Depends on spectrum availability, concentration techniques, and solar incidence level.
In equatorial regions with high smog levels you may want to use a painted or differently coated reflector and/or concentrator. You can also use vacuum sealed tubes with concentrators to provide liquid transfer exchange.
Cost factors for different materials and pollution/recovery impacts for the coatings and films have to be considered as well.
While it's great that we have an improved solar cell film, the reality is that, for the most part, the most efficient method used on a practical worldwide scale involves passive solar heating, especially for providing heating and hot water.
Part of the problem is that the manufacturing process - such as that used by Sony in cranking out OLEDs (which they build at the same plant as their photovoltaic solar cells) - causes a fair bit of pollution, both thru film extrusion, bonding, and the doping process.
By 2020 we may see some useful scaled implementation of photovoltaics, but it's still projected that the vast and overwhelming majority of growth in solar will be it's use in passive solar heating (and cooling, using heat exchangers) and in passive solar water heaters, as both such uses have little in the way of pollution in the manufacturing process and have an easier permitting process for factories, installation, and residential and commercial use, and easier to develop tax incentives for on the local and national scales worldwide.
actually, they still haven't solved the mining (pollution, deaths), processing (pollution, deaths), shipment (terrorists, fuel), and disposal (terrorists, fuel to ship/process, boom) problems with nuclear fission.
But if you meant fusion, I agree with you.
Until then, wind energy and passive solar are cheaper in total systems costs
(caveat: I frequently invest in wind, solar, nuclear fission, coal, oil, and gas firms in IPOs and direct shares - and did a TV series on energy)
And is there any way we can post the plans for the wiring of their top execs offices and homes online so all the world can assist them in not having broadband?
After all, it's for the public good - the USA is near the bottom for high speed Net access among first world nations...
Less stress, more fun, you do good, and you tend to have a life except around grant renewal time.
Plus, you get to save hundreds of thousands of people.
Pay? Not as much as the CS side, but you tend to work around university crowds, so there's not so much of a social push to spend, so you end up with great retirement plans if you keep living like a grad student, plus you can work on your doctorate and attend seminars for free.
What most people don't realize is that humans tend to start having brain-impacting disease to a large extent from the ages of 70 to 100, in increasing proportions, and even if we could keep you alive to 1000, you'd probably spend at least 800 years of that time with dementia, hallucinations, visions, diabetes, talking to imaginary insect kids on roller skates, and generally not fully functional.
Be careful for what you ask for - you might get it.
Seriously, there are a number of impacts that occur with aging:
1. shorter telomeres - in more primitive organisms, a period of fasting can reset these to the longer DNA/RNA replication lengths in youth, but in higher organisms, it's difficult. However, periodic fasting every 10 years or so for less than 30 days with water and vitamins might be useful.
2. age impacts on the brain - partially the filters for the blood/brain barrier, partially the internal mechanisms that provide ATP power to neurons (brain cells), spotting becomes more and more pronounced as you age, as well as shrinkage, etc.
3. mitochondrial RNA degradation - mostly found in Parkinsons and other diseases, this is also partially the result of some mitochondrial ATP power factories in your cells dying out and not being fully replaced.
4. lack of stem-cell features - as we age we use up the stem cells that exist in our bodies making new cells, which we inherit from our mom and our preceding siblings (including those that did not survive to birth). We use these in many locations.
In general, there are other effects, like calcification of heart and other tissues, and plaque buildup in arteries and brains, as well as decalcification of bones and failure/compromise of bone marrow and key organs, but not all impacts of aging can be "fixed".
Not sure if it's a memory hog, but it performs a whole lot better than the prior version of Opera I have on my home WinXP laptop - even if Firefox 3.0 is way faster than that.
In general, the best format for video storage is sealed tape, but the problem is that you frequently can't play it back.
CDs generally have a 3-5 year life expectency, longer if sealed and kept in a constant cool temperature so as to reduce flaking and minimize exposure to solar radiation.
DVDs are pretty much the same.
The best recommendation, given the nature of the shift in recording formats and players, would be to use a Hard Disk, and move the files from disk to disk when you buy new hard disks or solid state recording medium.
