Perhaps I was unclear. The income taxes that would have made any logical sense whatsoever and were at the time being implemented were unconstitutional due to them not being proportional to population.
I'm not quite sure what the founders were thinking when they wrote Article 1 section 9, but my best guess is that their meaning of direct tax was not the same as the interpretation of it by the courts in the 1910's. They may have meant a direct tax on the states, as IIRC it never says anything about being able to tax the people (even there we have to assume that taxing goods!=taxing people). In the end it's all a bunch of confusion and I have to agree with you that they needed to clear it up with the sixteenth amendment.
Yes, like digital TV converter boxes. I'm not about to rush to defend the government in this case. I'm not saying they didn't have reason to do what they did (free up some radio frequencies) but they shouldn't have mandated that providers make the switch. Maybe give an incentive, but it is not their place to make such a mandate.
On the other hand, there is no "right" to watch TV for free over the air waves in the same way forever and ever. Technology improves and they're trying to keep an old service relevant. Sometimes the only way to do that is to deprecate the old service. I'm not saying it's right nor am I saying that it is the federal government's place to do that, but I also don't think that people should be complaining as much as they are about a change in a gratis service that will ultimately improve the service.
You know, I was trying to word my post in such a way that it avoided including taxes as something their not allowed to force you to pay, but it seems that I failed miserably.
Actually, until the sixteenth amendment, income taxes were unconstitutional, so taxes are actually an exception to the (still valid) generalization I made. However, IA(still)NAL.
I agree. The router that we have does not have the capability of keeping logs, as far as I know. Even if it does, it does not make it easy, and I have no intention of figuring out how to make it keep logs. In any event, I am sure that there are some routers that are completely incapable of keeping logs, and those would have to be replaced in order to comply with the law. Who will pay for this? Last time I checked, the government can't suddenly force everybody to pay money for something. IANAL, of course, so what do I know?
I suppose that in a certain way, many linux distributions help with this. They condition users only to install applications from the software repositories.
Package managers do not need to be exclusive to linux. It might be a positive thing for microsoft to create a package management system of "trusted" programs and force all other executables to be run in a sandbox.
Also, IIRC books/movies/etc describing something constitute prior art. I think that this was established when someone tried to take out a patent on water beds or something similar, but they had been described in a sci-fi novel.
This does not mean that if you come up with a novel method of doing something that you cannot patent it; it only means that you cannot patent the concept as a whole, since there is prior art.
I hope so. The only time I ever used gmailfs, it froze nautilus. Then again, nautilus doesn't play well with the FUSE userland filesystem infrastructure, unfortunately. It seems that at least one of the calls nautilus makes to the fs is blocking, and thus requires low latency; something that FUSE does not seem to provide.
Pretty much, the only people buying Vista are those who are buying new computers. And a significant number of those are choosing XP over Vista if they are able to.
Also, as far as I know, the Vista market share has not significantly displaced that of XP once you consider the amount of time and money that went into R&D as well as advertising.
If you have different information, please link to it.
...You could potentially save quite a bit of space by removing all the compiled wrappers to common windows components and replacing them with scripts, which you could then extend to be more featureful than the originals.
Huh... I wonder why so many things in linux are written using shell scripts...
I set up an auto-login for my Ubuntu laptop, and then have the session-manager lock the screen immediately after logging on (before the panel or nautilus have even loaded, so while the desktop is still unusable). This way, after pressing the power button, I don't have to interact with my computer at all until immediately before I want to use it (i.e. to type my password in order to unlock the screen).
Unfortunately, just putting `gnome-screensaver-command -l` into the session manager won't work because it doesn't seem to load immediately. Instead, I made it run a script that executes that command in between calls to `sleep 1` six or eight times. It works for me.
I don't know if it is so much convenience as necessity. I might be an exceptional case, but I know that I will eventually have to have my wisdom teeth removed because they are facing the wrong direction (outward). As long as they don't grow in, there will not be an issue, but once they start (if they ever do), they could damage nerves in my mouth. Right now, though, I'm waiting for my jaw to stop growing.
Again, this might be an exceptional case, unlike others where wisdom teeth are removed. However, I have a friend with the same problem, so maybe this is not so unusual.
It's your type of thinking that caused Netscape to fail.
True, it had a terrible codebase. This was from trying to add features at a rapid pace in order to compete with IE at the time of the browser wars.
However, at some point a genius like the parent AC came along and decided that the entire codebase had to be rewritten.
This left them in the dust, with IE claiming nearly 100% marketshare.
What they should have done was rewrite code a bit at a time. The code could slowly improve, and they would still remain competitive. This is the course that has been chosen for Firefox.
