My kingdom for some modpoints... someone mod this up.
Black Hat = The Marketing and Money of Security. Defcon = The Tech of Security BSides = small con, feels like old Defcon.
Don't get me wrong, there's some amazing researchers and tech funded by Black Hat money. An unlimited project expense account can let you do fun stuff like functional x-ray lithography as a reverse-engineering tool. But Black Hat isn't thousands of engineers, scientists, and hackers getting their geek-freak on.
FreedomBox is a community project to develop, design and promote[1] personal servers running free software for distributed social networking, email and audio/video communications.[2] The project was announced by Eben Moglen at the New York ISOC meeting on February 2, 2010.[3]
src: wikipedia entry for freedombox.
If that is mumbo-jumbo to you, you're really not likely to be in a position to contribute code or docs.
Ignoring AC's 'ASSHOLE' remark below, you were doing ok in paragraphs 1 & 2 ((statistically; it is possible for virii to be a greater threat to 30-y.o. men) . Hell, even paragraph 3 is mostly good. But the last dozen or so words swerved into the fallacy of it being safe or prudent to not get the shot.
Vaccination and flu shots are about protecting everyone, including coincidental spread, and including outlier events. GP is misconstruing good medicine into something absurd in the name of toughening his immune system.
GP, try rationalizing that you're being 'tougher' by getting immunized. Your body gets forced to generate the antibodies even if you never get infected. Beyond that, if you need to live your dream of making yourself strong, try eating food that hit the floor or is past it's sell-by date. Lick coins and the handlebars at the supermarket for all I care. But don't get contagious. That's not a strengthening thing at all.
Get the shot, regardless. Advocate it at work. Spread good science. Anything less is enabling the dumbass Jennymac's of the world.
This needs to be a unit of measure, like a Library of Congress (LOC).
I say this expressly *because* every time a politician gets the urge to throw more or less money at NASA, it'd adjust techies' nattering about many NASA's this or that costs.
While I agree that having a felony record is cruel baggage to a recovering addict, being stripped of rights for a time is effective when other things fail. My state has a program that is only open to 'use' type drug prisoners. It's hard to get into, it's strict, it focuses on changing habits, breaking away from toxic relationships, and skills needed to hold down a job, plus the usual drug treatment and 12-step program. It has helped a few people I know.
Back before Reagan, institutionalization was similar. It was reviled for some pretty good reasons. But there has to be a midway that takes control of people wanting/needing help but doesn't label them felons. Oh, and that doesn't break the bank: not everyone can afford Betty Ford. This is another time where money can buy you out of a hellish fate: "I know I need help, your honor." "Well, you're broke, so if I send you to prison for a year to 18 months, in 14 months you should get into the program. Hope you survive being labelled a Felon." vs. "I know I need help, your honor - I've booked myself into Betty Ford Center." "Well, I think we can go with a suspended sentence, which I'll expunge from your record if you stay clean."
> I work where you need an ID to get into the parking lot, so that's out.
I like the mental picture of a brown van with a boom doing 70mph deliveries into your car trunk, hollywood-style!
But processes exist for this. Delivery agents get vetted then bonded and issued limited-access badges to make their deliveries (either to Receiving, a loading dock, or the front office). Worst-case: your stuff goes thru that old channel, just like it always did. Intermediate: on days when you expect a delivery you park in a designated area they are allowed to access and deliver to. Best-case: that courier gets a badge, then makes this car-trunk delivery just like in any other parking lot.
And keep in mind just how narrow your use case is: If nearly EVERYONE had this problem, the idea would fail. But for a newegg delivery to a prison, military base or the likes, nobody really expects generic stuff like this car trunk delivery.
BTW, Travis Snyder's euphemism 'exposure' is commonly heard by any photographer: GIVE US YOUR WORK AND WE WILL USE IT AND YOU WILL BE ABLE TO CLAIM WE USED YOUR WORK.
The unspoken next sentence apparently reads "After which, magical fairies and flying unicorns will shit rainbows and gold out of their asses and make your second gig insanely profitable -- profitable enough that you should THANK us for demanding you let us use stuff for free, just for the exposure."
Fuck that noise.
Also, while $2-3000 for use of photos is 'common', copyright isn't in any way tied to compulsory licensing in the US. The artist controls all use. Period. They can choose an unreasonable price, especially punitively if they're negotiating against $150k per infringement.
