Slashdot Mirror

jnagro writes "A group at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have a number of interesting projects which allow K-12 students remote access to advanced scientific instruments over the web. This particular project, dubbed the 'Bugscope', lets students get a closer look at insects through an electron microscope all via a regular web-browser. The site has some interesting information, as well as some neat photos taken with the scope."

jnagro writes "A group at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have a number of interesting projects which allow K-12 students remote access to advanced scientific instruments over the web. This particular project, dubbed the 'Bugscope', lets students get a closer look at insects through an electron microscope all via a regular web-browser. The site has some interesting information, as well as some neat photos taken with the scope."

thesilverbail writes "Researchers at the University of Illinois have demonstrated light emission from the base layer of a Bipolar Transistor. This discovery could be the beginning of an era in which photons are directed around a chip in much the same fashion as electrons have been maneuvered on conventional chips. It's reminiscent of the exciting days of the Miracle month November, 1947, when the transistor was first invented."

thesilverbail writes "Researchers at the University of Illinois have demonstrated light emission from the base layer of a Bipolar Transistor. This discovery could be the beginning of an era in which photons are directed around a chip in much the same fashion as electrons have been maneuvered on conventional chips. It's reminiscent of the exciting days of the Miracle month November, 1947, when the transistor was first invented."

prostoalex writes "Gloriad (Global Ring Network for Advanced Applications Development), a scientific data network, will unite academic institutions in China, Russia and the United States with a 100 MBps link. National Center for Supercomputing Applications received a $2.8 mln grant from NSF, and both Russia and China will match this amount to contribute to network build-up. Later this year, as the Associated Press article notes, a new plan will be launched to move the international network to 10 GBps capacity."

An anonymous reader writes "The University of Illinois has developed (again) the world's fastest transistor operating at over 500 GHz. They used an indium phosphide based wafer, and super-scaled dimensions. The device kind of looks like a spaceship." Milton Feng, the professor in charge of the team behind the transistor, admits that their ultimate goal is a terahertz transistor, which given their previous achievements, doesn't sound too lofty.

theodp writes "CNET reports on how Microsoft and the W3C are spotlighting old technology - Pei Wei's Viola browser and W3C staff member Dave Raggett's HTML+ specification - in an effort to defeat Eolas' Web patent. In his ruling, the Eolas judge agreed that a Wei presentation that included an interactive image of a chessboard came close to prior art, but explained that the late 1994 date of invention excluded it from the ambit of prior art. Perhaps the judge might have ruled differently had he been shown January 1994 correspondence between Tim Berners-Lee, Pei Wei, Dave Raggett, and others in response to a challenge to match the prior art of the interactive, networked games that were operational on the PLATO system in the 70s at the University of Illinois to make it possible to develop browser-based chess games." (Read on for more.)

theodp continues: "If they were up on PLATO history, Microsoft's lawyers could have shown the judge that operational prior art existed two decades earlier than Eolas', Wei's, and Raggett's efforts. Not only that, there are striking similarities between PLATO and Eolas patents. BTW, Eolas patent holder Michael Doyle obtained his degrees from the University of Illinois, where PLATO was developed and widely used."

nucal writes "The 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Rod MacKinnon and Peter Agree for their work on proteins that form ion and water channels in cell membranes. In particular, solving the structure of potassium channels was a major achievement, since this was the first multispan transmembrane protein structure to be solved by X-ray crystallography. There is also structural information on aquaporins (water channels) as well."

andy1307 writes "American Paul C. Lauterbur and Briton Sir Peter Mansfield have won the Nobel prize for medicine for discoveries leading to MRI. Worldwide, more than 60 million investigations with MRI are performed each year, and the technique is ``a breakthrough in medical diagnostics and research,'' the Assembly said. The work was done on the 1970s. Lauterbur is at the Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Laboratory at the University of Illinois in Urbana and Mansfield is at the University of Nottingham in Britain. "

j-beda writes "Here is an interesting report on a student project about the 5-second rule: ' If You Drop It, Should You Eat It? Scientists Weigh In on the 5-Second Rule.' 'According to Clarke, a senior at the Chicago High School for Agricultural Sciences, the 5-second rule dates back to the time of Genghis Khan, who first determined how long it was safe for food to remain on a floor when dropped there. Khan had slightly lower standards, however; he specified 12 hours, more or less.' How long can you safely leave dropped food on the floor before picking it up to eat? You know you've always wanted to have the definitive answer ..."

wiredbeat2000 writes "The part of my brain that led me into the Women's Studies department in college is glowing tonight, after reading about a new computer game camp set up for teenage girls. The News-Gazette Online has a story about the camps, which are called the UI Girls' Adventures in Mathematics, Engineering and Science (G.A.M.E.S.) Camp. The story comes on the heels of today's announcement by Entertainment Software Association that game demographics are skewed differently than you'd expect."

Sgt York writes "In a NYT article (republished in the Houston Chronicle, no subscription required) experts at CERT, F-secure, Trusecure, and the Hall of Justice (see article) think that SoBig.F is a spam scheme in the making. They say that SoBig.F is the 6th variant in an ongoing experiment with the possible goal of setting up a distributed spam network, to be rented out to the highest bidder. If that is their goal, they are well on their way. Another disturbing note in the article is that "In the case of four of the six programs, a new version was launched immediately after the self-timed expiration date of the preceding one". SoBig.F expires in two weeks. "

TheBoostedBrain writes "Mike Perry and Nasko Oskov have written a very complete article about reverse engineering. It provides an introduction to reverse engineering software under both Linux and Windows."

Roland Piquepaille writes "Scientists from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a "smart brick" which can monitor a building's health and report its conditions wirelessly. "This innovation could change the face of the construction industry," said Chang Liu, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Illinois. "We are living with more and more smart electronics all around us, but we still live and work in fairly dumb buildings. By making our buildings smarter, we can improve both our comfort and safety." Built into a wall, these bricks could monitor a building's temperature, vibration and movement. Such information could be vital to firefighters battling a blazing skyscraper, or to rescue workers ascertaining the soundness of an earthquake-damaged structure. These researchers also think these devices could help monitoring nurseries, daycares and senior homes. You'll find more details in this summary."

Mr. Spock writes "The National Center for Supercomputing Applications is looking at scientific computing on the Sony Playstation 2. They've set up a cluster with 65 compute nodes. They're running Linux for Playstation 2. What will they think of next?"

Mr. Spock writes "The National Center for Supercomputing Applications is looking at scientific computing on the Sony Playstation 2. They've set up a cluster with 65 compute nodes. They're running Linux for Playstation 2. What will they think of next?"

AnamanFan writes "Today in 1993, a group of students at the University of Illinois released a little program called Mosaic. News.com.com.com has a special four-part series on the anniversary. I for one will celebrate by spending extra time with Mozilla and Camino." Slashdot marked the anniversary a little while ago.

NCSA Mosaic was first released ten years ago today (oh, I guess you could mark time from the 1.0 release, but who's counting), marking the first milestone in the evolution of the graphical World Wide Web. HTTP was originally developed between 1989-1991, but didn't take off until there was a useful browser which could display inline images. You can still download old versions of Mosaic from browsers.evolt.org. So, all you folks who think you have a real handle on technological progress: what will information-access-over-electronic-networks look like in 2013?

tiltowait writes In response to the incredulity expressed in this story about the technical prowess of libraries, I'd like to present a short essay titled "Librarians: We're Not What You Think" - read on for more. Update: 10/20 18:15 GMT by M : The author has also put up his essay on his own webpage. From the spinster librarian in It's a Wonderful Life to the crochety archivist in Attack of the Clones, librarians are often portrayed (in everything from movies, musicals, children's books, literature, science fiction, comics and cartoons to pornography - yes, pornography) as something less than noble or admirable. The perception of librarians has been a popular topic recently, with several articles focusing on the fringe-type librarians (ska, rockabilly, bellydancing, modified, bodybuilding, laughing, and lipstick). Although something of an anti-stereotype, these people illustrate the range of librarian personalities.

Many people may hold the image of a librarian as a shushing school marm who does little more than stamp and shelve books because that's all they've seen librarians do. Well think again - that's about as inaccurate as believing that Alan Greenspan is nothing more than a glorified bank teller. The job titles may change but the mission of the profession remains the same: organize information and help people find it. Libraries have been around a lot longer than the Internet, and even library technology can hold its own with the best out there. For example, Google's savvy results ranking was hardly the birth of citation analysis (next up: metadata - cough, cataloging, cough), and there are enormous library systems that also predate the Internet.

Although library geeks and technology nerds may have contrary images, in today's world the boundary between the career of the librarian and the information technologist is disappearing. Librarians today not only administer Web servers and dynamic databases to help manage large digital collections and thousands of electronic resources, they teach people how to use library systems. And just as enlightened computer engineers are advocates of noncommercial software and campaign for online rights, the library profession has a long history of staunchly defending freedom - from book burnings to the FBI's Library Awareness Program to the latest copyright battles and almost all other current issues in intellectual freedom.

Check out LISNews.com (recognize the format?) and some library blogs if you're interested in reading more about real librarians.

zrosener asks: "A have a friend who has ALS (Stephen Hawking's ailment), a particularly nasty disease in which her motor neurons deteriorate over time, slowly waylaying her. She is in pretty bad shape now, and her movement is restricted to moving her eyes, and very limited (1 inch in each direction) hand movement. She has very light bell that she uses to wake up her husband when she needs assistance, but as her strength wanes it is becoming less and less effective. She is afraid at night now that if something were to go wrong she would not be able to rouse her husband. My challenge to you is to design a noise-making-husband-alerting device cheaply and quickly assembled from strip mall parts (Radioshack, Walmart, etc.) that she could use with her extremely restricted movement. Buttons are out of the questions, as are anything that requires gripping. Analog answers are encouraged too! Please email all suggestions or post them."

Aaron Rowe writes "MSNBC and The Lancet medical journal have reported that the new oxazolidinone antibiotic Zyvox is ineffective against some forms of Staphylococcus aureus."

TunkeyMicket writes "It appears MSNBC is reporting that Linux has failed as an operating system. By citing the large Linux hype as reason for Linux to be dominating the market, they draw the conclusion that the "open source" alternative has flopped as an operating system. They briefly mention the success of Linux in the server community, but really the article gives Linux as little credit as possible."

profBill asks: "I work in the area of complex adaptive systems, that is understanding the emergence of complexity from the interactions of many elements (immune systems, economies, ecosystems, etc.). In particular we are using evolutionary computation to create elements/creatures that can co-exist in an ecosystem with certain interactions and relationships. All that is very interesting, but in the end, assuming we create such creatures, I have to show them to the ecologists and biologists so they can understand what is going on. The only way I can imagine doing it easily, other than with graphs and charts, is to create a 2D animation of the creatures and their interactions that these folks can watch. My problem is that there are so many choices for a toolkit to build such a 2D animation. My goal is not a movie of ILM quality, but something 'good enough'."

"'Good enough' for me means:

• Quick and dirty, that I can tune as needed.
• Zoom capability on a grid
• Pop up menus on any one grid element to get information.
• Scrolling, resizing, the typical.
• Be able to hook to a C/C++ program to get a creature's behavior

What would you use to build such an animation?"

Colin Winters writes "War3pub.net managed to get some answers out of a Vivendi rep about why they are suing BnetD and what they hope to accomplish. Worth a read to see how Vivendi/Blizzard is thinking about the whole thing. They believe that BnetD is going to profit sometime in the future, and want to stop them now. Kind of like arresting someone because they might get in a car accident 10 years down the road. "

A user writes "A development team at the University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana has released a 3-dimensional file browser called 3DOSX as a test of the feasibility of the technology. This program uses OpenGL to render a file system as a series of floating 'platters' interconnected by semi-translucent beams of light." I tried this on my old PowerBook G3/400, first from the source and then from the disk image, and then realized I don't have the required OpenGL-accelerated video card. Doofus am I! Be not like me! (However, it does work, albeit very slowly, on a new iBook/600). J adds: Nice and fast on an old G4/500 with a Radeon.

A user writes "A development team at the University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana has released a 3-dimensional file browser called 3DOSX as a test of the feasibility of the technology. This program uses OpenGL to render a file system as a series of floating 'platters' interconnected by semi-translucent beams of light." I tried this on my old PowerBook G3/400, first from the source and then from the disk image, and then realized I don't have the required OpenGL-accelerated video card. Doofus am I! Be not like me! (However, it does work, albeit very slowly, on a new iBook/600). J adds: Nice and fast on an old G4/500 with a Radeon.

Colin Winters writes: "The New York Times has an article that is a follow-up to the recent raid by the government on pirates in universities. Some professors believe that "By the time we get them, they already believe it [piracy]'s right." An interesting read. There's also an interesting bit on how business software is now 1/3 pirated, down from 1/2 in 1995. In America, it's only 24%. From the way companies like Microsoft whine about piracy, I'd assumed the figures were increasing, not decreasing."

It seems the folks down at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have created a 6-sided CAVE like system called ALICE. But, instead of running it off of a SGI Onyx, they've developed a distributed environment for visualization called Syzygy. Slap a few computers together and make your own holodeck!

