Maybe the medicaldaily reporter has Klienfelter's Syndrome (XXY).
Don't get so technical.....
This is pretty basic and extremely relevant to the discussion to understanding possible difference in behavior between the two sexes. Besides, this is slashdot. Aren't nerds supposed to be technical?
The unattractive tradeoffs one is force to make (safety vs. accomplishments vs. costs) with manned spaceflight is very compelling argument for unmanned missions. Accomplish more at lower costs with no risk to human lives.
From the article:
The nanoparticles are made from cyclodextrins coated with PEG that contain as cargo the anticancer compound camptothecin. The selectivity is apparently not due to the selective uptake of nanoparticles by cancer cells but rather that the interior of cancer cells are more acidic than normal cells. After cells takes up nanoparticles, the nanoparticle breakdown releasing the camptothecin. Because of the lower pH, the break down occurs faster in cancer compared to normal cells.
The New York Times shared drafts of their article with Apple before it was published. In addition, Apple just recently joined the Fair Labor Association. I wonder if the former prompted or accelerated the later.
Currently it is extremely difficult to conduct clinical trials for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) treatments since it takes a long time to determine efficacy. An effective AD biomarker such as this blood test could provide much quicker feedback to tell whether and experimental drug is working or not. See for example:
The Role of Biomarkers in Clinical Trials for Alzheimer Disease
A burned out CEO from a company that is in a death spiral (Pfizer) seems like a very unlikely choice. Let's hope that US is not following the same trajectory as Pfizer.
Opps, the above is reversed from what it should be. Inhibition of the RGS14 gene product would theoretically decrease visual memory while increasing hippocampal-based learning and memory.
Inhibiting the RGS14 gene product could be counter productive and in fact dangerous. While this strategy may enhance visual memory, it also may decrease hippocampal-based learning and memory:
RGS14
> Chemistry looks like it has more lines than all the hard sciences put together Chemistry is often called the "central science" because it connects other sciences http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry
disclaimer: I am a chemist
3. So that Magacorp has the incentive to license the invention from the University so that it has a chance of actually reaching patients.
Drug Development is an expensive business. Unless there is a financial incentive (which at best is the possibility of future profits, there are no guarantees), it is very unlikely that the required funding will be made available to conduct the expensive clinical trials required for FDA approval.
the hyperglycemia oxidizes proteins and kills off pancreatic islets, until the pancreas is unable to produce insulin, just as in Type 1.
You are right on the result (pancreas no longer able to produce insulin), but your mechanism (oxidative stress) is at best only part of the picture. If oxidized proteins induced by hyperglycemia were cytotoxic, a lot more cell types in addition to pancreatic islets would be killed off.
The exact mechanism of beta cell burn out in advanced type II diabetes is unclear http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/f ull/54/suppl_2/S108/
however it certainly related to a prolonged an inappropriately high production of insulin (hyperinsulinemia) in response to high levels blood glucose.
OK, according to the Chromosome FAQs: http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome /posters/chromosome/faqs.shtml
The X chromosome comprises ~5% of the genome while the Y chromosome is ~1%. Since women are XX and men are XY, men and women differ by ~6%.
If chimps are only 2% different from men, then men are more closely related to chimps than women. QED
I agree that developing a peptide as a drug is very difficult (especially an orally active drug).
However from the original publication:
> major active and less hydrophobic form corresponds to the 5 amino acid residues QRFSR
So this is relatively low molecular weight peptide and therefore it may be feasible to mimimic the inhibitory activity of this peptide with a low molecular weight non-peptidic molecule. This also takes time, but it is a well precidented route for developing a drug (see for example http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACE_inhibitor#History).
Let's see... cage up some hamsters, deprive them of natural light, natural surroundings, and buddies, give them an artificial sucrose-laden diet, see how they get depressed, give them drugs to make them happy? And then suggest that these results could apply to people?
