Domain: nasa.gov
Stories and comments across the archive that link to nasa.gov.
Comments · 16,365
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Re:wellwhile the spy satellites which go shooting around really fast are at an orbit of more like 700 to 800 km (satellite heights from NASA http://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov/SCOOL/orbits.html). I seriously doubt that they are orbiting that high. You really want to get as low as possible: if you get 7m/pixel at 700km altitude, you would get 1m/pixel at 100km. Of course, at 100km the orbit would decay rapidly (or you would need to have fuel to counter the (small) air drag).
On the other hand, to get a satellite to a 700km orbit, you would need more fuel too, so if you settle for a lower orbit you could use that fuel to correct for the drag. Common sense says that's what they're doing. If their spy sat runs out of fuel, they just get some more money and buy themselves a brand new satellite.
By the way, the spy sat in question was launched on dec 14, 2006, and it is already coming down. At 700km altitude it could never come down in little more than a year. -
A very sketchy use of the word "evidence"....
let's look at the data that is the source for these conclusions.
"Our observations suggest that between 20% and 60% of Sun-like stars have evidence for the formation of rocky planets not unlike the processes we think led to planet Earth,"
"Our observations" means only that in a survey of sunlike stars, they identified clouds of dust around them. They haven't imaged anything, they are making the supposition that dust clouds = rocky planets, which is a leap.
Furthermore, they are presuming that there are earth-sized bodies in our own Oort cloud, which again, haven't been imaged or otherwise identified. Another huge supposition.
In both cases, I would believe that these conclusions are reasonable, and I personally believe it's LIKELY that terrestrial, rocky planetoids ARE common both in our system and galactically. But in both these cases I don't see any evidence presented that changes what was a previously widely-held guesstimate into anything more substantial than that.
To be more specific from the grossly oversimplified BEEB article: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/spitzer/news/spitzer-20080217.html
The telescope used images the infrared picture of dust around target stars. Logically, the dust closer in to the stars is hotter than the dust further out (like the oort cloud).
Hot dust is 3.6-8 microns in wavelenth, cold dust is 70-160 microns. "Warm dust" at ~24 microns, is presumed to be in the 'sweet spot' - representing in our system the span from Earth to Jupiter's orbits. Looking at main-sequence stars like the sun, they see that at an age of about 300 million years, the 'signal' for warm dust just drops off. Coincidentally, this is the same time in solar evolution in which we believe our solar system was swept clean of dust by the formation of the rocky planets. So they are presuming that this process is taking place elsewhere as well. -
Re:Stealth Satellites?
Yeah, they're so desperate to control satellite spotters that they publish an applet to spot all sorts of satellites and they took down another similar website
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Re:well
If they wanted to make it look like a weather/GPS/comm satellite they'd have to put it in a much much higher orbit. The three you mentioned are geo-stationary satellites which orbit at 35,790 km while the spy satellites which go shooting around really fast are at an orbit of more like 700 to 800 km (satellite heights from NASA http://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov/SCOOL/orbits.html). So if you were trying to disguise as one of those, you'd need a much better camera and probably have to worry about other spotting problems and what not. They should just keep working on their replacement to the SR-71 so there isn't any to track.
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This just in from Eta Carina...
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap971129.html
I'm not sure I believe that Eta Carina is producing natural laser, but if it is, I'll bet it's more powerful than the M-Go Blue Ray. And apparently has a very precise aiming mechanism to hit us so that we can detect it. If not, it's spewing all that radiation in all directions and we got lucky to detect it. That is more than 9 joules. -
Clarification and Full Details
NASA has the scoop on everything, including pretty pictures and charts of when you can see what based on timezone
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Re:Educational NASA Global Climate Model
Unfortunately the EdGCM project won't run under Linux. We are using Goddards' GISS series of coupled atmosphere-ocean models with a Java application which plots geo-gridded arrays from netCDF datasets. Its noteworthy that you can download and view datasets from simulation runs, too. Wouldn't this make a hell of an instructional tool?
