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Russian Supply Ship Docks At ISS

CryptoJoe writes "Space.com and CNN report a successful docking between the Russian-built cargo ship Progress 16 and the International Space Station (ISS). NASA had indicated that a failure of Progress 16 would lead to the evacuation of the ISS because food supplies are critically low."

122 of 196 comments (clear)

  1. The truth by gulfan · · Score: 4, Funny

    The real truth is that all the members of the ISS team are actually on a weight loss program and are currently fasting.

    1. Re:The truth by Irashtar · · Score: 2, Funny

      they used the most effective weight loss program by going into orbit!

  2. Priorities by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    If this is how we are going to do it, we should not be doing it. We should either commit the resources to do the project correctly or we move on to other needs.

    1. Re:Priorities by traveyes · · Score: 2, Insightful

      well... they got the food there. they must've done something right.

      .

    2. Re:Priorities by DM9290 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If this is how we are going to do it, we should not be doing it. We should either commit the resources to do the project correctly or we move on to other needs.

      Are you talking about the ISS or are you talking about the space shuttle?

      Because the critical design flaw in the space shuttle, which has resulted in the grounding of the fleet, was NOT part of the plan.

      But in the real world you overcome problems when they occur. If everyone always gave up and moved on to "other needs" at the slightest hickup, we would always be moving on the other needs without ever satisfying any of them.

      Space travel is dangerous. No one is putting a gun to those astronauts' heads.

      --
      No one has a right to their *own* opinion. They have a right to the TRUTH.
    3. Re:Priorities by tftp · · Score: 2, Interesting
      commit the resources to do the project correctly

      This never happened before in humanity's recorded history :-)

      And besides, how do you apply the word "correctly" to the art of spaceflight? There is no single correct way to do things. There is no even a single correct way to cross the street, as far as I know. If you require perfection then I guess you should remain dirtside until some [supposedly] benevolent extraterrestrials, like Qax, offer you a free ride in one of their ships. Anything else involves risk and uncertainty, and most definitely something somewhere will be done incorrectly, even if you throw resources at the problem. To err is human.

    4. Re:Priorities by eugene_roux · · Score: 1
      Space travel is dangerous. No one is putting a gun to those astronauts' heads.
      We aren't?
      Oh, right, we aren't.
      But of course we aren't!

      Yu. Koptev
      Director General
      Russian Aviation and Space Agency
      --
      Part Time Philosopher, Oft Times Romantic, Full Time Unix Geek
    5. Re:Priorities by EndingPop · · Score: 1

      It isn't that the resources weren't committed, it is that Columbia blew up and NASA's other shuttles were grounded. Does that sound at all familiar? If the shuttle were flying, not only would supplies (and trash removal) not be a problem, but they would have 3 or 4 crew members up there, and the solar arrays would be mostly finished. The Columbia crash put the ISS in "maintain" mode.

      Who modded that "Insightful"?!

      --
      My Company - Red Cedar Technology
    6. Re:Priorities by Chandon+Seldon · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I'm sure the Russians are less putting guns to people's heads and more laughing their ass off that they're owning the USA at space on a fraction of our budget and with technology from the 60's.

      --
      -- The act of censorship is always worse than whatever is being censored. Always.
    7. Re:Priorities by cowscows · · Score: 1

      I would think that they're probably a little depressed and maybe sympathetic for American engineers, when they observe all the beaurocracy nonsense that keeps a wealthy and hi-tech nation from fulfilling its potential in something as fascinating as space exploration.

      I'm not a fellow scientist, and I sure do find it sad.

      --

      One time I threw a brick at a duck.

  3. Man... by Icarus1919 · · Score: 5, Funny

    Man, it's a slow news day. Next headline: Man eats christmas dinner, says it's pretty good.

    1. Re:Man... by gulfan · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Oh, let me guess - someone is killed in Iraq too? I don't even bother with the news anymore. It's way too predictable.

    2. Re:Man... by Wakkow · · Score: 4, Funny

      Just ask the previous ISS crew.. They really enjoyed this crew's Christmas dinner a while ago. =P

      Source:
      "Russian officials accused the previous crew of overeating during their 6-month mission, leaving a deficit of meat and milk and a surplus of juice and confectionery."

