BBC on Website Slow Downs
HiveMaster writes "The BBC is carrying a report about the impact on websites as people try to get news regarding the war in Iraq. It talks of a report from Keynote Systems, which tests the reponsiveness of websites, which shows that the BBC news site has shown a fourfold increase in response times. However, Government sites in both the US and the UK are being hit, with the US Army site taking over 80 seconds to load at peak times." Also, here is a press release this. You can also read My journal where I've talked quite a bit about what Slashdot has done in preperation for traffic bursts.
God bless the Internet!
so if Taco posts a link to his own journal in the article header, can he /. /.???
Stop by my site where I write about ERP systems & more
Shameless plug for your journal to get us to read it? ;)
SuDZ
Reminds me of the crushing traffic of 9/11/01.
John Kerry is a Joke!
since you just slashdot it...
[self dealloc];
Another factor that may be contributing to this is a sudden drop in availability of communications satellites. The Department of Defense has been buying up bandwidth on commercial com satellites for their own use during the war.
Basically, as long as you don't get a bandwith problem, putting a proxy-cache configured for acceleration in front of the website itself is the way to go. In times like this, 95% of the visitors wants the same news. The cache will serve them their data, so that the server itself does not die under the load of having to rethink every individual request.
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They run the whole thing off of a Sun Blade 500MHz with 2GB RAM.
Pretty cool actually.
"Here's a bunch of links to some sites that are really really unresponsive now because of the war. Everyone please go check them out"
There's a joke in there somewhere, for sure.
Looking for hardware (Currently need: Large Etch-a-Sketch) Have one? See my journal!
Thats what happens when you stream live footage. BBC
The BBC is under heavy load. Click here to see how slow their website is loading!
great, talking about web site slow downs, and then we go slashdot them!
Where is the term "Slashdot effect" in this article?
Worst. Sig. Ever.
So the BBC and other news sites are being hammered by millions of web viewers, so what do we do? Slashdot em!! Hehehe
I was just enjoying the fact that the BBC news site was running suitably fast.. and then it got posted to Slashdot!!
"Hey! Unless this is a nude love-in, get the hell off my property!!"
This might be good news for those who wish to take up the slack. The whole internet shouldn't be about several large web sites.
Let's see. Loading the news.bbc.co.uk from Western Canada, right... now!
:)
10 seconds to render the whole page. OK, that's been significantly faster than I've been experiencing the last few days, It's been about 30-40 seconds in some instances in the past several days.
Do try the low graphics version of the BBC, it loads almost instantly, and you can click on "Low Graphics" version while the rest of the page is trying to load.
CNN does seem significantly better than years ago during major events. They must have tackling the planetary event slashdot effect thing down. But then again, I voted "Any non-us venue" on the poll..
In other news, the BBC's website slows down as Slashdot, news for nerds, reports on the BBC reporting about website slow downs...
If the US government were to provide resources and capacity for crucial websites at times of need, it could also indirectly influence what they say. A win/win situation.
You BASTARDS!
They think it's the war that is causing so many hits but we know that the web site was mentioned on /. and that alone is enough to bring most sites to their knees!
The race isn't always to the swift... but that's the way to bet!
http://www.gulufuture.com/news/kate_adie030310.htm
As opposed to you, who's obviously fair and balanced...
ISTR that the NYT websute switched to a very graphics-light format in 11 September 2001, in order to cope with the mass traffic. Slashdot is already mostly text, but if necessary it could be lightened a bit. But I imagine the main load is CPU and memory, handling all those database queries and updates, rather than bandwidth; I don't see an easy way of dealing with that short of adding a few more machines. Imagine a... No, I won't :-)
Real Daleks don't climb stairs - they level the building.
I just spent three weeks in Europe, where I learned that the BBC truly is the Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation. I mean, everything wrong in the world was attributed to the prospect of American "aggression" against Iraq.
Now the Internet is slow because of American "agression" against Iraq?!?!!?
Give me a break!
Pat
--
668: Neighbour of the Beast
what do you mean: they are busy from legitimate traffic, or that they are being DOSed?
Is this an attempt to make their troubles even worse? Shameful...
strangely enough, my site about Spacewar (1961 game) on the Altair (1975 computer) got one hit yesterday from usmc.mil.
try { do() || do_not(); } catch (JediException err) { yoda(err); }
According this, the average web page is around 90 Kb. Google is a little over 10 Kb.
