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"Dark Flow" Outside Observable Universe

DynaSoar writes "NASA astrophysicists have discovered what they claim is something outside the observable universe exerting an effect on the observable. The material is pulling clusters of galaxies towards a region of space known not to contain sufficient matter to create the effect. They can only speculate on what the material is and how space might differ there: 'In these regions, space-time might be very different, and likely doesn't contain stars and galaxies (which only formed because of the particular density pattern of mass in our bubble). It could include giant, massive structures much larger than anything in our own observable universe. These structures are what researchers suspect are tugging on the galaxy clusters, causing the dark flow.'"

583 comments

  1. Great! by incognito84 · · Score: 4, Funny

    Now I feel even smaller than I did yesterday. Good job, science!

    1. Re:Great! by oodaloop · · Score: 5, Funny

      Maybe you should get one of those pumps.

      --
      Tic-Tac-Toe, Global Thermonuclear War, and relationships all have the same winning move.
    2. Re:Great! by Hal_Porter · · Score: 2, Funny

      Medicine giveth and science taketh away.

      --
      echo -e 'global _start\n _start:\n mov eax, 2\n int 80h\n jmp _start' > a.asm; nasm a.asm -f elf; ld a.o -o a;
    3. Re:Great! by lysergic.acid · · Score: 5, Insightful

      i think it's kinda cool. the idea that there are even more massive structures out there than what's in our observable universe is really quite mind-boggling. but without stars and galaxies i wonder what kind of emergent structures or phenomena could exist beyond our observable bubble.

      i'm guessing it's probably not possible for biological life to form in such a radically different environment, but then again maybe i just lack the imagination to conceive of such possibilities. it seems like within our observable universe for any biological life to evolve it must follow certain patterns dictated by the laws of physics/chemistry. but if space-time in these regions is so different from our observable universe then who knows? our level of consciousness compared to what exists out there might be like comparing an amoeba with a blue whale. even the time scales experienced by other life forms could be drastically different from ours. entire civilizations could spring forth and flicker out of existence all in the blink of an eye.

      but since we can't even observe what is out there maybe this is all pointless speculation.

    4. Re:Great! by Energizerbunny · · Score: 1

      Its a dimple in their lens.

    5. Re:Great! by foobsr · · Score: 2, Funny

      maybe this is all pointless speculation (emphasis mine)

      As pointless as observing something outside the observable universe — thus, there is no need to worry.

      CC.

      --
      TaijiQuan (Huang, 5 loosenings)
    6. Re:Great! by AlecC · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I would agree that if there is life, it is certainly not life as we know it.

      But IMO the fundamental thing needed for life is an energy flow. Possibly you also need a state of matter corresponding to what we regard as solid i.e. one in which components tend to stay put without needing to expend energy. Given those two components, and enough time, I think that something that we could tentatively call life will emerge, occasionally, anywhere. How long it will take to get past the bacterial level is a much more complex question.

      --
      Consciousness is an illusion caused by an excess of self consciousness.
    7. Re:Great! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      obviously, you're not a spore(tm) player.

    8. Re:Great! by timmarhy · · Score: 4, Insightful

      i think life is possible in almost any kind of environment. just look at the so called fragile state of life as we know it - bacteria that thrives in nuclear reactors and in boiling water. from what i've obversed life isn't fragile OR rare, but tough enough to adapt to anything and populating to the extent it seems like a cosmic imperitive.

      --
      If you mod me down, I will become more powerful than you can imagine....
    9. Re:Great! by laejoh · · Score: 0

      OB, though it's about the sea and not about the universe.

    10. Re:Great! by L4t3r4lu5 · · Score: 1

      According to Amazon, nobody is.

      --
      Finally had enough. Come see us over at https://soylentnews.org/
    11. Re:Great! by Eivind · · Score: 4, Insightful

      It's contradictory anyway. If we're seeing something influenced by it, then we ARE observing it. That's what observation MEAN.

      If you're "watching" something, you're really interpreting electrical signals generated by your retina in response to chemical reactions triggered by photons, nothing "direct" about it whatsoever.

      So saying we're seeing something being influenced by something outside the observable universe is nonsense.

    12. Re:Great! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      but since we can't even observe what is out there maybe this is all pointless speculation.

      Maybe??

    13. Re:Great! by jacquesm · · Score: 1

      it's simple, some newbie space captain left their tractor beam on.

    14. Re:Great! by Z00L00K · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Humans are insignificant for the terms of the universe, but we at least strive to understand it.

      We haven't yet fully understood the universe, and even if we do it's so large that it's hard to fathom the span of it.

      And did the universe really exist before the big bang or was it created by the big bang? How can one prove something that is hypothetical if we don't have something to measure it against?

      Anyway - it is possible that what attracts matter is nothing more than an inert part of matter - or more specific a black hole that currently is invisible because it has consumed all matter near itself a long time ago.

      The Big Bang wasn't a "perfect" explosion, and if it had been we wouldn't have had the distribution of galaxies that we have - it would have been a cloud of gas. And since we haven't had a perfect explosion it is possible that the black hole was created at a very early stage of our universe.

      But who knows in reality?

      --
      If builders built buildings the way programmers wrote programs, then the first woodpecker would destroy civilization.
    15. Re:Great! by TheDarkMaster · · Score: 1

      The MIB is rigth, we are on a giant glass sphere :)

      --
      Religion: The greatest weapon of mass destruction of all time
    16. Re:Great! by l0cust · · Score: 1

      Although I get what you ware saying, I think you misunderstood the point. Your example would be accurate if you were observing the reactions of someone who is "watching" something you can not see. The same way we are "watching" something acting in a particular way and are theorizing that the reason behind the supposedly bizarre behaviour is the influence of something which lies outside our "visual" range.

      --
      Politicians and Pedophiles: Two groups of exploitive bastards who are most dangerous when they're thinking of children.
    17. Re:Great! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A "big-ass gravity pump" would seem appropriate in the circumstances ...

      Oh, wait a second.

    18. Re:Great! by rbanffy · · Score: 1

      It's wonderful how infinitely small we can feel ;-)

    19. Re:Great! by xonar · · Score: 0

      i think life is possible in almost any kind of environment. just look at the so called fragile state of life as we know it - bacteria that thrives in nuclear reactors and in boiling water. from what i've obversed life isn't fragile OR rare, but tough enough to adapt to anything and populating to the extent it seems like a cosmic imperitive.

      I think a lot of people have a very limited scope as to what life can entail. What about the possibility of incorporeal life? Surely the honor of being alive isn't exclusive to one form of matter (solids).

    20. Re:Great! by GargamelSpaceman · · Score: 1

      Just keep panning back to larger and larger scales and you will find yourself on Homer Simpson's bald head again.

      --
      ...
    21. Re:Great! by GooberToo · · Score: 1

      Thankfully there is plenty of spam emails with ads for men's products to help you feel bigger. ;)

    22. Re:Great! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm guessing its the proverbial lid on the toilet bowl.

    23. Re:Great! by Rand+Race · · Score: 2, Insightful

      ... bacteria that thrives in nuclear reactors and in boiling water.

      Most extremophiles are archaea rather than bacteria.

      --
      Insanity is the last line of defence for the master diplomat. But you have to lay the groundwork early.
    24. Re:Great! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We are talking about dark flows, after all. No pumps necessary.

    25. Re:Great! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's actually making poo that seems to be the cosmic imperative.

    26. Re:Great! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Is there an xkcd post for every slashdot comment, or vice versa?

    27. Re:Great! by BraksDad · · Score: 2, Insightful

      If God did create the universe he must exist beyond that universe and thus even bigger than the universe.

      Religion would thus make you feel even smaller.

      WOW, I am quite spiritual, I feel even smaller than you.

      --
      Slowly waving my hand - "This is not the sig you are looking for."
    28. Re:Great! by seandiggity · · Score: 1

      Maybe you should get one of those pumps.

      I think the article is about dark flow, not blood flow.

      --
      Geeks like to think that they can ignore politics, you can leave politics alone, but politics won't leave you alone.-rms
    29. Re:Great! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Penis!

    30. Re:Great! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "possible to survive" is different from "possible to form". Nobody has yet managed to put together a single living cell after thousands of years of human knowledge and engineering now at nano-scale levels, just keep that in mind.

    31. Re:Great! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      entire civilizations could spring forth and flicker out of existence all in the blink of an eye.

      Even cooler is that thanks to relativity, we could each perceive the other as flickering in and out of existence that quickly relative to our own existence. I don't care what any of the "normals" say, science is downright fucking cool.

    32. Re:Great! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If you're having that much trouble, get a book on dating.

    33. Re:Great! by CodeBuster · · Score: 1

      Maybe it's not his bag.

    34. Re:Great! by popo · · Score: 1

      I for one welcome our invisible, viscous, extra-galactic overlords.

      --
      ------ The best brain training is now totally free : )
    35. Re:Great! by MikeDirnt69 · · Score: 1

      WOW, I am quite spiritual, I feel even smaller than you.

      If there is any girl here, you just lost'em.

      --
      Am I eval()? - http://www.monst3r.com.br
    36. Re:Great! by OldSoldier · · Score: 1

      I don't understand how this is possible (and I'm posting this before I RTFA).

      Assuming gravity travels at the speed of light then we should have the gravity of the object doing the tugging hitting the objects being tugged at the same time light from the tugger is hitting the tuggie.

      Then, for us to see it, the light from the tuggie has to travel to us, which would also include the light that the tuggie sees of the tugger... so we should be able to see the tugger. What gives?

       

    37. Re:Great! by LanMan04 · · Score: 1

      You should really read Dragon's Egg:

      In Dragon's Egg, Forward describes the history and development of a life form (the Cheela) that evolves on the surface of a neutron star (a highly dense collapsed star, about 20 km in diameter). This is the "dragon's egg" of the title, so named because from Earth it is observed to be near the tail of the constellation Draco ("the dragon"). The Cheela develop sentience and intelligence, despite their relative small size (an individual Cheela has approximately the volume of a sesame seed, but the mass of a human) and an intense gravity field that restricts their movement in the third dimension. Much of the book concerns the biologic and social development of the Cheela; a subplot is the arrival of a human vessel nearby the neutron star, and the eventual contact that is made between the humans and the Cheela. A major problem in this contact is that the Cheela live a million times more quickly than humans do; a Cheela year goes by in about 30 human seconds.

      --
      With the first link, the chain is forged.
    38. Re:Great! by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 1

      Don't know about xkcd, but I'm sure The Bible predicts this somewhere, somehow.

      --
      (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
    39. Re:Great! by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 1

      Weeniepumps? Not a slashdotter's bag? Puh-leeze. Half have probably /b/'d themselves using one.

      --
      (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
    40. Re:Great! by Kagura · · Score: 2, Informative

      The "influence" you are talking about travels at the speed of light, just like everything else in the universe. If we are in range of their influence, then we are in visual range. Read everybody else's posts, as they pretty much say the same thing as the poster you responded to.

    41. Re:Great! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's not gonna help when the Dark Flow comes around later this month.

    42. Re:Great! by Digital+End · · Score: 1

      And here we tinker with metal, to try to give it a kind of life, and suffer those who would scoff at our efforts. But who's to say that, if intelligence had evolved in some other form in past millennia, the ancestors of these beings would not now scoff at the idea of intelligence residing within meat?

      Prime Function Aki Zeta-Five - Alpha Centari, Alien Crossfire

      --
      Beware of he who would deny you access to information, for in his heart, he dreams himself your master.
    43. Re:Great! by AlecC · · Score: 2, Interesting
      --
      Consciousness is an illusion caused by an excess of self consciousness.
    44. Re:Great! by lysergic.acid · · Score: 1

      i just might take you up on that suggestion. that book sounds fascinating.

      another sci-fi novel in a similar vein is the Solaris. i've only seen the movie starring George Clooney (i actually quite liked it), but i think the gist of the story surrounds the futile attempts by two very different species--humans and a large amorphous life form which covers the surface of an alien planet--to communicate with each other. their efforts are in vain due to the fact that, though both species are clearly intelligent, the two forms of intelligence are too different from one another for successful interspecies communication.

      i guess what kind of intelligence a species evolves into depends largely on their physical existence. thus a non-corporeal being would probably be unable to communicate with a corporeal species such as ourselves. likewise, we would not be able to successfully communicate with a hive-minded intelligence because its consciousness is so alien to ours.

    45. Re:Great! by l0cust · · Score: 2

      You are absolutely right. I muddled up the analogy of a physical "horizon" with the way its used when talking about observable universe. I realized my mistake when I read through some of the other posts but /. doesn't have an "edit" function so.. :)

      --
      Politicians and Pedophiles: Two groups of exploitive bastards who are most dangerous when they're thinking of children.
    46. Re:Great! by Kagura · · Score: 1

      You're right. :) The summary is poorly written in regards to "observable universe".

    47. Re:Great! by theverylastperson · · Score: 1

      So this influence and it's effect move faster than the speed of light?

      If we're seeing the effect of something that is beyond the limits of how far light could have traveled, then wouldn't this result in the passing of information (ie the effect of gravitational force we believe we're seeing) in a manner faster than the speed of light.

      For the record, I do not believe space is expanding, I believe everything in it is shrinking. It wasn't a big bang, it's a big shrink.

      --
      ed duval the very last person
    48. Re:Great! by Eivind · · Score: 1

      It doesn't matter.

      The point is, if we can observe some consequence of X, then by definition, X is in our observable universe.

    49. Re:Great! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The observable Universe could be in contact with that region before the Inflation era. After that era, because of inertia Law, we are still in movement.

      Sorry by my awful english.

    50. Re:Great! by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      You're right. That is what these scientists are saying: before inflation, matter was in contact with a region which altered their motion. After inflation, the observable universe is no longer in contact with that region, but the matter became galaxies which still have their altered motion.

    51. Re:Great! by ultranova · · Score: 1

      But IMO the fundamental thing needed for life is an energy flow.

      No. Computer viruses can be considered a form of life, and they don't need an energy flow. While current crop of computers does, it is is AFAIK possible to build a computer which doesn't. The fundamental things life needs are information structures and rules which govern their transformations in time (and time too, obviously).

      --

      Forget magic. Any technology distinguishable from divine power is insufficiently advanced.

    52. Re:Great! by AlecC · · Score: 1

      I think that is incorrect. ISTR people working out the minimum quantun of energy to change a bit. It is many orders of mangnitude below what we use now, but any change required energy. Viruses may exist without energy, but cannot travel or reproduce without it.

      But my use for energy is to drive the evolution engine. While onecan hypothesise a lifeform which did not need energy to exist, the evolution engine needs energy to drive it. While you may hypothesise energy-less life, the life that actually develops is fundamentally a parasite on energy flows.

      --
      Consciousness is an illusion caused by an excess of self consciousness.
    53. Re:Great! by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      ISTR people working out the minimum quantun of energy to change a bit.

      See the von Neumann-Landauer limit.

    54. Re:Great! by sexconker · · Score: 1

      Durrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr

  2. Since looking farther = further in time by zymano · · Score: 1

    Then are we also looking at near the time of the big bang?

    1. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by caffeinemessiah · · Score: 5, Informative

      Then are we also looking at near the time of the big bang?

      Since no one reads TFA anyway, and since you clearly didn't:

      The universe is thought to have formed about 13.7 billion years ago. So even if light started travelling toward us immediately after the Big Bang, the farthest it could ever get is 13.7 billion light-years in distance. There may be parts of the universe that are farther away (we can't know how big the whole universe is), but we can't see farther than light could travel over the entire age of the universe.

      And then:

      A theory called inflation posits that the universe we see is just a small bubble of space-time that got rapidly expanded after the Big Bang. There could be other parts of the cosmos beyond this bubble that we cannot see. In these regions, space-time might be very different, and likely doesn't contain stars and galaxies (which only formed because of the particular density pattern of mass in our bubble). It could include giant, massive structures much larger than anything in our own observable universe. These structures are what researchers suspect are tugging on the galaxy clusters, causing the dark flow.

      Finally, on a side note, years of watching slashdot paid off in a truly interesting story!

      --
      An old-timer with old-timey ideas.
    2. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Big+Nothing · · Score: 4, Interesting

      What bugs me is that this "bubble" of the known universe really isn't a bubble at all, it's just the physical limit of our ability to observe; we have no means of determining the extent of this "bubble". Therefore, claiming that there could be "giant, massive structures much larger than anything in our own observable universe" just outside this bubble seems somewhat... convenient.

      While I agree that this is one of the more interesting stories on slashdot in years, there are many aspects of contemporary cosmological theories that I remain highly skeptical of.

      --
      SIG: TAKE OFF EVERY 'CAPTAIN'!!
    3. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by claygate · · Score: 0, Offtopic
      Do posts on sigs count as "on topic"?

      That's interesting. I'm going to see if I can mod this post.

    4. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Plutonite · · Score: 4, Informative

      And there are aspects of many contemporary theories (and lesser recognized works) that are equally skeptical of, and orthogonal to, each other. I personally don't know enough GR to talk confidently about why this is not exciting, but if it does turn out to be exciting, expect some very well written and insightful roundups here:

      www.cosmicvariance.com

      Small note: I have found Sean Carrol's [and team] work on the internet to be some of the most accessible stuff available from brilliant minds in science today. Of course, every time you read something dumbed down mathematically (even if only slightly), you end up hating yourself for not spending the time instead on understanding the 3 years worth of adv.math courses you need to really grasp what is happening. But the upside is that you can spend 15 minutes reading some well written summary by people like these, and end up getting a fairly good idea of the issue at hand all the same. Kudos to science "bloggers" (esp world-leading academics) everywhere. You make the internet suck a lot less.

    5. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by oldhack · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If we are observing far-away galaxies being affected by the stuff too far away for us to observe directly, maybe we are observing the stuff outside our bubble indirectly? This visibility can be transitive?

      Also, maybe we can also "observe" the stuff outside our bubble via the effects of "spooky action at a distance"?

      --
      Fuck systemd. Fuck Redhat. Fuck Soylent, too. Wait, scratch the last one.
    6. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Ironpoint · · Score: 0

      In my opinion, no mind, no universe. Since no human life existed at the supposed time of the big bang, it could not have 'happened' in any real sense any more than a collapse sometime in the future has happened. I should also point out that I don't believe in other minds, so this makes it even less likely that it happened since I am not at the big bang or its time.

    7. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Antique+Geekmeister · · Score: 2, Interesting

      No, our universe could be a black hole. In that case, the boundary or "bubble" has a much stronger meaning, and it could make more sense to talk about material 'outside' our universe.

    8. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by roguetrick · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I would like to counterpoint that I don't believe in your mind, and this post was never posted. It just was.

      --
      -The world would be a better place if everyone had a hoverboard
    9. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by rts008 · · Score: 3, Informative

      "Also, maybe we can also "observe" the stuff outside our bubble via the effects of "spooky action at a distance"?"

      Well, then when we 'observe' this stuff, WE will have on our conscience whether the cat is dead or alive.
      But we still may never find out which one; which bubble^Wbox was/is in? :-)

      All joking aside, this is very interesting data to work with.
      I can imagine a lot of theories to change/be scrapped/ be rewritten here in the near future.

      I am really excited about this! (but somewhat befuddled-[I am not a physicist, much less an astrophysicist!]Astrophysics is a serious hobby for me) I hope some good info comes with further research.
      That should open new 'doorways' and expand our understanding.

      I don't think I can imagine all of the ramifications of this, but it strikes me as: 'Holy Cow, Batman...that cow lit her fart and flew over the moon!!!'

      No doubt, this is the most exciting thing to happen with astrophysics (for me) in the past several years. The questions are ENDLESS!!!!!

      Who knows 'what doors will open' for us, and the potential to find out what possible uses could arise from this.

      P.S. I wish I knew enough to actually correctly answer your questions, but this news seems to sprout far more questions than can be accurately answered at this time.

      Oh, and BTW, my head asplodes!!

      --
      Down With Slashdot BETA!!! I've been around the corner and seen the oliphant; you can only abuse me from your perspecti
    10. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Ironpoint · · Score: 1

      I agree with you on the post, but I doubt your counterpoint. I would expect that you wouldn't believe in my mind since your concept of a mind couldn't be correct, me being the only one and unobservable to you.

    11. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by ByteSlicer · · Score: 1

      the farthest it could ever get is 13.7 billion light-years in distance

      Actually, because of metric expansion of space, this distance is considerably larger: 46 billion lightyears.

    12. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by foobsr · · Score: 1

      not spending the time instead on understanding the 3 years worth of adv.math courses you need to really grasp what is happening

      I sincerely doubt that, I (now) rather think that that (alone) would give you a kind of imbalance prone to succesfully prevent you from getting a grasp of what is happening. I do not question, though, that it would boost your chances to probably come to one of a large set of plausible 'grasps'.

      CC.

      --
      TaijiQuan (Huang, 5 loosenings)
    13. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by AngelofDeath-02 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      To my knowledge, this isn't possible because nothing can travel faster than the speed of light.

      To expand on that, Information cannot travel faster than the speed of light either, which means neither can gravitational forces, or ... well, anything else we're aware of.

      Unless of course, you're implying that our limit of perception isn't the limit of the speed of light, but something else.

      --
      No, I am not an English major. My posts are subject to typos and incorrect grammar. Do not expect perfection.
    14. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by jonfr · · Score: 1

      So far we have seen stars (gamma rays) in the distance of 12.8 billion light years away. That is really close to the edge of the known universe. So we are going to see the light from 13.7 billion light years in the end, but it is hard to know when it reaches us.

      A gamma ray that was detected 12.8 billion light years away from us.

      http://www.universetoday.com/2008/09/20/gamma-ray-burst-from-the-edge-of-the-universe/#more-18387

    15. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by SimonGhent · · Score: 1

      The universe is thought to have formed about 13.7 billion years ago. So even if light started travelling toward us immediately after the Big Bang, the farthest it could ever get is 13.7 billion light-years in distance. There may be parts of the universe that are farther away

      Now my head really hurts!

      I get the whole 13.7 bn years means that light can only have travelled 13.7 bn light-years and thus that's as far as we can see, but I don't see how the universe can have a radius larger that 13.7 bn light-years.

      Is the location of the big bang the centre of the universe? If so, then I suppose that if these bodies causing the dark flow are "on the other side" of the centre, further away than (13.7 bn LY - (centre to us)) then we can't see them...

      But then the article says "beyond this bubble". I'm just not bright enough for this, but it is a fascinating subject.

      --
      simon
    16. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by jacquesm · · Score: 3, Funny

      by definition, expansion of space is Imperial, not metric.

    17. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by zmjjmz · · Score: 1

      Hm, but if there were structures affecting us gravitationally outside of our visible "bubble", then gravity would need to travel faster than light. Either that, or these structures are massive enough to be black holes, so that the escape velocity is faster than c.

    18. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by jacquesm · · Score: 1

      this is the age old 'if a tree falls in the woods' argument, it's quite flawed.

      Reality that is not being observed is still reality, the life that you carry has evolved from 'mindless' creatures to something that you call mind, if none of it had happened because it wasn't observed you would not exist. You do, therefore it happened even if it wasn't observed.

    19. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Ambitwistor · · Score: 4, Informative

      we have no means of determining the extent of this "bubble".

      Effectively, we can: we can't see past the surface of last scattering where the cosmic microwave background radiation originates.

      Therefore, claiming that there could be "giant, massive structures much larger than anything in our own observable universe" just outside this bubble seems somewhat... convenient.

      Well, the chaotic inflationary theory has long predicted such structures should exist at all scales outside the observable universe. Anyway, we see matter near the boundary of the observable universe. There are almost certainly large structures outside the boundary too. We see some of that matter moving in a way it ordinarily wouldn't according to the usual cosmological expansion. It's not that big a leap to hypothesize that it's being pulled by something on the other side of what we can observe.

      It's not a small leap, either — obviously it's hard to compile statistics on how these boundary clusters are moving, and thereby infer anything really solid about possible unseen gravitational sources. But it's not completely ad hoc. The explanation involves something that has been suggested by theory in the past for independent reasons, and observationally there don't appear to be any nearby sources of matter that could explain why the motion is so far from the Hubble flow. I suppose you could postulate a bunch of dark matter right near the boundary, but since (as you say) the cosmological horizon isn't some special physical place, but is just the region beyond which light hasn't reached us, that would be weird.

      This should be taken with the usual grain of salt: it's a brand new paper and in a year or two could potentially be explained in a much more mundane way. I'd personally give it less than a 50% chance of being right. But it's not a priori ridiculous either. As another poster said, I hope that Cosmic Variance covers the result ... a real expert second opinion would be valuable.

    20. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by wylderide · · Score: 1

      Beyond this bubble, thar be dragons!

      --
      This is the best restaurant I ever eat in
    21. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Goaway · · Score: 1

      I get the whole 13.7 bn years means that light can only have travelled 13.7 bn light-years and thus that's as far as we can see, but I don't see how the universe can have a radius larger that 13.7 bn light-years.

      That is because it is space itself that expanded, not the matter in it. This is a somewhat problematic concept for one's everyday intuition to grasp.

      The favourite simplified explanation of this is a balloon: Take a partially inflated balloon, and draw a bunch of dots on it. The dots are the matter in the universe. Now inflate it, and they will seem to move apart, and the further apart they are, the faster they will seem to move in relation to each other.

      However, each dot is still stationary in relation to its local space. There could be a maximum speed at which you can move along the surface, but as the dots are not actually moving, they can seemingly move faster than this maximum speed.

      There is a lot wrong with this explanation, so don't try to extrapolate anything more from it, but hopefully it gets you the first step along the way.

    22. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Goaway · · Score: 1

      Then what caused all the events that we can directly observe as having happened before humans existed?

    23. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by ByteSlicer · · Score: 1

      Finally we learn the actual reason for the star wars...

    24. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by SteveFoerster · · Score: 1

      Wouldn't that mean it would eventually dissipate into the larger uberverse via Hawking radiation?

      --
      Space game using normal deck of cards: http://BattleCards.org
    25. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by gtall · · Score: 2, Funny

      Turtles all the way down...clearly.

      Gerry

    26. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by mpeskett · · Score: 1

      They aren't effecting *us* gravitationally from outside of the area we can see, they're affecting something on the edge of what we can see.

      Then again... if the light has had time to reach us from when [distant object] was affected by [even more distant object] (so that we could see it happening) then so should the gravity from [even more distant object]... if I remember rightly, gravity "travels" at light-speed.

      This whole thing has that air of "probably interesting, might be bullshit, might be too complex for armchair science-ing". It all sounds good, but then there are apparent holes, but you'd think that the scientists doing the research would have already thought of anything that's obvious enough for us to think of it in the time between reading a Slashdot article and writing a comment.

    27. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      If we are observing far-away galaxies being affected by the stuff too far away for us to observe directly, maybe we are observing the stuff outside our bubble indirectly?

      Yes, that's the idea being proposed here.

      Also, maybe we can also "observe" the stuff outside our bubble via the effects of "spooky action at a distance"?

      No. It's hard enough to maintain coherent quantum entanglement over terrestrial distances (I think the record is a few kilometers, with a lot of work and careful engineering), let alone across and beyond the observable universe.

    28. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually, the math says that going *faster* than the speed of light isn't a problem. It's getting through the speed of light that's the issue, along with the attendant weight going to infinity issue.

    29. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by jack2000 · · Score: 0

      Or you know... gravity existed in other so called" bubbles" and between them LONG before our "bubble" sprung up...

    30. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by mpeskett · · Score: 1

      I see so much wrong with your post I'm not sure where to start... let's just go one bit at a time.

      First off, "no mind no universe" is demonstrably false by the fact that for a mind to come into being, the universe needs to already be there to provide somewhere to live for the organism that's going to have a mind. No universe means no minds, so if it were also true in the other direction, neither universe nor mind could exist since they'd both be in need of the other

      Next up, you mentioned human life specifically not observing the Big Bang. So only humans have minds? Why not chimps or other great apes? They exhibit all the features of intelligence to some degree or another, as do all kinds of other animals. Humans are different by degree of intelligence, not by a huge leap forward.

      Lastly, you don't believe in other minds? At first I took this to mean that you don't believe in non-human minds, but do you actually mean you think yourself to be the only mind in the universe? Really? I have to wonder why you would bother posting on Slashdot, or indeed reading it, if that's the case, it's not like any of the commenters or editors have minds, so why bother to tell us what you think?

    31. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by IndustrialComplex · · Score: 1

      so that the escape velocity is faster than c

      From what I understand, it isn't that the escape velocity of a black hole is greater than c, it is that there is no path out of a black hole. All directions in a blackhole are inward. Spacetime is folded inward and there is no 'out'.

      --
      Out of modpoints but really liked a post? 1BDkF6TtmmeZ3yqXbz9yhdYVqRYnwFoXDj
    32. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Windows_NT · · Score: 1

      Just Rmeber that our 4dimenstions 3d+time, might only exist in our universe. Ever looked into String Theory?.
      Most likely everything they are saying today is way different than what it actually is. But to be able to comprehend what might be out there, and to think of new ways it can be imagined, Is to me, a huge step in our advancement.
      To me, this bubble is merely a little 'pop!' that happened as the big bang accured. Although it happened very quick, we were caught in this bubble, where inside brought on these 4 dimensions and this split second of time outside, happened for billions of years inside.
      Somewhere on Slashdot there was a story about universes appearing in the corner of your office. I think this isn't far from the truth, since space-time is all relative. One might appear and disappear in our dimensions, but might exists for a long time in theirs.
      One more thing. ... shit i forgot, Ill post it later

      --
      Go go Gadget Nailgun!
    33. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by sanosuke001 · · Score: 1

      The problem I see with that is:

      1. if the universe did start with a big bang and it was 13.7 billion years ago, then everything originated at a central point. Ok. Now that the top speed of something is c, we should be able to see anything that originated from the big bang.

      2. if there is anything else out there, it couldn't have been a part of the big bang. If it were, it would have had to move faster than light to get out of our viewable range.

      3. Someone is smoking something and I want some

      --
      -SaNo
    34. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by windsurfer619 · · Score: 1

      Actually, the "observable" universe is around the time of the big bang. If one remembers that gravitational waves (and thus gravity) travels at the speed of light,it would seem we're looking past the beginning to before the "big bang". This, of course, violates everything we've been taught in school.

      To conclude, I'm tagging this story "impossible".

    35. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by FST777 · · Score: 1

      If we are observing structures that are affected by other structures, the latter should either be within our observable universe (since information cannot travel faster than light) or it is acting upon our observable universe through some crazy time-bend or something.

      Really, it bugs me. AFAIK, even gravity cannot "enact" faster than light. But maybe, just maybe, we are wrong with that statement. The alternative is that space-time is not the same in other places, but can affect "our" universe.

      The implications of either one are surreal to say the least. I think the answers to those moving clusters might prove to be the same as the answer to dark matter and dark energy. Boost the LHC, please.

      --
      Free beer is never free as in speech. Free speech is always free as in beer.
    36. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by mknewman · · Score: 1

      Is it possible inflation is cause by a huge amount of mass outside the bubble, causing the universe to epand at an increasing rate?