It seems the folks down at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have created a 6-sided CAVE like system called ALICE. But, instead of running it off of a SGI Onyx, they've developed a distributed environment for visualization called Syzygy. Slap a few computers together and make your own holodeck!

It seems the folks down at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have created a 6-sided CAVE like system called ALICE. But, instead of running it off of a SGI Onyx, they've developed a distributed environment for visualization called Syzygy. Slap a few computers together and make your own holodeck!

FredGray writes: "USA Today recently posted a short story titled "1+1 does not equal muon g-2" which explains that the discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental values for the muon's anomalous magnetic moment has mostly evaporated. Unfortunately, the article completely mislays the blame for the initial discrepancy; it implies that there was a mistake in the experiment, but the problem was entirely with one small component of the theoretical calculation known as the hadronic light-by-light scattering term. As a proud member of the experimental group, I would like to ask slashdot to remind the world that we still stand by our result. We are currently analyzing a much larger data set, and we hope to publish a more precise number in the months to come."

Quite a few readers submitted news of a distributed system to be built by four U.S. institutions (mostly) out of IBM computers, and paid for with a whopping grant. DoctorWho and november writes: "'The National Science Foundation has awarded $53 million to four U.S. research institutions to build and deploy a distributed terascale facility...' A link to the press release is here." An anonymous reader contributed a link to coverage on Wired, and GreazyMF to one of this story at the New York Times.

Quite a few readers submitted news of a distributed system to be built by four U.S. institutions (mostly) out of IBM computers, and paid for with a whopping grant. DoctorWho and november writes: "'The National Science Foundation has awarded $53 million to four U.S. research institutions to build and deploy a distributed terascale facility...' A link to the press release is here." An anonymous reader contributed a link to coverage on Wired, and GreazyMF to one of this story at the New York Times.

akhaksho writes "NCSA (the National Center for Supercomputing Applications) is in the process of building the highest resolution display wall in academia. This is similar to the previous story about the wall at Sandia, but the intention of this wall is to get very high resolutions at a reasonable cost using off the shelf technology (for the most part). All of the code to run it and plans for the physical infrastructure will be available as part of the Display Wall in a Box effort. I'm one of the guys that built this sucker (and have the scars to prove it!) "

Kowgod writes "For those of you who have never checked out the NCSA's Access Magazine, this issue's cover story will hopefully spark your interest. It seems an aerospace engineer, Cyrus K. Madnia, over at the State University of New York at Buffalo is trying to use super-computers to model fire. By tinkering with the mechanics and components of a flame he hopes to discover ways to burn fuel more efficiently, thus emitting less pollution. Kind of an odd twist on the quest for the zero emission internal combustion engine."

Kowgod writes "For those of you who have never checked out the NCSA's Access Magazine, this issue's cover story will hopefully spark your interest. It seems an aerospace engineer, Cyrus K. Madnia, over at the State University of New York at Buffalo is trying to use super-computers to model fire. By tinkering with the mechanics and components of a flame he hopes to discover ways to burn fuel more efficiently, thus emitting less pollution. Kind of an odd twist on the quest for the zero emission internal combustion engine."

Kowgod writes "For those of you who have never checked out the NCSA's Access Magazine, this issue's cover story will hopefully spark your interest. It seems an aerospace engineer, Cyrus K. Madnia, over at the State University of New York at Buffalo is trying to use super-computers to model fire. By tinkering with the mechanics and components of a flame he hopes to discover ways to burn fuel more efficiently, thus emitting less pollution. Kind of an odd twist on the quest for the zero emission internal combustion engine."

Mdog asks: "I'm an instructor for The University of Illinois's CS 125 (intro to CS for CS Majors) class. I've been asking around the department regarding the legitimacy of students GPLing their submitted programs. Somebody pointed me to this document which talks about U of I policies regarding intelectual property. Having read the link, I'm still not quite sure what a students rights are in this situation, specifically part that reads that there exists a license which you implicilty agree to...: 'The minimum terms of such license shall grant the University the right to use the original work in its internally administered programs of teaching, research, and public service on a perpetual, royalty-free, non-exclusive basis.' Can I take this to mean: 'GPL compatible'? I'd be curious to know about anybody's experiences at other schools where this question has come up." I've seen several submissions where colleges take total posession of reports and projects created by students in their classes. Such a move would at least give the students some power in how their work is used.

Mdog asks: "I'm an instructor for The University of Illinois's CS 125 (intro to CS for CS Majors) class. I've been asking around the department regarding the legitimacy of students GPLing their submitted programs. Somebody pointed me to this document which talks about U of I policies regarding intelectual property. Having read the link, I'm still not quite sure what a students rights are in this situation, specifically part that reads that there exists a license which you implicilty agree to...: 'The minimum terms of such license shall grant the University the right to use the original work in its internally administered programs of teaching, research, and public service on a perpetual, royalty-free, non-exclusive basis.' Can I take this to mean: 'GPL compatible'? I'd be curious to know about anybody's experiences at other schools where this question has come up." I've seen several submissions where colleges take total posession of reports and projects created by students in their classes. Such a move would at least give the students some power in how their work is used.

Carl Kadie has returned his responses to our interview questions. He covers a wide array of topics regarding computers and academic freedom - my guess is that this interview will answer about 5% of all questions submitted to Ask Slashdot. :)

With Power comes responsibility... (Score:5, Interesting)
by Zachary DeAquila on 02-14-01 02:41 PM EST (#28)

What responsibilities do universiies incur when they have such overbroad AUPs and reserve such powers for themselves? What if, in their browsing through my data, they delete or destroy important information (thesis data or papers or somesuch)? Are they liable for it? What if they 'leak' damaging data either unknowingly or through misunderstanding? Can they be held responsible?

I'm afraid that I know the answers to all these questions and am even more afraid of those answers. So what can be done about it beyond the standard SSH and PGP rhetoric ? Is there a way to make them take responsibility for these actions, preferably a heavy enough responsibility to discourage them from wanting to take these actions in the first place?

Let me start with disclaimers. I'm not a lawyer. The legal matters I discuss are merely my understanding of the law, not real legal advice. Also, I speak for myself, not for the Electronic Frontier Foundation or my employer. For more on these issues look at the Computers and Academic Freedom Archive.

As a practical matter, no rule, regulation, or liability could ever compensate you for something like lost thesis data. Hopefully, the terror you feel just thinking about losing something irreplaceable will motivate you to make multiple backups.

For privacy, however, federal law does offer some protections. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act applies to any U.S. school, even high schools, both public and private, that accepts federal money. This is the law that stops schools from announcing your social security number and grades to the world. Schools that disclose personally identifiable information, beyond directory information, can lose their federal funding. Schools generally take this law very seriously. The only common problem is school staff who need to be educated about the law.

Another useful law is the Electronic Communications Privacy Act. This is the law that stops AOL from disclosing your grandma's email. It can also be reasonably interpreted as stopping universities from disclosing student email. It may also protect staff email.

Finally, public universities have obligations beyond federal law. As a government institution, they are bound by the federal constitution and their state constitution. A U.S. government task force says that [Email] monitoring [of government employees] of actual communications and communicators may impinge on the Constitutional rights of freedom of speech (1st Amendment), against unreasonable search and seizure (4th Amendment), and against self-incrimination (5th amendment), as well as on the right to privacy, specifically as set forth in both the Privacy Act and the ECPA. Students are presumably protected at least as much.


University policy (Score:5, Interesting)
by Pacer on 02-14-01 02:43 PM EST (#31)

I lived for two years in University residence and, frankly, my college didn't seem to have much respect for the privacy of students in any regard: all mail came through University-owned mailboxes, and packages had to be picked up at the dormitory desk, staffed by hall RAs -- students with a significant disciplinary function. All telephone service went through the university switchboard. Your room could be searched, by university staff or by police, without your permission and without any sort of warrant. Most tenant rights were violated (for instance, eviction with two weeks' notice any time of year), and now the university informs students' parents of on-campus alcohol or disciplinary violations (these are adults whose academic transcripts cannot be released to parents without a signed waiver).

It is not any surprise to me that fascist user agreements are in place concerning electronic media in light of the general control-oriented attitude of many universities towards their on-campus student populations. Perhaps the problem runs deeper than simple technophobia?

I'm optimistic about the trend. I once looked up the student regulations for my school from 1904 to present. (I've since graduated). Students were once literally treated as children. Now the policies generally respect students as scholars with academic freedom. Academic freedom (which includes freedom of expression, privacy, and due process) for students is guaranteed in the student code of many schools. It is advocated by dozen of important academic organizations. I believe academic freedom principles can be straight forwardly applied to computers and networks. For example, here is what our Draft Statement on Computers and Academic Freedom says about privacy:

"Privacy Principle: Personal files on university's computers (for example, files in a user's home directory) should have the same privacy protection as personal files in university-assigned space in an office, lab, or dormitory (for example, files in a graduate student's desk). Private communications via computer should have the same protections as private communications via telephone."

So, all is wonderful everywhere except for a few aberrations that your free ACLU lawyer can quickly take care of, right? Sadly, no. The struggle for civil liberties and academic freedom never ends. As you suggest, some in authority will always try to assert more and more control. They may never have heard the idea that students should have academic freedom. They may not realize public universities in the U.S. are constrained by the U.S. constitution. They may erroneously believe that federal law doesn't apply if you make students sign a waiver.

So what can you do? Organize and fight! It won't be easy. You'll never win completely. But, you'll likely find friends and allies everywhere from student to faculty to staff. You may find your most important allies among the computer services staff. Many computer staff folks see themselves as true professionals with a professional responsibility to what's morally and legally right, not just what the boss thinks is expedient.

If you are in high school looking at colleges, please read their student code and computer rules before you decide. This will be part of your contract with the university. If you decide not to attend a school because of bad policies, tell them and tell the world.


Linux acceptability (Score:5, Interesting)
by dwbryson on 02-14-01 02:45 PM EST (#42)

Carl- I have fought a battle at my college over Linux being on the network. I told the UTS( Univeristy Technology Services ) that I was a big advocate of Linux and was starting up a Linux User Group on campus. But first I wanted their approval. They swiftly told me that, "You can absolutly not encourage the use of Linux on OUR network, and you should be lucky that we don't ban it on campus." I was completely uphauled by this, and so promptly turned around and tried to get as many people interested as I could in Linux. And eventually started my own LUG. Do they have a right to tell me what OS I can use on their network? They of course support windows, and allow Mac's, but flat out tell me I can't have linux on their network. Do you have any suggestions on what rights I as a user have?

Let me break this into two questions. First, can a university department ban clubs or speech because it doesn't like what they advocate? Generally not. At most schools, the student code protects freedom of speech. At public universities, student speech is also protected by the 1^st amendment. To take one example, the U. of Illinois has student organizations ranging from the International Socialists to the College Republicans. Linux really shouldn't be a problem.

Second, can a University Technology Services group ban a program/OS from the Network? The difficulty is that while it might be legitimate to ban, say, a packet sniffer, it shouldn't be legitimate to stop Scientology students who want to filter their own Internet access on their own PC. How do we distinguish these cases? Legally, at state schools you could try to make a 1^st amendment argument. You could also use freedom of information requests (if applicable) to see if a rule was made for legitimate reasons. These legal battles, however, would be expensive and uncertain.

More effective than a legal approach is a good policy approach. How is good policy made? By getting everyone (students, faculty, and staff) involved in making decisions. And, if that doesn't work, by protesting and publicizing bad decisions. Here is what the Joint Statement on Rights and Freedoms of Students says about students and policy making:

"As constituents of the academic community, students should be free, individually and collectively, to express their views on issues of institutional policy and on matters of general interest to the student body. The student body should have clearly defined means to participate in the formulation and application of institutional policy affecting academic and student affairs. The role of the student government and both its general and specific responsibilities should be made explicit, and the actions of the student government within the areas of its jurisdiction should be reviewed only through orderly and prescribed procedures."

Legal Recourse? (Score:5, Interesting)
by CU-Ballistic (rogersj@SPAMSUCKSclemson.edu) on 02-14-01 02:46 PM EST (#45)

I attend a rather well-known University in the South. Of course, they have the requisite "we own you and your data" policy. They state in very explicit terms that they have the right, at any time, to search and confiscate my computer, hard drives, and other media. They say that they also have the right to monitor network traffic, and disable any account which is exhibiting "unusual or excessive" activity. This all seems incredibly arbitrary to me, and worries me very much. My question to you is: Do I have any legal recourse? My main quarrel is that as a first-year student, I am forced to live on campus, and many classes require work to be submitted electronically. Since I am unable to "opt-out" of their heavy-handed policy, do I have any legal recourse if I were to encounter a search-and-seizure situation with the Administration here?

