A two-fold factor of safety is normal in projects like this, so if the bridge is 0.8 * X strong, it should still be 60% than it needs to be.
Margins of safety and safety factors are used for several good reasons, and are used to account for aging, because of idealizations used in the calculations, or because of other uncertainties. If you think that it's OK to be below the safety factors, you're thinking wrong. Anyway, according to TFA:
Espresso reporter Fabrizio Gatti told SKY TG24 that a 20 percent reduction in strength would not be significant in a modern bridge, but on a structure with the known defects of the Morandi Bridge it should have merited swifter, more decisive action.
To be fair, it rarely gets up to 40C in Chicago (of course, the day my brother asked me to help him move it was 41C). Also, most years it gets colder than -20C a few nights, and has gotten as cold as -32C.
I don't disagree that better control can save energy, or that learning algorithms can help find more optimal solutions. Still, even with 1,000s of sensors (which many buildings already have in their BAS) you don't need AI to control HVAC. Considering they claim 40% energy savings, I doubt that the only change they made is adding an "AI" to the controls. Sounds more like they allowed greater temperature swings and higher temperatures in general.
Well, they definitely think about the plumbing in prisons over what they think about plumbing in single family homes, but that's to think about how to prevent the drains from being stopped up.
(Prisons have been known to put in vacuum drains, provide overrides at the guard stations to stop flushing, etc.)
China and a handful of other nations have a near monopoly on the materials needed to make wind and solar power cheap.
There's more to it than that. They have undercut prices enough to cause other sources to close down. So they currently have an economic monopoly or duopoly on many of the minerals, but it would be possible to get these from other sources if need be.
Actually, it's a lot less than that before you start getting symptoms, though still an order of magnitude or two above where we are now.
5,000 ppm (0.5%) is the OSHA standard maximum TWA for an 8 hour work day and at 50,000 ppm (5%) you start getting sick in a short time. 10% is enough to easily kill you, though the issue is not choking to death: It's the feedback mechanisms in your body that use the amount of carbon dioxide in your system to regulate respiration that get screwed up.
Your younger self could have written the mathematical model underlying the theory of how twisting the spaghetti prevents multiple breaks?
Otherwise, you wouldn't have saved them any time.
Just because space would most likely become militarized in the future, is no reason to accelerate the problem.
But now they will have an excuse to start speeding towards war from space.
It's almost 100% conduction any time you want to talk about heating and cooling things on Terra Firma
Not really.
Heat from many kitchen appliances is about 25% radiant, depending on the type of appliance and the amount of conduction/convection captured by any hood.
Heat from the average active office worker is about 20% to35% conduction/convection, 25% to 40% radiant, and 30% to 50% sweating (latent heat)
Heat from office equipment ranges from 10% to 40% radiant.
And heat gain through a sunlight window is mostly radiant.
Even a window at night in the winter loses a significant amount of heat through radiation, unless it has a low-e coating.
I design HVAC systems (among other things) for a living.
For an average office worker we assume about 250 btuh (75 watts±) of sensible heat and 200 btuh (60 watts±) of latent heat (evaporating sweat) for a total of a little less than 135 watts.
For heavy exercise, about 700 btuh (210 watts±) of sensible heat and 1100 btuh (320 watts±) of latent heat, for a total of about 530 watts per person.
By today's standards, the Republicans of my grandfather's time (hint, pre-Roosevelt) were slightly more liberal than the Democrats. The Democrats were the racist, populist, demagogues, and the Republicans were actually still the party of Lincoln, for the most part. That' why my grandmother could never bring herself to vote Democratic, even after an obviously corrupt Nixon started to court the raci . . . excuse me, "Southern" vote. (No offense to people living in the South, but at the time more people in the South were overtly racist than in the North.)
However, times change, and now the Republicans are trying to out-populist the Democrats, principles be damned..
But then, none of that matters at all if you don't bother to tie the person trying to vote back to the specific registration, like with ID.
But then, voting by phone, even with a face recognition app, does not securely solve that problem, and introduces many more problems, like the ability for the app to be subverted, the possibility of the server to be hacked, the lack of any paper trail to audit, etc.
If you really want to understand what it was like for Vasco da Gama to voyage across the sea, you need a wooden ship, a cloth sail, and a couple years.
Of course you can't spend a couple of years at sea. But you could do like my kids did and spend a day on a schooner.
And digital text books improve the reading experience in every way.
My aging eyes appreciate that I can zoom to enlarge the text and set the screen farther from my eyes, but in almost every other way, I prefer reading a paper book.
According to the google, at most 52% is spent on helping people. could be less depending on who & what some of the salaries & expenses are spent on (of those that are not categorized to be obviously overhead.)
The relevant number for this discussion is that only 15% goes to supporting research.
When the truck arrives at the farm, they take samples for testing. When the truck arrives at the plant, they sample and test again. It doesn't go into the plant but down the drain if it doesn't pass any of those tests.
When I worked at a dairy bottling plant, I once overheard an argument between the chemist, who said the milk didn't pass the test, and a manager, who said it could be re-pasteurized and made into chocolate milk. Based on what I saw them using to make chocolate milk (like milk from bottles that had been rejected because they were leaking, and that had been sitting in the hot plant for hours) I'd guess they probably made chocolate milk out of it.
I often wonder why I can buy a $80k truck and pay it off in seven years at $1000 a month but that type of loan is not available for real estate,
That type of loan is definitely available for real estate, if you can afford it. I got a ten year loan when I bought my second house and paid it off in about seven years, and that's when interest rates were a little higher than now.