    37. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Abcd1234 · · Score: 1

      'fraid not. As another poster above pointed out, imagine you have galaxies A, B, and C. A and B are some distance X light years away from each other (say, 13.7 billion light years, the radius of the observable universe). B and C are the same distance from each other. The gravitational interaction takes X years to travel from A -> B. Then the information about the interaction takes X years to travel from B -> C. But at the same time, C should be experiencing the gravitational forces from A, since that takes 2X years (the distance from A -> B and B -> C). In other words, by the time C observes the gravitational force of A interacting with B, C's observable universe has expanded to include A.

    38. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by GNT · · Score: 1

      Not entirely correct. The observable universe is a sphere approximately 46 billion light-years in radius

    39. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by kalirion · · Score: 1

      The universe is thought to have formed about 13.7 billion years ago. So even if light started travelling toward us immediately after the Big Bang, the farthest it could ever get is 13.7 billion light-years in distance. There may be parts of the universe that are farther away (we can't know how big the whole universe is), but we can't see farther than light could travel over the entire age of the universe.

      Not sure I completely buy that. Say something is 20 billion light years away from us right now (whatever "right now means). Wouldn't that mean that if the light started out immediately after the big bang, it would only need to travel 10 billion light years? And anyway, how does the whole "expansion at greater than the speed of light" deal with the relativity theory? Doesn't that pretty much state that the speed of light is always absolute to everything, never relative?

    40. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by SimonGhent · · Score: 1

      Thanks, I think that does kind of help...

      My head still hurts though!

      --
      simon
    41. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      According to inflation theory, which is really the best theory we have at the moment for explaining the early universe, we really are living in a bubble: our region of space expanded very rapidly from a very small start. It's possible other regions, other bubbles, did so as well.

    42. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Machine9 · · Score: 1

      Apparently there is some debate about whether gravity "travels" at the speed of light at all, because observing planetary orbits under that paradigm means your telescope ends up looking at empty space, whereas when you do your calculations with gravity as "instanteneous" you end up looking at your planet.

      see:

      http://metaresearch.org/cosmology/speed_of_gravity.asp

      of course I am no physicist, i just read slashdot.

    43. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by FST777 · · Score: 1

      Another question that bugs me, and maybe the boffins here on board have an answer:
      If information cannot travel faster than light, and the universe we live in is 13.7 billion years old, how can the universe be larger than a radius of 13.7 light years if it indeed did begin as a singularity?

      --
      Free beer is never free as in speech. Free speech is always free as in beer.
    44. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Nope. If some effect had time to travel from point A to point B to us, then it also had time to travel from point A directly to us. The direct path can't be longer than the indirect path through point B. Anything we can see in our observable universe can only be affected by other things in our observable universe. If point A is beyond our observable horizon, and point B is inside our horizon, then we won't see point A's effect on point B until our horizon has expanded far enough to include point A.

      We can't never see beyond our observable horizon even by looking for effects of things beyond the horizon on things near the horizon.

    45. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      I don't think that would be sufficient to explain the hugely exponential expansion necessary to explain inflation. Something similar has been proposed to explain the much slower accelerating expansion currently produced by dark energy (here), but my recollection is that it was promptly disproven by several rebuttal papers for reasons I can no longer remember (but see here).

    46. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by WormholeFiend · · Score: 1

      If information cannot travel faster than light, and the universe we live in is 13.7 billion years old, how can the universe be larger than a radius of 13.7 light years if it indeed did begin as a singularity?

      Pure speculation on my part, but I imagine that, since you can't create anything out of nothing, the big bang occured in some sort of medium that was pushed aside when our universe was created.

      I'm not convinced that we, as observers, would be able to draw a perfect line where our universe ends and where this older medium begins, at least not immediately.

    47. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by greyhueofdoubt · · Score: 1

      So, I was under the impression the information couldn't be transmitted faster than the speed of light. From what I understand, even the experiments using entangled particles preserve the speed limit.

      So it would seem interesting that the bodies outside our observable bubble are transmitting information (they exist, they are moving this way, etc) faster than their light itself would reach us. Gravity, I am told, also moves at the speed of light.

      So how can we have this information without the light?

      My only conclusion is that the bodies are dark, but then I am left wondering why they are concentrated at such an arbitrary point in the universe.

      -b

      --
      No offense, but I've stopped responding to AC's.
    48. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      In Big Bang theory, the universe is not inside of anything else; there is no other "medium". Whether you can "create anything out of nothing" is a different question from whether the universe is inside of anything else pre-existing.

    49. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by prelelat · · Score: 1

      are you implying that we could observe something with quantum mechanics? Cause that would be cool, I wish I had a better understanding of quantum physics so that I could understand how quantum entanglement works and how each one comes joined with the other, also how you can observe something that's always in a flux. I always found it very VERY interesting maybe I'll audit a university class someday just for fun.

    50. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      That's a FAQ.

    51. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by amliebsch · · Score: 1

      Another question that bugs me, and maybe the boffins here on board have an answer: If information cannot travel faster than light, and the universe we live in is 13.7 billion years old, how can the universe be larger than a radius of 13.7 light years if it indeed did begin as a singularity?

      It's because while nothing inside of our spacetime can move through spacetime at greater than c, spacetime *itself* can expand, and apparently is expanding, at greater than c.

      --
      If you don't know where you are going, you will wind up somewhere else.
    52. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      No, there's no debate about that. It's in every relativity textbook. van Flandern is just wrong.

    53. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      So it would seem interesting that the bodies outside our observable bubble are transmitting information (they exist, they are moving this way, etc) faster than their light itself would reach us.

      The article is a little unclear on what's going on, and I think I perpetuated that by my wording.

      According to the theory in TFA: Objects beyond our cosmological horizon are not currently tugging on those galaxies. They tugged on them long ago and changed their velocity. Then the universe inflated so that those objects are now incredibly far away from us or the galaxies in question, and no longer interact with them. So no interaction, information, gravity, light, etc. is currently traveling faster than light from those distant objects to our observable universe.

    54. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by daniel_newby · · Score: 1

      If information cannot travel faster than light, and the universe we live in is 13.7 billion years old, how can the universe be larger than a radius of 13.7 [billion] light years if it indeed did begin as a singularity?

      The data strongly suggest that space itself is expanding, allowing two objects to move farther apart without the necessity of them accelerating. Shortly after the Big Bang, the universe appears to have undergone a temporary phase called inflation where space expanded at a tremendous pace, turning a tiny speck into everything we observe today. After that it settled down into a phase described by Hubble's law, expanding at a (fairly) steady rate of 70 km/s/Mpc (Mpc = megaparse = ~3 million light-years).

      The newly-created space also expands, and then the new space from that expands, etc., like compound interest on a loan you are not paying off. Thus for objects beyond a certain distance from us, new distance is being inserted at a rate faster than the speed of light, so that we can never observe them. Things can exist farther away than the limit, but we cannot observe them by their own light.

    55. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      According to my computer the universe is a spheroid region 705 meters in diameter.

    56. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by daniel_newby · · Score: 1

      So it would seem interesting that the bodies outside our observable bubble are transmitting information (they exist, they are moving this way, etc) faster than their light itself would reach us.

      The outsider bodies could have affected motions before/during the inflation era, shortly after the Big Bang when the universe was a fraction of its current size. Yeah, that's a dirty cheat of an explanation ...

      My only conclusion is that the bodies are dark, but then I am left wondering why they are concentrated at such an arbitrary point in the universe.

      Indeed. The universe has all sorts of mysterious structures at the largest scales: galaxy superclusters arranged in sheets, billion light year bubbles that appear to be nearly empty, and now this enormous new accelerator.

    57. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by greyhueofdoubt · · Score: 1

      ah, that clears things up. Thanks!

      -b

      --
      No offense, but I've stopped responding to AC's.
    58. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by WormholeFiend · · Score: 1

      I thought the whole discussion was about the indirect observation of something outside our universe pushing parts of our universe in an unexpected direction... that pretty much implies that our universe is located inside some other kind of space/medium

    59. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      No, this article is about a part of the universe too far away to see affecting the part of the universe we can see. It doesn't have anything at all to with our universe being created inside some pre-existing medium.

    60. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by hypomorph · · Score: 1

      ... it isn't that the escape velocity of a black hole is greater than c, it is that there is no path out of a black hole.

      This is correct. Light only follows space-time geodesics.

      --
      Hell, there are no rules here-- we're trying to accomplish something. --Thomas A. Edison
    61. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by ChrisA90278 · · Score: 1

      ",,,you end up hating yourself for not spending the time instead on understanding the 3 years worth of adv.math courses you need to really grasp what is happening..."

      The real breakthroughs don't require advanced math. Einstein said that with all of his work the breakthroughs happen very quickly at the conceptual level and then only after that he worked out the math. For example if the speed of light really was constant then speed is distance over time then if the product is constant then either distance or time is not. That was the breakthrough or leap in thinking. The math followed

      With Newton his breakthrough was to think that gravity might extend all the way up to the sun and planets and be "universal". The math was hard (for the day) but was secondary to the flash of insight.

      I think the next big revolution will be easy too. My guess is that space-time is discrete and non-continuous. It is a simple idea but has the potential to unite quantum and cosmic scales. Easy idea but the math is well past what we poor humans can handle.

      The average person not working in the feild inly needs to understand the concept and some of it's implications and does not need the math tho understand them.

    62. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      One misconception you might have is that there are not visible objects in the universe and invisible objects beyond that. An object may escape our light cone or an object may enter our light cone. This is a dynamic thing. However, as universe expands, the objects further from us gets even more further (on average) and most objects leave our visible universe, while few enters it.

      Say an invisible, huge object H is 20 billion light years away. Also assume there is a visible object O 10 billion light years away, right between us and H. Since the O doesn't move as it should (it accelerates further from us), we can infer existence of H. However if something happens to H (say, it changes direction due to a collusion), it will have an effect on O in 10 billion years from now (or more if the distance between H and O is increasing), and we will observe that effect 10 billion years after that (or more if the distance between us and O is increasing.) IOW we would find about the event exactly the same time when light from H at the time of event would strike us. If the distance between us and O increases to more than 20 billion light years (which would normally be the case) we can neither observe light from H nor observe the effects of event happened to it. If for some reason H doesn't get farther than 20 billion light years in 20 billion years, we can observe the effect of the event on O but we also can observe light from H. As a corollary to this, since we can indirectly observe H now, it must have been in our visible cone in the past. Otherwise, the effect of its existence wouldn't have had any observable effect on O right now.

    63. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      The real breakthroughs don't require advanced math. Einstein said that with all of his work the breakthroughs happen very quickly at the conceptual level and then only after that he worked out the math.

      Real breakthroughs often require advanced math. Einstein is rather exceptional compared to how a lot of modern physics has played out. That's why he was a genius. Frequently results pop out of the mathematical formalism before people really understand what is going on physically. Then they go back and construct an elegant physical explanation.

      I think the next big revolution will be easy too. My guess is that space-time is discrete and non-continuous.

      That idea has been around for over 60 years. It's damn hard to come up with a workable discrete theory of spacetime. It's easy to come up with ideas. It's hard to come up with right ideas, and even harder to show that they're right.

        It is a simple idea but has the potential to unite quantum and cosmic scales. Easy idea but the math is well past what we poor humans can handle.

      The average person not working in the feild inly needs to understand the concept and some of it's implications and does not need the math tho understand them.

    64. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Kagura · · Score: 1

      The real breakthroughs don't require advanced math. Einstein said that with all of his work the breakthroughs happen very quickly at the conceptual level and then only after that he worked out the math. For example if the speed of light really was constant then speed is distance over time then if the product is constant then either distance or time is not. That was the breakthrough or leap in thinking. The math followed.

      I agree that relativity stemmed from a simple conceptual idea, but to say that advanced math wasn't required for "real breakthroughs" is doing Einstein and others a disservice. Have you seen the math present in papers chiefly authored by him? I found a few doing a google images search for einstein papers 1905. As you said, "the math followed", but conceptual ideas are nothing without the math to stand behind it.

    65. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Machine9 · · Score: 1

      And because it's in a textbook, it is suddenly True (tm) ?

      Remember... it was not too long ago that we KNEW the earth was flat, and it was in every textbook.

      Gotta be careful with such assertions.

    66. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Antique+Geekmeister · · Score: 1

      Now, that's a fascinating question. But if the 'meta-universe' surrounding our 'closed universe' has any spare matter or energy to dump in, the extremely modest Hawking losses of a universize sized black hole would be trivially compensated. Given that the losses would be so grotesquely tiny anyway for such a large black hole, we're talking about _amazingly_ long timeperiods. I'm just guessing, but I think it's time enough for all the atoms of our hostess's underwear to jump to your computer, sit down, and randomly write forge Shakespeare's plays.

    67. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      The point is that van Flandern thinks he can prove the speed of gravity isn't c in general relativity, using pure mathematics. He's not making a statement about the universe per se, he's making a statement about the mathematics of the theory. His derivation is just wrong, and you can find correct mathematical derivations anywhere.

      Furthermore, independent of van Flandern's mathematical errors, the experimental evidence is also that the speed of gravity is c, as I also mentioned in my post.

      Maybe you read the actual arguments instead of making trite platitudes.

    68. Re:Since looking farther = further in time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ah, I'm not alone in this crazy idea afterall?

      Trying to explain that the universe is a black hole in a bigger universe confuses people as it doesn't make much sense of the definition of "universe" so perhaps it needs better description. Describing at inter-observable and exo-observable portions might be a little better. And for clarity's sake, may as well keep the term black hole for even smaller universes - since the description of singularities on that scale is already in use. But now in the scheme of things, the big bang just got that much smaller and infinity is that much bigger. That's probably why it sounds so crazy.

      I figured there's plenty of fractal structures out there, and at some level the entire universe would exhibit similar behavior. So while everyone else thinks of a big-bang, I'm thinking it's the formation of a cohesive black hole that contains the inter-observable portion of the universe. The "bang" is perhaps the expansion of the event horizon and then the cohesion and cooling of matter inside the singularity. (But none of this is really visible to the exo-observable side, as all they see is a black hole on their side.) But not being able to directly observe anything on the outside of the event horizon still doesn't mean other stuff isn't out there. So whatever is on the exo-observable portion of the universe can feed into or gravitationally influence the inter-observable portion. Just like things orbiting or falling into the scaled down repetion of the phonemena that we call black holes. As long as there is stuff in the exo-observable part feeding in, the observable part we know will continue to expand without any worries of a heat death. But nobody is likely to like that idea, because it's likely to make things more messy from a predictability perspective. More or less a Shroedinger's "ceiling-cat" in regards to the fate of the observable universe.

      If we're really inside of a singularity, perhaps that might shed some light on the speed of light limit. (Afterall, light can't escape a black hole - right?) And then again it might bring up some wierder stuff in regards to time dilation and ability to time travel within the observable portion of the singularity. Figuring out a good and plausible test would probably make one heck of an interesting challenge. Hmm... Although it would be funny that if we saw one "end", we could also see the backside of the other "end". But would we recognize it?

  3. The Underverse is there ... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    and it is the weight of the undead that is pulling us that way. only in space noone can hear them scream.

    1. Re:The Underverse is there ... by siddesu · · Score: 1

      yeah, either that, or the fat of the basement dwellers.

  4. The Universe goes on Forever by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    We are going to continue to find things that we don't know about, because the Universe goes forever. Let me repeat that, FOREVER. Just because there may be an edge to what we think the Universe is doesn't mean that things just end there. It isn't rocket surgery, it is logic. If the known universe is expanding outward, that means that it has to have someplace to go, right?

    Or am I just high right now?

    1. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by caffeinemessiah · · Score: 1

      It isn't rocket surgery, it is logic. If the known universe is expanding outward, that means that it has to have someplace to go, right? Or am I just high right now?

      Ummm....I would say the latter (bold emphasis mine). Then again, it is very easy to confuse rocket surgery and logic.

      --
      An old-timer with old-timey ideas.
    2. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by Big+Nothing · · Score: 4, Funny

      " If the known universe is expanding outward, that means that it has to have someplace to go, right?

      Or am I just high right now?"

      I'd say it's a little of both.

      --
      SIG: TAKE OFF EVERY 'CAPTAIN'!!
    3. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by The+Master+Control+P · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Your reasoning is trapped by trying to imagine the universe as some defined boundary expanding. It's the same reasoning that images the Big Bang as an explosion in space.

      The bang wasn't an explosion in spacetime, it was an explosion of spacetime. The expansion of space just means that the metric which measures distance between two points that stay at the same location changes. As time passes, two points which stay at the same location on some hypothetical reference grid will first measure one foot apart, then two, then five, etc. They aren't going anywhere, they're being carried along on space itself.

    4. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by myowntrueself · · Score: 0

      As a non-astrophysicist, nor any kind of physicist I know that my statement is going to carry little weight...

      I believe that one day we will discover that 'big bang theory' is every bit as small-minded, parochial and blinkered as geo-centrism (ie the theory that the earth is at the center of the solar system).

      --
      In the free world the media isn't government run; the government is media run.
    5. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by hvm2hvm · · Score: 1

      Well this discovery is probably part of that idea. If there are huge structures beyond our observable Universe (the guy said something like hundreds of billions of light years) then our observable Universe is probably not actually in the center of it. I guess this is exactly like the geo-centrism but on a larger scale.

      Yes, they argued that those structures may come from the big bang itself but that means they traveled many times faster than light which is maybe more improbable.

      Disclaimer: I'm not much of an expert on astrophysics either.

      --
      ics
    6. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by Thiez · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Would you mind explaining why? The big bang theory does not in any way suggest that we are 'special', and it is not in contradiction with any observations as far as I know.

    7. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by Goaway · · Score: 1

      Making random claims without any basis is pretty much the exact opposite of "logic".

    8. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by genner · · Score: 1

      The big bang theory does not in any way suggest that we are 'special'.

      Unless you combine it with the theory of evolution and the observation that we are the only intelligent species in the unvierse. Then you could say yeah...we're the only ones who survived and evolved in a cold indifffrent universe. Suck it universe we're special!

    9. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by MightyYar · · Score: 1

      Don't confuse the "big bang" with the term "observable universe". We are at the center of our observable universe, by definition. If we lived a couple of million light years away, our observable universe would be the same size but would be shifted over by a couple of million light years.

      The big bang just means that the universe started expanding at some point - and presumably this includes the ENTIRE universe and not just our observable bit. How big the universe is and what shape it has are up in the air, and not part of the big bang theory.

      A lot of people think that the big bang means that there was a point source where all matter grew from - this is not true. An explosion or grenade going off is a bad analogy. It's more like a balloon being inflated - though that implies a shape so is not a great analogy.

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    10. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by Thiez · · Score: 1

      > Unless you combine it with the theory of evolution and the observation that we are the only intelligent species in the unvierse.

      So you combine the theory of evolution with the big bang theory and a nonexistant observation and conclude that we are special? I think you lost me there.

    11. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by zehaeva · · Score: 1

      I am somehow reminded of Bones doing surgery on a torpedo ...

    12. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by genner · · Score: 1

      I think you lost me there.

      Thats because I'm special.

    13. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by not-my-real-name · · Score: 1

      I dunno. The thing is is that by definition, we are going to be in the center of the observable universe. That is simple geometry and tells us nothing about the unobservable universe. An other thing is that if the universe is expanding uniformly, any point would see the universe expanding around that point. Again that would say nothing about how special that point is.

      --
      un-ALTERED reproduction and dissimination of this IMPORTANT information is ENCOURAGED
    14. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by kalirion · · Score: 1

      The bang wasn't an explosion in spacetime, it was an explosion of spacetime.

      There are those theories about there being big bangs before our big bang. Wouldn't that mean there's at least at "time" of sorts that wasn't in fact started with the big bang?

    15. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by MightyMartian · · Score: 1

      Interesting. So you have some other explanation for nucleosynthesis, red-shift of distant galaxies and the CMBR.

      Do tell what else could possibly explain this besides the statement "the observable universe was once very hot and very dense and then began to expand and cool".

      You'll note the phrase "observable universe", which is key. The Big Bang explains the observable universe. It's not meant to describe something beyond the observable universe. To be sure, as our knowledge grows, the horizons of what constitutes the universe will grow, but whatever theory ends up explaining it, you can be sure that at least a local expansion of space-time is going to be a part of it.

      --
      The world's burning. Moped Jesus spotted on I50. Details at 11.
    16. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by Eli+Gottlieb · · Score: 1

      Naw, you're just the idiots who haven't discovered interstellar travel yet.

    17. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by b4upoo · · Score: 1

      Every bath tub has a drain. Do you expect less of the universe?

    18. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by maraist · · Score: 1

      I've watched countless debates on big-bang v.s. steady-state theory, and yes, I understand the evidence against steady-state (it's flawed), BUT I've never been convinced that COBE and other projects offer definitive proof the single-origin universe.

      The response to evidence outside our expansion frame is typically called the multi-verse. Or multiple unconnected big-bangs.. Possibly recursive or as part of an outer eather that intrinsicly spawns universes.

      But the more abstract that multiverses and extra boundries get, the more LIKE steady-state the description of our universe gets.

      Just because there was a local event that is bounded by the speed of light, doesn't mean it encompasses the entire universe. If you were a fly inside an internal combustion engine and your entire life was defined by a single stroke of the engine, you might be inclined to define the entire universe as the confines of the cylinder walls. But living outside the cylinder walls, we'd consider that largely lacking in knowledge.

      The point is largely moot unless we (the fly) can determine a way of practically effecting matter as far away as we can observe. Then the cylinder walls become a limiting factor. But we're having trouble getting past the boundry of our solar system right now.

      The classical argument against steady-state is that the universe can't be both infinitely old and infinitely large, because the sky would be white. Elementary school level reasoning (INAP). My argument against that was that you're assuming certain properties about radiation. Consider that an electron is bounded oscilating energy. Likewise, a galaxy is bounded/cohesive energy. Yes it emits a certain waste radiation (that's how we see it), but is mostly contained. A galaxy is on a larger scale than the surrounding electron region. Why not consider even larger scales, might E&M radiation act differently on even larger scales - curving in on itself like we speculate happens in a black-hole (in constrained scales). Might gravity have tremendously different characteristics on these larger scales? We already speculate that they are particle based (GR not withstanding), that they propagate as waves at the speed of light. Thus they radiate. If radiation can be bounded, even in only parts, which we KNOW it can. Then disconnected REGIONS of the universe should be natural and numerous. What we call the expansion of the visible universe is really the warping of the internal confines of our region of space. Which would be analogous to the warping of electron bonds given outside excitation - in extremely slow motion.

      This is baseless speculation except that it directs research attention to the properties of radiation at extreme scales - specifically bounded/oscilating/vortexing large-scale radiating bodies.

      --
      -Michael
    19. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      UT I've never been convinced that COBE and other projects offer definitive proof the single-origin universe.

      They don't. They can't rule out explanations that invoke processes outside the observable universe.

      But the more abstract that multiverses and extra boundries get, the more LIKE steady-state the description of our universe gets.

      Well, you can try to cook up eternal universes that way, but they're very much not "steady state". If anything, they're even more dynamic (multiple bangs, etc.)

      Consider that an electron is bounded oscilating energy. Likewise, a galaxy is bounded/cohesive energy.

      I don't know if that's a good descriptions of either electrons or galaxies.

      Why not consider even larger scales, might E&M radiation act differently on even larger scales - curving in on itself like we speculate happens in a black-hole (in constrained scales).

      By what mechanism?

      Might gravity have tremendously different characteristics on these larger scales?

      Maybe, but there are all kinds of things you have to be able to explain. For instance, the luminosity-redshift relation obeys a certain relationship in an expanding universe. If you want a non-expanding universe with "weird gravity", can you construct a theory which explains Hubble redshift while also honoring the observed luminosity-redshift relation? Can you explain the blackbody CMBR spectrum? The CMBR anisotropies? The atomic spectra in distant galaxies which indicates they were once bathed in a much hotter CMBR? Light element nucleosynthesis ratios?

      It's really easy to say "Well maybe it could be this ..." if "this" is very vague. But as Feynman said, it's impossible to prove a vague theory wrong. Once you start writing down details, 99% of theories so proposed end up being wrong. A theory like the Big Bang which passes so many different tests is a rare phenomenon.

    20. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Disclaimer: I'm not a physicist so most of what I'm putting out here is probably wrong.

      Isn't the assumption that the sky would be white also based on the idea that regions of space without dense bits of matter are simply *empty*? From what I understand, we know this not to be correct: there is an interstellar medium, largely comprised of hydrogen. Doesn't light undergo a shift when it interacts with matter during its travel? If so, then it stands to reason that even in a steady-state universe, we would not have "white skies" at night or what have you.

      If any of the above were correct we wouldn't even need any crazy/improbable dark matter, string theory or what have you theories to explain the appearance of the universe to us on Earth.

      Also, I've always wondered how Big Bangists reconcile the issue that if spacetime itself is expanding, wouldn't the spacetime existing within atoms also expand? If that's the case we should be able to measure directly the change in distance from a given electron orbital to its nucleus over time.

    21. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by ardle · · Score: 1

      Well, maybe the strength of the language may have put you off a bit, but if you think about it: even the most successful theories we have are limited in some way, and many of them were embraced as "universal" at some time or other (most famous example: Newtonian physics?).
      It's resonable to assume that a theory that posits that everything we can percieve originated from a single point (ok, so it's a kind of "blob" now) has a high probability of going the same way as other "mono-" theories (and attitudes), I would think.

    22. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A lot of the "proof" for the Big Bang however it's supported mostly by vague theories.

      Nevermind dark matter, string theory etc.

      So, we have local expansion. Compared to the universe, it could be much like a raisin bread in an oven.

    23. Re:The Universe goes on Forever by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      A lot of the "proof" for the Big Bang however it's supported mostly by vague theories.

      Big Bang cosmology makes rather concrete predictions for all of the phenomena I mentioned above, and more. It is not vague. It's now specific enough that we are able to rule out different versions of Big Bang theory based on higher-order details in the CMBR angular power spectrum like the acoustic peaks.

  5. Torus universe by Kligat · · Score: 0

    I had heard from LiveScience that someone had been speculating our universe was shaped like a higher dimensional torus. Isn't there a type of hyperdimensional torus with a very small hole that kind of looks like a cushion (the middle one)? Maybe that could cause material to flow to a central point while the torus expands.

    Also, if a 3D universe is projected as a surface of a 3D figure, be it sphere, cylinder, torus, or the friendly dodecahedron, would there be any places that could lead to the core?

    1. Re:Torus universe by caffeinemessiah · · Score: 1

      I had heard from LiveScience that someone had been speculating our universe was shaped like a higher dimensional torus. Isn't there a type of hyperdimensional torus with a very small hole that kind of looks like a cushion (the middle one [wikimedia.org])? Maybe that could cause material to flow to a central point while the torus expands.

      I don't understand this speculation -- is there any reason to believe that matter is flowing to the center of the universe while it expands? TFA talks about unexplained forces from the region of space beyond the reach of light from the big bang, i.e. the unobservable universe. Although it says space/time probably doesn't work the same there, there's no reason to believe in exotic higher-dimensional structures for the universe unless there's a good reason and empirical evidence to do so.

      --
      An old-timer with old-timey ideas.
    2. Re:Torus universe by Kligat · · Score: 1

      Sorry, I was just wondering if natural curvature could have an effect like that of a large concentration of mass, or if the universe is entirely convex.

    3. Re:Torus universe by genner · · Score: 1

      there's no reason to believe in exotic higher-dimensional structures for the universe unless there's a good reason and empirical evidence to do so.

      Sure there is, because it sounds cool.

    4. Re:Torus universe by zehaeva · · Score: 1

      I wanna say that recent experiments have found the curvature of the universe to be nearly flat ... I could be horribly wrong. Its just some vague feeling I have in the back of my head that sometime in the not too distant past I went, "huh crazy no curve to space, time to throw out of a few theories"

      anyone have references?

  6. Are we alone? by Capsaicin · · Score: 4, Funny

    Years of watching slashdot paid off in a truly interesting story

    Yes and the editors missed the once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to run it under the heading "NASA SCIENTISTS DISCOVER GOD." Damn!

    --
    Better to be despised for too anxious apprehensions, than ruined by too confident a security. --Edmund Burke
    1. Re:Are we alone? by Chris+Rhodes · · Score: 5, Funny

      Cthulu waits.

    2. Re:Are we alone? by somersault · · Score: 1

      Don't worry, there should be a dupe along soon*

      *actually, I've not noticed many dupes recently - perhaps the Universe really is being altered by this Dark Flow

      --
      which is totally what she said
    3. Re:Are we alone? by 19thNervousBreakdown · · Score: 1

      Ia! Ia! Cthulhu fhtagn!

      --
      <xml><I><am><so><damn>Web 2.0</damn></so></am></I></xml>
    4. Re:Are we alone? by PMBjornerud · · Score: 1

      The most merciful thing in the world, I think, is the inability of the human mind to correlate all its contents.
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cthulhu_Mythos#Theme

      --
      I lost my sig.
    5. Re:Are we alone? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      While I applaud the sentiment, your accuracy leaves much to be desired.

      We all know that "Cthulhu waits" (or Cthulhu fhtagn) in his house at R'lyeh, which is located at the ocean floor somewhere near the Pacific pole of inaccessibility... firmly ON Earth, not outside the observable universe.

      I think it far more likely that this is due to Azathoth's influence, or perhaps Yog-Sothoth finally breaking into our space-time.

    6. Re:Are we alone? by It+doesn't+come+easy · · Score: 1

      Hmmm...maybe it's the drain for an Omnipotent's toilet...and he just flushed...

      --
      The NSA: The only part of the US government that actually listens.
    7. Re:Are we alone? by Chris+Rhodes · · Score: 1

      Happy thoughts

  7. I'm no astronomer by Centurix · · Score: 5, Funny

    But I'd say if lots of really big things are being affected, then there could be a bigger thing out there.

    It's a theory I know. I'd like to call it Cen's Big Fucking Thing theory, it's a big ball of stuff, chairs, signs, tanks, gravel and so on, literally sucking the universe dry of interesting stuff. A universal suck, maybe even a multiversal suck mechanism. Either way, I'm pretty sure we'll not see it coming.

    --
    Task Mangler
    1. Re:I'm no astronomer by incognito84 · · Score: 3, Funny

      So it's essentially like a giant vacuum (cleaner)?

    2. Re:I'm no astronomer by Centurix · · Score: 3, Funny

      Yes, a big bagless vacuum cleaner. In my theory I'll outline to time of the apocalypse, or as I call it, Dyson time.

      --
      Task Mangler
    3. Re:I'm no astronomer by ocularDeathRay · · Score: 1

      no no no, that makes no sense. It must be a large collection of missing left socks!!!

      --
      Obama is a twitter sock puppet
    4. Re:I'm no astronomer by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Your theory sucks

    5. Re:I'm no astronomer by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      Is it possible that the Big Fucking Thing is in fact a humongously gigantic Dyson sphere?