I think I found policy in question. It has both good points and bad points. The good is that it provides for due process via the university's regular channels. Also, it lays out proscribed behavior pretty clearly. Now, to the bad:

• It doesn't say how the policy was formulated and under what authority. Were students involved? Did the university senate give approval? Was there a committee? As far as we can tell from the policy itself, it could be the work of one person without any input from the university community.
• The policy contradicts itself on privacy. It tries to use magic words to make federal law and constitutional requirements disappear. It says: "Students have no expectation of privacy when utilizing university computing resources, even if the use is for personal purposes." The policy for staff says the same thing: "Employees have no expectation of privacy ..." but a few lines before that it correctly acknowledges that "[...] Federal and State statutes protect the privacy of much of the information available on University computer systems." As a general rules, a policy should not contradict itself. (I wonder if researchers are really prohibited from storing human subject and other sensitive data on these computers?) [Editorial note: Federal laws concerning research on human subjects requires that data about such studies be stored securely, with a number of explicit security requirements. If Clemson faculty have no expectation of privacy when using Clemson computers, Clemson is breaking those laws if it conducts any research on human subjects (which it does) and stores the data on Clemson machines.]
• Finally, the policy conflates invading-policy-because-of-an-emergency and invading-it-to-gather-evidence-of-wrong-doing. Any public university and any university that respects academic freedom should distinguish these cases. Here is how the Joint Statement puts it:
  
  "Except under extreme emergency circumstances, premises occupied by students and the personal possessions of students should not be searched unless appropriate authorization has been obtained. For premises such as residence halls controlled by the institution, an appropriate and responsible authority should be designated to whom application should be made before a search is conducted. The application should specify the reasons for he search and the objects or information sought. The student should be present, if possible, during the search. For premises not controlled by the institution, the ordinary requirements for lawful search should be followed."

Finding Balance? (Score:5, Informative)
by PapaZit on 02-14-01 03:59 PM EST (#161)

Here's a shot from "the other side."

I work in Computing Services for a tech-oriented private university. Our usage policies aren't as bad as some, but they definitely give us broad priviledges. We've been through many, many proposed revisions that keep being killed by some combination of faculty, staff or lawyers. The basic problems:

There doesn't seem to be a concise legal way to say "Don't be an asshole and don't break the law," which is all we really want.

It's occasionally necessary for staff to look at private information for technical reasons (reconstructing mail spool after disk crashed, making sure the nifty new backup program actually worked, etc.). We have a huge infrastructure, and if we had to stop and check every time we might accidentally see something, we'd never get anything done unless we made our staff size much larger. We don't have the budget to do that.

Occasionally, the sysadmins will find something really bad during the course of routine work. "Spending a long time in federal prison" kind of bad. We try to keep these sort of events quiet to avoid publicity for the user in case it's not their fault (someone cracked their account, etc). We don't want our users on the evening news, but this'll happen with most "notify lots of people before doing anything" plans.

There are two opposing viewpoints that are both vocal in our community. One says "privacy over all" while the other says "learning and sharing over all". We have quite a few people who make their home directories publicly readable as a sort of protest against the "privacy freaks" (their words). Finding a policy that makes both happy is very difficult.

In light of these constraints (financial and social), how do we give more rights to our users without seriously impeding our ability to do our jobs?

First, I commend you for taking your professional responsibilities seriously. As you know, incidental and emergency exposure of information is a fact of life. Your computers likely contain everything from medical information, to love letters, to evidence of criminal activity. After much debate at the U. of Illinois, with input from all of campus, the University adopted a policy that says in part:

"Network and system administrators are expected to treat the contents of electronic files as private and confidential. Any inspection of electronic files, and any action based upon such inspection, will be governed by all applicable U. S. and Illinois laws and by University policies."

Other schools also respect the privacy of email and files. You can see examples here. For some general tips on making good policy, look here.


I am violating my school's policy by posting this. (Score:4, Interesting)
by SkyIce (dangelo(a)ntplx.net) on 02-14-01 03:47 PM EST (#144)

Take a look at my school's AUP at http://www.exeter.edu/publications/ebook/datavoice video.html . Some interesting quotes:

"No pseudonymous or anonymous messages may be sent. Students should be careful not to give out personal information over the Internet."

"Accessing the accounts and files of others is prohibited."

"Students may be held accountable for their actions while off-campus and thus for messages posted from off-campus accounts."

Academy network resources, including all telephone and data lines, are the property of the Academy. The Academy will, to the extent possible, respect privacy of all account holders on the network. However, the Academy is responsible for investigating possible violations of and enforcing all Academy rules governing the network. Academy network users should, therefore, keep in mind that the Academy reserves the right to access any information stored or transmitted over the network.

But nowhere in it does it mention the search of a personal computer. Somehow, last week, on mere suspicion, my and three other kids' computers were seized and held for a few days while the network administrator attempted to track down the source of network troubles. He ultimately failed, but in the process noticed that I was using a different IP address and hostname other than the one I had been assigned. The case was sent to the discipline committee under "Theft of IP address" and I am now on probation for eight weeks. My dorm room's port was activated "with restrictions" yesterday, and they now want me to e-mail them a list of every program I want to download so that they can verify it. Was this even legal? What can I do to stop something like this from happening in the future?

As a student in a private high school that likely doesn't take any government money, you have few legal protections. As long as they follow their own rules, they can do almost anything they want. Sorry.

Again, I strongly encourage you to read the student code and computer policies of any colleges you are looking at. You'll find critiques of several dozen policies Computers and Academic Freedom Policy Archive. (Hopefully, most of the bad policies in the archive have since been improved.)


Colleges vs Corporations (Score:3, Interesting)
by Chris Brewer (chrisbrewer@paradise.net.nzSPAMBEGONE(TM)) on 02-14-01 02:44 PM EST (#39)

In your opinion, is there any difference between what a student does on the campus network using college owned computers and an employee using the corporate network using the company's computers with regard to who owns the data?

In the U.S., there is a world of difference between employees and students. (I don't know about the law in New Zealand). The work employees do on company equipment generally belongs to the company. Moreover, at work Americans have little privacy protection. (The ACLU has a project on workplace civil liberties.)

Students, on the other hand, are customers of the university, not its agents or employees. Although your grandmother might store a document on AOL's computers, that does not give AOL ownership of the document's copyright. Likewise, while you might research a paper in the University library and store it on a University computer, they gain no ownership rights.


WPI's Acceptible Use Policy (Score:3, Interesting)
by Saint Nobody on 02-14-01 02:50 PM EST (#55)

Personally, i think that WPI has a pretty good AUP, (which is not to say i haven't had problems with netops regarding a few violations, only one of which i was actually responsible for.) it doesn't say that they can read our email personal files and other miscellany, and it requires us not to go poking around.

However, it doesn't say that they can't.

how do you feel about policies like that? It doesn't guarantee our privacy, but it doesn't infringe on it either. Is lack of a guarantee an implicit infringement?

The Joint Statement says that academic freedom "requires" policies that clearly define possible offenses and that are enforced though fair due-process procedures. As you point out, WPI, a private technical institute, leaves a lot unsaid in its computer policy especially about policy enforcement. Are such vague policies OK because we can trust the wisdom of the university staff to do what's right? As much as I respect the professionalism of many computer staff folks, we can't know that the good ones will always be there. To be safe, we must capture some wisdom in policy.

So, what could go wrong? Imagine this nightmare: The WPI computer organization decides to ignore the Institute's regular judicial system with its system of check and balances. The computer org decides to impose punishments on students itself. It guarantees no notice of charges, no hearing, and no appeal procedure.

How likely is this nightmare? IT HAS ALREADY HAPPENED!

Read another WPI policy, the Residential AUP Policy. This policy reminds me of a line from Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland: "No, no," said the Queen: "The sentence first -- the verdict afterwards." Except they don't even bother with the verdict.


Is it because of lawyers? (Score:3, Interesting)
by Wariac on 02-14-01 03:06 PM EST (#83)

Do you think that Schools do this in practice, or is this just a CYA (cover your ass) scenario in case a student does something stupid/illegal. It seems to me in this lawsuit-happy world full of sleazy lawyers that this could be the only way that Schools (or anyone) can avoid being sued into bankruptcy.

In a nutshell, Do the schools implement these policies on thier own accord, or are they usualy done at the request of thier insurer?

Because students are customers of a school and not employees/agents schools generally aren't responsible for their actions. So, if it's not insurers who ask for bad policies where to they come from? It often works like this:

• A student does something obnoxious, but not against any written rules.
• The student is investigated and punished.
• The department that punished the student creates very broad and very vague rules to justify, after the fact, the procedure and punishment already imposed. (For example, see the case of the NCSA.)
• The new policy is run by University legal counsel. Legal counsel checks that it doesn't make any promises or guarantees to students. Counsel doesn't think to check for consistency with other policies or Constitutional requirements.
• Some students, faculty, or staff members finally get to read the policy. Using email, web sites, netnews, newspaper stories, and sometimes even demonstrations on on the Quad/Green, they educate themselves and the University community about legal and academic standards. Everyone starts to see the problems in the first policy.
• A committee is formed of students, faculty, staff, and librarians. They work for a while and create a much better policy.
• The new policy is adopted by the University and replaces the old. (For example, the UIUC privacy policy that grew out of the NCSA policy.)
• Everyone lives happily ever after. (Until the next time a student does something obnoxious but not against any written rules.)

How do you handle bandwidth issues? (Score:2, Interesting)
by Shook (shook@iname.com) on 02-14-01 10:34 PM EST (#261)

I go to a fairly devout Christian U., that has very aggressive censor ware against sex, porn, illegal activities, but that isn't the focus of my question. Unlike many schools, my U. did nothing to block Napster use, and I always found this a little surprising.

When we came back from X-Mas break, Napster was blocked. People moaned and groaned, but it turns out it wasn't even our school's call (though they might have had a say in it) Our school gets its access from a state-wide government-run ISP for educational institutions, and the ISP decided to block Napster, Gnutella, and probably others.

Rather than copyright issues, they cited bandwidth problems. Although, I miss my Napster, I find this hard to argue with. (Theoretically) the network is for educaitonal purposes, and my average dorm-connection speed has doubled since Napster was blocked. But this could easily become a slippery slope, what is to keep them from blocking things like FTP, or Real Audio, both of which I have used for research, but can present bandwidth problems.

How would you suggest balancing to need to reserve bandwidth for serious school-related purposes, and still provide a useful Internet service?

Ten years ago, some schools thought it necessary to ban all games from their computers and networks. (Here is a critique of one such policy.) Now the computer game industry is as big as the movie industry. And, just as you can take film classes in college, so you can take computer game classes. This illustrates the wisdom of a tenet of academic freedom: no authority knows everything that will be important in the future. Therefore, every professor and every student should be free to examine and discuss all questions of interest to them. Schools should do their best to accommodate these explorations. Peer-to-peer systems could be the next big thing. It sounds like the students and professors in your state won't be part of it.

Could there ever be a legitimate reason to ban ALL recreational use of the network? Sure, just as I can imagine a college so resource-poor that it banned all recreational reading in the library, I can imagine a college so resource-poor that it banned all recreational network use. But I won't want to attend such a school.

But, how should needs be balanced when resources require it? I advocate following the model of librarians. They are experts at selecting books based on professional standards and respect for intellectual freedom.

In closing, let me list some resources and ask for some possible help:

• American Civil Liberties Union
• Electronic Frontier Foundation, civil liberties group which works to protect privacy, free expression, and access to new media sources.
• The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE), a nonprofit educational foundation devoted to free speech, individual liberty, religious freedom, the rights of conscience, legal equality, due process, and academic freedom on our nation's campuses.
• Peacefire, a nonprofit organization representing the interests of people under 18 in the debate over freedom of speech on the Internet. Peacefire focuses mostly on censorware (Internet content filtering software) in libraries and schools.
• Student Press Law Center, a nonprofit organization provides legal advice to media students and educators on issues related to freedom of the press. Includes advice and news.
• American Association of University Professors, focuses on issues of academic freedom and tenure and campus governance by faculty. Details its programs and policies.
• American Library Association - Office for Intellectual Freedom

Finally, if you go to the Computers and Academic Freedom Archive, my web site, you'll notice it has not been updated for a while. With a job, a family, and new interests, I haven't given the site and issue the attention it deserves. I'd love to get ideas and/or proposals from folks on how to get the Computers and Academic Freedom Project restarted. Thanks.

Carl Kadie
kadie@eff.org
p.s. I'll be on vacation from the 4th to the 11th.

Carl Kadie has returned his responses to our interview questions. He covers a wide array of topics regarding computers and academic freedom - my guess is that this interview will answer about 5% of all questions submitted to Ask Slashdot. :)

With Power comes responsibility... (Score:5, Interesting)
by Zachary DeAquila on 02-14-01 02:41 PM EST (#28)

What responsibilities do universiies incur when they have such overbroad AUPs and reserve such powers for themselves? What if, in their browsing through my data, they delete or destroy important information (thesis data or papers or somesuch)? Are they liable for it? What if they 'leak' damaging data either unknowingly or through misunderstanding? Can they be held responsible?

I'm afraid that I know the answers to all these questions and am even more afraid of those answers. So what can be done about it beyond the standard SSH and PGP rhetoric ? Is there a way to make them take responsibility for these actions, preferably a heavy enough responsibility to discourage them from wanting to take these actions in the first place?

Let me start with disclaimers. I'm not a lawyer. The legal matters I discuss are merely my understanding of the law, not real legal advice. Also, I speak for myself, not for the Electronic Frontier Foundation or my employer. For more on these issues look at the Computers and Academic Freedom Archive.

As a practical matter, no rule, regulation, or liability could ever compensate you for something like lost thesis data. Hopefully, the terror you feel just thinking about losing something irreplaceable will motivate you to make multiple backups.

