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Researchers Accidentally Discover How To Turn Off Skin Aging Gene
BarbaraHudson sends this excerpt from The Province:
While exploring the effects of the protein-degrading enzyme Granzyme B on blood vessels during heart attacks, professor David Granville and other researchers at the University of British Columbia couldn't help noticing that mice engineered to lack the enzyme had beautiful skin at the end of the experiment, while normal mice showed signs of age. The discovery pushed Granville's research in an unexpected new direction.
The researchers built a mechanized rodent tanning salon and exposed mice engineered to lack the enzyme and normal mice to UV light three times a week for 20 weeks, enough to cause redness, but not to burn. At the end of the experiment, the engineered mice still had smooth, unblemished skin, while the normal mice were deeply wrinkled.
Granzyme B breaks down proteins and interferes with the organization and the integrity of collagen, dismantling the scaffolding — or extra-cellular matrix — that cells bind to. This causes structural weakness, leading to wrinkles. Sunlight appears to increase levels of the enzyme and accelerate its damaging effects.
The researchers built a mechanized rodent tanning salon and exposed mice engineered to lack the enzyme and normal mice to UV light three times a week for 20 weeks, enough to cause redness, but not to burn. At the end of the experiment, the engineered mice still had smooth, unblemished skin, while the normal mice were deeply wrinkled.
Granzyme B breaks down proteins and interferes with the organization and the integrity of collagen, dismantling the scaffolding — or extra-cellular matrix — that cells bind to. This causes structural weakness, leading to wrinkles. Sunlight appears to increase levels of the enzyme and accelerate its damaging effects.
Or is the rest of the body "not aging "also?
If you could reason with religious people, there would be no religious people
So it's not the Sun which does direct damage to our skin its an enzyme in our own bodies creating the redness associated with sunburn?
On the one hand, this could be huge. On the other hand, let's see the peer reviewed articles. Remember "resveratrol"? After seeing resveratrol covered by CBS 60 Minutes, etc, I bought some tablets, based on the similar mouse aging claims. Interesting history in Quackwatch.com describes how the mouse aging study led to $720M investment by GlaxoSmithKline. Once the money started rushing in, it went quacky...
"In 2012, the University of Connecticut announced that it had concluded that Dipak K. Das, Ph.D., a professor in its Department of Surgery and director of the Cardiovascular Research Center, was guilty of 145 counts of fabrication and falsification of data and that the university had notified eleven journals about this problem [20]. In recent years, Das had gained attention for his reports on allegedly beneficial properties of resveratrol. As of March 2014, journals had retracted 20 of his papers, many of which were repeatedly cited by others [21]. Das died in 2013."
Some interesting research is still going on, tangentially from the resveratrol research. But the way anti-aging anything gets marketed, suspicion always seems warranted.
http://www.quackwatch.com/01Qu...
Gently reply
Does anyone know how to make an inhibitor for this Granzyme B enzyme?... Before pfizer patents it and charges $10.000 per drop?
I have seen it! Catherine HasDaNerve to bullshit all the desperate, all the lonely. Ageless skin, IN A BOTTLE! Okay, maybe a jar. Or maybe a tube. Real small. ONLY $120 for a 6-month supply.
There is 40 percent chance that once you die after this product gives you cancer, you will turn into a zombie. So please weigh the risks.
Billions of women (and men) around the world paying TRILLIONS for cosmetic product for what?
Skincare is the number one profit making venue for many cosmetic companies, big and small, all around the world
So, will the cosmetic companies let stupid progress destroy their revenue stream? Uh, I guess no. They will buy the researcher's startup for a shitload of money, and then suprise suprise it turns out the method wasn't so promising after all. And they will keep all patents on the technology so that nobody else can release a competing product.
Researchers accidentally discover ... ... couldn't help noticing that mice had beautiful skin at the end of the experiment
Who buys that? Did they really find something and hide the truth about how they did it, or are they just looking for some ways to get media attention?
Slashdot, fix the reply notifications... You won't get away with it...