      In many fictional accounts, the Dyson sphere concept is most often interpreted as an artificial hollow sphere of matter around a star .. Such a shell would have no net gravitational interaction with its englobed sun (see Shell theorem), and could drift in relation to the central star. If such movements went uncorrected, they could eventually result in a collision between the sphere and the star - most likely with disastrous results.

      Replace 'star' and 'sun' with 'observable universe bubble' and the science is just astounding!

    6. Re:I'm no astronomer by rts008 · · Score: 1

      Yeah, just call it the Universal-Self-Programmable Roomba.
      *looks at possible acronyms...Hmmmm?-I must lack imagination!*

      It is only an advanced Terra-Alien youngster's science project for what we would consider 'junior high/middle school'.
      Don't be alarmed...Bart Simpson will NOT stick his finger into your world!!!

      Oh yeah, I almost forgot!:

      'I for one, welcome our Finger-Poking, Roomba-packing Overlords!'

      --
      Down With Slashdot BETA!!! I've been around the corner and seen the oliphant; you can only abuse me from your perspecti
    7. Re:I'm no astronomer by rts008 · · Score: 1

      You sir, are delusioned, as I have countless pairs of left socks....and have patent AND copyright privileges on the 'concept of having only left socks' via my /. profile....oh, wait...let me get to the USPTO!....PLEASE!?!?!?!?!?Dammit, too late! UHMMM .... Nevermind.
      *crawls back under rock to consult with RIAA lawyer????!!!!???*

      All joking aside, until we have a chance to study this seemingly new data, it is all speculation.

      This should open new doors to check out. (so to speak)

       

      --
      Down With Slashdot BETA!!! I've been around the corner and seen the oliphant; you can only abuse me from your perspecti
    8. Re:I'm no astronomer by meringuoid · · Score: 1
      It's a theory I know. I'd like to call it Cen's Big Fucking Thing theory, it's a big ball of stuff, chairs, signs, tanks, gravel and so on, literally sucking the universe dry of interesting stuff. A universal suck, maybe even a multiversal suck mechanism. Either way, I'm pretty sure we'll not see it coming.

      Naaa na na nana nana na na, katamari damashii...

      --
      Real Daleks don't climb stairs - they level the building.
    9. Re:I'm no astronomer by Lumpy · · Score: 1

      and it's gone from suck to blow?

      --
      Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
    10. Re:I'm no astronomer by fuzed · · Score: 1

      Maybe its more like a pool drain the big guy pulled the plug out of. The pressure of stuff may be pushing the stuff towards region of lesser pressure. Or like f Pohl put out in the heechee series,could be a massive, many thousand sun black hole? (though there was a paper recently postulating a maximum size (by mass?) on black holes)

      --
      If there is anyone else really in here, please close up and go home, reality is closed until further notice.
    11. Re:I'm no astronomer by niktemadur · · Score: 1

      I'd like to call it Cen's Big Fucking Thing theory.

      Hip cosmologists who've seen Lewis Black's stand up comedy act aren't concerned about the composition of it, just as long as it's big, and it's a fucking thing.

      --
      Lil' Thindime, lilting a lacrimose lament, krashes the kwaint konfines of Kokonino Kounty
    12. Re:I'm no astronomer by itsdapead · · Score: 1

      Yes, a big bagless vacuum cleaner. In my theory I'll outline to time of the apocalypse, or as I call it, Dyson time.

      Sorry, but Dyson (the vacuum cleaner co) had their geek card withdrawn when they released a vacuum cleaner with a large spherical wheel and called it the Dyson ball. What a missed opportunity... Looks like my next vacuum cleaner will have to be a Vax.

      --
      In a survey of 100 programmers, 111111 thought that duck-typing was a good idea.
    13. Re:I'm no astronomer by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Is that were my unmatched socks keep ending up?

    14. Re:I'm no astronomer by Centurix · · Score: 1

      I always wondered why we can't send a Roomba up to clean out objects in LEO...

      --
      Task Mangler
    15. Re:I'm no astronomer by OriginalArlen · · Score: 1

      So that would be the biggest concentration of suck in the known universe; but hasn't this already been identified as being that Bill O'Reilly guy on Fox News?

      --

      Everything I needed to know about life, I learnt from Blake's Seven
    16. Re:I'm no astronomer by ocularDeathRay · · Score: 1

      Ren and Stimpy will claim prior art and your patent will be rendered useless

      --
      Obama is a twitter sock puppet
  8. Flimflammery by MaxwellEdison · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I'm actually pretty excited at this news. Granted, my understanding of astrophysics is limited to Hawking books and guests of George Noory (kidding, kind of). But I look forward to anything that seems to pin down the concept of 'dark matter'.

    Dark matter to me has always smacked of a Victorian Era flimflam artist talking about the aether. And I don't care how dapper Mortimer T. Snerd is dressed, I'm not drinking his dark matter kool-aid until I can get a better explination for it than 'its invisible, supermassive, unobservable, and so totally there'. If you can't explain it to me, the interested layman, you may need to put your theory back in the crucible o' truth. Its probably not done yet.

    --
    -=Bang Bang=-
    1. Re:Flimflammery by RichiH · · Score: 2, Insightful

      'Can be understood by an interested layman' is definitely the wrong metric for measuring scientific advancement.

      That being said, the aether & dark matter/energy analogy is something I have been thinking about as well. It _does_ feel like a crutch for current theories. Or someone figures out where this stuff hides in the next 24 hours. Who knows :)

    2. Re:Flimflammery by cp.tar · · Score: 1

      It may be not quite like aether. Maybe it's more like phlogiston.

      --
      Ignore this signature. By order.
    3. Re:Flimflammery by Ambitwistor · · Score: 5, Interesting

      But I look forward to anything that seems to pin down the concept of 'dark matter'.

      This new theory isn't an alternative to dark matter.

      I'm not drinking his dark matter kool-aid until I can get a better explination for it than 'its invisible, supermassive, unobservable, and so totally there'.

      You believe neutrinos exist, right? How hard is it to believe that there's something else like a neutrino out there, but heavier?

      Dark matter-like particles have been predicted for decades. Within the Standard Model, there's the axion which is supposed to solve the strong CP problem in QCD. In the supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model, there is the neutralino. In fact, most theories beyond the Standard Model naturally require some heavy scalar particle which could be a dark matter candidate.

      Modifying gravity doesn't appear to consistently explain all the gravitational behavior we observe. The other alternative is modifying the source of gravity, i.e. there's something out there we can't see for some reason. And that does account for the gravitational behavior we observe.

    4. Re:Flimflammery by niktemadur · · Score: 1

      As I understand it, Aether was described as a medium through which energy, such as light, moved, like ripples in a pond, where water is the medium, and ever since Quantum Theory reared its' abstract head, the Aether has been dismissed - waves/particles move in a vacuum.

      Dark Matter, on the other hand, is widely accepted and can be two different phenomena:
      1. Brown dwarves, planetoids, flotsam and jetsam of the cosmos, known as MaCHOs (Massive Compact Halo Objects).
      2. Particles that do NOT interact through Strong Force (proton bonding with help from neutrons), Weak Force (decay of electron orbits) or Electromagnetism. Known as WIMPs (Weak Interactive Massive Particles), these are subatomic particles that only interact through Gravity, and as they never bond, all they can do is clump into a sort of fog.

      WIMPs are impossible to detect directly with current technology, as gravity wave detectors would be needed, and even if we had them, the waves/particles (gravitons, I believe) would be extremely few and far between. To boot, they would be almost identical to a neutrino (according to the blackboard), so even if the sensor lights up, was it a graviton or a neutrino?

      The only way we can detect Dark Matter is through their effect on Visible Matter. As an example, considering the "regular" mass of our galaxy and the speed at which it rotates, it should fly apart like beans on a turntable. But it doesn't, and only a mind-bending amount of matter we can't see can account for that.

      So you see, Dark Matter a pretty straightforward concept. What I have trouble with is this Dark Energy that pops up occasionally, and from what I remember, the Coast To Coast radio show used to make a lot of noise about zero-point energy or some such weirdness. I stopped listening to that show years ago, as it contaminated my perspective on (ahem) real science. Now I get my science fix from Slashdot!!!

      --
      Lil' Thindime, lilting a lacrimose lament, krashes the kwaint konfines of Kokonino Kounty
    5. Re:Flimflammery by drerwk · · Score: 1

      'Can be understood by an interested layman' is definitely the wrong metric for measuring scientific advancement.

      "If you can't explain your physics to a barmaid it is probably not very good physics."
      Ernest Rutherford

      "You do not really understand something unless you can explain it to your grandmother."
      Albert Einstein

      "If you can't explain it to a six year old, you don't really understand it."
      Richard Feynman


      Of course Feynman thought of first year students as six year olds...

    6. Re:Flimflammery by Goaway · · Score: 1

      If you can't explain it to me, the interested layman, you may need to put your theory back in the crucible o' truth.

      Why do you assume the universe would exist for you to understand?

      Humans are simple creatures, being able to see only the tiniest slice of reality. Why should the vastness of the universe necessarily be confined to the tiny fraction of it we find comfortable?

      We are all prisoners in Plato's cave, and you are demanding that any explanation of the world would have to be made in terms of the shadows on the wall, or else you call it untrue.

    7. Re:Flimflammery by Sancho · · Score: 1

      Modifying gravity doesn't appear to consistently explain all the gravitational behavior we observe. The other alternative is modifying the source of gravity, i.e. there's something out there we can't see for some reason. And that does account for the gravitational behavior we observe.

      Right. Hence: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_falling

    8. Re:Flimflammery by MightyYar · · Score: 1

      Yes, all the aether is being used up in string theory. Vibrating strings, yessir. They permeate the universe... strings all the way down :)

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    9. Re:Flimflammery by niklask · · Score: 1

      1. Brown dwarves, planetoids, flotsam and jetsam of the cosmos, known as MaCHOs (Massive Compact Halo Objects).

      Far too few such objects are observed to make it a plausible explanation. Also, it is not a plausible explanation for the mass distribution seen in clusters of galaxies where the mass distribution DOES NOT match the galaxy distribution.

      2. Particles that do NOT interact through Strong Force (proton bonding with help from neutrons), Weak Force (decay of electron orbits) or Electromagnetism.

      Just to correct you, the strong interaction couples to color charges of quarks and gluons. Atomic nuclei are held together due to residuals of of the strong interaction.

      The weak interaction is not about decaying electron orbits. Neutron beta decay is a weak interaction.

    10. Re:Flimflammery by Abcd1234 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Modifying gravity doesn't appear to consistently explain all the gravitational behavior we observe.

      In fact, it actually *can't*. Once again, I cite the Bullet Cluster and MACS J0025 results. As this researcher put it, "Nevertheless, the most straightforward interpretation is that there is indeed unseen mass.", and "It does add something new, and that is that whatever that mass is, it is not collisional." Incidentally, his position is that CDM is still not the answer, and that the real solution is a combination of MOND plus some sort of non-interacting mass (eg, WIMPs). But given whatever is there is a) invisible, and b) collisionless, that proves that there's *something* out there that qualifies as dark matter, even if you're unwilling to believe that it is the sole explanation for the missing mass problem.

      In summary: for those of you complaining that dark matter resembles aether: you're wrong. It exists. It's existence has been demonstrated in real results. No one credible is denying this fact any longer.

    11. Re:Flimflammery by vegiVamp · · Score: 1

      now why does that make me think of the Higgs boson ? That's supposed to be what gives mass to other stuff, right ?

      Maybe dark matter is clouds of Higgs bosons, and after the LHC manages to detect them, we'll find better ways of detecting them and suddenly find where all this dark matter stuff is.

      Or not, of course. I'm just pulling that out of my ass, after all.

      --
      What a depressingly stupid machine.
    12. Re:Flimflammery by domatic · · Score: 1

      'Can be understood by an interested layman' is definitely the wrong metric for measuring scientific advancement.

      That is very short sighted. Most of the low-hanging fruit of science has been plucked. Much research requires support from the public to be done since the tools required are so costly. Europe has the Large Hadron Collider and we DON'T have the SSC because the funding to finish it was cut in the early nineties.

      Many in science like to scorn explainers like Sagan. Asimov, and Gould. They loftily dismiss anyone hasn't put in the years of specialized study they have. For such intelligent people that is seriously stupid. Pure science increasingly needs public funding to get done. Corporations are only going to fund research that fattens their bottom lines in the short term. Since public funding is necessary then the public has to have some understanding and sympathy for the goals of science. That means better science education and not scorning those who try to explain what is going on to philistine laymen.

    13. Re:Flimflammery by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Modifying gravity doesn't appear to consistently explain all the gravitational behavior we observe.

      Doesn't appear mainly because there's only one or two physicists with the guts to study it. The rest would rather just make up fairy particle that can't be observed aside from there supposed mass and attendant gravity. Convenient since without them what we have observed won't match the precious theory. Does anyone else smell a circular argument.

    14. Re:Flimflammery by RichiH · · Score: 1

      While I basically agree with what you are saying, I don't see how this applies to what I said.

      Yes, it would be great if the general public would wisen up.
      Yes, it would be great if people would be interested in long-term goals.
      Yes, it would be great if companies were to fund scientific groundwork (again).

      Still, there are things which require an insane amount of specific knowledge so you can handle them. Do you think those topics and fields should not be researched, any longer?

    15. Re:Flimflammery by glwtta · · Score: 1

      You believe neutrinos exist, right? How hard is it to believe that there's something else like a neutrino out there, but heavier?

      It's also not hard to believe that there's something that's like a neutrino, but tastes like raspberries - that doesn't automatically make it true, though.

      Dark matter is a pretty reasonable hypothesis, my main objection is that in the 90-some years since it's inception, very little actual evidence has been produced to support it, yet so many people treat it as established fact.

      On the off chance that we may not know everything about gravity, or the composition of the entire universe, a little diffidence wouldn't hurt.

      --
      sic transit gloria mundi
    16. Re:Flimflammery by domatic · · Score: 1

      Still, there are things which require an insane amount of specific knowledge so you can handle them. Do you think those topics and fields should not be researched, any longer?

      No, but the best possible attempts should be made to explain the gist of them to the public. "You need to study for years before you'll understand this but trust me the work is important and cannot go forward without the grant." just Won't Go Over. Some politicians like to make names for themselves by undercutting "The Eggheads". Refusing to even attempt comprehensible summaries of what the work could mean for our understanding in general and perhaps future technologies gives those politicians easy work.

    17. Re:Flimflammery by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      The Higgs is unstable. Dark matter has to be stable to still be around since the Big Bang.

      However, depending on what dark matter is, it's possible that the LHC will see it as well as the Higgs.

    18. Re:Flimflammery by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      my main objection is that in the 90-some years since it's inception, very little actual evidence has been produced to support it, yet so many people treat it as established fact.

      It's not "fact", but it is pretty well established by now, on the basis of the numerous independent phenomena it can explain as well as the failure of the many alternatives which have been advanced.

      On the off chance that we may not know everything about gravity, or the composition of the entire universe, a little diffidence wouldn't hurt.

      It's possible that dark matter is really modified gravity, but by now you have to go through really extreme contortions to get a gravitational theory to do that (e.g., the Bullet Cluster results mentioned by someone else). People apply Occam's Razor and say that it's dark matter unless better evidence comes along.

      As for the composition of the entire universe, it's the fact that we don't know the composition of the universe which leads us to postulate dark matter: there appears to be something missing. Whatever it is that we don't know, is what we call "dark matter".

    19. Re:Flimflammery by Abcd1234 · · Score: 1

      Dark matter is a pretty reasonable hypothesis, my main objection is that in the 90-some years since it's inception

      No matter how many times you say that, you're still wrong.

    20. Re:Flimflammery by Abcd1234 · · Score: 1

      Wow, talk about epic quoting fail. Oh well, you get the idea. :)

    21. Re:Flimflammery by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      Doesn't appear mainly because there's only one or two physicists with the guts to study it.

      That's an idiotic statement. There are a number of people who have studied MOND, for instance, and you can easily find talks and papers which compare and contrast the two theories. (Look up Sean Carroll's talk from a few years ago. He takes modified gravity quite seriously, but has ultimately concluded it doesn't hold up.)

      And regardless of how many people have studied it, the fact remains is that modified gravity just doesn't work to explain all the phenomena that dark matter does, and is virtually impossible to reconcile with specific phenomena like the Bullet Cluster without giving up and appealing to dark matter.

      The rest would rather just make up fairy particle that can't be observed aside from there supposed mass and attendant gravity.

      That's wrong. Some kinds of dark matter can be observed in principle, either from direct detectors or in particle accelerators.

      Moreover, such particles were not made up to explain astrophysics. Plenty of dark matter candidates have been proposed to explain ordinary phenomena in particle physics.

    22. Re:Flimflammery by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Appeal to authority, ad hominem against those who don't agree, circular logic.

      Troll harder jackass.

    23. Re:Flimflammery by RichiH · · Score: 1

      I agree.

      Yet, this must not be a metric by which to measure scientific advancement.

    24. Re:Flimflammery by Xyrus · · Score: 1

      Another alternative is the super-dimensional objects from outside the universe have effects that we can observe within our universe.

      We know the rules that govern our space-time. We don't know the rules governing objects that are outside it (or perhaps out of phase with it).

      For example, maybe our space-time is little more than a hiccup in a larger, say 5-D universe. We may be the result of a singularity in that universe which collapses one of it's dimensions. A large enough object passing near to that singularity (us) may exert some influence that we see in our universe, but would be incapable of actually detecting directly.

      All we can say with any certainty is how things work in our space-time. Anything outside of that is up for grabs. :)

      ~X~

      --
      ~X~
    25. Re:Flimflammery by lawpoop · · Score: 1

      Dark Matter is not an aether. It's a very simple proposition:

      All dark matter does is weigh. It doesn't reflect light; it doesn't interact with any other particles. All it does is exert gravitational attraction. Now, think about that for a moment. Suppose such a stuff as dark matter, which only exerts gravitational attraction, but has no other observable phenomena, actually existed. How would we come to know about it? What phenomena would we be observing that would indicate the existance of such a stuff? Only one: mass -- and nothing else.

      All that we know about the universe is that there is missing mass. We've measured all the mass from everything that can be observed and we've come up short. We've accounted for every 'thing' we can observe and it doesn't weigh enough. So therefore, there is something out there that weighs, but doesn't generate any other observable phenomena -- it doesn't emit light nor does it crash into anything. It just weighs. That's all it is -- weight alone.

      --
      Computers are useless. They can only give you answers.
      -- Pablo Picasso
    26. Re:Flimflammery by MaxwellEdison · · Score: 1

      If this stuff were evenly distributed over the universe, wouldn't it have some affect on the visible light that reaches our planet? Some sort of gravitational lensing at the very least?

      --
      -=Bang Bang=-
    27. Re:Flimflammery by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      Dark matter doesn't affect light directly (that's why it's dark). Dark matter "halos" around galaxies due to gravitational lensing have been observed. It's the uneven dense clumps that are easiest to observe, not the background matter.

    28. Re:Flimflammery by lawpoop · · Score: 1

      First off, I'm not a scientist.

      I don't know that Dark Matter is evenly distributed. But if it were, I don't think it would warp light. It would be like a smooth pane of glass -- it doesn't warp light because it's even. If it were lumpy, then it might -- like a warped pane of glass. If dark matter is evenly distributed, it would affect light the same across the board -- and then there wouldn't be any difference in any light anywhere for us to see an effect.

      But also, I think you have to have a lot of gravitational pull to warp light. AFAIK, it only happens with really big stars. I don't know if there's enough dark matter to warp light to a noticeable effect, on the level of gravitational lensing.

      --
      Computers are useless. They can only give you answers.
      -- Pablo Picasso
    29. Re:Flimflammery by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Er, "WIMP" means "weakly-interacting massive particle". They do experience at least the weak force and gravitation. They may experience the strong force, but there are problems with that. They do not experience the electromagnetic force, however.

      The strong force problem is that it's hard to write down a hypothesis explaining how -- if WIMPs experience the strong force -- condensates would not accrete. This can be seen as a pure Boltzmann problem -- we would expect to see larger clumps, which leads to the same problems with the lack of observational evidence (via gravitatonal lensing) for MACHOs. There are also scale problems with strong interactions, since we would expect to see interactions with atomic nuclei, and we don't see appropriate "forest" effects when observing highly energetic H+/He+ cosmic rays. Moreover, in Lambda-CDM, the mass is non-condensing, non-colliding and does not dissipate electromagnetically, so there are no clear mechanisms by which condensates could be broken up, and Lambda-CDM is well supported by observation and inflation theory.

      That WIMPs are predicted to experience the weak nuclear force at all is more related to heavy neutrino physics and some issues with the standard model -- it is not a requirement in Lambda-CDM. The weak interaction, however, makes detecting WIMPs terrestrially much easier than if CDM does not experience the weak force, and thus will "fail faster" if there is no evidence found experimentally in upcoming experiments. If the dark matter particles participate in weak interactions, then they will cause detectable changes in the form of nuclear decay rates and/or daughter products of nuclear decays.

      Dark matter and gravitons are not identical, and are only related in the sense that gravitons are one approach to modelling gravitational attraction among particles.

      It is not just galactic rotation curves that provide observational evidence of "missing mass", it's also lensing effects; this is most obvious in the Bullet Cluster collision, where the normal matter (which dissipates by radiating photons, which collides, which clumps, and which experiences the strong nuclear force and the electromagnetic force) is slowed and heated as the two bodies passed through one another. This resulted in a number of optical effects seen in spectral lines and luminosity, as well as trailing fields/streams of ejected visible matter. However, leading the normal mass are two areas where the the background galaxies are strongly gravitationally lensed.

      This sort of observation has been identified in other parts of the sky, and is expected to be common, and this places strong limits on the interaction cross-section of dark matter, and accords well with Lambda-CDM.

      So, "[t]he only way we can detect Dark Matter is through their effect on Visible Matter" is not quite right: we detect DM in the sky by looking for gravitational lensing in areas where there is no bright, visible matter. Looking very closely at these areas strongly suggests that it can't just be dim but otherwise visible-in-principle matter, or even mainly baryonic at all.

      What I have trouble with is this Dark Energy that pops up occasionally

      Gravitation can do work. If you attach a bunch of cables to the surface of an object undergoing gravitational collapse, and at the other end of the cables you have electric generators, the collapsing, inward-shrinking, radius-reducing surface will generate electricity. Energy in physics is the ability to do work.

      If instead of using cables and generators we use general relativity's spacetime and a gravitational field, then the collapse creates a gravitational field that is energetic -- it can do work. This energy propagates out as a gravity wave, which ultimately changes the energy, momentum, or angular momentum of some particle which experiences the force of gravity.

      Gravitation and electromagnetic radiation are the only forces which can cause work to be done at a sub

    30. Re:Flimflammery by cavebison · · Score: 1

      And that does account for the gravitational behavior we observe.

      Which is interesting, as I've heard that information can't travel faster than light (admittedly the radio wasn't very far away from me at the time).

      But here, in effect, we are gathering information on something outside our known universe. Why doesn't the article mention this seeming quandry? It not only implies (proves?) that "gravity information" travels faster than light, but they're assuming that gravity - as a physical property - functions *outside* our spacetime. How is that possible if everything I've heard about gravity relates it directly to the presence of "spacetime"? (Cue billiard ball rolling on elastic surface)

      Have they thought about how space and time may not function in quite the same way outside our universe and therefore the effect they're observing can never really be explained without knowing the nature of that external spacetime?

      Is there even any sense in saying "outside spacetime"? What does that mean exactly? Can gravity exist outside spacetime? Perhaps there are other forces that exert influence on gravity, much like a magnet pulling iron filings?

      Maybe this is an alternative possibility to the Higgs Field - a force yet to be identified which exists outside spacetime that influences gravity thereby causing mass?

      Man I need a beer. And possibly a towel.

    31. Re:Flimflammery by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      Which is interesting, as I've heard that information can't travel faster than light (admittedly the radio wasn't very far away from me at the time).

      Information isn't traveling faster than light in this scenario.

      But here, in effect, we are gathering information on something outside our known universe. Why doesn't the article mention this seeming quandry?

      The idea here is that "something" was once within our observable universe, it influenced the motion of some matter, and then expanded so that it is no longer in contact with us in any way. It is not now gravitationally influencing the observable universe. It used to, and we are seeing the remnants of that influence.

      It not only implies (proves?) that "gravity information" travels faster than light, but they're assuming that gravity - as a physical property - functions *outside* our spacetime.

      They're also not talking about "outside spacetime". "Beyond the observable universe" doesn't mean "outside spacetime", it just means "a part of spacetime so far away that light from it hasn't reached us".

      Have they thought about how space and time may not function in quite the same way outside our universe

      Part of their theory is that spacetime expanded in a different way (at a different rate and time) outside our observable universe than it did inside.

      Is there even any sense in saying "outside spacetime"?

      Probably not, if you want to talk about something that can relate in any way to our spacetime.

    32. Re:Flimflammery by cavebison · · Score: 1

      The idea here is that "something" was once within our observable universe

      Ah ok, I see where I misunderstood. However, if you're saying it "then expanded so that it is no longer in contact with us in any way", doesn't that also make reference to something which is *now* outside our spacetime?

      If something is outside our spacetime, is there any way of referencing it conceptually that is logical or meaningful? That's not sarcasm, I'm just curious.

    33. Re:Flimflammery by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      However, if you're saying it "then expanded so that it is no longer in contact with us in any way", doesn't that also make reference to something which is *now* outside our spacetime?

      No, just something which is now outside the observable portion of our spacetime. It can't influence us if light can't reach us, because no physical influence can travel faster than light. It's out of contact with us not because it's outside of spacetime, but just because it's too far away for anything that now happens there to have reached here.

      If something is outside our spacetime, is there any way of referencing it conceptually that is logical or meaningful?

      Logically you can invent anything you want which is outside our spacetime. But physically, if it can influence our spacetime, then it's usually defined to be part of spacetime itself. Something that logically exists outside of spacetime but which can't influence ours, even in indirectly or in principle, has a physically dubious status. You could perhaps meaningfully speak of it if it were a logical implication of physical laws that apply to our universe — e.g., "the laws of physics predict X and Y which we observe, and by the way also predict other spacetimes which we can't observe. We could never verify the last aspect of the theory, but we could verify other aspects of it, and so perhaps have very indirect physical "evidence" of those other spacetimes.

    34. Re:Flimflammery by cavebison · · Score: 1

      Thanks for taking the time to answer my silly questions.

      I think I see what you mean, but one more question remains.. the influence of gravity does seem to convey information faster than light, if I'm not mistaken. Though the Sun's light reaches us after 8 minutes, we feel the effect of its gravity *now*, not what its gravitational effect was on us 8 minutes ago, is that right? If that's true, then if a nearby star collapses into a back hole, won't we feel the gravitational effect immediately even though light/radiation from it won't reach us till later?

      Assuming I'm on the right track, it seems to follow that if this mysterious object (or objects) did once exert a gravitational effect on those galaxy clusters, surely it still *is* exerting an effect, unless it has since moved to such an incredible distance that it no longer has any discernible effect, or has been destroyed/dispersed?

    35. Re:Flimflammery by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      No, gravitational effects travel at the speed of light. If something happened to the Sun, we would feel the gravitational effect at the same time we saw the light from the event, 8 minutes later. You can find somewhat more technical details in this FAQ.

      There are some subtle effects due to relativity; the direction of gravitational attraction appears to point toward where the Sun is now, not where it was 8 minutes ago. Actually, it doesn't really point to where the Sun is now. It points toward a linear extrapolation of where the Sun "should be" now based on where it really was 8 minutes ago, which solves the paradox: no information about the Sun's current position is transmitted faster than light. This also happens in electromagnetism with the Lorentz force experienced by a charged particle. There is a somewhat notorious crackpot on MetaResearch.org who misunderstands this point and uses it to argue that gravity propagates nearly instantaneously. (For some reason he doesn't apply the same logic to argue that light travels faster than light, which is what that error implies.)

    36. Re:Flimflammery by cavebison · · Score: 1

      Geez, again I must have misunderstood what I heard. Must listen more carefully. :)

      Thanks again, it's good to get answers to one's own questions directly. I used to annoy my high school physics teacher no end.

      Cheers!

  9. Smelloscope by SlowMovingTarget · · Score: 3, Funny

    Somebody remind Professor Farnsworth not to point the smelloscope at the dark flow. He passed out last time.

    1. Re:Smelloscope by Greyfox · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      Was it a dark flow in the vicinity of Uranus? That is definitely not a good dark flow to point the Smelloscope at.

      --

      I'm trying to teach myself to set people on fire with my mind... Is it hot in here?

    2. Re:Smelloscope by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ROLMAO

  10. Gravity Leech by CuteSteveJobs · · Score: 5, Interesting

    > NASA astrophysicists have discovered what they claim is something outside the observable universe exerting an effect on the observable.

    The third episode of Brian Greene's "Elegant Universe" documentary miniseries on PBS said that while matter is confined to the known dimensions, its possible that gravity isn't and so can move through dimensions. The example they feel is that we could possibly detect the gravity of 'something' in another Universe by its gravity, even though we could never actually touch it. Wonder if this is it?
    http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/elegant/

    1. Re:Gravity Leech by Hao+Wu · · Score: 1

      I always assumed that space stretches out into nothing, like an elastic getting very thin. Maybe it actually compresses into a big solid wall that contains the universe. "Anti-space" or something.

      --
      I suggest you read Slashdot
    2. Re:Gravity Leech by niktemadur · · Score: 1

      It's possible that gravity can move through dimensions.

      One weird offshoot of String Theory, having to do with Branes (short for Membranes), speculates that Gravity is so weak as compared to the other three forces (Strong, Weak and Electromagnetism) because Gravity is leaking from our Universe into other Universes via a higher dimension at quantum levels.

      A hypothetical implication of this, is that our Universe formed from the energy released by a surface clash of two Branes, and as far as I know, it's the only plausible mathematical exercise that goes all the way back to the Big Bang... and beyond! Of course, this also implies the ever-popular Multiverse (or Metaverse), where our Universe is but a bubble (Brane) in a vast ocean composed of bubbles.

      --
      Lil' Thindime, lilting a lacrimose lament, krashes the kwaint konfines of Kokonino Kounty
    3. Re:Gravity Leech by Culture20 · · Score: 1

      The example they feel is that we could possibly detect the gravity of 'something' in another Universe by its gravity

      Or something in our Universe which is - according to 3D space - in a completely different place, but exerts gravity in weird 3D locations via 11D space. Could those galaxies just be attracted to themselves in a weird 11D way? Forget Perpetual Motion; Perpetual Acceleration's where it's at!

    4. Re:Gravity Leech by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That would explain why we move sorta freely in three dimensions but are strongly sucked forward in the time dimension of the spacetime. The sort of uniformity of time would then hint that our entire universe is just a teeny particle in a larger dimensional scheme being pulled by an object several orders of magnitude larger than our own universe.

  11. In other news... by freedom_india · · Score: 5, Funny

    The Dark Matter in US is pulling a ball busting amount of money away from tax payers to Large Banks.
    In this area of Universe known as Capitol Hill and White House, the normal laws of space-time continumm is suspended so that banks which screw up your money get your money to bail out themselves.