Personally, I'm in favor of compulsory licensing - we're long past the point where I think copyright, patent and trademark laws would be saner if they had them. A mellow, tiered compulsory pricing structure could simplify a lot of 21st-century art creation: enhance mashup and reuse culture, make life easier for events and presentations, for indie films and animators and artists, and in general let people focus more on art than on copyright law. But that's just my opinion.
Sorry, not even that is 'fact'. It's a conservative contention that has plenty of disagreement.
Also, I'm immediately suspicious of any round numbers, so where did this magical 'Firing 10% helps' plan come up with that 10%? Another conservative meme: fire some people = save money, make everyone else work harder out of fear, and claim success.
As for resenting a factory worker getting $75 an hour, I vaguely recall that being bullshit, too. Something akin to the anti-USPS accounting tricks conservatives like: the shopworker gets far less, plus overtime bonuses, decent benefits and a pension, which with some seriously questionable math tricks is ginned up to a thrice-questionable estimate.
Last of all, if a union lead (decades experience plus management plus education, in other words) before reaganomics was getting $30 an hour, they SHOULD be getting $75, just due to the more-than-double cost of living increases over 40 years.. That people aren't ever seeing that sort of money nowadays is not his fault. Everyone else is getting screwed. Dozens of studies show wage stagnation problems.
TL;DR: lots of words, fundamentally wrong. Seems oblivious to First Sale, purchasing copies of copyrighted things, changing terms after agreement or all the other counterarguments.
Also, a bad analogy on the car. Buying a book is similar. Getting a license to drive a car is not. The word License has different meanings in the two contexts.
I think parent is misinterpreting the cost of screen replacement (including labor) as the value of the screen. Even then, a local CPR shop replaced clumsy teen kid's craced iPod 4g's screen for $100. Wasn't willing to risk ebay fraud on a $30-45 screen and DIY it.
So, what you're saying is that apocryphal examples (a few senior engineers at top companies, highest-paying location in the country, households with two of those rare incomes) win over all the data collected via census, salary surveys, etc: $400k is pretty easy to get to.... my ass.
Here, let me play the game. I'm a hardcore techie at the top of my game, but not in Silicon Valley or NYC. I am always above the salary surveys, and NEVER see jobs advertised for more than I make. Most of my friends are in these sorts of positions... and among us, not counting doctors and C-level management (engineers or the equivalent only, IOW), I know two with husband/wife duos. Neither gets to $300k aggregate. The difference is that in my realm, our numbers end up resembling every other bit of demographic data I ever notice.
I'll let someone else argue taxes as penalties, earned vs. unearned income (I agree, these loopholes need to close), etc.
Thank you. I ranted about this article to friends via social media yesterday; it smells like bad science writing by people that probably flunked out of science. Worse was that I ran into the article in some 'International Times' rehash ("A new york time bozo wrote that blah blah blah"). Now Bubba Pickins (slashdot's favorite regurgitator of pap for the front page) has done so, too. A thousand nitwits nattering about the incoherent blathering of another nitwit.
Bottom line: Rocket Science is hard. You can die from vacuums, gamma rays, high-speed impacts, lunar/mars dust that's abrasive as fuck, UVB (or indirect damage due to things by UVB), extremes of temperature and difficulties associated with vacuums messing with heat transfer, biological effects of zero-g. The times and energy needed to go from any interesting A to B are a problem. Gravity and speed complicate things. Unlike the boat analogy, you can't just cope if things go nastily wrong: space exploration will be relentlessly lethal compared to exploring the earth. But we oughta / gotta try.
> If ever USA becomes a place just like China, I do not know where else people can aspire to be, if they were to run away from tyranny !
Oh, if only there was another continent (or two!) of countries with the opportunities and amenities of modern cities, but with governments not as oppressive as some in Asia and North America.
(/sarcasm... also, no insult intended yet, canada.)
If you're going to be pedantic, you have to at least stick to the original quote in it's entirety: "from the early days of the Macintosh". A few months in 30 years is 0.8%, which pretty much seems like a rounding error.
Debit cardholders suffer, due to fewer protections legislated for cardholders. Credit cardholders do suffer lost time to clean up, or lost income if they get stuck with charges they either don't notice or are unable to clear. While apocryphal: my having a card stolen and abused ate about a day of my time, plus days of additional little inconveniences. Competitors get stuck with costs for compliance that Target dodged, which is anticompetitive.
