One day, when the masses wake up to what they have been denied since Messy-DOS 1, he may realise that his monopolistic actions have in fact shot himself in both feet.
Funny you should mention Messy-DOS 1 (earliest version of M$-DOS was 1.25) as 86-DOS had the capability of reading CP/M disks and that feature made to SCP's release of M$-DOS 1.25 after MicroSquat bought 86-DOS from SCP.
N.B. PC-DOS 1.0 was a slightly modified 86-DOS 1.14.
These things have not really been comprehensively explored before.
I beg to differ. A group at Oak Ridge National Labs has been working on this kind of thing for several years now. They were also trying to work on low cost, very low power consumption, self organizing. Their intent was to have the sensors operating in an industrial enviroment and they've done a lot of work optimizing the RF section for minimal susceptibility to interference.
The big draw for industrial users is that adding wiring is expensive and that they hope the sensors will cost about the same as a few inches of wiring (with all of the associated costs).
Similar work has been done for several years in respect to the self healing mine fields - having a bunch of mobile mines that will fill in the gap left when a mine disappears. This also requires low power consumption and self organization.
In practice you'd like a power bus fed by some big central PS that doesn't depend on the computer.
Why not feed the computer off of that same central PS?? 48V may be a good compromise - as it is the standard for Telco's and there are a lot of DC-DC converters with 48V inputs.
'Nudder advantage of that central PS, the AC/DC converter can float charge some batteries (or Ultra-Capacitors) and act as its own UPS. Just doesn't make a whole lot of sense for a UPS to convert DC to AC when that AC is going to be converted back to DC.
The American residential electrical service traces its roots to Edison's Pearl Street station in 1882 - DC at plus/minus 120V. Single phase service simply replaces the +/- with 0/180 degree phases. The 110/220, 115/230 and 120/240 refer to the min/medium/max expected voltages in a residence.
In the US, three phase installations tend to be 120/208 wye connected for office and light industrial and 460 delta connected for the heavier stuff. In Sweden, virtually all houses have three phase delivery, 220/390.
There were some two phase systems in the early days of the electric power industry, typically these are where you need three conductors and where on conductor is at ground potential. The turbo-electric plant on the Lexington and Saratoga (CVA-2 and CVA-3) were two phase since the hull served as the grounded conductor.
As for frequency, the US standardized on 60 Hz as a reaction to Europe standardizing on 50 Hz, although Southern California Edison didn't make the switch until 1947/48. Some communities had 25 Hz power, and one had 133 Hz. DC was available in some cities until very recently. Homes on windmills in the 30's and 40's usually had 32V power which was also used by the majority of US RR passenger cars.
At the moment out of the 2400watts I can pull from a wall socket I'd use about 1800 if every device used its maximum power, and that's extremely unlikely.
What you mean is that you can draw 2400 Volt-Amps from your wall socket (watts = volt-amps x power-factor). If all of your loads are either resistive (incandescant lamps) or have PFC power supplies, then power will equal volt-amps.
The 2400 VA figure implies that you have a 120V 20A circuit, bear in mind that 20A sockets are different from 15A sockets (instead of two straight connections, one looks like a sideways 'T'). Also bear in mind that a 15A socket is only rated for 12A continuous draw (about 1400 VA).
If you're not in an area that follows North American power standards, you'll need to check with a local electrician to see what you can safely draw.
while humble little Linux forms the backbone of the real supercomputers and mainframes of the future: compute clusters built from unreliable, commodity machines.
The jury is still out on that one, you may want to check out the article in the Nov 17 issue of EE Times.
There are certain problems that do no run well on Linux clusters and that will always be the case... Specifically clusters fall down in applications with unpredictable global memory address patterns...
IOW, using a cluster inherently assumes that the problem can be neatly partitioned leading to infrequent memory accesses outside of the local partition. Even then, the interconnect becomes quite a piece of engineering, half of the cost of VA Tech's Big Mac was the Infiniband interconnect. We haven't even begun to talk about cache coherency.
Even with problems that can be partitioned nicely, an expensive shared memory box can be cheaper than the cluster, especially if you have a large and unique application that would have to be re-written to work on a cluster.