Animal models for testing antidepressant drugs do have a surprisingly good track record of predicting clinical efficacy in humans. Drugs that work in humans show strong effects in these animal models
Get out of your cage, get into the open, make better relationships, find a job that respects you, stop moving home every couple of years, start talking to your family not shouting at them, eat decent food instead of that sugar-laden "lo-fat" junk you're stuffing your face with, stop watching TV, cut down on the booze, and the religion, and for baby jesus' sake, stop taking artificial drugs.
I agree with your statements about living a healthy life to cut the risk of getting depression, but for some people (e.g., those with genetic predispostion), regardless of their life style, are still afflected with depression. Furthermore, depression is no laughing matter. It has an enormous social and economic impact. For these people, antidepressant drugs can be life saving.
Re:Editors/Reviews are at fault as well
on
Merck's Deleted Data
·
· Score: 3, Informative
While this story makes Merck look bad, idiotically bad, on closer inspection there isn't as much here as you'd think. The data in question are three heart attacks in the final weeks of the VIGOR trial. But the adverse cardiovascular event data in the paper, as published, didn't reach statistical significance, and they don't seem to reach it with these added in, either. On top of that, these data were submitted to the FDA during the drug's approval process, and (according to Point of Law) are on the Vioxx package insert itself.
I agree that this would be truly significant.
If life biochemically similar to our own and with the same chirality were discovered on Mars, this would lend support to the theory that Life on Earth originated from Mars (starting with asteroid impact on Mars which ejected rock which later made it to earth).
If similar life with opposite chirality or highly dissimilar life were found, this would provide strong support for independent creation of life.
Slashdot Mirror
Maybe the medicaldaily reporter has Klienfelter's Syndrome (XXY).
Don't get so technical.....
This is pretty basic and extremely relevant to the discussion to understanding possible difference in behavior between the two sexes. Besides, this is slashdot. Aren't nerds supposed to be technical?
The MAO-A gene resides on the X chromosome. Therefore men can carry at most one copy of the gene. It is shocking that neither of the linked articles state this.
In fact, the second linked article is flat out wrong:
Interestingly, the gene did not hold the same correlation for men, who reported the same amount of happiness no matter if they had zero, one or two copies.
The unattractive tradeoffs one is force to make (safety vs. accomplishments vs. costs) with manned spaceflight is very compelling argument for unmanned missions. Accomplish more at lower costs with no risk to human lives.
From the article: The nanoparticles are made from cyclodextrins coated with PEG that contain as cargo the anticancer compound camptothecin. The selectivity is apparently not due to the selective uptake of nanoparticles by cancer cells but rather that the interior of cancer cells are more acidic than normal cells. After cells takes up nanoparticles, the nanoparticle breakdown releasing the camptothecin. Because of the lower pH, the break down occurs faster in cancer compared to normal cells.
The New York Times shared drafts of their article with Apple before it was published. In addition, Apple just recently joined the Fair Labor Association. I wonder if the former prompted or accelerated the later.
Currently it is extremely difficult to conduct clinical trials for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) treatments since it takes a long time to determine efficacy. An effective AD biomarker such as this blood test could provide much quicker feedback to tell whether and experimental drug is working or not. See for example: The Role of Biomarkers in Clinical Trials for Alzheimer Disease
A burned out CEO from a company that is in a death spiral (Pfizer) seems like a very unlikely choice. Let's hope that US is not following the same trajectory as Pfizer.
Opps, the above is reversed from what it should be. Inhibition of the RGS14 gene product would theoretically decrease visual memory while increasing hippocampal-based learning and memory.
Inhibiting the RGS14 gene product could be counter productive and in fact dangerous. While this strategy may enhance visual memory, it also may decrease hippocampal-based learning and memory: RGS14
Selecting universities: personal preference and rankings
Several of the individual gene/protein articles have already been marked for deletion. For a discussion, see for example this discussion.
I've seen enough errors, sloppiness, and outright sabotage on Wikipedia to be highly skeptical.
Sloppiness certainly, but outright sabotage on highly technical articles is fairly rare.
What safeguards will be in place to make sure the information in this Wiki is trustworthy and reliable?
None, except for the conscientious efforts of good samaritan editors.
Think for a moment about the potential consequences.
Articles about more important genes are likely to attract a lot of attention. And as RMS once said "Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow".