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Re:Educational NASA Global Climate Model
Unfortunately the EdGCM project won't run under Linux. We are using Goddards' GISS series of coupled atmosphere-ocean models with a Java application which plots geo-gridded arrays from netCDF datasets. Its noteworthy that you can download and view datasets from simulation runs, too. Wouldn't this make a hell of an instructional tool?
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Re:Educational NASA Global Climate Model
Unfortunately the EdGCM project won't run under Linux. We are using Goddards' GISS series of coupled atmosphere-ocean models with a Java application which plots geo-gridded arrays from netCDF datasets. Its noteworthy that you can download and view datasets from simulation runs, too. Wouldn't this make a hell of an instructional tool?
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Re:Educational NASA Global Climate Model
Unfortunately the EdGCM project won't run under Linux. We are using Goddards' GISS series of coupled atmosphere-ocean models with a Java application which plots geo-gridded arrays from netCDF datasets. Its noteworthy that you can download and view datasets from simulation runs, too. Wouldn't this make a hell of an instructional tool?
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Re:Already is a way, and it's in developmentEventually all of our energy will be delivered from electrical utilities. Or alternatively beamed from space
Ok so those studies talk about beaming power to a mile-wide power collection facility, but it shouldn't be a stretch to see using a steam dirigible or high altitude plane as a power relay. -
Comparing
Budget
- Nasa: $17.6 billion / year
- Iraq: $200 billion / year (plus around $500 billion / year for the standard military budget)
- Entire Earth (including Iraq): 1
- Titan: 100
Imagine getting to Titan though. The first order of business would be prospecting for pockets of Oxygen in the crust to let you create energy from all of those hydrocarbons...
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Re:The War on Some Drugs
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Re:Sounds Like Ozone
'The human nose can be an extremely strong tool for some individuals, perhaps this is more than just psychosomatic? It would drive me crazy to never investigate this if I were in his shoes.'
The lunar astronauts have several theories on the (perhaps related) phenomenon of the smell of 'fresh' moondust, and seem quite interested in having this investigated further:
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2006/30jan_smellofmoondust.htm -
X-15
Another hypersonic aircraft carried by a B-52
http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/gallery/photo/X-15/Medium/EC65-885.jpg -
Re:Noise and price issues?
Hydrogen injection has nothing to do with engine design.
It's the concept of sheathing the projectile in a thin layer of a light gas, such as hydrogen. The speed of sound in hydrogen is higher than the speed of sound in air due to its being 14 times less dense, so you have less of a problem with heating. The above link says it "reduces noise", so I was wondering if it could be employed on aircraft to reduce the sonic boom. -
Satellite Warfare
Is it reasonable to assume that a large scale space war using high-explosive satellite killing missiles could cause a cascade failure of not just spy sats - but all sats (or a large portion of them)? The ISS is apparently the most heavily shileded spacecraft in orbit, and it can only handle hypervelocity impacts of 1cm in size or smaller. A bunch of spy satellite bits whizzing around might be kind of hard to manuver away from. I imagine it might take weeks or years for the full effects of a massive sat war to become realized. Worst case, could a bunch of space junk flying around in every usable orbit at high speeds essentially shut down space? Something as small as a paint chip can have devastating effects.
http://www.wstf.nasa.gov/Hazard/Hyper/debris.htm -
Correct URL
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Re:Yawn...It's a damn good point, but I'm better at it than a computer. Though to tell you the truth, Google's spam filter on gmail is darned close to perfect (once trained) - so I can see how they would be able to filter the information using something akin to their spam filter. And they'd still use something like pagerank to rank the results, so that might go a long way toward nailing the spammers.
But I wonder whether that approach is going to be any simpler or more effective than just developing better or more intelligent search algorithms? Then they don't have to determine whether or not the information is bullshit, because chances are that I'm not searching for herbal Viagra so my search terms aren't in the page.
It's not just spammers that will throw a wrench into the semantic web... what if I accidentally leave out the metadata for a page? Or make a cut-and-paste error and forget to edit the metadata so that it is completely wrong for a page? The answer, as I see it, is computer-generated metadata... at which point, why not just build that functionality into your search engine?
By the way, if you instead search for "Space Shuttle Launch Schedule", the first result on Google is very apropos. I often find that Google rarely leads you astray once you learn to think like a search engine (which isn't very hard - they are dumb). But I'll grant you that a more natural language for search queries would be a boon for beginners.
