Slashdot Mirror

An anonymous reader writes "As cool as Bitcoin is, it looks like it lost 1/3 of its value in the last 24 hours. Lots of big sells, complaints of liquidity, and pissed off nerds." The linked article goes on to explain that the value rose again, so the aggregate loss was considerably less. The author also helps defuse claims that Bitcoin is untraceable or otherwise especially well suited to nefarious activities.

hackingbear writes "After completing its 6-month moon survey mission, China's second moon orbiter, Chang'e-2, was found to be in excellent condition and has abundant fuel left, and so it set off from its moon orbit into deep space, heading toward Lagrangian point L2 about 1.5 million kilometers away from the earth, or about 4 times farther out than the moon. The orbiter left its moon orbit at 5:10 p.m., according to the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence. The probe is expected to perform exploration at L2. It is the first Chinese spacecraft to venture beyond the moon and establish the country's capability in deep space exploration."

aabelro writes "Google, Microsoft and Yahoo! have decided to propose a common markup vocabulary, Schema.org, based on the Microdata format, simplifying the job of webmasters who want to give meaning to their web pages' content." Manu Sporny, chair of the W3C group that created RDFa, added his (personal) dissenting opinion about Schema, calling it a 'false choice,' and saying, "The entire Web community should decide which features should be supported – not just Microsoft or Google or Yahoo."

An anonymous reader writes "Inspired by a proposal by Beth Noveck, professor of law at New York Law School, the Minister for Intellectual Property, Baroness Wilcox, launched a UK 'Peer To Patent' pilot project to identify prior art in patent applications by harnessing the wider community of experts and engaged citizens." We could use something like that, too. Perhaps Noveck could get together with Carl Malamud to hash out a system that encourages participation.

theodp writes "Working calmly in broad daylight and filming their efforts for YouTube posterity, a fake construction crew attached a large Microsoft Windows logo to the black facade of a soon-to-open Hamburg Apple Store. Neat hack in the MIT vein, but next time the crew might want to take along a pic of the Windows logo — with the adrenaline flowing, some of the colors got rearranged and were hung upside down."

decora writes "In the Espionage Act trial of NSA IT Whistleblower Thomas Drake, the main evidence against him are five documents he allegedly 'willfully retained' in his basement. The government, for the first time, is using the Silent Witness Rule to 'substitute' words in this evidence so that the public will not be able to see the allegedly sensitive information. The result of this 'substitution' process has been described by the defense as a tangled mess of boxes, arrows, and code words [PDF] that will impossibly confuse the facts of the case. 'Two weeks before trial, Mr. Drake and his counsel still do not know what evidence the jury will see.'"

theodp writes "Passed in 2009, India's Right to Education Act mandates that private schools set aside 25% of admissions for low-income, underprivileged and disabled students. Many of the world's top private schools offer scholarships to smart poor kids, but India's plan is more sweeping in that the rules prohibit admission-testing of students. 'Over the years schooling offered by these two systems [public and private] has become increasingly disparate and unequal,' explained Anshu Vaish of the Dept. of Human Resource Development. But the most notable results of the experiment thus far, reports the WSJ, are frustration and disappointment as separations that define Indian society are upended, leading even some supporters to conclude that the chasm between the top and bottom of Indian society is too great to overcome. Hey, at least we don't have these kinds of problems in the US, right? BTW, about 30% of this year's Intel Science Talent Search 2011 Finalists hailed from private schools, where annual tuition ranges from $15,750 at Ursuline Academy (the alma mater of Melinda Gates) to $37,020 at Groton School (the alma mater of FDR). Some 10% of all elementary and secondary school students were in private schools in 2009-2010, according to the US Dept. of Education."

Hugh Pickens writes "Researchers have developed a computer algorithm that can rank images based on memorability. They found that in general, images with people in them are the most memorable, followed by images of human-scale space — such as the produce aisle of a grocery store — and close-ups of objects. Least memorable are natural landscapes. Researchers built a collection of about 10,000 images of all kinds for the study — interior-design photos, nature scenes, streetscapes and others, and human subjects who participated through Amazon's Mechanical Turk program were told to indicate, by pressing a key on their keyboard, when an image appeared that they had already seen. The researchers then used machine-learning techniques to create a computational model that analyzed the images and their memorability as rated by humans by analyzing various statistics — such as color, or the distribution of edges — and correlated them with the image's memorability. 'There has been a lot of work in trying to understand what makes an image interesting, or appealing, or what makes people like a particular image,' says Alexei Efros at Carnegie Mellon University. 'What [the MIT researchers] did was basically approach the problem from a very scientific point of view and say that one thing we can measure is memorability.' Researchers believe the algorithm may be useful (PDF) to graphic designers, photo editors, or anyone trying to decide which of their vacation photos to post on Facebook."

An anonymous reader writes "A UC San Diego team is about to demonstrate a solid state storage device that it says provides performance thousands of times faster than a conventional hard drive and up to seven times faster than current state-of-the-art solid-state drives. The drive uses first-of-its-kind phase-change memory, which stores data in the crystal structure of a metal alloy called a chalcogenide. To store data, the PCM chips switch the alloy between a crystalline and amorphous state based on the application of heat through an electrical current. To read the data, the chips use a smaller current to determine which state the chalcogenide is in."

