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  1. October - end 6 months darkness; sun + Cl reaction on Ozone Hole Getting Smaller · · Score: 1

    Thanks for nailing the false claim about the ozone hole existing before CFC use; as you note, the actual Dobson numbers dropped only in the 1980s, what was called the ozone 'hole' began then, but the baseline goes way, way back (ozone unit of measurement since the 1920s, the oldest geophysical time series measurement there is).

    Gotta watch the source and check this stuff!

    Suggestion to the person who quoted the false (1950s) claim -- consider your source and ask yourself why someone could have fooled you into publishing verifiably wrong information.

    No matter what their politics, anyone can refer you to the science that's been published, to check before posting what you've been told uncritically. Those who don't teach you how to check the source info, aren't likely trustworthy.

    As to why -- October for measurement -- that's when the effect happens each year, because it's the end of the Antarctic winter (six months of darkness); the cold air vortex around the South Pole becomes illuminated at that point each year; if it's been a cold enough winter in the stratosphere, and high ice clouds are present as a substrate, the chlorine that's been carried that high by the very stable CFCs can then catalyze breakdown of O3 faster than the sunlight can break O2, and the total ozone amount drops. Then as the circumpolar vortex breaks down parcels of air that are low in ozone move out over inhabited areas (inhabited by plankton, people, whatever).

  2. xlr8yourmac.com / Databases / Drives -- find out on PowerBook Upgrade and Repair Guides · · Score: 1

    Check the drives database at www.xlr8yourmac.com -- search for anyone who's upgraded your model or related Macs and see what they had to do to make another model work. For a simple search enter only "OS X 10.4" -- that'll pick up a recent report on success with a Matshita/Panasonic combo model that works native, and newegg.com has it for under $80 right now.

  3. No, it's a 2-1/2" SCSI, antique, findable though on PowerBook Upgrade and Repair Guides · · Score: 1

    If nothing else turns up let me know and I'll go have a look in the boneyard, er, Powerbook Rest Home Closet Annex in the backyard shed. Any 1xx Powerbook except the PB150 has a 2-1/2" SCSI, they're interchangeable. Look around for an old one.

    Or find a PB150 -- mine has a 2-GB drive in it, direct swap since the 150 used the now common IDE hard drive instead of a SCSI.

  4. conspiracy and informed moderators on Ozone Hole Getting Smaller · · Score: 1


    Thank you.

  5. Dense air, reactive ozone; thin, ozone catalysis on Ozone Hole Getting Smaller · · Score: 1

    You're confusing ozone in the "ozone layer" at the edge of the atmosphere with ozone near the ground.

    The 'ozone hole' occurs at the elevation where UV light breaks O2 and O3 is produced -- the stratosphere, where the chlorine from chlorofluorocarbons ends up and hangs around as a catalyst, particularly in years when there are high water ice clouds ('noctilucent') on which catalysis takes place at a higher rate.

    Only the very stable CFCs persist long enough for diffusion to carry them up; at that level the chlorine can catalyze reactions for a very long while. (Bromine does far worse.)

    Ozone produced near the ground is a reactive species in dense air. It reacts and is a dangerous air pollutant, causes lung damage etc.

    The issue here, as my old geology professor used to point out, is that when you have a density gradient, the same chemistry produces very different effects depending on the density.

    He would add, sometimes, that information also produces very different effects, depending on which end of the density gradient it's applied to.

  6. Ozone measurements began in the 1920s -- see here on Ozone Hole Getting Smaller · · Score: 1

    Pick a database and location. Look at measured ozone level over Antarctica and you can see the "hole" (200 units was normal, before 1980s when the 'hole' clearly shows up and has since persisted). This isn't rocket science, this is geophysics. Destructive testing is ill-advised.

    http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ozwv/dobson/

    "... archived data, papers, and information pertaining to the total ozone project. The Dobson Ozone Spectrophotometer has been used to study total ozone since its development in the 1920's. The observations of total ozone, the total amount of ozone in a column from the surface to the edge of the atmosphere, by this instrument is one of the longest geophysical measurements series in existence. .... 100+ instruments worldwide.