Oh, and the plus after March 11? There is a legend at the top of the page: Legend: + Targeted For | * No Earlier Than (Tentative) | ** To Be Determined :) -
Re:Yawn...
Uh huh.
When is the next shuttle launch?
This is the first hit, not shuttle launch info.
This is the second hit.. ah hah! The next launch is on Feb 7.. wait a minute, it's Feb 10! Was it delayed or something? Oh, I see, it says "Launched".. great, when's the next one.. March 11 +.. hmm.. wtf does + mean? Apparently I need to read this and hmm.. nothing there about what the + means.. I guess it means it might get delayed, they do that.
See all that reasoning I had to do? See how long that took me? That's what the Semantic Web is for. -
Re:Yawn...
Uh huh.
When is the next shuttle launch?
This is the first hit, not shuttle launch info.
This is the second hit.. ah hah! The next launch is on Feb 7.. wait a minute, it's Feb 10! Was it delayed or something? Oh, I see, it says "Launched".. great, when's the next one.. March 11 +.. hmm.. wtf does + mean? Apparently I need to read this and hmm.. nothing there about what the + means.. I guess it means it might get delayed, they do that.
See all that reasoning I had to do? See how long that took me? That's what the Semantic Web is for. -
Re:Yawn...
Uh huh.
When is the next shuttle launch?
This is the first hit, not shuttle launch info.
This is the second hit.. ah hah! The next launch is on Feb 7.. wait a minute, it's Feb 10! Was it delayed or something? Oh, I see, it says "Launched".. great, when's the next one.. March 11 +.. hmm.. wtf does + mean? Apparently I need to read this and hmm.. nothing there about what the + means.. I guess it means it might get delayed, they do that.
See all that reasoning I had to do? See how long that took me? That's what the Semantic Web is for. -
Look here NASA web tardsWhen I visit http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2008/feb/HQ_08036_GLAST.html I see:
There's a problem with your browser or settings.
Err no, try this.
Your browser or your browser's settings are not supported. To get the best experience possible, please download a compatible browser. If you know your browser is up to date, you should check to ensure that javascript is enabled.There's a problem with our website.
Nice doctype too...<!DOCTYPE "xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform'">
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Re:Call it...
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Re:Call it...
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Re:Call it...
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Eclipse
Given the timing of the article, it seems surprising that nobody mentioned whether or not the observatory will be taking pictures of this month's solar eclipse, for which the best viewing area is in Antarctica.
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Re:14.5 centimeters?
Is TDRS-1 still operating? It was a sick bird from the start twenty-four years ago and I'd be surprised it it were still alive.
NASA used TDRS-1 for proof of concept for GRTS in Canberra co-located with the DSN in the early 1990's to save the science data from GRO and later to close the zone of exclusion before NASA moved the third string of equipment from STGT to the GRGT in Guam.
I know TDRS-1 was being used ten years ago to communicate with the South Pole Station because it had enough eccentricity in its orbit to be above the horizon for 3.5 hours per day. It didn't have much fuel left and NASA stopped doing stationkeeping.
NASA used to do stationkeeping to keep the rest of the TDRS satellites right on the equator so I doubt it they would do much good close to the South Pole - at best they would be right on the horizon or a degree or two above it. -
Re:14.5 centimeters?
Is TDRS-1 still operating? It was a sick bird from the start twenty-four years ago and I'd be surprised it it were still alive.
NASA used TDRS-1 for proof of concept for GRTS in Canberra co-located with the DSN in the early 1990's to save the science data from GRO and later to close the zone of exclusion before NASA moved the third string of equipment from STGT to the GRGT in Guam.
I know TDRS-1 was being used ten years ago to communicate with the South Pole Station because it had enough eccentricity in its orbit to be above the horizon for 3.5 hours per day. It didn't have much fuel left and NASA stopped doing stationkeeping.
NASA used to do stationkeeping to keep the rest of the TDRS satellites right on the equator so I doubt it they would do much good close to the South Pole - at best they would be right on the horizon or a degree or two above it. -
Re:Noise and price issues?