Like so many, Russians are finding themselves unfulfilled by planking, and a few are now burying themselves alive. The practice has become so common that State newspaper Rossiiskaya Gazeta has even run a feature on it. Unfortunately, a Russian man has died after persuading a friend to bury him alive for a night, hoping it would bring him 'good luck.' Alexei Lubinsky, a senior aide to the region's chief investigator says, 'According to his friend, the man wanted to test his endurance and insistently asked his friend to help him spend the night buried. We know that the victim was a computer programmer and that he has a small child.'"

GPLHost-Thomas writes "The very last components that were needed to run Xen as a dom0 have finally reached kernel.org. The Xen block backend was one major feature missing from 2.6.39 dom0 support, and it's now included. Posts on the Xen blog, at Oracle and at Citrix celebrate this achievement."

Hugh Pickens writes "Back in early '90s, British anthropologist Robin Dunbar began studying human social groups, measuring the number of people an individual can maintain regular contact with, and came up with 150 — a number that appears to be constant throughout human history — from the size of neolithic villages to military units to 20th century contact books. But in the last decade, social networking technology has had a profound influence on the way people connect, vastly increasing the ease with which we can communicate with and follow others, so it's not uncommon for tweeters to follow and be followed by thousands of others. Now Bruno Goncalves has studied the network of links created by three million Twitter users over four years. After counting tweets that are mutual and regular as signifying a significant social bond, he found that when people start tweeting, their number of friends increases to a saturation point until they become overwhelmed. Beyond that saturation point, the conversations with less important contacts start to become less frequent and the tweeters begin to concentrate on the people they have the strongest links with. So what is the saturation point? The answer is between 100 and 200, just as Dunbar predicts. 'This finding suggests that even though modern social networks help us to log all the people with whom we meet and interact,' says Goncalves, 'they are unable to overcome the biological and physical constraints that limit stable social relations (PDF).'"

whoever57 writes "In a case that could have implications for the Ryan Giggs affair, Twitter revealed user details in response to a legal action filed in San Mateo county, CA by lawyers representing South Tyneside council. The alleged libel refers to critical comments made via Twitter. It is possible that one of the people making the critical comments is one of the council members."

Hugh Pickens writes writes "Medical groups from the American Medical Association to the American Society of Microbiology have appealed to the government and industry for years to restrict the practice of providing sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics for livestock, lest critical antibiotics become useless for human treatments. Now Tom Laskawy reports that a coalition of environmental groups has decided to sue the Federal Drug Administration to follow its own safety findings and withdraw approval for most non-therapeutic uses of penicillin and tetracyclines in animal feed to healthy livestock when it's not medically necessary. 'While this may cause eyerolls among some who look at this as "just another lawsuit," there's something very important going on with the courts and contested science right now,' writes Laskawy. 'As it happens, one of the main roles of a judge is as "finder of fact." In practice, this means that judges determine whether scientific evidence is compelling enough to force government action."'"

mask.of.sanity writes "Australia's largest bank, the Commonwealth Bank, has cancelled 8,000 credit cards after it detected a data breach at a merchant. Mastercard and Visa may issue penalties including fines to the acquiring bank under the payment industry's PCI-DSS compliance rules. News of breaches is uncommon in Australia because the nation does not have data breach disclosure laws."

Trailrunner7 writes "Remote timing attacks have been a problem for cryptosystems for more than 20 years. A new paper shows that such attacks are still practical ... The researchers, Billy Bob Brumley and Nicola Tuveri of Aalto University School of Science, focused their efforts on OpenSSL's implementation of the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm, and they were able to develop an attack that allowed them to steal the private key of an OpenSSL server."

Panaflex writes "D-Wave systems announced general availability for its 128 qubit adiabatic quantum machine just two weeks ago, and reports of its first sale to Lockheed Martin have come out." The D-Wave Systems site has a rather informative collection of quantum computing papers.

jfruhlinger writes "Google today announced Google Wallet, an NFC-based payment system that will allow people to pay for purchases just by waving their phone across a reader. It's the beginning of a future where commercial transactions are 'frictionless' and convenient — but it's a future where every transaction can be tracked and data-mined, as Dan Tynan points out. Stores can user information about your Doritos purchases to rearrange their wares; Google could push coupons via its new Google Offers service; your health insurance company might be interested in your sodium intake."

dotancohen writes "After nearly a year of trying to reestablish communications with the Mars Spirit rover, NASA has decided to suspend efforts. Communications channels used to contact the vehicle (redesignated from "rover" to "spot" when it got stuck in a sand trap) will be used to develop a communications base with the next Mars rover: the ambitious Mars Science Laboratory."