Interesting, but I can't help wonder if this enzyme exists for a reason. I presume these scientists are working hard to determine what evolutionary role it fills (before working on selling it as part of an anti-aging cream)
welcome our new handsome mice overlords
viDA Therapeutics, a company co-founded by Granville, is currently developing a Granzyme-B inhibitor based on technology licensed from UBC. The company plans to test a topically applied drug within two years on people with discoid lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease worsened by sunlight that can lead to disfiguring facial scarring. (The musician Seal has such a condition.)
If the drug proves effective in preventing lupus-related skin lesions, there is potential for a cosmetic product to prevent the normal, gradual aging of the skin, which is mostly caused by sun exposure. But the drug might also be used for life-threatening conditions, such as aneurysms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, caused by the breakdown of collagen and other proteins that provide structure to blood vessels and lung passages.
No matter how rich or poor you are it is safe to assume that you will be dead within 100 years of your birth. Now what if there was a way for someone to cheat aging and live indefinitely. Now picture what life in the world would be like if the people who believed in slavery, segregation, and those who opposed suffrage for women were still alive and running the government and industry. A society where the people in power are over 100 years old would cease to socially evolve.
And in other news, researchers have discovered how to block the penis-degrading enzyme Granzyme P, causing your dick to grow as big as a horse's, but it has the side effect of turning it black.
Why would they do that? If you're a cosmetics company and you can buy a startup that owns the patents on a technique that actually works, then you'd be stupid to keep competing on a level playing field when you could be the only company that's selling the real thing. Even if you multiply your normal profit margin by a factor of ten, you're still going to be selling huge quantities and raking in the money.
The problem with these conspiracy theories is that they assume that people with large entrenched interests and lots of money somehow have an aversion to turning their big pile of money into an enormous pile of money.
I am TheRaven on Soylent News
"enough to cause redness, but not to burn"
I may not be a rocket scientist, but they must be causing a similar degree of damage to a burn if it is turning the skin of the mice red. You really shouldn't try to justify hurting animals in this way.
I have mod points, but when I read comments there are no drop down lists for me to comment.
They only appear after I've commented, on that thread, at which point I'm no longer able to moderate that thread.
Very annoying, any way to get the moderation options to always show up?
Thank you, Bradley Manning, Edward Snowden and so many others, for courageously defending humanity, my freedom and more!
http://www.vidatherapeutics.com/investors.html
If this enzyme is truly responsible for skin aging, I bet that knocking it out has nasty and unintended consequences, or it would be selected against pretty heavily.
our pale smoooooth skined mice overlord.
by TheSpoom (715771) Uncaring Linux user here. I have nothing to add to this but please continue. *munches popcorn*
You can see on the example of Uber that taxi companies rather try to forbid the app than sell off their cars and develop and offer competing apps, or focus on rich people who don't want to travel with unprofessionals. But I admit, in this example you may be right, as you don't have to fear competition.
M. Gustave: [to Mme. Celine's corpse] "You're looking so well, darling, you really are... they've done a marvelous job. I don't know what sort of cream they've put on you down at the morgue, but... I want some. "
Achille Talon
Hop!
The difference is, these huge cosmetics manufacturers have both the know-how and the resources to mass-produce this thing and cash in on a level you and your mother can't even begin to fathom. So, on account of the profit motivation, it would be extremely idiotic to think that they will pass up such an opportunity.
given that tumour cells (for solid tumours) normally have defects in extra-cellular matrix related genes (eg genes in the collagen family are sometimes mutated in advanced gastric cancer) that help the tumour invade and spread through tissues, I wonder if using such a treatment increases the chances of either tumours forming, or tumours becoming higher grade/more serious more quickly...
eg, Viagra.
Exactly. These two products would not compete based on price.
You keep selling your current line as is but create a new product that "has been scientifically proven to work" for a metric shit ton of money per drop.
Downside is that you need to hire more accountants to count all that money ....
... and taxes. Let's also hire a few lobbyist to pressure our elected officials into lowering taxes.
It seems that wrinkling may be the price we pay for clearing potentially cancerous UV-damaged cells from the skin. It might be a bargain.