    Graphs of current O3 values from our stations. (Includes preliminary data.)

    Archives currently containing selected daily O3 observations for 1962 through December 2003. You may need the key to the data format in this archive...

  7. Re:in the balance -- "volcanic CFCs"??!!??? on Ozone Hole Getting Smaller · · Score: 1

    "volcanic CFCs" ??

  8. "Per Capita" patent: use your head, pay our fee .. on Sun Files For Patent on Software Licensing Method · · Score: 1

    Amazing.

  9. Industry used chlorine; bromine would be worse on Ozone Hole Getting Smaller · · Score: 2, Interesting

    ".... mankind has been very lucky and that things could have been truly catastrophic, with an "ozone hole" occurring everywhere, if industry, instead of chlorine, would have produced similarly large quantities of bromine-containing compounds...."

    http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Admin/INF/lectures/Koopmans /koopmans_crutzen_2003.html/

    Simple chemistry, unknown at the time industry chose to use chlorine, marginally cheaper, over bromine, in freons etc.

    Bromine in those applications would've wiped the upper ozone layer worldwide.

    Oh, and the 'skeptics' (Hogan)? -- note the dates on those pages being proffered and the elevation of the effects described. That parrot's dead.

  10. Oops, no mention of CPU thermal transfer tape need on PowerBook Upgrade and Repair Guides · · Score: 5, Informative

    In the G3 Pismo guide, only one I checked, they tell you how to pull the heatsink OFF, make no mention of the quiet little popping noise you'll hear when you do (it's the double-sticky thermal transfer tape, a tiny little rectangle on top of the CPU that fails when the heatsink is moved even slightly).

    And they say to replace the heatsink. just do the reverse.

    Well, NO. Apple made it very easy to break the contact between CPU and heatsink, even accidentally, and once that's impaired overheating is going to become a problem.

    Look for posts in MacFixit forums, about G3s, Powerlogix, heatsinks, thermal transfer -- best advice I've seen has been put together by a fellow named Bruce Miller.

  11. SS-1 movie: rolled LEFT briefly, overcorrected? on SpaceShipOne to Attempt Second Flight on Monday · · Score: 1

    The movie shows a slight roll right of a few degrees, brief roll to the left of less than 90 degrees, then a roll to the right, a moment of hesitation and a fast and increasing roll to the right, all in about five seconds.

    Looks like what the X-15 archives describe happening to them, offhand. Not that I know anything (except how little we learn from history ....)

  12. Re:Last time? the X-15 roll problem ... on SpaceShipOne to Attempt Second Flight on Monday · · Score: 1

    A bit more from that page:

    The X-15's Powerful Roll Damper

    As speed and altitude increase, one pronounced effect on airplane control is a drastic decrease in the aerodynamic restoring forces that retard the oscillatory motions about the center of gravity. These restoring forces, which damp the motion, are effectively nonexistent over much of the X-15's flight regime, except at low speed and low altitude. Therefore, for precise control, it was necessary to provide artificial means for damping motions, through the control system. Damping about the pitch, roll and yaw axis had previously been something of a luxury for high-speed aircraft, but it became essential for the X-15. Furthermore, it had to be much more powerful than before. Previous automatic-damper systems bolstered pilot control only slightly, but the X-15 roll damper has twice the roll-control capability of the pilot. This strong stability-augmentation became a predominant part of the control system. ...

    --> Well worth reading; check the multiple control systems for different regimes. And the one vehicle and pilot lost in flight, when the X-15 somehow yawed sideways in space and re-entered the atmosphere sideways instead of pointy-end-first.

