OK - so if you in the US have to force your "3 strikes" baseball metaphors on the rest of the world it's only fair that we make you call this one "6 balls and it's over" using a similar cricket metaphor - despite the, um, unfortunate cultural double meaning of the expression in the US
well a cpu with a 1GHz clock has 1nS to process data between flops - yes it's a bit like laying out microwave stuff -but in the very small - what happens is that it all starts with some layout person/people creating a standard cell library, they'll use spice to simulate and characterise their results - they'll pass this to the synthesis/layout tool makes a good first guess, they'll add in some fudge factor - then a timing tool looks at the 3d layout and extracts real timing, including parasitics to everything in 3-space around a wire - they check - does the timing from every flop to every other flop through every possible path meet both setup and hold times for the destination flop - if it does you're golden, tape it out - if not tweak something or resynthsise a block with tighter constraints etc etc
There is very complex delay analysis done - in all corners of the underlying fab process - automated layouts seldom look "pretty" at least from the point of hand done boards
Looking closely I see a bunch of ram - probably half laid out by hand (caches) - and a many may small standard cell blocks almost certainly not laid out by hand - what I don't see is an obviously hand laid out datapath (the first part of your CPU you spend layout engineers on) - look for that diagonal where the barrel shifter(s) would be. There are some very regular structures (8 vertically) that I suspect are register blocks.
Still what I see is probably someone managing timing by synthesizing small std cell blocks (not by hand), laying those blocks out by hand then letting their router hook them up on a second pass - - it's probably a great way to spend a little extra time guiding your tools into doing a better job to squeeze that extra 20% out of your timing budget and give you a greater gate density (and lower resulting wire delays)
So - a little bit of stuff being done by hand but almost all the gates being lait out by machine
I've worked as a logic monkey building CPUs in the past - this is SOP in our world - we'd boot linux on our hardware on the verilog simulator as part of our QA - 2 hours is nothing.....
It's not even a new idea 20 years ago I used to port Unix for a living (no linux yet), when the early RISCs came out they came with architectural simulators, while waiting for real silicon we'd spend the time bringing the kernel (and compiler) up
Jan 1st the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act came into effect - Apple didn't do this because of This American Life, they've been brought kicking and screaming to this point by the politicians and public opinion in general
Don't forget you're paying for all the people trying to break into your household - a friend here in NZ noticed he kept going over his paltry 1/2Gb cap - turned out 1/3 of his traffic was from other machines (mostly on the same ISP) trying to break into his.
I used to regularly buy a CD or two a week, but all the good local music stores have closed leaving chain stores full of pap - if I don't regularly browse I'm just not going to buy.
Sure I could buy on line but I really don't get the opportunity to find new stuff that interests me Pandora doesn't stream outside the US and besides buying from Amazon from outside the US is really expensive - and of course one can't buy from iTunes from a linux box because of Apple's lousy support
Years ago, in my first job out of college, i was tasked to do just this - I spent a day wandering around town looking in hardware stores - a lot of the old guys behind the counter would snigger and make a smart comment - it wasn't until the end of the day I realised that "do you have any small vices" might have another meaning....
Just last month I found myself at the local big box hardware store looking for - you guessed it - looking for a small vice.... with a wonderfuil sense of deja-vu I got to pop the question - the young whipper-snapper there didn't even blink and took me to the aisle with the vices - kids these days, just oblivious
I've always been a big fan of recycling but recently I've realized that recycling newspaper is probably wrong - it drives down the cost of wood pulp at a time when we ought to be providing economic incentives for people to plant more trees. We're better off sequestering its carbon - down some old coal mines or the equivalent - yes I know there are issues with methane and land fills but I see those as being things that one can spend some money on researching technological solutions for not just a reason for rejecting the idea out of hand.
Well to be fair he's a nutter, part of a right wing party that seems to have jumped the shark at this point, he was the proponent of our '3 strikes' legislation - when this was announced in parliament today there were shouts of "strike two".
The main reason why the government started doing that in 2005 was because we had discovered that Israeli spies had been doing exactly that thing, getting fake NZ passports using the birth certificates of dead babies - the police went back through the records to hunt down any such passports, to cancel them to protect our citizens traveling abroad.
You don't understand - virtual humans can be tailored to your every need... in this case Microsoft is hemorrhaging customers - this way they can create their own who wont depart the sinking ship.... billions and billions of virtual customers running in spare cycles on the cloud, very very cheap, and they never report bugs....
I think you're misinformed about how such things work. Here in New Zealand we use something very like the German system - while the tiny details may be different the basic idea is the same.