And yet you're right: it largely doesn't matter... **to Target**. Look at TJ Maxx's share prices during their debacle. Try to look at Sony's downward spiral and tie any part of it to security incidents -- it's dicey. And look at Target's share price: it went down in September, not December. So, if a company can dick around with mediocre security then throw PR and bandaids at it for far less.... well, it effin serves us right for letting them. But it's not a non-issue. If security fuckups like this hurt, we'd have chip and pin, or some other securer implementation than this mess.
Y'all can keep rationalizing, but the fact remains that the WRT54g was interesting at $120 ten years ago, and fun at $60. There is NO WAY that this is going to see similar market penetration at $300.
Besides, high profile item prices seldom go downward between the vaporware stage and release, but they've been known to go upwards: what if it gets released at $450?!
A decade later, under $200 is only slightly interesting, and $100 makes me smile. 300 just annoys the fuck out of me: I won't spend 300 when the special features it has beyond the 54g are diminished by most of USA's shitty residential broadband rate limitations.
I agree, this is likely a mistake. Most grand new discoveries fizzle when peers start falsifying (as in 'to test and prove false') them.
Having said that, a matter type can be imagined whose 'drag' on GPS sats would be so rare and trivial as to be mistaken for part of the drag that near-atmospheric objects feel. Neutrinos fit this example. All we need here are massive nonreactive slow cloudy fat (but I repeat myself) particles that do gravitationally interact but don't bump into each other, don't coalesce, etc. Weird weird weird.
The possibility of a cloud or ring or shell that increased gravity is also physically **possible**. That's just calculus. If memory serves, a ring would have asymmetries that would affect the orbital dynamics of anything traveling orthogonal to the ring, so that can be tested quickly (and it's absence in 60 insanely predictable years of orbital dynamics indicates it can be ruled out). Since the force inside a shell or uniform cloud would be zero ( http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mechanics/sphshell2.html#wtls ), we probably would have noticed this as a rather significant blip/bending of trajectories during space flight. Again, without reading TQA, I'm not seeing much hope.
This sounds way too much like ether and phlogiston.
But don't just say 'it can't be'; that's dogma. Instead, take five, and go to work defining how one would confirm or falsify this idea. I'd dig up old trajectory/force data from NASA. And FFS, TAKE A MOMENT to savor how fun scientific research would become again if it turns out to be true.
PKI can implement information sharing where any of N parties can 'erase' it. It can implement it so that the 'server' can't see or erase the information. It can implement information storage so that any of those parties can search for a checksum or key that servers can search for, but again not read.
Implementation isn't trivial, I don't see any cry for it and thus doubt it's likely, but it's entirely possible.
Frankly, since the NSA and your healthcare providers and credit reporters and social media systems all have a vested interest in having all that crap, I'd wager it'll become a battleground eventually. And then, trivial or not, it'll just be possible: perhaps baked into FOSS if there's a cry for it.
From what I understand (IANA PCI Expert) POS gets the card number less and less.
Some POS magnetic heads now come with encryption literally built into the head elements. The cardswipe heads encrypt card data, then send the encrypted chunk to the card processor. The card processor sends back confirmation data. Newer systems are capable of making it so that the closest that Target gets to your data is a token that is not the card data: it can be reused by the business (adjustments, additional charges if you're at a hotel, that sort of thing), but it only makes sense to the point of sale and the processor: 'We agree that 1555-5555-5555-1515' will map to a card ending in 1515, owned by Jane Doe'.
The cardswipe system has a PKI methodology that enables the processor updating the encryption keys. So, keys are processor-specific, processor controlled. Point of Sale never touches the keys, the card data... they just get little accountant-friendly tokens.
This is pretty new stuff, so it's likely NOT in place at Target.
Please, if I misunderstand this aspect of P2PE, some PCI expert is welcome to fix my understanding.
My kingdom for some modpoints... someone mod this up.
Black Hat = The Marketing and Money of Security.
Defcon = The Tech of Security
BSides = small con, feels like old Defcon.
Don't get me wrong, there's some amazing researchers and tech funded by Black Hat money. An unlimited project expense account can let you do fun stuff like functional x-ray lithography as a reverse-engineering tool. But Black Hat isn't thousands of engineers, scientists, and hackers getting their geek-freak on.
