TCP goes into congestion avoidance and fast retransmit and recovery (for example TCP-Reno). The connection might be touching maximum rate but you are not seeing it!
2. If your file transfer is over a large round trip time then TCP rate gets dilated: (File-Size / N*RTT)
where RTT is round trip time and N is the number of round trips required to transport the page.
3. If you are downloading the file, from "somewhere out there" then the bottleneck might be "somewhere out there" and not in your setup. Please recall, the bottleneck will cause TCP to de-accelerate whenever it sees a packet loss.
Its PET or fMRI for functional scans. If i understand it correctly with MRI there are two clear advantages over PET scanners: 1. no radio-active agent is needed, and 2. the radiologists get the functional as well as the anotomical details- the flesh and its function, to say vulgalrly.
With the latest 3D imaging tools available with diagnostic machines its easy for the neuro-surgeons to plan the surgeries to much better detail.
Marketing is another issue. Obviously the customers are either radiologists or neuro-surgoens. The two people are tuned to their professional habits. It would be hard for the marketing/sales people to cause the change. My opinion is that companies need a pack of very good application-specialists. Application-specialists are breed of people who not only understand how the phased-array coils work but can also explain the C, T and L spine to the radiologists with equivalent ease! So maybe the diagnostic companies focus on their applicaiton-specialists instead of wasting too much on ads etc. Pure marketing/sales skills will not be enough for such a specialized tool.
That 'd be a wow because the system was some hours into operation after an installation. I had niether POPed any email nor opened Yahoo/Hotmail/t-online accounts.
Actually till now i never realized that using linux all the time had me kind of think immune to viruses! But there is reality. You maybe right.
This is an extension what i wrote above. It would not be totally fair to say that MS-Windows is not used at my house. My wife teaches computer at a local school and often uses children CDs almost all of which use MS-Windows. So I have kept the XP partition.
I have never got involved in MS Vs. Linux religios wars! However, this summer my mom came to visit me in Germany (from Asia) and from her experience with both OSs i have a better opinion!
I am a PhD. candidate. My work is wrapped around simulations for which I trust Linux/Debian. At house i've Suse 8.2 simply because it was the most painless installation of any OS i had ever made in my life.
My mom has an incurable habit of reading and writing. When she arrived i thought i would use the holidays to teach her to "use-the-mouse" and if that succeeds then treach her to do "google and surf" . I thought internet would probably catch her interest. I have to admit what follows was a lesson for me too.
Agreeing to the user-friendliness of Windows, i contemplated of installing XP as i thought it would make the job easier for her. It took some days before i could do that so for the intermediate phase i exposed mom to the already installed Suse. Partly because of my under-estimation of her IQ, and mostly because of her determination to prove to me that PhD is "just another degree" she could do "mouse" and "google" in a couple of days (half an hour after her first lone journey into the internet, i found 50+ empty mozilla browsers running!).
About a week later i installed XP (partition) and asked her to use it instead. Here is the summary of her questions/discussion before i switched her back to Suse!
1. Who are Carina, Angelaxxx, SusyDeep, TOM, etc? and why do you have friends like that??!?!?!
I use t-online. Unsolicited messages are norm. People familiar with these messages would know the content of these messages! No matter how much i try to convince mom that i have nothing to do with "those friends" she is still suspicious of me:-)
2. "People have lost fortunes in gambling. Its the slippery back of the snail. Stop gambling."
You see, when she opened a website in Explorer she recieved web-advertisements. A lot of them. I do not know the reason and i do not have the statistics to back it up, but i have also felt that the number of advertisements/pop-ups are far more in MS Windows/Explorer as compared to Mozilla/Linux. She had seen advertisements from online casinos!
3. There is something wrong with your computer because i can not read the text?
It is one of those things that is almost unbelievable but the website (our local newspaper in Urdu language) which she could read in Mozilla simply did not show the text in Explorer. I know you would say "font" but hey which OS had all the fonts on its side!
4. There is something wrong with your power-supply plug!
Thats what she thought was the reason for the machine "rebooting" itself every now and then. Honestly, i have not had the time to figure out why XP does this on my AMD Athlon machine- auto-reboot 2/3 times per week? Till the time i know the exact reason i would just think that there is something wrong with power-supply cable!
etc. etc.
You get the picture why i simply switched back.