    3. Re:Man... by suyashs · · Score: 1

      You'd think there would be a defecit of candy as well...

      --
      http://chrono.posterous.com/
    4. Re:Man... by SoLO · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Don't forget that our shuttle fleet is grounded.

    5. Re:Man... by arivanov · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Not if Atkins is to be believed on the merits of healthy and balanced diet of lard and lard.

      --
      Baker's Law: Misery no longer loves company. Nowadays it insists on it
      http://www.sigsegv.cx/
    6. Re:Man... by Snipes420 · · Score: 1
      im sick of people saying

      "oh, this isn't news"

      or

      "must be a slow news day"


      no news is good news. how about some news about an earth quake? would that make you happy?


      some people are never happy

      --
      What goes around comes around, kid.
    7. Re:Man... by Icarus1919 · · Score: 1

      Oh, funny you should mention that, there was an earthquake this morning. 11,000 dead. Prophetic.

  4. Just be grateful Michael isn't editing today! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    We'd first have to go through Roland Piquepaille's ad-blog to read about that Christmas dinner!

  5. Not to sound like an ass by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Not to sound like an ass but how could food supplies ever get that low.

    Every detail/mission about the ISS is planned from start to finish. Including food stocks. Was there not a red flag somewhere that said "okay, we are going to be there for x days but have y amount of food?" No stays are "overextended" moreso that their food stores should be able to cover them in the event they can't make it back to earth (weather or other prohibiting factors)

    Sure they've remedy'd it now but I'm scared at what could go wrong with something like a Mars mission where you can't just send up a supply ship...

    1. Re:Not to sound like an ass by Phil246 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      remember the shuttle burning up? Thats a major cause to why the supplies ever got that low in the first place.
      nasa grounded all shuttle flights if you remember, and relied on the russians to send things up there.

    2. Re:Not to sound like an ass by yobbo · · Score: 2, Funny

      Well at least the crew had plenty of alcohol. Remind me what the problem was?

    3. Re:Not to sound like an ass by Phil246 · · Score: 2, Informative

      not really. theres an emergency escape module which is perminately docked with the ISS. if push came to shove they could use that to return to earth

    4. Re:Not to sound like an ass by cyclone96 · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Caveat: I work for NASA.

      Actually, you don't sound like an ass at all. It's a good question.

      Yes, things are planned to great detail on ISS. However, the devil is always in the details. Assumptions are made (sometimes over a year in advance)on how much the crew eats, when resupply comes up, when the shuttle is going to fly, and how to parcel out limited upmass between food, water, and spare parts, etc. It's tough when you only have Progress for resupply. This time, we got bit.

      And yeah, we gotta figure this sort of stuff out before we can go to Mars. Which ISS is useful for. Forgetting about the pure science for a moment (which a lot of folks question), ISS is a great engineering platform for how (or how not) to build things and manage humans in space. And we're learning from it.

      As time goes on, NASA is going to try to make ISS more automatic and less dependent on the ground. NASA is going to try to wring out hardware that could be used on the way to Mars in an environment on ISS where a breakdown won't lead to death of the crew. And NASA is going to try to find flaws in logistics and planning (like this) and not allow it to happen where the stakes are higher.

      --
      Worst...sig...ever!
    5. Re:Not to sound like an ass by mp3LM · · Score: 1

      I have a few questions for you, since you work at NASA...if you could contact me on AIM...or e-mail me, or something(I also have MSN and ICQ if you want), I would like to talk to you. But, as we are on /., let me not make this post pointless. Let me ask you...why havn't we colonized the moon at all? In fact...why have a abandoned the moon? It would be far simpler and far more advantages then ISS, don't you think?

    6. Re:Not to sound like an ass by Keeper · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Indeed. But they should have evac'd or done something ASAP about it.

      That's like saying you should turn around and go home because you see traffic stopped 2 miles ahead.

      They knew how much food they had. They still had some left when the supply ship docked. Ergo, it wasn't an emergency that required evacuating the station.

      I mean, what would have happened if the Russian Supply Ship (god forbid) went down?