    --
    "Doing what i can, with what i have." ~ Burt Gummer
    1. Re:In other news... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny
      From: Minister of the Treasury Paulson

      Subject: REQUEST FOR URGENT CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP

      Dear American:

      I need to ask you to support an urgent secret business relationship with a transfer of funds of great magnitude.

      I am Ministry of the Treasury of the Republic of America. My country has had crisis that has caused the need for large transfer of funds of 800 billion dollars US. If you would assist me in this transfer, it would be most profitable to you.

      I am working with Mr. Phil Gram, lobbyist for UBS, who will be my replacement as Ministry of the Treasury in January. As a Senator, you may know him as the leader of the American banking deregulation movement in the 1990s. This transactin is 100% safe.

      This is a matter of great urgency. We need a blank check.

      We need the funds as quickly as possible. We cannot directly transfer these funds in the names of our close friends because we are constantly under surveillance. My family lawyer advised me that I should look for a reliable and trustworthy person who will act as a next of kin so the funds can be transferred.

      Please reply with all of your bank account, IRA and college fund account numbers and those of your children and grandchildren to wallstreetbail...@treasury.gov so that we may transfer your commission for this transaction. After I receive that information, I will respond with detailed information about safeguards that will be used to protect the funds.

      Yours Faithfully,

      Minister of Treasury Paulson

    2. Re:In other news... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The Dark Matter in US is pulling a ball busting amount of money away from tax payers to Large Banks.
      In this area of Universe known as Capitol Hill and White House, the normal laws of space-time continumm is suspended so that banks which screw up your money get your money to bail out themselves.

      It is also worth pointing out that the Capitol Hill - White House region is the only region in the known universe that has a bigger reality distortion field than Steve Jobs.

    3. Re:In other news... by gtall · · Score: 1

      In a little known, but true addendum, Dark Energy is what happens when the Klieg lights are turned on a congress-critter. Their mouth instinctively opens and Dark Energy spews out clouding what would have been a clear path to any solution. Treasury and Fed and other administration officials are similarly affected.

      It was once thought that Dark Energy could be ignored if the Klieg lights could somehow be shut off. Alas, it is not so. We are all doomed to suffer from its influence when campaigning for the election in 2012 commences on Nov. 8, 2008.

      Gerry

    4. Re:In other news... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      All of these jokes saying the bailout is what will cost the most are all wrong. If the banks are not kept from collapsing, they will stop all loans and the economy will collapse. What the fuck is 78 billion compared to 500 billion or more losses that would happen then? Large numbers sure, but if not this then everyone faces a much much larger loss.

    5. Re:In other news... by freedom_india · · Score: 1

      78 Billion??? Where the fuck did you get that number? But before that, what were you smoking?
      Plus, for past 8 long years the Bush administration has always insisted the Government should NOT interfere in business.
      Let's continue to keep it that way, shall we?
      Your example, am sure Paulson, is to fear-monger like the way you did with Iraq and tried to do with Iran: economy will collapse...what bullshit.
      Banks are the only institutions funding the economy. Lots of non-banks do fund it: you and me for instance.
      Anyways, as a study shows, arguing with a neocon is dangerous for my heart, am resisting the temptation, plus hey, you are an anonymous coward ! If you had balls/hole, you would have posted it under a name.

      --
      "Doing what i can, with what i have." ~ Burt Gummer
    6. Re:In other news... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Although, we are trusting the fucktards that got us into this mess in the first place... with setting up the solution.

      Before you retort, consider the following:

      Community Reinvestment Act; Under this act the Fed instructs banks not to turn down loans using "outdated" modes of assessing a lending risk such as; creditworthiness(credit score), employment history, and/or income history.

      WTF did you expect to happen when the gov't tells the banks to make bad loans? At some point the market will try to distribute these loans in such a manner as to make money at it. If I were them, I would have figured into my risk calculations that Fannie and Freddie would be set to buy them. Fannie and Freddie would figure that the implicit obligation of the US taxpayer to bail them out would fix F and F's risk.

      Essentially, this is what happens when you dick with the market... somehow more apropos for the fact that Barney Frank led the charge into this mess.

    7. Re:In other news... by popo · · Score: 1

      Does this mean we can refer to our new banking oligarchs as "The Dark Flow"?

      --
      ------ The best brain training is now totally free : )
    8. Re:In other news... by sac13 · · Score: 1

      The Dark Matter in US is pulling a ball busting amount of money away from tax payers to Large Banks. In this area of Universe known as Capitol Hill and White House, the normal laws of space-time continumm is suspended so that banks which screw up your money get your money to bail out themselves.

      No. The laws still apply. This is just the American society and economy going supernova right before it collapses into a big black hole.

  12. Hmmmmm.... by paniq · · Score: 2, Funny

    I have a bad feeling about this.

    --
    Do not trust this signature.
    1. Re:Hmmmmm.... by paniq · · Score: 2, Funny

      Episode VIII: The Dark Flow

      For greater emotional effect, imagine the original post in yellow colored font, scrolling to the horizon in front of a panorama of stars. Add some John Williams fanfares while you are at it.

      --
      Do not trust this signature.
    2. Re:Hmmmmm.... by mgblst · · Score: 1

      Well, that certainly is no moon!

  13. Sensationalist Much? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Is it just me or is "dark" an over-used buzz-word in astronomy/astrophysics. 'Dark' Matter, 'Dark' Energy, 'Dark' flow. 'Dark' Star, well the last one was a Beck song.

    1. Re:Sensationalist Much? by Patrik_AKA_RedX · · Score: 1

      Fine, we'll replace 'dark' with 'mystery'. Actually Mystery Matter does have a nice ring to it.

    2. Re:Sensationalist Much? by MaxwellEdison · · Score: 2, Funny

      Won't be long until astronomers discover the Odelay Nebulae. A cluster of three that resemble a microphone and a pair of turntables. The only question is 'Where its at?'.

      --
      -=Bang Bang=-
    3. Re:Sensationalist Much? by calmofthestorm · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Dark + Science = We have no clue what's going on please fund us

      Disclosure: I'm a heavy advocate of funding the sciences and a scientist myself. But seriously guys, just admit it if you don't have a clue;)

      To put it from my freshman chem course:

      If someone talks about:
      Yuan-Teller distortion - 50% chance bullshit
      Second-Order Yuan-Teller distortion - 100% chance bullshit
      Pseudo-Second-Order Yuan-Teller distortion - You are being mocked.

      --
      93rd rule of Slashdot: No matter how obvious my sarcasm is, my comment will be taken seriously by someone.
    4. Re:Sensationalist Much? by retech · · Score: 0

      They originally were calling it Colored Matter but for some reason that got changed to Matter of Color. Now it just shows you got lab cred if you call it Dark Matter.

    5. Re:Sensationalist Much? by Lumpy · · Score: 1

      Second-Order Yuan-Teller distortion - 100% chance bullshit

      therefore it would be more like a Penn-Teller modulation then?

      --
      Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
    6. Re:Sensationalist Much? by MightyYar · · Score: 1

      Good thing it wasn't a grad course! That's Jahn-Teller, and has very little to do with the Chinese currency :)

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  14. The plot thickens by sleeponthemic · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Suddenly, the predicted "end of the universe" models look a little dusty.

    --
    I record my sleeptalking
  15. bah by buswolley · · Score: 2, Insightful
    A force you can't detect exerting force?

    The universe is mmuch more complex than the average scientist lets on.

    --

    A Good Troll is better than a Bad Human.

    1. Re:bah by MaxwellEdison · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Don't tell anyone, but when contrasting known information against an infinite cosmos...the average scientist is basically as clueless as the rest of us.

      --
      -=Bang Bang=-
    2. Re:bah by earlymon · · Score: 1, Offtopic

      Absolutely wrong. My wife has friends that are mind-numbingly clueless, right down to Nevada being part of California.

      While the jury is out on M theory, et al, and now dark flow - and while your point may have been that the unknown is so disproportionately large to that already known as to not essentially matter - you're wrong. A in philosophy, F in science.

      I sentence you to a night with my wife's friends while I escape to the local pub. I predict that upon joining me at said pub later, should you in fact retain the mental skills necessary for perambulation to thus make it as far as the pub, you will never again allow your brane to stray in such a fashion.

      (Brane isn't misspelled - it's what'll be left of your once-brain.)

      --
      Pathological kinda promises Path + Logical - but instead, you get stuck with pathetic.
    3. Re:bah by Culture20 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Absolutely wrong. [...] A in philosophy, F in science.

      And PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy. Science is examined at the philosophical level by those at the top, and they recognize that
      ( scientist~=layman <= Total Possible Knowledge )
      if they earned their Doctorates the hard way.

    4. Re:bah by earlymon · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Decades ago, university courses tying beliefs to science were given - I seem to recall one relating Zen Buddhism to physics.

      I think it's altruistic to believe that science is examined at the philosophical level by those at the top unless you could be more specific. I hobnob with a large number of Ph.D.s, majority physicists, definitely from best schools, definitely came up the hard way. Of those, and admittedly speaking from my experiences - but maintaining that is direct experience - the ones that map philosophical beliefs to science are in the minority.

      {soapbox}Extending to theosophy (adding religious beliefs to the philosophy and science soup) I personally opine that Hawking's, Galileo's, Newton's, and Einstein's formative thinking were adversely affected by philosophical contaminants. Taking the argument to the absurd to make the point (and substituting << as in much less than for your <= as in less than or equal to) relating to Total Possible Knowledge..... what scientist? what layman? computer scientist ~= astrology-or-creationist-believing layman << Total Possible Knowledge?? Yes, A << C and B << C making A and B somewhat analogous, but this doesn't make A ~= B.{/soapbox}

      I hear that there's a tombstone in Germany, and accepting this as fact, it's inscription is one of my favorites: "Now I know more than the wisest among you." This is a stunning and crystal clear truth for all things metaphysical.

      Some people want to study physics or cosmology to understand the mind of God, or the meaning of existence. I wish them best luck, as I was once one of them, and now believe that the grave will give the answer - (linear) time abides all. For that subset, you can argue your A~=B<=C case (no disrespect, but I prefer to save on typing), but you're really not arguing to cosmology.

      For those in group A that are interested in physical law for its own sake - to say that those in group A, who have worked their asses (and brains) off most all of their lives are equivalent in knowledge to those who have not, is simply not true. I'd have to allow the degrees of freedom that transmutes knowledge as wisdom or all knowledges as equivalent or transmute the properties of the equality (to political or existential equivalent or to equivalently ignorant for sufficiently large values of C (and given that C is by your definition, very significantly large)) to agree otherwise.

      Your A~=B<=C argument isn't at all new. In fact, it's very medieval. I don't much subscribe to it - just as I don't do well with angels dancing on pins, either, as it's the same discussion.

      I wasn't trolling anyone, and wasn't intending to waste bandwidth with my original post - I was just laying down a little dry humor and trying to open the door for membrane theory. If you look at the poster I'd responded to, and postulate (correctly) that I'd read his/her previous post and postulate that my reply was friendly (geez - my wife's friends are built, and there was an invitation to a pub there!) then maybe the context of what I'd written might seem different.

      However - your reply stand on its own merit, as I hope this one does for you.

      My instincts tell me that dark matter is a growth industry in physics and any truth in the matter may be long coming until the wheat is separated from the chaff. Is there a force in a true vacuum? A lot of the chaff came from Einstein's addition of a cosmological constant (added for religious/philosophical reasons - my theory says the universe is not steady state, I *know* it is steady state, I hereby add a cosmological constant to make it so) and others refuting Einstein when he said such a constant was his biggest blunder (no, Albert had the right idea, wrong constant!), sprinkle in calculation error regarding vacuum energy (i.e., dark energy), and there you are. Now comes the topic at hand, and my only point was - do we know the framework for the hypothesis in the article? Do we know the bent of those involved? Are they accepting strings as a corollary to membrane collision and positing spacetime laws in that regard?

      I'd like to know more. For all effects and purposes, I'm as clueless as a lay, man.

      --
      Pathological kinda promises Path + Logical - but instead, you get stuck with pathetic.
    5. Re:bah by MaxwellEdison · · Score: 1

      Well whomever modded you I took no offense. Always thought it was pointless to get mad over the internet. Also, I am not an astrophysicist, and contrary to my nickname here I am not a medicine major. I hold no more degrees than those necessary for my position as a CAD designer.

      That being said, I still stick by my original statement. It is not meant to be taken as A~=B<=C, but as A/C~=B/C where C equals infinity. I'm not saying that the research is pointless, but if the universe is neverending, then so too must be that research. Is that more philosophical than scientific? Probably, but I work with the tools I have. While I may not have the necessary education to glean the deepest meaning from the research, all it takes is conscious thought to consider the balance of hubris and humility.

      But hey, if I really knew what I was talking about it would be my papers being discussed. I'll be content with my comments (however ignorant or erroneous they may be) sparking some lively discourse.

      --
      -=Bang Bang=-
    6. Re:bah by earlymon · · Score: 1

      At no time did I find your remark ignorant.

      Years ago, I read something about the Theory of Everything that rattled me, and it took me a long time to accept the fullness of it. What was said was that if we ever find the correct Theory of Everything, it won't mean that we're done - it might mean, AT BEST, that we are poised to be begin asking the right questions.

      I don't recall who specifically said it - someone of Steven Weinberg's stature, if not Weinberg himself.

      That puts the statement - by whomever it was, it was someone very smart and respectable (way more of both than me!!) - squarely in 100% accordance with what you said.

      I guess that I thought that your statement was sufficiently right-on as to be pretty insightful, but given that I felt that we were in the same boat in REALLY understanding things, compared to Weinbergs, Epsteins, and Einsteins of world - and given my usual walk that for any valid point, there's a valid counterpoint - I decided that a little tongue-in-cheek levity with a counterpoint might also further the discourse. Or something.

      So while me saying "absolutely wrong" and handing out Fs in science is, by lexical definition, statements of your erroneousness, there's also this thing where sometimes, words have two meanings, and no erroneousness should be read or implied.

      Proof: Clearly by my own words, I live with a woman with some bimbo friends and am obviously enough OK with that to have married her. Further evidence suggests that I drink to the point of offering to buy rounds for a stranger. If this somehow adds up to a normal profile for someone really qualified to hand out As or Fs in advanced cosmology, and that someone is me, then I'm being confused with Buckaroo Banzai - which, now that I think of it, I'm all for!!!

      (Disclaimer: Offer not valid in Maryland. I could turn out to be right, you could actually be in error. Judges decisions are final. Or not. Buckaroo Banzai is in fact a non-fictional character, is presently in hiding, it's actually me, and I was hiding this even from myself. Or not.)

      (Actually, I do have at least one Ph.D. friend who has in fact handed out As and Fs in graduate physics, does in fact consort with bimbos and does in fact drink heavily. However, there remains a critical difference to the model put forth here - good luck trying to get him to buy a round, especially for any sort of stranger. In fact, now that I think of it, he's actually consorting with my bimbos - derivative bimbos, now that I think of it! I'm glad in advance to have cleared this up for you.)

      --
      Pathological kinda promises Path + Logical - but instead, you get stuck with pathetic.
    7. Re:bah by buswolley · · Score: 1

      Either this conversation is light-years ahead of me, or you are mad sir. Mad.

      --

      A Good Troll is better than a Bad Human.

    8. Re:bah by earlymon · · Score: 1

      Odd than the two are expressed as mutually exclusive. Supposing for a moment that they are, as you suggest, would seem to imply that if I am mad, it would be impossible for the conversation to be light-years ahead, but more likely light-years oblique - contrarily, if the conversation is light-years ahead of you (and you're sane enough to recognize it as such) then madness on my part is most likely ruled flat out. The exclusion is therefore highly suggested by its internal symmetry. But as the great barrister, Sir Wilfrid Robarts, points out, such symmetry is to be suspected, leading to the my observation about your observation's exclusivity.

      It is more fitting, and most definitely more tempting, to suggest that perhaps the two share complimentarity, as this shrouds me in a mantle of god-protected madness, which while in itself is pretty egotistical, I'm OK with, but would also require that I'm willing to classify my part in a conversation as light-years ahead of someone with enough common sense to see that I am, in fact, mad, and clearly that is too egotistical by half, even for me (which would not be the case if I were truly mad, therefore said state cannot be true, but then leaving the admission that the obverse is true, i.e., the conversation is light-years ahead of you, which clearly contradicts the going-in position to target a purer ego).

      Yep. You've got a problem there. Well, I've done what I can to help.

      --
      Pathological kinda promises Path + Logical - but instead, you get stuck with pathetic.
  16. Entropy by MichaelSmith · · Score: 1

    Maybe that part of the universe just has accumulated a lot of entropy. Lots of mass, not much in the way of energetic matter.

  17. ermmm... by dexmachina · · Score: 4, Interesting

    The speed of light is also the maximum speed of causation...if these "super structures" are outside the observable universe, how in the hell are they affecting anything within the observable universe? If they can exert causal influence on these galaxies, and the light from these galaxies has time to reach us... I could be wrong but I feel like someone, somewhere, is seriously contradicting themselves. Maybe those string theorists can tell us if its possible there's cosmic string tied between the galaxies and a giant tug boat in hyperspace...

    1. Re:ermmm... by DerWulf · · Score: 1

      Well, the space between universes or branes or whatever might not be very large or not subject to our puny laws ...

      --

      ___
      No power in the 'verse can stop me
    2. Re:ermmm... by TheLink · · Score: 4, Insightful

      You can't see ships past the YOUR horizon, but those ships could certainly see other ships that you can't see that are beyond YOUR horizon, but not theirs.

      --
    3. Re:ermmm... by dexmachina · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Yes I know, but we can see the galaxies travelling under the effect of this supposed dark flow. If we can see the galaxies being affected by these superstructures, then the light travelling to us from the galaxies which we now see left after the causal influence reached them, which means the causal influence had time to reach /us/. Which means the super structures aren't in the unobservable universe...

    4. Re:ermmm... by mcrbids · · Score: 3, Informative

      Yes but by the time those other ships were able to report to you the ships that they see that you can't, you can see those other ships, too.

      --
      I have no problem with your religion until you decide it's reason to deprive others of the truth.
    5. Re:ermmm... by aussie_a · · Score: 2, Interesting

      My understanding (and I'm most likely 100% wrong) is that imagine the Big Bang didn't create everything in the universe. Instead it just created everything we can see. There exists stuff beyond our eyesight that's existed since before the big bang. We can't see it because light from stars has yet to travel to it, bounce off it and then travel back to us.

      Like everything else in the universe, this invisible matter could still have mass which exerts a force much like stuff does within the visible universe.

      Why have we never seen it then? Well perhaps as everything in the visible universe expands, it also pushes back the stuff outside the visible universe.

      We can know one thing about this stuff though. It doesn't contain any stars for the simple reason that we would have seen the light travel from it.

      NOW this answers a question I've had for a very long time, which is "why did the big bang happen?" which would be "because the matter in the universe formed together tight enough and in such a way as to create the big bang" which means there could have been other big bangs in the universe which means we might one day (millenia from now) see light from another big bang.

      However it does raise yet another question "what created all the stuff that exists outside the visible universe?" and before someone says god I then ask "What created god?"

    6. Re:ermmm... by IHateEverybody · · Score: 1

      Going with the ships over the horizon example suppose you have two ships, Ship A and Ship B. The two ships can see each other and you can see Ship A. But Ship B is over the horizon and you don't know that it exists. Now suppose that Ship B fires a cannon ball at Ship A. Ship A takes evasive action and returns fire. Now you can see Ship A moving erratically and firing its cannons and can posit that it must be in battle with an unseen opponent.

      Have you magically developed super vision which allows you to see beyond the Earth's horizon? No, you merely made a logical conclusion based on your observations. And this is what we are talking about here. Not FTL, just a clever way to infer the structure of the universe by measuring the effects of the gravity of clusters of galaxies that we can't see on the parts of the universe that we can see.

      --
      Does this .sig make my butt look big?
    7. Re:ermmm... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      Well, that question seems unanswerable if you are unable to accept 'God' for example. (Note that I am mentioning 'God' here, not any specific ones. Different people have their own beliefs regarding the specifics of 'God' and I don't want to end up in some religion vs religion argument)

      Basically if I accept 'God', then I would also accept that perhaps that God can't be fully understood with our model of science.

      Perhaps God created us with a box around us. Everything we know, can know and will know in the future exists within this box. Of course, this raises the question where, if God is outside the box, then how is it that we know about him?

      I really don't know how to answer that question. I have not thought about it very much.

      But if I were to reject the notion of 'God'. Then it also becomes a case of 'turtles all the way down'.

      It becomes a question of 'who created matter (and anti-matter) ?' . Even if we are able to answer the question, like perhaps 'Due to conditions of X, matter and anti-matter was created', then the question becomes 'so how did condition X happen?'

      Basically you can't really answer anything because if we were to take the position that everything has to be created by something else, then nothing can be created.

      If everything has to be created by something else, then the creator of the created needs a creator as well. That's where you get into 'Turtles all the way down'.

    8. Re:ermmm... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Maybe this is the remnant of interaction during ("around") inflation time, so the mysterious structure was pulled out of observable range in the meantime (it happens even with the normally expanding universe..). They see the velocity of the cluster, not acceleration though, meaning that at the time we see it, the acceleration of it could only be caused by the part of huge structure that is actually visible to us (and therefore we could see only this tiny part of the structure).

      Or, OTOH, could it be possible that gravity field (or space distortion, whatever it is) propagates FTL (or even instantly)? I guess this is unlikely...

      Anyway, I don't see a reason why universe shouldn't have structures bigger than giant clusters, also as a fluctuation after a big bang. In fact I don't see a limit here.

    9. Re:ermmm... by DynaSoar · · Score: 0

      The speed of light is also the maximum speed of causation...if these "super structures" are outside the observable universe, how in the hell are they affecting anything within the observable universe?

      The speed of gravity waves is theorized to be the same as the speed of light. However the effect of gravity is not necessarily constrained http://metaresearch.org/cosmology/speed_of_gravity.asp . Gravitational effects that originate in some far off elseplace may affect the observable instantly. We accept such an instantaneous effect with quantum entanglement, one violation of Bell's Theorem. If gravity is a quantum force http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_gravity it may well be subject to the same "spooky action at a distance" that works on things like particle spin and wave polarization. Or it may be instantaneous for reasons far more fundamental and interesting than what we see happen to particles and waves existing within our universe, as it might be an effect on the universe itself rather than an effect seen within it.

      --
      "I may be synthetic, but I'm not stupid." -- Bishop 341-B
    10. Re:ermmm... by ByteSlicer · · Score: 5, Informative

      At cosmological scales, metric expansion of space becomes very important. Light that left 13.7 billion years ago will actually travel 47 billion lightyears because of metric expansion. Since metric expansion implies space-time is curved (at cosmological scales, locally it is flat, like the earth is flat locally), general relativity comes into play. This means the normal causality described by special relativity is no longer applicable.

      Imagine points A-B-C to be gravitationally bound. Because of metric expansion, space between A-B and B-C expands. This can cause A to move away from C at larger than lightspeed. Since space between B-C only expanded half of A--C, B will be withing light distance from C and thus visible by observers on C. Light from A can reach B, but it will never reach C. By the time it would, space between B and C will have expanded so much that observers from C will no longer see B.

    11. Re:ermmm... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You can't see ships past the YOUR horizon, but those ships could certainly see other ships that you can't see that are beyond YOUR horizon, but not theirs.

      No!

      If there were a large mass past this cluster of galaxies, for us to see its effect on the cluster the large mass would have to also be within our horizon.

      I know it's early, but come on, people. THINK!

    12. Re:ermmm... by Headw1nd · · Score: 3, Insightful

      This is why examples fail. There is no physical "horizon" like there would be on earth, the only "horizon" is time and the speed of light. To try to repair the ships example, the horizon would be expanding away at cannonball speed, thus when you see the first ship hit by a cannonball, you should logically bee able to see the ship that fired it at the same time, if not earlier. Thus if you see a ship hit by a cannonball, and don't see the ship that fired it, you might assume that the cannonball somehow travelled above cannonball speed. Or not, since this example isn't complete: The ocean is also expanding between you and the ships, and betwen the two other ships. To summerize, the naval analogy isn't really optimal for this problem.

    13. Re:ermmm... by Crookdotter · · Score: 1

      I agree. If we analysed the flow we could gain information about the unobservable universe, which means that information has travelled faster than light, which is impossible.

      to see the effect, it must be from the observable universe. have I missed something as this seems simple to understand?

    14. Re:ermmm... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Imagine you are a creature in a 2-dimensional universe.

      Picture your desk as this universe, and a sheet of paper moving around, which is you.

      Now take an object from a 3-dimensional universe, for example a bottle or glass.

      Place it on the table, your universe, and bump the paper into it. Clearly the paper can "see" the bottle up to some extent, but cannot observe the full object.

      I think somewhat similar things are happening, but completely outside of what we call the observable universe. Perhaps creatures exist with a broader definition of the "observable universe".

    15. Re:ermmm... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Yep you're right, but *I think* they're talking about a different horizon to the one you're thinking of (the summary doesn't make this clear).

      The furthest back we can see is the CMBR, due to the Universe being opaque any earlier on. This opacity creates a horizon at a slightly shorter distance than the horizon you would get due to the fact that light/changes in gravity fields propagate at c.

      The abstract (linked below) mentions that they suspect it is gravitational influences from beyond the CMBR barrier (but before the speed of light barrier) that is producing the effect:

      "... and may be indicative of the tilt exerted across the entire current horizon by far-away pre-inflationary inhomogeneities." ... at least that's how I translate the above.

    16. Re:ermmm... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not necessarily. Imagine the observable universe is a small ballon, inside a larger balloon, both expanding simultaneously. Billions of years ago these balloons, the observable universe and the unobservable universe around it, would be much smaller than now. The effects that structures in the unobservable universe had on structures in the observable universe billions of years ago, might now be visible in our part of the universe.

    17. Re:ermmm... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is why examples fail. There is no physical "horizon" like there would be on earth, the only "horizon" is time and the speed of light.

      I might have missed something, but where was it proven that the universe is flat, and/or that light travels always in the same direction that gravity exerts?

    18. Re:ermmm... by ryanvm · · Score: 1

      Damn - your first post blew my mind, but this one REALLY blows my mind.

    19. Re:ermmm... by AngelofDeath-02 · · Score: 1

      I wish I could explain things this concisely...

      --
      No, I am not an English major. My posts are subject to typos and incorrect grammar. Do not expect perfection.
    20. Re:ermmm... by Ann+Coulter · · Score: 1

      Can you please elaborate on your criticism? Are you saying that anything outside the observable universe must be more distant from us than anything that is inside the observable universe? Are you saying that light is necessary for causation? Again, please elaborate.

    21. Re:ermmm... by Colonel+Korn · · Score: 1

      Dex and Head1nd are correct. I suspect that the reason the linked article isn't very interesting is that it doesn't bring up Dexmachina's point, which is the reason this is spookily cool, and which is probably in the academic paper.

      --
      "I zero-index my hamsters" - Willtor (147206)
    22. Re:ermmm... by sanosuke001 · · Score: 1

      Your ship analogy is a bit flawed. No, you can't see the second set of ships because they're below the horizon. If the world were flat, you could.

      Lets say you see your pal out there. Your pal then sees something even further out. At that moment, the light from that object is at your pal, moving at c toward you. He sends a message, also at c. Since their starting points were the same (barring any really odd relativity movement) then both the message and the object's light would reach you at the same time. (well, you'd probably see the object first because it would take time for your friend to think of a message to say, turn on the signaling lamp etc but you get the point)

      So, if something has been able to affect something we can see, which the effects can only move as fast as light, then we should be able to see what is causing the effect since the light from the affecting body gets to the effected body at the same time as the effects are seen by us. Since they both move at a constant c, then voila! (seriously, affect and effect... I must have fucked that up somewhere in that paragraph...)

      --
      -SaNo
    23. Re:ermmm... by zehaeva · · Score: 1

      your assuming that ship B started within the observable horizon, if ship B started outside and has always been outside the observable horizon then the navel analogy fits fine.

    24. Re:ermmm... by rho180 · · Score: 1

      I think the problem with this analogy is that you assume that you can see Ship A take evasive action immediately. For the analogy to hold up, the fastest way for you to find out that Ship A took evasive action is for someone on Ship A to attach a message to a cannonball and then fire it to you. So, on the one hand, the universe hasn't existed long enough for a cannonball fired from Ship B to reach you, the observer. Yet it has existed long enough for a cannonball from Ship B to reach Ship A, and then from Ship A to you?

    25. Re:ermmm... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The speed of light is also the maximum speed of causation...

      This statement assumes that there is only one universe and is not proven to be correct for communication between universes.
      It should be refined as "Within our universe, the speed of light is also the maximum speed of causation..."

      - Peder

    26. Re:ermmm... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The "speed of light" is just a name for the universal constant "c". It doesn't mean that anything that is limited by "c" must be using light.

    27. Re:ermmm... by asg1 · · Score: 1

      I think my mind just exploded... Damn you physics!

    28. Re:ermmm... by PvtVoid · · Score: 1

      The speed of light is also the maximum speed of causation...if these "super structures" are outside the observable universe, how in the hell are they affecting anything within the observable universe? If they can exert causal influence on these galaxies, and the light from these galaxies has time to reach us... I could be wrong but I feel like someone, somewhere, is seriously contradicting themselves.

      It's not a sharp cutoff. If there is a structure in the universe larger than our horizon, and we are only seeing part of that structure, it would appear to us to be a gradient (a "dipole") extending across our entire observable universe. The signature of this would be that everything we observe appears to all be flowing in one direction relative to the Cosmic Microwave Background. This is what these folks are claiming to have observed, and at very high statistical significance.

      The tie-in to inflation is that, if this observation is correct, it might be an indication that the bubble of spacetime which expanded during inflation didn't end up getting much bigger than the current size of our observable universe, and that just outside what we can see of the cosmos is quantum-gravitational chaos, very different from the nice, homogeneous and isotropic universe inside the bubble.

    29. Re:ermmm... by maraist · · Score: 1

      Light isn't a cannon ball. It's a wave that easily disperses as it comes in contact with matter/gravity. i.e. even a finely focused laser will scatter in ALL available directions as it passes through cosmic dust.

      Thus, no matter how curved your horizon is, if there are connecting points between any two regions - no matter how far apart - then their interaction will warp light and other radiating forces such that at least some percentage WILL point back to you - the observer.

      So if I can see Point A, and Point A can see Point B, then unless Point A 100% obscures point B, then I'll eventually be able to see direct evidence of Point B. The fact that we observe perturbations of Point A that can be explained by the possible existence of Point B yet can not see Point B is a serious anomaly.

      --
      -Michael
    30. Re:ermmm... by dexmachina · · Score: 1

      Light isn't necessary for causation, however the speed of the light acts as an upper limit for everything. Special relativity gives us something called the Lorentz transformations, and fiddling around with them you can see that if it were possible for anything, be it matter, energy, information, whatever, to travel faster than light speed than...basically bad, screwy things happen and the math doesn't make sense any more.