We already know that both the standard model and the general relativity are wrong or at least incomplete.
Not trolling, but the above statement reminds me of the following quotation:
All models are wrong, some are useful.
http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/George_E._P._Box/
> Chemistry looks like it has more lines than all the hard sciences put together
Chemistry is often called the "central science" because it connects other sciences
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry
disclaimer: I am a chemist
And would add an additional point:
3. So that Magacorp has the incentive to license the invention from the University so that it has a chance of actually reaching patients.
Drug Development is an expensive business. Unless there is a financial incentive (which at best is the possibility of future profits, there are no guarantees), it is very unlikely that the required funding will be made available to conduct the expensive clinical trials required for FDA approval.
ZFS = snapshoots = Time Machine5 /4995/
http://arstechnica.com/staff/fatbits.ars/2006/8/1
the hyperglycemia oxidizes proteins and kills off pancreatic islets, until the pancreas is unable to produce insulin, just as in Type 1.
f ull/54/suppl_2/S108/
You are right on the result (pancreas no longer able to produce insulin), but your mechanism (oxidative stress) is at best only part of the picture. If oxidized proteins induced by hyperglycemia were cytotoxic, a lot more cell types in addition to pancreatic islets would be killed off.
The exact mechanism of beta cell burn out in advanced type II diabetes is unclear
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/
however it certainly related to a prolonged an inappropriately high production of insulin (hyperinsulinemia) in response to high levels blood glucose.
OK, according to the Chromosome FAQs:e /posters/chromosome/faqs.shtml
http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genom
The X chromosome comprises ~5% of the genome while the Y chromosome is ~1%. Since women are XX and men are XY, men and women differ by ~6%.
If chimps are only 2% different from men, then men are more closely related to chimps than women. QED
I agree that developing a peptide as a drug is very difficult (especially an orally active drug).
y ).
However from the original publication:
> major active and less hydrophobic form corresponds to the 5 amino acid residues QRFSR
So this is relatively low molecular weight peptide and therefore it may be feasible to mimimic the inhibitory activity of this peptide with a low molecular weight non-peptidic molecule. This also takes time, but it is a well precidented route for developing a drug
(see for example http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACE_inhibitor#Histor
Let's see... cage up some hamsters, deprive them of natural light, natural surroundings, and buddies, give them an artificial sucrose-laden diet, see how they get depressed, give them drugs to make them happy? And then suggest that these results could apply to people?
Animal models for testing antidepressant drugs do have a surprisingly good track record of predicting clinical efficacy in humans. Drugs that work in humans show strong effects in these animal models
Get out of your cage, get into the open, make better relationships, find a job that respects you, stop moving home every couple of years, start talking to your family not shouting at them, eat decent food instead of that sugar-laden "lo-fat" junk you're stuffing your face with, stop watching TV, cut down on the booze, and the religion, and for baby jesus' sake, stop taking artificial drugs.
I agree with your statements about living a healthy life to cut the risk of getting depression, but for some people (e.g., those with genetic predispostion), regardless of their life style, are still afflected with depression. Furthermore, depression is no laughing matter. It has an enormous social and economic impact. For these people, antidepressant drugs can be life saving.
While this story makes Merck look bad, idiotically bad, on closer inspection there isn't as much here as you'd think. The data in question are three heart attacks in the final weeks of the VIGOR trial. But the adverse cardiovascular event data in the paper, as published, didn't reach statistical significance, and they don't seem to reach it with these added in, either. On top of that, these data were submitted to the FDA during the drug's approval process, and (according to Point of Law) are on the Vioxx package insert itself.
here's a good chance that "life on Mars" is just "life on Earth that migrated to Mars"
From the standpoint of the suns gravitational field, the reverse is far more likely.
I agree that this would be truly significant. If life biochemically similar to our own and with the same chirality were discovered on Mars, this would lend support to the theory that Life on Earth originated from Mars (starting with asteroid impact on Mars which ejected rock which later made it to earth). If similar life with opposite chirality or highly dissimilar life were found, this would provide strong support for independent creation of life.