Well, that seemed strange to me, so I looked back over the textbook's diagram for a NOR gate. I thought, "Surely this can't be correct. If you switch the pMOS transistors and the nMOS transistors, then you've got a logical AND gate. Really the important rule is that there has to be voltage in the right direction between gate and source to turn a transistor on. So if you try to use a N channel in the top side of a logic circuit (or a P channel in the bottom side) you will get a follower (output voltage follows input voltage at some offset) rather than a switch.
You can try building it if you want and with the right transistors it will work up to a point but the output levels will always be lower than the input you feed in (unlike with a proper CMOS gate that relies on switch-like behaviour).
Also: WTF? Lead banned in toys? Speaking as a former collector of lead miniatures, I have to say it hasn't harmed me in the... err... hang on. What was I saying? Was I saying something? Never mind. As I understand it metallic lead isn't all that hazardous (hell we made water pipes out of it not all that long ago and still use it as a roofing and rainwater management material in some places). it's various compounds (e.g. pigments) that are far easier to inadvertently ingest and absorb.
While I agree it was a good demonstration I hope that fan was normally behind a gaurd. Slips and falls happen and you don't want someone getting a body part diced when they do.
A good general rule in life is to try and stay at least two (and preferably more) failures away from major injury. When you can't do that at least make sure said failures are extremely unlikely.
Of course, the real problem to me is focusing on just child toys instead of a more broad testing of products. Agreed, most rulers, pens, pencils, scissors etc kids use are probably neither bought as part of "toys" or marketed explicitly for children so focusing on the ones in the "toys" while ignoring the general supply seems stupid and unfair to me.
Go ask Comcast how that's going. Yeah IIRC the combination of their sheer size with a big push for triple play has lead to them using up all of net 10 and having to use public IPs for control plane functions. Sucks to be them but I doubt it's a widespread problem.
Of course even if they migrate the control plane to IPV6 they may well still have to NAT end users to continue providing them with V4 connectivity (though ironically the fact they have had to use public V4 ips on the control plane may help them here as those IPs can probablly be repurposed as customer IPs after new allocations dry up).
But all of that is really rather irrelevant. This is about the internet, not what some big companies do on their admin networks. Post exhaustion a growing ISP has essentially the following choices.
1: offer IPV6 only. 2: offer IPV6 with natted V4 as standard and IPV6 with public V4 as a premium option. 3: offer natted IPV4 only as standard and public IPV4 as a premium option.
I don't see 1 happening for a long time due to the fact V6 only clients can't reach V4 only severs. The question is will most ISPs bother with option 2 when option 3 would be enough to satisfy the lusers? I bet the better ISPs will and the shitty ones won't.
IPV4 has support for optional header fields. You could introduce a system where "long ips" were stored in an extended header and their use was indicated by setting the original source and destination fields to a special value. Routers that didn't understand long IPs would just pass packets destined for them on to their default gateway.
End system software, nats and some routers would still need to be updated but there would be no need to administer a second independent set of addresses nor would there be any need to perform organisation wide forklift upgrades to allow interoperability with long IP users.
While obviously some address extension was inevitable I think of many things that have hampered IPV6 rollout that were at least somewhat avoidable.
1: IPV6 was designed as a replacement not an extension. What that means is that as well as having to upgrade all the equipment/software you also have to allocate every bloody device a second set of addresses and maintain two separate sets of routing tables. There were some hacks to get arround this and allow hosts on the V4 internet to talk to V6 hosts but home router vendors never seemed to adopt 6to4 and teredo is a pretty fragile design. 2: Rather than just making the address long enough to solve any shortage problems for the forseeable future they also introduced this idea of stateless autoconfiguration which while nice in theory in practice just makes addresses too long and unstructured for people to remember. With IPV4 the address is four octets and there is a good chance that at least a couple of those will be the same across much of the company. With V6 and stateless autoconfiguration there are a lot more and most of them will be different on every machine. 3: Afaict windows XP only supports the aforementioned stateless autoconfiguration or manual command line configuration not manual GUI based config and not DHCPv6. So it's rather hard for netadmins to avoid stateless autoconfig even if they think it's a bad idea. 4: Linux has outright refused to implement V6 nat on ideological grounds. While global address shortages are one reason for nat they aren't the only one (other obvious ones are hiding your network structure from outsiders or adding a private subnet that needs to connect outbound only to the internet without having to go through some hugely beuracratic process to get a subnet assigned and routed).