As for "Zettabyte disk drives", I think Sun is thinking more of Zettabyte file systems to give them a couple of more decades of headroom. Solaris currently is limited to about 1 Terabyte for a file system (there are some work-arounds). Recall that 86-DOS -er- M$-DOS had a files size limit of 2 GB, which pretty much appeared to be a pipe dream when 86-DOS was written in 1980.
compute clusters built from unreliable, commodity machines sounds like the PR announcements for the IMSAI Hypercube - granted that a Xeon is better suited for numerical analysis than a Z-80...
Presumably Trusted Solaris as opposed to run of the mill Solaris...
One question that I do have is when their IPSec implementation will interoperate with other versions of IPSec without having to bang on the config files for a fortnight?
Well, at least Solaris has a native IPSec - Linux users still need to get and install Free/SWAN (which is a pretty nice implementation).
I mean, yes, you can say that WWII started on September 1st, 1939, but this is really only just the date when Germany attacked Poland. What about the events before? Or after? Yes, there was a war, but when did it begin?
You've made a good point about the start of hostilities not necessarily being the start of war.
As for WWII, my contention is that it started in 1931 when Japan attacked China. The September 1, 1939 date is when Poland was invaded by Germany and the Soviet Union. Then again, Jerry Pournelle terms the period of 1914 to 1991 as the 70 year war.
If I'd had mod points, the parent post would definitely get a +1, insightful from me.
Back in the early 70's, there were a few souls who actually purchased DEC PDP's and DG Nova's for home use. Starting price was about 10 grand, which was almost enough to buy a brand new Cessna.
Anyway, here's my list of the 10 most interesting machines.
#1 HP-35 - probably the most radical step in personal hardware for scientists and engineers.
#2 PDP-11 - which begat RSX-11 and UNIX, Gary Kildall morphed RSX-11 into CP/M and Tim Patterson borrowed some stuff from UNIX to morph CP/M into QDOS/86-DOS/MS-DOS.
#3 Compucolor - don't recall the model#, but it was the most memorable machine from the Apr 1977 West Coast Computer Faire - much more so than something called an "Apple".
#4 IMSAI Hypercube - what's all this talk about clusters of commodity hardware being a new idea???
#5 Seattle Computer 8086 - first 8086 micro, the machine that first ran QDOS and MS-Basic for the 8086.
#6 Sage 68000 - first "high-performance" micro.
#7 Compaq Deskpro 386 - the machine that made IBM irrelevant in defining the "PC" standard.
#8 MacIntosh II - the first "non-toy" Mac.
#9 The Grid machine - IIRC, the first PC laptop (apologies to the Tandy Model 100).
#10 Sun Sparcstation - the first RISC system sold in large quantity.
This list would not be complete without mentioning the Intel 1103 - the very first DRAM. Microcomputers as we know then today would not have been possible without cheap memory.
There are no general public usage of supraconductors,
Magnetic Resonance Imaging???
Main reasons for no general use of superconductors are that: 1) Liquid He requires a fair amount of care to handle and a shitload of insulation to keep the boil-off rates reasonable; 2) HTc superconductors aren't ready for prime-time (typically not ductile enough).
The only major breakthrough that could plausibly make its way into our day-to-day lives is hydrogen fuel cells.
There have been some major changes in power electronics in the last decade - which is something that will make fuel cells a lot more usefull. Variable speed motor drives can be made a lot cheaper now than even ten years ago - these can lead to improved efficiency of refrigeration equipment - which is the biggest load for the electric grid.
...I want my Sun Operton systems to have a real OBP.
I'd second that motion and follow it up with getting more Graphics/Disk controller/General I/O cards with Open Firmware out to the market.
It would be even nicer if the device support for the Opteron boxes makes it back to the Sparc boxes. It would also be really nice if Sun expanded the USB and 1394 hardware that is supported by Solaris - they'll need that if they're serious about selling Opteron's to the masses.
B-58, XB-70?? What about the A-12/YF-12/SR-71 (the SR-71 being the plane that came after the R/S-70 AKA the XB-70)?? There was a proposal to turn the B-58 weapons pod into a small passenger cabin - though I don't think it would have been my idea of comfy.
The B-58, SR-71 and Concorde are the only Western aircraft that were designed for supersonic cruise and that were produced in quantity. The B-1B was capable of supersonic flight, but was not intended for supersonic cruise.
The Lockheed SST proposal was based in a small way on the experience with the SR-71, and not taking the hit in performance due to the stealth features on the SR-71.