  13. Last time? the X-15 roll problem ... on SpaceShipOne to Attempt Second Flight on Monday · · Score: 1

    Last time, it turned out to be complicated, though solvable: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-60/ch -7.html/ "... The X-15's maximum altitude was extended to 354 200 feet, but not until after much trial and error..." "... though the tail surface provides stability in pitch and yaw, no purely aerodynamic means has been found to achieve roll stability, since the airflow remains symmetrical about the axis of rotation. The coupling between roll and yaw becomes more severe as vertical-tail size increases, and it has presented a multitude of problems to designers of high-speed aircraft. "The solution to the stability-and-control analysis is the development of an adequate mathematical model. But such an analysis also requires a mathematical model for the pilot..." Fascinating account there of how the roll problem was addressed with the earlier rocket-planes.

  14. Re:Okay, I'll Bite (a.k.a. "A Java Flame") on Have a Nice Steaming Cup of Java 5 · · Score: 1

    > their Java can never fill the > "write once, run anywhere" goal You're on the verge of the epiphany. That phrase, too, was written by lawyers. It means, "if you misuse our product ONCE, we'll hunt you down no matter where you run!" It's typical of the lawyer to use words backwards. "Infer" commonly means "imply" and vice versa. And -- remember the RIAA? -- "write" means "wrong."

  15. Re:How much "radio pollution" ...? By analogy ... on Germans Reach 360 Mbps in Mobile Network Tests · · Score: 1

    And a bit more rigorously worked out here, for two slightly different waves interacting. Imagine more than two... http://www.ams.org/new-in-math/roguewaves.pdf/

  16. Re:How much "radio pollution" ...? By analogy ... on Germans Reach 360 Mbps in Mobile Network Tests · · Score: 1

    Two authorities:
    1) Heinlein's "Waldo"
    2) What happens when many different frequencies exist in the same medium at the same time? You get localized extreme energy spikes. It took, oh, 200 years for this to be understood as actually happening on the ocean, although the math was clear that it would be expected.

    For ubiquitous wireless signals? Oh, probably no worse than upping the background level of energetic cosmic rays by a few orders of magnitude, and it wouldn't be provable harm so no economic cost involved to the industry should it happen.

    Same as with shipbuilding -- math said the waves would be there; but nobody on a really big ship ever came back reporting a really big wave, for many years, so they kept building them.

    (And losing them steadily ...)

    Worth considering.

    Viz: http://www.ifremer.fr/metocean/conferences/wk.htm

  17. Astronaut Gordon Cooper wrote about this ... on 60 Years Later: The V2 And The Space Race · · Score: 3, Interesting

    In "Leap of Faith" (Harper, ISBN 0-006-109877-9

    p. 172 "As we always said at the time, our Germans are better than their Germans.
    "The visitors to Wehrner's house included ... Joaquin "Jack" Keutner, with whom I worked in the early days of Mercury on the Redstone rocket program. Jack had some hair-raising flying stories to tell. In an attempt to improve the accuracy over the target, some V-1s were modified with a cockpit to allow for a pilot [air-dropped from a] twin-engine Junkers bomber. After being dropped free, he would air-start the "Flying Bomb." When they got within range of London he would release the bomb, then turn toward the French coast and ride the rocket home."

    p. 173: "At war's end, a manned V-2 was sitting on the pad at Peenemunde, all tested out, fueled up, and ready to go. It would have been launched on a low-energy easterly orbit, Jack explained. The plan: to drop a warhead on New York City. That 1945 manned rocket flight -- sixteen years before the first U.S. manned rocket flight -- came within a week or so of being launched."
    "Wehrner confided to me that the Germans were testing more than rockets at Peenemunde. "Some of the craft we were developing," he said, "were far ahead of anything the rest of the world had or knew about."

    p. 170: After a V-2 first hit London, Wehrner remarked to his colleagues, "the rocket worked perfectly, except for landing on the wrong planet."

  18. They're finding the sources of the Nile, you know. on Yet More Google Gazing · · Score: 1

    What Google can do is know, very early on, what people are looking for -- worldwide, by specific location, by demographics.

