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They have gone all-digital steam: http://www.tut.fi/en/research/research-fields/automation-and-hydraulic-engineering/digital-hydraulic-technology/index.htm

For example, there's a number of characters that render like spaces but are actually multibyte unicode characters. Same with dashes, underscores, and many other characters.

I remember the first time I saw those. My first reaction was that they must have been added maliciously. When I saw they were for typography, my theory was confirmed.

hahahaha oh look another person that dosn't understand friction. Surface area isn't part of the equation unless it is actully sticking to the other surface.

The coefficient of friction for tires is not a constant. It decreases with the loading for typical auto and truck weights.

Tire friction is nothing like what we were taught in physics class.
https://www.tut.fi/ms/muo/tyre...
http://bsesrv214.bse.vt.edu/Ho...

It was also single-user, was it not?

That is correct. Single-user designs were the norm with personal computers of the era. There are some ways around this (, for example) but they're sort of limited.

The lack of memory protection is due to the first models being designed around the plain Motorola 68000 CPU, which lacks a memory-management unit (MMU). Later models were available with beefier and more feature-rich processors from the 680x0 series, some of the including an MMU. You could also buy add-on “turbo cards” (processor cards taking over the functions of the main CPU, effectively replacing it with a faster one.) But by then it was too late. The OS relies heavily on shared libraries and message passing in flat, shared, unprotected memory space.

Otherwise, the Amiga hardware platform and AmigaOS – the first model/version having been released in 1985 – included concepts such as preemptive multitasking, windowed GUI toolkit in the system ROM (no “text mode” at all), overlapping “screens” in different resolutions and bit depths, hardware blitter and DMA-based I/O (including multichannel sampled stereo sound), drivers for devices and filesystems, the “AutoConfig” system for add-on devices (fulfilling the same role as PnP did later in the Wintel world), 8-bit ISO Latin-1 character encoding as standard, windowed command-line shells, shell scripting, inter-process scripting (ARexx), an OS-provided framework of multimedia “datatypes” (handlers/decoders/players for common file types), scalable fonts, clipboard, speech synthesizer as a standard OS feature, etc.

Ignoring Linux and OS/2 for a moment, in some ways it felt the Wintel camp only caught up ten years later when Windows 95 was released to the masses, and at that point, both the OS and the “IBM-compatible” PC hardware platform were still missing some key features and novel ideas that made the AmigaOS so great and elegant in its day.

It's been done. A lot.

http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6863
http://www.boutell.com/cgic/
http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/forms/cgic.html

IANALE (I am not a layout engineer), but it's my understanding that it is not an easy task to actually figure out how many transistors are contained within a modern chip.

I find this beyond difficult to believe due to the way computer chips are designed today, which is to say, entirely on the computer. You can figure out how many gates there are from the netlist.

The Outcome: zzzPhone took some orders and shipped a small number of very low-quality phones. I heard crazier and crazier stories about Horowitz, all second-hand. For instance, he apparently hired a carver to make him a cell phone out of wood that he tried to insert working phone components into.

I found that a bit funny because making one is a course at a Finnish university. More pictures here, but with finnish text only.

I originally read about this in a magazine; apparently they solder the sim-card connecting leads so swapping operators requires some work.

according to here the ISO 8859-1 standard calls for that specific character to be rendered.

You have personally tried this? I'm pretty sure Adobe's PDF plugin allows iframed PDFs. I don't have either installed on this machine to test it out.

Page from 2000 showing inline PDF elements.

http://www.modeemi.cs.tut.fi/~tuomov/ion/pwm.html

split pane views for side-by-side work

Bah. It's called Ion. I used it for about a year once. It's a very good WM.

Now get off my lawn. All of you. Git.

I've been using the Ion window manager for years. The principle behind it is keyboard-controlled tabbed and tiled windows. There's an entire wiki list of similar tiling window managers, which are all also tabbed window managers. Ion will also let you create non-tilled windows that are still tabbed, so exactly what KDE is now doing.

WMs that can do this have been around forever, but it's nice that they're finally going more "mainstream". I'm still never going to use KDE or Gnome (way to heavyweight), but it's nice that they might be a more reasonable option in the future.

