It isn't really that * ignores special characters, it's that special characters loose their meaning once * is expanded into individual file names.
Using * causes BASH to search the file-system for whatever pattern (glob) the user specified. Every match that is found is returned, and treated as a separate field. No further command substitution takes place with globs. If no pattern is found, BASH returns the literal glob (for example, *.)
This is the reason that globs seem inconsistent with SCP. If you specify a common glob, BASH will match files on your local system, and substitute them on the command line. This can cause unexpected results.
However, if the glob doesn't match anything locally, it will be passed literally to the remote host, where it will again be expanded, causing the desired behavior.
E.g.
scp user@remote:~/*./ # may not always work as expected.
scp user@remote:'~/*'./ # Will always work as expected.
scp user@remote:/path/to/some/uncommon/directory/*./ # Will probably work as expected
That makes sense. For instance, while there are plenty of aftermarket cast and forged rims, I don't recall seeing any billet machined rims on the market.
Nobody machines consumer products out of solid blocks of metal except as a demo, of course. It takes hours to machine something that can be made in seconds by stamping or molding. Machine tools are used mostly to make stamping and molding dies, and one-off parts. Also, even in modest volumes, you don't start with plain blocks of metal. You cast or forge a blank and machine off the excess.
That's not entirely correct. Machined parts are actually relatively common in the motorcycling industry for a number of reasons.
- Often the part is a one off, or small batch product as you mentioned.
- Billet parts are in demand for their perceived beauty, or value.
- Often, machined parts are used for their high strength to weight ratio.
Some of the following machined products are widely available in the industry:
Engine covers are an especially interesting case. Most modern cast aluminum covers are very lightweight and thin. In the event of a crash, they often wear through, leaking oil (on an active race-track,) permitting dirt into the engine, and rendering the vehicle inoperative.
Many race organizations now require aftermarket covers on many bikes.
A lot of silly products, such as reservoir caps are also available as CNC machined parts.
You received $550 a week because you were a skilled worker capable of earning more than that. Your brother, earning $15 an hour driving a truck would not earn as much on unemployment.
Yes, I'm sure a few people take advantage of unemployment insurance. But I've never met them.
Remember that debt has value, just like cash has value. There are situations where debt may be transferred between agencies (collections is an obvious example,) permitting other entities to collect on the debt.
Personally, I'm not sure I'd want the government tracking me down to collect. Based on the stories I've heard, they seem to be pretty good at it (See IRS.)
A 2 stroke looks dirty compared to a four stroke if you compare the various amounts of controlled gases in a sample but they are often allot better in absolute terms; because they can do more work per unit of displacement and revolution.
That's only true because they have one ignition event per revolution per cylinder. When you burn gas every revolution rather than every other revolution, you're going to perform more work per unit of displacement, per revolution yes.
But you aren't necessarily going to perform more work per volume of fuel consumed, or more work per volume of pollutants released.
The common 2 stroke engine blows a lot of gasoline (unburned hydrocarbons) out the exhaust, because the exhaust port must, by the nature of the common 2 stroke, be open long after air and fuel is sucked into the engine.
Likewise, they produce foul smelling fumes, because oil must be mixed into the fuel. The common 2 stroke uses the crankcase as a pressure chamber to force air into the cylinder. Because the crankcase cannot be filled with oil, the fuel it's self must lubricate the engine, requiring a mix of oil to be introduced to the gasoline. The result is an engine that smells like a 4 stroke with badly worn out rings and valve guides.
Now, there are a few designs that work around these issues:
Diesel 2 stroke engines use exhaust valves, superchargers, and fuel injection. Because fuel is not injected into the cylinder until long after the intake port and exhaust valves have closed, the engine does not blow unburnt fuel out the exhaust. And because a supercharger is used for exhaust scavenging (removal) the crank case can be filled with oil, eliminating the need for premix. Anyone who's been near a diesel locomotive can attest that it doesn't smell or smoke like your typical 2 stroke.
