A 16 bit control register is used to provide 65532 possible downlink data rates, from a minimum of 6.3578 bps to a maximum of 104.167 kbps. The relation between control word setting n and the data rate is BitRate = (5 MHz) / (12 * (n + 1)) where n is between 3 and 65536, inclusive. The fine spacing of data rates about the expected post-encounter playback rate of 1 kbps gives the mission operations team a great deal of flexibility to take advantage of late improvements in the space segment and ground segment system performance.
The "improvements" to which they refer would likely be in coding techniques developed after the New Horizons design was frozen (or after its last software update) or, less likely, improvements in the noise temperature or antenna gain of NASA's Deep Space Network receiving system.
So they expect to have a data rate of approximately 1 kbps, want at least 600 bps, and can use down to 6.3578 bps if absolutely necessary.
While it's not general-purpose, there is Ham radio Science Citizen Investigation, "a platform for the publicity and promotion of projects that are consistent with the following objectives:
Advance scientific research and understanding through amateur radio activities;
Encourage the development of new technologies to support this research; and
Provide educational opportunities for the amateur community and the general public."
If you are looking for a more universal organization, you might look at this organization's means and methods for some ideas.
Keep in mind that AA, AAA, etc. refers only to the mechanical specification of the battery, and says exactly nothing about its electrical specifications. One can put any chemistry one likes in a AA package and call it a AA battery.
One of the more difficult things about designing portable, battery-powered devices is the difficulty of designing the electronics to provide a good user experience regardless of what battery chemistry the user puts in -- Alkaline, C-Zn, Ni-Cd, Ni-MH, etc. -- each of which has different voltage discharge curves, internal series resistance behavior, temperature performance, shelf life, etc. Being able to control battery performance and, therefore, user experience, is one of the main reasons designers make batteries non-replaceable.
Google is exploiting its search dominance to steer consumers to its travel service.
This is the problem. Having one's own travel service, and driving search customers to it, rather than treating all travel services equally in search query results and letting the customer decide which to use, without preference or bias.
This is a common business tactic of monopolies -- using dominance in one field to dominate another. Remember the flap about Microsoft using its dominance in PC operating systems to attempt to dominate the web browser market? It's that kind of thing.
The trouble with opportunity is that it always comes disguised as hard work. -- Herbert V. Prochnow
The hard work they did was not imposed upon them by the university, or their professors. Almost universally, it came from home, in the form of a strong patriotic belief that they needed to work hard to protect their country from foreign invasion (by returning home to a defense company job as quickly as possible), or strong family pressure to finish ASAP in order to limit the financial burden on their extended family, who were funding their education.
In general, to the foreign students the Ph.D. seemed to invoke a much higher level of status on the recipient -- whether in business or in personal interaction -- than it did to the US-born students. To the US-born students it was substantially just another degree (albeit the terminal degree in the field), but to the foreign students that was absolutely not the case. As a result, the foreign students worked much harder than the US-born students.
When I was in EE grad school, back in the early 1980s, I was one of six US-born EE graduate students, out of 102 grad students at my major state university. When a friend of mine went through the same program in the late 1980s, he was the only US-born Ph.D. candidate in the same EE department.
As a rule, the foreign-born graduate students with which I was familiar were smarter than I was and worked like dogs, frequently sleeping in the lab to avoid wasting the time needed to travel back to married student housing. They had and have my complete respect.
Actually, no, it's not. Creating a list of all of my comments -- and only my comments -- in the order they were submitted is not really practical with Google, at least AFAIK.
This is the oldest comment of mine that I could find (20 December 2008). I would really like to read some of the earlier ones -- how does one do that? It's like there is a maximum of 49 pages in one's user account . . . .
That's the part I don't get: Drones with which I am familiar need to be lightweight in order to fly -- especially to any significant altitude -- since their rotor area is so small, and have real difficulty attaining forward speed of any significance (also per design, since they need to stay within visual range of a person on the ground, and are usually used to take video, which becomes gut-wrenching if the platform moves rapidly). That means there's precious little metal in them, and certainly not enough mass to dent an aluminum panel, even one traveling at 150 kt. How does a drone hit the *side* of a forward-moving helicopter with enough speed to dent the helicopter?
Now, an R/C plane is another matter. It's traveling at a significant speed, and frequently has a petrol engine as the first thing to strike something. Still, it's incredibly difficult -- due to depth perception, even if one ignores the other problems of pursuit -- to hit an object flying at 1000 feet or more at 150 kt with an R/C plane.
I just wonder if we're creating some sort of urban myth by accepting the premise that these strikes are due to drones, when there's actually no physical evidence that they are -- just the lack of physical evidence of anything else that we can think of. Perhaps the real cause is something else, and what we're really demonstrating is a lack of imagination.
You seem a knowledgeable person. How would the helicopter pilot know -- cruising at night at, I assume, 150 kt -- that he hit a civilian drone, instead of almost anything else (bird, bat, escaped weather balloon payload, some jetsam dropped by another aircraft, [insert your random rare event here], etc.)?