Instead of a 2003 version of the Concorde, it would be very interesting to see what could be done with a scale-up of the F-22, which is capable of Mach 1.3-1.4 without afterburners. Careful design, coupled with liquid methane fuel and we might get transpacific range - Mach 1.4 for L.A. to Sydney would be quite a time saver.
With my youngest son being sick, we've been watching quite a slice of Disney work. We watched Snow White this morning - Monster's Inc (one of the Pixar releases) last night.
The hand drawn stuff does have something not present with CG, especially the pre-WWII work. Especially pertinent that I had the chance of meeting Ward Kimball on a couple of occasions - he was someone that a lot of geeks could have learned valuable lessons from.
Be careful what you wish for - regulation has its ups and downs, but I'm pretty sure I don't opt for NO regulation.
Hmmm, I'm in agreement with you on that.
No regulation on VoIP - for starters the "Do Not Call List" wouldn't apply to VoIP customers. No recourse for obscene or harassing phone calls. No recourse for billing problems.
I think the VoIP companies are ripping off the public if they get 911 service without paying the 911 taxes.
Based on past history, Sun will support both their preferred distro of Linux and Solaris. Sun has more to gain from supporting Solaris on the x86-64 than Linux.
BTW, Sun's website had directions on how to set up dual boot Solaris/Linux on a Sun Blade.
I've seen many of the articles on the Inq about Sun and the Opteron - kind of brain dead of/. to point to the CNET article...
Perhaps the most important thing for Sun is to keep software vendors supporting Solaris - especially 64 bit Solaris. Hardware isn't worth much without useful software and having a large market for Solaris x86-64 software can be beneficial for teh Sparc market. The effort of porting from x86-64 to Sparc and back should be pretty small.
One of the chief selling points for Solaris is threading, which allows properly written applications to take advantage of multiple processors. Interestingly, both the Opteron and US-IIIi are easier to use in 4-way boxes than the Xeon.
I'm also guessing that Sun has been waiting for a decent availability of 2 GB DIMM's for the Opteron and US-IIIi - 8 GB per processor is definitely getting out of Intel (read Dell) territory and at prices in the same order of magnitude as Dell.
I would guess they could sue you and whoever sold you the device (depends on who had more money). You would probably want to check your insurance policy to make sure that you'ld be covered.
There's also a chance that you could be prosecuted for manslaughter - just ask the idiot who started a signal fire when he got lost a week and a half ago...
Is that information stored specifically on the computer's hard drive or just info stored on the computer (e.g. RAM). NFS allows for users' preferences to be stored on a remote storage system, the preferences removed from said computer (usually by turning power off) and the user can go to a new computer and download the preferences.
Ummm.
Silly me - I forgot one slight detail - NFS does this automatically - the patent requires a technician to activate the transfer.
Re:Semi-realtime satellite image of fire status
on
Online Fire Tracking?
·
· Score: 1
The SignOnSanDiego site is passable as far as information and is a bit better than the 8/10/39 websites. There is a lot of room for improvement.
My biggest complaint is that the site takes a long time to load - too fsck'ing many ads when dealing with emergencies. I'd like to see a much leaner site with a short update on the fire and a link to the full blown website. What I'd really like to see is a much more detailed map showing where the firelines are in close to real time - the fire maps on the website's were way too general for my taste - would have liked something more like the map that appeared in the Monday edition of the UnionTrib.
Kind of weird with most companies respecting Murphy's request to shut down today - took my daughter to school this morning and the traffic on I-5 was flowing smoothly past Birmingham at 8:10AM.
I do think Paul Bloom deserves a few kudo's for his performance yesterday - repeatedly giving very specific advice about when and how to prepare for evacuation - very reminiscent of when he siged off the 11PM newscast on the day of the PSA crash in 1978.
* NFS. While I have no quantitative data, I would bet you $100 that Solaris x86 NFS stomps Linux.
Kind of funny that a reasonably well documented protocol has not been properly implemented on Linux - then again, the philosophy underlying NIS/NFS is somewhat foreign to Linux.
There are a few things in userland that work better in Solaris than Linux. Xsun has true PostScript code and will correctly render files that don't render on Linux. sdtimage has a much more intuitive interface for cropping an printing than any of the common Linux picture utils. My experience with dtterm has been happier than any of the terms on Linux.