Does Hydrogen Injection mess with the shape of the sonic boom? I.e. would it be quieter? If it does then they might be able to use that during the re-entry portion of their flight to help muffle the boom.
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Re:Its a bad day for the word ECO
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Re:Galactic Birkeland Currents
Moreover, intergalactic filaments are not unknown: NGC 1410/1409: Intergalactic Pipeline.
Leo
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"imprecise" - a whole new meaning
Any theory that attempts to explain the inverse temperature problem must also grapple with the fact that the solar wind continues to accelerate even as it passes the planets! There is no satisfying explanation for that one to date without consideration of an electric field, and the standard solar model miserably fails in explaining it. And this is no minor matter either because the solar wind, taken as a whole, constitutes the largest structure in our solar system, the heliospheric current sheet. Contemplate the implications of that for a moment: astrophysicists do not understand what is causing the motions of the largest structure in our own immediate neighborhood!
(pln2bz; source: http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=426528&cid=22144600; emphasis in the original).
"the solar wind continues to accelerate even as it passes the planets!" BUSTED http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=426528&cid=22148864, http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=426528&cid=22148128
(APODNereid; source: http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=426528&cid=22208390).
Not quite; see http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=426528&cid=22279668. Admittedly, however, the original statement, if enthusiastic, is also imprecise.
(leokor; source: http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=426528&cid=22279804; emphasis added).
If you know of even one observation that doesn't square with Peratt's model of galaxies, by all means, let us know. For Peratt's model, see:
A. L. Peratt. Evolution of the Plasma Universe I. Double Radio Galaxies, Quasars, and Extragalactic Jets. IEEE Transactions in Plasma Science, PS-14, 6 (1986)
A. L. Peratt. Evolution of the Plasma Universe II. The Formation of Systems of Galaxies. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, PS-14, 6 (1986)(leokor; source: http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=426528&cid=22284506; emphasis added).
How about this: "Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 from Hubble" (http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070529.html) - note the asymmetric arms, the large central bulge;
or this "One-Armed Spiral Galaxy NGC 4725" (http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050901.html)?To this day, Peratt's model remains the only one that explains the shape and stability of galaxies, and does it without recourse to such ad-hoc devices as dark matter.
(source as above; emphasis added).
Even in 1986, and allowing for enthusiasm, this remains ... imprecise.
For starters, the MOND folk (Milgrom, Sanders, McGaugh, etc) would no doubt take strong exception to the "without recourse to [...] dark matter" part (http://www.astro.umd.edu/~ssm/mond/).
Next, even in 1986, the observed "shape" of Double Radio Sources associated with Active Galactic Nuclei (DRAGNs) was inconsistent with the Peratt's model; today, with considerably more, much higher resolution, across many more EM wavebands observations, Peratt's model clearly fails both "shape" and "stability" criteria (an example: http://www.cv.nrao.edu/~abridle/dragnparts.htm).
Finally, we now have independent estimates of the radial distribution of mass in galaxies, from analyses of gravitational lensing, something not available to any sign -
"imprecise" - a whole new meaning
Any theory that attempts to explain the inverse temperature problem must also grapple with the fact that the solar wind continues to accelerate even as it passes the planets! There is no satisfying explanation for that one to date without consideration of an electric field, and the standard solar model miserably fails in explaining it. And this is no minor matter either because the solar wind, taken as a whole, constitutes the largest structure in our solar system, the heliospheric current sheet. Contemplate the implications of that for a moment: astrophysicists do not understand what is causing the motions of the largest structure in our own immediate neighborhood!
(pln2bz; source: http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=426528&cid=22144600; emphasis in the original).
"the solar wind continues to accelerate even as it passes the planets!" BUSTED http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=426528&cid=22148864, http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=426528&cid=22148128
(APODNereid; source: http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=426528&cid=22208390).
Not quite; see http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=426528&cid=22279668. Admittedly, however, the original statement, if enthusiastic, is also imprecise.
(leokor; source: http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=426528&cid=22279804; emphasis added).