The same technology can be employed with 2 stroke gasoline engines. Gasoline Direct Injection with supercharging has some clear advantages over traditional 2-strokes... Never-mind the fact that the supercharger could be used to produce some pretty insane power output out of a small displacement engine.
2 strokes also have the advantage that they are quieter than your typical 4 stroke. The only reason people tend to think of them as loud is because they don't require much in the way of silencing.
Anyway... Long rambling post. Short version: no, traditional 2 strokes are not clean. Modern 2 strokes show a lot of promise.
Will the directors stop putting in just-for-the-effect, in-your-face scenes meant only to remind you the film is "in 3d!"
Probably about the same time the technology becomes ubiquitous. Remember when Stereo sound was the cool new technology? One need only listen to an old Beatles album to be reminded about how that was abused.
It depends on the sport. In many sports, raw muscle mass can be more of a detriment than a benefit. What's important is having the right muscle development, and the right kinds of muscle (fast twitch, or slow twitch.)
Look at pretty much any sport. With few exceptions, none of the competitive athletes will be build like body builders (even amateur bodybuilders.)
For example, most cyclists have strong slow-twitch muscles in their legs, and comparatively low upper body strength. Since the arms aren't used to pedal the bike, extra muscle weight there would actually drag them down as they try to climb a hill.
Same is true for martial artists... Most have a solid foundation of lean fast twitch muscle. Enough to move them, but not so much to weigh them down.
With that said, I didn't RTFA. It's not clear to me whether this medicine would cause the development of unwanted muscle for professional athletes.
On the plus side for games (that is, things that increase your times over the real world), the simulation will remove any fear you might have from smashing into a wall. This is probably the main reason why game times tend to be higher than real world times around the same track.
I'm going to say it's because games (even simulators) tend to stupify the simulation for exactly the reasons you describe. In real life, the behavior of the vehicle can tell me a lot about what it is or isn't doing. Without that feedback, it's too easily to step over the line... So the simulator has to be somewhat more forgiving than reality.
In a real race it isn't the fear of death that keeps the riders from riding at 100%, it's the fear of losing. Spinning out, running into the dirt, or crashing means defeat. The same is true of a simulator.
The Chernobyl reactor disaster happened because the operators decided to run a test, and turned off the automatic safety shut-down.
...and because the reactor was of such a design that it could not have a proper containment vessel, and because the control rods had a major flaw in that initiating an emergency shutdown (SCRAM) would cause the reaction rate to INCREASE momentarily, and because the reactor had a positive void coefficient (will tend to increase the rate of reaction as the coolant vaporizes, without outside intervention), AND because there was insufficient instrumentation and operator training to identify the critical reactor condition until after the meltdown had started.
There was a perfect storm of design flaw and poor decision making that lead to the Chernobyl disaster.
The experiment the reactor was running was designed to test whether the pumps could circulate current through the reactor after a power loss on inertia alone (without using the backup diesel generators.)
It was surprising to find out that the direct death toll (discounting the increased cancer rates following the release of radiation) was 56 people, including the responders to the event, and workers on-site when the accident occurred.
Although the nearby town of Pripyat was abandoned after the disaster, Reactors 1-3 continued operation. Reactor number 2 was damage in a fire, and shut down in 1991. Reactor 1 was decommissioned in 1996, and reactor number 3 was shutdown in 2000.
Personally, reading heavily into the Chernobyl accident has gone a long way towards improving my opinion on nuclear power. To see what it took to cause the most recognizable and most cited disaster, really puts things into perspective.
More specifically, modern safe reactors have a negative void coefficient. As water vaporizes in an critically hot reactor, it reduces the rate of reaction. The hotter the reactor gets, the larger the void(s) in the coolant, the less reaction occurs.
I don't see it happening, if for any other reason than insurance rates are going to skyrocket.
Look at motorcycle personal injury lawyers. Have you ever noticed how many of them are running ads in the yellow pages and on TV? Payouts are huge, because liability in a motorcycle accident is huge. Large hospital bills and large pain and suffering damages means a lot of money can be made.
What does this have to do with the flying car?