I also have a bone to pick with the author of the review -/opt is a Good Thing. Putting all of the non-system applications in/usr/local is simply asking for an administrative nightmare. For people complaining about how dated CDE is, putting stuff in/usr/local is even worse.
What right does UC have to "own" this name, paid for by the public? And if UC has a right to "own" such names, can other government braches do the same?
By "UC" are you referring to the University of Chicago or the University of California???;-)
IIRC, the U of Chicago was founded about 1850 and the U of Calif in 1868 (Bezerkeley campus founded in 1873), which gives the U of Chicago precedence with the "UC" name. IIRC, trademarks often have very specific descriptions as far as fonts used, colors, etc.
At one time UCSD Extension offered concurrent enrollment which allowed taking a normal UCSD class as an extension class - did that with Math 2b,2c and 2e in '71-'72. Hmmmm.
to see if DMCA really has merit in the courts. This is so nutty its unbelievable.
That may be precisely what Felten was thinking with this one.
Recall that the sticking point with the DeCSS cases was that the source code is not consistently considered "speech" as the code is intended for consumption by a computer program. The circumvention in this case is clearly intended for a real live person to be used and therefor is speech. In that case, enforcement of the DMCA is in direct violation of the First Amendment.
Slashdot Mirror
Funny you should mention Messy-DOS 1 (earliest version of M$-DOS was 1.25) as 86-DOS had the capability of reading CP/M disks and that feature made to SCP's release of M$-DOS 1.25 after MicroSquat bought 86-DOS from SCP.
N.B. PC-DOS 1.0 was a slightly modified 86-DOS 1.14.
Ummm, no. Cooling slows down the electrons, which reduces the uncertainty in their momentum and thereby increases the uncertainty in their position.
Ben Franklin.
There are some cases where current flow is from positive to negative, where the charge carriers are positive ions.
I beg to differ. A group at Oak Ridge National Labs has been working on this kind of thing for several years now. They were also trying to work on low cost, very low power consumption, self organizing. Their intent was to have the sensors operating in an industrial enviroment and they've done a lot of work optimizing the RF section for minimal susceptibility to interference.
The big draw for industrial users is that adding wiring is expensive and that they hope the sensors will cost about the same as a few inches of wiring (with all of the associated costs).
Similar work has been done for several years in respect to the self healing mine fields - having a bunch of mobile mines that will fill in the gap left when a mine disappears. This also requires low power consumption and self organization.
Why not feed the computer off of that same central PS?? 48V may be a good compromise - as it is the standard for Telco's and there are a lot of DC-DC converters with 48V inputs.
'Nudder advantage of that central PS, the AC/DC converter can float charge some batteries (or Ultra-Capacitors) and act as its own UPS. Just doesn't make a whole lot of sense for a UPS to convert DC to AC when that AC is going to be converted back to DC.
In the US, three phase installations tend to be 120/208 wye connected for office and light industrial and 460 delta connected for the heavier stuff. In Sweden, virtually all houses have three phase delivery, 220/390.
There were some two phase systems in the early days of the electric power industry, typically these are where you need three conductors and where on conductor is at ground potential. The turbo-electric plant on the Lexington and Saratoga (CVA-2 and CVA-3) were two phase since the hull served as the grounded conductor.
As for frequency, the US standardized on 60 Hz as a reaction to Europe standardizing on 50 Hz, although Southern California Edison didn't make the switch until 1947/48. Some communities had 25 Hz power, and one had 133 Hz. DC was available in some cities until very recently. Homes on windmills in the 30's and 40's usually had 32V power which was also used by the majority of US RR passenger cars.
What you mean is that you can draw 2400 Volt-Amps from your wall socket (watts = volt-amps x power-factor). If all of your loads are either resistive (incandescant lamps) or have PFC power supplies, then power will equal volt-amps.
The 2400 VA figure implies that you have a 120V 20A circuit, bear in mind that 20A sockets are different from 15A sockets (instead of two straight connections, one looks like a sideways 'T'). Also bear in mind that a 15A socket is only rated for 12A continuous draw (about 1400 VA).
If you're not in an area that follows North American power standards, you'll need to check with a local electrician to see what you can safely draw.
No-o-o-o!!!!!
Don't you that hundreds of people have been killed by airbags? That the #1 reason for not putting kids in the front seat is the airbag?.
We'd be much better off with well designed seatbelts.
