU is based on proven Radeon cores, why do you expect it to be buggy? Please explain.
Too bad the article is lacking on the technical details. This is about energy efficiency, not GHz. They have hit 4GHz and higher with a traditional clock mesh. The point here is that they hit 4GHz with a resonant clock mesh. What this means is that instead of charging and discharging the huge capacitor that is the clock grid every cycle using only FETs connected to VDD and VSS (traditional digital logic), there is an LC tank circuit that is resonating with the clock grid. The power rails still do some of the charging and discharging of the grid, but now some of the energy comes from the oscillator. I have seen the paper, the distributed LC tank is pretty cool. The technical achievement is that they got this to run at 4GHz while keeping the skew between clock grid points as low as a traditional mesh (had the skew increased, the max frequency of the processor would go down). They claim reduced clock power of 25%. Given that clock power is roughly half the power of a core, that's a 12% power reduction overall, pretty impressive. It's also really cool that the whole thing is on-die - they made the inductors out of back-end wires on the CPU die itself, no additional components on the package so no increased cost.
I would also add "The Art of UNIX Programming" to that list. This book isn't just about programming in UNIX. It is more about the philosophy behind UNIX, which in turn describes properties of any sustainable software system.
It can be found online here: http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/
One of my favorite parts is on transparency and discoverability: http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ch06s02.html
What about the hot spot in southwest Colorado over La Garita? F@#%!!!
Amd has been able to do this for quite a while as well. It was first featured in the Phenom quad core, which came out in 2007, so design work started much earlier.
Supposed to say HTML "application".
Exactly. This is why the "application" is a bad idea. I understand the goal of moving "heavy lifting" to the cloud and having "thin" clients. However, it appears that the "thin" client envisioned here is a machine that parses and interprets lots and lots of text. It's so inefficient and wasteful. As a hardware designer, we keep making mobile devices more powerful and energy efficient all so lazy programmers can throw steaming piles of crap onto the devices. It's a hack on top of a hack on top of a hack. Some sort of binary protocol where minimal bytes are passed between server and client is needed here.
Dan Brown, is that you?
What is the largest consumer of power in a mobile device? The screen. If you need less power to get the same brightness, that's better battery life and I'll take it along with the other aforementioned benefits such as color reproduction and specular reflection vs diffuse to allow viewing in the outdoors.
Compare MBP to HP Envy.
You are free to do that. Some, such as corporate customers or those just concerned about security, may want the original binaries as compiled by the company that is selling them. As snowgirl pointed out, you are not free to take those binaries and redistribute them at will.
I like this. This is the type of open source business model that I think a lot of people have been looking for. We want our software to be open. We also want to feed ourselves and our families.
Nah, the Big Crunch is going to make things hotter than hell ever was.
I am very impressed with your 21 inch speed boat. Do you have a tow bar set up for some hard core wakeboarding? Sorry for being pedantic, couldn't resist. Side note, I'd prefer the lady who would want to work on said hot car rather than ride in it or play video games.
Is that a mac I see i the background?
Making a copy of digital information is either lossless or the copy is in error. The making of an analog copy is lossy due to any or all of thermal, electrical, and mechanical noise. The analog copy is also lossy due to bandwidth limits and nonlinearities of the components of the analog system.
Improperly designed hardware really can catch fire. Maybe all the computers in Hollywood have pentium 4 CPUs and Tesla GPUs with a few Sony Li ion batteries thrown in to give it that extra spark.
Once you get an iPod/iPhone/iMac/mac mini "open" it is actually very easy to service the parts. The smaller devices use little ZIF ribbons that make it fairly easy, the computers use interfaces that are also easy to figure out even if you've never serviced your own computer. Had apple not made it hard to open these devices there would be a lot more people buying replacement parts to fix these devices rather than shelling out for new ones. Apple could have easily kept the same form factors and made these devices user serviceable, it just means there are a couple screws on those shiny back plates.
If you're going to do anything in the way of signal processing you will need much more advanced math skills. You're going to need to know calculus, fourier transforms, laplace transforms along with their discrete versions (dft, fft, z). These are extremely useful, powerful mathematical techniques for analyzing data. The mathematics behind them are amazing and elegant. Examples of their use include the enabling of the 'digital' content age through video and audio compression. That's just one example, they can be used to analyze any data stream. It is amazing using DSP to find data in a sea of noise.
TDP is thermal design power. It is the number that CPU vendors give to system builders to let them know the max power consumption of the processor so that thermal solutions can be properly designed. If the CPU goes beyond the TDP the system will power off unless there is lots of headroom in the thermal solution.
Having worked on these processors at the circuit level(*) I can tell you that your '100W over TDP' number is rubbish.
If you'd like to know more about what happens when chip vendors fudge on this "invalid metric" search for "nvidia bumpgate". If our chips were running at 100W over spec'd TDP we'd have a lot of very unhappy customers.
* yes, I'm an engineer at AMD and I designed major components on the parts discussed ITFA. I did my time at Intel as well.
There's one truly Killer App that's not on there - Mac OS X. The low-level APIs use OpenGL for hardware acceleration on supported GPUs (pretty much any discrete GPU in a late model Mac).
http://developer.apple.com/macosx/architecture/index.html
http://developer.apple.com/graphicsimaging/opengl/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_Image
AMD's chips are on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, which comes with less parasitic source/drain cap and no junction leakage. Switching less cap means you switch faster. No junction leakage means your part uses less power when it's idle. High-k will be coming soon enough for AMD, the 45nm tech is competing pretty well w/o it at the moment.
AMD uses an exclusive cache architecture, Intel's is inclusive. Exclusive means that a given line exists in only one cache at a given time. Inclusive means that if a line is in one cache, it's in all of them. For an AMD chip add up all the caches on the die to get total cache size. For 45nm quad-core products that's 8.25MB. For an Intel chip take the size of the last level cache, that's your effective total cache. For Nehalem that's 8MB.
You are correct about issuing and higher IPC coming with Bulldozer.
Sorry, but that's incorrect. Photons do not interact with fields inside atoms, they interact with electrons and protons. That is how lenses, photosynthesis, photodiodes, etc works. Photons are messenger particles of the electromagnetic force. Protons and electrons are the "receivers". Photons do not interact with each other except, as integer spin particles (bosons) they can occupy the same quantum state. This allows for the superposition of two photons to increase, decrease, or cancel out the amplitude of an electromagnetic field at a point in space.
Actually, I just gave an explanation of how phased array radar works. Read up on interference.