IMO any ISP that doesn't have plans for deploying ISP level NAT at this point is suicidal (note: it's probablly not in an ISPs interests to advertise or implement such plans until they are forced to, the rational thing for an ISP to do at the moment is to get as many V4 addresses as they can so they can be reallocated to more lucrative customers later). The better ones will offer IPV6 as well and public IPV4 for an extra charge but the ISP level NAT will be what keeps the lusers connected to facebook/youtube/email/etc.
Afiact the real reason early allocations were so wasteful was the concept of "classes". Your network was either assigned a class A, a class B or a class C, not anything in between. So if you needed more than 2^8 addresses you got 2^16 addresses and if you needed more than 2^16 addresses you got 2^24 addresses.
If they could be compressed another 90% (which they can't be!) Depends how much quality the provider is willing to throw away. According to wikipedia a JPEG Q=1 image is about 10 times smaller than a JPEG Q=50 image.
And hope that 1: it doesn't go down again before you can sell it 2: the increases were significant enough that you can still make a profit after any relavent fees.
What you really pay for with a telco is for them to keep sufficiantly above the average use that the chance of failing to get through due to overuse is kept very low. If the average use goes up then the amount of capacity that needs to be provisioned to maintain a reliable service also goes up.
Plus it is very likely the victims will have had to pay other telcos to pass those calls on to thier destinations. This could easilly run to a lot of money depending on the destinations called (IIRC there are some destinations that cost over a dollar a minuite, even if these are only a small percentage of call time they could easilly end up as a large percentage of the damage).
We have had prisons for many years, yet people still commit crimes True enough but the real and largely unanswerable questions are
1:How many more would commit crimes if there were no consequences to doing so? 2:Is locking people up the best type of consequence to use for deterrance purposes?
Really without knowing where the calls were going to it's not really possible to put a figure on the damage. If it's geographic numbers in the USA your figure is probbablly about right, if it's mobiles in caller pays countries it could easilly be ten time higher and if it's premium rate numbers, satphones or shithole countries it could be much higher still.
Uh-huh. I'm from New York, and until the money is handed over and IN THE BANK, then handing over the merchandise will likewise, be "in the process". Heck, that's pretty much a standard across the entire planet. It's certainly not the standard here in the UK and I don't think it is in the US either. Typical terms afaict are payment a maximum of 30 days after delivery (reffered to as "net 30") though agreements will vary depending on which side has more bargining power.
Blatant lie. 35% [wikipedia.org] is a very generous fifth. If by electorate he means people eligable to vote (as apposed to people who actually voted) then he is about right. Turnout was 61% so 21% (just over a fith) of people eligable to vote voted labour.
But that aside under a system where the mix in parliament fairly represented the voters no party would have had absolute power for many years whereas with the current system we have generally a party gets absoloute power (the last election being an unusual exception) and which party gets it can be altered by a relatively small swing in the votes.
At the time the PS3 came out the choice was essentially consoles which were locked down but generally no-messing required and PCs which had all sorts of compatibility problems and a rising push towards online activation and other horrible protection schemes. At the time sony was being nicer (linux, 3rd party controllers) than the XBOX division of microsoft and had the games I wanted.
Could anyone have reasonably predicated that sony would be removing features (first linux support, then support for standard HID controllers) retroactively from existing consoles? I don't think any console manufacturer has done that before.
I agree those who buy a device in the era of updatable firmware and downloadable content under the assumtion that they can keep it both cracked and able to be used online and with the latest games are being very overoptimistic. The trouble is that those of us who just want to use the machine as originally designed are getting caught in the crossfire:(
Personally I find it all very sad, I like gaming but it all seems so much more painful these days.
and to date we haven't found any silver bullet to turn a PDF or InDesign file into a beautiful looking ePub. I doubt there will ever be one:/. PDF is a format that stores data in a "printer ready" form. Going back from that form to a form where things are assigned meaning is rather difficult. Worse there is no gaurantee of thier being any information on how to map the character codes used in the document to unicode (some of them may not even map to unicode at all)
Depending on how the pdf was created it may have helpful metadata but many PDFs won't (hell it's perfectly valid for a PDF to just have one big image on every page).