If you can read this, thank an english teacher.
the US putting up a "stars and strips" the UK went in first, they went in with you.. and you have the upmost disguting thought that to put up your flag.. you make me sick!
moo
Okay, so you say it's a GOOD thing that little punks throwing a temper tantrum are doing by breaking the law? What a silly, stupid, asinine thing to say. You speak for 96% of all so-called slashdotters. And oh yes, don't look at a website that simply presents the news, instead, go to a flaming leftist, anti-American site like slashdot or cnn. What intelligence.
Its evident that traffic of those Russian online news services that cover Mideast events completely and effectively will be increasing further.
Now that's the kind of quality writing I turn to Pravda for. Rock on, you incoherent alarmist bastards!
I am from a small, grease-loving country in the north called Ca-na-da.
All that bandwidth they don't have to pay for, is being wasted
Iraq's website, www.uruklink.net, has been inaccessible quite often.. during the few occassions it has been online, it has been terribly slow.
i saw something to the same effect scroll across the screen on CNN earlier today. it said something about the targets being US and UK government and buisness sites, can anyone confirm that?
I never said I was smart, I just said I was smarter than you
Future BBC Webmaster 1981:
Girls don't like me because I'm too smart. I'm not gay, damnit!
BBC Webmaster 2003:
You can't get to the site because of the war. I'm not gay, damnit!
Best Windows Freeware
We're already thinking about rolling it back. Lots of complaints about slow machines.
"The cup... the drop... it's a YES!"
(don't check the site, it is WAY biased) now what a hypocritical thing to say...you seem to be trying to post something that's supposed to be unbiased & then throw that in....and then you say it's nice to have people break the law very intelligent of you....
dump these PHP/Perl scripts and just serve html off the disk.
Migration to this superior system is easy: recursively wget your slow site, and host the wgetted directory.
Such are the side effects of outrageously high demand for their news content, I guess.
Some of us choose to have a structure that can handle peak loads in times like this, other choose not to. Of course it costs more money to be able to handle the load, and the hardware will sit idle most of the time. But it is a decision you just need to take. "Do we require that we can display full content at peak times". :)
Many sites have prepared for this pressure in the days before, specially when the 48 hour deadline came, another server or two got into the pool in the loadbalancers.
my sig
"Keynote Systems, which regularly tests the response times of busy websites, said the responsiveness of BBC News Online suffered during the busy lunchtime period with average download times rising from 0.47 seconds to 1.88 seconds."
I had their live video feed going for an hour or so this afternoon. It lost about 12% of the packets. Not bad considering the same thing on CNN wouldn't load. I tried to check out the BBC World broadband live feed, but that requires registering for some sort of free (Real??) 14-day pass. No thanks - I'll just go downstairs and watch it on digital cable instead.
My boss came to me around the 13th asking what were we gonna do on the 17th if we went to war...basically, how are mission critical apps gonna communicate over our school's internet connection if everyone is streaming video of war coverage?
:)
Luckily Shock and Awe started after most of our classes were done for the week and Thurs wasn't that bad. I guess with all the Kazaa traffic, streaming web didn't stand a chance
Can't wait for that packetshaper to get here.
Allah wills the Western infidel Intarnet to be slowed down, as they continue their heathen crusade against the Muslims. Heed His warning before your cities are turned to fire!
"The Slashdot guide to the Slashdot effect"
In smaller print:
Business guide to avoding web slow downs.
Thought I'd keep my typo/spelling mistake for real effect...
StarTux
everything seems to be a can of worms with you mr tacho.
moo
...especially for a large site, consider deploying something like Squid for times like these.
Make it transparent most of the time, but on days like today, cache CNN.com, MSNBC.com, Foxnews.com, whatever. Cuts down on bandwidth utilization both for your company and for the target site.
Apparently Afghanistan has joined the coalition of the willing.
They couldn't offer much in the way of money or troops, but they did offer the use their large stock of broken promises.
My God, what tripe.
It could be worth noting that patriotic != pro-war...
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Actually, it is the only place you would have heard the fact that Dick Cheney is still on the Halliburton payroll. Halliburton owns Brown & Root who won contracts to rebuild Iraqi infrastructure. Absolutely unreported in the States. Meanwhile, back at the ranch, FoxNews had to admit in court that they fabricate stories. Who to trust?
Comparing it to Windows will be a moot point, since El Dorado is going to have a 40% larger code base than XP.
I used to listen to Pete Tong when the OGG feed was available. The best part of the deal is that I can listen to Radio 1's evening programming (when it's better) in the middle of the afternoon here before I go out!