If you don't like it, see figure 1!!!

i also program for browsers, and i hate ie

but your example sucks

you should be doing posts, not gets, for large chunks of data

no matter what ie's limits are

get submissions really shouldn't be bigger than 256 characters

for many reasons

http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/forms/methods.html

Careful, en dash is an attempt by the evil Microsoft corporation to embrace and extend iso-8859-1

http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/www/windows-chars.html

Slashdot doesn't support this, so if you cut and paste text with en dashes into a slashdot post it will come out all fubar.

The 2-bit thing is still a hack that only buys back some of the performance. The original intention was to use the VIA's (I mistakenly called it the PIA) shift register, which would have kept it fast. For those of you who really care, someone actually wrote this all up on Wikipedia.

And you're right, I was thinking of a different loader that uses the synchronous serial mode, and that requires a hardware mod. *sigh* I never owned a C64 back in the day (though I have one now), so I only got to hear about all these hacks.

I get off your lawn if you get off mine. ;-)

Pull your head out of your ass.

You can use this method to root a Mac or *nix box as well.

The issue here is that the 1394 bus has DMA access to the system - it is an architecture flaw in 1394 and not in the Windows OS.

http://www.atm.tut.fi/list-archive/freebsd-security/msg05438.html

It's just close enough to satisfy validators and browsers at the same time (though they interpret it differently). And the guy you quoted is right in that as matters are in practise, the doctype is irrelevant. That's why the html 5 working draft recommends it to be empty.

Or to completely underload it, as in Ion
Summary of Ion features

* Tiled workspaces with tabbed frames, as discussed above.
* Designed to be primarily used from the keyboard.
* Fully documented configuration and scripting interface on top of the lightweight Lua extension language.
* Modular design. The main binary implements only basic window manager functionality. Additional modules implement extra features and window management policies.
* The query module implements a line editor similar to mini buffers in many text editors. It is used to implement many different queries with tab-completion support: show manual page, run program, open SSH session, view file, goto named client window or workspace, etc. Menus are also displayed as queries.
* A statusbar that adapts to the tilings, taking only the space it really needs, modulo constraints of the layout. The statusbar can also be configured to swallow other (small) windows, and does so automatically for Window Maker protocol dockapps, and KDE-protocol system tray icons.
* Full screen client windows are seen as workspaces on their own. It is possible to switch to a normal workspace while keeping several client windows in full screen state and also switch clients that do not themselves support full screen mode to this state.
* The scratchpad module provides a conveniently toggleable area for random tasks, akin to the consoles of many FPS games.
* To run those particularly badly behaving programs, Ion also supports floating windows of the PWM flavour. These can be had as separate workspaces without an underlying tiling, or floating on top of a tiling. Tiled windows can be detached to float, and reattached.
* It is not a project of the self-proclaimed "free" or open-source software movement, and does not suffer from popular fads among it, such as Xft/fontconfig and autoconf.

Any software-based solution can be tampered with in theory. One hacker favorite (which may be a legend or not) is that people used to get root on other people's boxes and then replace their copy of PGP with an instrumented copy. Thus, even the encryption software became compromised.

Isn't that what stuff like AIDE is for?

How can it possibly be better to have your window sizes dictated by the physical boundary of the monitors as opposed to choosing how to split the space yourself? If you're looking for a windowmanager that can easily split your screen at whatever ratio you desire, hava a look at ion, but nowadays most windowmanagers are smart enough to drop to drop windows in free spaces, which works very well for me with my xterms defaulting to about 1/4 of the screen, and browsers and just abount everything else about 1/2 the screen width.

With two 19" monitors at 1280x1024, you get insicnificantly more pixels (only about 13% more) as compared to a 24" monitor, but lose all the flexibility of having all of them in a contiguous area.

IE does not submit the value attribute of an image input. This makes it a bit difficult to have multiple buttons in the same form with the same name attribute. This means that each image input must have a unique name in order to tell them apart on the server.