Exactly. What people don't understand is that economic interests are not fundamentally opposed to the progress of technology--they actually drive it. We like to think that technology soars as high as our aspirations, but invention costs money and at the end of the day, commercialism pays the bills. We are constantly promised flying cars and cities on the moon, but the real tangible products only arrive when they become economically viable in some sense. There were mp3 players before the iPod, but only the iPod really pushed the market forward such that technological innovation went from better and better mp3 players, to smart phones, to tablets, etc. This is because, on the one hand, the iPod was surrounded by excellent marketing, and on the other hand, the product itself was shaped by economic interests to target the then-current market in a superior way. Hence it may not be that the iPod was the best and newest technology that could be produced, but it was perhaps the best blend of innovation, marketing, and economic viability for the situation, and thus because of its marketability it drove future innovation in the direction of handheld wireless devices.
Back to the situation at hand, companies that sell skincare products do have a vested interest in bad skin, but only to the extent to which it enhances the marketability of their products. They might be able to form a conspiracy network and hide such a miracle product only if human nature were not what it is, and economics were not driven by competition. One company still has to compete with another, and so one company will likely invest in high-tech means of skin care in order to dwarf another. Thus there will be no conspiracy to bury this new technology. Rather, one company will promote the technology enough to gain an upper hand in a high-end market (e.g. not cheap Suave products like I buy), but cost and convenience will prevent this technology from eliminating the skin care industry altogether.
Human genetic engineering could change the situation, but that will involve complex issues (patented genes?) and other economic and political factors that will be external to the skin care industry in itself. Like all other technologies, human genetic engineering will be driven by the economy, no matter how much transhumanist idealism pushes for it as the supposed next step in human evolution. In the meantime, this particular discovery will more likely lead to lesser technologies that purport to target Granzyme B without eliminating it genetically.
Incipiamus, fratres, servire Domino Deo, quia hucusque vix vel parum in nullo profecimus.
Instead of trying save people from the ravages of heart attacks, they'll all be golden parachuting into their new startup selling this crap to vain and insecure one-percenters at immoral levels of profit.
Short term us, long term, they would want this out and gone before their patents on it expired unless they know they can effectively pull a Walt Disney and extend their stuff till they end of time.
If the company is thinking short term only, they would jump on this and make a killing for the full duration till others managed to make generics that matched it close enough to work but not be infringing, afterward, this would effectively corner the market for whomever sold it the cheapest.
If the company is thinking long term, they would buy and mothball this as it would replace too much of their existing lines and make sure to patent it as well, to make sure you could slam anyone before they made enough progress to find out about it and stop them.
Exactly right and if you're the company with the one, true "cure" for skin aging then you have to look at the population of the world and think "I've got an endless supply of customers!" This isn't something an entire industry would shut down. It's something they'd go into a crazy bidding war to possess.
Appended to the end of comments you post. 120 chars.
"or focus on rich people who don't want to travel with unprofessionals."
WE have always had that, It's called hiring a town car. In any town you can make a call and hire a personal drive in a nice BMW 5 or 7 series or Lincoln or other luxury car to drive you everywhere you want and be at your beck and call.
And during "peak uber" pricing, it's cheaper to call a town car company and ride in class instead of some fat guys prius.
Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
Why would they do that? If you're a cosmetics company and you can buy a startup that owns the patents on a technique that actually works, then you'd be stupid to keep competing on a level playing field when you could be the only company that's selling the real thing. Even if you multiply your normal profit margin by a factor of ten, you're still going to be selling huge quantities and raking in the money.
The problem with these conspiracy theories is that they assume that people with large entrenched interests and lots of money somehow have an aversion to turning their big pile of money into an enormous pile of money.
When the emerging product has the power to displace even your own reliable revenue streams from your several dozen "hack" products for skincare, you might wisely think twice about how you market and deploy it, even if you own the technology.
It may make far more sense to keep this "magic" in a bottle and reserve it for licensing through only the worlds most exclusive salons rather than put it on a shelf.