An anonymous reader writes "Supercomputer giant Cray has lifted the lid on its first GPU offering, bringing it into the realm of top supers like the Chinese Tianhe-1A" The machine consists of racks of blades, each with eight GPU and CPU pairs (that can even be installed into older machines). It looks like Cray delayed the release of hardware using GPUs to work on a higher level programming environment than is available from other vendors.

jrepin writes "The signatories of this statement are representatives of civil society from around the world working towards the promotion of Internet freedom, digital rights, and open communication. The French Presidency of the G8 is holding a G8 internet meeting -- the eG8 Forum -- immediately before the G8 Summit in Deauville, with a view to shaping the agenda of the G8 Summit regarding key global internet policy. This meeting is significant because this is the first year that the internet's role in society and the economy is explicitly on the G8 agenda. We believe that G8 Member States should use the e-G8 meeting as an opportunity to publicly commit to expanding internet access for all, combating digital censorship and surveillance, limiting online intermediary liability, and upholding principles of net neutrality."

jrepin writes "The signatories of this statement are representatives of civil society from around the world working towards the promotion of Internet freedom, digital rights, and open communication. The French Presidency of the G8 is holding a G8 internet meeting -- the eG8 Forum -- immediately before the G8 Summit in Deauville, with a view to shaping the agenda of the G8 Summit regarding key global internet policy. This meeting is significant because this is the first year that the internet's role in society and the economy is explicitly on the G8 agenda. We believe that G8 Member States should use the e-G8 meeting as an opportunity to publicly commit to expanding internet access for all, combating digital censorship and surveillance, limiting online intermediary liability, and upholding principles of net neutrality."

RayTomes writes "The Obama administration has provided a loan guarantee of $737 million to construct the first large-scale solar power plant that stores energy and provides electricity 24 hours a day, 7 days a week." This solar power project, a heliostat rather than a photovoltaic system, with a molten salt system to store power as heat for times when the sun isn't shining, will be constructed in Nevada and, says the article, is expected to create "600 construction jobs and 45 permanent positions."

An anonymous reader writes "The first cooperative platooning competition, where vehicles use radio communication in addition to sensors, was held in Helmond, Holland a week ago. By using wireless communication the awareness range of each vehicle is extended, enabling vehicles to travel closer together which increases road capacity while at the same time avoiding the shockwave effects responsible for traffic jams. The Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge distinguishes itself from earlier platooning demos (e.g. the PATH project) by having a completely heterogeneous mix of vehicles and systems built by multiple researcher and student teams. Using wireless communication to coordinate vehicles raises concerns about the safety of such systems, would you trust WiFi to drive your car?"

Even though he created the definitive guide to enjoying yourself outside, Jonathan Coulton is best known for the programmer anthem Code Monkey, his Thing a Week project, and writing the theme song to Portal. In 2005 Coulton left his programming job to pursue his music career, and has since become a successful one man music label. Jonathan has agreed to answer your questions about robots, life, and internet stardom. Normal Slashdot interview rules apply.

Hugh Pickens writes "Drawing on cognitive science, an increasing number of game theorists and designers say that our growing love of video games has important things to tell us about our intrinsic desires and motivations. Central to it all is a simple theory – that games are fun because they teach us interesting things and they do it in a way that our brains prefer – through systems and puzzles. 'With games, learning is the drug,' writes Raph Koster, the designer of seminal multiplayer fantasy games such as Ultima Online and Star Wars Galaxies. 'In game theory, this is often spoken of as the "magic circle": you enter into a realm where the rules of the real world don't apply – and typically being judged on success and failure is part of the real world. People need to feel free to try things and to learn without being judged or penalised.' Another important element is autonomy as games tap into our need to have control. This is very obvious in 'god games' such as The Sims, where we shape the lives of virtual humans, but it's becoming a vital element of action adventures and shooters, too. Finally another important game design facet is 'disproportionate feedback,' in which players are hugely rewarded for achieving very simple tasks. In highly successful shooters such as Call of Duty and Bulletstorm, when an enemy is shot, they don't just collapse to the floor, they explode into chunks. 'You're good, you're a success – you're powerful,' writes Stuart. 'Disproportionate feedback is an endorphin come-on.'"

Dominare writes with this bit from ZDnet: "'A confidential internal Apple document tells the company's front-line support people how to handle customers who call about malware infections: Don't confirm or deny that an infection exists, and whatever you do, don't try to remove it.' So basically, now that Macs have their own equivalent to XP Antivirus the best you can hope for is to be pointed at the store where you can buy something that may or may not fix your problem ... nice."

An anonymous reader writes "Are DOS game emulators like the highly-respectable DOSBox good enough now, or is there still no substitute for the real thing? Like a lot of Slashdotters I'm getting older and simplifying, which means tossing out old junk. Which means The Closet full of DOS era crap. And I'm hesitating — should I put aside things like the ISA SoundBlaster with gameport? Am I trashing things that some fellow geek somewhere truly needs to preserve the old games? Or can I now truck all this stuff down to recycling without a twinge of guilt? (Younger folk who didn't play DOOM at 320x200 should really resist commenting this time. Let the Mods keep them off our lawn.)"