> a bus carrying 40 passengers probably means 15+ cars that are not on the road.
In the US, 40 people on a bus probably means 35-40 cars not on the road.
It's a reference to a rather hillarious quote by Rip Torn's character in Dodgeball.
You're **slightly** mistaken. In many states you an record audio if you are one of the parties being recorded.
FreedomBox is a community project to develop, design and promote[1] personal servers running free software for distributed social networking, email and audio/video communications.[2] The project was announced by Eben Moglen at the New York ISOC meeting on February 2, 2010.[3]
src: wikipedia entry for freedombox.
If that is mumbo-jumbo to you, you're really not likely to be in a position to contribute code or docs.
Ignoring AC's 'ASSHOLE' remark below, you were doing ok in paragraphs 1 & 2 ((statistically; it is possible for virii to be a greater threat to 30-y.o. men) . Hell, even paragraph 3 is mostly good. But the last dozen or so words swerved into the fallacy of it being safe or prudent to not get the shot.
Vaccination and flu shots are about protecting everyone, including coincidental spread, and including outlier events. GP is misconstruing good medicine into something absurd in the name of toughening his immune system.
GP, try rationalizing that you're being 'tougher' by getting immunized. Your body gets forced to generate the antibodies even if you never get infected. Beyond that, if you need to live your dream of making yourself strong, try eating food that hit the floor or is past it's sell-by date. Lick coins and the handlebars at the supermarket for all I care. But don't get contagious. That's not a strengthening thing at all.
Get the shot, regardless. Advocate it at work. Spread good science. Anything less is enabling the dumbass Jennymac's of the world.
This needs to be a unit of measure, like a Library of Congress (LOC).
I say this expressly *because* every time a politician gets the urge to throw more or less money at NASA, it'd adjust techies' nattering about many NASA's this or that costs.
While I agree that having a felony record is cruel baggage to a recovering addict, being stripped of rights for a time is effective when other things fail. My state has a program that is only open to 'use' type drug prisoners. It's hard to get into, it's strict, it focuses on changing habits, breaking away from toxic relationships, and skills needed to hold down a job, plus the usual drug treatment and 12-step program. It has helped a few people I know.
Back before Reagan, institutionalization was similar. It was reviled for some pretty good reasons. But there has to be a midway that takes control of people wanting/needing help but doesn't label them felons. Oh, and that doesn't break the bank: not everyone can afford Betty Ford. This is another time where money can buy you out of a hellish fate: "I know I need help, your honor." "Well, you're broke, so if I send you to prison for a year to 18 months, in 14 months you should get into the program. Hope you survive being labelled a Felon." vs. "I know I need help, your honor - I've booked myself into Betty Ford Center." "Well, I think we can go with a suspended sentence, which I'll expunge from your record if you stay clean."
> I work where you need an ID to get into the parking lot, so that's out.
I like the mental picture of a brown van with a boom doing 70mph deliveries into your car trunk, hollywood-style!
But processes exist for this. Delivery agents get vetted then bonded and issued limited-access badges to make their deliveries (either to Receiving, a loading dock, or the front office). Worst-case: your stuff goes thru that old channel, just like it always did. Intermediate: on days when you expect a delivery you park in a designated area they are allowed to access and deliver to. Best-case: that courier gets a badge, then makes this car-trunk delivery just like in any other parking lot.
And keep in mind just how narrow your use case is: If nearly EVERYONE had this problem, the idea would fail. But for a newegg delivery to a prison, military base or the likes, nobody really expects generic stuff like this car trunk delivery.
BTW, Travis Snyder's euphemism 'exposure' is commonly heard by any photographer: GIVE US YOUR WORK AND WE WILL USE IT AND YOU WILL BE ABLE TO CLAIM WE USED YOUR WORK.
The unspoken next sentence apparently reads "After which, magical fairies and flying unicorns will shit rainbows and gold out of their asses and make your second gig insanely profitable -- profitable enough that you should THANK us for demanding you let us use stuff for free, just for the exposure."
Fuck that noise.
Also, while $2-3000 for use of photos is 'common', copyright isn't in any way tied to compulsory licensing in the US. The artist controls all use. Period. They can choose an unreasonable price, especially punitively if they're negotiating against $150k per infringement.