For privacy, however, federal law does offer some protections. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act applies to any U.S. school, even high schools, both public and private, that accepts federal money. This is the law that stops schools from announcing your social security number and grades to the world. Schools that disclose personally identifiable information, beyond directory information, can lose their federal funding. Schools generally take this law very seriously. The only common problem is school staff who need to be educated about the law.

Another useful law is the Electronic Communications Privacy Act. This is the law that stops AOL from disclosing your grandma's email. It can also be reasonably interpreted as stopping universities from disclosing student email. It may also protect staff email.

Finally, public universities have obligations beyond federal law. As a government institution, they are bound by the federal constitution and their state constitution. A U.S. government task force says that [Email] monitoring [of government employees] of actual communications and communicators may impinge on the Constitutional rights of freedom of speech (1st Amendment), against unreasonable search and seizure (4th Amendment), and against self-incrimination (5th amendment), as well as on the right to privacy, specifically as set forth in both the Privacy Act and the ECPA. Students are presumably protected at least as much.


University policy (Score:5, Interesting)
by Pacer on 02-14-01 02:43 PM EST (#31)

I lived for two years in University residence and, frankly, my college didn't seem to have much respect for the privacy of students in any regard: all mail came through University-owned mailboxes, and packages had to be picked up at the dormitory desk, staffed by hall RAs -- students with a significant disciplinary function. All telephone service went through the university switchboard. Your room could be searched, by university staff or by police, without your permission and without any sort of warrant. Most tenant rights were violated (for instance, eviction with two weeks' notice any time of year), and now the university informs students' parents of on-campus alcohol or disciplinary violations (these are adults whose academic transcripts cannot be released to parents without a signed waiver).

It is not any surprise to me that fascist user agreements are in place concerning electronic media in light of the general control-oriented attitude of many universities towards their on-campus student populations. Perhaps the problem runs deeper than simple technophobia?

I'm optimistic about the trend. I once looked up the student regulations for my school from 1904 to present. (I've since graduated). Students were once literally treated as children. Now the policies generally respect students as scholars with academic freedom. Academic freedom (which includes freedom of expression, privacy, and due process) for students is guaranteed in the student code of many schools. It is advocated by dozen of important academic organizations. I believe academic freedom principles can be straight forwardly applied to computers and networks. For example, here is what our Draft Statement on Computers and Academic Freedom says about privacy:

"Privacy Principle: Personal files on university's computers (for example, files in a user's home directory) should have the same privacy protection as personal files in university-assigned space in an office, lab, or dormitory (for example, files in a graduate student's desk). Private communications via computer should have the same protections as private communications via telephone."

So, all is wonderful everywhere except for a few aberrations that your free ACLU lawyer can quickly take care of, right? Sadly, no. The struggle for civil liberties and academic freedom never ends. As you suggest, some in authority will always try to assert more and more control. They may never have heard the idea that students should have academic freedom. They may not realize public universities in the U.S. are constrained by the U.S. constitution. They may erroneously believe that federal law doesn't apply if you make students sign a waiver.

So what can you do? Organize and fight! It won't be easy. You'll never win completely. But, you'll likely find friends and allies everywhere from student to faculty to staff. You may find your most important allies among the computer services staff. Many computer staff folks see themselves as true professionals with a professional responsibility to what's morally and legally right, not just what the boss thinks is expedient.

If you are in high school looking at colleges, please read their student code and computer rules before you decide. This will be part of your contract with the university. If you decide not to attend a school because of bad policies, tell them and tell the world.


Linux acceptability (Score:5, Interesting)
by dwbryson on 02-14-01 02:45 PM EST (#42)

Carl- I have fought a battle at my college over Linux being on the network. I told the UTS( Univeristy Technology Services ) that I was a big advocate of Linux and was starting up a Linux User Group on campus. But first I wanted their approval. They swiftly told me that, "You can absolutly not encourage the use of Linux on OUR network, and you should be lucky that we don't ban it on campus." I was completely uphauled by this, and so promptly turned around and tried to get as many people interested as I could in Linux. And eventually started my own LUG. Do they have a right to tell me what OS I can use on their network? They of course support windows, and allow Mac's, but flat out tell me I can't have linux on their network. Do you have any suggestions on what rights I as a user have?

Let me break this into two questions. First, can a university department ban clubs or speech because it doesn't like what they advocate? Generally not. At most schools, the student code protects freedom of speech. At public universities, student speech is also protected by the 1^st amendment. To take one example, the U. of Illinois has student organizations ranging from the International Socialists to the College Republicans. Linux really shouldn't be a problem.

Second, can a University Technology Services group ban a program/OS from the Network? The difficulty is that while it might be legitimate to ban, say, a packet sniffer, it shouldn't be legitimate to stop Scientology students who want to filter their own Internet access on their own PC. How do we distinguish these cases? Legally, at state schools you could try to make a 1^st amendment argument. You could also use freedom of information requests (if applicable) to see if a rule was made for legitimate reasons. These legal battles, however, would be expensive and uncertain.

More effective than a legal approach is a good policy approach. How is good policy made? By getting everyone (students, faculty, and staff) involved in making decisions. And, if that doesn't work, by protesting and publicizing bad decisions. Here is what the Joint Statement on Rights and Freedoms of Students says about students and policy making:

"As constituents of the academic community, students should be free, individually and collectively, to express their views on issues of institutional policy and on matters of general interest to the student body. The student body should have clearly defined means to participate in the formulation and application of institutional policy affecting academic and student affairs. The role of the student government and both its general and specific responsibilities should be made explicit, and the actions of the student government within the areas of its jurisdiction should be reviewed only through orderly and prescribed procedures."

Legal Recourse? (Score:5, Interesting)
by CU-Ballistic (rogersj@SPAMSUCKSclemson.edu) on 02-14-01 02:46 PM EST (#45)

I attend a rather well-known University in the South. Of course, they have the requisite "we own you and your data" policy. They state in very explicit terms that they have the right, at any time, to search and confiscate my computer, hard drives, and other media. They say that they also have the right to monitor network traffic, and disable any account which is exhibiting "unusual or excessive" activity. This all seems incredibly arbitrary to me, and worries me very much. My question to you is: Do I have any legal recourse? My main quarrel is that as a first-year student, I am forced to live on campus, and many classes require work to be submitted electronically. Since I am unable to "opt-out" of their heavy-handed policy, do I have any legal recourse if I were to encounter a search-and-seizure situation with the Administration here?

I think I found policy in question. It has both good points and bad points. The good is that it provides for due process via the university's regular channels. Also, it lays out proscribed behavior pretty clearly. Now, to the bad:

• It doesn't say how the policy was formulated and under what authority. Were students involved? Did the university senate give approval? Was there a committee? As far as we can tell from the policy itself, it could be the work of one person without any input from the university community.
• The policy contradicts itself on privacy. It tries to use magic words to make federal law and constitutional requirements disappear. It says: "Students have no expectation of privacy when utilizing university computing resources, even if the use is for personal purposes." The policy for staff says the same thing: "Employees have no expectation of privacy ..." but a few lines before that it correctly acknowledges that "[...] Federal and State statutes protect the privacy of much of the information available on University computer systems." As a general rules, a policy should not contradict itself. (I wonder if researchers are really prohibited from storing human subject and other sensitive data on these computers?) [Editorial note: Federal laws concerning research on human subjects requires that data about such studies be stored securely, with a number of explicit security requirements. If Clemson faculty have no expectation of privacy when using Clemson computers, Clemson is breaking those laws if it conducts any research on human subjects (which it does) and stores the data on Clemson machines.]
• Finally, the policy conflates invading-policy-because-of-an-emergency and invading-it-to-gather-evidence-of-wrong-doing. Any public university and any university that respects academic freedom should distinguish these cases. Here is how the Joint Statement puts it:
  
  "Except under extreme emergency circumstances, premises occupied by students and the personal possessions of students should not be searched unless appropriate authorization has been obtained. For premises such as residence halls controlled by the institution, an appropriate and responsible authority should be designated to whom application should be made before a search is conducted. The application should specify the reasons for he search and the objects or information sought. The student should be present, if possible, during the search. For premises not controlled by the institution, the ordinary requirements for lawful search should be followed."

Finding Balance? (Score:5, Informative)
by PapaZit on 02-14-01 03:59 PM EST (#161)

Here's a shot from "the other side."

I work in Computing Services for a tech-oriented private university. Our usage policies aren't as bad as some, but they definitely give us broad priviledges. We've been through many, many proposed revisions that keep being killed by some combination of faculty, staff or lawyers. The basic problems:

There doesn't seem to be a concise legal way to say "Don't be an asshole and don't break the law," which is all we really want.

It's occasionally necessary for staff to look at private information for technical reasons (reconstructing mail spool after disk crashed, making sure the nifty new backup program actually worked, etc.). We have a huge infrastructure, and if we had to stop and check every time we might accidentally see something, we'd never get anything done unless we made our staff size much larger. We don't have the budget to do that.

Occasionally, the sysadmins will find something really bad during the course of routine work. "Spending a long time in federal prison" kind of bad. We try to keep these sort of events quiet to avoid publicity for the user in case it's not their fault (someone cracked their account, etc). We don't want our users on the evening news, but this'll happen with most "notify lots of people before doing anything" plans.

There are two opposing viewpoints that are both vocal in our community. One says "privacy over all" while the other says "learning and sharing over all". We have quite a few people who make their home directories publicly readable as a sort of protest against the "privacy freaks" (their words). Finding a policy that makes both happy is very difficult.

In light of these constraints (financial and social), how do we give more rights to our users without seriously impeding our ability to do our jobs?

First, I commend you for taking your professional responsibilities seriously. As you know, incidental and emergency exposure of information is a fact of life. Your computers likely contain everything from medical information, to love letters, to evidence of criminal activity. After much debate at the U. of Illinois, with input from all of campus, the University adopted a policy that says in part:

"Network and system administrators are expected to treat the contents of electronic files as private and confidential. Any inspection of electronic files, and any action based upon such inspection, will be governed by all applicable U. S. and Illinois laws and by University policies."

Other schools also respect the privacy of email and files. You can see examples here. For some general tips on making good policy, look here.


I am violating my school's policy by posting this. (Score:4, Interesting)
by SkyIce (dangelo(a)ntplx.net) on 02-14-01 03:47 PM EST (#144)

Take a look at my school's AUP at http://www.exeter.edu/publications/ebook/datavoice video.html . Some interesting quotes:

"No pseudonymous or anonymous messages may be sent. Students should be careful not to give out personal information over the Internet."

"Accessing the accounts and files of others is prohibited."

"Students may be held accountable for their actions while off-campus and thus for messages posted from off-campus accounts."

Academy network resources, including all telephone and data lines, are the property of the Academy. The Academy will, to the extent possible, respect privacy of all account holders on the network. However, the Academy is responsible for investigating possible violations of and enforcing all Academy rules governing the network. Academy network users should, therefore, keep in mind that the Academy reserves the right to access any information stored or transmitted over the network.

But nowhere in it does it mention the search of a personal computer. Somehow, last week, on mere suspicion, my and three other kids' computers were seized and held for a few days while the network administrator attempted to track down the source of network troubles. He ultimately failed, but in the process noticed that I was using a different IP address and hostname other than the one I had been assigned. The case was sent to the discipline committee under "Theft of IP address" and I am now on probation for eight weeks. My dorm room's port was activated "with restrictions" yesterday, and they now want me to e-mail them a list of every program I want to download so that they can verify it. Was this even legal? What can I do to stop something like this from happening in the future?

As a student in a private high school that likely doesn't take any government money, you have few legal protections. As long as they follow their own rules, they can do almost anything they want. Sorry.

Again, I strongly encourage you to read the student code and computer policies of any colleges you are looking at. You'll find critiques of several dozen policies Computers and Academic Freedom Policy Archive. (Hopefully, most of the bad policies in the archive have since been improved.)


Colleges vs Corporations (Score:3, Interesting)
by Chris Brewer (chrisbrewer@paradise.net.nzSPAMBEGONE(TM)) on 02-14-01 02:44 PM EST (#39)

In your opinion, is there any difference between what a student does on the campus network using college owned computers and an employee using the corporate network using the company's computers with regard to who owns the data?

In the U.S., there is a world of difference between employees and students. (I don't know about the law in New Zealand). The work employees do on company equipment generally belongs to the company. Moreover, at work Americans have little privacy protection. (The ACLU has a project on workplace civil liberties.)

Students, on the other hand, are customers of the university, not its agents or employees. Although your grandmother might store a document on AOL's computers, that does not give AOL ownership of the document's copyright. Likewise, while you might research a paper in the University library and store it on a University computer, they gain no ownership rights.


WPI's Acceptible Use Policy (Score:3, Interesting)
by Saint Nobody on 02-14-01 02:50 PM EST (#55)

Personally, i think that WPI has a pretty good AUP, (which is not to say i haven't had problems with netops regarding a few violations, only one of which i was actually responsible for.) it doesn't say that they can read our email personal files and other miscellany, and it requires us not to go poking around.

However, it doesn't say that they can't.

how do you feel about policies like that? It doesn't guarantee our privacy, but it doesn't infringe on it either. Is lack of a guarantee an implicit infringement?