I will add one thing before i pen off. I installed Suse 8.2 from DVD and it was the most painless installation experience of my life... 14-15 minutes and everything was working, including nVidia card and the DSL! I got to tell you that it went so smooth that i really thought that something was wrong! Once the system was running i could update everything (patches etc.) within half an hour with 2-3 clicks of mouse. I love Debian's "apt-get" now i love YAST too.
I have a much better opinion now. Thanks mom.
p.s. Back home, she is insisting that my younger brother install the "soosey" too:-)
Maybe I did not understand the article but chances are that maybe i did!
For distributed routing every router takes its own decision. SPF is used. Assume OSPF now. Routers basically set weights on its interfaces/ports. There are two types of weights: static and dynamic.For static weights there is nothing much a router can do except obey (a lazy) administrator's decision.Dynamic weight setting gives a router some freedom. It may set its interface weights depending upon the available bandwidth. It could even penalize congestion by choosing very high weights for loads more than say 95% of the link capacity.
But there is a small problem commonly known as "osciallation". Consider two links A and B connected to a router. Router finds out that A is congested so it sets a high weight on interface A. This leads to shift of traffic from link A to link B. At some point link B will become loaded. Now the router sets interface B weight high. Question: where will the traffic of link B go now? Right. To link A!! This is oscillation.
MPLE/IP: In MPLS/IP networks it is possible to do load balancing based on the utilization of the links. The traffic being virtual-circuit would use the same path for the duration of its existance as LSP. No unnecessary oscillations here.
Offline Weight Optimization: Bandwidth is the resource. Customers produce demand. The objective function, for example, could be to minimize Maximum Link Utilization. There are some constraints, for example, total demand will not exceed the link capacity, etc etc. How this global (entire network) optimization problem is solved is not a big deal, the big deal, however, is the result. The solution provides a set of weights which when set on the interfaces leads to a load-balanced and better utilized network.
Point : Humans maybe greedy but mathematics is generous!
Somebody earlier mentioned about the "burstiness" of internet traffic. To be more precise it is the On-Off nature of a single traffic source, or a user. Simply put, the user is ON when he/she, for example, downloads a page, and is OFF while reading it. Internet users cycle through this behaviour.
Since many users are dynamically using bandwidth the ISP benefits from the fact that their peak usage is uncorrelated in time (lets stay from fractality for simplicities sake). Thus burstiness leads to what is called "statistical multiplexing" which actually offers powerful economic advantage.
Thus traffic aggregation is a key design feature of todays internet.
Every user has a peak-bandwidth usage (P) during ON phase. This is interleaved by long periods of silence, or OFF phase. Understandably the average-bandwidth (A) of each user is much less than peak usage, or A is less than P.
When ISP provisions his network what should he consider? A or P?
If he commits to P then he will always be in a position to fullfil the user demand whenever it may happen. User gets QoS but ISP gets shafted as the network will be most of the time underutilized.
If he commits to A then each transfer would be spread out in time, and each user would feel the that service is unsatifactory. But the ISP benefits from the fact that he can have "more" customers as compared to the earlier case.
Example (units ignored) P = 20 A = 10 Bandwidth = 100
ISP committing P will have 100/20 = 5 customers ISP committing A will have 100/10 = 10 customers
Now i did mention that users would feel that "service is unsatisfactory". It is due to the fact that more that 85% of internet traffic is TCP and is elastic in nature which roughly means that each additional user of the bandwidth will result in decreased available bandwidth to every other user using it.
Theoratically there is an optimal point, or a certain number of users, upto which aggregation is desirable. Under this point, aggregation is small but QoS is high. Beyond this point the aggregation is high but the users begin to feel the impact in shape of degraded QoS.
Congestion pricing is one of the ways of moving the number-of-users to that optimal operating point.
The answer to the question lies in the actual need of a user. If a user's work encompasses using software applications (Office, email, MP3s etc) then most probably (s)he will go for Microsoft. Windows is like an average japenese car, which functions like an application on-use-off cycle to which people dont give a damn how the engine works? Please note that over the years that darned-blue-screen is becoming infrequent too.
The reliability of a software product/system is inherently integrated to the operating platform that it runs on. The developers and engineers of such products cannot afford to run their creations on something they dont know intrinsically. It is a matter of trust. Linux gives that chance. It actually offers a two pronged advantage: first that it is open and thus can be theoratically self engineered to any level of satisfaction and reliability, and second is the cost. So we readily have Outpacing (more quality for less money) working in advantage of Linux.