If you know of even one observation that doesn't square with Peratt's model of galaxies, by all means, let us know. For Peratt's model, see:
A. L. Peratt. Evolution of the Plasma Universe I. Double Radio Galaxies, Quasars, and Extragalactic Jets. IEEE Transactions in Plasma Science, PS-14, 6 (1986)
A. L. Peratt. Evolution of the Plasma Universe II. The Formation of Systems of Galaxies. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, PS-14, 6 (1986)(leokor; source: http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=426528&cid=22284506; emphasis added).
How about this: "Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 from Hubble" (http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070529.html) - note the asymmetric arms, the large central bulge;
or this "One-Armed Spiral Galaxy NGC 4725" (http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050901.html)?To this day, Peratt's model remains the only one that explains the shape and stability of galaxies, and does it without recourse to such ad-hoc devices as dark matter.
(source as above; emphasis added).
Even in 1986, and allowing for enthusiasm, this remains ... imprecise.
For starters, the MOND folk (Milgrom, Sanders, McGaugh, etc) would no doubt take strong exception to the "without recourse to [...] dark matter" part (http://www.astro.umd.edu/~ssm/mond/).
Next, even in 1986, the observed "shape" of Double Radio Sources associated with Active Galactic Nuclei (DRAGNs) was inconsistent with the Peratt's model; today, with considerably more, much higher resolution, across many more EM wavebands observations, Peratt's model clearly fails both "shape" and "stability" criteria (an example: http://www.cv.nrao.edu/~abridle/dragnparts.htm).
Finally, we now have independent estimates of the radial distribution of mass in galaxies, from analyses of gravitational lensing, something not available to any sign -
Re:The only problem...
Yeah, that's why NASA uses genetic algorithms for antenna design instead of doing it manually, and estimates that it takes less work.
Err... -
Re:Don't lump them together
Incidentally, dark matter was observed last year. Or rather, we've seen its effects via gravitational lensing with enough resolution to map its distribution in relation to some other objects. This in turn helps us say what it might be and what it definitely isn't. For example, the bullet cluster image demonstrates pretty clearly that it is stuff, as it has been stripped away from a couple of galaxy clusters in collision. This best fits the WIMP (weakly interacting massive particles) theory of dark matter and is a big blow to the modified relativity camp. See here and here for some pretty pictures and explanations.
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Re:Don't lump them together
Incidentally, dark matter was observed last year. Or rather, we've seen its effects via gravitational lensing with enough resolution to map its distribution in relation to some other objects. This in turn helps us say what it might be and what it definitely isn't. For example, the bullet cluster image demonstrates pretty clearly that it is stuff, as it has been stripped away from a couple of galaxy clusters in collision. This best fits the WIMP (weakly interacting massive particles) theory of dark matter and is a big blow to the modified relativity camp. See here and here for some pretty pictures and explanations.
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Re:Mercury = moon?
They did actually take a few color photos. There was only limited opportunity to take (false) color shots, since the 3 color channels had to be taken sequentially, and probe was moving quite fast during close approach, so the color pictures don't show the small details like this "spider" crater.
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Re:Cool Logo
http://history.nasa.gov/meatball.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_logo
Although, the Star Trek emblem is far better looking, and has withstood the test of time (although trimming itself down)
However...
http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-082606a.html -
Re:da it true
Soyuz, Progress too
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The Price Is Right with Host Dan Glickman!Unfortunately, the MPAA has yet to release the actual reports that generated either the 44 percent or 15 percent claims about the role of college students in digital piracy; the public data are limited to PowerPoint graphics in PDF format on the association's web site. MPAA Secretary: I'm almost done authoring the report on college file sharing piracy ruining the movie industry, sir. I just need to know what number the researchers found in their study.
Dan Glickman: Researchers? We're an organization of lawyers, not scienticians! We make the numbers, not find them. But it can't be too high or it will be unrealistic and people will ask questions but the higher it is, the more blame we can put on it.
MPAA Secretary: 50 percent?
Dan Glickman: Too high, go lower.
MPAA Secretary: 30 percent?
Dan Glickman: Higher.
MPAA Secretary: 40 percent?
Dan Glickman: Higher.
MPAA Secretary: 45 percent?
Dan Glickman: Lower.