    31. Re:ermmm... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      no...google retro-causation - there are experiements which are not light speed limited but do show testable effects.

    32. Re:ermmm... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I can think of two possibilities, but don't have the physics to say which (if either!) are true.

      First, inflation is theorised to have happened (in practice) faster than the speed of light. So, at some point in the past, the galaxies we now see (though they wouldn't have been galaxies at the time, just the matter that would later form them), were influenced by the Big Thing, when it was within range. Inflation then moves it beyond their horizon, but they keep the drift which we can observe today.

      The other is that the universe is still expanding. So, the Big Thing could again move out of range (of either them or us), in a more normal fashion. Basically the same as above, but could happen much later, and would I suppose mean the Big Thing wouldn't have to be so big, nor would it be so far away now.

    33. Re:ermmm... by Randym · · Score: 2, Informative
      The speed of light is also the maximum speed of causation...if these "super structures" are outside the observable universe, how in the hell are they affecting anything within the observable universe? If they can exert causal influence on these galaxies, and the light from these galaxies has time to reach us... I could be wrong but I feel like someone, somewhere, is seriously contradicting themselves.

      Think of it like this: they *expect* to see a certain red-shift from something at 6 billion light-years: it is moving away from us, and the radiation that we receive from it is "red-shifted" by a well-known amount. What they are apparently seeing is *more red-shift than they expect* and the vector of this extra red-shift points toward a certain section of space. Thus, they are deducing that "something out there" is *pulling* that group of galaxies, and the only force (that we currently know of) that operates at that scale is gravity.

      Scientists are looking out past that group of galaxies at 6 billion light-years to *as far as they can see* (13.7 billion light-years), but they are not finding enough *matter* there to account for the gravitational action of this cluster of galaxies at 6 billion light-years. So whatever is pulling the galaxies is *beyond* 13.7 light-years.

      The problem is that we have assumed -- until now -- that *everything in the universe* is within our little bubble with a radius of 13.7 billion light-years. Now, apparently, we've discovered that *this is not the case*. Something ... else ... is out there.

      --
      DNA is a Turing machine. You, however, being dynamic and emergent, are not.
  18. Newbie question by swehack · · Score: 1

    now i don't know much of anything about astrophysics but i love reading about it and it's my understanding that if these massive objects outside of our universe was causing the gravitational pull that is expanding the bodies in our universe, wouldn't that mean that different parts of the universe would expand at various speeds depending on the size of the massive object outside of our universe? i'm just imagining it all as a bubble in my head so i'm sure my image if flawed

    1. Re:Newbie question by aussie_a · · Score: 1

      From my understanding (from 6 years ago in high school phyics) the shape of the visible universe isn't a bubble but instead the shape of something else. I think it was the shape of two circular spheres with a thin strip connecting them.

      This dark flow could explain why the universe isn't expanding in a sphere when so much in the universe (planets, stars, bubbles) do seem to naturally fall into spherical shapes.

  19. William James Sidis by solferino · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Reminds me of some writing by William James Sidis, published in 1925.

    Our previous consideration on the production of radiant energy from the stars indicates that such production of radiant energy is only possible where the second law of thermodynamics is followed, that is, in a positive section of the universe. In a negative section of the universe the reverse process must take place; namely, space is full of radiant energy, presumably produced in the positive section of space, and the stars use this radiant energy to build up a higher level of heat. All radiant energy in that section of space would tend to be absorbed by the stars, which would thus constitute perfectly black bodies; and very little radiant energy would be produced in that section of space, but would mostly come from beyond the boundary surface. What little radiant energy would be produced in the negative section of space would be pseudo-teleologically directed only towards stars which have enough activity to absorb it, and no radiant energy, or almost none, would actually leave the negative section of space. The peculiarity of the boundary surface between the positive and negative sections of space, then, is, that practically all light that crosses it, crosses it in one direction, namely, from the positive side to the negative side. If we were on the positive side, as seems to be the case, then we could not see beyond such surface, though we might easily have gravitational or other evidence of bodies existing beyond that surface.

    Furthermore, just as in the positive section of space, light is given out uniformly in all directions, so, in the negative section, light must be absorbed by a star equally from all directions. Thus, to any star in the negative section, light must come in about the same amount from all directions; and, since most of this light comes from the positive sections, it follows that the negative sections must be completely surrounded by positive sections and must therefore be finite in all directions. By reversing this (since we have seen that all physical laws are reversible), it follows that any positive section must also be finite in all directions, and be completely surrounded by negative sections. We thus find the universe to be made up of a number of what we may call bricks, alternately positive and negative, all of approximately the same volume; a sort of three-dimensional checkerboard, the positive spaces counting as white (giving out light), and the negative spaces as black (absorbing light).

    Thus what we see is simply the white space that we are in. The surrounding black spaces are invisible, and in addition, absorb the light from the white spaces beyond, so that even those cannot be seen, and, if we judge from the distribution of light in the sky, we get an idea merely of the size and shape of our special white space.

    William James Sidis, The Animate and the Inanimate

    1. Re:William James Sidis by Undead+NDR · · Score: 1

      The peculiarity of the boundary surface between the positive and negative sections of space, then, is, that practically all light that crosses it, crosses it in one direction, namely, from the positive side to the negative side.

      Sounds very much like a battery.

    2. Re:William James Sidis by l0cust · · Score: 1

      Interesting comment. Can you imagine the scale of the machinery this battery is supposed to be powering? The type of sentience which can devise and use such humongous structures must be beyond anything which a puny little human mind can comprehend. Ok, I should stop reading science fiction for some time I guess.. but I love how such discoveries act as a um kind of aphrodisiac for human imagination.

      --
      Politicians and Pedophiles: Two groups of exploitive bastards who are most dangerous when they're thinking of children.
    3. Re:William James Sidis by Kaki+Nix+Sain · · Score: 1

      Can you imagine the scale of the machinery this battery is supposed to be powering?

      Something like this?

      --

      (C) Kaki Sain, 2011. By reading this, you have illegally copied my property to your brain.

    4. Re:William James Sidis by l0cust · · Score: 1

      That was great! Thanks for the link :)

      --
      Politicians and Pedophiles: Two groups of exploitive bastards who are most dangerous when they're thinking of children.
  20. Preprint Versions of the Papers by Jazzer_Techie · · Score: 4, Informative

    There are preprints of the two relevant papers on astro-ph.

    More general version (ApJL)
    http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0809.3734

    More technical version (ApJ)
    http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0809.3733

    1. Re:Preprint Versions of the Papers by IHateEverybody · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Either I'm confused or the write up and author of the space.com article are just confusing. Granted, I'm not a physicist but it seems to me that the papers are saying something very different from the write up and the article say. Instead of some mysterious new force from outside the universe, the two papers are based on an analysis of the Cold Dark Matter theory which has been around for some time.

      The article is also confusing when it talks about the "known universe." The Inflationary Theory of the origin of the universe says that early on in its existence, the universe underwent a drastically fast expansion. When physicists talk about the "observable universe," they are referring to the idea that Inflation caused parts of the universe to expand so rapidly that their light cannot reach us in the age of the universe. Now those regions are still part of our universe, we just can't see them because they are "over the horizon" so to speak like a ship on the ocean which disappears from view once it gets so far away from shore that the Earth curves away from our field of vision.

      In fact this last point appears to be the most interesting part of the papers if I understand them correctly. The papers suggest that it is possible to peak over the horizon and get an idea of what the universe looks like beyond the limits of what we can see with our telescopes. Like the mast of a ship peaking out from the edge of the horizon, clusters of galaxies that we could not see otherwise can be detected by carefully measuring the effects of their gravity on regions of the universe that we can see.

      --
      Does this .sig make my butt look big?
    2. Re:Preprint Versions of the Papers by Ambitwistor · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Instead of some mysterious new force from outside the universe, the two papers are based on an analysis of the Cold Dark Matter theory which has been around for some time.

      Read the papers again. The first paper doesn't mention dark matter at all: it's talking about "pre-inflationary remnants" outside our cosmological horizon (observable universe). The second paper is talking about the same thing, although it does mention dark matter (to note that other than the peculiar flow, the matter behaves according to the CDM model).

      Your description of the observable universe is right, but I don't think it conflicts with what the article says. You're also right about the last point: the authors are hoping that matter outside the other side of the observable universe has left its gravitational imprint on matter near the boundary.

    3. Re:Preprint Versions of the Papers by WhatsAProGingrass · · Score: 1

      If the universe expanded at the speed of light, but expanding like a bubble in all directions. If one object is moving away from the middle eastward and the other is moving westward...then would they be moving apart at twice the speed of light? I always wondered this. So it would be possible that we can't see beyond where light has reached because of this.

      --
      Mark
  21. Gravity by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

    Excuse my ignorance but isn't the speed of gravity about the same as the speed of light?

    They claim they can't "see" whats causing this because light from there hasn't reached us yet, yet the gravity waves from the "dark object" have reached the region of space where this "dark flow" is. So can't they calculate when we should be seeing the first light from that "dark object"?

    If it even emits light... IMO it seems to be a farflung theory, still intresting though.

    1. Re:Gravity by aussie_a · · Score: 1

      Couldn't the expansion of the visible universe be pushing back the "dark flow"?

    2. Re:Gravity by dimeglio · · Score: 1

      I am not a physicist but I was wondering about the velocity of these galaxies and the E=MC2 formula. From TFA:

      "They discovered that the clusters were moving nearly 2 million mph (3.2 million kph) toward a region in the sky between the constellations of Centaurus and Vela. This motion is different from the outward expansion of the universe (which is accelerated by the force called dark energy)."

      That's a fraction of the speed of light but all that mass moving at that speed would definitively exert an exponential pull on each other since the mass of these objects increases as you approach the speed of light. Add a few million galaxies within a tight space, all moving at that speed (and accelerating), would possibly look like something else is pulling them. Especially if there is a supermassive black hole around there.

      Gravity is not that strong a force I know but over billions of years, it might start to have some effect.

      --
      Views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the author.
    3. Re:Gravity by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      The speed of gravity is the speed of light. But the point is that matter outside the observable universe can't influence us, but it can potentially influence things farther away from us. In inflationary theory, matter that we could once see could have expanded so fast that we can't see it any more, but other things we can see might have remained longer within its realm of influence. We might be able to see the after-effects in the early universe (even though the very distant matter might by now have passed beyond the direct influence of even distant objects we can see).

    4. Re:Gravity by Crookdotter · · Score: 1

      You're missing the point. If WE see the effects here, then any effect has also had enough time and velocity to ALSO reach us, because seeing the galaxies moving IS an effect. You're thinking that the universe is instantaneous. Yes, matter from outside the observable universe may be effecting matter elsewhere, but it's not within our observable universe. It can't be. We can't see a 'knock on' effect of gravity that is travelling faster than light.

      This seems to be a simple point that many are not understanding in this thread.

    5. Re:Gravity by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      No, you're missing the point. In an inflationary universe, two points that once could causally influence each other can inflate so that they never again can do so. In the early universe, we could have seen what it was that affected those distant galaxies. Now we can't. That's the whole point of inflationary theory, that there were huge parts of the universe which once were in causal contact with us but now aren't. Whatever was out there isn't still affecting those galaxies; if it was, you might have a point.

    6. Re:Gravity by Crookdotter · · Score: 1

      I think you are still wrong. Inflation happened very early on in the universe - between 1x10-36 seconds and 1x10-32 seconds, which is a very, very short time span. There were no galaxies present to influence at that time. No atoms of any sort as well.

      The point of inflationary theory is not that there were huge parts of the universe causally connected. After inflation, the universe was only still about the size of a grapefruit.

    7. Re:Gravity by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      I think you are still wrong. Inflation happened very early on in the universe - between 1x10-36 seconds and 1x10-32 seconds, which is a very, very short time span. There were no galaxies present to influence at that time. No atoms of any sort as well.

      Yes, that's what the authors here are proposing. Differential inflation introduced relative velocities between the particles in the very early universe, which later in turn seeded the primordial density perturbations that formed galaxies. Go read their paper. They state that their theory is about the influence of pre-inflationary inhomogeneities on the motion of current matter. The "dark flow" occurs prior to and during inflation, and persists to this day.

      In an earlier paper, the lead author states this more explicitly: "In this scenario, the observed Universe (roughly, the present Hubble volume) represents part of a homogeneous inflated region embedded in an inhomogeneous space-time. On scales beyond the size of this homogeneous patch, the initially inhomogeneous distribution of energy-momentum that existed prior to inflation is preserved, the scale of the inhomogeneities merely being stretched by the expansion".

      The point of inflationary theory is not that there were huge parts of the universe causally connected.

      Yes, that is the point of inflationary theory (or rather, one of the points): to solve the horizon problem (why was the early universe so uniform on super-horizon scales)? Inflation's answer: because opposite ends of the universe, although they cannot now interact with each other directly, were once in close causal contact. Guth's book is a nice history of this idea. (His original motivation was to solve the monopole problem, but he quickly realized it also solved the horizon, homogeneity, and flatness problems.)

    8. Re:Gravity by Crookdotter · · Score: 1

      Ahh, if it's pre-inflationary then that solves the FTL implication, as inflation was FTL. I think we then need a new definition of observable universe if we can now determine information this way.

      I'll find time to read the article sometime....

      That was my only sticking point - it seemed like people were suggesting that large scale structures were influencing far away galaxies, not pre-inflation structure being carried over to the modern universe. Thanks for persisting.

    9. Re:Gravity by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      The "observable universe" is everything we can see right now. The key point is, depending on how the universe expands, something that is now part of the observable universe may not have been so in the past, and may not be so in the future. (Similarly, something that was not once part of the observable universe could be so today.) What is "observable" depends on whether light can reach us at a given time, and that depends on what the geometry of space itself does. There is a nice paper which discusses various misconceptions about "the observable universe", particularly as it pertains to FTL expansion, although it's aimed at a physicist audience. I don't think it addresses this particular point, but it may still be worth reading.

  22. weird news = good news by ArcSecond · · Score: 1

    This is the kind of thing that makes me love cosmology. I am really looking forward to the stuff that is going to come out one we have more gravitational observatories online, so we can see both really deep into the universe and also see structures that might otherwise be invisible.
    As opposed to things like the LHC (which is cool, granted), where the best you can hope for is that it finds something different than what they expect by Standard Theory, the field of astrophysics is almost scary in the weirdness that seems to be just around the corner.

    --

    I've got a bad attitude and karma to burn. Go ahead. Mod me down.

  23. Maybe it's just a really big moon... by Arthur+Grumbine · · Score: 1

    3, 2, 1...

    --
    Now that I think about it, I'm pretty sure everything I just said is completely wrong.
  24. It's Obvious by LandDolphin · · Score: 4, Funny

    It's God

    --
    Spelling and Grammar errors have been added to this post for your enjoyment
    1. Re:It's Obvious by Basehart · · Score: 1

      Maybe our universe is slowly making its way through god's intestines, only to end up in a vast heavenly toilet bowl one day.

      Yawn...on that note I'm off to bed.

    2. Re:It's Obvious by Zoolander · · Score: 1

      There's a Uranus joke in there somewhere, but I can't be bothered...

      --
      Meep.
    3. Re:It's Obvious by steelfood · · Score: 1

      It's Steve Job's Reality Distortion Field (TM) hiding itself from prying eyes.

      --
      "If a nation expects to be ignorant and free in a state of civilization, it expects what never was and never will be."
  25. Beyond the universe? It... by alienzed · · Score: 1

    must be the beast with a billion backs...

    --
    Never say never. Ah!! I did it again!
  26. I've read this way back in college... by PDAMedic · · Score: 1

    Perhaps the very act of observation changes the result of observation.

  27. Wow, lets just add another hypothical entity by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    What NASA really meant to say was, "Shit, we just found something else that does not fit our current model of the universe. Lets just make some stuff up and call it a new discovery"

    Maybe this time people will wake up.....probably not.

    http://bigbangneverhappened.org/

    1. Re:Wow, lets just add another hypothical entity by calmofthestorm · · Score: 1

      Promote space research, privatize NASA.

      Seriously guys, the place is a red-taped bureaucracy waste. They're too busy running background checks on people in non-sensitive jobs to do research.

      --
      93rd rule of Slashdot: No matter how obvious my sarcasm is, my comment will be taken seriously by someone.
    2. Re:Wow, lets just add another hypothical entity by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You know, first I thought that that whole 'big bang never happened' idea was ridiculous.

      I have to admit that at that time I had not really looked into things. Then I stumbled upon the Electric Universe / Plasma Cosmology approach and I must say that I find it very intriguing:

      Electric Universe Predictions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRrAswC4CYo

      News:
      http://www.holoscience.com/news.php

      Interview The Electric Universe Part 1:
      http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iasEwhBHyyU

      Interview The Electric Sky: Donald E. Scott Part 1:
      http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRqNdpKxq_0

      Perhaps it's time to give some more time to these ideas that were founded by people like Nobel prize winner Hannes Alfven.

      http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1970/alfven-bio.html

    3. Re:Wow, lets just add another hypothical entity by Slashcrap · · Score: 4, Funny

      Seriously guys, the place is a red-taped bureaucracy waste. They're too busy running background checks on people in non-sensitive jobs to do research.

      This just screams, "I got fired from my NASA cleaning job for using meth".

    4. Re:Wow, lets just add another hypothical entity by Slashcrap · · Score: 1

      Then I stumbled upon the Electric Universe / Plasma Cosmology approach and I must say that I find it very intriguing:

      That's all very interesting, but have you heard about colloidal silver? And what about chemtrails? Surely they are more important than the big bang conspiracy?

      Google Ron Paul.

    5. Re:Wow, lets just add another hypothical entity by calmofthestorm · · Score: 1

      lol they never found anything on me. All it would take is three moving violation tickets in 6 months. I left because my fellowship was ok, but I saw the crap the full-time employees had to put up with.

      I'm also not that interested in space research. Rather, I want it done, and don't care if it's me or some other guy. If I were into it more NASA would be worth it.

      I'll say one thing for NASA though, they sure pay well. I didn't talk to a single scientist, engineer, or technologist who felt underpaid (and yes I did ask). And the internship was a wad of cash too:-)

      --
      93rd rule of Slashdot: No matter how obvious my sarcasm is, my comment will be taken seriously by someone.
  28. Great Attractor by little1973 · · Score: 1

    The Great Attractor is another mistery. Entire galaxies are pulled toward it where there is nothing just empty space.

    --
    Government cannot make man richer, but it can make him poorer. - Ludwig von Mises
    1. Re:Great Attractor by severn2j · · Score: 1

      Maybe this is Bolders Jewelrey Box?

    2. Re:Great Attractor by dido · · Score: 1

      The Wikipedia article you linked to actually doesn't say it's empty space. It says that the Attractor just happens to be in the zone of avoidance, the region where interstellar dust and stars from our own galaxy greatly obscure any view of the intergalactic space beyond. Could just be a really huge conglomeration of galaxies that we can't see directly, but given that the mass involved is so huge it's likely that it won't look much like anything else we can see.

      --
      Qu'on me donne six lignes écrites de la main du plus honnête homme, j'y trouverai de quoi le faire pendre.
  29. Passing the boundary by Whiteox · · Score: 1

    Didn't Star Trek and Babylon 5 deal with this already?

    --
    Don't be apathetic. Procrastinate!
    1. Re:Passing the boundary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, they're still in the Milky Way....

  30. We all know what it is... by actionbastard · · Score: 1

    It's the giant glass of Guiness that we're floating around in inside of our little bubble.

    --
    Sig this!
  31. What if... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    > Yes, a big bagless vacuum cleaner. In my theory I'll outline to time of the apocalypse, or as I call it, Dyson time.

    So if they had instead discovered the Cosmic Forge, would you have called it Hammer Time?

  32. I forgot to say..... by DynaSoar · · Score: 4, Informative

    I'd intended to add this to the summary, but forgot.

    TFA has a very nice, if brief, explication on the "universe" vs. "observable universe". Too many people (science and science writing pros among them) make assertions about the former when they should specify the latter.

    Go ahead and read it, it's only a space.com article (ie. very short).

    --
    "I may be synthetic, but I'm not stupid." -- Bishop 341-B
    1. Re:I forgot to say..... by uassholes · · Score: 1
      Except that there is an estimate based on the rate of expansion* that the diameter is at least 93 billion light years (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe#Size.2C_age.2C_contents.2C_structure.2C_and_laws).

      (* faster than light)

    2. Re:I forgot to say..... by trifish · · Score: 1

      Actually, universe means "observable universe". You confuse universe with space.

    3. Re:I forgot to say..... by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      According to the terminology used by cosmologists, "universe" usually means "all of spacetime", and "observable universe" means "observable universe". (Sometimes they will use the term "universe" to refer to some kind of "bubble universe" inside of spacetime which may include, but is not limited to, the observable universe.)

  33. LHC ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Perhaps the parallel universe had more success with their LHC.

  34. It could be ANYTHING by Auckerman · · Score: 2, Insightful

    To paraphrase David Hume: There is no reason to believe that the laws of physics have always been what they are today at all points in space and at all points in time. While it is well within reason, and quite likely, that the Universe follows neat patterns quite specifically, when one runs into really odd data that doesn't fit into your tidy boxes it might be time to rethink things. Dark matter/flow/energy or whatever the new buzzwords scientists come up with are stop gap measures meant to really say, "we haven't the foggiest idea what's going on, but it doesn't quite add up".

    --

    Burn Hollywood Burn
    1. Re:It could be ANYTHING by cowscows · · Score: 1

      Actually, things like Dark Energy/matter are exactly what you suggest. They're rethinkings of the structure of the universe due to data that didn't fit into the previous theories. They might not be as wildly different from earlier theories as deciding that physical constants and laws change over time or whatever, but that doesn't make them less valid.

      There's some history of scientists being resistant to big shifts in thinking such as the one you're describing, but that doesn't mean that it's wise to abandon everything you've learned so far in order to chase the new crazy theory of the week. There have been some giant changes in understanding with things like relativity and quantum mechanics coming onto the scene, but overall, science generally builds on past knowledge in little steps.

      Besides, there's enough smart people on the planet that even the more crazy-seeming ideas can have some brain cells dedicated to them. If a theory is closer to the truth, then eventually its day will come.

      --

      One time I threw a brick at a duck.

  35. Dark Flow? by catmistake · · Score: 0, Troll

    see an OB/GYN & stfu, kthx

  36. Re:woot by calmofthestorm · · Score: 2, Insightful

    fail.

    --
    93rd rule of Slashdot: No matter how obvious my sarcasm is, my comment will be taken seriously by someone.
  37. Re:Different Universes (norse mythology) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Yes, but norse mythology have nine worlds or universes in it, but this finding doesn't make it more real for that.

    Your hypothesis is flawed sir!

    In fact, several religions have imagined that there are multiple worlds or universes, so the multiverse idea seem to map in nicely on all of them.

    Before you assert the truthfulness of Judaism (and in this I also include whatever derived versions of it that exists like Christendom and Islam (which is derived from Christianity)); you should also give equal space to greek, roman, norse and keltic mythology (sorry, I don't know that much about non European ancient religions, but you may continue the list on your own).

    Because you do not consider the other alternatives your assertions here are flawed and one sided.

    It is a bit like saying out loud 3 before rolling a dice showing 3. Once I did that 3 times in a row, despite this I am unable to predict dice rolls any more accurately than other people.

  38. Re:THE PINK SOCK by MrNaz · · Score: 2, Funny

    Slashdot, vous échouez Unicode.

    --
    I hate printers.
  39. Psh by kitsunewarlock · · Score: 1

    Anyone who thinks that we live in the highest form of universe that, when destroyed, will end all life in our dimension is themselves as self-centered and close minded as those who believed we were the center of the universe.

    --
    Ginga no Rekshiya Mata Each page.
  40. Diameter of the observable universe? by rrohbeck · · Score: 1

    Last time I read something about it (can't remember where but it was probably SciAm) it was said that the diameter of the visible universe is far greater than 2*13.7 Gly because the universe has expanded significantly since those first photons got underway. After all, they got stretched several times (redshift.)

  41. Does this imply FTL? by Excelcia · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Ok, here's a question for you. The "observable universe" isn't just the observable universe for us, it is that for the whole universe. Nowhere in the universe that is observable to us can you go and observe beyond 13.7 billion light years. We're all in the same boat. However, in the area of the universe that is being affected by this phenomena, they must be able to observe what is causing it. Elsewise, it couldn't be affecting them. There is nothing that can affect me that is unobservable. You can't be so far away that you are beyond my observation range and yet still affect me, unless you are exerting FTL influence on me. So, if this is truly an influence from beyond the visible universe, then that would seem to me to imply FTL.

    1. Re:Does this imply FTL? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      This problem is solved in what will eventually be called the "Somebody Else's Problem" or SEP field.
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somebody_Else%27s_Problem

      The fact that anything going on 13.7 billion light years away, given light speed restrictions, will take longer than your life or mine to get here instantaneously makes it Somebody Else's Problem. Thus, we cannot observe it, and it's more than likely anyone who is close enough to view it is also Somebody Else's Problem.

    2. Re:Does this imply FTL? by ThomsonsPier · · Score: 2, Insightful

      No.

      Anything outside our observable universe cannot affect us without FTL velocities being involved. The observable universe, however, is centred on whatever is doing the observing. Therefore, things we can see from here have their own observable universe and, thus, their own set of stuff by which they can be affected.

      Poor ananlogy: imagine you can see a cat sitting on a street corner. It disappears around the corner because it can see some tuna. You can't see the tuna and are therefore unaffected by it (let's assume that you can't smell it either), but it's apparent to the cat.

    3. Re:Does this imply FTL? by Crookdotter · · Score: 2, Informative

      I don't think that's right. If the tuna effect reached the cat, and the cat has relayed that information to us, then the tuna's effect should also have reached us in parallel.

    4. Re:Does this imply FTL? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Observable in this case means only that photons don't come from the unobservable place to us (nor to the place which we see affected by the unobservable). So, if you see gravitons, step forward and gaze in the marked direction.

    5. Re:Does this imply FTL? by 49152 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      True.

      However the radius of the observable universe increases with time.

      The time it took for light to travel from these distant galaxies should equal the additional time it will take for light from the cause of the movement to travel from the galaxies to us.

      This means that if we can see the action we should also be able to see the cause.

      Information cannot travel faster than light neither directly nor indirectly.

      The only explanation I can see is that this speed (or flow) was caused by a gravitational tug that happened around the time of inflation.

      But if this is the case we should not register any current (or rather at the time we see now light departed from the galaxies toward us) acceleration of these distant galaxies apart from what can be expected from the general expansion of the universe.

    6. Re:Does this imply FTL? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      only if the two stages of relaying information follow the same path. There are known forces in physics that cause an effect on an object perpendicular to the line that connects those objects.

      In the case of the cornered tuna: the (direct) effect of the tuna on the observer is blocked (by bricks, concrete, hedge etc), so it cannot directly be observed. Also, the cat's movement to catch the tuna is perpendicular to the observers' line of sight, so seeing the cat respond to the tuna does not imply that the observer can see the tuna.

    7. Re:Does this imply FTL? by Crookdotter · · Score: 1

      This analogy is breaking down. Space doesn't have tuna or bricks. As it stands, information cannot travel faster than light, and if we are getting information from beyond the observable universe, this is breaking a fundamental concept. FTL information.

      either the explanation of dark flow is wrong or over-simplified, or the idea is wrong. Nothing travels FTL, even information. We cannot know, even indirectly, about the unobservable universe

      That's what 'unobservable' means in this context. It's not talking about a universe that we cannot 'see'.

    8. Re:Does this imply FTL? by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      The only explanation I can see is that this speed (or flow) was caused by a gravitational tug that happened around the time of inflation.

      That's exactly what they're proposing: that the "dark flow" is the leftover imprint of "pre-inflationary remnants". They argue that if different parts of the universe inflated at different rates, that would introduce a bias, visible today, in the motions of in-between bodies. After inflation those remnants would today be far outside the causal horizon of the distant galaxies they once influenced, and certainly outside of ours.

    9. Re:Does this imply FTL? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Your answer is no, because what's happening may not be in our bubble of space time, what we've called the universe up to this point. That is, there may not be any way for matter or radiation to cross to the "zone" where the "stuff" creating the gravitational force (and that stuff may not be matter in the sense matter exists in our universe).
       
      It might be a phenomenon something like where universes are stacked like pancakes, and while they do not touch spatially, there is some kind of meta-spatial relation between them, and gravity crosses that meta-spatial dimension as well as through actual space. Since your instruments and eyes detect radiation, which does not cross that meta-space, you are not able to observe the "stuff".
       
      The hypothesis that something must be observable in order to affect is reasonable but not necessarily, nor proven, correct.

    10. Re:Does this imply FTL? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      SO basically what you're saying is:

      FTL FTW?

    11. Re:Does this imply FTL? by Thelasko · · Score: 1

      Nowhere in the universe that is observable to us can you go and observe beyond 13.7 billion light years.

      What if that's a wrong assumption. What if the object is older than 13.7 billion years just "dark matter" that we can't observe directly?

      I think I just broke my brain.

      --
      One of our competitors trademarked the term "hypothesis". From now on, we will call them "boneheaded ideas".
    12. Re:Does this imply FTL? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You can't be so far away that you are beyond my observation range and yet still affect me

      That doesn't apply to the girl I met last weekend...
      I'm still affected by her.

      - Peder

    13. Re:Does this imply FTL? by feronti · · Score: 1

      That'll teach you to use a condom.

    14. Re:Does this imply FTL? by michaelwv · · Score: 1

      There is no boat. The "observable universe" is different depending on where you are. However, you are completely correct in your general sense that the speed of light is the speed at which information can travel, not just photons. Thus, indeed, we could not observe galaxies being affected gravitationally by things beyond this limit. And, in fact, the authors are proposing that this interaction occurred _before_ the inflationary period. In the very early Universe, spacetime itself expanded far faster than the speed of light and so there is causal correlation across larger regions than the 13.7 billion year age of the Universe. I think this paper is interesting in its observations of the motions of clusters, but with regards to the conclusion that there is something outside our theoretically observable past affecting these motions, I call BS. [The difference between the optically-visible Universe and the theoretically-observable Universe is only a few hundred thousand years so that particular distinction isn't really the point here.]

    15. Re:Does this imply FTL? by BAM0027 · · Score: 1

      So, if this is truly an influence from beyond the visible universe, then that would seem to me to imply FTL.

      Yet, this article is not saying that we are moving differently, it is describing something that we can see very far away from us. It's the same as observing a storm event from far enough away to not feel its effects.

      Now, if our solar system changed it's positive relative to our neighboring objects in space, and we were able to attribute that change of position and/or movement to the same source described in the article, then we could have the FTL discussion.

    16. Re:Does this imply FTL? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Did you not read the FAQ? We want 'car' analogies, not 'cat' analogies.