And if this technology works as well as it appears, this easily has the capability to disrupt billions in current revenue.
You forgot the fact that many of these companies are part of the same groups, and most of these groups are led (in various ways) by people who went to school together and enjoy regular parties together, or have mutual friends or influential friends of friends who do. Many such people even have interests in multiple of these groups.
Even without those facts, "disruptive" evolutions tend to be frown upon by most "leaders" in most cases in today society (they've been trained that way), so they do not even need to agree explicitly on hiding, not investigating, or slowing them down. You will also have many "pressure" groups of various sorts, who will use various means to try to hide, stop the investigation, or slow down evolutions.
Tons of other factors are at "play" for all this. Fights for money control, fear of exposure to vengeances and extremisms, fear of legal troubles, many inertias everywhere (starting from the people who may make less money, or will be required more effort, but who you may well still require for the development, production, or distribution of your product...), etc.
Anyway, you talk about an "high-end market"... But what if this evolution is actually very cheap to develop and produce? Or could be made cheap to produce by simple will and investments with little risks, that these companies could easily afford? Well it is a fact in most cases, "leaders" today will tend to prefer "sell little at a high price", rather than "sell a lot at a low price", even if the balance is the very same, or in favor of selling low. You see it in almost all industries today, with very little exceptions (most often with a completely artificial and very significant drop in quality wasting it). That is already of course a major restriction on progress, if it could still be called it, being so restricted... Progress has a significant connotation of universality, or at least some amount of it (as in, "at least accessible to middle class Western people and those from a few other countries elsewhere"...).
Even without all this, the monopolization of knowledge and its application, is obviously already a major restriction on progress. That today society has been made in part inadequate for more freedom and cooperation is in now way a justification for a monopoly.
Is effectively a syndrome. Cellular DNA has telomeres and with each division those telomeres shorten until the cell line finally undergoes apoptosis. But in cancer, a compound called telomerase shuts off the aging of the telomeres and allows cancers to grow uncontrollably.
But this is interesting - so in essence if we can repair cell damage and suppress this factor then youth is maintainable for a period. Nice!
you had me at "mechanized rodent tanning salon".
So the prophesy is coming true. All hail our great prophet Mike Judge for it is he who spoke the truth in his movie, Idiocracy! http://www.imdb.com/title/tt03... And yay, it shall come to pass that scientists will no longer interest themselves in saving lives and making the world a better place and shall instead devote their attention to preventing hair loss and prolonging erections... and delaying the effects of aging, "leaving your skin feeling visibly younger."
This post was brought to you by Brawndo, the thirst mutilator. Brawndo, it's got electrolytes.
Plus the driver from the sedan service probably has a lot more experience and is paid to be professional, the car is well-maintained, and the company has proper commercial insurance. The fat guy in the prius may as well be, "ass, gas, or grass, no one rides for free."
Do not look into laser with remaining eye.
But we will look great when we do.
It's never lupus.
The two times I used a towncar service it was great. Typically they know the best routes through the city and they pay attention to rider comfort above all else, they do not drive like maniacs and intentionally slow down smoothly. The towncar I used in Chicago 4 years ago did not even have a GPS, he knew the city, something that is rare now.
Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
You forgot the fact that many of these companies are part of the same groups, and most of these groups are led (in various ways) by people who went to school together and enjoy regular parties together, or have mutual friends or influential friends of friends who do.
and you just know this, how? Bottom line is, something like this that actually works (for a change) would be a cash cow. Like a real cure for baldness. Everyone ages. It's not like only a few selective people will want it. A bit like the undertaker business, you don't have to worry about running out of customers. Nearly everyone will want this, and the more affordable it is, the more people can and will buy it - economies of scale.
Look back up at my post, now look back down, you're on the Internet. Now look back up. I'm a signature.
It's simple. You never produce a product that fixes it because people won't use it often.
You provide something that helps but never fixes the underlying problem. That way people keep on purchasing the product.
... getting burned and wrinkled . . .
We gain and lose traits when they affect our ability to reproduce... and at no other time.