Further reading at
http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/forms/imagebutton.h tml
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.infosystems.ww w.authoring.cgi/browse_thread/thread/aca99089127ac f0f?rnum=1

I know you are trolling but one of your was interesting to me:

3) I hate to say it, but virtual desktops and fluxbox leave my desktop a lot less cluttered and much easier to work with than windows does out of the box, and my computer is under load from its graphics a lot less often

I use XFCE for my XUBUNTu desktop but I have not found a way to "tile windows" and "cascade windows" or anything equivalent, I found the ION window manager which pretty much an overkill solution for what I want to do (just automatically tile more than one file browser and terminal window...).

4)Things like configuring wireless interfaces were endlessly confusing. Theres about 4 different places to enter a wireless key - but only one of them accepts my home key, as the rest claim it is too long! With linux I just typed it in and it worked.

Can you name the FOUR places where you had to enter your wep key? you just need to run the network wizzard and it is done, in contrast with Linux where, well, it depends the distribution you are using the program you will have to use but only *if* your wireless network card is supported (my notebook network card just keeps turning on and off but does not works... oh and I have the "supported drivers" and the firmware... go figure).

he final thing which did it was when I wanted to play a video - WMP has gone through many funcitonality decrements over the years, and when I finally switched to mplayer it coped a lot better with partially missing files, keyboard shortcuts and general niceness than the MS equivilant.

hmmmm... I use VLC in Linux to play movies etc, I had to install it (as the applications that come with Xubuntu are terrible to watch video, and ubuntu and on any other distro you MUST download all the "restricted", "no open source" "devil" "god forbid them" whatever codecs). Oh! and the installation was a time consuming... even to make it play the same types of video I *used* to play with the same program on WINDOWS. So yeah, nice troll there.

1) I got sick to death of having to install different programs to burn CDs correctly, with the drag and drop interface terribly annoying and confusing.

Why? just intall Nero the NERO Burning ROM CD that came with your CD-RW (or DVD) recorder. If you bought your computer chances are they are already installed. if you pirated windows just pirate it from the same site. Not that I did not need to install a program to burn in Xubuntu... oh! and it was a PAIN in the ass to burn with more than the lousy 8.3 format and more than 7 nested directories... I had finally to sucumb and download KDE's K3B program which I dont like because each time I have to start it it takes ages while it loads all the KDE crap (talk about memory hog) like kdesyscoca and whatever else.

2) A lot of software I like as a programming hobbiest is not easily available with a simple command like apt-get install
Name 1 (ONE) programming language or software that you can run on Linux that can NOT be run on Windows XP. ...
hello? ...
Thank you.

I think that there is room to mention the well known tools such as AIDA and TripWire and LogCheck.

1. non-thermal effects,
2. alpha and delta brain waves,
3. non-linear interactions,
4. resonance,
5. gene expression mechanisms,
6. production of heat shock proteins,
7. electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome
   and other bullshit.
   

People want to believe in this stuff cause it sounds dangerous. Advocacy groups get funding, lawyers make money, politicians can scare people. Who's gonna listen to a bunch of boring Danish statistics?

Even the WHO subscribes to the 'precautionary principle'. Forget about it - its all futile!

The Ion window manager(s) may be helpful for the task you're talking about (sectioning off the monitor in to different areas). Ion tiles windows rather than having them float, giving each app its own dedicated space. Using it has dropped my reliance on a mouse tremendously and really helps when coding since there is no moving windows around to see some specific item.

As a nice bonus, Ion also supports multiple desktops of different types so you can have a tiled desktop #1 while desktop #2 is a more traditional floating window type.

http://modeemi.cs.tut.fi/~tuomov/ion/ - I don't think I've done it justice with my description here but take a look, it's quite nice.

> Google has SPF records. Sourceforge seems to reject mail that seems spoofed (eg people 'pretending' to be allowed to send user@gmail.com mail without going through google.

SPF has nothing to do with it. Sourceforge is employing callback verification, which is not only abuse itself (it's basically a dictionary attack that we're just supposed to trust is for good and not evil), it's also incredibly broken.

See http://atm.tut.fi/list-archive/nanog/msg37172.html for an explanation.

Just one more reason to jump ship from sourceforget.

Yeah, I used to use multiple task-related desktops with WindowMaker some years back, with hotkeys for each desktop, windows used for related tasks conveniently arranged within them, etc. I could navigate much more quickly with the keyboard than with a mouse, and when I migrated to Windows, using a single desktop with a single window stack (I tend to access it via Alt+Tab, so don't bother too much with the taskbar) was awfully tedious, although at least it isn't as clumsy as the Mac OS X UI (which is pretty, but in my view is also incredibly slow and tedious to use).