    17. Re:Does this imply FTL? by IorDMUX · · Score: 1

      I have to agree with 49152 in that, for the information to have traveled from the "affecting" object to the "affected" object and then to have made its way to us from the "affected" object in the form of light means (to me) that the original impetus either:
      A) Had to have occurred "before" the start of the universe,
      B) involved some FTL transmission or other warped space shortcut, or
      C) Is not observable to us currently simply because we do not know how to observe it (other dimensions, string theory [*gasp*], etc.).

      --
      >> Standing on head makes smile of frown, but rest of face also upside down.
    18. Re:Does this imply FTL? by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      In the theory discussed in TFA, the answer is:

      D) Occurred long ago and no longer influences anything in the observable universe.

    19. Re:Does this imply FTL? by Excelcia · · Score: 1

      I'm not sure about A - if it's even meaningful to speculate about before the big bang. But the other two possibilities are both exciting. What we know is that something is causing a large cluster of galaxies to accelerate towards a common area, and that nothing known in the observable universe could cause this. So either it is an FTL effect from beyond the horizon, or some completely new phenomena from within our universe. Exciting stuff, kids.

    20. Re:Does this imply FTL? by IorDMUX · · Score: 1

      I'm not sure about A - if it's even meaningful to speculate about before the big bang

      Yeah, that's why I put "before" in quotes. It's the throwaway answer. ... but it is astrophysics... you never know, I guess. :-p

      --
      >> Standing on head makes smile of frown, but rest of face also upside down.
  42. Silly trend in science by Xiph · · Score: 1

    Why is it that science is currently in it's goth phase, everything has to be named "Dark x".

    just goes to show how much being a drama queen matters, compared to just the old way of demonstrating experiments.

    They are as much Drama Scientists as Jack Thompson is a Drama Lawyer.
    Though fortunately not Retard Scientists the same way JT is a Retard Lawyer

    --
    Blah blah sig blah blah blah irony blah blah
    1. Re:Silly trend in science by aplusjimages · · Score: 1

      Goth? What is this 1995? I believe you mean "emo science". It's science with emotion.

      --
      Can I bum a sig?
    2. Re:Silly trend in science by budgenator · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I think what is happening is the universe as we know it is a blackhole, basically light gets redshifted to a frequency of 0 eventually, that is an event horizon and has a radius of Hubble's constant / c; the effect is caused structures that are inside the galaxies observable universe, they are 6 Billion light years away, so they can see 6 Billion Light years farther than we can, but are outside our observable universe. Because it is unobservable it is dark to us.

      --
      Apocalypse Cancelled, Sorry, No Ticket Refunds
    3. Re:Silly trend in science by oldspewey · · Score: 2, Funny

      Whoa ...
      [/KeanuReeves]

      --
      If libertarians are so opposed to effective government, why don't they all move to Somalia?
    4. Re:Silly trend in science by matrim99 · · Score: 1

      Let's see... in the early/mid 80s we had the beginning of Goth, so the next phase after that back then was Grunge.

      So I suppose in a few years we'll start having "Slacker Galaxies" and "Flannel Matter".

      --
      Right. No, your other right. No, the other other right.
    5. Re:Silly trend in science by michaelwv · · Score: 1

      Two points: As always, you hear about and thus pay attention much more to the drama queens then anyone else, which is sort of the point about being a drama queen. Funding for significant science is controlled by Congress and one has to be able to capture the essence of a concept simply and succinctly to make the case to spend one billion dollars on something. There are many valid and easy criticisms to make about the current model for public funding of science; unfortunately, I don't really have a better one that would be stable.

    6. Re:Silly trend in science by Kagura · · Score: 2, Informative

      the effect is caused by structures that are inside the galaxies observable universe, they are 6 Billion light years away, so they can see 6 Billion Light years farther than we can, but are outside our observable universe.

      Sounds like you don't quite understand the concept of a light cone... Let me simplify your example and see if I understand you:

      *Galaxy A is within the Milky Way's observable universe.
      *Galaxy B is outside the Milky Way's observable universe, but it's within Galaxy A's observable universe.

      You are suggesting that even though we can't see Galaxy B, Galaxy B is still acting upon Galaxy A, and that we are seeing its perturbations here on Earth.

      However, that doesn't work in an expanding universe. If Galaxy B is already past our observation horizon and continuing to recede, we will never see its effects on Galaxy A from our vantage point in the Milky Way.

      You can read more on this fascinating topic at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observable_universe, and it's far better written there than I could ever hope to personally explain.

    7. Re:Silly trend in science by Kagura · · Score: 1

      However, that doesn't work in an expanding universe.

      Indeed, it doesn't even work in a static universe, albeit it one with an initial Big Bang and inflation. Following GP's example numbers, we won't be able to see Galaxy B acting upon Galaxy A until the universe reaches 12bil years old.

    8. Re:Silly trend in science by budgenator · · Score: 1

      Patches of matter in the universe seem to be moving at very high speeds and in a uniform direction that can't be explained by any of the known gravitational forces in the observable universe. Astronomers are calling the phenomenon "dark flow." Mysterious New 'Dark Flow' Discovered in Space

      The whole article is about a structure inside our light cone being affected by a structure outside our light cone

      --
      Apocalypse Cancelled, Sorry, No Ticket Refunds
  43. Re:THE PINK SOCK by The+Master+Control+P · · Score: 1

    You need the link to the picture for lulz.

    On clothes exported from USA to France: [We are sorry that our president is an idiot. We didn't vote for him]

  44. Re:THE PINK SOCK by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So are you an american threating europeans or is it the other way around?

    One thing I can say is you are an idiot

  45. Azatoth? by Zoolander · · Score: 1

    There you are, little fella. I've been looking all over for you!

    --
    Meep.
  46. Map of these regions by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Scientists have attempted to map these regions. They are, of course, not sure what is tugging at the galaxies, but by looking at the relative velocities it's possible to create a map of the structure of the filament like "flows". Their best guess at the moment is: this

  47. Re:THE PINK SOCK by calmofthestorm · · Score: 1

    yeah. I wonder if it actually happened. Since when does the US make clothes and if we did since when do we export them to France?

    I thought we ran up huge deficits to squander the planet's resources on an unsustainable way of life, not exporting things too.

    --
    93rd rule of Slashdot: No matter how obvious my sarcasm is, my comment will be taken seriously by someone.
  48. yadda yadda by airider · · Score: 1

    So what they're really saying is..... yadda, yadda, yadda....we don't know what the hell is going on with the universe...everytime we think we do we find something new that throws us all for a loop.... No big surprise....can't believe the astrophysics community takes any "hard data" about the universe seriously since the limitions of what we are able to observe and comprehend right now are staggering...we're just at the very beggining of understanding the universe and it's underlying mechanism....let's quit trying to make bold statments about it's age and "dark matter" when we barely have a clue about it at all... I swear this community has as many "politicians" wrangling for prestige and power as the government does....

    1. Re:yadda yadda by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, it's a shame more people don't just mock and trash the discoveries of others, I'm sure we'd be a much better species because of it. Cynicism for the win!

  49. Super.... by Xelios · · Score: 2, Insightful

    First we had dark energy, then dark matter, now dark flow. All to try and explain an unexpected effect of something we don't understand. Lets figure out what exactly gravity is and how it really works over large scales, then we can revisit all this "dark" stuff.

    --
    Murphey's fighting Occam, and we're in the stands.
    1. Re:Super.... by IHateEverybody · · Score: 1

      If we'd done that, we'd have never discovered Neptune.

      --
      Does this .sig make my butt look big?
    2. Re:Super.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      doh! I wonder why has no one thought of that before!

    3. Re:Super.... by Jugalator · · Score: 1

      Heh, yes, it's starting to pile up, isn't it?

      - Dark flow, related to gravity
      - Dark matter, related to gravity
      - Dark energy, doesn't interact with any known force... besides gravity. An idea is actually that dark energy *is* part of the law of gravity itself, just not noticed on other scales than cosmological.
      - Quantum gravity, lacking a theory for
      - We don't know if gravity can be united with the known fundamental forces of nature
      - We don't know if the Higgs boson exists, I suppose we hope it does, or the standard model is messed up

      --
      Beware: In C++, your friends can see your privates!
    4. Re:Super.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      First we had dark energy, then dark matter, now dark flow. All to try and explain an unexpected effect of something we don't understand. Lets figure out what exactly gravity is and how it really works over large scales, then we can revisit all this "dark" stuff.

      Figure out what gravity is? Does that question even make sense? Gravity is a force of attraction between two bodies with mass. Same as the strong force, the weak force, and the force between charged particles. We understand how gravity behaves for most all situations, have equations to define it, and can predict it accurately enough. Now tell me, what figuring do we have left to do?

  50. Re:THE PINK SOCK by foobsr · · Score: 1

    way of life (emphasis mine)

    Looking at the population in question, it might presumably be interesting to investigate how the imperative "Get a life!" would apply. I am sure that — with a little tweaking towards a more academic language — you can make a nice thesis out of that.

    CC.

    --
    TaijiQuan (Huang, 5 loosenings)
  51. insufficient data by khallow · · Score: 1

    There were a couple of interesting things here. First, the region that these clusters are supposedly moving towards are pretty close to being in line with the heart of the Milky Way. What this means is that the attractor object may simply be obscured by our own galaxy. Second, the motion is not unusually large for superclusters. For example, the Milky Way and everything near us moves towards the heart of the Virgo supercluster at around 1.4 million mph, about 70% of the observed motion. So as I see it, there could be a more routine explanation. I gather from the story they have more data that indicates a nonlocal interaction. Namely, the motion of these clusters is probably all in a certain direction towards the horizon rather than towards a point.

    But if the inflationary theory of the universe is correct, then you would expect to see motion that came from long ago interaction with other matter that no longer resides inside what we can see of the universe, the so-called observable universe. What really bothers me here is the claim that these bodies are still experiencing forces from the long departed rest of the universe. I doubt that's occuring no matter what funky rules might apply elsewhere.

    1. Re:insufficient data by Ambitwistor · · Score: 3, Insightful

      First, the region that these clusters are supposedly moving towards are pretty close to being in line with the heart of the Milky Way. What this means is that the attractor object may simply be obscured by our own galaxy.

      It's not just the lack of an attractor object, it's the unusual velocities.

      Second, the motion is not unusually large for superclusters.

      They argue otherwise: "If produced by gravitational instability within the concordance LambdaCDM model, the motion would require the local Universe out to ~ 300h^1 Mpc to be atypical at the level of many standard deviations of the model", and argue that even a 100 km/sec motion due to local gravitation alone would be excluded by observations. I confess that I don't know enough cosmology to understand why. Either you expect smaller motions in the earlier universe or else there are additional constraints at work (they mention having to explain why the dipole is approximately constant with depth). I'd have to do more background reading to understand what's going on here, but the point is that they say they have reason to believe that the motion is unusually large.

      What really bothers me here is the claim that these bodies are still experiencing forces from the long departed rest of the universe.

      I don't think they are. From my reading of the paper, it sounds like this motion is left over from the inflationary phase.

  52. Punk science by OrangeTide · · Score: 1

    I'm waiting for the universe to be explained due to the forces of Fuck Off Matter.

    --
    “Common sense is not so common.” — Voltaire
    1. Re:Punk science by oldspewey · · Score: 4, Funny

      Fuck Off Matter

      You know, I've been wondering for a long time just exactly what is the secret ingredient in a tall, cool glass of Shut the Fuck Up.

      --
      If libertarians are so opposed to effective government, why don't they all move to Somalia?
  53. Re:THE PINK SOCK by AlecC · · Score: 1

    I think it wasn't clothes, it was a snazzy laptop bag, and it wasn't France, it was French-speaking Canada.

    --
    Consciousness is an illusion caused by an excess of self consciousness.
  54. Things Man Was Not Meant To Know! by Machine9 · · Score: 1

    How long before the first scientists start acting... peculiar? (that is, more peculiar than scientists normally act) Have *you* seen the yellow sign?

  55. Doesn't make much sense to me by CTachyon · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Let's start with a recap of some statements that are true under current physical theories: (1) space itself is expanding (Hubble Expansion); (2) early in the history of the universe, the expansion of space was faster than the speed of light (Inflationary Big Bang theory); (3) nothing can exceed the speed of light, not even gravity or information (Special and General Relativity); and (4) we are confined our "observable universe": a bubble 92 billion light-years in diameter (General Relativity plus Inflationary Big Bang theory — 13.7 billion light-years, plus inflation, plus 13.7 billion years of Hubble expansion).

    Given these facts, neither gravity nor information from outside our observable universe can enter it.

    Sure, parts of what we currently consider the observable universe might, in their own relativistic timeline, be "currently" experiencing a gravitational tug from parts of the universe that we can't currently observe, even in principle. However, if that is true, then either (a) such observable places will exit our field of observation before we observe that gravitational tug (i.e. the universe will expand faster than light), or (b) such unobservable places exerting a gravitational tug will enter our field of observation before we see the tug on things we can currently see (i.e. the universe will expand slower than light).

    There's no way that information could take a roundabout path to us and arrive faster than information traveling in a straight line (or, more correctly in GR, a geodesic). Think about it: if light/gravity/information cannot travel directly to us, because the direct path is too long and too slow, how could it travel indirectly to us? The indirect path is, by definition, longer and slower than the direct path.

    I suppose that, if a large mass was once observable but now is not (i.e. it tugged on some galaxies, then inflation happened), the theory in the article might make a certain amount of sense. But the timescale of inflation (fractions of a second after the Big Bang) doesn't really leave a lot of time for that to happen. It sounds much more plausible to my ears that either (a) there is a previously-undiscovered conglomeration of dark matter in that direction, but it still lies within our observable bubble; or (b) the galaxies in question are at high velocity but no longer accelerating, indicating leftover momentum from an ejection, collision, or some other high-energy event in the early universe.

    OTOH, I'm no physicist, so maybe I'm missing something, or maybe the actual theory being promoted makes more sense than Space.com's rather awful writeup.

    --
    Range Voting: preference intensity matters
    1. Re:Doesn't make much sense to me by Karma+Bandit · · Score: 4, Informative

      You should read the abstracts of the articles, since it turns out you're right. From the abstract:

      "This flow is difficult to explain by gravitational evolution within the framework of the concordance LCDM model and may be indicative of the tilt exerted across the entire current horizon by far-away pre-inflationary inhomogeneities."

      They would, at least, find it less plausible to describe it with a huge mass of dark matter.

    2. Re:Doesn't make much sense to me by Ambitwistor · · Score: 2, Informative

      I suppose that, if a large mass was once observable but now is not (i.e. it tugged on some galaxies, then inflation happened), the theory in the article might make a certain amount of sense.

      Yes, that's the idea here: the distant galaxies are still experiencing left-over motion due to a tug from matter long ago, which has by now expanded beyond our ability to see. This is a feature of the accelerating expansion due to inflation. Objects which were once within our causal horizon can be far, far away from it now. All we see is what effects remain from when they were near us.

      But the timescale of inflation (fractions of a second after the Big Bang) doesn't really leave a lot of time for that to happen.

      There was time for objects to gravitationally influence each other, if they were very close. Then they got blown far apart by the extremely rapid inflation. That's the whole point of inflationary theory: that objects used to be able to interact with each other (explaining the homogeneity and isotropy of the universe), but now they can't.

      It sounds much more plausible to my ears that either (a) there is a previously-undiscovered conglomeration of dark matter in that direction, but it still lies within our observable bubble;

      The authors claim the velocity is too large to explain this way.

      the galaxies in question are at high velocity but no longer accelerating, indicating leftover momentum from an ejection, collision, or some other high-energy event in the early universe.

      They're too far apart to all be affected by a single cosmic event, unless it was in the very early universe when they were very close together (i.e., pre-inflation). That's what this theory proposes. The idea is that this all happened before there were galaxies or even atoms, just a plasma of high energy particles. During inflation some particles got tugged more in one direction than another if different regions of space were inflating at different rates, giving them a peculiar velocity relative to the average Hubble flow. After inflation, atoms, gas, stars, galaxies, etc. condensed from them, retaining the primordial peculiar velocity.

    3. Re:Doesn't make much sense to me by Patersmith · · Score: 1

      I'm no physicist either but all of this leads one to believe there's something we're not quite getting.

      Take for instance the Expanding Universe theory that's based on Hubble's Law. Hubble noted that the measured redshifts of galaxies corresponded very nicely with their apparent brightness. This was interpreted to mean that the more distant the galaxy, the faster it is moving away from us. The problem came in the 60s when quasars were discovered, their redshifts were found to be all over the place and didn't correspond with their brightness at all. Even worse, some quasars are observed to be connected to galaxes and have redshifts that are different by orders of magnitude compared to the nearby connected galaxy. Some physicists have speculated that if Hubble had found and measured quasar redshifts first, the Expanding Universe theory would never have been suggested. And the Big Bang is a conclusion based in part on the Expanding Universe model.

      The second problem is there isn't enough stuff out there to cause the increase in acceleration that Expanding Universe needs so "dark matter" was suggested as the culprit. The problem is that dark matter is inherently unobservable. We can't see or measure it. It's simply a fudge factor. That's not the way science is supposed to work when observations don't line up with a theory.

      Anyway, there are physicists out there who believe that a badly needed shakeup is coming that will require rethinking everything we thought about cosmology in the last 80 years. Sadly, it's risky for young physicists to practice original, critical thought and potentially embarass well-established, senior physicists who've built their careers around Expanding Universe. Such behaviour is not conducive to grants and tenure.

      I highly recommend checking out "Universe - Cosmology Quest" where these points are articulated by people way smarter than me: Dr. Halton C. Arp, Astronomer; Dr. Andre Koch Assis, Plasma Physicist; Dr. Geoffrey Burbidge, Theoretical Astrophysicist; Dr. Margaret Burbidge, Theoretical Astrophysicist; John Dobson, Telescope Designer; Prof. Truls Hansen, Geophysicist; Fred Hoyle, Cosmologist (who first coined the term "Big Bang"); the list goes on.

      Part 1 is here:

      http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4717807574075729588&ei=J07aSLGQMovurAK9iLCcCw&q=%22cosmology+quest%22&vt=lf

    4. Re:Doesn't make much sense to me by spacefiddle · · Score: 1

      (2) early in the history of the universe, the expansion of space was faster than the speed of light (Inflationary Big Bang theory); (3) nothing can exceed the speed of light, not even gravity or information (Special and General Relativity)

      Where can a layman start reading to reconcile these two statements...? Or can someone here explain this?

    5. Re:Doesn't make much sense to me by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      Matter and energy cannot travel through space at greater than c. But general relativity doesn't place a restriction on how fast space itself can expand. That can happen at an arbitrarily large rate.

    6. Re:Doesn't make much sense to me by spacefiddle · · Score: 1

      Ok, i kind of get that and my head hurts at the same time. Thanks :). I will now attempt to restrain amateurish speculation on using the carrier-wave of space medium expansion for FTL travel, as even i can see it's sort of like that "why don't they just make the whole plane out of the stuff they make the black box with" joke. And mod parent up +2 informative, -1 Alleve.

    7. Re:Doesn't make much sense to me by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      It's theoretically possible to exploit this "no restriction on how fast spacetime can expand" idea for FTL travel, but you can prove that to do so would require the existence of "exotic matter" with negative mass and other crazy properties. That's not very encouraging.

    8. Re:Doesn't make much sense to me by michaelwv · · Score: 1

      YMNBAA but IAAA, and I would say that your remarks an excellent summary.

    9. Re:Doesn't make much sense to me by mentaldingo · · Score: 1

      I'm not sure we can really assume many of the things you listed. For example, 2 and 3 would seem to be contradictory.

      We still don't know what caused inflation to happen, and there's nothing to say it isn't still active (albeit, a little less active than earlier) in moving these galaxies.

      And if space is allowed to travel faster than light then, unless I'm misunderstanding something, surely light taking a roundabout route could go through a fast-moving patch of space and arrive here sooner than light taking a geodesic... right?

    10. Re:Doesn't make much sense to me by CTachyon · · Score: 1

      I'm not sure we can really assume many of the things you listed. For example, 2 and 3 would seem to be contradictory.

      Not really. No thing can travel faster than the speed of light, but spacetime is a metric (a numbering system), not a thing. When Hubble's was first proposed, this was thoroughly hashed out: new space continuously appears inbetween any two points A and B. If A and B are sufficiently distant, then enough new space accumulates such that 1 light-year or more of it appears between A and B over the course of 1 year, and thus A and B become causally disconnected... even without inflation. Inflationary Big Bang theory just does the same thing, only faster (i.e. "sufficiently distant" was measured in tiny fractions of a meter, rather than light-years). It's not a contradiction of General Relativity any more than the Alcubierre warp drive (albeit Hubble expansion has the property of actually existing).

      We still don't know what caused inflation to happen, and there's nothing to say it isn't still active (albeit, a little less active than earlier) in moving these galaxies.

      True that we don't know what caused inflation, but the fact that it stopped suddenly means that whatever was driving it is "done". String Theorists seem to think it's due to some sort of spring-like tension tied up in the compacted higher dimensions of space that we normally don't notice, and that inflation was when three of them somehow uncoiled and sprung loose into the universe we know today. I've heard speculation that more spatial dimensions might similarly spring loose at some point in the future, and further speculation that that's what's causing Dark Energy (acceleration of the Hubble expansion). But I know even less about String Theory than I do about GR, so I'm probably just embarrassing myself at this point.

      And if space is allowed to travel faster than light then, unless I'm misunderstanding something, surely light taking a roundabout route could go through a fast-moving patch of space and arrive here sooner than light taking a geodesic... right?

      In Hubble expansion, space itself isn't moving in the sense of going from A to B. Again, space is a metric, not a thing, so it can't "move" at all. Hubble expansion is completely uniform: pick any two points of space, measure the distance with a beam of light, and you will find that the distance increases over time, and that the rate of increase is larger if A and B are farther away. (Although if there are objects at A and B, and the two points are sufficiently close, gravitational or electromagnetic attraction will pull the objects together faster than the Hubble expansion can pull them apart, causing the objects to leave points A and B behind.)

      Things are different in the Alcubierre metric, since the Alcubierre metric is non-homogenous, but that involves exotic matter (imaginary mass, negative mass-squared) so, just like wormholes, Alcubierre metrics don't seem to actually exist.

      --
      Range Voting: preference intensity matters
  56. Tag please by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Can we get a 'nonomnom' tag for this one?

  57. my theory by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    what if there were super massiv eblack holes all over space and when once every few dozen billion years two come close or collide or whatever. They might rip apart matter in such a massive proporation as to be a BIG BANG, but ill call it the BIG RIP ( HAHA i can see the jokes now /farts) NOW what nasa observes might actually be that some of OUR universe form one of these rips, is actually being pulled towards one of these super super massive back holes. It would also account why the universe is expanding at an ever faster rate, and it would mean that all things are finite.

  58. what's happening with science? by jipn4 · · Score: 1

    "Most likely to create such a coherent flow they would have to be some very strange structures, maybe some warped space time. But this is just pure speculation."

    It's worrisome when scientists start sounding increasingly like Star Trek technobabble.

  59. id like to add by CHRONOSS2008 · · Score: 1

    oh and when they say OBSERVABLE that means not just this so called dark matter but how far out they can actually see. IF they could see three times or 5 times as far out would they see other universes of the above idea? perhaps the grandverse is actually thousands a times larger and there are multitudes of events such as these and thus trillions of galaxies.....

  60. "Pulling" clusters of galaxies? by ivoras · · Score: 1

    Something that's not there is pulling matter to it? Wouldn't a simpler (at least from a certain point of view) theory be that space is warped at that place so that normal interactions and paths matter takes looks curved to us? (How warped? Dunno. Maybe in a fourth dimension...)

    Of course this leaves us with the question - what is warping the space? The only thing we're aware of that has that effect is gravity. Since we think we know gravity well enough to say it's only present/caused by mass, and there's no mass in that region of space, it's either something else, or the space is "just" curved - an artefact of its existence, caused maybe by its expanding during the big bang.

    --
    -- Sig down
    1. Re:"Pulling" clusters of galaxies? by CHRONOSS2008 · · Score: 1

      a new type of black hole that is so dense ( see wiki about massive black holes in centers of universes actually being said to be having hte volume of air ) as to be like a stellar blakc hole only the size of a super massive black hole.
      NOT only could it pull a galaxy about but maybe even if there were two , maybe it might have ripped apart a smaller one.
      Thus we have out universe due to that. This brings two ideas to mind.

      1) where is the ripped one as not all of it would have been destroyed ( or was it)

      2) is this other mass heading in on galactic central or is it angled such that a trace of its trajectory could swipe say galactic central and if so does this mean the idea of a side swiping hyper black hole collision become a possibility.

      Are there then also other such objects out there that are and might allow for epxansion of what we think is dark matter that is in fact simply hyper sized black holes that we cant actually view as of there distances and that there xrays may not reach us.

  61. Re:THE PINK SOCK by Z00L00K · · Score: 1

    Yes - the Unicode support at Slashdot is really not right.

    I'd rather have a rÃksmÃrgÃ¥s (shrimp sandwich)...

    --
    If builders built buildings the way programmers wrote programs, then the first woodpecker would destroy civilization.
  62. Universe is finite by TheCybernator · · Score: 1

    I feel Universe is finite and is enclosed in a egg shaped enclosure. What scientists are noticing is probably just a magnified reflection of galaxies. Its like one of those magic mirrors at school.

    1. Re:Universe is finite by Crookdotter · · Score: 1

      I suspect that the Universe doesn't care what you feel.

  63. Edge of the SnowGlobe and a giant Magnet by tyrione · · Score: 1

    ...either that or something is taking a deep inhale?

  64. Re:THE PINK SOCK by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Go back to writing whiney emo poems, it suits you better.

  65. How is it possible ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    How something that is "unobservable" is observed ?

    JAM

  66. It'll be... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    a massive accumulation of odd socks, biros and AOL CDs

  67. I think you're misinterpreting... by warrax_666 · · Score: 4, Informative

    the word "observable". AFAIUI, in this case it means directly observable. Given an expanding universe -- since nothing can travel faster than light (and c is finite) and the universe has a finite age there is a limit to how far you can "see" in any direction from any given vantage point (see "horizon problem"). However, you might still be able to see an object at the very edge of "your" observable universe being influenced by something beyond your particular observation horizon -- that is, you can tell that it is being influenced by something and that it's not being influenced by something inside horizon. So essentially very talking about indirect observation here.

    --
    HAND.
    1. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by orkysoft · · Score: 2, Informative

      Would that object influencing the observed object not need to be inside your light cone for you to even observe the influencing that it is doing?

      --

      I suffer from attention surplus disorder.
    2. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by orkysoft · · Score: 3, Informative

      Your analogy is flawed, since speed of light does not play a role in it, while it does with this observable-object-influenced-by-object-outside-our-lightcone situation. For the information about the unobservable object to be able to travel to us, it must be within our lightcone, otherwise it would entail information travelling faster than light.

      --

      I suffer from attention surplus disorder.
    3. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 4, Informative

      Would that object influencing the observed object not need to be inside your light cone for you to even observe the influencing that it is doing?

      No, it wouldn't. All that is necessary is that the influenced object be inside the light cone of the influencing object

      Yes, it would. Gravity works at lightspeed also, so any gravitic effect on an observable object must be detectable at the observer, making the influencing object "observable".

      Likewise, any other effect that we know of, all of which are limited to lightspeed. The only way that something outside the observable universe could affect something inside the observable universe and be seen by something else inside the observable universe is if the laws of physics that we know and love are basically a steaming pile of horse apples.

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    4. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by mapsjanhere · · Score: 1

      You mean it would be just like dark energy and dark mass, something we cannot see but whose effect we observe? And which make our hadron based laws of physics look like a steaming pile of horse apples?

      --
      I'm aging rapidly, I bought a new game and had no idea if my machine was good for it.
    5. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 1

      You mean it would be just like dark energy and dark mass, something we cannot see but whose effect we observe?

      But dark matter is within the "observable universe". The fact that we can barely detect it doesn't change that. As far as we can tell, dark matter obeys the same laws of physics as the resto of us do - it just doesn't interact with "normal" matter other than gravitationally. Nothing wrong with that, really. Neutrinos are almost that bad, after all.

      This is something supposedly outside the "observable universe" that is causing the observed effect. Which opens up all sorts of interesting possibilities, none of which suggest that our understanding of physics is other than, shall we be polite and say "limited"? Or would "quaint superstition" be better? Because it requires an interaction at greater than speed of light, in order to have an observable effect while the effector is outside the observable universe (that is, too far away for light to have reached here from there).

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    6. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by mapsjanhere · · Score: 1

      I love your way of getting around using the appropriate four letter description :)
      My question is, for matter in our reference frame the "can't transmit information faster than light" is of course fundamental. But for a massive stationary object past our horizon (which our current model says we can't have) it is not impossible to have an observable effect. From my understanding, if those galaxy clusters are moving with c/2 in one direction and we are moving with c/2 the other way, the galaxy clusters are at our horizon (total speed of separation c). But while they are approaching the outside object fast, gravitational pull would be faster, and we could see the measured trajectories.

      --
      I'm aging rapidly, I bought a new game and had no idea if my machine was good for it.
    7. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by DreadPiratePizz · · Score: 1

      Right, but how could something be more than 13.7 billion light years away from the point of the big bang? It'd have had to be traveling faster than light, which is impossible as far as we know. The article says that the structures are hundreds of billions of light years away. How could that have come from the big bang?

    8. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by UnknownSoldier · · Score: 1

      > since nothing can travel faster than light (and c is finite)

      Both of those are assumptions. If they were true, there wouldn't be a logical explaination for tachyons.

      Part of the problem is that we are confined to observing this dimension. In other dimensions things DO move faster then light.

      Furthermore, the speed of gravity is much greater then c.

    9. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by Man+Eating+Duck · · Score: 0

      The only way that something outside the observable universe could affect something inside the observable universe and be seen by something else inside the observable universe is if the laws of physics that we know and love are basically a steaming pile of horse apples.

      FTA:

      Most likely to create such a coherent flow they would have to be some very strange structures, maybe some warped space time. But this is just pure speculation.

      It's difficult to wrap my mind around this, but I'll have a go:

      O......................A.|..B

      We are the observer at O, the pipe is our light cone limit.
      Object B fires an immense laser beam at object A some time far in the past and then start racing away from us. Object A explodes so violently that we can detect it after 13 billion years or so. We can still not observe object B directly, but we can observe an effect of its actions.
      If object B instead is unbelievably massive it could accelerate object A, and we could observe the effect.

      Why is this wrong?

      Because we see what happened 13 billion years ago. Object B could be further away by now, but the only things we know is what happened in the past. Object B must then necessarily be within our light cone, as any laser beam fired at A could reach us as well.

      As we gaze across billions of lightyears, we also gaze through aeons backwards in time.

      --
      Are you a grammar Nazi? I'm trying to improve my English; please correct my errors! :)
    10. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by Machine9 · · Score: 1

      Because the big bang was not a big explosion -in- spacetime but an explosion -of- spacetime, a spacetime which has not stopped expanding since that event.

      Spacetime is much "larger" now than right after the big bang.