Rotor blades are expensive, stressed and delicate.
Things must have changed since the UH-1 ("Huey") helicopter days of Vietnam. It was SOP for pilots to cut down saplings and small trees with the Huey's rotors as needed to reach tight LZs. (See, e.g., Robert Mason's Chickenhawk, or almost any former pilot of the age.)
Is it really true that one can force a multi-million-dollar military helicopter to the ground by hitting it with a consumer drone, which is largely plastic and Styrofoam?
How do they know it was a civilian drone? Did they recover the wreckage?
I'm pretty sure Philo T. Farnsworth wasn't the guy who invented TV, though.
Nobody claims that he did. However, he did invent electrically scanned TV, which was a big advance over the Nipkow disk and other mechanically scanned TV schemes that came before him -- including those of John Logie Baird.
This, although Clear Channel changed its name to iHeartMedia in 2014. The Telecommunications Act of 1996, which allowed individual entities to own far more broadcast stations than before -- as well as cross-ownership of media -- led to the homogenization of the radio bands: The stations in each format all sound the same, wherever one goes in the country, since they're substantially all owned by one owner, and there is substantially zero innovation in either programming or technology.
Indeed. Truer words were never spoken. One may think, but one never actually knows, how close one is to failure until it actually occurs. Failures are, therefore, the only events from which one can learn.
. . . and so have my businesses. Early and often. I think the reason I have had success is that I know the difference between success and failure, and learn from the latter to get the former.
One thing that always bewilders US tourists visiting large cities in Spain is that the posted hours at the typical restaurant has it closing at 5 PM, then reopening at 8 PM.
Conversely, one can always tell if a restaurant caters to tourists: If it's open at 6 PM, it's not catering to the locals!
The "someone" that agreed to fire Nixon's Special Prosecutor was Robert Bork, who is more well-known these days as President Reagan's nominee to the post of Associate Justice of SCOTUS in 1987.
The EPA is no longer about clear air and water. It's about punishing the political enemies of the elite.
I hear this a lot, but it's always without attribution or explanation. Specifically, what exactly does the EPA do that "punishes the political enemies of the elite"?
Slashdot Mirror
One of the system requirements of the New Horizons telecommunication system is a minimum post-encounter end-of-playback data rate of 600 bps. From "The RF Telecommunications System for the New Horizons Mission to Pluto":
The "improvements" to which they refer would likely be in coding techniques developed after the New Horizons design was frozen (or after its last software update) or, less likely, improvements in the noise temperature or antenna gain of NASA's Deep Space Network receiving system.
So they expect to have a data rate of approximately 1 kbps, want at least 600 bps, and can use down to 6.3578 bps if absolutely necessary.
Nah. The emacs vs. vi argument will be the start of WWIII -- or maybe the indentation style debate.
While it's not general-purpose, there is Ham radio Science Citizen Investigation, "a platform for the publicity and promotion of projects that are consistent with the following objectives:
Advance scientific research and understanding through amateur radio activities;
Encourage the development of new technologies to support this research; and
Provide educational opportunities for the amateur community and the general public."
If you are looking for a more universal organization, you might look at this organization's means and methods for some ideas.
Keep in mind that AA, AAA, etc. refers only to the mechanical specification of the battery, and says exactly nothing about its electrical specifications. One can put any chemistry one likes in a AA package and call it a AA battery.
One of the more difficult things about designing portable, battery-powered devices is the difficulty of designing the electronics to provide a good user experience regardless of what battery chemistry the user puts in -- Alkaline, C-Zn, Ni-Cd, Ni-MH, etc. -- each of which has different voltage discharge curves, internal series resistance behavior, temperature performance, shelf life, etc. Being able to control battery performance and, therefore, user experience, is one of the main reasons designers make batteries non-replaceable.
I guess I should write longer comments.
Google is exploiting its search dominance to steer consumers to its travel service.
This is the problem. Having one's own travel service, and driving search customers to it, rather than treating all travel services equally in search query results and letting the customer decide which to use, without preference or bias.
This is a common business tactic of monopolies -- using dominance in one field to dominate another. Remember the flap about Microsoft using its dominance in PC operating systems to attempt to dominate the web browser market? It's that kind of thing.
I guess "Don't be evil" is now completely by the wayside.
Oh, yeah, I guess it is, at least for Alphabet.
The trouble with opportunity is that it always comes disguised as hard work. -- Herbert V. Prochnow
The hard work they did was not imposed upon them by the university, or their professors. Almost universally, it came from home, in the form of a strong patriotic belief that they needed to work hard to protect their country from foreign invasion (by returning home to a defense company job as quickly as possible), or strong family pressure to finish ASAP in order to limit the financial burden on their extended family, who were funding their education.
In general, to the foreign students the Ph.D. seemed to invoke a much higher level of status on the recipient -- whether in business or in personal interaction -- than it did to the US-born students. To the US-born students it was substantially just another degree (albeit the terminal degree in the field), but to the foreign students that was absolutely not the case. As a result, the foreign students worked much harder than the US-born students.