I also used Ion a bit, and it quickly became my favourite window manager by far, but by that time I was mostly using Windows, and as time has passed, I've spent less and less time using Linux (for various reasons, including access to applications I need at university), so I've had to accept this clumsy Windows interface. From time to time I've considered looking into porting Ion to Windows (though it would require a hack, like hooking messages), but never had time for it. The Windows UI is something I grumble about, but it's honestly not bad enough to abandon, especially since replacing it on my own system wouldn't prevent me having to use it on others.

Too bad it already happened a few weeks ago:

http://www.cs.tut.fi/~simona/temperaturi.html

Quiet! You'll make Tuomo Valkonen, author of Ion3 mad. He only linkes bitmap fonts. He's already holding antialiasing support in Ion3 hostage learns to understand his point of view, if you set him off, there is no telling what he'll do.

In HTML, there are two types of hyphens: the plain hyphen and the soft hyphen. The plain hyphen should be interpreted by a user agent as just another character. The soft hyphen tells the user agent where a line break can occur.

Those browsers that interpret soft hyphens must observe the following semantics: If a line is broken at a soft hyphen, a hyphen character must be displayed at the end of the first line. If a line is not broken at a soft hyphen, the user agent must not display a hyphen character. For operations such as searching and sorting, the soft hyphen should always be ignored.

In HTML, the plain hyphen is represented by the "-" character (- or -). The soft hyphen is represented by the character entity reference ­ (­ or ­)

Mozilla follows the semantics as specified. In fact, despite the fact that you may prefer MSIE's implementation, it is arguably incorrect given the ambiguous/conflicting specifications for the character and its semantics.

--MarkusQ

Yes. I recently tried to set up a non-computer-using but smart-and-anal-retentive friend with Ubuntu, which has been a dream compared to other distros I've tried. For the friend, though, it was a complete failure. He loved the philosophy, but too many things went wrong in the first three or four things he tried to do. He's now uninterested in trying Linux again.

I use Linux because it has the kind of window management I want -- namely, Ion. Linux is good on the desktop when it gives you options that you need. But there's a lot of work involved.

Try using Ion3, it partitions your screen quite nicely really with just one monitor.

What I had in mind was something more than being able to find a keyboard equivalent for commands:

1. Ratpoison

2. Ion

3. larswm

4. WMII

But you're definitely right that Apple has addressed the keyboarding issue; I should have been more precise here.

The balance provided in Linux goes far beyond the choice of theme suggested in the article.
The power to choose your own window manager means that these new features aren't a problem at all.

The window manager ecosystem goes far beyond Gnome and KDE battle, and while I was rather impressed by the demo last night of how the latest gnome looked with custom icons and XGL fancyness they aren't features that I find useful and simply aren't features that I would use. That doesn't mean that their existance hurts me, any more than the existance of KDE hurts Gnome.

Freshmeat lists 132 different window managers ranging from the Gnome and KDE environments to the distractingly pretty Enlightenment, Blackbox and all it's forks and the very basic window managers like Ion which is where by preference lies.

Switch to ion and press MOD1+S to split the screen vertically.
http://modeemi.cs.tut.fi/~tuomov/ion/

Both are tiled window managers, so you allocate the screen to frames and put apps in frames, rather than arranging your app windows directly.

what makes you think you only have 2 options?

both sucks.

At work I always have a well configured windows desktop (and with a bunch of terminals to linux boxes and unixutils installed)

my choice in linux is to use ION.
http://modeemi.cs.tut.fi/~tuomov/ion/

How can you talk about usability and still force the user, dumb or not, to waste time arranging windows on the screen? screw this!

If you use those WM, then you're not contributing to nothing. Open source is nice because it can change and explore new ways of doing things. If you just want to copy what's already there... then i think it's time i change the ribbon on my site to SUPPORT fucking software patents after all.