Trepidity writes "Wikipedia has been making an effort to mark up articles with latitude-longitude coordinates when they refer to a specific location. It's now been done for over a million articles (across all languages). I was curious which parts of the world have gotten the most coverage. The answer: Florence, Italy has the most articles within a 1-km-diameter circle; and London tops both the 10-km and 100-km lists. Full results and methodology details are available."

eldavojohn writes "Researchers are now suggesting that a newly-discovered arm of the Milky Way Galaxy gives it a warped structure. Accumulated evidence leads them to claim that an 18-kpc-long arm exists on the other side of the galaxy and this arm traverses some 50 degrees across our sky as an extension of the Scutum-Centaurus Arm (which is one of the two major arms of our galaxy, the other being the Perseus Arm that we can see much more clearly). The researchers conclude that this extension of the Scutum-Centaurus Arm is partially obscured behind the middle of our galaxy because our galaxy is warped 'like the cap from a freshly-opened beer bottle.'"

eldavojohn writes "Researchers are now suggesting that a newly-discovered arm of the Milky Way Galaxy gives it a warped structure. Accumulated evidence leads them to claim that an 18-kpc-long arm exists on the other side of the galaxy and this arm traverses some 50 degrees across our sky as an extension of the Scutum-Centaurus Arm (which is one of the two major arms of our galaxy, the other being the Perseus Arm that we can see much more clearly). The researchers conclude that this extension of the Scutum-Centaurus Arm is partially obscured behind the middle of our galaxy because our galaxy is warped 'like the cap from a freshly-opened beer bottle.'"

mikejuk writes "According to an announcement at a robotics conference this week, Aldebaran Robotics is planning to make a significant portion of its code open source. The NAOqi embedded software is cross-platform and forms a distributed robotics framework. The Nao robot has come from a small start to become one of the standard tools of educational and research robotics and it is also a lot of fun. At the moment a Nao is still a little too expensive to be used as a recreational platform, but who knows? Currently it is claimed that there are over 1500 Nao robots being used in education and research."

Repossessed writes "Amazon is now cracking down on Yaoi manga, with several titles that have been available on the Kindle since 2009 being delisted and others now being rejected, according to Digital Manga Publisher. DMP has also stated that Amazon has not given any rationale for the rejections and removals, and Amazon has not been answering emails or phone calls from journalists asking about the subject."

An anonymous reader writes "The Canadian music industry's copyright collective is demanding the creation of a new copying tax on all memory cards sold in Canada. The Canadian Private Copying Collective has filed for a tax of up to $3 per memory card to compensate for music copying on SD cards. If approved, the tax could cost consumers millions of dollars." Makes no less sense than the current levy exacted on blank CDs and audiotapes in Canada — and no more sense, either.

saccade.com writes "Telehack.com has meticulously re-created the Internet as it appeared to a command line user over a quarter century ago. Drawing on material from Jason Scott's TextFiles.com, the text-only world of the 1980s appears right in your browser. If you want to show somebody what the Arpanet looked like (you didn't call it the "Internet" until the late '80s) this is it. Using the 'finger' command and seeing familiar names from decades ago (some, sadly, ghosts now) sends a chill down your spine."

jayminer writes "Results for the United States Diversity Visa Lottery for 2012 were declared void due to a programming glitch in the random selection algorithm. At first, the results were published as promised on May, 1st. Then, on May, 6th, the results were withdrawn with the web site claiming to experience 'technical difficulties.' Today (May, 13th), it is declared that the results are invalid due to an algorithm glitch; the computer program has been fixed and the lottery will be re-run. The final results are expected to be published July 15th."

purehavnet writes "For many months the volunteers at the Centre for Computing History have been working on capturing and preserving the data from the BBC Domesday System. A complete set of data from the community disc was supplied to the BBC, who have now released the Domesday Reloaded project. This allows most of the community data from the original system to be viewed online."

lekernel writes "After years of passionate and engaging development, the video synthesizer from the Milkymist project is expected to go out of beta in August. Dubbed 'Milkymist One,' it features as central component a system-on-chip made exclusively of IP cores licensed under the open source principles, and is aimed at use by a general audience of video performance artists, clubs and musicians. It is one of the first consumer electronics products putting forward open source semiconductor IP, open PCB design and open source software at the same time. The full source code is available for download from Github, and a few hardware kits are available from specialized electronics distributors."

An anonymous reader writes "The May 10th deadline for comments on the .net registry agreement renewal has arrived with new domain name dispute changes that aid corporations. Instead of UDRP, the new agreement proposes adding the Uniform Rapid Suspension (URS) process to the .net TLD. The URS is a quick $200 process for a trademark holder to disable and take ownership of a domain. URS also reduces the panel size from 1-3 people to a single person. You can still comment on the proposal by sending an email to ICANN (net-agreement-renewal@)."

nukem996 writes "AMD has just announced that they will be supporting Coreboot (previously LinuxBIOS) on all upcoming processors." That means a flexible Free software BIOS replacement with a nice list of benefits.