My packet loss hadn't been that bad. 12% over an hour with up to 5 mins between pauses.
Are there any links to something describing Slashdot's architecture? Or something describing how they are able to handle the massive loads that our readership does tend to impose :)?
And how about regarding other web architectures? (PHPNuke, PostNuke, Plone, Zope, Drupal, Tikiwiki, etc.) What has the readership of Slashdot experienced when it comes to creating scalable websites? And are there any suggestions that you may have for designing scalable web sites?
It was caused by the British made vehicles leaking & burning oil.
heh... no worse than the US gas gusling stiff shifters now are they?
and take your head out of your ass.. gun ho Americans.. no your not great! you fly about in our "British" made harriers! best fighter jet ever. so kiss my arse.
moo
Internal Server Error
The server encountered an internal error or misconfiguration and was unable to complete your request.
Please contact the server administrator, pater@slashdot.org and inform them of the time the error occurred, and anything you might have done that may have caused the error.
More information about this error may be available in the server error log.
Apache/1.3.26 Server at slashdot.org Port 80
are watching the BBC video stream. It's much more clear and less "ooooh, shiny tanks!" than the major American newsfeeds. Pulling that stream over the transatlantic channels is always going to be slow.
A friend of mine told me he's only been watching the Naked News since the war started. Apparently reports of massive explosions, hundreds of tanks, and Iraqi citizens partying in the streets just seems to sound so much clearer when reported by nude people. I'll have to try it.
You cannot apply a technological solution to a sociological problem. (Edwards' Law)
I would reference Home Page Usability in which rule #94 is to have an alternate home page for times of emergency. The New York Times had a successful deployment of such a page on 9/11, and seems to be meeting demand now. I wonder how many others agencies have emergency web pages set up that can better meet demand.
"She's a scientist and a lesbian. She's not going to let it slide." Orphan Black
Good to see you guys are handling the traffic well (mostly). Gotten a few 500 Internal Server Errors. Guess you know what being slashdotted is like ;-)
Seriously--great work so far.
inform them of the time the error occurred, and anything you might have done that may have caused the error.
I clicked refresh. ME SO SOWWY!
Nobody equals CNN in spreading tripe...
Slashdot got slashdotted too: Internal Server Error The server encountered an internal error or misconfiguration and was unable to complete your request. Please contact the server administrator, pater@slashdot.org and inform them of the time the error occurred, and anything you might have done that may have caused the error. More information about this error may be available in the server error log. Apache/1.3.26 Server at slashdot.org Port 80
and in other biased news Chicago Tribune Admits Patriotic Rallies Bigger Than Appeasement Protests
Finally a force stronger than the slashdot effect.
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It is pretty easy -- make them non-dynamic, something along the lines of:
<- prev | next ->
Which points to something like "current_article_url&goto=prev" and "current_article_url&goto=next". That would avoid a database call until you actually click the link (it would translate that into the actual previous and next articles and then show the correct one).
Of course, you lose a little bit of the dynamic site aspect but if you *really* can't remember what the next article was you can always keep the main page open in a new browser window/tab and refer back to it.
Thanks,
--
Matt
Slashdot team:
/. stands firm. While the rest of the internet is slowing to a crawl, I can depend on pretty nice response times from you. On Sept 11, /. was one of the only news sites that was actually responding. When I can't get a TV, I'll be checking /. for war coverage. I know a lot of people are complaining that war isn't "News for Nerds", but it most certainly is news and I'm glad /. has stepped up to the call of duty on this one.
I know I'll be unpopular by saying this, but thanks for all the hard work. You guys have a lot of experience handling rediculous loads, so when stuff like this comes around,
There is no reasonable defense against an idiot with an agenda
:wq
why cause it doesn't agree with you? doesn't fit your line of thought?
well here's something else that will piss you off...poll results on Bush
Approval Ratings Support the War 72% President's Approval Overall 67% President's Approval on Iraq 65% U.S. Tried Enough Diplomacy 67% Right for U.S. to Attack Now 62% Link
Fox News...that is the most biased right-winged news company anywhere. I'll watch it just to laugh at the ridiculousness (spelling?, oh the irony).
I also completely support the troops. The have job to do, even if I don't agree with it. They are good people caught in the middle. The war sucks, I just hope it ends quickly with as few as possible victims.
Sean D.
"Hmm. I am to metaphor cheese as metaphor cheese is to transitive verb crackers!"