When I was in EE grad school, back in the early 1980s, I was one of six US-born EE graduate students, out of 102 grad students at my major state university. When a friend of mine went through the same program in the late 1980s, he was the only US-born Ph.D. candidate in the same EE department.
As a rule, the foreign-born graduate students with which I was familiar were smarter than I was and worked like dogs, frequently sleeping in the lab to avoid wasting the time needed to travel back to married student housing. They had and have my complete respect.
stop dreaming of being a video produce.
And here I was, thinking this guy's fantasy was to be lettuce in a TV documentary.
Pretty easy with Google search...
Actually, no, it's not. Creating a list of all of my comments -- and only my comments -- in the order they were submitted is not really practical with Google, at least AFAIK.
Here's one of yours from 3/16/2006
What? The link doesn't have any of my comments.
This is the oldest comment of mine that I could find (20 December 2008). I would really like to read some of the earlier ones -- how does one do that? It's like there is a maximum of 49 pages in one's user account . . . .
That's the part I don't get: Drones with which I am familiar need to be lightweight in order to fly -- especially to any significant altitude -- since their rotor area is so small, and have real difficulty attaining forward speed of any significance (also per design, since they need to stay within visual range of a person on the ground, and are usually used to take video, which becomes gut-wrenching if the platform moves rapidly). That means there's precious little metal in them, and certainly not enough mass to dent an aluminum panel, even one traveling at 150 kt. How does a drone hit the *side* of a forward-moving helicopter with enough speed to dent the helicopter?
Now, an R/C plane is another matter. It's traveling at a significant speed, and frequently has a petrol engine as the first thing to strike something. Still, it's incredibly difficult -- due to depth perception, even if one ignores the other problems of pursuit -- to hit an object flying at 1000 feet or more at 150 kt with an R/C plane.
I just wonder if we're creating some sort of urban myth by accepting the premise that these strikes are due to drones, when there's actually no physical evidence that they are -- just the lack of physical evidence of anything else that we can think of. Perhaps the real cause is something else, and what we're really demonstrating is a lack of imagination.
Thank you.
You seem a knowledgeable person. How would the helicopter pilot know -- cruising at night at, I assume, 150 kt -- that he hit a civilian drone, instead of almost anything else (bird, bat, escaped weather balloon payload, some jetsam dropped by another aircraft, [insert your random rare event here], etc.)?
from Friday night through ~5PM Sunday
Perhaps, but TFA says that the collision occurred on Thursday night.
Rotor blades are expensive, stressed and delicate.
Things must have changed since the UH-1 ("Huey") helicopter days of Vietnam. It was SOP for pilots to cut down saplings and small trees with the Huey's rotors as needed to reach tight LZs. (See, e.g., Robert Mason's Chickenhawk , or almost any former pilot of the age.)
Is it really true that one can force a multi-million-dollar military helicopter to the ground by hitting it with a consumer drone, which is largely plastic and Styrofoam?
How do they know it was a civilian drone? Did they recover the wreckage?
I'm pretty sure Philo T. Farnsworth wasn't the guy who invented TV, though.
Nobody claims that he did. However, he did invent electrically scanned TV, which was a big advance over the Nipkow disk and other mechanically scanned TV schemes that came before him -- including those of John Logie Baird.
This, although Clear Channel changed its name to iHeartMedia in 2014. The Telecommunications Act of 1996, which allowed individual entities to own far more broadcast stations than before -- as well as cross-ownership of media -- led to the homogenization of the radio bands: The stations in each format all sound the same, wherever one goes in the country, since they're substantially all owned by one owner, and there is substantially zero innovation in either programming or technology.
Indeed. Truer words were never spoken. One may think, but one never actually knows, how close one is to failure until it actually occurs. Failures are, therefore, the only events from which one can learn.
. . . and so have my businesses. Early and often. I think the reason I have had success is that I know the difference between success and failure, and learn from the latter to get the former.
Still not sure about this "pivoting," though.
One thing that always bewilders US tourists visiting large cities in Spain is that the posted hours at the typical restaurant has it closing at 5 PM, then reopening at 8 PM.
Conversely, one can always tell if a restaurant caters to tourists: If it's open at 6 PM, it's not catering to the locals!
Change today means "making everything worse". Without exceptions.
Welcome to aging. With me it happened in my late 30s, but YMMV.
I used to wonder why old people were so grumpy all the time. Now I know.
Well, now we know where the user experience experts that invented the ribbon went after they were fired from Microsoft.
They were fired, weren't they?
It was the "Saturday Night Massacre."
The "someone" that agreed to fire Nixon's Special Prosecutor was Robert Bork, who is more well-known these days as President Reagan's nominee to the post of Associate Justice of SCOTUS in 1987.
The EPA is no longer about clear air and water. It's about punishing the political enemies of the elite.
I hear this a lot, but it's always without attribution or explanation. Specifically, what exactly does the EPA do that "punishes the political enemies of the elite"?