This isn't quite accurate. We can gain/lose traits randomly and if they don't impede our ability to reproduce they could get passed on. Also, some traits are genetically linked to more desirable traits, so they get dragged along by the other traits even if they're not necessarily desirable in and of themselves.
Indeed!
Pros as a Zombie:
-Immortal provided head stays connected
-No sleep
-NEW: Beautiful skin!
Cons:
-Ugly
-No dates
-No sleep
-only has one goal in life: eating Raw Human hagass
Obama's legacy: (N)othing (S)ecure (A)nywhere and (T)error (S)imulation (A)dministration
Searching ncbi with enzyme name returns these at the top...
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22084442 - Granzyme B regulates antiviral CD8+ T cell responses.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12752668 - Granzyme B: a natural born killer
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24101526 - Granzyme B degradation by autophagy decreases tumor cell susceptibility to natural killer-mediated lysis under hypoxia.
Do Walmart, Amazon, eBay, and Google exist in your world, or does everybody shop at niche boutiques, who "sell little at a high price, rather than sell a lot at a low price"?
In my world, Costco sold $100 billion last year, and Walmart $473 billion. Google brought in $60 billion by giving stuff away free, to anyone who wants it - the most extreme form of "a lot at a low price" one can imagine.
In my world, the "sell little at a high price" places normally provide a job for the owner and nothing more, no profit.
Instead of trying save people from the ravages of heart attacks, .
Heart attacks are trivially avoidable. Just pay attention to what you eat. No trans fat, and no excessive obesity. Easy enough, if you can live without cheap fried stuff.
Good! I want lower prices and don't want corporations as tax collectors for the government. (Of course fascists and authoritarians love to have corporations collect taxes for them - it helps them dupe the weak-minded.)
In most cases, Google doesn't sell to you. Instead, it sells you. Google sells you and me to advertisers, trend analysers and whatnot. That's why Google's services are "free". Bait is always free.
All lowering taxes on a business guarantees... is they make more money. The savings only get passed on to the customer if they feel they need to lower prices to better compete. It doesn't mean it won't happen, but it also doesn't mean it will. In this particular case, it almost certainly wouldn't get passed on to the customer.
A few decades back, I knew a researcher/university professor who had developed a ready-for-market, one-day yeast infection treatment when seven-day (or longer) treatments were still the norm. A major pharmaceutical showed extreme interest, purchased the rights from him, then sat on it for the better part of a decade, much to the consternation of the researcher, who was hoping society could benefit from the treatment more rapidly.
What he didn't know at the time was that the pharma company had already developed a three-day treatment that they were getting ready to introduce within the next year or two. They stood to gain a significant competitive advantage in introducing the three-day treatment, since they'd be the first-to-market with it. When they saw the researcher's one-day treatment, they realized that a competitor could leapfrog them if it got ahold of the treatment, so they knew they had to buy it out, but rather than introduce the one-day treatment immediately (i.e. leapfrog themselves) and give up any advantage the three-day treatment could have afforded them in the market, they decided to sit on the one-day treatment for several years. Doing so allowed them to benefit from being first-to-market with the three-day treatment, giving them a few years of market dominance, and then as their competitors started to catch up, they were able to be first-to-market with a one-day treatment which they could sell at a premium price. In essence, it allowed them to double the length of their lead in the market and command a higher price for the faster treatment.
All of which is to say, these aren't conspiracy theories. You're absolutely correct that these companies want to make even more money than they already have, but there are plenty of sound, financial reasons for them to sit on better technologies rather than introducing them immediately. I've highlighted merely one of them here.
Brawndo has what plants crave!!!!!!!
General Relativity: Space-time tells matter where to go; Matter tells space-time what shape to be.
I'll be sure to tell the owner of the fishing gear (and bait) shop that he owes me a refund next time I'm in there...
I'm pretty sure I played a video game that started out just like this. Maybe they'll do Dobermans next. The fact that I live north of Seattle leads makes me a little unnerved about Vancouver as Raccoon City. On the bright side, who doesn't want the chance to waste some zombies?