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/from_our_own_corr espondent/2058253.stm
that is all
The Livestream is really fucked up. But I found a list of Internet-TV stations. But I think there are some other stations.
http://hausundhof.com
Not Found /~CmdrTaco/journal/27736 was not found on this server.
The requested URL
Apache/1.3.22 Server at alterslash.org Port 80
Cunning bastard!
Currently he is also causing the US huge amounts of economic tricking them into launching multimillion dollar cruise missiles into relatively worthless buildings.
And Bush fell for it all. Brilliant strategist, that Saddam!
Some of these crappy "big name" home pages have over 500K of data just to load the single home page! They don't implement proxy controls properly, and use dynamic content like date/time tickers so the damn things can't be cached on my side by Border Manger or other proxys.
I surf with images disabled and it is AMAZING how much faster things load. If I want an image, I'll load it with right-click menu.
Kudos to the BBC for their "low bandwidth" option. Now why can't the low bandwidth version be the DEFAULT with a link to the optional "bandwidth pig and flashy crapola version" of the site.
The concept of the web browser was for the CLIENT to format the content to the CLIENT'S desired presentation as defined by the CLIENT. Nearly everything that has happened in the web since then has violated that basic tenant. Nearly every new "feature" was just another way for the provider to screw up your screen into an unreadable, bandwith wasting mess. How many websites even PRINT normally now without cutting off text or wacked out unreadable formatting? They use tables with fixed-pixel sizes, pictures of words instead of text. Hell, they might as well just post a single giant JPG of the whole page instead of HTML!
More people are streaming live news feeds than normal.
Thus without Hitler's deranged ambitions, the Third Reich might really have lasted a thousand years. Similarly, if Stalin had kept his genocidal ambitions in check, the Soviet Union might have continued to enjoy its initial popularity among sections of the West and at home.
With these examples in mind, the leader has been eliminated as a factor in U.S. politics. George W. Bush's very nullity as a politician throws into relief the fact that the United States has long been governed, not by its people, but by interests that are happy to remain largely anonymous, do not rely on individuals for their hold on power, and are recognizable in public mainly by a soothing corporate blue.
Americans often seem baffled that others fail to admire their system of government. They know after all that in the United States there exists a lively culture of debate, where the whole lunatic spectrum of opinion can find a platform of one kind or another (though at the same time the difference between the political parties it is actually possible to elect is vanishingly small) ...
They have a vibrant and largely unchecked artistic community. They have the First Amendment ...
The reason for all this is that the new totalitarianism has learned a second lesson from its heavy-handed predecessors. If artists and intellectuals were able to do precisely nothing about Hitler or Stalin or any of the legion of tin-pot dictators around the world, it follows that you might as well have freedom of expression.
In the new totalitarian system, people can say whatever they like, and it makes absolutely no difference.
The impending war on Iraq is only one example among many of a supposedly sovereign public completely powerless in the face of a government bent on a course of action ...
The most important lesson to the new totalitarianism, then, comes from ancient Rome, and is simply that people sufficiently supplied with bread and games will put up with anything.
LibBT: BitTorrent for C - small - fast - clean (Now Versio
heh... no worse than the US gas gusling stiff shifters now are they?
1) US cars get better gas mileage than British cars. If the shifters are too stiff for you, I suggest you go to a gym and get some exercise.
2) British automakers had to be bought out by American manufacturers to keep them from going out of business. One example, the quality of Jaguar vehicles, while still very low, improved by an order of magnitude since Ford bought them.
"British" made harriers! best fighter jet ever.
Harriers are pieces of shit.
BTW, "gusling?", "no your not great?", obviously British schools are a joke even compared to the American schools.
Just go back to your mom's basement with your well earned inferiority complex and go keep watching your German paedo scat porn?
The story to me seems the opposite. Web sites are handling this quite well. The BBC is WFM currently. No big slowdown.
More to the point, both NY Times and WashingtonPost.com are serving huge images on their home page. MSNBC, FOXNEWS and CNN also seem to have no problem keeping up with my broadband connection.
And they have been quite responsive.
They are even serving up video and audio.
Seem prepared to me.
So close and yet so far from the world's perfect ID number
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That reminds me. The new RealVideo codecs have been out for awhile, and there is a noticable difference.
Just to be curious, I saved the code from the journal page to look at it. I removed all the duplicate spaces, blank lines and tabs and it shrunk around 900 bytes (28,313 => 27,403 total).