Arnold Reinhold writes "This month ends with the 125th anniversary of one of the most remarkable achievements in technology history. Over two days beginning Monday, May 31, 1886, the railroad network in the southern United States was converted from a five-foot gauge to one compatible with the slightly narrower gauge used in the US North, now know as standard gauge. The shift was meticulously planned and executed. It required one side of every track to be moved three inches closer to the other. All wheel sets had to be adjusted as well. Some minor track and rolling stock was sensibly deferred until later, but by Wednesday the South's 11,500 mile rail network was back in business and able to exchange rail cars with the North. Other countries are still struggling with incompatible rail gauges. Australia still has three. Most of Europe runs on standard gauge, but Russia uses essentially the same five foot gauge as the old South and Spain and Portugal use an even broader gauge. India has a multi-year Project Unigauge, aimed at converting its narrow gauge lines to the subcontinent's five foot six inch standard."

fysdt sends this quote from a Reuters report: "An unmanned Atlas 5 rocket blasted off from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on Saturday to put the first satellite of the Defense Department's new missile-warning system into orbit. Tucked inside the rocket's nosecone was the $1.3 billion Space-Based Infrared Systems (SBIRS) Geo-1 spacecraft, built by Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman. The satellite, the first of four scheduled for launch over the next five years, is intended to provide the US military with early notice of missile launches and other reconnaissance services. The $17.6 billion SBIRS constellation, which includes sensors on host satellites, will augment and eventually replace the military's Defense Support Program satellites, which have been operating since 1970. The satellites scour the planet for heat trails produced by flying rockets and missiles."

Hugh Pickens writes "The crash of a helicopter involved in the raid on Osama bin Laden's Pakistani hideout has prompted intense speculation about whether the aircraft was specially modified to fly stealthily — and whether its remains could offer hostile governments clues to sensitive US military technology. Remnants of the helicopter, including a nearly intact piece of its tail, suggested that the aircraft involved in the raid wasn't the typical Black Hawk flown by special-operations forces. Aviation experts who scrutinized photos of the scene say the tail had unusual features that suggested the helicopter had been extensively modified to fly quietly, while appearing less visible to radar. 'The odds are fair — based on my knowledge of the subject area — the vast majority of the special MH-60s aircraft were purpose-built to make those aircraft as stealthy as they could possibly be,' says aviation expert Jay Miller, adding that the remnants of the aircraft suggested extensive use of nonmetallic composite parts, which reflect less radar energy. Experts also say the tail rotor's design suggested an effort to reduce the 'acoustic signature' (video) of the helicopters to make them fly more quietly."

thomst writes "Juan Collar, team leader of COGENT, an experimental effort to detect WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), recently presented a paper detailing 15 months of data collected via a pure germanium detector located deep in a Minnesota mine which seems to confirm similar results reported by a European effort called DAMA/LIBRA. The results are particularly intriguing, because they appear to show a seasonal variation in the density of WIMPs that accords with models which predict Earth should encounter more WIMPs in Summer (when its path around the Sun moves in the same direction as the Milky Way revolves) than in Winter (when it goes the opposite direction). The most interesting thing about the COGENT experiment is that the mass of the WIMP candidates it records is significantly less than most particle physicists had predicted, according to popular models. (Ron Cowen wrote an earlier article about COGENT last year that goes into a lot more detail about how COGENT works, what its team expects it to find, and why.)"

Hugh Pickens writes "The Wall Street Journal reports that Hewlett Packard's HP-12C financial calculator has remained outwardly unchanged since its introduction in 1981. 'Once you learned it on the 12C, there was no need to change,' says David Carter, chief investment officer of New York wealth-management firm Lenox Advisors, who has owned his 12C for 22 years and still keeps it on his desk. 'It's not like the math was changing.' The 12C, which costs $70 on HP's website, is HP's best-selling calculator of all time, though the company won't reveal how many units it has sold over the years. The 12C still uses an unconventional mathematical notation called 'Reverse Polish Notation,' which eschews parentheses and equal signs in an effort to run long calculations more efficiently."

jbrodkin writes "Oracle hasn't done much to foster a community around open source projects, but the former CEO of MySQL said Oracle's expertise has helped boost the database to new heights from a technology perspective. 'Many in the community will ... feel that it's not as open and open source as it used to be and that's true,' Marten Mickos said. 'But the core product, the actual code, is in better shape than ever. And I think they will keep it that way.' Mickos, now head of Eucalyptus, left Sun before the Oracle merger because he correctly predicted that the company could not survive on its own."

Reader Dr.Who notes that an Australian research team using IBM's Blue Gene/P supercomputer has calculated the sixty-trillionth binary digit of Pi-squared, a task which took several months of processing. Snipping from the article, the Dr. writes: "'A value of Pi to 40 digits would be more than enough to compute the circumference of the Milky Way galaxy to an error less than the size of a proton.' The article goes on to cite use of computationally complex algorithms to detect errors in computer hardware. The article references a blog which has more background. Disclaimers: I attended graduate school at U.C. Berkeley. I am presently employed by a software company that sells an infrastructure product named PI."

Developer Jon Nordby has posted a video demo of the on-screen keyboard Maliit — intended "to be the input method project for MeeGo and other GNU/Linux-based embedded/mobile platforms" — working on a tablet running Gnome 3 under Fedora. Nordby mentions that Fedora packages are in the works for those who'd like to try it out. The keyboard looks impressively smooth and flexible (including language-specific character sets); I only wish it had the smooth-swiping predictive ability of keyboards like Swype.