      My guess is that they'd do whatever it is they need to do to make sure the thing doesn't fall apart with nobody on it and go back to earth on the escape module. I doubt it was a coincidence that they had 7 days of food remaining when the supply capsule docked.

      The crew aboard ISS would have been royally SOL (Shit Outta Luck).

      They wouldn't have. The ISS itself would be SOL, but that's another story entirely.

    7. Re:Not to sound like an ass by Surazal · · Score: 1

      You're likely not going to get a reply on this. Your initial question was good but you flew off the handle there on your follow-up. How can a NASA engineer answer a question like that? The only person who can answer that is someone in charge.

      And unless you have a personal AIM link to George Bush and/or Sean O'Keefe, good luck buddy.

      --
      --- Journals are boring; Go to my web page instead
    8. Re:Not to sound like an ass by tftp · · Score: 4, Interesting
      Well, I am not cyclone96, but why not to reply anyway... not that there is anything else to do :-)

      The Moon is not colonized because nobody was willing to pay for it. There are many places on Earth that are not colonized, and still are more comfortable to live in than Moon. Look at most of Canada, for example :-)

      The whole Moon exercise was only a competition between two countries. Once the finish line was crossed, it became apparent that there is nothing for humans on the Moon.

      With regard to "far simpler than ISS", you must be joking. Launch to LEO lasts 10 minutes; flight to the Moon takes three days. If your oxygen fails on LEO (or if you run out of food) you simply fire the engine and descend, even ballistically if need be; if anything fails on the way to the Moon, or while there, your chances of survival are minimal.

      A colony on the Moon is not practical now simply because there is nothing for colonists to do there. We do not have skintight spacesuits, we do not have portable fusion batteries, we don't have anything that would help the colony there. Imagine 10 people dumped on the surface, maybe with a portable tent. What are they going to do there? You can give them only so much of supplies, and what happens after they run out?

      A proper colony needs to build the base first, and for that they need very good tunneling equipment, sealants and plenty of machinery like airlocks. They need a source of energy, and nothing short of nuclear will do. They need a source of oxygen and water, and though that can be mined, they need to be given tools for such mining (some robots, most likely.) We are talking about hundreds (if not thousands) of tons of materials and supplies just to get started. Today's technology can deliver maybe half a ton, maybe more - but we are still two orders of magnitude below what's needed, and we don't have the payload anyway (where are those robots who would be mining the rocks for He(3) ?)

      So ISS is something that we can do, here and now. It is relatively safe, uses technology that is within our reach, and allows us to build and test new devices and new methods. Colonization of other planets will become possible only after some major advances in technology, primarily in propulsion and then in robotics. You just can not colonize a hostile world without robots, and our existing robots are not even close to what is needed.

    9. Re:Not to sound like an ass by Lord+Prox · · Score: 1

      I wonder if Cyclone96 would mind doing a /. Interview. Minimum polotical BS, maximum /.

      So whadda ya say there pal?

    10. Re:Not to sound like an ass by justins · · Score: 1
      My guess is that they'd do whatever it is they need to do to make sure the thing doesn't fall apart with nobody on it and go back to earth on the escape module. I doubt it was a coincidence that they had 7 days of food remaining when the supply capsule docked.

      I don't follow ISS that closely but if it's anything like Mir, the gyros fail periodically, and need to be replaced. If the station had to be abandoned for a REALLY long time, it could end up tumbling, which makes docking pretty hard, and can damage the station. If the gyros on ISS are a lot better, that's probably a lesser factor and orbital decay would be a greater factor.

      That said, I think the US and Russian space programs both have experience with that tumbling scenario, with smaller stations.
      --
      Now before I get modded down, I be to remind whoever might read this that what I am saying is FACT. - bogaboga
    11. Re:Not to sound like an ass by Keeper · · Score: 1

      The ISS has 4 gyros, and it is a very big deal when they fail (they're supposed to last for 8.5 years). There are rocket thrusters in place to serve as backups should the gyros fail.

      The station is supposed to be able to maintain its orientation with 2 gyros in operation using minimal thrusters.