Parliament or whatever has N seats, everyone gets two votes: - the first is for a local representative elected using FPP almost exactly as you do for the House in the US - there are N/2 local representative seats. - the second is for a party, after the first set of votes are counted and the number of party representatives with local seats are determined the total party votes for the country are tallied - the second N/2 seats are allocated to representatives off of party nominated lists so that when added to the first N/2 the party seat count in parliament comes out according to the second vote
There are various details around minimum votes to get party seats and various rules for strange overhang situations that those can create that are different from system to system.
And yes we haven't had a single government since we changed to this system where a single party got 50% or more of the vote - all governments have been coalitions - it means politicians have to make public agreements and compromises which result in them acting more constrained in their actions than they would have been if they'd gotten 30% of the votes in an FPP election but 60% of the seats - it's a wonderful thing - many of the politicians, especially the old school ones, hate it.
I've been doing this in KDE since about 2.something on my laptop - mostly because vertical space has long been at a premium (even back at 1024x768 I wanted more lines in vi). KDE does the popup menu thing well in this mode - the one downside is names in the task manager
Want to change? just drag the bottom bar to the left or go into the control panel and drag it around
I've worked with real multi-threaded apps that turned out to use more than 50% of their time in malloc/new free/delete and the associated locks - large;y due to the use of C++ string routines by people who didn't understand the single threadedness that was going on behind the scenes.
The most important thing to take away from this is that malloc/free are not cheap, they involve synchronization in multithreaded code (like stdio and most people don't know that either).
(and should be avoided like the plague in real-time code because of the risk of priority inversion)
we already have a great structure for the distribution of OTPs.... trillions and trillions of bits distributed around the world. We call them record stores - by the same CDs, rip them and use the LSBs
"At those voltages millions of amps can be delivered safely to the transformer that feeds your home."
Umm... to give you the benefit of the doubt let's assume you meant "At those voltages millions of amps can be delivered safely from the transformer that feeds your home."... so the basic rule about transformers is that when the step down the voltage ratio they step up the current by the same factor... so 45kv->110v is a factory of ~400 - to provide 2 million amps to the home at 110v you need 5000 amps running in those 45k lines - they're going to be glowing....
Quite apart from that you can't do anything safely with a million amps, except maybe run away....
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OK - so if you in the US have to force your "3 strikes" baseball metaphors on the rest of the world it's only fair that we make you call this one "6 balls and it's over" using a similar cricket metaphor - despite the, um, unfortunate cultural double meaning of the expression in the US
well a cpu with a 1GHz clock has 1nS to process data between flops - yes it's a bit like laying out microwave stuff -but in the very small - what happens is that it all starts with some layout person/people creating a standard cell library, they'll use spice to simulate and characterise their results - they'll pass this to the synthesis/layout tool makes a good first guess, they'll add in some fudge factor - then a timing tool looks at the 3d layout and extracts real timing, including parasitics to everything in 3-space around a wire - they check - does the timing from every flop to every other flop through every possible path meet both setup and hold times for the destination flop - if it does you're golden, tape it out - if not tweak something or resynthsise a block with tighter constraints etc etc
There is very complex delay analysis done - in all corners of the underlying fab process - automated layouts seldom look "pretty" at least from the point of hand done boards
Looking closely I see a bunch of ram - probably half laid out by hand (caches) - and a many may small standard cell blocks almost certainly not laid out by hand - what I don't see is an obviously hand laid out datapath (the first part of your CPU you spend layout engineers on) - look for that diagonal where the barrel shifter(s) would be. There are some very regular structures (8 vertically) that I suspect are register blocks.
Still what I see is probably someone managing timing by synthesizing small std cell blocks (not by hand), laying those blocks out by hand then letting their router hook them up on a second pass - - it's probably a great way to spend a little extra time guiding your tools into doing a better job to squeeze that extra 20% out of your timing budget and give you a greater gate density (and lower resulting wire delays)
So - a little bit of stuff being done by hand but almost all the gates being lait out by machine
I've worked as a logic monkey building CPUs in the past - this is SOP in our world - we'd boot linux on our hardware on the verilog simulator as part of our QA - 2 hours is nothing .....
It's not even a new idea 20 years ago I used to port Unix for a living (no linux yet), when the early RISCs came out they came with architectural simulators, while waiting for real silicon we'd spend the time bringing the kernel (and compiler) up
IR chaff - IR LED throwies are cheap compared to these bullets and will be brighter than any IR laser (that you can't actually feel as 'hot')
Oh no - you should purchase them .... but them return them because they don;t work with Linux
Jan 1st the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act came into effect - Apple didn't do this because of This American Life, they've been brought kicking and screaming to this point by the politicians and public opinion in general
Don't forget you're paying for all the people trying to break into your household - a friend here in NZ noticed he kept going over his paltry 1/2Gb cap - turned out 1/3 of his traffic was from other machines (mostly on the same ISP) trying to break into his.