I use ion: http://modeemi.cs.tut.fi/~tuomov/ion/

http://modeemi.cs.tut.fi/~tuomov/ion/

(of course, you then still use KDE for the apps and printing; Linus is spot on there)

in fact not only on linux, i use it on linux/(i386|ppc) and solaris/sparc:

the ion windowmanager ( http://modeemi.cs.tut.fi/~tuomov/ion/ ) and your favourite shell (bash in my case, but zsh or csh are as good )

most time on a desktop you spend with resizing or moving or focusing windows, so why using windows anyway?

Oh and give ion a shot.
It's very different but actually made me more productive (no more shuffling windows around only to get to
what's beneath them...).

Heres a window manger (http://modeemi.cs.tut.fi/~tuomov/ion/) i really haven't tried myself but i saw some other person use it and i'm quite impressed. It's a new approach to doing GUI's and i think it must be perfect if you want to optimize screen real-estate.

If you have taken the time to do that, why not do the same for your window managment? No two windows are more than 3 keystrokes away. Ratpoison, or (as I would see it) better Ion, allows you to completely control and automate your window mangement. The ability to add keyboard shortcuts to tasks as you prefer it (chording and/or chaining), and scripting certain events (no more annoying dialog popups, move them to a specified portion of the screen) saves a lot of time.

Also, tabs are where they belong. In the window manager, so you can have few terminals, browsers and whatever in tabs. And Ion's tiling capabilities allow you to see the information you need to on screen, without wasting screen real estate. (Though for dual-head 1600x1200 screens that's admittedly less of a problem)

If you want to maximize use of screen real estate there is nothing better than the ion window manager, especially if you have multiple monitors. It's the only manager I know of that lets you have a separate set of virtual desktops for each monitor that can be switched independently of one another. You will lose a lot of time, however, reconfiguring all the keyboard commands to not suck.

• ion | ratpoision; Pane-based (v. window-based) window managers. Little to no wasted screen real estate. Significantly reduced mouse usage.
• emacs: Wickedly powerful text editor/operating environment.
  • WhizzyTeX: Updates DVI in another window as you edit TeX/LaTeX.
  • AUCTeX: Very powerful emacs extensions for TeX/LaTeX.
• fetchmail + procmail + mutt + spamassassin + msmtp: No-nonsense mail reading and sending.
• bash completions: Quasi-telepathic tab completion.
• Firefox
  • Adblock: Saves an astonishing amount of screen real estate.
• screen: Among many other abilities, screen+ssh can provide VNC-like capabilities for your terminal sessions.

Switch to a window manager such as Ion. It's a far more natural way to manage your windows than a conventional window manager. Honestly, words can't describe how much better Ion feels...it's something you have to use to understand. I only came to the realisation that Ion beats conventional WMs after I started using Ion.

The learning curve is somewhat steep (hint: read the man pages, and then learn how to redo your keybindings...eliminate the ones you won't use and rebind the ones that clobber other things to other keys), but if you're really serious about efficiency, Ion is the way to go. This goes double for a 1600x1200 dual-head setup, where you have plenty of space to set up your tiles (note: I'd recommend using a true dual-head setup instead of Xinerama, which tends to fuck with Ion).

I got the biggest productivity improvement by getting rid of the eye-candy gnome or kde window manager, and switching to ION (http://modeemi.cs.tut.fi/~tuomov/ion/). This is a tabbed window manager that defaults to showing one full-screen window per screen.

It uses keyboard shortcuts for everything, like switching windows, opening terminals resizing windows, etc. I don't need to touch the mouse, and I never spend time lining up my windows so I can see 3 things on screen at once without overlapping.

Want to make the most of your screen real estate? Try using a tiling window manager, such as ion or (my favorite) wmii. If you're an emacs fanatic, try ratpoison; the keybindings are similar. You'll never resize again.

Learn ruby/perl/python/something and automate *everything* the each time you find yourself repeating a task that could be easily parametrized. Most of this is an attitude thing. If repetitive tasks don't annoy you, then you're not going to be able to eliminate them from your life. It will never seem worth the effort.

Also, get a decent window manager like ion and learn its shortcuts. Developing more than a passing knowledge of Ion and Vim has doubled my productivity when debugging code. Ion makes one monitor feel like two, so I can imagine that on two it would be pretty damn good.