Just a correction: Regardless of who developed this (there seems to be some disagreement), nobody turned it over to the public domain. Read the license agreement: it says that you are not allowed to even create derivative works, nor redistribute the program to multiple sources, nor use it for commercial purposes.
I think that Windows will eventually (not soon, but eventually) fail for a similar reason to Amiga.
The problem is that technological (hardware) breakthroughs are accelerating (think Moore's law). In order to keep up, proprietary companies must continue to pour more and more resources into research and development in order to keep up. Open source has no such problem since anyone can contribute to research and development at no monetary cost.
If you don't believe me, just look here. USB3.0 is already being developed for Linux, whereas it doesn't look like Windows 7 will even have support for it when it is finally released. While the latter fact may change (AFAIK it may already have changed), it does seem indicative of similar trends in the future as the rate that technology improves increases even more.
Why would that matter ? The attacker still knows the state of the hash just prior to inserting the SEED, so what do we gain from this ?
You're right. I hadn't thought of it that way. I suppose that the only real solution to this would be to double the message, such that every part of the message has a chance to affect the resultant state after every other part of the message has been hashed, ie:
hash(n+SEED+n+SEED) or hash((n+SEED)*2) depending on your personal preferences for pseudocode.
I will now assume that a truly secure hash algorithm does this automatically and move on.
How about using hash(n + previous_hash) ?-)
hash(n+previous_hash) is also totally unacceptable. Each new hash value has a 1/(2^hashlength) chance of colliding with another sequence created using an arbitrarily chosen SEED. Again, I invoke the birthday paradox. After 2^(1/2*hashlength)==sqrt(2^hashlength) new numbers there will be a 50% probability of the two sequences colliding and being the same sequence thereafter.
I suppose you probably already understood this to some degree, as you put a "?-)" after your question, but I decided to answer seriously anyway.
By the way, IANACE (I am not a cryptology expert), but I have read some books on it and taken a course at CTY, and have also done some of my own research online and theoretically (ie, thought experiments having to do with ideal systems AND practical systems).
The problem with this, of course, is that due to the Birthday Paradox, you will start creating a loop after (on average) sqrt(NUMBER_OF_POSSIBLE_HASH_OUTPUTS). For short messages, this is usually okay, but for long streams of "random" bytes, this is totally unacceptable.
On the other hand, you could use a stream based on the following:
assuming that your hash has a distribution indistinguishable from a random distribution.
By the way, the reason you put the SEED after the consecutive strings is that if two different seeds result in the same hash state, it will not matter since they are editing the state instead of creating it initially. Assuming a secure hash, hash(A)==hash(B) does not imply that hash(C+A)==hash(C+B) although in all modern hashes that I know of, it usually implies that hash(A+C)==hash(B+C) since new data edits the old state, and old data has no chance of editing the new state.
I hope my explanation makes sense, but if it doesn't, ask questions and I'd be happy to elaborate.
That's what calculus is for. It's so that the people selling the software/music/media/stuff/whatever can graph the people willing to pay against the price. Then they plot their expected profits for each price against that in order to find the optimal price.
People like you and me and anyone else who thinks the products are overpriced are not going to buy them. Either the companies making the products will be forced to lower the price to a more optimal one, or they will be able to keep it at the same price.
The problem is that they are claiming loss of sales for piracy done by people who never would have bought the game in the first place since the price is not right.
Granted, I am not a gamer and don't even bother to download these things since I don't have the time to play them, so take my gaming specific claims with a grain of salt.
The laws about sexual assault and things like that are compared state by state here. Overall, consensus seems to be on age differences of more than three years being a problem, but specific age restrictions vary from state to state, as do charges.
The biggest problem that I see with touch interfaces on notebooks and other computers is that the most comfortable angle to view something is very different from the most comfortable angle to drag your finger across something. This is why notebooks have a vertical screen and o horizontal keyboard and touchpad.
I'd much rather have a multi-touch mouse pad that takes up the entire base of the notebook that can double as a keyboard by sensing where your hands are resting. The only problem I see with that is that there is no tactile feedback, but I think that you would get used to it after a while, especially if the computer "learned" what keys you want to press when you put your fingers in certain positions.
Slashdot Mirror
Perhaps I was unclear. The income taxes that would have made any logical sense whatsoever and were at the time being implemented were unconstitutional due to them not being proportional to population.
I'm not quite sure what the founders were thinking when they wrote Article 1 section 9, but my best guess is that their meaning of direct tax was not the same as the interpretation of it by the courts in the 1910's. They may have meant a direct tax on the states, as IIRC it never says anything about being able to tax the people (even there we have to assume that taxing goods!=taxing people). In the end it's all a bunch of confusion and I have to agree with you that they needed to clear it up with the sixteenth amendment.