Imagine the lawsuit that would result from one flying car driver nicking another, causing a crash into a home. As flying cars become more popular, I suspect that the rate of fatal accidents with huge property damage will increase to the point that the flying car would no longer become a viable form of travel.
I suspect that existing solutions to congestion will be more effective - buses, rail, and carpool lanes.
Let's assume, for a moment, that we have a murderer or rapist that does it because he's genetically wired to do it.
This seems to relate to the insanity clause, and the issue surrounding a retarded man put to death in Texas.
My understanding is that the insanity plea is usually used in places where it is believed that the perpetrator of a crime could either be cured meidcally, or would not repeat the crime, because the circumstances that caused them to become temporarily insane no longer exist.
For instance, before the murder of an abusive spouse could be considered an act of self defense, it could be argued that the abuse drove the murderer to a state of insanity, which resulted in the killing. Now that the abuse is removed, the person, with counseling, could lead a normal life, and would no longer pose a danger to society.
This case differs from the idea of someone being genetically pre-disposed to murder or rape in that the insanity is temporary, or can be cured.
In the case of a retarded person, the issue becomes one of intent. Was the mentally handicap person tricked or lead into performing a violent crime? Can it be shown that they didn't fully understand their actions? Perhaps some leniency is in order.
In the case of someone who lacks any sense of empathy and ethics, I believe that they genuinely need to be isolated from society. That is one of the main uses of the prison system.
Slashdot Mirror
It isn't really that * ignores special characters, it's that special characters loose their meaning once * is expanded into individual file names.
Using * causes BASH to search the file-system for whatever pattern (glob) the user specified. Every match that is found is returned, and treated as a separate field. No further command substitution takes place with globs. If no pattern is found, BASH returns the literal glob (for example, *.)
This is the reason that globs seem inconsistent with SCP. If you specify a common glob, BASH will match files on your local system, and substitute them on the command line. This can cause unexpected results.
However, if the glob doesn't match anything locally, it will be passed literally to the remote host, where it will again be expanded, causing the desired behavior.
E.g.
scp user@remote:~/* ./ # may not always work as expected.
scp user@remote:'~/*' ./ # Will always work as expected.
scp user@remote:/path/to/some/uncommon/directory/* ./ # Will probably work as expected
Ummm... yeah. Try "tar tf file.tar | xargs rm", when some of the files in the archive contain spaces (or other shell special characters).
In your example, I'd use a read loop to treat each line of of output as a single element. Handle each line using double quotes.
In most cases, an array works fine for preserving special characters in file-names.
mkdir /tmp/test /tmp/test
cd
touch 'foo'
touch 'bar baz'
declare -a FOO
FOO=(*)
Foo now contains an array. Each element is a single file-name, that preserves shell special characters.
Foo has 2 elements
$ echo ${#FOO[@]}
2
Those elements are:
$ for ELEMENT in "${FOO[@]}"; do echo $ELEMENT; done
foo
bar baz
Elements can be accessed in an arbitrary order, using typical array syntax.
echo ${FOO[1]}
echo ${FOO[2]}
As far as I know, this approach to handling files has been supported for a long time.
Hope this asshat understands that pleading the Fifth isn't going to prevent a judge or jury from finding/ruling against him and punishing him.
"If I don't say anything I'm safe." doesn't work in the real world when you've already been caught.
It does prevent you from getting yourself deeper into shit, however.
I was going to post a citation... ...But then I got high.
That makes sense. For instance, while there are plenty of aftermarket cast and forged rims, I don't recall seeing any billet machined rims on the market.
Nobody machines consumer products out of solid blocks of metal except as a demo, of course. It takes hours to machine something that can be made in seconds by stamping or molding. Machine tools are used mostly to make stamping and molding dies, and one-off parts. Also, even in modest volumes, you don't start with plain blocks of metal. You cast or forge a blank and machine off the excess.
That's not entirely correct. Machined parts are actually relatively common in the motorcycling industry for a number of reasons.
- Often the part is a one off, or small batch product as you mentioned.
- Billet parts are in demand for their perceived beauty, or value.
- Often, machined parts are used for their high strength to weight ratio.