Slashdot Mirror
Margins of safety and safety factors are used for several good reasons, and are used to account for aging, because of idealizations used in the calculations, or because of other uncertainties. If you think that it's OK to be below the safety factors, you're thinking wrong. Anyway, according to TFA:
To be fair, it rarely gets up to 40C in Chicago (of course, the day my brother asked me to help him move it was 41C). Also, most years it gets colder than -20C a few nights, and has gotten as cold as -32C.
And to a greater degree, so the tenant/condo owner can foot their own bill for heat & A/C.
Nah, that would be true AI. This is just marketing-speak "AI".
I don't disagree that better control can save energy, or that learning algorithms can help find more optimal solutions. Still, even with 1,000s of sensors (which many buildings already have in their BAS) you don't need AI to control HVAC. Considering they claim 40% energy savings, I doubt that the only change they made is adding an "AI" to the controls. Sounds more like they allowed greater temperature swings and higher temperatures in general.
Well, they definitely think about the plumbing in prisons over what they think about plumbing in single family homes, but that's to think about how to prevent the drains from being stopped up. (Prisons have been known to put in vacuum drains, provide overrides at the guard stations to stop flushing, etc.)
There's more to it than that. They have undercut prices enough to cause other sources to close down. So they currently have an economic monopoly or duopoly on many of the minerals, but it would be possible to get these from other sources if need be.
Actually, it's a lot less than that before you start getting symptoms, though still an order of magnitude or two above where we are now.
5,000 ppm (0.5%) is the OSHA standard maximum TWA for an 8 hour work day and at 50,000 ppm (5%) you start getting sick in a short time. 10% is enough to easily kill you, though the issue is not choking to death: It's the feedback mechanisms in your body that use the amount of carbon dioxide in your system to regulate respiration that get screwed up.
Again, the point is not that twisting spaghetti was a discovery, but that they developed a mathematical model that explains how that works.
Your younger self could have written the mathematical model underlying the theory of how twisting the spaghetti prevents multiple breaks?
Otherwise, you wouldn't have saved them any time.
Just because space would most likely become militarized in the future, is no reason to accelerate the problem. But now they will have an excuse to start speeding towards war from space.
Not really.
Heat from many kitchen appliances is about 25% radiant, depending on the type of appliance and the amount of conduction/convection captured by any hood.
Heat from the average active office worker is about 20% to35% conduction/convection, 25% to 40% radiant, and 30% to 50% sweating (latent heat)
Heat from office equipment ranges from 10% to 40% radiant. And heat gain through a sunlight window is mostly radiant.
Even a window at night in the winter loses a significant amount of heat through radiation, unless it has a low-e coating.
I design HVAC systems (among other things) for a living.
For an average office worker we assume about 250 btuh (75 watts±) of sensible heat and 200 btuh (60 watts±) of latent heat (evaporating sweat) for a total of a little less than 135 watts.
For heavy exercise, about 700 btuh (210 watts±) of sensible heat and 1100 btuh (320 watts±) of latent heat, for a total of about 530 watts per person.
By today's standards, the Republicans of my grandfather's time (hint, pre-Roosevelt) were slightly more liberal than the Democrats. The Democrats were the racist, populist, demagogues, and the Republicans were actually still the party of Lincoln, for the most part. That' why my grandmother could never bring herself to vote Democratic, even after an obviously corrupt Nixon started to court the raci . . . excuse me, "Southern" vote. (No offense to people living in the South, but at the time more people in the South were overtly racist than in the North.)
However, times change, and now the Republicans are trying to out-populist the Democrats, principles be damned..
But then, voting by phone, even with a face recognition app, does not securely solve that problem, and introduces many more problems, like the ability for the app to be subverted, the possibility of the server to be hacked, the lack of any paper trail to audit, etc.
Learn the alphabet song, play with letter-shaped objects, match words to pictures and objects, and use paper books.
Get out pencil and paper and practice.
Count objects, merge and separate sets of physical objects, and, again, get out pencil and paper and practice.
Hands-on exploration of the world and basic science experiments.
If you really want to understand what it was like for Vasco da Gama to voyage across the sea, you need a wooden ship, a cloth sail, and a couple years.
Of course you can't spend a couple of years at sea. But you could do like my kids did and spend a day on a schooner.
My aging eyes appreciate that I can zoom to enlarge the text and set the screen farther from my eyes, but in almost every other way, I prefer reading a paper book.
That'd only be true if the only money they could possibly raise would come from those dimes.
According to the google, at most 52% is spent on helping people. could be less depending on who & what some of the salaries & expenses are spent on (of those that are not categorized to be obviously overhead.)
The relevant number for this discussion is that only 15% goes to supporting research.
Saunas are dry heat, not steam baths.
On the other hand, I've found some of my wife's essential oils make pretty good ant repellents, although the smells repel me somewhat, also.
When I worked at a dairy bottling plant, I once overheard an argument between the chemist, who said the milk didn't pass the test, and a manager, who said it could be re-pasteurized and made into chocolate milk. Based on what I saw them using to make chocolate milk (like milk from bottles that had been rejected because they were leaking, and that had been sitting in the hot plant for hours) I'd guess they probably made chocolate milk out of it.
They also often use ultrasound to help penetrate cracks and crevices and dislodge biologicals.
That type of loan is definitely available for real estate, if you can afford it. I got a ten year loan when I bought my second house and paid it off in about seven years, and that's when interest rates were a little higher than now.
Around where I live, you need at least 10 acres to legally stable a horse on your property.