    12. Re:Not to sound like an ass by ScrewMaster · · Score: 1

      Actually, our spacecraft work quite well once they're in orbit. It's on the way up, and on the way down, that they seem to have problems.

      --
      The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
    13. Re:Not to sound like an ass by justins · · Score: 1
      The ISS has 4 gyros, and it is a very big deal when they fail (they're supposed to last for 8.5 years). There are rocket thrusters in place to serve as backups should the gyros fail.

      I wonder how long you could use the rocket thrusters to maintain proper orientation of the station.

      The station is supposed to be able to maintain its orientation with 2 gyros in operation using minimal thrusters.

      I hope they aren't using the same gyros Mir did. :)
      --
      Now before I get modded down, I be to remind whoever might read this that what I am saying is FACT. - bogaboga
    14. Re:Not to sound like an ass by Keeper · · Score: 1

      I wonder how long you could use the rocket thrusters to maintain proper orientation of the station.

      That would really depend on how much fuel they have stored on the station at any given point in time. I'm going to guess at a minimum they have enough to maintain the station's orientation long enough to evacuate the crew, but more likely I would guess that there is enough fuel kept on board to maintain the orientation long enough for an emergency repair to occur.

      I hope they aren't using the same gyros Mir did. :)

      They most definately are not.

  6. Re:Merry Christmas? by Morlark · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I would wonder if scrapping this project really will get us back to the moon any quicker. Interest in space is nowhere near as high as it was back in the days of the Apollo landings, and it's efforts like the ISS that are keeping space in the headlines. Without headlines like this, most people would be entirely content to have humanity remain on Earth indefinitely. Or until a huge comet hits and wipes us all out.

    --
    Santa's suicide mission go!
  7. Re:Merry Christmas? by benna · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I'm sick of people not seeing the good science that is being done by NASA as it is. Just because it may be more science-fictiony to go to the moon doesn't make it more valuable. We will go to mars (which would be alot more benificial than going to the moon) in good time. Until then let's work on the ISS.

    --
    "It is not how things are in the world that is mystical, but that it exists." -Ludwig Wittgenstein
  8. "Government doesn't create wealth". by Grendel+Drago · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I take issue with this. I know, libertarians say this like neocons say "why do you hate America so much?". But I'd like you to explain how the first following scenario creates wealth, whereas the second only redistributes it.

    ResearchCo solicits investment from the public. ResearchCo develops Velcro with this money. Velcro is then marketed and sold to the public, with a portion of the costs paid back to the investors.

    NASA taxes the public. NASA develops Velcro with this money. Velcro is then marketed and sold to the public; however, there are no licensing fees, so the cost is equivalent to (in the first example) the cost of ResearchCo velcro less the costs paid back to the investors.

    No, they're not precisely equivalent cases, but the flow of things is the same. Why the difference? Can you explain it to me?

    --grendel drago

    --
    Laws do not persuade just because they threaten. --Seneca
    1. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      Libertarianism is just a way of justifying the actions of a priviliged minority by trying to hide all evil and suffering in the world behind the spectre of "government". If something bad happens, no matter what it was, either the government did it or it wasn't really bad.

      Since what you are dealing with is a distraction tactic (don't worry about all that bad stuff happening over there! focus on the government and the government only!) masquerading as a political philosophy, you shouldn't really bother trying to reason with it; the basis is on repeating axioms which are taken on faith, so attempting to push for the origin of one of these axioms will just lead to an argument that goes in circles.

    2. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by Wolfkin · · Score: 1

      By assuming all else is equal, you assume away the problem. If the money had to be taxed from the public, then it wasn't worth spending on that, by definition. Stealing something from someone is, in and of itself, an admission that you couldn't get it from them voluntarily. So, while filling in all the details of what's going on might (or might not) show us where the waste is, or demonstrate the root of the reason you cannot trade for or ask for the money to do a thing, the fact that it was stolen/taxed is a fairly clear indicator that it was economically inefficient to spend it on that.

      --
      Property law should use #'EQ, not #'EQUAL.
    3. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      You've obviously never received a paycheck. If you did, you'd see that a 28% tax by the federal government, followed by a 10% one by the state, and another 5% by local governments means that you spend almost half your working time paying off the taxes. And that's not including sales tax, gasoline tax, etc, which when added together often mean that in any given pay period, you pay more than 50% in taxes!