I used to regularly buy a CD or two a week, but all the good local music stores have closed leaving chain stores full of pap - if I don't regularly browse I'm just not going to buy.
Sure I could buy on line but I really don't get the opportunity to find new stuff that interests me Pandora doesn't stream outside the US and besides buying from Amazon from outside the US is really expensive - and of course one can't buy from iTunes from a linux box because of Apple's lousy support
Just last month I found myself at the local big box hardware store looking for - you guessed it - looking for a small vice .... with a wonderfuil sense of deja-vu I got to pop the question - the young whipper-snapper there didn't even blink and took me to the aisle with the vices - kids these days, just oblivious
haha!
I've always been a big fan of recycling but recently I've realized that recycling newspaper is probably wrong - it drives down the cost of wood pulp at a time when we ought to be providing economic incentives for people to plant more trees. We're better off sequestering its carbon - down some old coal mines or the equivalent - yes I know there are issues with methane and land fills but I see those as being things that one can spend some money on researching technological solutions for not just a reason for rejecting the idea out of hand.
Well to be fair he's a nutter, part of a right wing party that seems to have jumped the shark at this point, he was the proponent of our '3 strikes' legislation - when this was announced in parliament today there were shouts of "strike two".
The main reason why the government started doing that in 2005 was because we had discovered that Israeli spies had been doing exactly that thing, getting fake NZ passports using the birth certificates of dead babies - the police went back through the records to hunt down any such passports, to cancel them to protect our citizens traveling abroad.
and now they announce the release of a new product with a funeral ....
Ah - that's the code to enable the deep cover Swartzenager operative ....
it's worse than that - he has to install a firewall in his phone to stop things from calling OUT
maybe to you - I haven't received that email yet and I'm sure my email address is in there too somewhere
You don't understand - virtual humans can be tailored to your every need ... in this case Microsoft is hemorrhaging customers - this way they can create their own who wont depart the sinking ship .... billions and billions of virtual customers running in spare cycles on the cloud, very very cheap, and they never report bugs ....
I think you're misinformed about how such things work. Here in New Zealand we use something very like the German system - while the tiny details may be different the basic idea is the same.
Parliament or whatever has N seats, everyone gets two votes:
- the first is for a local representative elected using FPP almost exactly as you do for the House in the US - there are N/2 local representative seats.
- the second is for a party, after the first set of votes are counted and the number of party representatives with local seats are determined the total party votes for the country are tallied - the second N/2 seats are allocated to representatives off of party nominated lists so that when added to the first N/2 the party seat count in parliament comes out according to the second vote
There are various details around minimum votes to get party seats and various rules for strange overhang situations that those can create that are different from system to system.
And yes we haven't had a single government since we changed to this system where a single party got 50% or more of the vote - all governments have been coalitions - it means politicians have to make public agreements and compromises which result in them acting more constrained in their actions than they would have been if they'd gotten 30% of the votes in an FPP election but 60% of the seats - it's a wonderful thing - many of the politicians, especially the old school ones, hate it.
why not use what the rest of the world uses: liters/100km
nor does it explain why two people can see the same thing
I've been doing this in KDE since about 2.something on my laptop - mostly because vertical space has long been at a premium (even back at 1024x768 I wanted more lines in vi). KDE does the popup menu thing well in this mode - the one downside is names in the task manager
Want to change? just drag the bottom bar to the left or go into the control panel and drag it around
I've worked with real multi-threaded apps that turned out to use more than 50% of their time in malloc/new free/delete and the associated locks - large;y due to the use of C++ string routines by people who didn't understand the single threadedness that was going on behind the scenes. The most important thing to take away from this is that malloc/free are not cheap, they involve synchronization in multithreaded code (like stdio and most people don't know that either). (and should be avoided like the plague in real-time code because of the risk of priority inversion)
we already have a great structure for the distribution of OTPs .... trillions and trillions of bits distributed around the world. We call them record stores - by the same CDs, rip them and use the LSBs
Umm ... to give you the benefit of the doubt let's assume you meant "At those voltages millions of amps can be delivered safely from the transformer that feeds your home." ... so the basic rule about transformers is that when the step down the voltage ratio they step up the current by the same factor ... so 45kv->110v is a factory of ~400 - to provide 2 million amps to the home at 110v you need 5000 amps running in those 45k lines - they're going to be glowing ....
Quite apart from that you can't do anything safely with a million amps, except maybe run away ....