GranB is used by the Immune system to fight disease, a side effect is its tears up the nice smooth concrete sidewalk like material of the upper dermis.
The end result is health, but a rapidly degraded surface and the destruction of an orderly matrix.. leading to fragility.
Its rather like "tilling the soil" over and over and that produces wrinkles.
If repairs proceeded unimpeded as in youth the remodling would take care of the wrinkles over time, assuming GranB wasn't upregulated.
The problem is repairs do not proceed and wrinkles are a good sign of declining health over time.. its a "tell" or "marker" for an organism.
Anything that hides or abates this marker (Cosmetics) is a logical beneficial for socialization and reproduction.
Its risk benefit ratio in the near past was obvious, today in the modern world its much more risk than benefit.. downregualting or controling it with a lotion or drug is probably warranted. Like many things there are tradeoffs and potential risks.. but its skewed quite heavily towards more benefits than risks in this particular (rather unique) case. This is one drug or treatment that will be well adopted and quite visually beneficial.
It's got electrolytes!
"or focus on rich people who don't want to travel with unprofessionals."
WE have always had that, It's called hiring a town car. In any town you can make a call and hire a personal drive in a nice BMW 5 or 7 series or Lincoln or other luxury car to drive you everywhere you want and be at your beck and call.
And during "peak uber" pricing, it's cheaper to call a town car company and ride in class instead of some fat guys prius.
BMWs are for the middle class wannabe rich fuckers.
What's the difference between a BMW and a porcupine?
With the porcupine, the pricks are on the outside.
You misunderstand. It might not be free for you, but it's free for the fish...
I am TheRaven on Soylent News
The only "accidental" discovery in science is the discovery one could have stretched out over a great many more research grants if one had better anticipated the scientific windfall.
Of course, we do tend to refer to the outcome of bad planning as "an accident" concerning our hominid prime directive, so perhaps there's no help for language after all.
Your body is a car. Your soul is the driver. And the purpose of this life is to experience life, and presumably gain something from the experience. Then we move on.
Life contains pleasure and pain- good and evil. We KNOW this. Yet their can be no 'good' maths formula or 'evil' physical rule in the otherwise 'clockwork' universe. Life alone is MEANING- semantics. The clockwork Universe, and its maths based rules, is purely syntactical- no 'morals' or 'pleasure' and 'pain can be found in clockwork mechanisms.
Grab enough 100-sided dice, set them all so 6 is uppermost, and you've broken the statistical rules of the clockwork you inhabit- creating an outcome impossibly unlikely given the supposed life of the Universe. You can do this because you have FREE WILL, and that lies outside ANY possible clockwork contraption. Amazingly, Betas are taught that it is NOT a contradiction of mathematical probability when life causes such an unlikely outcome because of "hand waving. mumbled, pseudo-science sounding buzzwords". Turing and Gödel do NOT allow you to 'break' probability if your 'mind' is clockwork also.
But this is about ageing- or at least the ageing of skin. And why? Because evil Alphas attempt to convince Betas that 'immortality' would be some kind of ultimate goal. Yes, we can 'tinker' with the 'car'- replace parts- soup it up- make it 'prettier', but what is the real goal of doing so? Are the 'vain' happier? Are those that obsess about 'perfect' breasts, 'perfect' lips, a 'perfect' nose etc any more contented when they live in a nation that provides the resources to offer such options?
We age, and that is the point. The 'good' and 'evil' principle seems to justify wanting to create good health for as many Humans as possible, but their is a difference between this HEALTHY goal, and the mental collapse we see particularly in Americans when fascination about appearance becomes paramount.
Look, anyone who has reached a certain age in life will agree with the old adage "youth is wasted on the young"- I certainly do, BUT in a wistful philosophical way that comes from looking back on one's own life. And no-one with a love of technology can deny an ongoing curiosity about 'what comes next?' But we must TRUST the purpose of life- trust why we are here in the first place, and why we will move on after out allotted years.