I would imagine that a much longer page (like this one) would reap a larger benefit from a little bit of template clean up. Do you think this would help? do you think it makes sense? I mean, it seems like you could be saving a few k on every page load.
Or does reality not work like that? Wouldn't be the first time today I was way off on some math.
It seems then you are basing your objection's against Bush on the idea that there are no "WMD"'s ?
In that case, if ANY WMD's are found, where should we find your personal "100%" mea culpa?
If you want to see oodles of stats about the BBC's own website, take a gander at http://support.bbc.co.uk/support
:-)
Lots of mrtg graphs, response times, uptimes etc. Even a webcam of the support team
Sorry about the previous post. I learned these when I was like 8 and still can say them pretty good. How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck would chuck wood? A woodchuck would chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood. I thought a thought, but the thought I wasn't the thought I thought. If the thought I thought was the thought I thought, I wouldn't have thought such a thought. They are much harder to type than say.
Understanding is a three-edged sword. -- Kosh Naranek
Radio1 dance music? uggghh, shoot me. BBC 6Music any day of the week...
We host a fair few (60 or so) financial-orientated websites, with an average query-level of some 10-20 queries per second on the database supporting those sites.
:-)
:-( I prefer the idea of hitting a limit in Apache that triggers a script that limits access (dynamic firewalls)
:-)
We have an 8-way cluster of machines to support this (way-overkill for the most part) but recently, we've been (almost) hitting limits... The apache service has logged peaks of 1000 connections/second, with the DB query-level going as high as 70,000/second....
I'm actually fairly happy that the system can more-or-less cope with the load, but nonetheless, I want to make sure (or at least as-sure-as-possible) that we can't be easily DOS'd, so this weekend I'll be writing an Apache module to monitor the number-of-connections-per-second on an IP-by-IP basis, and take a decision to run a script depending on thresholds....
I think stateful firewalls could probably manage it but for historical reasons we're stuck with what we have, and having apache call a bandwidth-limiting script on an IP address that's registered 5000 hits in the last minute (for example) seems reasonable
If there's something that can do this already, I'd like to know - I've found (ntal), but running a script per packet doesn't appeal
Ideas gratefully received
Simon
Physicists get Hadrons!
Well, first off, I don't see the big deal about the BBC's load time going from .47 seconds to 1.88 seconds. It seems to me like they're doing just fine.
I know CNN used akamai for a little while because I remember seing the old ARL's on their images. We use akamai at the company I work for and I can't rave enough about their services. Our site peaked last year at 320mbit per second. It was right around 144GB in one hour. Thanks to akamai, we served that without so much as a hiccup. It was dished out from a cluster of 5 aging solaris boxen.
should that also include weapons banned by the UN that he's not supposed to have?
And about the bised part, where i am, every 30 minutes, a big cross goes on the screen telling us to pray to god for the sake of our solders.
Along with Saddam's countdown to death and the alert-o-meter, I think everyone knows by now that Fox News is a piece of crap. Fox News is more like Hard Copy than CNN, and even CNN is pushing the limits of good taste.
Healthcare article at Kuro5hin
...really had plenty of time to gear up for the war. When 9/11 hit our sites were down for hours and overwhelmed for days even after we started publishing static pages.
The meme police, They live inside of my head
I can't tune into BBC Radio 1 at their yearly DJ party in Miami... the Real Audio server is just too loaded.
Dammit some of us are interested in *real* news.
All I care about is the weapons of mass dancing that the DJ's are going to be showing off.
not to nit-pick, but don't you guys do this for a living? god... take some pride in your work. i mean jeez - "preperation?"
All I can say is, don't rely on any keynote reports. It is purely a pointy-clickey graphy output for managerial types to analyze stuff whether or not the underlying data is accurate. I have nothing more than contempt for keynote studies. More than once they proved that their tests were faulty (different OS's, hardware etc used in a test where people are to assume that everything is the same). If you are a non-technical manager or exec within a company feel free to argue at length, but if you are an engineer you will hate these fucks for undermining the technical realities.
For better or for worse?
I see even classic Slashdot is now pretty much unusable on dial up anymore.
But only for our Christian soldiers, right? The rest are on their own?
Speaking of prayer, they just had the guy in the mosque tower giving the call to prayer in Baghdad. I would have thought that the sound of U.S. ordinance would have had that covered already.
Hope we missed as many civilian targets as possible.
I see even classic Slashdot is now pretty much unusable on dial up anymore.
Does the Pentagon know that Al Franken has the patent on that gag?