      Now, the concept behind taxation is that you get something for your money. What have you gotten? I haven't gotten much. Basically, the government takes money from one group of people, keeps some, and gives the rest to other people. (Dave Barry was accurate when he said that.)

      Libertarians aren't like anything you say; they merely suggest that people could get along with much less government. If you did any research whatsoever, you'd realise that the government is the world's largets polluter, has made the public school system useless (while spending billions!), been running a "War On Drugs" it can't win (and putting pot smokers in jail needlessly) and started a "war" in Iraq. And who pays for all this? We do! If you enjoy paying for all that without having been given any choice as to whether or not to pay, and then no choice as to what it gets spent on, continue to do so - the rest of us would like a choice on both matters!

    4. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      And here a demonstration of libertarianism as a distraction tactic masquerading as a philosophy.

      Faced with an accusation that libertarianism excessively relies on demonizing the government to distract people from other things, the response is a long speech about how evil the government is. This speech doesn't really respond to anything said; it just distracts by demonizing the government.

      Demonizing or attacking the government may be justified. But does that mean that demonizing the government is the only appropriate response to any and all situations?

    5. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The difference is simple. It's largely a matter of risk; in the first case, the investors willingly take risks with money of their own or money they've raised; in the second instance the risk is assumed by the taxpayers. In the first instance the transaction is entered into freely by both parties; in the second, the government makes a decision to invest with other peoples' money. While some of those people may indeed want that - others may not, and the government is essentially forcing those people to enter into an investment they don't want.

      Furthermore, when private parties invest, there is an incentive to use the money wisely; when the government is involved, there is only the incentive to spend the money. (You budget only stays the same or grows if you spend everything you got the year before!)

      It is always more likely that individuals and companies will create wealth. The government does not have an incentive to create wealth - the government has an incentive to please as many people as possible, and offend as few as possible. The government also has little accountability (by being accountable to everyone - literally millions), and accountability is much more direct in a private company or investment.

      Your velcro example is very narrow; I don't know the specifics of its creation, but if it was indeed created by NASA, and returned to the people, I suspect that to be one of few. Even if NASA has a record of providing the American people with good technology, it is quite likely to be the only branch of government that does. In fact, I would challenge you to name two others! And before you say "The FDA", I would point out the recent scandals. For further evidence, there was a very good special on PBS that showed that the FDA was aware that certain drugs caused heart problems - and they still approved them!

      Libertarians do not say that no government is the answer - less government is the answer. By having less government, people are freer to do more, and that's what this country was and should be about.

    6. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by jbridge21 · · Score: 1

      I would go with something more along the lines of "individuals doing creative hard work create wealth", and then discuss the merits and problems of various possible funding models for that.

    7. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by datastalker · · Score: 1

      His example is false, in that the government in and of itself can not pay for an investment; rather it has to take money from the citizens to pay for the investment. So the government owes a debt to the citizens to pay for Velcro. If indeed Velcro turns out to be worth more than was invested, unless the government has returned the money it took from the citizens, and given them extra, no wealth has been created.

      It is not an opinion that the government does not create wealth - it is a fact. Just look at its operating budget. It is half a trillion in the red. That is to say nothing of the national debt! The government is so in debt that it would cost every man, woman, and child in this country $25,000 to pay it off. Even if that were to occur, given the budget deficit, we would be in debt again as soon as it became January.

      Heh, your last point is funny. The circular axiom comes for your inability to realise that taxes are bad. You see only the "plusses" in the equation, and not the "minuses". You do not see the taking of taxes as a debt - only the return on investment from Velcro as a plus. If you were to take money from me, you would owe me money (or some service) - yet when the government does it, you fail to see that the government then owes me money (or some service).

      In the instance of a private debt, I have some measure of recourse to assume that I am repaid (with interest!) or that the service I've paid for is performed. (I also have recourse not to give you money in the first place.) In the case of the government taking my taxes, I have no recourse to see that the debt is repaid (no chance in hell of getting interest!), and have no measure of assuring that the services I'm provided (when and if they're provided) equal what I pay. Furthermore, since taxes are mandatory and removed from my check by others, I do not have the recourse to not enter into the "loan" of my tax money, as I would with a provate debt.