Personally, I'm in favor of compulsory licensing - we're long past the point where I think copyright, patent and trademark laws would be saner if they had them. A mellow, tiered compulsory pricing structure could simplify a lot of 21st-century art creation: enhance mashup and reuse culture, make life easier for events and presentations, for indie films and animators and artists, and in general let people focus more on art than on copyright law. But that's just my opinion.
Sorry, not even that is 'fact'. It's a conservative contention that has plenty of disagreement.
Also, I'm immediately suspicious of any round numbers, so where did this magical
'Firing 10% helps' plan come up with that 10%? Another conservative meme: fire some people = save money, make everyone else work harder out of fear, and claim success.
As for resenting a factory worker getting $75 an hour, I vaguely recall that being bullshit, too. Something akin to the anti-USPS accounting tricks conservatives like: the shopworker gets far less, plus overtime bonuses, decent benefits and a pension, which with some seriously questionable math tricks is ginned up to a thrice-questionable estimate.
Last of all, if a union lead (decades experience plus management plus education, in other words) before reaganomics was getting $30 an hour, they SHOULD be getting $75, just due to the more-than-double cost of living increases over 40 years.. That people aren't ever seeing that sort of money nowadays is not his fault. Everyone else is getting screwed. Dozens of studies show wage stagnation problems.
TL;DR: lots of words, fundamentally wrong. Seems oblivious to First Sale, purchasing copies of copyrighted things, changing terms after agreement or all the other counterarguments.
Also, a bad analogy on the car. Buying a book is similar. Getting a license to drive a car is not. The word License has different meanings in the two contexts.
I think parent is misinterpreting the cost of screen replacement (including labor) as the value of the screen. Even then, a local CPR shop replaced clumsy teen kid's craced iPod 4g's screen for $100. Wasn't willing to risk ebay fraud on a $30-45 screen and DIY it.
So, what you're saying is that apocryphal examples (a few senior engineers at top companies, highest-paying location in the country, households with two of those rare incomes) win over all the data collected via census, salary surveys, etc: $400k is pretty easy to get to. ... my ass.
Here, let me play the game. I'm a hardcore techie at the top of my game, but not in Silicon Valley or NYC. I am always above the salary surveys, and NEVER see jobs advertised for more than I make. Most of my friends are in these sorts of positions... and among us, not counting doctors and C-level management (engineers or the equivalent only, IOW), I know two with husband/wife duos. Neither gets to $300k aggregate. The difference is that in my realm, our numbers end up resembling every other bit of demographic data I ever notice.
I'll let someone else argue taxes as penalties, earned vs. unearned income (I agree, these loopholes need to close), etc.
Thank you. I ranted about this article to friends via social media yesterday; it smells like bad science writing by people that probably flunked out of science. Worse was that I ran into the article in some 'International Times' rehash ("A new york time bozo wrote that blah blah blah"). Now Bubba Pickins (slashdot's favorite regurgitator of pap for the front page) has done so, too. A thousand nitwits nattering about the incoherent blathering of another nitwit.
Bottom line: Rocket Science is hard. You can die from vacuums, gamma rays, high-speed impacts, lunar/mars dust that's abrasive as fuck, UVB (or indirect damage due to things by UVB), extremes of temperature and difficulties associated with vacuums messing with heat transfer, biological effects of zero-g. The times and energy needed to go from any interesting A to B are a problem. Gravity and speed complicate things. Unlike the boat analogy, you can't just cope if things go nastily wrong: space exploration will be relentlessly lethal compared to exploring the earth. But we oughta / gotta try.
> If ever USA becomes a place just like China, I do not know where else people can aspire to be, if they were to run away from tyranny !
Oh, if only there was another continent (or two!) of countries with the opportunities and amenities of modern cities, but with governments not as oppressive as some in Asia and North America.
(/sarcasm... also, no insult intended yet, canada.)
If you're going to be pedantic, you have to at least stick to the original quote in it's entirety: "from the early days of the Macintosh". A few months in 30 years is 0.8%, which pretty much seems like a rounding error.
Debit cardholders suffer, due to fewer protections legislated for cardholders. Credit cardholders do suffer lost time to clean up, or lost income if they get stuck with charges they either don't notice or are unable to clear. While apocryphal: my having a card stolen and abused ate about a day of my time, plus days of additional little inconveniences. Competitors get stuck with costs for compliance that Target dodged, which is anticompetitive.