Some of the following machined products are widely available in the industry:
Upper and lower tripple clamps
Hand Controls
Foot Controls
Engine Covers
Engine covers are an especially interesting case. Most modern cast aluminum covers are very lightweight and thin. In the event of a crash, they often wear through, leaking oil (on an active race-track,) permitting dirt into the engine, and rendering the vehicle inoperative.
Many race organizations now require aftermarket covers on many bikes.
A lot of silly products, such as reservoir caps are also available as CNC machined parts.
Some legislators parents should have used condoms.
Remember: These are the best legislators we could get. Just imagine the ones that didn't make the cut.
You received $550 a week because you were a skilled worker capable of earning more than that. Your brother, earning $15 an hour driving a truck would not earn as much on unemployment.
Yes, I'm sure a few people take advantage of unemployment insurance. But I've never met them.
Remember that debt has value, just like cash has value. There are situations where debt may be transferred between agencies (collections is an obvious example,) permitting other entities to collect on the debt.
Personally, I'm not sure I'd want the government tracking me down to collect. Based on the stories I've heard, they seem to be pretty good at it (See IRS.)
Hell, here's a map of the earthquakes that happened this week in California.
http://quake.usgs.gov/recenteqs/
Dude, out here we wouldn't even notice a 3.4 magnitude earthquake.
It could warrant a comment or two if someone else is in the room when it happens, and it *might* get 5 minute blurb on a slow news day.
That's only true because they have one ignition event per revolution per cylinder. When you burn gas every revolution rather than every other revolution, you're going to perform more work per unit of displacement, per revolution yes.
But you aren't necessarily going to perform more work per volume of fuel consumed, or more work per volume of pollutants released.
The common 2 stroke engine blows a lot of gasoline (unburned hydrocarbons) out the exhaust, because the exhaust port must, by the nature of the common 2 stroke, be open long after air and fuel is sucked into the engine.
Likewise, they produce foul smelling fumes, because oil must be mixed into the fuel. The common 2 stroke uses the crankcase as a pressure chamber to force air into the cylinder. Because the crankcase cannot be filled with oil, the fuel it's self must lubricate the engine, requiring a mix of oil to be introduced to the gasoline. The result is an engine that smells like a 4 stroke with badly worn out rings and valve guides.
Now, there are a few designs that work around these issues:
Diesel 2 stroke engines use exhaust valves, superchargers, and fuel injection. Because fuel is not injected into the cylinder until long after the intake port and exhaust valves have closed, the engine does not blow unburnt fuel out the exhaust. And because a supercharger is used for exhaust scavenging (removal) the crank case can be filled with oil, eliminating the need for premix. Anyone who's been near a diesel locomotive can attest that it doesn't smell or smoke like your typical 2 stroke.
The same technology can be employed with 2 stroke gasoline engines. Gasoline Direct Injection with supercharging has some clear advantages over traditional 2-strokes... Never-mind the fact that the supercharger could be used to produce some pretty insane power output out of a small displacement engine.
2 strokes also have the advantage that they are quieter than your typical 4 stroke. The only reason people tend to think of them as loud is because they don't require much in the way of silencing.
Anyway... Long rambling post. Short version: no, traditional 2 strokes are not clean. Modern 2 strokes show a lot of promise.
Perhaps he has mild Aspergers?
Probably about the same time the technology becomes ubiquitous. Remember when Stereo sound was the cool new technology? One need only listen to an old Beatles album to be reminded about how that was abused.
It depends on the sport. In many sports, raw muscle mass can be more of a detriment than a benefit. What's important is having the right muscle development, and the right kinds of muscle (fast twitch, or slow twitch.)
Look at pretty much any sport. With few exceptions, none of the competitive athletes will be build like body builders (even amateur bodybuilders.)
For example, most cyclists have strong slow-twitch muscles in their legs, and comparatively low upper body strength. Since the arms aren't used to pedal the bike, extra muscle weight there would actually drag them down as they try to climb a hill.
Same is true for martial artists... Most have a solid foundation of lean fast twitch muscle. Enough to move them, but not so much to weigh them down.