      So you see, the circular reasoning comes from your inability to see the negatives, and your continually seeing only positives.

    8. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by datastalker · · Score: 1

      Heh, it is interesting that you mention highways. It is the biggest dupe of all time that the automotive industry in this country got the government to pay for roads, when the railroad industry was forced to pay for tracks itself. No one ever mentions that. Furthermore, it is states that pay for local roads, and intrastate highways, and not the Feds.

      Government regulations in commerce do not "secure" commerce - they hinder it. That you think the government needs to secure and regulate commerce only shows how little you know about what commerce could be! Try running a company with more than ten people some time and see how "regulations" neither save you money nor secure your commerce.

      I don't want broadcast standards set by the government. I have the ability to turn the TV off or change the channel. Why should someone else get to decide what I watch?

      Emergency services are helpful, and are a legitimate function of the government. The local government. It can also be done privately, too.

      I haven't withdrawn from society. And I am not ignorant. If you are happy paying 25% of your salary in federal taxes, another 10% in state taxes, and another 5% in local taxes, plus sales tax and gasoline tax, and not getting your 50% in return, then by all means continue to do so. And as for utilisation, if you think the government has any process whereby the utilisation that ensures its continued survival doesn't come first, you are sadly mistaken.

    9. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by bm_luethke · · Score: 3, Interesting

      FWIW, I'll start that I am generally a die hard conservative and now am usually considered a neocon (though actions speak louder than words, can't say how many times I've seen people lie about thier political affiliation in order to have thier arguments contain more wieght).

      In general I agree with the statement you have issue with. Many many things the govt gets involved with they should not - private industry will do much better. Even in your example I think that private industry would be better at spreading that wealth in that less goes into "red tape". Though I think you are taking too hard a line on that philiosophy, the govt can create wealth just not as good as private industry.

      That being said, it isn't universally true. There are things that almost nothing but a govt entity can do because of thier resources available and little to no interest in profits. NASA being one of those (nationl defense being another). Do I think that a private corp could do it better? Sure. Do I think a private corp would do it better? Probably not.

      Take for instance my last job (now layed off, so you can't think I'm peddling for money :) ). I did what would be called basic comp sci research. Not that it was easy, but that it was not domain specific. Phizer, Shell oil, Los Alamos, almost any place that does high performance computing has rolled thier own versions of the software we worked on. That had *a lot* of duplicate effort with little profit to a company that would produce a package to deal with maintenance of thier clusters. Thus private companies would most likely never release thier own versions - in steps the deep pockets of the federal govt. I made around 30k a year but with the federal govt's overhead I cost over 100k - private industry rarely has that over head.

      Think of this as an x-prize vs federal contract for space flight. Right there epitomises the philosophy - who do you go to for a robust cheap system? It's *much* better than the lowest bidder or internal funding system the govt has.

      Still, I would like to see the govt (and NASA) offer a *huge* prize along with a contract along the lines of the x-prize as only the govt has the resources to do the work needed. I think it could marry the best of both worlds.

      --
      ------- Sorry about the spelling, I suffer from two problems. Dyslexia makes it difficult to spell well, lazy makes it
    10. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by mcc · · Score: 2, Interesting

      His example is false, in that the government in and of itself can not pay for an investment; rather it has to take money from the citizens to pay for the investment. So the government owes a debt to the citizens to pay for Velcro. If indeed Velcro turns out to be worth more than was invested, unless the government has returned the money it took from the citizens, and given them extra, no wealth has been created.

      This is nothing more than playing games with the definition of "wealth"; your argument is effectively tautological. You are not making a statement here about the government's ability to influence the degree of affluence within an economic system, which is what I would say people usually mean when they discuss "wealth" as if it were some sort of discrete quantifiable thing. Instead you are just redefining "wealth" in such a way that it magically disappears when taxation is in some way involved.