Indeed, unfortunately electronic distribution means that it is virtually a necessity for the retailer to also be the copier (unlike with physical media where the publisher is the copier).
Since copying requires a license which can have strings attached this basically puts the retailer at the publishers mercy.
There are successful GEO based satphone systems. While i'm sure latency is annoyingit is something people can learn to live with. Especially when that task at hand is important information rather than idle conversation (and at current prices few people will be doing idle communication on a satphone)
LEO systems have several problems. They are horribly expensive since they need huge numbers of satelites and end up with basically uniform coverage of the planet rather than coverage density varying with demand (with GEO you can site your satelites and aim thier antennas to get the desired coverage footprint). Also apparently handoff problems are quite common.
At least round here (near manchester) There are many bank run (well at least bearing the logo of a bank) and free to use ATMs in places other than the walls of banks. Often in places like railway stations, large shopping centres, larger supermarkets etc.
You can also get cash out as part of a debit card purchase (reffered to as "cashback) in most supermarkets and some other shops. I've never heard of anywhere charging extra for this service.
4x PCI slots for legacy video capture equipment but fast processor for encoding hmm, when I go on newegg the most PCI slots they sell on an AMD board or a current gen intel board is 3 while they have LGA775 boards up to 5 PCI slots.
and the third question is if the answer to the first questions is yes and several years at best is will a larger competitor muscle in and push them out of the market (either though legal/political means or through dumping services for a while) before they make their investment back.
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Well, that seemed strange to me, so I looked back over the textbook's diagram for a NOR gate. I thought, "Surely this can't be correct. If you switch the pMOS transistors and the nMOS transistors, then you've got a logical AND gate.
Really the important rule is that there has to be voltage in the right direction between gate and source to turn a transistor on. So if you try to use a N channel in the top side of a logic circuit (or a P channel in the bottom side) you will get a follower (output voltage follows input voltage at some offset) rather than a switch.
You can try building it if you want and with the right transistors it will work up to a point but the output levels will always be lower than the input you feed in (unlike with a proper CMOS gate that relies on switch-like behaviour).
Also: WTF? Lead banned in toys? Speaking as a former collector of lead miniatures, I have to say it hasn't harmed me in the ... err ... hang on. What was I saying? Was I saying something? Never mind.
As I understand it metallic lead isn't all that hazardous (hell we made water pipes out of it not all that long ago and still use it as a roofing and rainwater management material in some places). it's various compounds (e.g. pigments) that are far easier to inadvertently ingest and absorb.
While I agree it was a good demonstration I hope that fan was normally behind a gaurd. Slips and falls happen and you don't want someone getting a body part diced when they do.
A good general rule in life is to try and stay at least two (and preferably more) failures away from major injury. When you can't do that at least make sure said failures are extremely unlikely.
Of course, the real problem to me is focusing on just child toys instead of a more broad testing of products.
Agreed, most rulers, pens, pencils, scissors etc kids use are probably neither bought as part of "toys" or marketed explicitly for children so focusing on the ones in the "toys" while ignoring the general supply seems stupid and unfair to me.
Debian (and I suppose Ubuntu too) makes use of a lot of Bash scripts behind the scenes
Both ubuntu and debian now use dash as the default shell.
Go ask Comcast how that's going.
Yeah IIRC the combination of their sheer size with a big push for triple play has lead to them using up all of net 10 and having to use public IPs for control plane functions. Sucks to be them but I doubt it's a widespread problem.
Of course even if they migrate the control plane to IPV6 they may well still have to NAT end users to continue providing them with V4 connectivity (though ironically the fact they have had to use public V4 ips on the control plane may help them here as those IPs can probablly be repurposed as customer IPs after new allocations dry up).
But all of that is really rather irrelevant. This is about the internet, not what some big companies do on their admin networks. Post exhaustion a growing ISP has essentially the following choices.