The Joint Statement says that academic freedom "requires" policies that clearly define possible offenses and that are enforced though fair due-process procedures. As you point out, WPI, a private technical institute, leaves a lot unsaid in its computer policy especially about policy enforcement. Are such vague policies OK because we can trust the wisdom of the university staff to do what's right? As much as I respect the professionalism of many computer staff folks, we can't know that the good ones will always be there. To be safe, we must capture some wisdom in policy.

So, what could go wrong? Imagine this nightmare: The WPI computer organization decides to ignore the Institute's regular judicial system with its system of check and balances. The computer org decides to impose punishments on students itself. It guarantees no notice of charges, no hearing, and no appeal procedure.

How likely is this nightmare? IT HAS ALREADY HAPPENED!

Read another WPI policy, the Residential AUP Policy. This policy reminds me of a line from Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland: "No, no," said the Queen: "The sentence first -- the verdict afterwards." Except they don't even bother with the verdict.


Is it because of lawyers? (Score:3, Interesting)
by Wariac on 02-14-01 03:06 PM EST (#83)

Do you think that Schools do this in practice, or is this just a CYA (cover your ass) scenario in case a student does something stupid/illegal. It seems to me in this lawsuit-happy world full of sleazy lawyers that this could be the only way that Schools (or anyone) can avoid being sued into bankruptcy.

In a nutshell, Do the schools implement these policies on thier own accord, or are they usualy done at the request of thier insurer?

Because students are customers of a school and not employees/agents schools generally aren't responsible for their actions. So, if it's not insurers who ask for bad policies where to they come from? It often works like this:

• A student does something obnoxious, but not against any written rules.
• The student is investigated and punished.
• The department that punished the student creates very broad and very vague rules to justify, after the fact, the procedure and punishment already imposed. (For example, see the case of the NCSA.)
• The new policy is run by University legal counsel. Legal counsel checks that it doesn't make any promises or guarantees to students. Counsel doesn't think to check for consistency with other policies or Constitutional requirements.
• Some students, faculty, or staff members finally get to read the policy. Using email, web sites, netnews, newspaper stories, and sometimes even demonstrations on on the Quad/Green, they educate themselves and the University community about legal and academic standards. Everyone starts to see the problems in the first policy.
• A committee is formed of students, faculty, staff, and librarians. They work for a while and create a much better policy.
• The new policy is adopted by the University and replaces the old. (For example, the UIUC privacy policy that grew out of the NCSA policy.)
• Everyone lives happily ever after. (Until the next time a student does something obnoxious but not against any written rules.)

How do you handle bandwidth issues? (Score:2, Interesting)
by Shook (shook@iname.com) on 02-14-01 10:34 PM EST (#261)

I go to a fairly devout Christian U., that has very aggressive censor ware against sex, porn, illegal activities, but that isn't the focus of my question. Unlike many schools, my U. did nothing to block Napster use, and I always found this a little surprising.

When we came back from X-Mas break, Napster was blocked. People moaned and groaned, but it turns out it wasn't even our school's call (though they might have had a say in it) Our school gets its access from a state-wide government-run ISP for educational institutions, and the ISP decided to block Napster, Gnutella, and probably others.

Rather than copyright issues, they cited bandwidth problems. Although, I miss my Napster, I find this hard to argue with. (Theoretically) the network is for educaitonal purposes, and my average dorm-connection speed has doubled since Napster was blocked. But this could easily become a slippery slope, what is to keep them from blocking things like FTP, or Real Audio, both of which I have used for research, but can present bandwidth problems.

How would you suggest balancing to need to reserve bandwidth for serious school-related purposes, and still provide a useful Internet service?

Ten years ago, some schools thought it necessary to ban all games from their computers and networks. (Here is a critique of one such policy.) Now the computer game industry is as big as the movie industry. And, just as you can take film classes in college, so you can take computer game classes. This illustrates the wisdom of a tenet of academic freedom: no authority knows everything that will be important in the future. Therefore, every professor and every student should be free to examine and discuss all questions of interest to them. Schools should do their best to accommodate these explorations. Peer-to-peer systems could be the next big thing. It sounds like the students and professors in your state won't be part of it.

Could there ever be a legitimate reason to ban ALL recreational use of the network? Sure, just as I can imagine a college so resource-poor that it banned all recreational reading in the library, I can imagine a college so resource-poor that it banned all recreational network use. But I won't want to attend such a school.

But, how should needs be balanced when resources require it? I advocate following the model of librarians. They are experts at selecting books based on professional standards and respect for intellectual freedom.

In closing, let me list some resources and ask for some possible help:

• American Civil Liberties Union
• Electronic Frontier Foundation, civil liberties group which works to protect privacy, free expression, and access to new media sources.
• The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE), a nonprofit educational foundation devoted to free speech, individual liberty, religious freedom, the rights of conscience, legal equality, due process, and academic freedom on our nation's campuses.
• Peacefire, a nonprofit organization representing the interests of people under 18 in the debate over freedom of speech on the Internet. Peacefire focuses mostly on censorware (Internet content filtering software) in libraries and schools.
• Student Press Law Center, a nonprofit organization provides legal advice to media students and educators on issues related to freedom of the press. Includes advice and news.
• American Association of University Professors, focuses on issues of academic freedom and tenure and campus governance by faculty. Details its programs and policies.
• American Library Association - Office for Intellectual Freedom

Finally, if you go to the Computers and Academic Freedom Archive, my web site, you'll notice it has not been updated for a while. With a job, a family, and new interests, I haven't given the site and issue the attention it deserves. I'd love to get ideas and/or proposals from folks on how to get the Computers and Academic Freedom Project restarted. Thanks.

Carl Kadie
kadie@eff.org
p.s. I'll be on vacation from the 4th to the 11th.

Carl Kadie has returned his responses to our interview questions. He covers a wide array of topics regarding computers and academic freedom - my guess is that this interview will answer about 5% of all questions submitted to Ask Slashdot. :)

With Power comes responsibility... (Score:5, Interesting)
by Zachary DeAquila on 02-14-01 02:41 PM EST (#28)

What responsibilities do universiies incur when they have such overbroad AUPs and reserve such powers for themselves? What if, in their browsing through my data, they delete or destroy important information (thesis data or papers or somesuch)? Are they liable for it? What if they 'leak' damaging data either unknowingly or through misunderstanding? Can they be held responsible?

I'm afraid that I know the answers to all these questions and am even more afraid of those answers. So what can be done about it beyond the standard SSH and PGP rhetoric ? Is there a way to make them take responsibility for these actions, preferably a heavy enough responsibility to discourage them from wanting to take these actions in the first place?

Let me start with disclaimers. I'm not a lawyer. The legal matters I discuss are merely my understanding of the law, not real legal advice. Also, I speak for myself, not for the Electronic Frontier Foundation or my employer. For more on these issues look at the Computers and Academic Freedom Archive.

As a practical matter, no rule, regulation, or liability could ever compensate you for something like lost thesis data. Hopefully, the terror you feel just thinking about losing something irreplaceable will motivate you to make multiple backups.

For privacy, however, federal law does offer some protections. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act applies to any U.S. school, even high schools, both public and private, that accepts federal money. This is the law that stops schools from announcing your social security number and grades to the world. Schools that disclose personally identifiable information, beyond directory information, can lose their federal funding. Schools generally take this law very seriously. The only common problem is school staff who need to be educated about the law.

Another useful law is the Electronic Communications Privacy Act. This is the law that stops AOL from disclosing your grandma's email. It can also be reasonably interpreted as stopping universities from disclosing student email. It may also protect staff email.

Finally, public universities have obligations beyond federal law. As a government institution, they are bound by the federal constitution and their state constitution. A U.S. government task force says that [Email] monitoring [of government employees] of actual communications and communicators may impinge on the Constitutional rights of freedom of speech (1st Amendment), against unreasonable search and seizure (4th Amendment), and against self-incrimination (5th amendment), as well as on the right to privacy, specifically as set forth in both the Privacy Act and the ECPA. Students are presumably protected at least as much.


University policy (Score:5, Interesting)
by Pacer on 02-14-01 02:43 PM EST (#31)

I lived for two years in University residence and, frankly, my college didn't seem to have much respect for the privacy of students in any regard: all mail came through University-owned mailboxes, and packages had to be picked up at the dormitory desk, staffed by hall RAs -- students with a significant disciplinary function. All telephone service went through the university switchboard. Your room could be searched, by university staff or by police, without your permission and without any sort of warrant. Most tenant rights were violated (for instance, eviction with two weeks' notice any time of year), and now the university informs students' parents of on-campus alcohol or disciplinary violations (these are adults whose academic transcripts cannot be released to parents without a signed waiver).

It is not any surprise to me that fascist user agreements are in place concerning electronic media in light of the general control-oriented attitude of many universities towards their on-campus student populations. Perhaps the problem runs deeper than simple technophobia?

I'm optimistic about the trend. I once looked up the student regulations for my school from 1904 to present. (I've since graduated). Students were once literally treated as children. Now the policies generally respect students as scholars with academic freedom. Academic freedom (which includes freedom of expression, privacy, and due process) for students is guaranteed in the student code of many schools. It is advocated by dozen of important academic organizations. I believe academic freedom principles can be straight forwardly applied to computers and networks. For example, here is what our Draft Statement on Computers and Academic Freedom says about privacy:

"Privacy Principle: Personal files on university's computers (for example, files in a user's home directory) should have the same privacy protection as personal files in university-assigned space in an office, lab, or dormitory (for example, files in a graduate student's desk). Private communications via computer should have the same protections as private communications via telephone."

So, all is wonderful everywhere except for a few aberrations that your free ACLU lawyer can quickly take care of, right? Sadly, no. The struggle for civil liberties and academic freedom never ends. As you suggest, some in authority will always try to assert more and more control. They may never have heard the idea that students should have academic freedom. They may not realize public universities in the U.S. are constrained by the U.S. constitution. They may erroneously believe that federal law doesn't apply if you make students sign a waiver.

So what can you do? Organize and fight! It won't be easy. You'll never win completely. But, you'll likely find friends and allies everywhere from student to faculty to staff. You may find your most important allies among the computer services staff. Many computer staff folks see themselves as true professionals with a professional responsibility to what's morally and legally right, not just what the boss thinks is expedient.

If you are in high school looking at colleges, please read their student code and computer rules before you decide. This will be part of your contract with the university. If you decide not to attend a school because of bad policies, tell them and tell the world.


Linux acceptability (Score:5, Interesting)
by dwbryson on 02-14-01 02:45 PM EST (#42)

Carl- I have fought a battle at my college over Linux being on the network. I told the UTS( Univeristy Technology Services ) that I was a big advocate of Linux and was starting up a Linux User Group on campus. But first I wanted their approval. They swiftly told me that, "You can absolutly not encourage the use of Linux on OUR network, and you should be lucky that we don't ban it on campus." I was completely uphauled by this, and so promptly turned around and tried to get as many people interested as I could in Linux. And eventually started my own LUG. Do they have a right to tell me what OS I can use on their network? They of course support windows, and allow Mac's, but flat out tell me I can't have linux on their network. Do you have any suggestions on what rights I as a user have?

Let me break this into two questions. First, can a university department ban clubs or speech because it doesn't like what they advocate? Generally not. At most schools, the student code protects freedom of speech. At public universities, student speech is also protected by the 1^st amendment. To take one example, the U. of Illinois has student organizations ranging from the International Socialists to the College Republicans. Linux really shouldn't be a problem.

Second, can a University Technology Services group ban a program/OS from the Network? The difficulty is that while it might be legitimate to ban, say, a packet sniffer, it shouldn't be legitimate to stop Scientology students who want to filter their own Internet access on their own PC. How do we distinguish these cases? Legally, at state schools you could try to make a 1^st amendment argument. You could also use freedom of information requests (if applicable) to see if a rule was made for legitimate reasons. These legal battles, however, would be expensive and uncertain.

More effective than a legal approach is a good policy approach. How is good policy made? By getting everyone (students, faculty, and staff) involved in making decisions. And, if that doesn't work, by protesting and publicizing bad decisions. Here is what the Joint Statement on Rights and Freedoms of Students says about students and policy making:

"As constituents of the academic community, students should be free, individually and collectively, to express their views on issues of institutional policy and on matters of general interest to the student body. The student body should have clearly defined means to participate in the formulation and application of institutional policy affecting academic and student affairs. The role of the student government and both its general and specific responsibilities should be made explicit, and the actions of the student government within the areas of its jurisdiction should be reviewed only through orderly and prescribed procedures."

Legal Recourse? (Score:5, Interesting)
by CU-Ballistic (rogersj@SPAMSUCKSclemson.edu) on 02-14-01 02:46 PM EST (#45)

I attend a rather well-known University in the South. Of course, they have the requisite "we own you and your data" policy. They state in very explicit terms that they have the right, at any time, to search and confiscate my computer, hard drives, and other media. They say that they also have the right to monitor network traffic, and disable any account which is exhibiting "unusual or excessive" activity. This all seems incredibly arbitrary to me, and worries me very much. My question to you is: Do I have any legal recourse? My main quarrel is that as a first-year student, I am forced to live on campus, and many classes require work to be submitted electronically. Since I am unable to "opt-out" of their heavy-handed policy, do I have any legal recourse if I were to encounter a search-and-seizure situation with the Administration here?