      This doesn't really work. No one outside the circle of those that have already bought into the libertarian premises is likely to share this definition of wealth. Therefore using this definition of wealth you are attempting to construct is worthless if you wish to justify the libertarian premises to others-- which, in theory, is the point of this entire discussion.

      If the original statement had been "government doesn't increase the wealth of individuals", your argument might at least be ontopic, since somewhere in there you have correctly observed that in the Velcro example way back near the top of this thread the direct beneficiaries of the hypothetical government Velcro development are not necessarily the same people as those who provided the capital for the Velcro development; this would mean the wealth of many of these individual providers of capital can be said to have not increased. However, there's still a catch there; somewhere there's an individual that did benefit, and his wealth certainly increased. You would probably say that this is just "redistribution". Here's the thing though: Let's say the government, in its supreme arbitrariness, takes wealth away from individual A, then does something with it, then "redistributes" it to individual B. What if the amount of wealth given to individual B at the end of all this is greater than the amount of wealth taken from individual A-- as it would have been in the Velcro example? If no wealth is created by the government in this transaction, then where exactly did it come from? Elves?

    11. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by datastalker · · Score: 1

      Okay. Since you seem to think that "individual wealth" is somehow separate from "societal wealth", your entire first part of your arugment would be correct. However, "societal wealth" can only come from "individual wealth", since society is made up of individuals. Therefore, taking money from individuals (in whatever form, especially taxes) is taking wealth from society, since again, individuals make up society. I will therefore quanitifiable define wealth as the length of time a person can survive on a given amount of money. Therefore, if I can live for two days on $100, my wealth is equal to 2 for every $100 I have.

      If we have a society of 5 people (A, B, C, D, and E), with $1000, the society has a wealth of 2. Now, if they government takes 50% of everyone's money, the society has a wealth of 1, and the government has a wealth of 1. At best, the government should redistribute that equally, so that it goes back to having a wealth of 0 and society's individuals have their wealth of 2. But that can't happen since the government itself requires wealth in order to operate.

      So let's take your example. Each person has a wealth of 2, including persons A and B. So the government, in its pure arbitrariness takes half the wealth from A and does something with it (buys something from C and D, since they can't just "create" money), and redistributes it to person B. Let's say the government creates a wealth of 3, keeps one for itself as the cost per transaction, and redistributes a wealth of 2 to person B.

      As things stand now:

      A = 1
      B = 4
      C = 3
      D = 3
      E = 2
      Government = 1 (wealth used for transaction)

      So the total wealth in society has gone up but two, which is great for persons B, C, and D! But what about person A? Person A now has half as much wealth as before. Where is A's money? the government has it, as the government now requires part of the wealth to function. So the government can't redistribute just yet, because it requires a wealth of 1 per transaction to function. So it in turn has to take money from the people again.

      So now, as it takes one from everyone, the numbers look like this:

      A = 0
      B = 3
      C = 2
      D = 2
      E = 1
      Government = 2 (wealth used for transactions)

      Now, if we use the government's investment in C and D to create further wealth (and if you don't buy that you're nuts - the government buys goods and services from people all the time), we have the following with the redistribution to B:

      A = 0
      B = 5
      C = 3
      D = 3
      E = 2
      Government = 2 (wealth used for transactions)

      As you can see, A now has nothing. This means one of two things: A either ceases to exist, or the government now has to redistribute to A AND B.

      Of course, your "logical" conclusion will be that the government should just use the wealth of transactions for person A! That solves the problem, right? Wrong. If you'll remember, person A is where the government is getting the money from in the first place! (Along with the other persons.)

      So person A now has nothing, and the government has not really created wealth. Furthermore, it has ruined person A! As you can see, the total wealth has increased to 15, but the government has used 2 wealth in transaction costs, so society still only has 13 - and now B has 5 and A has 0.

      Let's remove the government, and assume that A, B, C, D, and E are free to trade among themselves, again creating two wealth and using one wealth per transaction. A trades with B, using 1 wealth for the transaction, but in the process enriches C and D, since their goods have to come from somewhere:

      A = 2 (A gets three minus one for the cost of transaction)
      B = 3 (B gets four minus one for the cost of transaction)
      C = 3 (C gets one for cost of transaction from A)
      D = 3 (D gets one for cost of transaction from B)
      E = 2

      Total wealth in society after one round: 13.