In my field of work, we run long (running over days) simulations. As you can imagine we cannot even think of using an OS which has a high probability of crashing. So we use Debian. I believe not even Microsoft will want us to use Windows because our system usage time goes well beyond their average-time-to-crash projections.
Personally, i use SUSE at home mainly because its installation and upgrade is the least of bothers. The point is that i donot want to spend hours of my evening wrestling with my computer- hey, i do that the whole day so not again in the evening. Therefore i keep an old windows 98 handy - just in case.
Does that make me slaughter-able? ) No, i dont believe so.. in evenings i just need to "use" applications: musics, emails, letters, etc. For that purpose i use SUSE 99% of the time but sometime when SUSE gets bad and i am not feeling like pushing my hours further i just use Windows. I relax and then get back to Linux.:))
It is far easier and cheaper to get any software and hardware in Pakistan! As you already know there are no strict laws on piracy so everything is dirt cheap. Also the second monitors should not be more than 30-40 USD per piece. But the point remains the guys did a nice job and put together a nice system.
Cmon people. lets give ourselves a break. I mean how long we are going to dvelve into treating LINUX as a underdog!!? Its now a "main" stream system and is here to stay. Are we ever going to get over this wide-eyed response to every news relating to it!!!
If you are wondering.. i use DEBIAN at work and SUSE at home. Does that qualify me to be made some kinda saint/prophet in some kinda geek religion?
Heck, linux is not the 11th commandment and Linus didnot bring the first ten either!!;-)
Controlled information to controlled groups has a destabilizing potential. In my opinion the more open a technology is the less destabilizing effect it has, and the more useful it is to the human race. An example from the other extreme is the Fussion/Fission technology. What is more destabilizing? A-bomb technology with 7 countries or just one monopolistic country! In that context, atleast there is conscious social effort to bring the threat down when all 7 know what response they would get if they use it?!? Would country A consider giving it up when it knew it was the "only" country possessing it? Chances are it would use it often to keep its advantage!
One could argue what if one such "technology" lands in the hands of an extremist group (you can think of many, i dont want to get into that)- agreed this is possible but think for a moment that these groups are products of "closed" information in "closed" groups. The "discovery" which motivates these groups is totally logical and beneficial in their own minds. They donot discuss it, they donot disclose it, they donot "democratise" their discovery. Its the closed loop of information that keeps them going. So we have to be careful about the advantage/disadvantage of a technology is itself a moot point. What is one man's advantage is another man's disadvantage. So maybe in your mind the technology has a certain advantage/disadvantage but in other people's view it maybe totally contrary- and probably true as well. Opening and disclosing your discovery will trigger further research and further improvement.
From a personal point of view, i am doing my PhD - details of which are irrelevant here - but i can openly admit that it would not have been possible without "Google"! I am sure many will agree that it is the openness of information which has contributed more to the "critical mass of knowledge" than anything else. Thanks to all those.pdf and.ps files the world is progressing. They will save us;)
No-one mentions the Shortest Path First Alogirthm!! Cmon guys think about an internet without Dijkstra's SPF!
Threads/Tasks etc have their foundation in the work he did for Semaphores. The fanciest ADA protected types and Java Monitors can trace their origins to Dijkstra.
I would like to know when did these 200K+ got their own US nationalities;)
I propose that companies give precedence to (n-1)th generation Americans over nth generation Americans! This law should be valid for both American and Non-American companies wether they exist in US or not! Also each one of the "highly educated individuals with C++ and Java language skills" should be given all the perks and salary he, or she, DEMANDS! Its only logical, isnt it?;)
just a month ago i was pondering over the same question.. and finally realized that there is/was no short cut!
There are so many new things on the block, since i left university a decade ago, that honestly i felt i was probably mathematically handicapped! But just after a month i am beginning to get comfortable.