Yes, like digital TV converter boxes. I'm not about to rush to defend the government in this case. I'm not saying they didn't have reason to do what they did (free up some radio frequencies) but they shouldn't have mandated that providers make the switch. Maybe give an incentive, but it is not their place to make such a mandate.
On the other hand, there is no "right" to watch TV for free over the air waves in the same way forever and ever. Technology improves and they're trying to keep an old service relevant. Sometimes the only way to do that is to deprecate the old service. I'm not saying it's right nor am I saying that it is the federal government's place to do that, but I also don't think that people should be complaining as much as they are about a change in a gratis service that will ultimately improve the service.
You know, I was trying to word my post in such a way that it avoided including taxes as something their not allowed to force you to pay, but it seems that I failed miserably.
Actually, until the sixteenth amendment, income taxes were unconstitutional, so taxes are actually an exception to the (still valid) generalization I made. However, IA(still)NAL.
I agree. The router that we have does not have the capability of keeping logs, as far as I know. Even if it does, it does not make it easy, and I have no intention of figuring out how to make it keep logs. In any event, I am sure that there are some routers that are completely incapable of keeping logs, and those would have to be replaced in order to comply with the law. Who will pay for this? Last time I checked, the government can't suddenly force everybody to pay money for something. IANAL, of course, so what do I know?
I suppose that in a certain way, many linux distributions help with this. They condition users only to install applications from the software repositories.
Package managers do not need to be exclusive to linux. It might be a positive thing for microsoft to create a package management system of "trusted" programs and force all other executables to be run in a sandbox.
Also, IIRC books/movies/etc describing something constitute prior art. I think that this was established when someone tried to take out a patent on water beds or something similar, but they had been described in a sci-fi novel.
This does not mean that if you come up with a novel method of doing something that you cannot patent it; it only means that you cannot patent the concept as a whole, since there is prior art.
...and its main offering will be a single 9-week course of study over the summer for 120 students, each of which will pay $25,000 for the privilege...
You obviously missed that part.
Other than that, you make a good point, though.
I wonder if this will be as good as gmailfs.
I hope so. The only time I ever used gmailfs, it froze nautilus. Then again, nautilus doesn't play well with the FUSE userland filesystem infrastructure, unfortunately. It seems that at least one of the calls nautilus makes to the fs is blocking, and thus requires low latency; something that FUSE does not seem to provide.
Pretty much, the only people buying Vista are those who are buying new computers. And a significant number of those are choosing XP over Vista if they are able to.
Also, as far as I know, the Vista market share has not significantly displaced that of XP once you consider the amount of time and money that went into R&D as well as advertising.
If you have different information, please link to it.
...You could potentially save quite a bit of space by removing all the compiled wrappers to common windows components and replacing them with scripts, which you could then extend to be more featureful than the originals.
Huh... I wonder why so many things in linux are written using shell scripts...
...that these researchers are wrong about the probability that the other researchers are wrong?
I set up an auto-login for my Ubuntu laptop, and then have the session-manager lock the screen immediately after logging on (before the panel or nautilus have even loaded, so while the desktop is still unusable). This way, after pressing the power button, I don't have to interact with my computer at all until immediately before I want to use it (i.e. to type my password in order to unlock the screen).
Unfortunately, just putting `gnome-screensaver-command -l` into the session manager won't work because it doesn't seem to load immediately. Instead, I made it run a script that executes that command in between calls to `sleep 1` six or eight times. It works for me.
I don't know if it is so much convenience as necessity. I might be an exceptional case, but I know that I will eventually have to have my wisdom teeth removed because they are facing the wrong direction (outward). As long as they don't grow in, there will not be an issue, but once they start (if they ever do), they could damage nerves in my mouth. Right now, though, I'm waiting for my jaw to stop growing.
Again, this might be an exceptional case, unlike others where wisdom teeth are removed. However, I have a friend with the same problem, so maybe this is not so unusual.
Get ready for DMCA/PIRATE/PRO-IP Act Part Deaux?
I think you mean "Part Deux", unless you are referring to a certain commune in the Gard department in southern France...
Worse, robbers might be able to fool the sensors and stop a car so that they could rob it.
What could possibly go wrong?
It's your type of thinking that caused Netscape to fail.
True, it had a terrible codebase. This was from trying to add features at a rapid pace in order to compete with IE at the time of the browser wars.
However, at some point a genius like the parent AC came along and decided that the entire codebase had to be rewritten.
This left them in the dust, with IE claiming nearly 100% marketshare.