I think I found policy in question. It has both good points and bad points. The good is that it provides for due process via the university's regular channels. Also, it lays out proscribed behavior pretty clearly. Now, to the bad:

• It doesn't say how the policy was formulated and under what authority. Were students involved? Did the university senate give approval? Was there a committee? As far as we can tell from the policy itself, it could be the work of one person without any input from the university community.
• The policy contradicts itself on privacy. It tries to use magic words to make federal law and constitutional requirements disappear. It says: "Students have no expectation of privacy when utilizing university computing resources, even if the use is for personal purposes." The policy for staff says the same thing: "Employees have no expectation of privacy ..." but a few lines before that it correctly acknowledges that "[...] Federal and State statutes protect the privacy of much of the information available on University computer systems." As a general rules, a policy should not contradict itself. (I wonder if researchers are really prohibited from storing human subject and other sensitive data on these computers?) [Editorial note: Federal laws concerning research on human subjects requires that data about such studies be stored securely, with a number of explicit security requirements. If Clemson faculty have no expectation of privacy when using Clemson computers, Clemson is breaking those laws if it conducts any research on human subjects (which it does) and stores the data on Clemson machines.]
• Finally, the policy conflates invading-policy-because-of-an-emergency and invading-it-to-gather-evidence-of-wrong-doing. Any public university and any university that respects academic freedom should distinguish these cases. Here is how the Joint Statement puts it:
  
  "Except under extreme emergency circumstances, premises occupied by students and the personal possessions of students should not be searched unless appropriate authorization has been obtained. For premises such as residence halls controlled by the institution, an appropriate and responsible authority should be designated to whom application should be made before a search is conducted. The application should specify the reasons for he search and the objects or information sought. The student should be present, if possible, during the search. For premises not controlled by the institution, the ordinary requirements for lawful search should be followed."

Finding Balance? (Score:5, Informative)
by PapaZit on 02-14-01 03:59 PM EST (#161)

Here's a shot from "the other side."

I work in Computing Services for a tech-oriented private university. Our usage policies aren't as bad as some, but they definitely give us broad priviledges. We've been through many, many proposed revisions that keep being killed by some combination of faculty, staff or lawyers. The basic problems:

There doesn't seem to be a concise legal way to say "Don't be an asshole and don't break the law," which is all we really want.

It's occasionally necessary for staff to look at private information for technical reasons (reconstructing mail spool after disk crashed, making sure the nifty new backup program actually worked, etc.). We have a huge infrastructure, and if we had to stop and check every time we might accidentally see something, we'd never get anything done unless we made our staff size much larger. We don't have the budget to do that.

Occasionally, the sysadmins will find something really bad during the course of routine work. "Spending a long time in federal prison" kind of bad. We try to keep these sort of events quiet to avoid publicity for the user in case it's not their fault (someone cracked their account, etc). We don't want our users on the evening news, but this'll happen with most "notify lots of people before doing anything" plans.

There are two opposing viewpoints that are both vocal in our community. One says "privacy over all" while the other says "learning and sharing over all". We have quite a few people who make their home directories publicly readable as a sort of protest against the "privacy freaks" (their words). Finding a policy that makes both happy is very difficult.

In light of these constraints (financial and social), how do we give more rights to our users without seriously impeding our ability to do our jobs?

First, I commend you for taking your professional responsibilities seriously. As you know, incidental and emergency exposure of information is a fact of life. Your computers likely contain everything from medical information, to love letters, to evidence of criminal activity. After much debate at the U. of Illinois, with input from all of campus, the University adopted a policy that says in part:

"Network and system administrators are expected to treat the contents of electronic files as private and confidential. Any inspection of electronic files, and any action based upon such inspection, will be governed by all applicable U. S. and Illinois laws and by University policies."

Other schools also respect the privacy of email and files. You can see examples here. For some general tips on making good policy, look here.


I am violating my school's policy by posting this. (Score:4, Interesting)
by SkyIce (dangelo(a)ntplx.net) on 02-14-01 03:47 PM EST (#144)

Take a look at my school's AUP at http://www.exeter.edu/publications/ebook/datavoice video.html . Some interesting quotes:

"No pseudonymous or anonymous messages may be sent. Students should be careful not to give out personal information over the Internet."

"Accessing the accounts and files of others is prohibited."

"Students may be held accountable for their actions while off-campus and thus for messages posted from off-campus accounts."

Academy network resources, including all telephone and data lines, are the property of the Academy. The Academy will, to the extent possible, respect privacy of all account holders on the network. However, the Academy is responsible for investigating possible violations of and enforcing all Academy rules governing the network. Academy network users should, therefore, keep in mind that the Academy reserves the right to access any information stored or transmitted over the network.

But nowhere in it does it mention the search of a personal computer. Somehow, last week, on mere suspicion, my and three other kids' computers were seized and held for a few days while the network administrator attempted to track down the source of network troubles. He ultimately failed, but in the process noticed that I was using a different IP address and hostname other than the one I had been assigned. The case was sent to the discipline committee under "Theft of IP address" and I am now on probation for eight weeks. My dorm room's port was activated "with restrictions" yesterday, and they now want me to e-mail them a list of every program I want to download so that they can verify it. Was this even legal? What can I do to stop something like this from happening in the future?

As a student in a private high school that likely doesn't take any government money, you have few legal protections. As long as they follow their own rules, they can do almost anything they want. Sorry.

Again, I strongly encourage you to read the student code and computer policies of any colleges you are looking at. You'll find critiques of several dozen policies Computers and Academic Freedom Policy Archive. (Hopefully, most of the bad policies in the archive have since been improved.)


Colleges vs Corporations (Score:3, Interesting)
by Chris Brewer (chrisbrewer@paradise.net.nzSPAMBEGONE(TM)) on 02-14-01 02:44 PM EST (#39)

In your opinion, is there any difference between what a student does on the campus network using college owned computers and an employee using the corporate network using the company's computers with regard to who owns the data?

In the U.S., there is a world of difference between employees and students. (I don't know about the law in New Zealand). The work employees do on company equipment generally belongs to the company. Moreover, at work Americans have little privacy protection. (The ACLU has a project on workplace civil liberties.)

Students, on the other hand, are customers of the university, not its agents or employees. Although your grandmother might store a document on AOL's computers, that does not give AOL ownership of the document's copyright. Likewise, while you might research a paper in the University library and store it on a University computer, they gain no ownership rights.


WPI's Acceptible Use Policy (Score:3, Interesting)
by Saint Nobody on 02-14-01 02:50 PM EST (#55)

Personally, i think that WPI has a pretty good AUP, (which is not to say i haven't had problems with netops regarding a few violations, only one of which i was actually responsible for.) it doesn't say that they can read our email personal files and other miscellany, and it requires us not to go poking around.

However, it doesn't say that they can't.

how do you feel about policies like that? It doesn't guarantee our privacy, but it doesn't infringe on it either. Is lack of a guarantee an implicit infringement?

The Joint Statement says that academic freedom "requires" policies that clearly define possible offenses and that are enforced though fair due-process procedures. As you point out, WPI, a private technical institute, leaves a lot unsaid in its computer policy especially about policy enforcement. Are such vague policies OK because we can trust the wisdom of the university staff to do what's right? As much as I respect the professionalism of many computer staff folks, we can't know that the good ones will always be there. To be safe, we must capture some wisdom in policy.

So, what could go wrong? Imagine this nightmare: The WPI computer organization decides to ignore the Institute's regular judicial system with its system of check and balances. The computer org decides to impose punishments on students itself. It guarantees no notice of charges, no hearing, and no appeal procedure.

How likely is this nightmare? IT HAS ALREADY HAPPENED!

Read another WPI policy, the Residential AUP Policy. This policy reminds me of a line from Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland: "No, no," said the Queen: "The sentence first -- the verdict afterwards." Except they don't even bother with the verdict.


Is it because of lawyers? (Score:3, Interesting)
by Wariac on 02-14-01 03:06 PM EST (#83)

Do you think that Schools do this in practice, or is this just a CYA (cover your ass) scenario in case a student does something stupid/illegal. It seems to me in this lawsuit-happy world full of sleazy lawyers that this could be the only way that Schools (or anyone) can avoid being sued into bankruptcy.

In a nutshell, Do the schools implement these policies on thier own accord, or are they usualy done at the request of thier insurer?

Because students are customers of a school and not employees/agents schools generally aren't responsible for their actions. So, if it's not insurers who ask for bad policies where to they come from? It often works like this:

• A student does something obnoxious, but not against any written rules.
• The student is investigated and punished.
• The department that punished the student creates very broad and very vague rules to justify, after the fact, the procedure and punishment already imposed. (For example, see the case of the NCSA.)
• The new policy is run by University legal counsel. Legal counsel checks that it doesn't make any promises or guarantees to students. Counsel doesn't think to check for consistency with other policies or Constitutional requirements.
• Some students, faculty, or staff members finally get to read the policy. Using email, web sites, netnews, newspaper stories, and sometimes even demonstrations on on the Quad/Green, they educate themselves and the University community about legal and academic standards. Everyone starts to see the problems in the first policy.
• A committee is formed of students, faculty, staff, and librarians. They work for a while and create a much better policy.
• The new policy is adopted by the University and replaces the old. (For example, the UIUC privacy policy that grew out of the NCSA policy.)
• Everyone lives happily ever after. (Until the next time a student does something obnoxious but not against any written rules.)

How do you handle bandwidth issues? (Score:2, Interesting)
by Shook (shook@iname.com) on 02-14-01 10:34 PM EST (#261)

I go to a fairly devout Christian U., that has very aggressive censor ware against sex, porn, illegal activities, but that isn't the focus of my question. Unlike many schools, my U. did nothing to block Napster use, and I always found this a little surprising.

When we came back from X-Mas break, Napster was blocked. People moaned and groaned, but it turns out it wasn't even our school's call (though they might have had a say in it) Our school gets its access from a state-wide government-run ISP for educational institutions, and the ISP decided to block Napster, Gnutella, and probably others.

Rather than copyright issues, they cited bandwidth problems. Although, I miss my Napster, I find this hard to argue with. (Theoretically) the network is for educaitonal purposes, and my average dorm-connection speed has doubled since Napster was blocked. But this could easily become a slippery slope, what is to keep them from blocking things like FTP, or Real Audio, both of which I have used for research, but can present bandwidth problems.

How would you suggest balancing to need to reserve bandwidth for serious school-related purposes, and still provide a useful Internet service?

Ten years ago, some schools thought it necessary to ban all games from their computers and networks. (Here is a critique of one such policy.) Now the computer game industry is as big as the movie industry. And, just as you can take film classes in college, so you can take computer game classes. This illustrates the wisdom of a tenet of academic freedom: no authority knows everything that will be important in the future. Therefore, every professor and every student should be free to examine and discuss all questions of interest to them. Schools should do their best to accommodate these explorations. Peer-to-peer systems could be the next big thing. It sounds like the students and professors in your state won't be part of it.

Could there ever be a legitimate reason to ban ALL recreational use of the network? Sure, just as I can imagine a college so resource-poor that it banned all recreational reading in the library, I can imagine a college so resource-poor that it banned all recreational network use. But I won't want to attend such a school.

But, how should needs be balanced when resources require it? I advocate following the model of librarians. They are experts at selecting books based on professional standards and respect for intellectual freedom.

In closing, let me list some resources and ask for some possible help:

• American Civil Liberties Union
• Electronic Frontier Foundation, civil liberties group which works to protect privacy, free expression, and access to new media sources.
• The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE), a nonprofit educational foundation devoted to free speech, individual liberty, religious freedom, the rights of conscience, legal equality, due process, and academic freedom on our nation's campuses.
• Peacefire, a nonprofit organization representing the interests of people under 18 in the debate over freedom of speech on the Internet. Peacefire focuses mostly on censorware (Internet content filtering software) in libraries and schools.
• Student Press Law Center, a nonprofit organization provides legal advice to media students and educators on issues related to freedom of the press. Includes advice and news.
• American Association of University Professors, focuses on issues of academic freedom and tenure and campus governance by faculty. Details its programs and policies.
• American Library Association - Office for Intellectual Freedom

Finally, if you go to the Computers and Academic Freedom Archive, my web site, you'll notice it has not been updated for a while. With a job, a family, and new interests, I haven't given the site and issue the attention it deserves. I'd love to get ideas and/or proposals from folks on how to get the Computers and Academic Freedom Project restarted. Thanks.

Carl Kadie
kadie@eff.org
p.s. I'll be on vacation from the 4th to the 11th.

Carl Kadie has returned his responses to our interview questions. He covers a wide array of topics regarding computers and academic freedom - my guess is that this interview will answer about 5% of all questions submitted to Ask Slashdot. :)

With Power comes responsibility... (Score:5, Interesting)
by Zachary DeAquila on 02-14-01 02:41 PM EST (#28)

What responsibilities do universiies incur when they have such overbroad AUPs and reserve such powers for themselves? What if, in their browsing through my data, they delete or destroy important information (thesis data or papers or somesuch)? Are they liable for it? What if they 'leak' damaging data either unknowingly or through misunderstanding? Can they be held responsible?