    11. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by lysergic.acid · · Score: 0

      but information isn't traveling faster than light. we are observing the influenced object, which is within our light cone. we can only see its movements by information traveling at the speed of light.

      our indirect observation of the influencing object is done by extrapolating our knowledge of that particular region of space with the belief that there is nothing within the observable universe capable of creating such an influence on the directly-observed objected. no information is reaching us from the dark flow object. all our speculations about it are based on logical deduction.

      it's just like if you were to calculate and line up shots in your head when shooting pool. a good pool player can know where every ball will end up even before he takes the shot. has information from the balls traveled back in time to him? no, because he's simply using his cognitive abilities to deduce/predict the movement of the balls for any given shot.

      or to use another analogy, you might be talking to your best friend on instant messenger and know what he's going to say even before he says it. that's not FTL information propagation. technically the information hasn't been sent to you yet, but you are still able to use other pieces of information from the past and from the current situation to reliably predict what your friend is likely to say next.

    12. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 2, Informative

      From my understanding, if those galaxy clusters are moving with c/2 in one direction and we are moving with c/2 the other way, the galaxy clusters are at our horizon (total speed of separation c). But while they are approaching the outside object fast, gravitational pull would be faster, and we could see the measured trajectories.

      According to our current understanding of physics, the situation you describe can't actually occur. It is impossible for two pieces of matter to be moving apart at c. If we were moving at c/2 in one direction, RELATIVE to some piece of matter, and yet another piece of matter were moving at c/2 away from that reference matter in the opposite direction, that second piece of matter would be observed as moving away from us at 0.866c, and be well within our "observable universe".

      Even if we assumed your case were valid, then we'd have to assume that the gravity from the object outside the observable universe (hereinafter the THING) could reach that far-flung galaxy (hereinafter, OVERTHERE), interact with it, and then the light from OVERTHERE could come here, and beat the light/gravity effects from the THING here, even though all of them (light/gravity from the THING, light/gravity from OVERTHERE) are moving at c. Can't happen unless something is moving ftl. In which case, we're back to using words like "quaint"....

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    13. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by mapsjanhere · · Score: 1

      Thanks, I always get lost when it comes to the relativistic corrections.

      --
      I'm aging rapidly, I bought a new game and had no idea if my machine was good for it.
    14. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by camperdave · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Yes, it would. Gravity works at lightspeed also, so any gravitic effect on an observable object must be detectable at the observer, making the influencing object "observable".

      Well, let's set aside for a moment the fact that we have not yet measured the speed of gravity accurately enough to tell if it is equal, above, or below the speed of light. We'll just assume it's equal.

      Now that I've given it some post coffee thought, you are, of course, correct. My error was that I was considering the light cones of transmitting influence both from the "unobservable" object, and from Earth. I was looking at the wrong half of the light cone.

      --
      When our name is on the back of your car, we're behind you all the way!
    15. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by 49152 · · Score: 3, Informative

      That is wrong I am afraid.

      Nothing and that includes information can travel above the speed of light neither directly nor indirectly.

      Yes, it it possible for something at the edge of our observable universe to be affected by something outside our observable universe right now.

      But we do not (and cannot) observe what happens at the edge right now, but rather when light left that place heading in our direction a very long time ago.

      So in effect we are seeing what happened at the edge in the past. This also means that the light from anything capable of affecting that part of the universe at that time would also by now had time to reach us and so we would be able to see it.

      The summary is (as usual) a bit misleading.

      What the article is suggesting is not that something outside the observable universe is affecting something else inside it right now and that we can see the effect but not the cause, but rather that something influenced a part of the universe around the time of the great inflation shortly after the big bang.

      At that time those parts of the universe would have been close enough together that they could have affected each other. The inflation stage which was an extremely fast expansion of time and space itself has since moved some parts (in fact probably most of it) outside our observable universe so we cannot see this part.

      What they see is something having a great speed due to an earlier influence by something we cannot see now, not that it is still being accelerated because that would have been a violation of the speed of light.

      I hope I am not to unclear on this but English is not my first language so I find it a bit hard to explain any clearer.

    16. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by orkysoft · · Score: 2, Informative

      If we see an object A (which is by definition inside our light cone) being influenced by another object B that we cannot observe, B is in our lightcone, but just occluded, because if it were outside our lightcone, it could not possibly have been observed, directly or indirectly.

      See the other branch of this thread.

      --

      I suffer from attention surplus disorder.
    17. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by orclevegam · · Score: 1

      The article mentions various theories concerning objects in existence prior to the big bang and how these theories could be used to explain this effect. In theory postulates that there are other universe "bubbles" created similar to our own and this effect is attributable to one of them brushing up against our own. Another possibility is that some form of matter existed prior to the big bang, and was pushed out of the way by the initial expansion of our universe and this effect could be caused by a group of this initial matter influencing matter within our universe. Of course, at this points it's all just arm waving and what if scenarios, you might as well pick up a random sci-fi book, the explanations will be about as well founded as most of the ones being tossed around right now.

      --
      Curiosity was framed, Ignorance killed the cat.
    18. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by Ambitwistor · · Score: 3, Informative

      Both of those are assumptions. If they were true, there wouldn't be a logical explaination for tachyons.

      Who cares if there's a logical explanation for tachyons, since we don't have evidence for any?

      Anyway, even if tachyons existed you'd never actually observe anything traveling faster than light; see this FAQ.

      In other dimensions things DO move faster then light.

      Says who? In any relativistic quantum field theory or string theory, c is the limit in any dimension.

      Furthermore, the speed of gravity is much greater then c.

      van Flandern's website is a bunch of crackpot nonsense. He was pretty notorious on Usenet for years. He misapplies perturbation theory; if you apply his same arguments to electromagnetism, you "conclude" that light travels faster than light too (see here). In fact, you can rigorously prove in general relativity that the speed of gravity cannot exceed c (see here, assuming that the gravitational waves aren't produced by weird things like negative mass). The 1993 Nobel prize in physics was awarded, in part, for an observational determination of the speed of gravity. (You can deduce it by the rate at which gravitational energy is radiated by orbiting bodies.) The measurements indicate that the speed of gravity is c, to within a few percent accuracy.

    19. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 3, Informative

      Why is this wrong?

      Because gravity works at the speed of light.

      If gravity from B left there at some time in the past, and reached A, it then continued past A toward O.

      Light from A went from A to O.

      Light and gravity move at the same speed, so, the light from A reaches us at the same time as the gravity from B.

      Therefore, B is within the "observable universe".

      In order for the above to not work, some part of the process above must include "faster than light". Which, so far as current physics is concerned, isn't part of the picture.

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    20. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by 49152 · · Score: 1

      You are wrong.

      You assume that we can observe what happens far away in real time.

      We cannot. There is no absolute frame of reference that your example need to make sense.

      Information itself is limited by the speed of light so if light carrying the information about something happening far away has had time to reach us that also means light from the object causing the effect will have time to reach us.

      Your hidden node problem is not a valid analogy because the visible horizon around a node is fairly constant because it is limited by radio range and not by time.

      The radius of the observable universe is only limited by time and the speed of light.

      In fact the size of the observable universe expands with exactly one light-year per year. This means that by the time we can see any effect on these far away galaxies then the light from what is causing it will also have time to reach us.

      BTW: The article does in no place claim that these galaxies are still accelerating or still being affected by anything outside our observable universe.

      As is quite common the person writing the summary did not quite understand what (s)he is summarizing.

      What they claim is that they have detected a velocity (not an acceleration) that cannot be explained by anything in our observable universe.

      And that the most likely explanation is that something affected these parts of the universe before (or during) the inflation stage of the Big Bang and that we still can see the remnants of this effect in the excess speed of these far away galaxies.

    21. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by Ambitwistor · · Score: 2, Interesting

      If the speed of gravity is equal to the speed of light, no measurement no matter how precise will ever tell us if the former is equal, above, or below the latter. The error bars will always include above c and below c, even if they're incredibly small.

      Our indirect measurements indicate that the speed of gravity is the speed of light, to within about 1% accuracy.

    22. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by orclevegam · · Score: 1

      The theories being put forth to explain this are predicate on "B" being something that pre-dates the big bang, and is outside the formation of our light cone. Essentially, it's sitting at negative time, so even though we can see all the way back to 0 time we cannot see what existed prior to that. As it exists outside the expanding bubble of space time we exist within, it's really a complete wild card, no telling if anything outside our space time bubble even follows the same or similar physical rules. For all we know when our space time bubble collides with some of this pre-big bang "matter", it instantly gets converted into a equivalent quantity of gravitons within our space time. It's really all wild speculation, but since we have no way to observe anything that existed prior to the big bang, and cannot observe directly anything outside our light cone, it's doubtful this will ever be solved short of some amazing physics breakthrough like the grand unified field theory (or maybe warp drive/wormholes).

      --
      Curiosity was framed, Ignorance killed the cat.
    23. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by orclevegam · · Score: 1

      Gravity falls off with distance, and we have yet to create a graviton (if they even exist) detector. For all we know, the gravitons (or whatever) have reached us, we just don't have any way to detect it. There's other ways of explaining this as well, some hinted at in the article (such as whatever it is perturbing space time).

      --
      Curiosity was framed, Ignorance killed the cat.
    24. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by n3tcat · · Score: 1

      absolutely right. basically this is like finding out an apple is sitting on a table because we see the red light bouncing off the table. Not because we see the red light bouncing off the apple itself.

    25. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The further away from us an object is, the further in the past we are seeing. Our cone of light expands at the speed of light, and the fastest the interaction between objects A and B is the speed of light. Therefore, by the time whatever force travels from B to A and light travels from A to the observer, we will be able to see B where it was at the point of the interaction, even if it moves away right afterward.

    26. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by michaelwv · · Score: 1

      Not within the context of the current expansion of the Universe. Indirectly observable counts as observable and no information can propagate through spacetime faster than light. However, spacetime itself can expand faster than the speed of light and, in fact, did so dramatically during the first fractions of a second after the big bang. The authors speculate that such large velocities could have been imprinted at that the time by mass concentrations that were expanded to be outside our horizon during this early inflation.

    27. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by IorDMUX · · Score: 1

      I've got an honest question, though, left over from my woefully incomplete days of relativity and such:

      Let's say we are able to observe an object 'A' right at the edge of our directly observable universe (say, 13GLY). Object 'B' is another 1GLY further away along the same line, and influences the behavior of B. Since information cannot travel faster than the speed of light, how could we be seeing the actions of B? It would take at least 1G years for information to travel from B to A, and then another 13G years for light to travel from A to us. For us to be observing something now, we would need to fall in the light cone of B, which is impossible as that would put the actions of B on A before the beginning of our universe.

      Any thoughts on that?

      --
      >> Standing on head makes smile of frown, but rest of face also upside down.
    28. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by ethanms · · Score: 1

      Given an expanding universe -- since nothing can travel faster than light (and c is finite) and the universe has a finite age there is a limit to how far you can "see" in any direction from any given vantage point

      I've had my head in the sand for too long, so I've never really thought about this, so correct me (or ignore me) if I'm really off base...

      We're at Point A.

      Something else is at Point B, which is 5bn light years from Point A.

      Observable energy at Point B only came into being 4.999bn years ago.

      Result is that we, at Point A, can not yet "see" Point B because it's observable emissions have not been in existence long enough to have traveled at the speed of light to our location.

      So gravity affects things faster then light right? Because wouldn't that be the only way to observe gravitational affects on other observable objects which are closer to Point B then we are? (i.e. objects that have observable emissions that are older then then distance from us, so an object that is say 4.75bn light years from Point A and 0.25bn light years from Point B).

      Oy I have a headache... it's a good thing I dig holes for a living that's all I can say :^)

    29. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by BradleyAndersen · · Score: 1

      B caused a change in A before 13 BLYA. We see A behaving as a result of that change, but we still see A behaving 13 BLYA.

    30. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Since he's failing to grasp simple concepts such as the "light cone", as explained by many people already, please scroll up to warrax 666's "Score:5, Informative" comment above and mod him down (use overrated, it doesn't affect karma).

      It's a little mean, but it may prevent teaching people incorrect facts about our universe.

    31. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by Kagura · · Score: 1

      According to our current understanding of physics, the situation you describe can't actually occur. It is impossible for two pieces of matter to be moving apart at c.

      If the acceleration of dark energy is increasing, then according to Hubble's Law, objects at the "Hubble Limit" will essentially be receding from the Earth at the speed of light, and will be outside of our observable universe's event horizon forever. As viewed from earth, the object would continue red-shifting forever, like an object that falls into a black hole.

    32. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 1

      If the acceleration of dark energy is increasing, then according to Hubble's Law [wikipedia.org], objects at the "Hubble Limit" will essentially be receding from the Earth at the speed of light, and will be outside of our observable universe's event horizon forever. As viewed from earth, the object would continue red-shifting forever, like an object that falls into a black hole.

      Oddly enough, the "observable universe" is considerably larger than the Hubble Limit. By a factor of three or so, I find in Wikipedia. Which leads me to suspect your conclusion.

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    33. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by Kagura · · Score: 1

      Perhaps you haven't heard of the LIGO pair, one of several gravitational wave detectors in the world today.

      Everything that moves through space causes a change in the warping of spacetime that is akin to moving your finger across the top of a pool. The information of the new location of the gravitational field propagates from a moving object at the speed of gravity (pretty much c). On earth, only extremely massive and exceedingly fast-moving objects create gravitational waves that are large enough for us to detect. Such candidates for detection are coalescing black holes or coalescing neutron stars, and even then they are only detectable with current technology during the last few seconds of coalescation, when the objects are barely more distant than their own event horizons, and therefore orbiting the fasted.

      Also, I made up the word coalescation. It doesn't really exist.

    34. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by IorDMUX · · Score: 1

      Yes, but what I am saying is that if the information had time to get from B to A and then from A to us, so does light/information from B, and therefore we should see B. It's the principle of the Light cone, which also applies to information in general.

      --
      >> Standing on head makes smile of frown, but rest of face also upside down.
    35. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      The original poster was somewhat correct. The Hubble radius is just an approximation to the actual location of the cosmological horizon. Something at the horizon is indeed at infinite redshift, much like something at the event horizon of a black hole. However, we can't see anything at the cosmological horizon because we can't see farther (earlier) than the cosmic background radiation, because the universe was opaque to light before that. Also, objects that are on the horizon at one time will not remain on the horizon at another time. They may pass behind it, or they may enter into our observable universe, depending on whether the expansion is accelerating or decelerating.

    36. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by orclevegam · · Score: 1

      Interesting, although perhaps not applicable in this case. From reading the article it sounds like the signal to noise ration of these things is pretty low, so although as you point out they could detect really massive gravitational waves there mostly useless for general detection. Were the system put in orbit I imagine its accuracy would improve somewhat although I'm mostly just speculating. This also doesn't detect the theoretical graviton, although from a practical standpoint the difference between a graviton and a gravitational wave is much like debating the difference between a laser and a photon.
      At any rate, we're still left back at square one where we don't have anything that could realistically measure the gravitational waves being emitted (if that is in fact what's happening in this case) by something beyond the edge of our universe.

      --
      Curiosity was framed, Ignorance killed the cat.
    37. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by Kagura · · Score: 1

      Due to relativity, an object outside of the Hubble Volume will redshift further and further, just like an object that falls into a blackhole observed from the outside.

    38. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by Kagura · · Score: 1

      I think I misunderstood you. Did you think my conclusion was suspect, or did you come to my same conclusion? I thought the former. :/

    39. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by wurp · · Score: 1

      Likewise, any other effect that we know of, all of which are limited to lightspeed.

      This is offtopic, but I thought you might be interested. In fact, some effects which do not carry information appear to travel faster than light. See the EPR (Einstein-Podolski-Rosen) paradox.

      I personally believe in the Everett Relative State (aka Many Worlds) interpretation of QM, in which those "paradoxes" don't involve information traveling faster than light. But from a classical point of view, the information about which way a polarized filter is oriented appears to travel faster than light.

      (Of course, that's just one of many cases which EPR applies to, but it's the standard one.)

    40. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by halcyon1234 · · Score: 1

      Yes, it would. Gravity works at lightspeed also

      Not flaming, but in the interest of my own education, citation please? I've always wanted to know if gravity propagates instantaneously or at light speed (or any other speed), but the only answer I've ever gotten from physics profs and other research is "Probably, but we don't know".

      Since gravity is such a weak force, there isn't any reliable way of clocking it. You can detect it fine over a short distance, but then Finish-Start is so small that any time measurements you'll get will be too wild due to measurement errors in your timekeeping devices. Over any distance long enough to overcome the measurement errors, gravity is too weak to detect at the end point (diminishing at an inverse square rate).

      Caveat being that the last time I looked into this was about 4-5 years ago. If there has been any new developments in this area, I'd love to read about it.

    41. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      Some references in this post.

      According to general relativity, it definitely propagates at c. Whether that's true in reality is harder to answer. The best we have is indirect evidence, based on the rate at which energy is radiated away gravitationally in a binary star system. The answer is close to c. If we ever detect gravitational waves with LIGO, we'll have a direct measurement. (The LIGO detectors are thousands of kilometers apart, large enough that the difference can be timed.)

    42. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by zyzzyx1 · · Score: 1

      Which, AFAICT, means one of three things:
      1. The influence occurred *before* the "inflation" (FTL universe expansion) which is what TFA suggests.
      2. The influence comes from hyperspace -- which I think would fit with the fact that the researchers claim that there is no difference in speed depending on distance from the apparent "target" of these clusters' movement. TFA concludes instead that the influence comes from something very far away and so the difference is vanishingly small.
      3. There is some sort of systematic error in the observation, which seems not unreasonable given the (apparently) roundabout way they're measuring velocity (not that I understand the method at all, it just sounds that way from the article), and would also fit with the uniform speed.

    43. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by harryjohnston · · Score: 1

      Yes, it would. Gravity works at lightspeed also, so any gravitic effect on an observable object must be detectable at the observer, making the influencing object "observable".

      Absolutely true. However, my guess is that what the original researchers really mean is that the "something" causing the dark flow is now outside of the observable Universe.

      Just as we can't see anything that's fallen into a black hole, but might still be able to deduce its existence by the effect it had on objects in the past, we might be able to deduce the existence of something that has left our observable universe by the effect it had on other objects before it did.

    44. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by theverylastperson · · Score: 1

      But can those horse apples travel faster than the speed of light?

      Yes they can.
      If Horse Apple A was going one direction at 3/4 of the speed of light in relation to Horse Apple B.
      And if Horse Apple C was going in the opposite direction past Horse Apple B at 3/4 the speed of light, then an observer on Horse Apple A would in fact see Horse Apple C passing at 1 1/2 the speed of light.

      So Horse Apple A and Horse Apple C are traveling away from each other at a speed greater than light in relation to their speed passing Horse Apple B.

      My advice; Buy the horse and sell it's waste products to NASA for the shuttle replacement. Then they can be hot shit astronauts.

      --
      ed duval the very last person
    45. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 1

      But can those horse apples travel faster than the speed of light?

      Yes they can. If Horse Apple A was going one direction at 3/4 of the speed of light in relation to Horse Apple B. And if Horse Apple C was going in the opposite direction past Horse Apple B at 3/4 the speed of light, then an observer on Horse Apple A would in fact see Horse Apple C passing at 1 1/2 the speed of light.

      So Horse Apple A and Horse Apple C are traveling away from each other at a speed greater than light in relation to their speed passing Horse Apple B.

      Umm, no, they can't. Per Special Relativity, if one of them is going .75c one way, the other is going .75c the other way (both relative to a single object), they are moving at 0.96c relative to each other.

      So, they're not moving at greater than lightspeed relative to each other, and are both observable to the other.

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    46. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by GaryPatterson · · Score: 1

      The speed of light has been reduced to almost walking pace in some materials. I can run faster than light (provided I'm not travelling through the same medium). In fact, I believe light was stopped in a form of diamond recently (can't find the supporting link though).

      I'm being a bit silly, but you may want to look up Cerenkov radiation and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox.

    47. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by Eivind · · Score: 1

      No. That's not true. Remember that the observable limit recedes at c too.

      Imagine objects A B C spatially arranged on a line, with a distance of 1 ly.

      If this universe is 1.5 years old, B can "see" A and C, but they can't see oneanother. So far so good.

      But if something happens at A that influences B, it'll take 1 year *before* it influences B. And *another* year before C can observe that influence. By this time it can however observe A directly too.

      Put differently, photons (or anything else) don't get any quicker from A to C by bouncing off the surface of B, that makes no sense at all.

      Yes, expansion makes more of a mess of it, but it doesn't change the basic facts.

      If you can observe X having an influence on Y, then you are observing X. Seriously.

    48. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Both of those are assumptions. If they were true, there wouldn't be a logical explaination for tachyons.

      Who cares if there's a logical explanation for tachyons, since we don't have evidence for any?

      Anyway, even if tachyons existed you'd never actually observe anything traveling faster than light; see this FAQ.

      In other dimensions things DO move faster then light.

      Says who? In any relativistic quantum field theory or string theory, c is the limit in any dimension.

      Furthermore, the speed of gravity is much greater then c.

      van Flandern's website is a bunch of crackpot nonsense. He was pretty notorious on Usenet for years. He misapplies perturbation theory; if you apply his same arguments to electromagnetism, you "conclude" that light travels faster than light too (see here). In fact, you can rigorously prove in general relativity that the speed of gravity cannot exceed c (see here, assuming that the gravitational waves aren't produced by weird things like negative mass). The 1993 Nobel prize in physics was awarded, in part, for an observational determination of the speed of gravity. (You can deduce it by the rate at which gravitational energy is radiated by orbiting bodies.) The measurements indicate that the speed of gravity is c, to within a few percent accuracy.

      The speed of light limit has some caveats. Wormholes, which Relativity predicts, offer a way out. You dont need to actually travel faster than light, if you can find shortcuts through other dimensions. The physicist Kip Thorne formulated the mathematics of transversable wormholes. Just because its something beyond out current physics, doesnt mean that FTL cant exist. After all, do any of you really think that the current theories are entirely correct? Just like Newton was supplanted by Einstein, so Einstein will be supplanted one day. The fact is, if you take brane theory into account there could be other universes where our laws of physics dont even apply, and if a wormhole bridge can exist between them, not only FTL but time travel is a real possibility. As a matter of fact, Theoretical physicists like Kaku state that, with cosmic censorship in place, that FTL and time travel are a real possibility.

    49. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      The speed of light limit has some caveats. Wormholes, which Relativity predicts, offer a way out.

      That loophole requires exactly the kind of "weird things like negative mass" I mentioned, or else the wormhole collapses before you can use it that way.

      If you believe in stable negative matter, feel free ...

      After all, do any of you really think that the current theories are entirely correct?

      No, but that doesn't mean I think they're incorrect in a way that violates relativistic causality. It's like saying, "You don't believe current science is entirely correct, right? So why don't you believe in perpetual motion devices, magic, and invisible pink unicorns?"

      The fact is, if you take brane theory into account there could be other universes where our laws of physics dont even apply, and if a wormhole bridge can exist between them, not only FTL but time travel is a real possibility.

      The fundamental laws of physics apply everywhere in braneworld scenarios, although different string vacua can have different physical constants and such leading to different "effective laws". In particular, all string solutions obey the usual relativistic constraints on the speed of light, everywhere. String theory is defined to be a relativistic theory.

      String theory doesn't offer a magic escape for people who want to believe in FTL and time travel. It requires the same kind of bizarre "exotic matter" that GR does. When you find some, let me know. The only other known examples are unstable solutions like the extended Kerr geometry; as soon as you perturb it by allowing real matter and radiation to mess up the idealized solution, it's no longer usable.

    50. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by Daniel+Kellis · · Score: 1

      Nice explanation. I see a third possibility, besides from the historical effect of something now outside the observable universe because of inflation, or from the current effect of dark matter inside the visible universe. If a huge mass of ordinary matter were hiding in the un-ionized region just within the observable universe, but outside the visible universe, it could effect the motion of visible objects through gravity, even though any light it produced would be blocked by the curtain of atoms and molecules that shrouds the origin (real or apparent, depending on your world view) of time from sight.

    51. Re:I think you're misinterpreting... by BradleyAndersen · · Score: 1

      Sorry about the delay in responding, as I just saw this. Though I would love to be, I am no physicist - you surely know much more about this than do I. My first thought in response to your question though is this: let's say we have our infinitesimally-small universe that is acted upon by something inside a common, larger, or nearby universe. (I pictured this as two dots inside a larger circle on paper) ... when the action happens, then the big bang happens, the big bang causes our dot to explode in all directions at once. Perhaps that act consumed the object that acted upon our dot. I.e., the big bang consumed, and thus destroyed that information in its earlier form?

  68. does any one remember !? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    the ending of the first MIB movie... :-P

  69. which space? between galaxies or atoms? by cheekyboy · · Score: 1

    Does that mean the size of an apple gets larger? or the distance between two apples gets larger? What is it the atom radius? or the distance between galaxies?

    --
    Liberty freedom are no1, not dicks in suits.
    1. Re:which space? between galaxies or atoms? by meringuoid · · Score: 4, Informative
      Does that mean the size of an apple gets larger? or the distance between two apples gets larger? What is it the atom radius? or the distance between galaxies?

      What is happening is that the underlying geometry of space is expanding. Best estimate of the rate of expansion is something like 72 kilometres per second per megaparsec. So if two objects are one million parsecs apart (that's 3.26 million lightyears), then one second later they'll be one million parsecs and 72 kilometres apart.

      In addition, objects in that space are free to move within it, and so if they are subject to mechanical forces they'll follow those forces just as normal. So atoms and apples are held together by their internal electromagnetism, and the Solar System by the gravitational attraction between the Sun and the planets. Objects like these drift along with cosmic expansion, but do not themselves expand.

      It's only on the cosmic scale that the universal expansion becomes significant. Remember, we're talking kilometres per second per megaparsec - on such a huge scale, forces pulling objects together drop to tiny levels, while the expansion of space becomes greater and greater. The Andromeda Galaxy is only two-thirds of a megaparsec away, and so the cosmic expansion is small compared to the local motion of the galaxies - indeed, we're on a collision course with Andromeda. The largest known object in the Universe, the Great Wall, is maybe a hundred times more distant; on this scale, the cosmic expansion becomes significant. It's really the distance between galactic clusters and superclusters which is being expanded.

      --
      Real Daleks don't climb stairs - they level the building.
  70. Why does all matter have to reflect light? by master_p · · Score: 1

    Perhaps there are billions of planetary bodies out there are they are not reflective enough to show up on our telescopes. Perhaps there is no "dark matter" or "dark energy" or "dark flow", only dark planets. And these are so numerous, that they exert a tremendous gravitational attraction, but we can not see them.

    1. Re:Why does all matter have to reflect light? by not-my-real-name · · Score: 1

      These are called Massive Compact Halo Objects or MACHOs and can be detected by gravitational lensing.
      MACHO

      --
      un-ALTERED reproduction and dissimination of this IMPORTANT information is ENCOURAGED
  71. Referencing a pop fantasy video game by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I like to call it "the twisting nether."

  72. Reminds me of Seth by new_breed · · Score: 1

    The Seth books from the 70's already mentioned strange stuff like this.. In short, as our tools and science advances, we'll see more things that point in the direction of an 'unseen universe', a 5th dimension. But because our tools are part of the camouflage dimension we're in, we can't use them to probe the 'real' universe. Interesting stuff, to me anyhow!

  73. this is where we discover that by advocate_one · · Score: 1

    the entire universe is just a single sphere of e-ink in another dimension, and the display is currently changing state so that everything in our universe is going to rush up against one end...

    --
    Donald 'Duck' Dunn: We had a band powerful enough to turn goat piss into gasoline.
  74. Azathoth has been located by Denial93 · · Score: 1

    Your mind mercifully fails to grasp the full meaning of this horrific new vista now opened by our misguided science. Clearly, that vile spawn of nuclear Chaos hinted at in the dread Necronomicon of the Mad Arab Abdul Alhazred, and gracefully masked behind the name Azathoth, has been located. Worship it with frantic incantations at the Altars of Madness, puny mortals, to make sure you're eaten first and do not suffer for Aeons in the eldritch grasp of material insanity.

    Phn'glui mglw'nafh Cthulhu Rlyeh wgahnagl fhtagn!

    1. Re:Azathoth has been located by Eli+Gottlieb · · Score: 1

      Yes. Please keep telling the hu-mans that our fleet is a horrifying "god" of some sort. We will make sure to exterminate you first.

      EXTERMINATE! EXTERMINATE!

  75. Not new by elfguy · · Score: 2, Funny

    This is not new and has even been filmed before:

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LyzIau5dBao

  76. mod parent up by marcosdumay · · Score: 1

    Ok, I have no mod opints here, but please, somebody mod the paent up. In lay-man words, he has just explained how this experiment doesn't prove time travel is possible (wht the summary leads one to wrongly think it does).

    1. Re:mod parent up by Karma+Bandit · · Score: 1

      Yes, mod him up. I was thoroughly confused before I read his post. Now there's an interpretation that seems plausible.

  77. Presumption by Oligonicella · · Score: 1

    All of this hinges on the certainty of a sect of scientists that assumes the red shifting we presume is caused by recession is not caused by something else.

  78. Dr Seuss science by noshellswill · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Must be grant-writing season. Fairy-tales compounding fantasy multiplying speculation. I believe it's dark chocolate not dark matter that attracts medium-scale astronomical structures. That and strawberries ....

    1. Re:Dr Seuss science by psychicninja · · Score: 1

      You're right! Trying to find explanations for observed phenomena isn't what science is about. WTF to these scientists think they're doing?~ 4 Insightful, eh mods?

  79. Here Be Dragons by 4D6963 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Therefore, claiming that there could be "giant, massive structures much larger than anything in our own observable universe" just outside this bubble seems somewhat... convenient.

    "giant, massive structures much larger than anything in our own observable universe" is the new "here be dragons".

    --
    You just got troll'd!
    1. Re:Here Be Dragons by genner · · Score: 1

      Therefore, claiming that there could be "giant, massive structures much larger than anything in our own observable universe" just outside this bubble seems somewhat... convenient.

      "giant, massive structures much larger than anything in our own observable universe" is the new "here be dragons".

      Unobservable space dragons.
      I think I finally came up with a band name.

  80. Gravistar by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "Gravistar"
    I find it funny that this has not gotten more traction, but the "Gavistar" theory explains why our universe is expanding (more importantly - accelerating) without having to buy into hokey science fiction concepts like "dark matter" or now "dark flow". Research it on your own but in short a team of mathematicians set out on a goal to mathematically describe the phenomenon we know today as the Black Hole. They found an equation that fits perfectly and when they stepped back and looked at the physical model this equation was describing, it was a spherical but hollow object (like an empty egg) having a shell of very dense matter having strong enough gravitational forces on the outside surface and equally on the inside surface of its shell. The twist to thier own suprise was if you drastically increased the size of the Gravistar model so much so that the entire universe can fit inside it, you'll realize that the forces accelerating our galaxies to the edges of the universe is not "dark matter", rather it is the gravitational pull towards the inside edges of this super-mega-Gravistar. Theory goes on to suggest that we are possibly inside the formation or birth of a mega-Gravistar where the remaining matter or collapsing core "us" is still being absorbed into the formation of the inner shell. Call me consistent, but I'd believe in mathematics before I'd believe in magical concepts like fairy dusk, dark matter, and the singularity.