Slashdot regular contributor Bennett Haselton writes "In my last article, I proposed an algorithm that Facebook could use to handle abuse complaints, which would make it difficult for co-ordinated mobs to get unpopular content removed by filing complaints all at once. I offered a total of $100 for the best reader suggestions on how to improve the idea, or why they thought it wouldn't work. Read their suggestions and decide what value I got for my infotainment dollar."

In my last article, I proposed an algorithm that Facebook could use to handle abuse complaints, which would scale to a large number of users while also making it difficult for co-ordinated mobs to get unpopular content removed by filing complaints all at once. I offered a total of $100 to readers sending in the best suggestions for improvements, or alternative algorithms, or fatal flaws in the whole idea that would require starting from scratch. As the suggestions were coming in, Facebook obligingly kept the issue in the news by removing a photo of two men kissing from a user's profile, sending a form letter to the user that they had violated Facebook's prohibition on "nudity, or any kind of graphic or sexually suggestive content". (It would be a cheap shot to say that a photo of a man and a woman kissing probably would not have been removed; in truth, probably just about anything will get removed from Facebook automatically if enough users file complaints against it, which is the problem for unpopular but legal content.)

How would these complaints have been handled under my proposed algorithm? The gist of my idea was that any users could sign up to be voluntary reviewers of "abuse complaints" filed against public content on Facebook. Once Facebook had built up a roster of tens of thousands of reviewers, new abuse complaints would be handled as follows. When a complaint (or some threshold of complaints) is filed against a piece of content, a random group of, say, 100 users could be selected from the entire population of eligible reviewers, and Facebook would send them a request to "vote" on whether that content violated the Terms of Service. If the number of "Yes" votes exceeded some threshold, the content would be removed (or at least, put in a high-priority queue for a Facebook employee to determine if the content really did warrant removal). The main benefit of this algorithm is that would be much harder for co-ordinated mobs to "game the system", because in order to swing the vote, they would have to comprise a significant fraction of the 100 randomly selected reviewers, and to achieve that, the mob members would have to comprise a significant fraction of the entire reviewer population. This would be prohibitively difficult if hundreds of thousands of users signed up as content reviewers.

All of the emails I received -- not just "almost" all of them, but really all of them -- contained some insightful suggestions worth mentioning, although there was some duplication between the ideas. If you didn't see the last article, you might consider it worth while to stop reading before proceeding further, and mull over the description of the algorithm above to see how you would improve it. Then read the suggestions that came in to see how well your ideas matched up with the submissions I received.

The upshot is that nobody found what I believed to be completely fatal flaws, although one reader brought something to my attention that might cause trouble for the algorithm after a few more years. Beyond that, reader suggestions could be divided essentially into two categories. The first category of suggestions related to ensuring that the basic premise would actually work -- that the votes cast by a random sample would be representative of general user opinion, and could not be gamed by a coordinated mob or a very resourceful cabal trying to game the system. The second category of suggestions started by assuming that the voting system would work, and suggested other features that could be added to the algorithm -- or, in one case, an entire alternative algorithm to replace it.

To begin with the attacks and counter-attacks against the basic voting algorithm. Walter Freeman and Haydn Huntley independently suggested monitoring for users who vote in a small minority in a significant portion of vote-offs, and reducing their influence in future votes (by either not inviting them to vote on future juries, or sending them the future invites but then ignoring their votes anyway). The assumption is that if a user is frequently among the 10% who vote "Yes [this is abuse]" when the other 90% of respondents are voting "No [this is not abuse]", or vice versa, then that user is voting randomly, or their point of view is so skewed that their votes could safely be ignored even if they are sincere. I like the idea of eliminating deadweight voters, but this might also incentivize voters to vote the way they think the crowd would vote, instead of voting their true opinions -- for example, if they were called to vote on an anti-Obama page that showed Obama wearing a Hitler mustache. Some people's knee-jerk reaction would be to call the page "racist" or "hate speech" or "a threat of violence", even though comparing Obama to Hitler is not, strictly speaking, any of those things. If I were voting my honest opinion, I would count that page as "not abuse". But if I knew that I were voting along with dozens of other people, and my future voting rights might be revoked if I didn't vote with the majority, I might be tempted to vote "abuse".

Similarly, Walter Freeman and reader "mjrosenbaum" both suggested setting deliberate traps for deadweight users, by creating artificial cases where the answer was pre-determined to be obviously yes or obviously no, calling for votes, and revoking privileges for users who gave the wrong answer. This would eliminate the problem of borderline cases like the one above, where smart users think, "I suspect the majority will give the wrong answer, so I'm just going to go with the crowd, to keep my voting rights." On the other hand, it's more labor for Facebook to create the cases, and any public content authored by them -- especially content that is deliberately crafted to be "questionable" -- would probably have to run a gauntlet of being reviewed by lawyers and PR mavens before being released. My suggestion would be to use these artificial scenarios periodically to make sure that the system is working (i.e. that juries are giving the right answers), but it would be too inefficient to use it to try and weed out problem voters.