    If you don't remember the short story that nailed down the value of this knowlege, read Avram Davidson's story "The Source of the Nile" -- it nails this down.

    FANTASY & SCIENCE FICTION: ANTHOLOGIES (by content) ... The Best from Fantasy and Science Fiction: Eleventh Series. Mills, Robert

    P. Doubleday (1962). ... Davidson, Avram, Sources of the Nile, The, 1961 JAN, nv, ...

    www.sfsite.com/fsf/bibliography/ fsfanthstorieswhen11.htm

  19. Re:This is ...different. For electronics, design? on How Much Are You Paying For Electronics Labels? · · Score: 1

    The auto companies have overlapping ownership and common designs under different labels.

    For electronics, though, it's not at all clear that any of the companies selling brand name products to the Average Consumer market have any part of the design -- instead they're buying from Taiwan or Singapore or wherever the real innovation is happening, and selling to the United States.

    If you could lift the sheet metal off a Ford, a Chrysler, an Audi and a Saab and find, underneath, that you were in each case buying a Dowhatsu designed and produced in Szechuan, now, that would be a comparable situation.

    Belaying the argument about automobiles, I find the topic about electronics -- sourcing and labeling and pricing -- very interesting.

    Over and over, I can find items direct from Hong Kong or other overseas sellers that look to be exactly the same thing I'm finding advertised in the US market. I wonder all the time, where was this really thought up? Who's ripping who off -- is someone stealing a clever US design by making an extra hundred thousand of them for off-label sale? Or is someone charging double in the US for the same thing available in Hong Kong, spending half the take on the label, box and advertising and pocketing the difference.

    In either case, I'm paying more if I buy the product with the US label on it. Cui bono?

  20. Re:But how is it transmitted? on Artificial Prion Created · · Score: 1

    Great.

    I wonder if inhalation is going to be concern, given that the stuff can be produced artificially. There's an even shorter route to the brain than via the gut. I suppose if inhalation were a grossly risky pathway, British slaughterhouse workers who work in a mist of bone and blood without respirators would have been among the infected population -- but that would have been a very low concentration of prions in a whole lot of other material suitable for inducing coughing and otherwise making the body defend itself.

  21. Re:MAJOR OBJECTION on Free Certificate Authority Unveiled by Aussies · · Score: 2, Informative

    Hmm, I'm a notary in California, and the standard notary journal here, at least, have a place in which your identification is recorded (and if it's a real estate transaction, your thumbprint is mandatory now). The notary organizations have manuals dedicated to helping notaries around the country recognize real and forged state driver's licenses and other official identification that contains both a picture, a physical description and a signature.

    If a notary knows you personally, the notary can in most situations simply note that you were personally recognized in the journal.

    I used my ham radio call sign for the 'national ID' -- seemed an ideal choice for this situation.

  22. Re:Cheap equipment -- yes, go to http://www.ymouse on Do PS2-to-USB Keyboard Adapters Work? · · Score: 1

    I use a Kinesis ergonomic keyboard (kinesis-ergo.com), an older model that came with dual ADB and PS/2 connections.

    Moved from an older ADB Mac to a newer USB Mac.

    The "i-Mate" ADB to USB didn't work.

    The Y-Mouse connector from http://www.ymouse.com/ymouse.php
    works.

  23. AbiWord, Firefox, TextSoap crash only with APE on Unsanity Developer Comes to APE's Defense · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I tried Paranoid Android 1.2; accumulated immediate crashes from AbiWord and TextSoap, when doing anything involving a large block of text between them, whether by drag'n'drop or copy/paste.

    Removed APE, rebooted, problem gone.

    Reported to developer.

    Last time I tried APE, a year ago, similar problems persisted til I removed it. Reported it then too.

  24. Clie SJ30, before that Visor Edge, Palm IIIxe ... on Best PDA To Read e-Texts On? · · Score: 1

    Aging eyes drove me to the SJ30 (refurbished, but ebay would've been cheaper). OS 4 (slow); takes a Memory Stick (vital for storing books!); 32mb; good backlight, 320x320.