1: offer IPV6 only.
2: offer IPV6 with natted V4 as standard and IPV6 with public V4 as a premium option.
3: offer natted IPV4 only as standard and public IPV4 as a premium option.
I don't see 1 happening for a long time due to the fact V6 only clients can't reach V4 only severs. The question is will most ISPs bother with option 2 when option 3 would be enough to satisfy the lusers? I bet the better ISPs will and the shitty ones won't.
That is where I disagree with you.
IPV4 has support for optional header fields. You could introduce a system where "long ips" were stored in an extended header and their use was indicated by setting the original source and destination fields to a special value. Routers that didn't understand long IPs would just pass packets destined for them on to their default gateway.
End system software, nats and some routers would still need to be updated but there would be no need to administer a second independent set of addresses nor would there be any need to perform organisation wide forklift upgrades to allow interoperability with long IP users.
While obviously some address extension was inevitable I think of many things that have hampered IPV6 rollout that were at least somewhat avoidable.
1: IPV6 was designed as a replacement not an extension. What that means is that as well as having to upgrade all the equipment/software you also have to allocate every bloody device a second set of addresses and maintain two separate sets of routing tables. There were some hacks to get arround this and allow hosts on the V4 internet to talk to V6 hosts but home router vendors never seemed to adopt 6to4 and teredo is a pretty fragile design.
2: Rather than just making the address long enough to solve any shortage problems for the forseeable future they also introduced this idea of stateless autoconfiguration which while nice in theory in practice just makes addresses too long and unstructured for people to remember. With IPV4 the address is four octets and there is a good chance that at least a couple of those will be the same across much of the company. With V6 and stateless autoconfiguration there are a lot more and most of them will be different on every machine.
3: Afaict windows XP only supports the aforementioned stateless autoconfiguration or manual command line configuration not manual GUI based config and not DHCPv6. So it's rather hard for netadmins to avoid stateless autoconfig even if they think it's a bad idea.
4: Linux has outright refused to implement V6 nat on ideological grounds. While global address shortages are one reason for nat they aren't the only one (other obvious ones are hiding your network structure from outsiders or adding a private subnet that needs to connect outbound only to the internet without having to go through some hugely beuracratic process to get a subnet assigned and routed).
IMO any ISP that doesn't have plans for deploying ISP level NAT at this point is suicidal (note: it's probablly not in an ISPs interests to advertise or implement such plans until they are forced to, the rational thing for an ISP to do at the moment is to get as many V4 addresses as they can so they can be reallocated to more lucrative customers later). The better ones will offer IPV6 as well and public IPV4 for an extra charge but the ISP level NAT will be what keeps the lusers connected to facebook/youtube/email/etc.
Afiact the real reason early allocations were so wasteful was the concept of "classes". Your network was either assigned a class A, a class B or a class C, not anything in between. So if you needed more than 2^8 addresses you got 2^16 addresses and if you needed more than 2^16 addresses you got 2^24 addresses.
If they could be compressed another 90% (which they can't be!)
Depends how much quality the provider is willing to throw away. According to wikipedia a JPEG Q=1 image is about 10 times smaller than a JPEG Q=50 image.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jpeg#Sample_photographs
And hope that
1: it doesn't go down again before you can sell it
2: the increases were significant enough that you can still make a profit after any relavent fees.
What you really pay for with a telco is for them to keep sufficiantly above the average use that the chance of failing to get through due to overuse is kept very low. If the average use goes up then the amount of capacity that needs to be provisioned to maintain a reliable service also goes up.
Plus it is very likely the victims will have had to pay other telcos to pass those calls on to thier destinations. This could easilly run to a lot of money depending on the destinations called (IIRC there are some destinations that cost over a dollar a minuite, even if these are only a small percentage of call time they could easilly end up as a large percentage of the damage).
We have had prisons for many years, yet people still commit crimes
True enough but the real and largely unanswerable questions are
1:How many more would commit crimes if there were no consequences to doing so?
2:Is locking people up the best type of consequence to use for deterrance purposes?