There are some lessons i have learnt on the way. The first is to to go slow: take a problem at a time and try to solve it by the earlier learnt methods. Then run a simple query on internet for the scope of your problem.. you will find many phd thesis, technical reports, and often tutorials on the topic. From the results pick out 5 or 6 most frequently applied NEW methods and then start getting deeper into them. I generally start with looking for a comparison study on the selected methods which in my opinion is very useful. This initial research tells me of what the hell has happened in last ten years:) Another important thing that i have learnt is that most new methods are relatively more "user-friendly" than the ones we had in earlier times. The visualization and application of the new(er) methods is better. Lastly, do not waste time on mathematical equations until you know exactly the concept that goes behind them. I mean.. the concept behind Wavelet Transforms is more elegant and beautiful than the mathematical mumbo-jumbo that explain it with equations!
I suppose people are already familiar with Controlled Area Networks in Autos. I have been told(and not lazily verfied) that a company called Vector holds some kinda monopolistic hold over CAN bus technology.
The idea of running an IP network in a car is not new. I know of atleast one R&D project at our Uni which is done by "Institute of Communication Networks and Computer Engineering" which investigates among other things, developing a communication architecture in an auto...the research to run an IP network on Das Auto! Read more here I am sure there are other projects like this taking place elsewhere as well. It seems soon internet will find its way to our carburtors!!
I had heard a lot about GAs ( initial work by John Holland) before and was fascinated by the natural appeal of the idea: evoluation and "survuval of the fittest" strategy. Intrigued, i recently used a GA to solve a complex problem and was truly amazed by its efficiency. On the same kind of problems the classical solutions take longer(much longer) time.
But GAs face their share of criticism. For example a strong solution/chromosome in a population can lead the entire population to follow(just like real life), or when after some iterations the difference between the best and worst solutions is not too much... the algorithm stops. The trick is then to have "Diversity" in the chromosome population( think about the Immigration schemes by the developed countries) and simultaneously allowing the solution to "Converge". It would be wrong not to mention R.B Holstein whose Selection Criteria are of trumendous value for handling both Diversity and Convergance at the same time.
Given everything, i think GAs should be ranked in the top 10 algorithms.
Could somebody tell us what the consequences are ? Precisely?!?
Common sense says that when billion tonnes of ice will melt, it will go somewhere?? My house is on the top of a hill but what about others? Are we 0+ (zero plus ) on the ice-age cycle?
Why doesnot President Bush Fire Ma'm Rice and hire you as his precious advisor?! You almost know inside-out of everything that moved on this side of Timbuktoo. Let March 15, 2002 go peacefully then I 'll come back to you and say you wont fire Nukes?!? And whats with you Indians? somebodyin India says I got flu, and you put this on Pakistan!?! Some dude mentioned of Grid Computing of which i am sure know nothing about, and you burnt all your gaskets for the "informative" pass-time. Hey, a good idea is to out-source it to Pakistan, they will do it for you,ofcourse as Pakis have contacts with USA, USSR, China, Korea, Afghanistan( old and new) President Bush, President Bush Sr., CIA, FBI, XYZ, PERL, LINUS, Bill Gates, James Bond, Stalin's girlfriend, etc etc. You see Pakistanis can even induce Flu in your country via 3G mobile networks. Seriously.
Hey man, why doesnot President Bush Fire Ma'm Rice and hire you as his precious advisor?! You almost know inside-out of everything that moved on this side of Timbuktoo. Let March 15, 2002 go peacefully then I 'll come back to you and say you wont fire Nukes?!? And whats with you Indians? somebodyin India says I got flu, and you put this on Pakistan!?! Some dude mentioned of Grid Computing of which i am sure know nothing about, and you burnt all your gaskets for the "informative" pass-time. Hey, a good idea is to out-source it to Pakistan, they will do it for you,ofcourse as Pakis have contacts with USA, USSR, China, Korea, Afghanistan( old and new) President Bush, President Bush Sr., CIA, FBI, XYZ, PERL, LINUS, Bill Gates, James Bond, Stalin's girlfriend, etc etc. You see Pakistanis can even induce Flu in your country via 3G mobile networks. Seriously.
Slashdot Mirror
1. What you are seeing is average rate.
TCP goes into congestion avoidance and fast retransmit and recovery (for example TCP-Reno). The connection might be touching maximum rate but you are not seeing it!
2. If your file transfer is over a large round trip time then TCP rate gets dilated: (File-Size / N*RTT)
where RTT is round trip time and N is the number of round trips required to transport the page.