The jury is still out on that one, you may want to check out the article in the Nov 17 issue of EE Times.
IOW, using a cluster inherently assumes that the problem can be neatly partitioned leading to infrequent memory accesses outside of the local partition. Even then, the interconnect becomes quite a piece of engineering, half of the cost of VA Tech's Big Mac was the Infiniband interconnect. We haven't even begun to talk about cache coherency.Even with problems that can be partitioned nicely, an expensive shared memory box can be cheaper than the cluster, especially if you have a large and unique application that would have to be re-written to work on a cluster.
As for "Zettabyte disk drives", I think Sun is thinking more of Zettabyte file systems to give them a couple of more decades of headroom. Solaris currently is limited to about 1 Terabyte for a file system (there are some work-arounds). Recall that 86-DOS -er- M$-DOS had a files size limit of 2 GB, which pretty much appeared to be a pipe dream when 86-DOS was written in 1980.
compute clusters built from unreliable, commodity machines sounds like the PR announcements for the IMSAI Hypercube - granted that a Xeon is better suited for numerical analysis than a Z-80...
One question that I do have is when their IPSec implementation will interoperate with other versions of IPSec without having to bang on the config files for a fortnight?
Well, at least Solaris has a native IPSec - Linux users still need to get and install Free/SWAN (which is a pretty nice implementation).
You've made a good point about the start of hostilities not necessarily being the start of war.
As for WWII, my contention is that it started in 1931 when Japan attacked China. The September 1, 1939 date is when Poland was invaded by Germany and the Soviet Union. Then again, Jerry Pournelle terms the period of 1914 to 1991 as the 70 year war.
Back in the early 70's, there were a few souls who actually purchased DEC PDP's and DG Nova's for home use. Starting price was about 10 grand, which was almost enough to buy a brand new Cessna.
Anyway, here's my list of the 10 most interesting machines.
#1 HP-35 - probably the most radical step in personal hardware for scientists and engineers.
#2 PDP-11 - which begat RSX-11 and UNIX, Gary Kildall morphed RSX-11 into CP/M and Tim Patterson borrowed some stuff from UNIX to morph CP/M into QDOS/86-DOS/MS-DOS.
#3 Compucolor - don't recall the model#, but it was the most memorable machine from the Apr 1977 West Coast Computer Faire - much more so than something called an "Apple".
#4 IMSAI Hypercube - what's all this talk about clusters of commodity hardware being a new idea???
#5 Seattle Computer 8086 - first 8086 micro, the machine that first ran QDOS and MS-Basic for the 8086.
#6 Sage 68000 - first "high-performance" micro.
#7 Compaq Deskpro 386 - the machine that made IBM irrelevant in defining the "PC" standard.
#8 MacIntosh II - the first "non-toy" Mac.
#9 The Grid machine - IIRC, the first PC laptop (apologies to the Tandy Model 100).
#10 Sun Sparcstation - the first RISC system sold in large quantity.
This list would not be complete without mentioning the Intel 1103 - the very first DRAM. Microcomputers as we know then today would not have been possible without cheap memory.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging???
Main reasons for no general use of superconductors are that: 1) Liquid He requires a fair amount of care to handle and a shitload of insulation to keep the boil-off rates reasonable; 2) HTc superconductors aren't ready for prime-time (typically not ductile enough).
The only major breakthrough that could plausibly make its way into our day-to-day lives is hydrogen fuel cells.
There have been some major changes in power electronics in the last decade - which is something that will make fuel cells a lot more usefull. Variable speed motor drives can be made a lot cheaper now than even ten years ago - these can lead to improved efficiency of refrigeration equipment - which is the biggest load for the electric grid.
I'd second that motion and follow it up with getting more Graphics/Disk controller/General I/O cards with Open Firmware out to the market.
It would be even nicer if the device support for the Opteron boxes makes it back to the Sparc boxes. It would also be really nice if Sun expanded the USB and 1394 hardware that is supported by Solaris - they'll need that if they're serious about selling Opteron's to the masses.
The B-58, SR-71 and Concorde are the only Western aircraft that were designed for supersonic cruise and that were produced in quantity. The B-1B was capable of supersonic flight, but was not intended for supersonic cruise.
The Lockheed SST proposal was based in a small way on the experience with the SR-71, and not taking the hit in performance due to the stealth features on the SR-71.