MPAA Secretary: 41 percent?
Dan Glickman: Higher.
MPAA Secretary: 42 percent?
Dan Glickman: Higher.
MPAA Secretary: 43 percent?
Dan Glickman: Higher.
MPAA Secretary: 44 percent?
Dan Glickman: Ding ding ding!
MPAA Secretary: But sir, that's a lot of money, what if they ask questions?
Dan Glickman: Oh, grow up, it's in PowerPoint! PowerPoint is never wrong. Rocket scientists don't even question what's in PowerPoint! What is your problem?
In all seriousness though, I've drawn up solutions on green engineering paper in the middle of meetings with pencil and everytime my boss hated it. But if I went back to my desk and made a box with a computer pointing to another box full of fecal matter in PowerPoint, management gobbles that right up without asking any questions. -
Re:One MILLION Dollars!
NASA needs to spearhead projects that are useful, in collaboration with the rest of the space-viewing world. The fact that there isn't a loud voice shouting about this concept to the pols is embarrassing.
What makes you think this isn't already happening? NASA already does this. On the national level, the US has the Near Earth Object program headed out of NASA's JPL. The Spaceguard Foundation acts on the international level.
NASA has a fair number of other projects that are immediately "useful", as opposed to indirectly useful, as part of the Earth Observing System. The TRMM project, for example, monitors tropical rain, which is useful for predicting hurricanes.
DISCLOSURE: my job is in aerospace. :) -
Re:One MILLION Dollars!
NASA needs to spearhead projects that are useful, in collaboration with the rest of the space-viewing world. The fact that there isn't a loud voice shouting about this concept to the pols is embarrassing.
What makes you think this isn't already happening? NASA already does this. On the national level, the US has the Near Earth Object program headed out of NASA's JPL. The Spaceguard Foundation acts on the international level.
NASA has a fair number of other projects that are immediately "useful", as opposed to indirectly useful, as part of the Earth Observing System. The TRMM project, for example, monitors tropical rain, which is useful for predicting hurricanes.
DISCLOSURE: my job is in aerospace. :) -
Re:One MILLION Dollars!
NASA needs to spearhead projects that are useful, in collaboration with the rest of the space-viewing world. The fact that there isn't a loud voice shouting about this concept to the pols is embarrassing.
What makes you think this isn't already happening? NASA already does this. On the national level, the US has the Near Earth Object program headed out of NASA's JPL. The Spaceguard Foundation acts on the international level.
NASA has a fair number of other projects that are immediately "useful", as opposed to indirectly useful, as part of the Earth Observing System. The TRMM project, for example, monitors tropical rain, which is useful for predicting hurricanes.
DISCLOSURE: my job is in aerospace. :) -
Tracking the orbit
Where can I track the orbit of this satellite? http://science.nasa.gov/Realtime/jtrack/3d/JTrack3D.html don't list it. http://www.n2yo.com/ lists it, but can't track it.
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Image copyrights - addendumI said: yet at least some of the images used have copyrights of their own On further investigation, it seems that only one of the images^ whose sources I have been able to find has a copyright (there are some - such as the one on page 1 - that I have so far been unable to source).
However, several have usage statements.
For example, the Comet Linear image, from the STScI: "it is requested that in any subsequent use of this work NASA and STScI be given appropriate acknowledgement." (http://hubblesite.org/copyright/)
And the Comet NEAT image, from SOHO: "It is requested, however, that any such use properly attributes the source of the images or data" (http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/data/summary/copyright.html).
^ The image of asteroid Itokawa, from JAXA, has this: "When using materials, JAXA should be credited as the source. (Unless noted otherwise, the copyrights of the materials in the Photo Archives belong to JAXA.)" (http://jda.jaxa.jp/jda/service_e.html) -
Re:The size of the Hubble?How do you think Lockheed knew how to build Hubble?
;-) Our old pal Perkin-Elmer built the optics. http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19910003124_1991003124.pdf -
Got it. (Thanks for being honest)
In future, when I respond to your comments, I shall state explicitly that the intended audience does not include you.
With that preamble over ...