In fact, these and several other suggestions fell into a category of ideas that could possibly improve the efficiency of the algorithm by reducing voter shenanigans (where "efficient" means that fewer users have to be invited to each vote-off in order to get statistically valid results), but might not be worth the effort. As long as most of the votes cast by users are sane and sincere, all you have to do is invite enough voters to a vote-off, and the majority will still get the correct answer most of the time, even if you have problem voters in the system. That's the simplest possible algorithm. The more complicated an algorithm you come up with, the more likely that Facebook (or any other site you recommended this to) would just throw up their hands and say, "Sounds too hard", and leave the idea dead in the water. That's why I like the algorithm as lean and tight as possible.

So it's not quite like designing an algorithm for your own use, where you could feel free to introduce more complications as long as you're responsible for keeping track of them. In recommending an algorithm for widespread adoption, the basic form of the algorithm should be as simple as possible. In the case of the voting algorithm some interesting wrinkles may come up if you don't eliminate problem voters, but this is not fatal to the idea as long as it's still true that, given a large enough random sample of voters, the majority will tend to vote the correct answer.

For example, James Renken pointed out that as voters dropped out due to boredom, the remaining users casting votes would tend to be either (1) weirdos who just wanted to view questionable material; and (2) prudes bent on removing as much material from Facebook as possible. But that's OK, as long as those two groups vote sanely enough (or as long as there are enough sane users outside those two groups) that material which does violate the TOS, tends to get more "Yes [this is abuse]" votes than material that doesn't. Then all you have to do is make the jury size large enough to make a statistically significant distinction between those two cases.

Similarly, Joshua Megerman suggested surveying users for their religious, political, and other beliefs when they sign up as volunteer reviewers (they could of course decline the survey). This makes it possible, insofar as people answer truthfully, to make sure that a jury is composed of a group with diverse belief sets. (On the other hand, users could game the system by reporting beliefs that are the opposite of what they truly feel. For example, if you're a leftist, register as a right-winger. Then when an abuse case comes before you, if it's a piece of content more offensive to leftists, then the real leftists on the jury will tend to vote against it -- but as a registered right-winger, you'll be able to cast a vote against it as well, and you'll be displacing a real right-wing voter who probably wouldn't have voted that way, so your vote will be worth more!) Again, it's fine if Facebook wants to do this, but even without collecting this data and simply selecting jurors at random, it should still be true that genuinely abusive pages get more "Yes" votes in a jury vote, than non-abusive pages.

Lastly in the "keep the jurors honest" category, Paul Ellsworth suggested allowing jurors to anonymously review each other -- when a given juror is chosen for the "hot seat" (perhaps randomly, perhaps as a result of a history of skewed voting), other jurors are randomly selected from the voting pool, to review that juror's voting record and decide whether that juror has been voting honestly and judiciously, or not. When I first read this idea, I instinctively thought that because a contaminated jury pool would be reviewing itself, it would not be able to reduce the percentage of problem voters, but a little more thought revealed that this isn't true. Suppose initially your jury pool consists of 80% "honest voters" and 20% "dishonest voters", that honest voters who review the voting record of another voter will always vote correctly whether that person is "honest" or "dishonest", and that dishonest voters will always vote incorrectly. It's still the case that when a voter's record is reviewed by a panel of, say, 20 other voters, virtually 100% of the time the majority will get the right answer. If you strip voting rights from a voter whenever a jury of other voters determines them to be a "dishonest voter", then over time, the percentage of honest voters in the system will creep from 80% to 100%. So again, this might work, and again, it might just be adding unnecessary complexity if the basic algorithm could work without it.

Note that none of these precautions would address the case of a "sleeper" voter -- a voter who joins the system with the sole intention of voting incorrectly on particular types of cases (perhaps planning on voting "yes" to shut down pages made by a particular organization, or pages advocating a particular view on a single issue), while still planning to vote correctly on everything else. By voting honestly in all other cases, they prevent themselves from being flagged by the system for casting too many minority votes, or from being blacklisted by other jurors for having a questionable overall voting record. The only real way I can see to address this problem is to hope that such users are outnumbered by the honest users in the system, and that juries are large enough that the chances of "rogue voters" gaining a majority on any one jury are nearly zero.

Which brings us to the one potentially fatal weakness in the system that I'm aware of: reader George Lawton referred me to a program run by the U.S. government to create armies of fake accounts to infiltrate social media, named, apparently without irony, Earnest Voice:

The project aims to enable military personnel to control multiple 'sock puppets' located at a range of geographically diverse IP addresses, with the aim of spreading pro-US propaganda.

An entity with the resources of the U.S. military could potentially create enough remote-controlled voters to overwhelm the system. I'm not sure if there is a way to deal with a system if the majority of voters are compromised. Presumably by making all decisions appealable to a core group of trusted Facebook employees at the top (although this then creates a bottleneck and limits scalability, especially if filing an appeal is free and all the parties who lose abuse cases are constantly filing appeals to the next level up).