I'm afraid that I know the answers to all these questions and am even more afraid of those answers. So what can be done about it beyond the standard SSH and PGP rhetoric ? Is there a way to make them take responsibility for these actions, preferably a heavy enough responsibility to discourage them from wanting to take these actions in the first place?

Let me start with disclaimers. I'm not a lawyer. The legal matters I discuss are merely my understanding of the law, not real legal advice. Also, I speak for myself, not for the Electronic Frontier Foundation or my employer. For more on these issues look at the Computers and Academic Freedom Archive.

As a practical matter, no rule, regulation, or liability could ever compensate you for something like lost thesis data. Hopefully, the terror you feel just thinking about losing something irreplaceable will motivate you to make multiple backups.

For privacy, however, federal law does offer some protections. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act applies to any U.S. school, even high schools, both public and private, that accepts federal money. This is the law that stops schools from announcing your social security number and grades to the world. Schools that disclose personally identifiable information, beyond directory information, can lose their federal funding. Schools generally take this law very seriously. The only common problem is school staff who need to be educated about the law.

Another useful law is the Electronic Communications Privacy Act. This is the law that stops AOL from disclosing your grandma's email. It can also be reasonably interpreted as stopping universities from disclosing student email. It may also protect staff email.

Finally, public universities have obligations beyond federal law. As a government institution, they are bound by the federal constitution and their state constitution. A U.S. government task force says that [Email] monitoring [of government employees] of actual communications and communicators may impinge on the Constitutional rights of freedom of speech (1st Amendment), against unreasonable search and seizure (4th Amendment), and against self-incrimination (5th amendment), as well as on the right to privacy, specifically as set forth in both the Privacy Act and the ECPA. Students are presumably protected at least as much.


University policy (Score:5, Interesting)
by Pacer on 02-14-01 02:43 PM EST (#31)

I lived for two years in University residence and, frankly, my college didn't seem to have much respect for the privacy of students in any regard: all mail came through University-owned mailboxes, and packages had to be picked up at the dormitory desk, staffed by hall RAs -- students with a significant disciplinary function. All telephone service went through the university switchboard. Your room could be searched, by university staff or by police, without your permission and without any sort of warrant. Most tenant rights were violated (for instance, eviction with two weeks' notice any time of year), and now the university informs students' parents of on-campus alcohol or disciplinary violations (these are adults whose academic transcripts cannot be released to parents without a signed waiver).

It is not any surprise to me that fascist user agreements are in place concerning electronic media in light of the general control-oriented attitude of many universities towards their on-campus student populations. Perhaps the problem runs deeper than simple technophobia?

I'm optimistic about the trend. I once looked up the student regulations for my school from 1904 to present. (I've since graduated). Students were once literally treated as children. Now the policies generally respect students as scholars with academic freedom. Academic freedom (which includes freedom of expression, privacy, and due process) for students is guaranteed in the student code of many schools. It is advocated by dozen of important academic organizations. I believe academic freedom principles can be straight forwardly applied to computers and networks. For example, here is what our Draft Statement on Computers and Academic Freedom says about privacy:

"Privacy Principle: Personal files on university's computers (for example, files in a user's home directory) should have the same privacy protection as personal files in university-assigned space in an office, lab, or dormitory (for example, files in a graduate student's desk). Private communications via computer should have the same protections as private communications via telephone."

So, all is wonderful everywhere except for a few aberrations that your free ACLU lawyer can quickly take care of, right? Sadly, no. The struggle for civil liberties and academic freedom never ends. As you suggest, some in authority will always try to assert more and more control. They may never have heard the idea that students should have academic freedom. They may not realize public universities in the U.S. are constrained by the U.S. constitution. They may erroneously believe that federal law doesn't apply if you make students sign a waiver.

So what can you do? Organize and fight! It won't be easy. You'll never win completely. But, you'll likely find friends and allies everywhere from student to faculty to staff. You may find your most important allies among the computer services staff. Many computer staff folks see themselves as true professionals with a professional responsibility to what's morally and legally right, not just what the boss thinks is expedient.

If you are in high school looking at colleges, please read their student code and computer rules before you decide. This will be part of your contract with the university. If you decide not to attend a school because of bad policies, tell them and tell the world.


Linux acceptability (Score:5, Interesting)
by dwbryson on 02-14-01 02:45 PM EST (#42)

Carl- I have fought a battle at my college over Linux being on the network. I told the UTS( Univeristy Technology Services ) that I was a big advocate of Linux and was starting up a Linux User Group on campus. But first I wanted their approval. They swiftly told me that, "You can absolutly not encourage the use of Linux on OUR network, and you should be lucky that we don't ban it on campus." I was completely uphauled by this, and so promptly turned around and tried to get as many people interested as I could in Linux. And eventually started my own LUG. Do they have a right to tell me what OS I can use on their network? They of course support windows, and allow Mac's, but flat out tell me I can't have linux on their network. Do you have any suggestions on what rights I as a user have?

Let me break this into two questions. First, can a university department ban clubs or speech because it doesn't like what they advocate? Generally not. At most schools, the student code protects freedom of speech. At public universities, student speech is also protected by the 1^st amendment. To take one example, the U. of Illinois has student organizations ranging from the International Socialists to the College Republicans. Linux really shouldn't be a problem.

Second, can a University Technology Services group ban a program/OS from the Network? The difficulty is that while it might be legitimate to ban, say, a packet sniffer, it shouldn't be legitimate to stop Scientology students who want to filter their own Internet access on their own PC. How do we distinguish these cases? Legally, at state schools you could try to make a 1^st amendment argument. You could also use freedom of information requests (if applicable) to see if a rule was made for legitimate reasons. These legal battles, however, would be expensive and uncertain.

More effective than a legal approach is a good policy approach. How is good policy made? By getting everyone (students, faculty, and staff) involved in making decisions. And, if that doesn't work, by protesting and publicizing bad decisions. Here is what the Joint Statement on Rights and Freedoms of Students says about students and policy making:

"As constituents of the academic community, students should be free, individually and collectively, to express their views on issues of institutional policy and on matters of general interest to the student body. The student body should have clearly defined means to participate in the formulation and application of institutional policy affecting academic and student affairs. The role of the student government and both its general and specific responsibilities should be made explicit, and the actions of the student government within the areas of its jurisdiction should be reviewed only through orderly and prescribed procedures."

Legal Recourse? (Score:5, Interesting)
by CU-Ballistic (rogersj@SPAMSUCKSclemson.edu) on 02-14-01 02:46 PM EST (#45)

I attend a rather well-known University in the South. Of course, they have the requisite "we own you and your data" policy. They state in very explicit terms that they have the right, at any time, to search and confiscate my computer, hard drives, and other media. They say that they also have the right to monitor network traffic, and disable any account which is exhibiting "unusual or excessive" activity. This all seems incredibly arbitrary to me, and worries me very much. My question to you is: Do I have any legal recourse? My main quarrel is that as a first-year student, I am forced to live on campus, and many classes require work to be submitted electronically. Since I am unable to "opt-out" of their heavy-handed policy, do I have any legal recourse if I were to encounter a search-and-seizure situation with the Administration here?

I think I found policy in question. It has both good points and bad points. The good is that it provides for due process via the university's regular channels. Also, it lays out proscribed behavior pretty clearly. Now, to the bad:

• It doesn't say how the policy was formulated and under what authority. Were students involved? Did the university senate give approval? Was there a committee? As far as we can tell from the policy itself, it could be the work of one person without any input from the university community.
• The policy contradicts itself on privacy. It tries to use magic words to make federal law and constitutional requirements disappear. It says: "Students have no expectation of privacy when utilizing university computing resources, even if the use is for personal purposes." The policy for staff says the same thing: "Employees have no expectation of privacy ..." but a few lines before that it correctly acknowledges that "[...] Federal and State statutes protect the privacy of much of the information available on University computer systems." As a general rules, a policy should not contradict itself. (I wonder if researchers are really prohibited from storing human subject and other sensitive data on these computers?) [Editorial note: Federal laws concerning research on human subjects requires that data about such studies be stored securely, with a number of explicit security requirements. If Clemson faculty have no expectation of privacy when using Clemson computers, Clemson is breaking those laws if it conducts any research on human subjects (which it does) and stores the data on Clemson machines.]
• Finally, the policy conflates invading-policy-because-of-an-emergency and invading-it-to-gather-evidence-of-wrong-doing. Any public university and any university that respects academic freedom should distinguish these cases. Here is how the Joint Statement puts it:
  
  "Except under extreme emergency circumstances, premises occupied by students and the personal possessions of students should not be searched unless appropriate authorization has been obtained. For premises such as residence halls controlled by the institution, an appropriate and responsible authority should be designated to whom application should be made before a search is conducted. The application should specify the reasons for he search and the objects or information sought. The student should be present, if possible, during the search. For premises not controlled by the institution, the ordinary requirements for lawful search should be followed."

Finding Balance? (Score:5, Informative)
by PapaZit on 02-14-01 03:59 PM EST (#161)

Here's a shot from "the other side."

I work in Computing Services for a tech-oriented private university. Our usage policies aren't as bad as some, but they definitely give us broad priviledges. We've been through many, many proposed revisions that keep being killed by some combination of faculty, staff or lawyers. The basic problems:

There doesn't seem to be a concise legal way to say "Don't be an asshole and don't break the law," which is all we really want.

It's occasionally necessary for staff to look at private information for technical reasons (reconstructing mail spool after disk crashed, making sure the nifty new backup program actually worked, etc.). We have a huge infrastructure, and if we had to stop and check every time we might accidentally see something, we'd never get anything done unless we made our staff size much larger. We don't have the budget to do that.

Occasionally, the sysadmins will find something really bad during the course of routine work. "Spending a long time in federal prison" kind of bad. We try to keep these sort of events quiet to avoid publicity for the user in case it's not their fault (someone cracked their account, etc). We don't want our users on the evening news, but this'll happen with most "notify lots of people before doing anything" plans.

There are two opposing viewpoints that are both vocal in our community. One says "privacy over all" while the other says "learning and sharing over all". We have quite a few people who make their home directories publicly readable as a sort of protest against the "privacy freaks" (their words). Finding a policy that makes both happy is very difficult.

In light of these constraints (financial and social), how do we give more rights to our users without seriously impeding our ability to do our jobs?

First, I commend you for taking your professional responsibilities seriously. As you know, incidental and emergency exposure of information is a fact of life. Your computers likely contain everything from medical information, to love letters, to evidence of criminal activity. After much debate at the U. of Illinois, with input from all of campus, the University adopted a policy that says in part:

"Network and system administrators are expected to treat the contents of electronic files as private and confidential. Any inspection of electronic files, and any action based upon such inspection, will be governed by all applicable U. S. and Illinois laws and by University policies."

Other schools also respect the privacy of email and files. You can see examples here. For some general tips on making good policy, look here.


I am violating my school's policy by posting this. (Score:4, Interesting)
by SkyIce (dangelo(a)ntplx.net) on 02-14-01 03:47 PM EST (#144)

Take a look at my school's AUP at http://www.exeter.edu/publications/ebook/datavoice video.html . Some interesting quotes:

"No pseudonymous or anonymous messages may be sent. Students should be careful not to give out personal information over the Internet."

"Accessing the accounts and files of others is prohibited."

"Students may be held accountable for their actions while off-campus and thus for messages posted from off-campus accounts."

Academy network resources, including all telephone and data lines, are the property of the Academy. The Academy will, to the extent possible, respect privacy of all account holders on the network. However, the Academy is responsible for investigating possible violations of and enforcing all Academy rules governing the network. Academy network users should, therefore, keep in mind that the Academy reserves the right to access any information stored or transmitted over the network.

But nowhere in it does it mention the search of a personal computer. Somehow, last week, on mere suspicion, my and three other kids' computers were seized and held for a few days while the network administrator attempted to track down the source of network troubles. He ultimately failed, but in the process noticed that I was using a different IP address and hostname other than the one I had been assigned. The case was sent to the discipline committee under "Theft of IP address" and I am now on probation for eight weeks. My dorm room's port was activated "with restrictions" yesterday, and they now want me to e-mail them a list of every program I want to download so that they can verify it. Was this even legal? What can I do to stop something like this from happening in the future?

As a student in a private high school that likely doesn't take any government money, you have few legal protections. As long as they follow their own rules, they can do almost anything they want. Sorry.

Again, I strongly encourage you to read the student code and computer policies of any colleges you are looking at. You'll find critiques of several dozen policies Computers and Academic Freedom Policy Archive. (Hopefully, most of the bad policies in the archive have since been improved.)


Colleges vs Corporations (Score:3, Interesting)
by Chris Brewer (chrisbrewer@paradise.net.nzSPAMBEGONE(TM)) on 02-14-01 02:44 PM EST (#39)

In your opinion, is there any difference between what a student does on the campus network using college owned computers and an employee using the corporate network using the company's computers with regard to who owns the data?

In the U.S., there is a world of difference between employees and students. (I don't know about the law in New Zealand). The work employees do on company equipment generally belongs to the company. Moreover, at work Americans have little privacy protection. (The ACLU has a project on workplace civil liberties.)