Down here, at the bottom of the ocean of air, distant "point sources" in the optical (or visible) and near-infrared wavebands are smeared out by what astronomers call "seeing". You notice this as the twinkling of stars in the night sky. Assuming radial symmetry*, the 1D distribution of intensity of such a seeing smeared point source looks like a Gaussian, but isn't (it's a Kolmogorov distribution, as the primary source of distortion is turbulence). Adaptive optics is a term used to describe a range of techniques to deconvolve the seeing, to recover the "beyond the atmosphere" 2D distribution of source intensity; the most ambitious of these aim to deliver diffraction limited images, using phase conjugation and laser guide beacons to "measure and compensate for turbulence-induced phase aberrations in three dimensions".
The image cited by pln2bz was taken by NaCO (NAOS-CONICA, Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System Near-Infrared Imager and Spectrograph), attached to one of the VLTs (http://www.eso.org/instruments/naco/index.html). Note the following comment: "Publications based on data obtained with the NACO instrument should quote the following reference papers: Lenzen, R. et al. 2003, SPIE 4841, 944 and Rousset, G. et al. 2003, SPIE 4839, 140." Clearly, pln2bz did not bother (perhaps he felt his SD comments did not constitute a "publication"); he's in good company, as his source was undoubtedly TPOD (or similar), which also did not bother.
Why does this matter?
Fundamentally, it goes to the issue of "evidence", which EU proponents (not only pln2bz, not only on Slashdot) get so worked up about.
As I said above, the two objects in the VLT/NACO image are statistically the same as two point sources.
One could, as pln2bz has done, claim to see something other than two point sources.
However, one could also claim that there's a face in the image (example1: http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070421.html; example2: http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap990315.html), or a planet with rings (example: http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap071023.html), or even invisible pink fairies ... there is no objective method (that I know of) to choose between these claims.
Amusing aside: some of you have seen this "neutrino image" of the Sun (or similar) http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980605.html, http://elvis.phys.lsu.edu/svoboda/superk/sun.gif. At least one prolific EU proponent interpreted this to show that neutrinos are emitted from the surface of the Sun, not its core! {insert ROFL smilies here}^
Concerning BAUT
There is a very long thread there, on the Electric Universe (nearly 2400 posts! http://www.bautforum.com/against-mainstream/28596-electric-universe-model.html), as well as instructions to all those who wish to post on the topic, and links to all other EU-related threads (http://www.bautforum.com/against-mainstream/45529-read-first-re-posting-electric-universe-ideas-here.html).
In addition, this thread may be of interest to readers of this comment: http://www.bautforum.com/about-baut/55206-reflections-year-half-s-experience-baut-s-atm-section.html.
* whic -
Got it. (Thanks for being honest)
In future, when I respond to your comments, I shall state explicitly that the intended audience does not include you.
With that preamble over ...
Down here, at the bottom of the ocean of air, distant "point sources" in the optical (or visible) and near-infrared wavebands are smeared out by what astronomers call "seeing". You notice this as the twinkling of stars in the night sky. Assuming radial symmetry*, the 1D distribution of intensity of such a seeing smeared point source looks like a Gaussian, but isn't (it's a Kolmogorov distribution, as the primary source of distortion is turbulence). Adaptive optics is a term used to describe a range of techniques to deconvolve the seeing, to recover the "beyond the atmosphere" 2D distribution of source intensity; the most ambitious of these aim to deliver diffraction limited images, using phase conjugation and laser guide beacons to "measure and compensate for turbulence-induced phase aberrations in three dimensions".
The image cited by pln2bz was taken by NaCO (NAOS-CONICA, Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System Near-Infrared Imager and Spectrograph), attached to one of the VLTs (http://www.eso.org/instruments/naco/index.html). Note the following comment: "Publications based on data obtained with the NACO instrument should quote the following reference papers: Lenzen, R. et al. 2003, SPIE 4841, 944 and Rousset, G. et al. 2003, SPIE 4839, 140." Clearly, pln2bz did not bother (perhaps he felt his SD comments did not constitute a "publication"); he's in good company, as his source was undoubtedly TPOD (or similar), which also did not bother.
Why does this matter?