    1. Re:Gravistar by fracai · · Score: 1

      Basic physics explains that anything inside the sphere will receive an equal pull from all directions. I'll assume it's clear why this is the case if you're in the very center. If you're anywhere else the proportion of mass on one side of you balances out with the distance. Even if you are really close to one side of the sphere the mass is incredibly low compared to the sum of the mass on the other side of you, even given the distance between you and the other side.

      Also, "google gravistar" yields 1 link on the first page that don't look like game or screen name references. That link is a passing reference used as a literary comparison. Adding "black hole" doesn't exactly bring forth the published papers I would have expected.

      Finally, whenever I see "Research it on your own, but", my skeptic helmet comes on. It's the /. equivalent of "I'll get modded down for this, but". I'm not blinded to the intent in either case.

      Any reputable links to start off our "own research"?

      --
      -- i am jack's amusing sig file
  81. ok, more questions. by Ryogo · · Score: 0

    that is all nice, but I bring up the question of what these huge structures are, if they aren't stars. Is this how the universe is expanding, because of huge structures that should be where nothing is? ... I want to see that math behind this

  82. At least the Earth was saved by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I heard Lucas jettisoned the unused Jar Jar Binks footage from Episode 2 into that region of space and it sucked so bad that it's actually drawing galaxies towards it like a massive black hole. The first attempt to view the footage resulted in a localized singularity that cost the lives of several editors. It was after that unfortunate incident that Lucas decided it was safer to launch the extra footage into the intergalactic void. It's rumored one surviving can of film was placed next to the lost Ark but most believe it was just a myth and hopefully Harrison Ford is too old to go looking for it. Panic spread when a title showed up on line for Indy 5, "Indiana Jones and the Lost Outtakes" but the rumor was quickly denied by Speilberg although Lucas has refused to comment.

  83. Re:I'm no astronomer (Dark Crystal) by n1ckml007 · · Score: 1

    I think I saw a movie about this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dark_Crystal/

  84. Space-time curvature by bonezuk · · Score: 1

    If my understanding is correct, although in all probability I could be completely wrong, then according to Einstein's general theory of relativity space-time is curved such that if I were to travel in a straight line across the breadth of the universe then I would eventually arrive at the same point in space from where I originally started.

    Thus in respect to the galaxy cluster that is being pulled by an "unobservable mass" outside the observable universe relative to ourselves would not that mass, or at least the effects of that mass (if it is dark matter), be observable by looking for it in the opposite direction.

    For example: Say I make an observation at the North Pole that galaxy cluster A, sighted directly above the North Pole, is moving away from us towards an unobservable mass B that appears to be outside of our universe. Then drawing a line from where I am at the North Pole through cluster A and mass B and on then by the curvature of the universe surely that line would eventually travel the circumference of the universe until it passes through the South Pole and back to where I am standing at the North Pole. So if I want to see B (considering it is visible or its effects) then by making an observation from the South Pole back along our imaginary line in the opposite direction then I would surely be able observe B inside our observable universe.

  85. Speed of light by hal10000 · · Score: 1

    The article says we can only see 13,7 billion light years into our local bubble of space because of the limits of the speed of light. The same limit also applies to gravitation. If we can see the effects of some unknown gravitational source on light that has travelled for 13,7 billion years we should also be able to see the effect of this source of gravitation everywhere in a bubble with a radius of 13,7 billion lighyears around the objects we observe. That is: we should experience this source of gravitation locally (allthough it might be much weaker). There is also some confusion, I think, about the difference between time and distance. We measure distance as a function of time because of the constant speed of light, but this is not the same thing as actual distance. The actual size of the universe we observe is more like 78 billion light years, based on the particle horizon which is the distance to the farthest particle that we somehow can observere today.

  86. Gavastar by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "Gravastar"
    I find it funny that this has not gotten more traction, but the "Gavistar" theory explains why our universe is expanding (more importantly - accelerating) without having to buy into hokey science fiction concepts like "dark matter" or now "dark flow". Research it on your own but in short a team of mathematicians set out on a goal to mathematically describe the phenomenon we know today as the Black Hole. They found an equation that fits perfectly and when they stepped back and looked at the physical model this equation was describing, it was a spherical but hollow object (like an empty egg) having a shell of very dense matter having strong enough gravitational forces on the outside surface and equally on the inside surface of its shell. The twist to thier own suprise was if you drastically increased the size of the Gravistar model so much so that the entire universe can fit inside it, you'll realize that the forces accelerating our galaxies to the edges of the universe is not "dark matter", rather it is the gravitational pull towards the inside edges of this super-mega-Gravistar. Theory goes on to suggest that we are possibly inside the formation or birth of a mega-Gravistar where the remaining matter or collapsing core "us" is still being absorbed into the formation of the inner shell. Call me consistent, but I'd believe in mathematics before I'd believe in magical concepts like fairy dust, dark matter, and the singularity.

  87. The Universe is inside a Gravastar by obidobi · · Score: 1

    I really like this alternative to black holes

  88. someone said a pink sock by Windows_NT · · Score: 1

    I like the idea of taking a dimension away.. Like Z .. So everything is the same size now matter how far or close it is.
    Also, since we've found this 'dark matter' I wonder if it accounts for the socks gone missing in my dryer

    --
    Go go Gadget Nailgun!
    1. Re:someone said a pink sock by lysergic.acid · · Score: 1

      you should check out the book (or better yet, the movie) Flatland by Edwin Abbott Abbott. it's basically a sci-fi satire about a hypothetical 2D universe. Isaac Asimov himself endorsed the novella as "the best introduction one can find into the manner of perceiving dimensions."

      it discusses how 2D universe beings would perceive 3D beings and goes into great detail about how life in the 2D universe would be different from ours. for instance, a 3D being would be able to look directly at the insides of a 2D being, and if we tried to enter the 2D universe the native 2D beings would simply perceive us as a changing 2D shape.

      the book makes a lot of interesting observations about the relationship between 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D. it also gives one insight on how we might perceive 4D beings/objects.

      the book itself is a bit culturally outdated, as evidenced by its misogynistic attitudes, but the 2007 movie (not the Martin Sheen short film, but the feature-length indie film) does a pretty good job updating it for contemporary audiences while retaining the original spirit of the book.

    2. Re:someone said a pink sock by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      the book itself is a bit culturally outdated, as evidenced by its misogynistic attitudes

      You said yourself its a satire. You didn't read things like the placing of women at the bottom of the hierarchy as part of its social commentary?

    3. Re:someone said a pink sock by lysergic.acid · · Score: 1

      because the novel is satirical in nature, the 2007 film adaptation was able to play off the sexist elements as intentional satire. but in the original novel this was not so.

      i'm sure that making all women shrill, 1-dimensional, emotionally volatile beings easily given to bouts of uncontrollable hysteria was meant as some sort of social commentary on the difference between the genders. but it was certainly not conveying a progressive attitude about women.

      i mean, the book was written in 1884, after all.

    4. Re:someone said a pink sock by Digital+End · · Score: 1

      you should check out the book (or better yet, the movie)

      I don't think I've ever seen those words in that order

      --
      Beware of he who would deny you access to information, for in his heart, he dreams himself your master.
  89. That's no superstructure... by Eli+Gottlieb · · Score: 1

    That's a space fleet!

    Hang on, I'm getting an audio IM... well would you look at that, it's the fleet, and they've got a message for humanity... why do I hear a choir singing "Oh mah korei!"? Let me transcribe the message for Slashdot's readers...

    "EX-TER-MINATE. EX-TER-MINATE. EX-TER-MINATE."

    *CARRIER FAILURE*

    Member of in-ferior species hu-man known as Eli Gottlieb has been EX-TERRRMINATED.

  90. When we get this close to the truth by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    They move us to a bigger terrarium.

  91. Limit of knowledge by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

    For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith the LORD.

    It's just more human arrogance to assume that what we can currently (or ever) observe constitutes the entire scope of existence. People laugh today at those who thought the earth was flat. Columbus thought he found the Indies. We've discovered that the solar system doesn't revolve around the earth and the galaxy doesn't revolve around the solar system. The reality is that our scientific observations are limited by our tools and our assumptions. Our imaginations are not so limited.

    We can speculate all we want about what is "out there" and the effort to expand our knowledge and understanding of the world is a wonderful thing. I would just encourage those who feel it necessary to ridicule religion and/or faith to consider the idea that it is possible that our universe/universes are more complex and interesting than we could ever possibly comprehend. Not saying that we shouldn't try, just that you might want to consider the limits of our intelligence before deciding that the concept of God is such a silly idea.

    Do I have 'proof'? Nope, but it is my contention that God is outside our ability to fully comprehend or observe. If God is truly the creator, and we consider the vastness, complexity, and beauty of our observable universe, I do not believe that that theory is really that much of a stretch.

    Certainly no more so than "dark flows".

  92. Re:Different Universes (norse mythology) by MightyYar · · Score: 2, Funny

    Once I did that 3 times in a row

    You're a WITCH!

    --
    W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
  93. Obviously... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    They can only speculate on what the material is and how space might differ there: "In these regions, space-time might be very different, and likely doesn't contain stars and galaxies..."

    Obviously, it's fluidic space, and Species 8472 are coming for us.

  94. Source Wall by esnow1900 · · Score: 1

    It's obvious. It's the Source behind the Source Wall. Highfather's staff is stuck in the wall and Superman once got stuck in the Source. No mystery.

  95. Bubbles and more bubbles ..... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Jesus. First it was the dot-com bubble bursting, then the sub-prime bubble, then the credit-default-swap bubble. Now you tell me we all live in a space-time bubble. When is it gonna burst?

  96. Would that explain.... by snspdaarf · · Score: 1

    ...the warnings from Ross Perot of a giant sucking sound?

    --
    Why, without your clothes, you're naked, Miss Dudley!
  97. Dark Energy? by BigGar' · · Score: 1

    Would this be a partial explanation for the "Dark Energy" Phenomenon?

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

    --


    Shop smart, Shop S-Mart.
    1. Re:Dark Energy? by michaelwv · · Score: 1

      No. Dark Energy refers to whatever is causing the recent accelerated expansion of the Universe, which started roughly 5 billion years ago. Before this time there was no evidence for any such accelerated expansion and the dynamics of the Universe appear consistent with our standard understanding of gravity and the mass in the Universe.

    2. Re:Dark Energy? by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      You're right that this isn't an explanation of dark energy. However, it's not correct to say there is no evidence for any earlier accelerated expansion. The inflationary phase of the universe was just such a period (with a much, much greater rate of expansion than dark energy today). Inflation does have evidential support, although much of it is indirect.

    3. Re:Dark Energy? by michaelwv · · Score: 1

      Yes. I will definitely agree that there is strong indirect evidence for the first inflationary period lasting fractions of a second. In between then and 5 billion years ago, there is no clear evidence for any suspiciously accelerated or decelerated phase. But, of course, part of the entire challenge of determining the nature of dark energy is to determine if there perhaps was indeed some variation that our current techniques haven't yet been sensitive to. This is the billion-dollar question.

  98. But expansion increases with distance by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So the far "galaxy" is disappearing faster and so getting further away quicker.

  99. But distances CAN increase quicker by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    than the speed of light.

    There's a horizon where the age of the universe hasn't given light enough time to travel from "there" to here. there's also another horizon that is where the Hubble constant has the "retreating" galaxy going faster than the speed of light.

    And likely another Horizon if inflation is true that is the horizon of what USED to be within our light cone before inflation started but is now currently out of our light cone after inflation. Some of this is at a distance less than the "hubble" horizon and so after a while will be overtaken by our light cone and then we can see it.

    Which horizon this dark sucking matter is is anyone's guess, I guess.

    1. Re:But distances CAN increase quicker by 49152 · · Score: 2, Informative

      As someone else pointed out this is exactly what the article is talking about.

      Something influenced these galaxies around the time of inflation to give them a very high speed. Since then inflation has moved that something outside our observable universe (or lightcone if you will).

      But what I was answering to was the claim that someone somehow was able to see something being influenced by something else outside our observable universe. I fail to see how this could be correct even considering inflation or the continuous expansion of time-space itself.

      BTW: The article does not actually claim that anything outside our observable universe is still affecting these galaxies, only that something must have done at some time.

      The article says that these far away galaxies are being observed to have an unexplained velocity not an unexplained acceleration.

      The cause and effect took place a long time ago and that part of space time is probably not inside our observable universe anymore.

  100. Observable by SporkLand · · Score: 1

    Cool post.

    Isn't it true that if something "unobservable" is exerting an effect on observable things, then it is also observable? Maybe directly observable is the term that was meant in the summary, but I guess the follow on question to that is why are directly and indirectly different?

    1. Re:Observable by spacefiddle · · Score: 1

      i think - and i am not certain, this is only my understanding of the term - that the effect must be in some way observable, which is to say measurable or quantifiable. "Something's doing something somehow" doesn't count unless you can point to the mechanism or agent of the Something.

  101. Ia! Ia! by Chibi+Merrow · · Score: 1

    i'm guessing it's probably not possible for biological life to form in such a radically different environment, but then again maybe i just lack the imagination to conceive of such possibilities.

    Yes, your feeble man-brain cannot contain the glory of the infernal court of Azathoth...

    [O]utside the ordered universe [is] that amorphous blight of nethermost confusion which blasphemes and bubbles at the center of all infinity--the boundless daemon sultan Azathoth, whose name no lips dare speak aloud, and who gnaws hungrily in inconceivable, unlighted chambers beyond time and space amidst the muffled, maddening beating of vile drums and the thin monotonous whine of accursed flutes.

    --
    Maxim: People cannot follow directions.
    Increases in truth directly with the length of time spent explaining them
  102. Hmm... by vegiVamp · · Score: 1

    "Dark flow" eh ? So the universe is female, after all ?

    --
    What a depressingly stupid machine.
  103. Who linked a stargate to a black hole? by Joe+The+Dragon · · Score: 1

    Who linked a stargate to a black hole? We need find a way to shut it down before it gets to us.

  104. Sorry, I disagree by RichiH · · Score: 1

    Your reply is witty, but lacking in a few aspects:

    1) You are limiting yourself to physics. While my parent did the same, I did not.

    2) You do not have to fully understand something in order to be able to use it. Take the Riemann hypothesis. Or gravity.

    3) How well will the barmaid, the grandmother and the six-year-old understand the topic? Will that knowledge remain? Will they be able to explain it, themselves?

    I agree with what these quotes are saying, but I do not think they are applicable in this case.

    1. Re:Sorry, I disagree by drerwk · · Score: 1

      Well, I only quote physicists, and am familiar with those quotes being one. But, I think that it is relevant to other topics; I would like to understand macro economics to a better degree and need explanations at the described level.

      You are right that the explanation will not confer a great deal of knowledge, but at in my case, a good lecture spurred me to study in more depth.

      As to our medicine majoring parent's original comment on dark matter, I think that we know quite a bit more about DM than we ever did the aether. We know that it exists, we know it is not likely MACHOS, we know its apparent magnitude and so on. He really needed to leave out 'unobserable' in his list.

  105. Eccentric, Ulterior by spacefiddle · · Score: 1

    Time to read Excession again.

  106. The answer's simple by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

    It's outside our observable universe and is large...it must be God

  107. MOD PARENT UP by wurp · · Score: 0

    He is right: my light cone, per special relativity, is the boundary beyond which things can have *no effect on me whatsoever*. Any effect coming from the other side of the light cone would allow communication back in time from some frames of reference, and all the fucked-up things that come with that.

    If information is traversing the light cone, relativity is wrong.

    I do have a BS in Physics and strong interest in relativity, but I am not a physicist.

  108. Might this put us back on the path to a Big Crunch by Dr.+Scatterplot · · Score: 1

    If I remember right, the question of whether we're in an open or closed Universe was "settled" in the last ten years after scientists determined that there's not enough dark matter to give the Universe sufficient mass to contract again. If observed mass is the only evidence that we're in an inflationary Universe, it seems reasonable to suppose that this new finding could change that interpretation, giving the Universe enough mass to begin contracting again some time in the distant future.

  109. dark shit by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    Dark energy, dark matter, dark flow, dark etc. Every new mystery is "dark X". The cause of the mortgage meltdown? Dark financing. Let's consolidate it all into "dark shit".
           

  110. Unless both tuna and cat are moving away by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    and the tuna moving faster than the cat.

  111. Re:Might this put us back on the path to a Big Cru by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

    This new theory supports the standard inflationary picture. It doesn't introduce huge new amounts of mass that can collapse the universe. It just suggests that different parts of the universe pulled on each other during inflation.

  112. Another fudge to the theory by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    With more and more evidence that doesn't fit into their current model, why don't they just admit that the big bang theory ( it's epicycles all the way down ) is flawed and start fresh with open minds ?

    1. Re:Another fudge to the theory by MightyMartian · · Score: 1

      Do please explain how this is a problem for Big Bang cosmology.

      --
      The world's burning. Moped Jesus spotted on I50. Details at 11.
  113. Super-massive break rooms by TimeSpeak · · Score: 1

    More evidence that we're just probabilities of a particle of a coffee mug on some super-massive desk in the un-observable universe.

    --
    Am no fek Buddhist, but this is enlightenment.
  114. But... by Feanturi · · Score: 1

    "The structures responsible for this motion have been pushed so far away by inflation, I would guesstimate they may be hundreds of billions of light years away, that we cannot see even with the deepest telescopes because the light emitted there could not have reached us in the age of the universe," Kashlinsky said in a telephone interview.

    If these super structures are so far away that their light would not have reached us in the whole age of our universe, then how would their gravitational fields, which supposedly also travel at the speed of light, have any effect on our universe?

    1. Re:But... by Ambitwistor · · Score: 2, Informative

      There are huge comment threads here arguing over the same question.

      The answer is that their gravitational fields do not now have any effect on our observable universe. They used to. Pre-inflation, they could gravitationally influence us, and we could see them too. (Or we could, except for the fact that the universe was opaque back then.) Now we can't, because they expanded too far away.

    2. Re:But... by Creepy+Crawler · · Score: 1

      Who's to say they are "far away" in terms of distance?

      What if the string guys are right? There could be N dimensions representing any arbitrary particle and infinite influence, albeit minor, from other universes.

      --
  115. I had a dark flow once by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I stopped taking Alli after that.

  116. so... Dark flow == bull shit? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I don't know about you, but it depends on what I'm being fed as to how "dark" it is when revisted...

  117. To the Universe, and Beyond! by SleptThroughClass · · Score: 1

    Bacteria in boiling water is only useful if it's yummy. Our human forms need to spread off this planet before something interesting happens to the planet.

  118. Re:Great! Are you alluding to "Galactic Colo-Clean by davidsyes · · Score: 1

    processes? It seems the black holes suck, and these flows... flow... Equilibrium at work? Is there an equivalent to a cosmic intestinal tract?

    --
    Previously: "Linux... Toward the Sunrise..." Now: "Linux... Toward the-- No, now, part of Every Sunrise"
  119. Dark Candidate Matter by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If anything we don't know much about is dark (dark matter, dark energy, etc) this seems very fitting for our dark presidential candidate we know not much about.

  120. a steaming pile of horse apples by SpaceLifeForm · · Score: 1

    You got it. There is more to space than meets the eye.

    --
    You are being MICROattacked, from various angles, in a SOFT manner.
  121. Stupid stalker by wurp · · Score: 2, Informative

    Is someone following me around modding my stuff overrated? I wouldn't have minded if they had actually modded the factual parent post to which I referred up, or the incorrect ancestor +5 post down. As it is, they're just hiding the truth.

    CrimsonAvenger, modded at 2 (the parent in my MOD PARENT UP comment), has it completely right. Warrax, modded at 5 Informative, has it completely wrong.

    "Information can't travel faster than the speed of light" means just what it says. The impossibility of detecting changes outside your light cone is transitive - you can't detect changes outside your light cone, not even in the form of detecting changes to an object inside your light cone caused by an object outside your light cone.

    At least, per relativity, you can't. If you can, then relativity is wrong.

    1. Re:Stupid stalker by Kagura · · Score: 1

      I'll put my karma on the line. wurp is correct, and Warrax 666, the original starter of this line of threads, was incorrect. At the very least, mod wurp back up.

    2. Re:Stupid stalker by wurp · · Score: 1

      Thanks :-)

      I'm happy now, at least the correct information is modded up so people will see it and not just the incorrect info. Overrated mods don't affect karma anyway, I don't think.

  122. it's a nearby universe by pizpot · · Score: 1

    I know someone did their quantum physics phd on this, 20 years ago. She used red-shift information on 60,000 galaxies to notice that galaxies are pulled towards near-by universes. The review panel said, we can't verify your work because you used a mainframe to do batch calculations and how can we verify that?

  123. Aww crap! by wtansill · · Score: 1

    Someone pulled the plug. We're going to circle the drain for a bit and then disappear forever into the galactic sewer line...

    --
    The contest for ages has been to rescue liberty from the grasp of executive power. -- Daniel Webster
  124. 'Hubble discovers ring of dark matter' by Burz · · Score: 1

    There have been discoveries of dark matter, and they are at least understandable by lay people like myself. Here is a video of one.

    1. Re:'Hubble discovers ring of dark matter' by RichiH · · Score: 1

      As a German, I find his mixture of English and German accept very amusing. It's also a very interesting video cast. Thanks for the link.

  125. Obviously by bofh69 · · Score: 1

    It's the Foe's kugelblitz.

  126. Flanders meets Monty Python by OutOnARock · · Score: 1



    She turned me into a neutralino.....

    I got better.....

  127. God's address by idlehanz · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Now we know where He lives.

    --
    Changing the world... one research project at a time.
  128. fight tha power by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's Spiral Nemesis!

  129. Maaaayyybeee by shaitand · · Score: 1

    Our theories about space-time are wrong, based on a tiny sample of local phenomena, and it is a complete and utter waste of time and resources for us to even begin making calculations of this sort at this point.

    Maybe just maybe, its us who is wrong and not the amount of matter.

  130. Yog-Sothoth by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    who froths as primal slime in nuclear chaos beyond the nethermost outposts of space and time!

  131. Crapper by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It is Gods Colon....

  132. Great Scott and all that rubbish by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It depends on how you define the observable universe. Traditionally, the Observable Universe is defined as the maximum distance light could travel given the classic four dimensions of spacetime. This is a convenient, mathematical definition that is useful when constructing telescopes that intend to peer "deeper" into the observable universe and its past.

    This definition completely ignores theories built on top of the standard model which contain more than 4 dimensions, however. But then, once you enter the realm of "theory", you could postulate that unicorns made of pixie dust exist and nobody would be able to so much as look at you funny if it satisfies what we believe to be true via the standard model.

    I have no in-depth knowledge of the subject that would qualify me to suggest that any one theory is better than any other. Like any other arm-chair quarterbacking sports fanatic, though, I'm rooting for forces acting via the 5th through 10th dimensions being indirectly observed in the classic 1st through 4th. I want my time machine, damnit!

  133. I know what the supersctructure is. by hellop2 · · Score: 1

    It's the giant tissue that the sneeze which is our universe, is headed towards.

    --
    How many more years will slashdot have an off-by-one error on your Score in your profile?
  134. I LOVE this stuff! by MerlTurkin · · Score: 1

    Astronomy RULES! I LOVE this stuff!

  135. Speed of Gravity by Thangalin · · Score: 1

    When did we discover the exact speed of gravity?

    1. Re:Speed of Gravity by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      The speed of gravity has been theoretically calculated to be c almost since general relativity was invented. Observationally, the Taylor and Hulse pulsar observations starting in 1974 gave us an indirect measurement of the speed (how fast the star system was losing gravitational energy).

    2. Re:Speed of Gravity by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Almost since GR was invented"... uh? It was pretty fundamental to GR that the Einstein stress-energy-momentum tensor could not be influenced by anything moving faster than a photon. Can you show me an EFE written without the c^4 (from the proportionality constant)? (You might want to think of the implications of geometrizing your units c=G=1... :-) )

      From the very inception of GR, whatever the carrier of gravitational radiation is modelled as, in free space gravity wave propagation can't outrun electromagnetic wave propagation or vice-versa.

    3. Re:Speed of Gravity by Ambitwistor · · Score: 1

      Yes, I know about geometric units and the causal structure of spacetime. It's certainly true that gravity propagates at c in GR, but I was talking about when this fact was known to be true. It's kind of obvious in hindsight. My point, though, was that it wasn't completely obvious when GR was first invented. Einstein himself argued as late as 1936 that gravity doesn't even propagate, i.e. gravitational waves don't exist. People were still arguing about that even in the 1950s, when Feynman (via Bondi) finally settled it for most people with his "sticky bead" argument. If you don't even agree that gravity propagates, you're not going to agree that it propagates at c. Still, some people did realize this early on — e.g. Eddington a few years after Einstein wrote down the field equation — even if it took a while to be widely accepted. It's not a totally trivial result for the full nonlinear equations, either. You can get FTL propagation of gravitational effects (a la "warp drives") in GR if you allow some of the energy conditions on the stress-energy tensor to be violated, so rigorously proving propagation speed = c is actually kind of technical.

  136. Observable universe != 13.7B ly by J'raxis · · Score: 1

    The universe is thought to have formed about 13.7 billion years ago. So even if light started travelling toward us immediately after the Big Bang, the farthest it could ever get is 13.7 billion light-years in distance.

    Idiots!

  137. Am I the only one who thinks... by ScreamingCactus · · Score: 1

    That NASA is going to the dark side? It's like they're obsessed with all things dark and evil. Dark matter, dark energy, supermassive black holes, heat death, cold death, big freeze, and now the Dark Flow(tm). What's next, they discover some unknown energy emanating from space and call it the Power of Darkness?

    --
    The path to enlightenment is truly through homemade drugs!
  138. boogeyman by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    From what I have seen of theoretical physics of the last 30 years (string/MTheory etc) you may as well call it the boogeyman

  139. dark matter and energy by Burz · · Score: 1

    From what I gather, dark matter is well-established by both the gravitational lensing observations, and by the dynamics of galaxy rotation.

    OTOH, dark energy is currently in an entirely separate class of theory that is mainly speculation.

    There are so many interesting questions when you look at this 'dark flow' phenomenon. Is it caused by dark matter? Perhaps a gigantic primordial singularity? A region of space-time that collapsed after the big band? Or is it a 'dark' energy from another dimension pushing those galaxies in that direction? What if inflation occurs unevenly? How about the idea that another space-time (or 'brane') could be colliding with or 'pouring' into ours?

  140. It was just a matter of time..... by Manty01Actual · · Score: 1

    Many of us have dreamed of the day this discovery was made, many have written about it. In the description, I see something a bit more exciting than merely "dark flows", and the scifi junkie here should be ecstatic. With the launch of the X-Ray observatory, and the initial finds now pouring in, I personally felt that finding the very first glimpses of hyperspace we're only a matter of months, not decades, away. Yep, I said it, hyperspace, and everyone that knows even the amateurs knowledge of that should be quivering with excitement. Now the logical next step should be, defining the "dark flow" a bit more, then defining what rules and laws exist there, then of course, how do we reach it? But for now, we can be rest assured that we are in fact, knocking on the door of it, now all we have to do is open it, and peek inside.... now todays homework assignment is get the calls and emails into every hyper-dimensional physicist on earth and start the dialogue

    --
    I am no longer interested in taking over the world, I just want a modest corner of the Solar System
  141. It's the Xeelee! by f()rK()_Bomb · · Score: 1

    They really are building a Kerr-Metric Gateway!

    --
    "The space elevator will be built about 50 years after everyone stops laughing." - Arthur C. Clarke ~1980
  142. Re:MIB by ps2os2 · · Score: 1

    My memory is not very good but in the 60's or 70's there was a item in Analog (a science fiction magazine). This was more of a story than anything. Please note at one time Analog was an excellent magazine and since the 70's has leaped down hill and is now (is it still published??) ... Anyway there was an story about these beings that were "god" like and went around creating universes in a glass like ball (as experiments). That may have been closer to the truth than anything I have seen or heard so far.

  143. Another perspective by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The speed of light limit has some caveats. Wormholes, which Relativity predicts, offer a way out. You dont need to actually travel faster than light, if you can find shortcuts through other dimensions. The physicist Kip Thorne formulated the mathematics of transversable wormholes. Just because its something beyond out current physics, doesnt mean that FTL cant exist. After all, do any of you really think that the current theories are entirely correct? Just like Newton was supplanted by Einstein, so Einstein will be supplanted one day. The fact is, if you take brane theory into account there could be other universes where our laws of physics dont even apply, and if a wormhole bridge can exist between them, not only FTL but time travel is a real possibility. As a matter of fact, Theoretical physicists like Kaku state that, with cosmic censorship in place, that FTL and time travel are a real possibility.

  144. Correcting myself by wurp · · Score: 1

    the information about which way a polarized filter is oriented appears to travel faster than light

    I should make it more clear that this doesn't make it possible to transmit information faster than light. The instrument on one end can't determine the orientation of the instrument on the other end, but the measurement results are guaranteed to be consistent with the measurement results at the other end. Even though the measurement results are dependent on orientation.

    This is most interesting when the filters are orthogonal to one another, because then you're guaranteed that if you see the photon, the other guy doesn't, and vice versa.

  145. Dark flow by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Dark flow phenomenon causing force drawing someone truly massive property is located in the visible universe outside? How does this tractive force is conveyed?

    For example, the stars radiate throughout the energy of waves with particles of nature! Particles moving mode, which is already in place and at the same time, the region can move particles emanating from the various starfish, and they continue the movement quite the same direction away from the area in which the stars is!

    The visible universe outside is truly massive concentration of energy which radiate energy waves, which have the nature of quasars. the same region can become the galaxy from several different angles, so that the business continues to quite the same direction, at the same time, when the first stars emit flammable Light. As a dark flow phenomenon can be explained logically!

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AewKGNIZpuE

  146. Dark flow by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Shoot up in two shotgun in space from two different places in the same area. Shotguns the distance is perhaps a hundred meters and the shot from the same region the same time as 10 kilometers away, after which they will continue to divergence and journeyed quite the same direction. Part of shells, however, goes a different direction, even if all shot to continue their journey away from the same area from where they were shot at moving!

    If the second shotgun shot yet shells slightly faster circulation, and perhaps a bit later, so avot.

    Now, just think of a shell it is clusters a set of galaksy stars were born only because the area where the shot come from the same region.

    (Stars born later, when babyclusters are same area in space who dont expanding and space who was there already)

    Shotgun illustrate the huge energy mergers which are the shot came, but so that they do not drive their own power, but only the pushing of force based on the fact that energy turns into a normal high density of less energy when the gunpowder explodes noticeably!

    A change of power in the high density of less energy, when the gunpowder explodes noticeably?

    If so, why should space to expand, although the energy is expanding noticeably mode, which does not change?

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AewKGNIZpuE