Now. On to the second category of suggestions: Assuming the majority of voters are honest, what other features would be desirable to build into the system?

Walter Freeman, on the subject of filing appeals, suggested putting appealed pages in a special queue where they could be publicly viewed and users could comment on the ongoing appeals process, in addition to reading arguments posted by either side; this also negates the censorship itself due to the to the Streisand effect. I agree, but it's not obvious why this is a desirable feature. This does create perverse incentives, since some users could get extra traffic for their content by creating a page that makes whatever argument you're trying to promote, spiking it with some TOS-violating content, waiting for the page to get shut down, appealing the decision, and enjoying all the extra Streisand attention that it gets while on public display during the "appeal".

Meanwhile, James Renken pointed out that the system would work best for content that was originally public anyway, like a controversial Facebook page or event. If someone filed a complaint regarding a private message that they received, and they wanted a "jury vote" about whether the content of the message constituted abuse, then either the sender or the recipient would have to waive their right to privacy regarding the message before it could be shared with jurors. If the message really was abusive, then in some cases the recipient might waive their privacy rights -- reasoning that they didn't mind sharing the nasty message that someone sent them, in order to get the sender's account penalized. The problem arises if the message also contains sensitive personal facts about the recipient, which they wouldn't want to share with anonymous jurors. The system could allow them to black out any personal information before submitting the message for review, but that creates a recursive problem of abuse within the abuse system -- how do you know that someone didn't alter the content (and thus the offensiveness) of the message through their selective blacking-out? So it's not obvious whether this idea could be applied to non-public content at all.

Reader George Lawton suggested allowing content reviewers to vote on the funniest or weirdest content they had to review, to be posted in a public "Hall of Infamy". I love the thought of this, but I think Facebook's lawyers would be uncomfortable glamorizing anything questionable even if it were ultimately voted to be non-abusive (and certainly if it was voted to be abusive). Besides, this also has the perverse-incentives problem -- tie your message to something that you know will not only get an abuse complaint, but will hopefully end up in the Hall of Weird. (Even without the abuse jury system, there are already plenty of incentives for people to make a political point and hope that it will go viral.)

David Piepgrass suggested that new content reviewers should be allowed to specify certain types of content that they don't want to be asked to review -- nudity, graphic violence, etc. This sounds like a good idea. He adds that users probably shouldn't be able to opt-in only to review certain categories of content (or jurors might sign up only to review nudity, and then who would be left to review the death threats?).

Finally, in the other corner: Jerome Shaver suggested bypassing the jury voting system altogether and working on a heuristic algorithm to determine when abuse reports were being submitted by organized mobs of users, based on the patterns shown by mutual friendships between the users filing the abuse reports. The difficulties in designing such an algorithm, are too complicated to summarize quickly, and could fill an entire separate article. (Convince yourself that it's not an easy problem to solve. You can't just ignore abuse complaints from clusters of users that have many mutual friendships, because it can happen that real tight-knit communities of users might file abuse complaints against a piece of content, where the complaints are actually genuine.) But again, there is the problem that if a proposed solution is too complicated or too nebulous, Facebook has the excuse that they are "weighing several options", that they're "already working on something similar internally", etc. The jury vote system has the advantage that it can be described in just a few sentences, and the general public always knows whether it has been implemented or not -- which means that as long as abuses of the complaint system continue, people can ask, "Why doesn't Facebook try this?"

You'll notice this is just a laundry list of the ideas I received, without any definitive conclusions about which ones are good or bad, but that's all I was going for. The original algorithm, I could argue with the force of mathematical proof that, under certain reasonable assumptions, it would work. There's no such proof or disproof for any of the suggested modifications, so I don't feel as strongly about any of them. But at the top of the article I suggested for readers to stop reading and see how many of these ideas they could come up with on their own. How did you do?

The final honor roll of readers who were each the first, or only, person to submit an original idea: Walter Freeman (bonus points for getting in several good ones), James Renken, Joshua Megerman, Paul Ellsworth, George Lawton, Jerome Shaver, and David Piepgrass. Most of them volunteered to donate their winnings to charity, and agreed to let me donate their share to Vittana, which arranges microloans to college students in developing countries. One preferred a charity of their choosing, and only one actually kept the money. To be clear, for future contests, it's awesome if you want to donate the money to charity, but it's not dickish to keep it. That was the original deal after all.

So, all very clever and interesting suggestions, some of which might inspire readers to keep coming up with their own further variations. I said which ideas I probably would have incorporated and which ones I wouldn't, and I'm sure many of you would tell me that I'm wrong on some of those points. Although from here on out you're doing it for free.

coondoggie writes "It may never make it into everyday jet-fighter use, but NASA is checking out biofuel made from chicken and beef fat. The chicken fat fuel, known as Hydrotreated Renewable Jet Fuel, was burned in the engine of a DC-8 at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center as part of its Alternative Aviation Fuels Experiment, which is looking at developing all manner of biofuel alternatives to traditional Jet Propellant 8. The DC-8 is used as a test vehicle because its engine operations are well-documented and well-understood, NASA says."