I see even classic Slashdot is now pretty much unusable on dial up anymore.
"For better or for worse?"
*laugh*
IMHO for better. You'll enjoy it even better if you have broadband.
However, Government sites in both the US and the UK are being hit, with the US Army site taking over 80 seconds to load at peak times.
This is total bullshit. Keynote Systems was performing DoS attacks themselves on the sites and then reporting it as a slowdown. Just try and /. the Army Home Page and see what happens. There aren't enough users in the /. community to make a dent in it. Don't believe me? Try it.
Why are people acting like it's really hard for the US to plant evidence? Look at which nation has the most WMD in the world.
C'mon, you know that's not true. We pray for ALL the coalition troops. That includes the thousands of Muslims in the U.S. military. I pray also for Iraq's downtrodden, ragtag troops, who are forced to fight for Saddam.
Hope we missed as many civilian targets as possible.
I hope we didn't miss any! We drop bombs on military targets, but food and supplies on civilian targets.
If they ran that same spot with a Star of David or the Islamic Crescent symbol instead of a cross, imagine all the flack they'd catch.
Let me amend my previous statement. I hope our bombs don't hurt any people ('cept maybe that little Stalin wannabe and those who share in his guilt), but that they do such a scary job on a bunch of replaceable buildings (as opposed to ancient sites of great archeological interest) that all the humans realize that right now would be a really good time to surrender and tell our troops where Saddam and company are hiding or to where they have run off.
I see even classic Slashdot is now pretty much unusable on dial up anymore.
Comment removed based on user account deletion
I think you need to stop hitting that pipe sonny boy...there never has been a cross on Fox News and notices to pray for the soldiers. You're almost at the same level as that ridiculous information manager in Iraq stating the Iraqi army killed 5 US tanks and have driven all enemies backwards.
It's amazing how this "horribly biased" news organization is continually number 1 in cable news, FAR surpassing CNN and MSNBC. Seems as though Americans have had it with the stream of bullshit eminating from the major networks and the pile of steaming vomit from CNN. Argue until you can't breathe anymore but Nielsen ratings are pretty hard to fake. Fox is #1 for a reason.
These pages were coming up fast for me and they've been very useful:
Iraq News - http://www.HavenWorks.com/world/iraq
& Search Iraq new
http://www.fuckfrance.com/
http://www.boycottf
http://www.frogweenies.com/
http://ww
After all, as I recall there were absolutely no reported problems with web sites' performance during the last Gulf War.
The golf war? They really shouldn't have let those WWE commentators on the US Open...
"To any truly impartial person, it would be obvious that I am right."
I don't know about the rest of you, but CNN is getting a bad rap for toeing the official US line. a part of BBC's increase in traffic can be seen as the rise of anti-US sentiment
Fox is #1 for a reason.
Yep. It caters for the selfish, uncaring, xenophobic, moronic evil bit that lurks inside every person. It allows the people of America to secretly indulge their hate for just about anything - the outside world, rich people, poor people, black people, white people - under the veil of 'watching news'.
== Jez ==
Do you miss Firefox? Try Pale Moon.
n/t
The temperature of Heaven can be rather accurately computed from available ... shall have their
data. Our authority is Isaiah 30:26, "Moreover, the light of the Moon
shall be as the light of the Sun and the light of the Sun shall be sevenfold,
as the light of seven days." Thus Heaven receives from the Moon as much
radiation as we do from the Sun, and in addition seven times seven (49) times
as much as the Earth does from the Sun, or fifty times in all. The light we
receive from the Moon is one ten-thousandth of the light we receive from the
Sun, so we can ignore that. With these data we can compute the temperature
of Heaven. The radiation falling on Heaven will heat it to the point where
the heat lost by radiation is just equal to the heat received by radiation,
i.e., Heaven loses fifty times as much heat as the Earth by radiation. Using
the Stefan-Boltzmann law for radiation, (H/E)^4 = 50, where E is the absolute
temperature of the earth (~300K), gives H as 798K (525C). The exact
temperature of Hell cannot be computed, but it must be less than 444.6C, the
temperature at which brimstone or sulphur changes from a liquid to a gas.
Revelations 21:8 says "But the fearful, and unbelieving
part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone." A lake of molten
brimstone means that its temperature must be at or below the boiling point,
or 444.6C (Above this point it would be a vapor, not a lake.) We have,
then, that Heaven, at 525C is hotter than Hell at 445C.
-- "Applied Optics", vol. 11, A14, 1972
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