The main problem will be the audio format. For that I'd recommend the most recent popular (note key word: POPULAR) video format, so that it can be imported into whatever video player software exists in the future.
I should point out that, even if the needles and players may be hard to get, that LPs are actually a very long storage format, and if protected with sleeves and plastic inserts can easily last 100 years. But this only works for music, for the most part, not video.
Avoid cassettes, the tape used for those is too fragile and tends to crease.
Even the rest of you Republicants know that there are no safe states for you this year, and that even the safest of safe Congressional Republican seats are up for grabs.
Face it, you're playing defense, and we're coming straight at you, and we're not stopping.;-)
While my Mac mini is more than powerful enough on the hardware end, now I have to shell out $139 to buy a new version of OS X... just to run this thing.
dude, all we know is when we're trying to run the same statistical genetics programs on a Linux box, it runs a heck of a lot faster than it does on the WinVista box.
We work with results - we're not gamers, we don't do fancy video graphics, we find graphics cards a pain (just had to replace a few that burnt out after only a few years).
And now our new dual core laptop our Primary Investigator bought is slower than some of the older single core slower chip WinXP laptops.
Maybe for you in the non-science world WinVista is the best thing since toasted bagels - but for us it's a dead end and we've had it.
And that includes the basement blade server we're buying for the UW Tower.
Slashdot Mirror
Depends on spectrum availability, concentration techniques, and solar incidence level.
In equatorial regions with high smog levels you may want to use a painted or differently coated reflector and/or concentrator. You can also use vacuum sealed tubes with concentrators to provide liquid transfer exchange.
Cost factors for different materials and pollution/recovery impacts for the coatings and films have to be considered as well.
While it's great that we have an improved solar cell film, the reality is that, for the most part, the most efficient method used on a practical worldwide scale involves passive solar heating, especially for providing heating and hot water.
Part of the problem is that the manufacturing process - such as that used by Sony in cranking out OLEDs (which they build at the same plant as their photovoltaic solar cells) - causes a fair bit of pollution, both thru film extrusion, bonding, and the doping process.
By 2020 we may see some useful scaled implementation of photovoltaics, but it's still projected that the vast and overwhelming majority of growth in solar will be it's use in passive solar heating (and cooling, using heat exchangers) and in passive solar water heaters, as both such uses have little in the way of pollution in the manufacturing process and have an easier permitting process for factories, installation, and residential and commercial use, and easier to develop tax incentives for on the local and national scales worldwide.
Payback's a b.t.h ...
actually, they still haven't solved the mining (pollution, deaths), processing (pollution, deaths), shipment (terrorists, fuel), and disposal (terrorists, fuel to ship/process, boom) problems with nuclear fission.
But if you meant fusion, I agree with you.
Until then, wind energy and passive solar are cheaper in total systems costs
(caveat: I frequently invest in wind, solar, nuclear fission, coal, oil, and gas firms in IPOs and direct shares - and did a TV series on energy)
And is there any way we can post the plans for the wiring of their top execs offices and homes online so all the world can assist them in not having broadband?
After all, it's for the public good - the USA is near the bottom for high speed Net access among first world nations ...
All your plans are belong to US, neocons.
Less stress, more fun, you do good, and you tend to have a life except around grant renewal time.
Plus, you get to save hundreds of thousands of people.
Pay? Not as much as the CS side, but you tend to work around university crowds, so there's not so much of a social push to spend, so you end up with great retirement plans if you keep living like a grad student, plus you can work on your doctorate and attend seminars for free.
What most people don't realize is that humans tend to start having brain-impacting disease to a large extent from the ages of 70 to 100, in increasing proportions, and even if we could keep you alive to 1000, you'd probably spend at least 800 years of that time with dementia, hallucinations, visions, diabetes, talking to imaginary insect kids on roller skates, and generally not fully functional.
Be careful for what you ask for - you might get it.
Seriously, there are a number of impacts that occur with aging:
1. shorter telomeres - in more primitive organisms, a period of fasting can reset these to the longer DNA/RNA replication lengths in youth, but in higher organisms, it's difficult. However, periodic fasting every 10 years or so for less than 30 days with water and vitamins might be useful.