3. If you are downloading the file, from "somewhere out there" then the bottleneck might be "somewhere out there" and not in your setup. Please recall, the bottleneck will cause TCP to de-accelerate whenever it sees a packet loss.
2/100 dollars.
Internet traffic is
Its PET or fMRI for functional scans. If i understand it correctly with MRI there are two clear advantages over PET scanners:
1. no radio-active agent is needed, and
2. the radiologists get the functional as well as the anotomical details- the flesh and its function, to say vulgalrly.
With the latest 3D imaging tools available with diagnostic machines its easy for the neuro-surgeons to plan the surgeries to much better detail.
Marketing is another issue. Obviously the customers are either radiologists or neuro-surgoens. The two people are tuned to their professional habits. It would be hard for the marketing/sales people to cause the change. My opinion is that companies need a pack of very good application-specialists. Application-specialists are breed of people who not only understand how the phased-array coils work but can also explain the C, T and L spine to the radiologists with equivalent ease! So maybe the diagnostic companies focus on their applicaiton-specialists instead of wasting too much on ads etc. Pure marketing/sales skills will not be enough for such a specialized tool.
That 'd be a wow because the system was some hours into operation after an installation. I had niether POPed any email nor opened Yahoo/Hotmail/t-online accounts.
Actually till now i never realized that using linux all the time had me kind of think immune to viruses! But there is reality. You maybe right.
This is an extension what i wrote above. It would not be totally fair to say that MS-Windows is not used at my house. My wife teaches computer at a local school and often uses children CDs almost all of which use MS-Windows. So I have kept the XP partition.
I have never got involved in MS Vs. Linux religios wars! However, this summer my mom came to visit me in Germany (from Asia) and from her experience with both OSs i have a better opinion!
:-)
:-)
I am a PhD. candidate. My work is wrapped around simulations for which I trust Linux/Debian. At house i've Suse 8.2 simply because it was the most painless installation of any OS i had ever made in my life.
My mom has an incurable habit of reading and writing. When she arrived i thought i would use the holidays to teach her to "use-the-mouse" and if that succeeds then treach her to do "google and surf" . I thought internet would probably catch her interest. I have to admit what follows was a lesson for me too.
Agreeing to the user-friendliness of Windows, i contemplated of installing XP as i thought it would make the job easier for her. It took some days before i could do that so for the intermediate phase i exposed mom to the already installed Suse. Partly because of my under-estimation of her IQ, and mostly because of her determination to prove to me that PhD is "just another degree" she could do "mouse" and "google" in a couple of days (half an hour after her first lone journey into the internet, i found 50+ empty mozilla browsers running!).
About a week later i installed XP (partition) and asked her to use it instead. Here is the summary of her questions/discussion before i switched her back to Suse!
1. Who are Carina, Angelaxxx, SusyDeep, TOM, etc? and why do you have friends like that??!?!?!
I use t-online. Unsolicited messages are norm. People familiar with these messages would know the content of these messages! No matter how much i try to convince mom that i have nothing to do with "those friends" she is still suspicious of me
2. "People have lost fortunes in gambling. Its the slippery back of the snail. Stop gambling."
You see, when she opened a website in Explorer she recieved web-advertisements. A lot of them. I do not know the reason and i do not have the statistics to back it up, but i have also felt that the number of advertisements/pop-ups are far more in MS Windows/Explorer as compared to Mozilla/Linux. She had seen advertisements from online casinos!
3. There is something wrong with your computer because i can not read the text?
It is one of those things that is almost unbelievable but the website (our local newspaper in Urdu language) which she could read in Mozilla simply did not show the text in Explorer. I know you would say "font" but hey which OS had all the fonts on its side!
4. There is something wrong with your power-supply plug!
Thats what she thought was the reason for the machine "rebooting" itself every now and then. Honestly, i have not had the time to figure out why XP does this on my AMD Athlon machine- auto-reboot 2/3 times per week? Till the time i know the exact reason i would just think that there is something wrong with power-supply cable!
etc. etc.
You get the picture why i simply switched back.
I will add one thing before i pen off. I installed Suse 8.2 from DVD and it was the most painless installation experience of my life... 14-15 minutes and everything was working, including nVidia card and the DSL! I got to tell you that it went so smooth that i really thought that something was wrong! Once the system was running i could update everything (patches etc.) within half an hour with 2-3 clicks of mouse. I love Debian's "apt-get" now i love YAST too.