And yet you're right: it largely doesn't matter... **to Target**. Look at TJ Maxx's share prices during their debacle. Try to look at Sony's downward spiral and tie any part of it to security incidents -- it's dicey. And look at Target's share price: it went down in September, not December. So, if a company can dick around with mediocre security then throw PR and bandaids at it for far less.... well, it effin serves us right for letting them. But it's not a non-issue. If security fuckups like this hurt, we'd have chip and pin, or some other securer implementation than this mess.
> why is ... trying to reduce bad consequences such as disease... not a sin?
Personally, I think it has to do with God writing doctrine before we discovered bacteria. WHich makes me want to put airquotes around the word God.
You say 'disconnected from all internet' but as Inigo said, I don't think it means what you think it means. How about 'all other internet'?
False dichotomy. Do both. Plus anything else prudent in the long-term.
Y'all can keep rationalizing, but the fact remains that the WRT54g was interesting at $120 ten years ago, and fun at $60. There is NO WAY that this is going to see similar market penetration at $300.
Besides, high profile item prices seldom go downward between the vaporware stage and release, but they've been known to go upwards: what if it gets released at $450?!
A decade later, under $200 is only slightly interesting, and $100 makes me smile. 300 just annoys the fuck out of me: I won't spend 300 when the special features it has beyond the 54g are diminished by most of USA's shitty residential broadband rate limitations.
I agree, this is likely a mistake. Most grand new discoveries fizzle when peers start falsifying (as in 'to test and prove false') them.
Having said that, a matter type can be imagined whose 'drag' on GPS sats would be so rare and trivial as to be mistaken for part of the drag that near-atmospheric objects feel. Neutrinos fit this example. All we need here are massive nonreactive slow cloudy fat (but I repeat myself) particles that do gravitationally interact but don't bump into each other, don't coalesce, etc. Weird weird weird.
The possibility of a cloud or ring or shell that increased gravity is also physically **possible**. That's just calculus. If memory serves, a ring would have asymmetries that would affect the orbital dynamics of anything traveling orthogonal to the ring, so that can be tested quickly (and it's absence in 60 insanely predictable years of orbital dynamics indicates it can be ruled out). Since the force inside a shell or uniform cloud would be zero ( http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mechanics/sphshell2.html#wtls ), we probably would have noticed this as a rather significant blip/bending of trajectories during space flight. Again, without reading TQA, I'm not seeing much hope.
This sounds way too much like ether and phlogiston.
But don't just say 'it can't be'; that's dogma. Instead, take five, and go to work defining how one would confirm or falsify this idea. I'd dig up old trajectory/force data from NASA. And FFS, TAKE A MOMENT to savor how fun scientific research would become again if it turns out to be true.
PKI can implement information sharing where any of N parties can 'erase' it. It can implement it so that the 'server' can't see or erase the information. It can implement information storage so that any of those parties can search for a checksum or key that servers can search for, but again not read.
Implementation isn't trivial, I don't see any cry for it and thus doubt it's likely, but it's entirely possible.
Frankly, since the NSA and your healthcare providers and credit reporters and social media systems all have a vested interest in having all that crap, I'd wager it'll become a battleground eventually. And then, trivial or not, it'll just be possible: perhaps baked into FOSS if there's a cry for it.
From what I understand (IANA PCI Expert) POS gets the card number less and less.
Some POS magnetic heads now come with encryption literally built into the head elements. The cardswipe heads encrypt card data, then send the encrypted chunk to the card processor. The card processor sends back confirmation data. Newer systems are capable of making it so that the closest that Target gets to your data is a token that is not the card data: it can be reused by the business (adjustments, additional charges if you're at a hotel, that sort of thing), but it only makes sense to the point of sale and the processor: 'We agree that 1555-5555-5555-1515' will map to a card ending in 1515, owned by Jane Doe'.
The cardswipe system has a PKI methodology that enables the processor updating the encryption keys. So, keys are processor-specific, processor controlled. Point of Sale never touches the keys, the card data... they just get little accountant-friendly tokens.
This is pretty new stuff, so it's likely NOT in place at Target.
Please, if I misunderstand this aspect of P2PE, some PCI expert is welcome to fix my understanding.