With that said, I didn't RTFA. It's not clear to me whether this medicine would cause the development of unwanted muscle for professional athletes.
As is the bone density loss.
It is possible for a person to intentionally injure themselves using only their muscle power (hyperextension of the elbow is an obvious method.)
Just imagine a person with strong muscles and weak bones!
(Not to say that your idea is invalid. Just throwing some info out there!)
Mythbusters defeated a similar lock using a simple fingerprint photocopy.
I'm going to say it's because games (even simulators) tend to stupify the simulation for exactly the reasons you describe. In real life, the behavior of the vehicle can tell me a lot about what it is or isn't doing. Without that feedback, it's too easily to step over the line... So the simulator has to be somewhat more forgiving than reality.
In a real race it isn't the fear of death that keeps the riders from riding at 100%, it's the fear of losing. Spinning out, running into the dirt, or crashing means defeat. The same is true of a simulator.
Cyan sweat?
Let me guess, you were once an extra in a Gatorade commercial...
There was a perfect storm of design flaw and poor decision making that lead to the Chernobyl disaster.
The experiment the reactor was running was designed to test whether the pumps could circulate current through the reactor after a power loss on inertia alone (without using the backup diesel generators.)
It was surprising to find out that the direct death toll (discounting the increased cancer rates following the release of radiation) was 56 people, including the responders to the event, and workers on-site when the accident occurred.
Although the nearby town of Pripyat was abandoned after the disaster, Reactors 1-3 continued operation. Reactor number 2 was damage in a fire, and shut down in 1991. Reactor 1 was decommissioned in 1996, and reactor number 3 was shutdown in 2000.
Personally, reading heavily into the Chernobyl accident has gone a long way towards improving my opinion on nuclear power. To see what it took to cause the most recognizable and most cited disaster, really puts things into perspective.
More specifically, modern safe reactors have a negative void coefficient. As water vaporizes in an critically hot reactor, it reduces the rate of reaction. The hotter the reactor gets, the larger the void(s) in the coolant, the less reaction occurs.
Chernobyl had a positive void coefficient.
I don't see it happening, if for any other reason than insurance rates are going to skyrocket.
Look at motorcycle personal injury lawyers. Have you ever noticed how many of them are running ads in the yellow pages and on TV? Payouts are huge, because liability in a motorcycle accident is huge. Large hospital bills and large pain and suffering damages means a lot of money can be made.
What does this have to do with the flying car?
Imagine the lawsuit that would result from one flying car driver nicking another, causing a crash into a home. As flying cars become more popular, I suspect that the rate of fatal accidents with huge property damage will increase to the point that the flying car would no longer become a viable form of travel.
I suspect that existing solutions to congestion will be more effective - buses, rail, and carpool lanes.
Chips? Chips!?
Common, this is Slashdot. Chips? The technical jargon in the summary is horribly confusing.
For clarity, could we please use a more generic term, such as 'computer thingamajiggy?'
This seems to relate to the insanity clause, and the issue surrounding a retarded man put to death in Texas.
My understanding is that the insanity plea is usually used in places where it is believed that the perpetrator of a crime could either be cured meidcally, or would not repeat the crime, because the circumstances that caused them to become temporarily insane no longer exist.
For instance, before the murder of an abusive spouse could be considered an act of self defense, it could be argued that the abuse drove the murderer to a state of insanity, which resulted in the killing. Now that the abuse is removed, the person, with counseling, could lead a normal life, and would no longer pose a danger to society.
This case differs from the idea of someone being genetically pre-disposed to murder or rape in that the insanity is temporary, or can be cured.
In the case of a retarded person, the issue becomes one of intent. Was the mentally handicap person tricked or lead into performing a violent crime? Can it be shown that they didn't fully understand their actions? Perhaps some leniency is in order.
In the case of someone who lacks any sense of empathy and ethics, I believe that they genuinely need to be isolated from society. That is one of the main uses of the prison system.
Uh... Are you sure about that?
I'm pretty confident that burning wood produces emissions (it can be carbon neutral, however.)