Instead of a 2003 version of the Concorde, it would be very interesting to see what could be done with a scale-up of the F-22, which is capable of Mach 1.3-1.4 without afterburners. Careful design, coupled with liquid methane fuel and we might get transpacific range - Mach 1.4 for L.A. to Sydney would be quite a time saver.
The hand drawn stuff does have something not present with CG, especially the pre-WWII work. Especially pertinent that I had the chance of meeting Ward Kimball on a couple of occasions - he was someone that a lot of geeks could have learned valuable lessons from.
Hmmm, I'm in agreement with you on that.
No regulation on VoIP - for starters the "Do Not Call List" wouldn't apply to VoIP customers. No recourse for obscene or harassing phone calls. No recourse for billing problems.
I think the VoIP companies are ripping off the public if they get 911 service without paying the 911 taxes.
BTW, Sun's website had directions on how to set up dual boot Solaris/Linux on a Sun Blade.
Perhaps the most important thing for Sun is to keep software vendors supporting Solaris - especially 64 bit Solaris. Hardware isn't worth much without useful software and having a large market for Solaris x86-64 software can be beneficial for teh Sparc market. The effort of porting from x86-64 to Sparc and back should be pretty small.
One of the chief selling points for Solaris is threading, which allows properly written applications to take advantage of multiple processors. Interestingly, both the Opteron and US-IIIi are easier to use in 4-way boxes than the Xeon.
I'm also guessing that Sun has been waiting for a decent availability of 2 GB DIMM's for the Opteron and US-IIIi - 8 GB per processor is definitely getting out of Intel (read Dell) territory and at prices in the same order of magnitude as Dell.
I would guess they could sue you and whoever sold you the device (depends on who had more money). You would probably want to check your insurance policy to make sure that you'ld be covered.
There's also a chance that you could be prosecuted for manslaughter - just ask the idiot who started a signal fire when he got lost a week and a half ago...
Is that information stored specifically on the computer's hard drive or just info stored on the computer (e.g. RAM). NFS allows for users' preferences to be stored on a remote storage system, the preferences removed from said computer (usually by turning power off) and the user can go to a new computer and download the preferences.
Ummm.
Silly me - I forgot one slight detail - NFS does this automatically - the patent requires a technician to activate the transfer.
My biggest complaint is that the site takes a long time to load - too fsck'ing many ads when dealing with emergencies. I'd like to see a much leaner site with a short update on the fire and a link to the full blown website. What I'd really like to see is a much more detailed map showing where the firelines are in close to real time - the fire maps on the website's were way too general for my taste - would have liked something more like the map that appeared in the Monday edition of the UnionTrib.
Kind of weird with most companies respecting Murphy's request to shut down today - took my daughter to school this morning and the traffic on I-5 was flowing smoothly past Birmingham at 8:10AM.
I do think Paul Bloom deserves a few kudo's for his performance yesterday - repeatedly giving very specific advice about when and how to prepare for evacuation - very reminiscent of when he siged off the 11PM newscast on the day of the PSA crash in 1978.
Kind of funny that a reasonably well documented protocol has not been properly implemented on Linux - then again, the philosophy underlying NIS/NFS is somewhat foreign to Linux.
There are a few things in userland that work better in Solaris than Linux. Xsun has true PostScript code and will correctly render files that don't render on Linux. sdtimage has a much more intuitive interface for cropping an printing than any of the common Linux picture utils. My experience with dtterm has been happier than any of the terms on Linux.
I also have a bone to pick with the author of the review -
By "UC" are you referring to the University of Chicago or the University of California??? ;-)
IIRC, the U of Chicago was founded about 1850 and the U of Calif in 1868 (Bezerkeley campus founded in 1873), which gives the U of Chicago precedence with the "UC" name. IIRC, trademarks often have very specific descriptions as far as fonts used, colors, etc.
At one time UCSD Extension offered concurrent enrollment which allowed taking a normal UCSD class as an extension class - did that with Math 2b,2c and 2e in '71-'72. Hmmmm.
That may be precisely what Felten was thinking with this one.
Recall that the sticking point with the DeCSS cases was that the source code is not consistently considered "speech" as the code is intended for consumption by a computer program. The circumvention in this case is clearly intended for a real live person to be used and therefor is speech. In that case, enforcement of the DMCA is in direct violation of the First Amendment.