Students, on the other hand, are customers of the university, not its agents or employees. Although your grandmother might store a document on AOL's computers, that does not give AOL ownership of the document's copyright. Likewise, while you might research a paper in the University library and store it on a University computer, they gain no ownership rights.


WPI's Acceptible Use Policy (Score:3, Interesting)
by Saint Nobody on 02-14-01 02:50 PM EST (#55)

Personally, i think that WPI has a pretty good AUP, (which is not to say i haven't had problems with netops regarding a few violations, only one of which i was actually responsible for.) it doesn't say that they can read our email personal files and other miscellany, and it requires us not to go poking around.

However, it doesn't say that they can't.

how do you feel about policies like that? It doesn't guarantee our privacy, but it doesn't infringe on it either. Is lack of a guarantee an implicit infringement?

The Joint Statement says that academic freedom "requires" policies that clearly define possible offenses and that are enforced though fair due-process procedures. As you point out, WPI, a private technical institute, leaves a lot unsaid in its computer policy especially about policy enforcement. Are such vague policies OK because we can trust the wisdom of the university staff to do what's right? As much as I respect the professionalism of many computer staff folks, we can't know that the good ones will always be there. To be safe, we must capture some wisdom in policy.

So, what could go wrong? Imagine this nightmare: The WPI computer organization decides to ignore the Institute's regular judicial system with its system of check and balances. The computer org decides to impose punishments on students itself. It guarantees no notice of charges, no hearing, and no appeal procedure.

How likely is this nightmare? IT HAS ALREADY HAPPENED!

Read another WPI policy, the Residential AUP Policy. This policy reminds me of a line from Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland: "No, no," said the Queen: "The sentence first -- the verdict afterwards." Except they don't even bother with the verdict.


Is it because of lawyers? (Score:3, Interesting)
by Wariac on 02-14-01 03:06 PM EST (#83)

Do you think that Schools do this in practice, or is this just a CYA (cover your ass) scenario in case a student does something stupid/illegal. It seems to me in this lawsuit-happy world full of sleazy lawyers that this could be the only way that Schools (or anyone) can avoid being sued into bankruptcy.

In a nutshell, Do the schools implement these policies on thier own accord, or are they usualy done at the request of thier insurer?

Because students are customers of a school and not employees/agents schools generally aren't responsible for their actions. So, if it's not insurers who ask for bad policies where to they come from? It often works like this:

• A student does something obnoxious, but not against any written rules.
• The student is investigated and punished.
• The department that punished the student creates very broad and very vague rules to justify, after the fact, the procedure and punishment already imposed. (For example, see the case of the NCSA.)
• The new policy is run by University legal counsel. Legal counsel checks that it doesn't make any promises or guarantees to students. Counsel doesn't think to check for consistency with other policies or Constitutional requirements.
• Some students, faculty, or staff members finally get to read the policy. Using email, web sites, netnews, newspaper stories, and sometimes even demonstrations on on the Quad/Green, they educate themselves and the University community about legal and academic standards. Everyone starts to see the problems in the first policy.
• A committee is formed of students, faculty, staff, and librarians. They work for a while and create a much better policy.
• The new policy is adopted by the University and replaces the old. (For example, the UIUC privacy policy that grew out of the NCSA policy.)
• Everyone lives happily ever after. (Until the next time a student does something obnoxious but not against any written rules.)

How do you handle bandwidth issues? (Score:2, Interesting)
by Shook (shook@iname.com) on 02-14-01 10:34 PM EST (#261)

I go to a fairly devout Christian U., that has very aggressive censor ware against sex, porn, illegal activities, but that isn't the focus of my question. Unlike many schools, my U. did nothing to block Napster use, and I always found this a little surprising.

When we came back from X-Mas break, Napster was blocked. People moaned and groaned, but it turns out it wasn't even our school's call (though they might have had a say in it) Our school gets its access from a state-wide government-run ISP for educational institutions, and the ISP decided to block Napster, Gnutella, and probably others.

Rather than copyright issues, they cited bandwidth problems. Although, I miss my Napster, I find this hard to argue with. (Theoretically) the network is for educaitonal purposes, and my average dorm-connection speed has doubled since Napster was blocked. But this could easily become a slippery slope, what is to keep them from blocking things like FTP, or Real Audio, both of which I have used for research, but can present bandwidth problems.

How would you suggest balancing to need to reserve bandwidth for serious school-related purposes, and still provide a useful Internet service?

Ten years ago, some schools thought it necessary to ban all games from their computers and networks. (Here is a critique of one such policy.) Now the computer game industry is as big as the movie industry. And, just as you can take film classes in college, so you can take computer game classes. This illustrates the wisdom of a tenet of academic freedom: no authority knows everything that will be important in the future. Therefore, every professor and every student should be free to examine and discuss all questions of interest to them. Schools should do their best to accommodate these explorations. Peer-to-peer systems could be the next big thing. It sounds like the students and professors in your state won't be part of it.

Could there ever be a legitimate reason to ban ALL recreational use of the network? Sure, just as I can imagine a college so resource-poor that it banned all recreational reading in the library, I can imagine a college so resource-poor that it banned all recreational network use. But I won't want to attend such a school.

But, how should needs be balanced when resources require it? I advocate following the model of librarians. They are experts at selecting books based on professional standards and respect for intellectual freedom.

In closing, let me list some resources and ask for some possible help:

• American Civil Liberties Union
• Electronic Frontier Foundation, civil liberties group which works to protect privacy, free expression, and access to new media sources.
• The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE), a nonprofit educational foundation devoted to free speech, individual liberty, religious freedom, the rights of conscience, legal equality, due process, and academic freedom on our nation's campuses.
• Peacefire, a nonprofit organization representing the interests of people under 18 in the debate over freedom of speech on the Internet. Peacefire focuses mostly on censorware (Internet content filtering software) in libraries and schools.
• Student Press Law Center, a nonprofit organization provides legal advice to media students and educators on issues related to freedom of the press. Includes advice and news.
• American Association of University Professors, focuses on issues of academic freedom and tenure and campus governance by faculty. Details its programs and policies.
• American Library Association - Office for Intellectual Freedom

Finally, if you go to the Computers and Academic Freedom Archive, my web site, you'll notice it has not been updated for a while. With a job, a family, and new interests, I haven't given the site and issue the attention it deserves. I'd love to get ideas and/or proposals from folks on how to get the Computers and Academic Freedom Project restarted. Thanks.

Carl Kadie
kadie@eff.org
p.s. I'll be on vacation from the 4th to the 11th.

titus-g writes "Well what with this being the 11th year and all, and getting to the right season for those of us in the N hemisphere to enjoy some nice nights outs getting hypothermia, how about building your own automatic aurora detector? Details are available at http://angwin.ece.uiuc.edu/~haunma/ I would link direct to the detector page but the waterfall pics are quite nice (details and links are near the bottom in the projects section)." Well, for those of us who are frightened by waterfalls, here is the Aurora Monitor Project, "[a]n automatic notification system designed to help you observe the northern or southern lights."

titus-g writes "Well what with this being the 11th year and all, and getting to the right season for those of us in the N hemisphere to enjoy some nice nights outs getting hypothermia, how about building your own automatic aurora detector? Details are available at http://angwin.ece.uiuc.edu/~haunma/ I would link direct to the detector page but the waterfall pics are quite nice (details and links are near the bottom in the projects section)." Well, for those of us who are frightened by waterfalls, here is the Aurora Monitor Project, "[a]n automatic notification system designed to help you observe the northern or southern lights."

Marianne Winslett asks: "I'm looking for prior art to help squash a US patent that I think should never have been granted. In particular, I am looking for applications with a relational database back end, X-windows user interface, and application code somewhere in between. Think of it as an example of a 3-tier architecture, with a very thin client and a remote relational database back end. The application must have been released by the end of 1991." The patent in question was not revealed by the submittor on advice from legal counsel. Anyone know of any application that might satisfy these requirements?

"For any such application, I need to know

1. Its name,
2. Where or by whom it was created,
3. A brief description of its functionality,
4. Its release date in the US (pre-1992),
5. Ideally a pointer to one or more pieces of evidence documenting the three previous points, such as a manual, release notes, internal or external mail, press releases, etc. (either electronic or on paper), and
6. Contact information for a person or persons who would be willing to swear under oath that the software had been released by the given date and that the evidence documenting its existence (if any) is what it appears to be.

The lawyers have asked me not to say which patent this lawsuit is about, but by the nature of the prior art that I'm looking for you can tell that it affects just about everyone and really should not have been granted. I figure that there must have been hundreds of such systems out there in 1991; because time is very short, I hope that the community can help me find them.

Marianne Winslett
Professor, Computer Science, University of Illinois at U-C
http://drl.cs.uiuc.edu"

Marianne Winslett asks: "I'm looking for prior art to help squash a US patent that I think should never have been granted. In particular, I am looking for applications with a relational database back end, X-windows user interface, and application code somewhere in between. Think of it as an example of a 3-tier architecture, with a very thin client and a remote relational database back end. The application must have been released by the end of 1991." The patent in question was not revealed by the submittor on advice from legal counsel. Anyone know of any application that might satisfy these requirements?

"For any such application, I need to know

1. Its name,
2. Where or by whom it was created,
3. A brief description of its functionality,
4. Its release date in the US (pre-1992),
5. Ideally a pointer to one or more pieces of evidence documenting the three previous points, such as a manual, release notes, internal or external mail, press releases, etc. (either electronic or on paper), and
6. Contact information for a person or persons who would be willing to swear under oath that the software had been released by the given date and that the evidence documenting its existence (if any) is what it appears to be.

The lawyers have asked me not to say which patent this lawsuit is about, but by the nature of the prior art that I'm looking for you can tell that it affects just about everyone and really should not have been granted. I figure that there must have been hundreds of such systems out there in 1991; because time is very short, I hope that the community can help me find them.

Marianne Winslett
Professor, Computer Science, University of Illinois at U-C
http://drl.cs.uiuc.edu"

Alien54 writes: "As reported here in the Science Daily News, chemists Kenneth Suslick and Neal Rakow at the University of Illinois have developed an artificial nose that is simple, fast and inexpensive - and works by visualizing odors. Called "smell-seeing" by its inventors, the technique is based on color changes that occur in an array of vapor-sensitive dyes known as metalloporphyrins - doughnut-shaped molecules that bind metal atoms. Metalloporphyrins are closely related to hemoglobin (the red pigment in blood) and chlorophyll (the green pigment in plants) Smell-seeing arrays have many potential uses, such as in the food and beverage industry to detect the presence of flavorings, additives or spoilage; in the perfume industry to identify counterfeit products; at customs checkpoints to detect banned plant materials, fruits and vegetables; and in the chemical workplace to detect and monitor poisons or toxins. The full text is available as a PDF file (but is recommended for chemistry geeks only)."

Add that to the machines that analyze the "aura" of heated air that surrounds our bodies, and you can get a stinkometer the likes of which has been heretofore confined to the dark recesses of deodorant company imaginations. Till then, it looks like a cool approach to the problem of identifying smells electronically for all kinds of other purposes.

Alien54 writes: "As reported here in the Science Daily News, chemists Kenneth Suslick and Neal Rakow at the University of Illinois have developed an artificial nose that is simple, fast and inexpensive - and works by visualizing odors. Called "smell-seeing" by its inventors, the technique is based on color changes that occur in an array of vapor-sensitive dyes known as metalloporphyrins - doughnut-shaped molecules that bind metal atoms. Metalloporphyrins are closely related to hemoglobin (the red pigment in blood) and chlorophyll (the green pigment in plants) Smell-seeing arrays have many potential uses, such as in the food and beverage industry to detect the presence of flavorings, additives or spoilage; in the perfume industry to identify counterfeit products; at customs checkpoints to detect banned plant materials, fruits and vegetables; and in the chemical workplace to detect and monitor poisons or toxins. The full text is available as a PDF file (but is recommended for chemistry geeks only)."

Add that to the machines that analyze the "aura" of heated air that surrounds our bodies, and you can get a stinkometer the likes of which has been heretofore confined to the dark recesses of deodorant company imaginations. Till then, it looks like a cool approach to the problem of identifying smells electronically for all kinds of other purposes.

Alien54 writes: "As reported here in the Science Daily News, chemists Kenneth Suslick and Neal Rakow at the University of Illinois have developed an artificial nose that is simple, fast and inexpensive - and works by visualizing odors. Called "smell-seeing" by its inventors, the technique is based on color changes that occur in an array of vapor-sensitive dyes known as metalloporphyrins - doughnut-shaped molecules that bind metal atoms. Metalloporphyrins are closely related to hemoglobin (the red pigment in blood) and chlorophyll (the green pigment in plants) Smell-seeing arrays have many potential uses, such as in the food and beverage industry to detect the presence of flavorings, additives or spoilage; in the perfume industry to identify counterfeit products; at customs checkpoints to detect banned plant materials, fruits and vegetables; and in the chemical workplace to detect and monitor poisons or toxins. The full text is available as a PDF file (but is recommended for chemistry geeks only)."

Add that to the machines that analyze the "aura" of heated air that surrounds our bodies, and you can get a stinkometer the likes of which has been heretofore confined to the dark recesses of deodorant company imaginations. Till then, it looks like a cool approach to the problem of identifying smells electronically for all kinds of other purposes.