I have a much better opinion now. Thanks mom.
p.s.
Back home, she is insisting that my younger brother install the "soosey" too
Maybe I did not understand the article but chances are that maybe i did!
For distributed routing every router takes its own decision. SPF is used. Assume OSPF now. Routers
basically set weights on its interfaces/ports. There are two types of weights: static and dynamic.For static weights there is nothing much a router can do except obey (a lazy) administrator's decision.Dynamic weight setting gives a router some freedom. It may set its interface weights depending upon the available bandwidth. It could even penalize congestion by choosing very high weights for loads more than say 95% of the link capacity.
But there is a small problem commonly known as "osciallation". Consider two links A and B connected to a router. Router finds out that A is congested so it sets a high weight on interface A. This leads to shift of traffic from link A to link B. At some point link B will become loaded. Now the router sets interface B weight high.
Question: where will the traffic of link B go now? Right. To link A!! This is oscillation.
MPLE/IP:
In MPLS/IP networks it is possible to do load balancing based on the utilization of the links. The traffic being virtual-circuit would use the same path for the duration of its existance as LSP. No unnecessary oscillations here.
Offline Weight Optimization:
Bandwidth is the resource. Customers produce demand. The objective function, for example, could be to minimize Maximum Link Utilization. There are some constraints, for example, total demand will not exceed the link capacity, etc etc. How this global (entire network) optimization problem is solved is not a big deal, the big deal, however, is the result. The solution provides a set of weights which when set on the interfaces leads to a load-balanced and better utilized network.
Point : Humans maybe greedy but mathematics is generous!
Somebody earlier mentioned about the "burstiness" of internet traffic. To be more precise it is the On-Off nature of a single traffic source, or a user. Simply put, the user is ON when he/she, for example, downloads a page, and is OFF while reading it. Internet users cycle through this behaviour.
Since many users are dynamically using bandwidth the ISP benefits from the fact that their peak usage is uncorrelated in time (lets stay from fractality for simplicities sake). Thus burstiness leads to what is called "statistical multiplexing" which actually offers powerful economic advantage.
Thus traffic aggregation is a key design feature of todays internet.
Every user has a peak-bandwidth usage (P) during ON phase. This is interleaved by long periods of silence, or OFF phase. Understandably the average-bandwidth (A) of each user is much less than peak usage, or A is less than P.
When ISP provisions his network what should he consider? A or P?
If he commits to P then he will always be in a position to fullfil the user demand whenever it may happen. User gets QoS but ISP gets shafted as the network will be most of the time underutilized.
If he commits to A then each transfer would be spread out in time, and each user would feel the that service is unsatifactory. But the ISP benefits from the fact that he can have "more" customers as compared to the earlier case.
Example (units ignored)
P = 20
A = 10
Bandwidth = 100
ISP committing P will have 100/20 = 5 customers
ISP committing A will have 100/10 = 10 customers
Now i did mention that users would feel that "service is unsatisfactory". It is due to the fact that more that 85% of internet traffic is TCP and is elastic in nature which roughly means that each additional user of the bandwidth will result in decreased available bandwidth to every other user using it.
Theoratically there is an optimal point, or a certain number of users, upto which aggregation is desirable. Under this point, aggregation is small but QoS is high. Beyond this point the aggregation is high but the users begin to feel the impact in shape of degraded QoS.
Congestion pricing is one of the ways of moving the number-of-users to that optimal operating point.
The answer to the question lies in the actual need of a user. If a user's work encompasses using software applications (Office, email, MP3s etc) then most probably (s)he will go for Microsoft. Windows is like an average japenese car, which functions like an application on-use-off cycle to which people dont give a damn how the engine works? Please note that over the years that darned-blue-screen is becoming infrequent too.
:))
The reliability of a software product/system is inherently integrated to the operating platform that it runs on. The developers and engineers of such products cannot afford to run their creations on something they dont know intrinsically. It is a matter of trust. Linux gives that chance. It actually offers a two pronged advantage: first that it is open and thus can be theoratically self engineered to any level of satisfaction and reliability, and second is the cost. So we readily have Outpacing (more quality for less money) working in advantage of Linux.
In my field of work, we run long (running over days) simulations. As you can imagine we cannot even think of using an OS which has a high probability of crashing. So we use Debian. I believe not even Microsoft will want us to use Windows because our system usage time goes well beyond their average-time-to-crash projections.