2. age impacts on the brain - partially the filters for the blood/brain barrier, partially the internal mechanisms that provide ATP power to neurons (brain cells), spotting becomes more and more pronounced as you age, as well as shrinkage, etc.
3. mitochondrial RNA degradation - mostly found in Parkinsons and other diseases, this is also partially the result of some mitochondrial ATP power factories in your cells dying out and not being fully replaced.
4. lack of stem-cell features - as we age we use up the stem cells that exist in our bodies making new cells, which we inherit from our mom and our preceding siblings (including those that did not survive to birth). We use these in many locations.
In general, there are other effects, like calcification of heart and other tissues, and plaque buildup in arteries and brains, as well as decalcification of bones and failure/compromise of bone marrow and key organs, but not all impacts of aging can be "fixed".
Not sure if it's a memory hog, but it performs a whole lot better than the prior version of Opera I have on my home WinXP laptop - even if Firefox 3.0 is way faster than that.
No wonder the server died.
Well, let's settle on Googlegemeineschaftelelektronischepostesystem ...
I can see long substantial economic position papers being written on twitter in much the same way as I can see great poetry ..........
dang, too long
Me Is Good Speechwriter - Other Guy Is Bad Speechwriter - Vote Me! Me Like Rock! Me Strong Like Cave Troll!
I agree.
There is a reason why I ditched my cell phone - it was too annoying - and got rid of my pager.
If you need me and you don't know my number, don't send my cryptic 200 char text messages and think that makes up for you missing brunch.
Unless you're a cute girl.
In general, the best format for video storage is sealed tape, but the problem is that you frequently can't play it back.
CDs generally have a 3-5 year life expectency, longer if sealed and kept in a constant cool temperature so as to reduce flaking and minimize exposure to solar radiation.
DVDs are pretty much the same.
The best recommendation, given the nature of the shift in recording formats and players, would be to use a Hard Disk, and move the files from disk to disk when you buy new hard disks or solid state recording medium.
The main problem will be the audio format. For that I'd recommend the most recent popular (note key word: POPULAR) video format, so that it can be imported into whatever video player software exists in the future.
I should point out that, even if the needles and players may be hard to get, that LPs are actually a very long storage format, and if protected with sleeves and plastic inserts can easily last 100 years. But this only works for music, for the most part, not video.
Avoid cassettes, the tape used for those is too fragile and tends to crease.
LOL. You tell me why the Fix on WaPo has you down for losing 20-40 seats in the House and 6-10 in the Senate.
Reality has a liberal bias to it.
That's the truthiness that stares back in your face.
But hey, I served not swerved, comrade!
It's called a Blue Tidal Wave.
Even the rest of you Republicants know that there are no safe states for you this year, and that even the safest of safe Congressional Republican seats are up for grabs.
Face it, you're playing defense, and we're coming straight at you, and we're not stopping. ;-)
It's going to be fun using the lack of warrants to trick them into long stays in GITMO for some 24/7 waterboarding without trial ...
(don't think we won't do it)
It is an Intel Core Duo Mac Mini - at least according to system info.
....
At least it works for my son's fifth year Latin software
Spore works on a Mac.
Again, if we were talking about some non-Mac Windows-only game, you might have a point.
But the Spore Creature Creator is both Mac and Windows, so I fail to see your point.
Heck, it's going to work for the Wii too.
no, it says it will run. I got a souped up one at the educational rate. Just the OS is a prob.
Why would I want to run XP when I have a Mac mini? I'd rather spend the $130 on a better version of the MacOS ...
While my Mac mini is more than powerful enough on the hardware end, now I have to shell out $139 to buy a new version of OS X ... just to run this thing.
Sigh.
dude, all we know is when we're trying to run the same statistical genetics programs on a Linux box, it runs a heck of a lot faster than it does on the WinVista box.
We work with results - we're not gamers, we don't do fancy video graphics, we find graphics cards a pain (just had to replace a few that burnt out after only a few years).
And now our new dual core laptop our Primary Investigator bought is slower than some of the older single core slower chip WinXP laptops.
Maybe for you in the non-science world WinVista is the best thing since toasted bagels - but for us it's a dead end and we've had it.
And that includes the basement blade server we're buying for the UW Tower.