Really without knowing where the calls were going to it's not really possible to put a figure on the damage. If it's geographic numbers in the USA your figure is probbablly about right, if it's mobiles in caller pays countries it could easilly be ten time higher and if it's premium rate numbers, satphones or shithole countries it could be much higher still.
Uh-huh. I'm from New York, and until the money is handed over and IN THE BANK, then handing over the merchandise will likewise, be "in the process". Heck, that's pretty much a standard across the entire planet.
It's certainly not the standard here in the UK and I don't think it is in the US either. Typical terms afaict are payment a maximum of 30 days after delivery (reffered to as "net 30") though agreements will vary depending on which side has more bargining power.
The free space loss exponent is 2.
Assuming both antennas are in a free space with no reflections that is correct.
If instead we assume a single perfect inverting reflection off the ground we end up with a loss exponent of 4.
Afaict practical situations for terrestrial communication with line of sight are usually somewhere between these two.
Blatant lie. 35% [wikipedia.org] is a very generous fifth.
If by electorate he means people eligable to vote (as apposed to people who actually voted) then he is about right. Turnout was 61% so 21% (just over a fith) of people eligable to vote voted labour.
But that aside under a system where the mix in parliament fairly represented the voters no party would have had absolute power for many years whereas with the current system we have generally a party gets absoloute power (the last election being an unusual exception) and which party gets it can be altered by a relatively small swing in the votes.
At the time the PS3 came out the choice was essentially consoles which were locked down but generally no-messing required and PCs which had all sorts of compatibility problems and a rising push towards online activation and other horrible protection schemes. At the time sony was being nicer (linux, 3rd party controllers) than the XBOX division of microsoft and had the games I wanted.
Could anyone have reasonably predicated that sony would be removing features (first linux support, then support for standard HID controllers) retroactively from existing consoles? I don't think any console manufacturer has done that before.
I agree those who buy a device in the era of updatable firmware and downloadable content under the assumtion that they can keep it both cracked and able to be used online and with the latest games are being very overoptimistic. The trouble is that those of us who just want to use the machine as originally designed are getting caught in the crossfire :(
Personally I find it all very sad, I like gaming but it all seems so much more painful these days.
and to date we haven't found any silver bullet to turn a PDF or InDesign file into a beautiful looking ePub. :/. PDF is a format that stores data in a "printer ready" form. Going back from that form to a form where things are assigned meaning is rather difficult. Worse there is no gaurantee of thier being any information on how to map the character codes used in the document to unicode (some of them may not even map to unicode at all)
I doubt there will ever be one
Depending on how the pdf was created it may have helpful metadata but many PDFs won't (hell it's perfectly valid for a PDF to just have one big image on every page).
Indeed, unfortunately electronic distribution means that it is virtually a necessity for the retailer to also be the copier (unlike with physical media where the publisher is the copier).
Since copying requires a license which can have strings attached this basically puts the retailer at the publishers mercy.
isn't tantalum (used a lot for capacitors) also a rare earth...
There are successful GEO based satphone systems. While i'm sure latency is annoyingit is something people can learn to live with. Especially when that task at hand is important information rather than idle conversation (and at current prices few people will be doing idle communication on a satphone)
LEO systems have several problems. They are horribly expensive since they need huge numbers of satelites and end up with basically uniform coverage of the planet rather than coverage density varying with demand (with GEO you can site your satelites and aim thier antennas to get the desired coverage footprint). Also apparently handoff problems are quite common.
s/atms in the walls of banks/atms run by a bank/
At least round here (near manchester) There are many bank run (well at least bearing the logo of a bank) and free to use ATMs in places other than the walls of banks. Often in places like railway stations, large shopping centres, larger supermarkets etc.
You can also get cash out as part of a debit card purchase (reffered to as "cashback) in most supermarkets and some other shops. I've never heard of anywhere charging extra for this service.
4x PCI slots for legacy video capture equipment but fast processor for encoding
hmm, when I go on newegg the most PCI slots they sell on an AMD board or a current gen intel board is 3 while they have LGA775 boards up to 5 PCI slots.
and the third question is if the answer to the first questions is yes and several years at best is will a larger competitor muscle in and push them out of the market (either though legal/political means or through dumping services for a while) before they make their investment back.