Genetic engineering is NOT a good thing. Giving the worst of Mankind the ability to HACK the life machines themselves cannot end well. We THINK. When we perfect our ability to hack virus and bacteria and prion and fungi, the evolved defences of our body won't stand a chance. We have half a planet of Human bodies suffering less than optimal function because of the simplest of resource issues. If we don't give a f**k about fixing THAT issue, the laughable excuses quoted for the 'humanitarian' value of genetic hacking are obviously exposed for the lies they really are.
Or deploy it at a slightly higher (or even lower) price and eat the competition alive. So, when the patents expire, who's left standing? And that gives you lots of money to spend on further research to improve the product, as well as the biggest marketing budget.
"Transparent" is a shit show that trades on every stereotype going. A man in drag is NOT a transsexual.
And yay, it shall come to pass that scientists will no longer interest themselves in saving lives and making the world a better place and shall instead devote their attention to preventing hair loss and prolonging erections... and delaying the effects of aging, "leaving your skin feeling visibly younger."
Doesn't match the facts. They were looking for ways to have less internal scarring on major blood vessels, and now their first product will be to treat lupus.
Lupus is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs when your body's immune system attacks your own tissues and organs. Inflammation caused by lupus can affect many different body systems — including your joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart and lungs.
Lupus can be difficult to diagnose because its signs and symptoms often mimic those of other ailments. The most distinctive sign of lupus — a facial rash that resembles the wings of a butterfly unfolding across both cheeks — occurs in many but not all cases of lupus.
Some people are born with a tendency toward developing lupus, which may be triggered by infections, certain drugs or even sunlight. While there's no cure for lupus, treatments can help control symptoms.
There's more ... lots more.
"Transparent" is a shit show that trades on every stereotype going. A man in drag is NOT a transsexual.
I know likely that this was a joke, but I couldn't resist.
The fish doesn't pay for the bait.
APK likes to ask for responses to the same things over and over. Maybe he just likes the responses?
We gots them too. If'n you call them town car folks 'round here that feller picks you up in a four-door dualie with "POWERED BY CUMMINS" wrote across the back winder. If you pay extra, that feller takes a hose to wash off most of the cow shit before he picks you up.
The several times I used Uber, it was great too. They picked me up in luxury cars (Mercedes, BMWs) and had much nicer cars than the towncar services I tried. They used GPS and took me by the most direct route, while the towncar service took weird back roads that took a lot longer. The towncars were also older and in poor shape, whereas the Uber cars were rather new and clean.
I doubt it was as simple as that, while I don't doubt the Pharma company didn't want anyone else with a quicker treatment, you cannot just buy a patent/license and then issue it the next day.
For Pharma, there is a huge amount of tests and trials they have to go through, and while I am sure your researcher knew his stuff, I doubt much that he had done whatever tests were needed for your 'FDA - if you're American I guess or whatever the rest of the world's Drug test laws are. So yes it might have given them advantage down the line, I seriously dobt they would have 'sat on it' as you say.
There would be no point. To get it to market would have probably taken then at least a couple of years from when they started.
Oh, no doubt there would have been additional tests necessary, so a delay of a few years would certainly make sense and would be warranted. What we saw instead, however, was a delay well beyond when the tests would have been completed, and which was in place simply due to marketing reasons. After all, if you're already ahead of your competition, why tip your hand for what's still two generations out? Why not instead simply dominate the market for two generations?
Have these labrats (pun intended) put together a study for this and if so, where can I find it?
Idiot
BMWs are for the middle class wannabe rich fuckers.
What's the difference between a BMW and a porcupine?
With the porcupine, the pricks are on the outside.
BMWs are for people that drive the car -themselves-. The prics don't drive.
Hell, you can still get a BMW with a -manual- transmission, doesn't that tell you something? 8-)
BMWs are for youngish frustrated wannabes. They take out their frustrations in arrogant, aggressive driving. Hence the porcupine comparison.
Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
NSF budget = ~$7Bn, Cosmetics industry buget = ~$170Bn
I'll put my money and sense of humour on preventing hair loss, prolonging erections, and "leaving your skin feeling visibly younger." :P