What they should have done was rewrite code a bit at a time. The code could slowly improve, and they would still remain competitive. This is the course that has been chosen for Firefox.
Just a correction: Regardless of who developed this (there seems to be some disagreement), nobody turned it over to the public domain. Read the license agreement: it says that you are not allowed to even create derivative works, nor redistribute the program to multiple sources, nor use it for commercial purposes.
I think that Windows will eventually (not soon, but eventually) fail for a similar reason to Amiga.
The problem is that technological (hardware) breakthroughs are accelerating (think Moore's law). In order to keep up, proprietary companies must continue to pour more and more resources into research and development in order to keep up. Open source has no such problem since anyone can contribute to research and development at no monetary cost.
If you don't believe me, just look here. USB3.0 is already being developed for Linux, whereas it doesn't look like Windows 7 will even have support for it when it is finally released. While the latter fact may change (AFAIK it may already have changed), it does seem indicative of similar trends in the future as the rate that technology improves increases even more.
Why would that matter ? The attacker still knows the state of the hash just prior to inserting the SEED, so what do we gain from this ?
You're right. I hadn't thought of it that way. I suppose that the only real solution to this would be to double the message, such that every part of the message has a chance to affect the resultant state after every other part of the message has been hashed, ie:
hash(n+SEED+n+SEED) or hash((n+SEED)*2) depending on your personal preferences for pseudocode.
I will now assume that a truly secure hash algorithm does this automatically and move on.
How about using hash(n + previous_hash) ?-)
hash(n+previous_hash) is also totally unacceptable. Each new hash value has a 1/(2^hashlength) chance of colliding with another sequence created using an arbitrarily chosen SEED. Again, I invoke the birthday paradox. After 2^(1/2*hashlength)==sqrt(2^hashlength) new numbers there will be a 50% probability of the two sequences colliding and being the same sequence thereafter.
I suppose you probably already understood this to some degree, as you put a "?-)" after your question, but I decided to answer seriously anyway.
By the way, IANACE (I am not a cryptology expert), but I have read some books on it and taken a course at CTY, and have also done some of my own research online and theoretically (ie, thought experiments having to do with ideal systems AND practical systems).
The problem with this, of course, is that due to the Birthday Paradox, you will start creating a loop after (on average) sqrt(NUMBER_OF_POSSIBLE_HASH_OUTPUTS). For short messages, this is usually okay, but for long streams of "random" bytes, this is totally unacceptable.
On the other hand, you could use a stream based on the following:
hash("1"+SEED)+ ... ...
hash("2"+SEED)+
hash("3"+SEED)+
hash("4"+SEED)+
hash("1231142"+SEED)+
hash("1231143"+SEED)+
assuming that your hash has a distribution indistinguishable from a random distribution.
By the way, the reason you put the SEED after the consecutive strings is that if two different seeds result in the same hash state, it will not matter since they are editing the state instead of creating it initially. Assuming a secure hash, hash(A)==hash(B) does not imply that hash(C+A)==hash(C+B) although in all modern hashes that I know of, it usually implies that hash(A+C)==hash(B+C) since new data edits the old state, and old data has no chance of editing the new state.
I hope my explanation makes sense, but if it doesn't, ask questions and I'd be happy to elaborate.
That's what calculus is for. It's so that the people selling the software/music/media/stuff/whatever can graph the people willing to pay against the price. Then they plot their expected profits for each price against that in order to find the optimal price.
People like you and me and anyone else who thinks the products are overpriced are not going to buy them. Either the companies making the products will be forced to lower the price to a more optimal one, or they will be able to keep it at the same price.
The problem is that they are claiming loss of sales for piracy done by people who never would have bought the game in the first place since the price is not right.
Granted, I am not a gamer and don't even bother to download these things since I don't have the time to play them, so take my gaming specific claims with a grain of salt.
GP meant that the US Congress doesn't have jurisdiction over other international crime rings.
They also called it "CAN-SPAM" which implies...
Just sayin'
I wonder who comes up with these acronyms?
The laws about sexual assault and things like that are compared state by state here. Overall, consensus seems to be on age differences of more than three years being a problem, but specific age restrictions vary from state to state, as do charges.
The biggest problem that I see with touch interfaces on notebooks and other computers is that the most comfortable angle to view something is very different from the most comfortable angle to drag your finger across something. This is why notebooks have a vertical screen and o horizontal keyboard and touchpad.
I'd much rather have a multi-touch mouse pad that takes up the entire base of the notebook that can double as a keyboard by sensing where your hands are resting. The only problem I see with that is that there is no tactile feedback, but I think that you would get used to it after a while, especially if the computer "learned" what keys you want to press when you put your fingers in certain positions.