Fundamentally, it goes to the issue of "evidence", which EU proponents (not only pln2bz, not only on Slashdot) get so worked up about.
As I said above, the two objects in the VLT/NACO image are statistically the same as two point sources.
One could, as pln2bz has done, claim to see something other than two point sources.
However, one could also claim that there's a face in the image (example1: http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070421.html; example2: http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap990315.html), or a planet with rings (example: http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap071023.html), or even invisible pink fairies ... there is no objective method (that I know of) to choose between these claims.
Amusing aside: some of you have seen this "neutrino image" of the Sun (or similar) http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980605.html, http://elvis.phys.lsu.edu/svoboda/superk/sun.gif. At least one prolific EU proponent interpreted this to show that neutrinos are emitted from the surface of the Sun, not its core! {insert ROFL smilies here}^
Concerning BAUT
There is a very long thread there, on the Electric Universe (nearly 2400 posts! http://www.bautforum.com/against-mainstream/28596-electric-universe-model.html), as well as instructions to all those who wish to post on the topic, and links to all other EU-related threads (http://www.bautforum.com/against-mainstream/45529-read-first-re-posting-electric-universe-ideas-here.html).
In addition, this thread may be of interest to readers of this comment: http://www.bautforum.com/about-baut/55206-reflections-year-half-s-experience-baut-s-atm-section.html.
* whic -
Got it. (Thanks for being honest)
In future, when I respond to your comments, I shall state explicitly that the intended audience does not include you.
With that preamble over ...
Down here, at the bottom of the ocean of air, distant "point sources" in the optical (or visible) and near-infrared wavebands are smeared out by what astronomers call "seeing". You notice this as the twinkling of stars in the night sky. Assuming radial symmetry*, the 1D distribution of intensity of such a seeing smeared point source looks like a Gaussian, but isn't (it's a Kolmogorov distribution, as the primary source of distortion is turbulence). Adaptive optics is a term used to describe a range of techniques to deconvolve the seeing, to recover the "beyond the atmosphere" 2D distribution of source intensity; the most ambitious of these aim to deliver diffraction limited images, using phase conjugation and laser guide beacons to "measure and compensate for turbulence-induced phase aberrations in three dimensions".
The image cited by pln2bz was taken by NaCO (NAOS-CONICA, Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System Near-Infrared Imager and Spectrograph), attached to one of the VLTs (http://www.eso.org/instruments/naco/index.html). Note the following comment: "Publications based on data obtained with the NACO instrument should quote the following reference papers: Lenzen, R. et al. 2003, SPIE 4841, 944 and Rousset, G. et al. 2003, SPIE 4839, 140." Clearly, pln2bz did not bother (perhaps he felt his SD comments did not constitute a "publication"); he's in good company, as his source was undoubtedly TPOD (or similar), which also did not bother.
Why does this matter?
Fundamentally, it goes to the issue of "evidence", which EU proponents (not only pln2bz, not only on Slashdot) get so worked up about.
As I said above, the two objects in the VLT/NACO image are statistically the same as two point sources.
One could, as pln2bz has done, claim to see something other than two point sources.
However, one could also claim that there's a face in the image (example1: http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070421.html; example2: http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap990315.html), or a planet with rings (example: http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap071023.html), or even invisible pink fairies ... there is no objective method (that I know of) to choose between these claims.
Amusing aside: some of you have seen this "neutrino image" of the Sun (or similar) http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980605.html, http://elvis.phys.lsu.edu/svoboda/superk/sun.gif. At least one prolific EU proponent interpreted this to show that neutrinos are emitted from the surface of the Sun, not its core! {insert ROFL smilies here}^
Concerning BAUT
There is a very long thread there, on the Electric Universe (nearly 2400 posts! http://www.bautforum.com/against-mainstream/28596-electric-universe-model.html), as well as instructions to all those who wish to post on the topic, and links to all other EU-related threads (http://www.bautforum.com/against-mainstream/45529-read-first-re-posting-electric-universe-ideas-here.html).
In addition, this thread may be of interest to readers of this comment: http://www.bautforum.com/about-baut/55206-reflections-year-half-s-experience-baut-s-atm-section.html.
* whic