Personally, i use SUSE at home mainly because its installation and upgrade is the least of bothers. The point is that i donot want to spend hours of my evening wrestling with my computer- hey, i do that the whole day so not again in the evening. Therefore i keep an old windows 98 handy - just in case.
Does that make me slaughter-able? ) No, i dont believe so.. in evenings i just need to "use" applications: musics, emails, letters, etc. For that purpose i use SUSE 99% of the time but sometime when SUSE gets bad and i am not feeling like pushing my hours further i just use Windows. I relax and then get back to Linux.
my 2 cents (version 8.0)
Remember General Electric-Honeywell!!!
you can get "any" software for the price of a CD. Presently the govtt. is tightening up the grip on piracy but it is still a long way.
Monitors-this is second-hand/refurbished stuff that costs really that much. It is mostly sourced from Taiwan and China.
It is far easier and cheaper to get any software and hardware in Pakistan! As you already know there are no strict laws on piracy so everything is dirt cheap. Also the second monitors should not be more than 30-40 USD per piece. But the point remains the guys did a nice job and put together a nice system.
To test the new computer i was buying (and getting), i took my Knoppix CD along.
:)
I bought the box which caused the least trouble!
Knoppix was more than helpful
Cmon people. lets give ourselves a break. I mean how long we are going to dvelve into treating LINUX as a underdog!!? Its now a "main" stream system and is here to stay. Are we ever going to get over this wide-eyed response to every news relating to it!!!
;-)
If you are wondering.. i use DEBIAN at work and SUSE at home. Does that qualify me to be made some kinda saint/prophet in some kinda geek religion?
Heck, linux is not the 11th commandment and Linus didnot bring the first ten either!!
just publish it!
.pdf and .ps files the world is progressing. They will save us ;)
Controlled information to controlled groups has a destabilizing potential. In my opinion the more open a technology is the less destabilizing effect it has, and the more useful it is to the human race. An example from the other extreme is the Fussion/Fission technology. What is more destabilizing? A-bomb technology with 7 countries or just one monopolistic country! In that context, atleast there is conscious social effort to bring the threat down when all 7 know what response they would get if they use it?!? Would country A consider giving it up when it knew it was the "only" country possessing it? Chances are it would use it often to keep its advantage!
One could argue what if one such "technology" lands in the hands of an extremist group (you can think of many, i dont want to get into that)- agreed this is possible but think for a moment that these groups are products of "closed" information in "closed" groups. The "discovery" which motivates these groups is totally logical and beneficial in their own minds. They donot discuss it, they donot disclose it, they donot "democratise" their discovery. Its the closed loop of information that keeps them going. So we have to be careful about the advantage/disadvantage of a technology is itself a moot point. What is one man's advantage is another man's disadvantage. So maybe in your mind the technology has a certain advantage/disadvantage but in other people's view it maybe totally contrary- and probably true as well. Opening and disclosing your discovery will trigger further research and further improvement.
From a personal point of view, i am doing my PhD - details of which are irrelevant here - but i can openly admit that it would not have been possible without "Google"! I am sure many will agree that it is the openness of information which has contributed more to the "critical mass of knowledge" than anything else. Thanks to all those
No-one mentions the Shortest Path First Alogirthm!! Cmon guys think about an internet without Dijkstra's SPF!
Threads/Tasks etc have their foundation in the work he did for Semaphores. The fanciest ADA protected types and Java Monitors can trace their origins to Dijkstra.
I would like to know when did these 200K+ got their own US nationalities
I propose that companies give precedence to (n-1)th generation Americans over nth generation Americans! This law should be valid for both American and Non-American companies wether they exist in US or not! Also each one of the "highly educated individuals with C++ and Java language skills" should be given all the perks and salary he, or she, DEMANDS! Its only logical, isnt it?
just a month ago i was pondering over the same question..
:) Another important thing that i have learnt ..
and finally realized that there is/was no short cut!
There are so many new things on the block, since i left
university a decade ago, that honestly i felt i was
probably mathematically handicapped! But just after
a month i am beginning to get comfortable.