    I read walking up the 22 flights of stairs from my Siberian cubicle to where the people who pay me sit in their tower offices, my doctor approves.

    Hold Clie in one hand; wrap the firmly attached soft flip cover over and through a couple of fingers; place thumb on down-button.

    Use WordSmith, hi-res fonts.

    Choose Full Screen. Display Option and pick a font suitable -- small (14 lines of text/screen) for curled up in the sleeping bag in the mountains; midsize (8 text lines/screen) for climbing stairs at work or riding the subway; large (5 lines) for walking home from the station.

    NOTE: I came very close to being newsworthy the other day, because I was reading, stepped off the curb without pausing because I got there just as the WALK light lit up, and nearly got run over by a yup in a BMW who was reading on her laptop and talking on her cell phone and tried to beat the light. I stopped, one foot in the air, just before she blew through the crosswalk and the red light. Did not drop my PDA. She did not drop her cell phone. Both of us dropped our jaws. Kind of a newage accident in the making.

    This is ONE thing I imagined about the future, as a kid, that worked out right. Blessings on the e-book newsgroup and Gutenberg et al.

    Crucial issue -- if not already a text file, Loading text, using OSX:

    Display readable on screen with AppleWorks, Firefox (RTF, HTML) or any other app from which I can select all, then drag to a TextClipping.

    Use the invaluable TextSoap, to convert all non-ASCII (curly quotes, long dashes, MicroSoft Ellisis-like things) to ASCII, strip runs of CRS, remove end of line breaks, conserve paragraphs. Export as .TXT.

    Use the invaluable PorDible to turn that to a Palm file. (It'll warn if there were any non-standard characters left in it-- go back and try again, save the original!).

  25. Nolo Press, for the law and some reality checking on Getting Treatment for Carpal Tunnel? · · Score: 1

    http://www.nolo.com/lawcenter/ency/article.cfm/Obj ectID/858B36BB-80C1-457B-9965650A58176C14/catID/0A 323459-4B09-4D32-BB8CD8E6058BE1CF

    I'm approaching 55, can't feel my fingertips very well, drop things a lot -- had the surgery too late and it failed to help.

    1993, got checked and told 'Tendinitis'; 1999, when it came back, was told 'you gave up your right to further treatment'. Saw an attorney who said 'how can they tell you it's the "same" problem without your seeing a doctor? Different things can cause similar pain."

    Dealing with WC Insurer was a horror story, but then again, they're of business now, my company fired them when I showed that they were committing fraud by denying people treatment, as they did me.
    (Turns out that in 1993 they called me and said my doctor told them I didn't need further treatment, and I believed it. In 1999 I got my then doctor's files -- they'd called him and told him I had refused further treatment in 1993. Six extra years of damage done thinking I didn't have a problem before my hands really failed.

    By the time I got to a doctor, and had the surgery, it was too late to help. I can't feel my wife's skin, I can't hold little things like a handful of coins along with car keys; I can't reach into a drawer without looking and find by touch what I know is there.

    And I have a fairly mild case compared to some of the older secretaries where I work who have had surgery three times and gone right back to work each time; some can't do anything with one hand.

    One of my oldest friends since college had to give up a decent career, as a high end programmer, because he was in so much pain and had to give up the keyboard.

    Me, I can do anything -- for a few minutes at a time. This is about all I can type for an hour though, without starting trouble again.

    I was unlucky enough that I beat up the 'motor nerve' side of the cord -- the pressure sensors in the joint and nerves that keep the pressure correct when you hold something -- and most people beat up the 'sensory nerve' side of the cord first and get pain and numbness first, clumsiness later.

    For me, clumsiness first, and by the time I realized I should have had real treatment in 1993, it was six years of serious keyboarding too late.

    Put on a thin pair of very fine leather driving gloves, and wear them for 24 hours, then see if you want to live like that for your later years. If not, deal with this early.