There are some lessons i have learnt on the way. The first
is to to go slow: take a problem at a time and try to solve it by the earlier
learnt methods. Then run a simple query on internet
for the scope of your problem.. you will find many
phd thesis, technical reports, and often tutorials
on the topic. From the results pick out 5 or 6 most
frequently applied NEW methods and then start getting
deeper into them. I generally start with looking
for a comparison study on the selected methods which
in my opinion is very useful. This initial research tells me
of what the hell has happened in last
ten years
is that most new methods are relatively more "user-friendly"
than the ones we had in earlier times. The visualization
and application of the new(er) methods is better.
Lastly, do not waste time on mathematical equations until you know
exactly the concept that goes behind them. I mean
the concept behind Wavelet Transforms
is more elegant and beautiful than the mathematical
mumbo-jumbo that explain it with equations!
my two cents.
As cracked my good ole Leslie:
login : login
passoword : password
should work.
I suppose people are already familiar with Controlled Area Networks in Autos. I have been told(and not lazily verfied) that a company called Vector holds some kinda monopolistic hold over CAN bus technology.
The idea of running an IP network in a car is not new. I know of atleast one R&D project at our Uni which is done by "Institute of Communication Networks and Computer Engineering" which investigates among other things, developing a communication architecture in an auto...the research to run an IP network on Das Auto! Read more
here
I am sure there are other projects like this taking place elsewhere as well.
It seems soon internet will find its way to our carburtors!!
Why doesnot anyone mention GAs?
I had heard a lot about GAs ( initial work by John Holland) before and was fascinated by the natural appeal of the idea: evoluation and "survuval of the fittest" strategy. Intrigued, i recently used a GA to solve a complex problem and was truly amazed by its efficiency. On the same kind of problems the classical solutions take longer(much longer) time.
But GAs face their share of criticism. For example a strong solution/chromosome in a population can lead the entire population to follow(just like real life), or when after some iterations the difference between the best and worst solutions is not too much... the algorithm stops. The trick is then to have "Diversity" in the chromosome population( think about the Immigration schemes by the developed countries) and simultaneously allowing the solution to "Converge". It would be wrong not to mention R.B Holstein whose Selection Criteria are of trumendous value for handling both Diversity and Convergance at the same time.
Given everything, i think GAs should be ranked in the top 10 algorithms.
I figured that out!! My neighbour is at the bottom of the hill and doesnot have a towel either?!?!? ;)
Any estimates when everbody "will" need to buy a towel?
Could somebody tell us what the consequences are ? Precisely?!?
Common sense says that when billion tonnes of ice will melt, it will go somewhere?? My house is on the top of a hill but what about others?
Are we 0+ (zero plus ) on the ice-age cycle?
Why doesnot President Bush Fire Ma'm Rice and hire you as his precious advisor?! You almost know inside-out of everything that moved on this side of Timbuktoo.
Let March 15, 2002 go peacefully then I 'll come back to you and say you wont fire Nukes?!? And whats with you Indians? somebodyin India says I got flu, and you put this on Pakistan!?!
Some dude mentioned of Grid Computing of which i am sure know nothing about, and you burnt all your gaskets for the "informative" pass-time.
Hey, a good idea is to out-source it to Pakistan, they will do it for you,ofcourse as Pakis have contacts with USA, USSR, China, Korea, Afghanistan( old and new) President Bush, President Bush Sr., CIA, FBI, XYZ, PERL, LINUS, Bill Gates, James Bond, Stalin's girlfriend, etc etc. You see Pakistanis can even induce Flu in your country via 3G mobile networks. Seriously.
Hey man, why doesnot President Bush Fire Ma'm Rice and hire you as his precious advisor?! You almost know inside-out of everything that moved on this side of Timbuktoo.
Let March 15, 2002 go peacefully then I 'll come back to you and say you wont fire Nukes?!? And whats with you Indians? somebodyin India says I got flu, and you put this on Pakistan!?!
Some dude mentioned of Grid Computing of which i am sure know nothing about, and you burnt all your gaskets for the "informative" pass-time.
Hey, a good idea is to out-source it to Pakistan, they will do it for you,ofcourse as Pakis have contacts with USA, USSR, China, Korea, Afghanistan( old and new) President Bush, President Bush Sr., CIA, FBI, XYZ, PERL, LINUS, Bill Gates, James Bond, Stalin's girlfriend, etc etc. You see Pakistanis can even induce Flu in your country via 3G mobile networks. Seriously.