      Next round:
      A = 3 (A gets four minus one for the cost of the transaction)
      B = 4 (B gets five minus one for the cost of the transaction)
      C = 4 (C gets one for cost of transaction from A)
      D = 4 (D gets one for cost of transaction from B)
      E = 2

      Total wealth in society: 17.

      Clearly, government interference can only be harmful.

    12. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by mcc · · Score: 1

      As for "the first part" of what I said: What I said above does not in any way require there to be a separate concept of "societal wealth". It just requires a willingness to admit it might in some way be possible to look at an aggregate of the wealth of some number of individual people.

      The rest of what you say has nothing to do with anything. Contrived hypothetical anecdotes do not prove generalities.

    13. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by Richard_at_work · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Im surprised that noones pointed this out yet, but NASA never discovered or really developed velcro, or teflon or most of the other stuff usually accredited to NASA and the space program. NASAs true positive purpose was and is the employment of hundreds of thousands of americans through contractors, subcontractors etc. Yes, thats right, the $100million they spend on a rocket launch isnt converted to Gold bricks and sent up, it goes home in peoples pockets. By making people work for this money, instead of handing it out, they encourage skills and personal development.

    14. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by datastalker · · Score: 1

      Ha! No government distributes evenly, and that will always be the fallacy in your argument. After all, if the distribution were even as you claim it is, then the government is entirely unnecessary. If the distribution is even, then everyone gets back what they started with - and then why redistribute in the first place?

    15. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by datastalker · · Score: 1

      Sure it does. Your refutation of my argument here amounts to "it doesn't have to be that way because I said so". If you can provide a logical argument for "looking at an aggregate of the wealth of some number of individual people", I'll be more than happy to read it. However, "aggregates", by definition, remove the consequences of the economic equation on some people - and that's been my argument the whole time. You just saying "it's not true" doesn't change anything. You can't look at an "aggregate" without eventually looking at what happens to all those people you're ignoring that aren't in your "aggregate". Ie - if your aggregate contains only Persons A and B, and neglects Persons C and D, then it may be great for Persons A and B to have the government redistribute wealth. But by using that aggregate, you ignore that C and D could be worse off, or even better off! In the first case, which I believe, you would only make my argument for me; in the second, which I don't believe, you further strengthen your own argument. So you are helping me either way - by helping my argument or failing to strengthen yours!

      "Contrived hypothetical examples" can prove lots of generalities, and its how theories are created and tested. I'll notice also, that since my "contrived hypothetical example" actually proves what I'm saying, and that you ignored it, that you can't refute its logic and thereby acquiesce in its conclusions, since you failed to prove it wrong or provide a counter-argument.

      In fact your whole post resolves to "that's not true because I said so!", which is the most addled of responses - worthy of only an AOL'er at best.

    16. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by datastalker · · Score: 1

      Okay, all formatting problems aside...

      If public roads are used by everyone, and I am paying for them with taxes, why are there tolls?

      You are right that eventually the populace pays for things - but why not make it things that the populace wants? I'm not saying that the populace doesn't want roads... what I am saying is that I pay my taxes, and then $6 in bridge tolls (I live in NY), and invariably, the roads are in the poorest condition! You can always tell when you leave New York and get into Connecticut because the CT highways are better maintained than those in New York. Yet New York taxes are higher, as are New York tolls! Where is all that money going? Why can't I, by spending MORE money than someone in CT for roads, get the roads I'm paying for by your argument?

      Okay, I missed your point about NTSC. That's fair. However, let's look at this from a free market perspective. First, it is not necessary for the government to define standards. The ISO often defines standards well before the government does - that's true for Ethernet, CDROM, cabling, and many other things. While it can be helpful if the government defines standards, often, if left to their own devices, companies will agree on a standard *because they will make more money*. Why is that? If they can sell goods and services that are interoperable (to say nothing of after-market goods that can be added on), they make more money. What company today would sell a CDROM that wasn't ISO9660 format? There is no government defined format for CDROMS, but any company that sold CDs that couldn't be used by people wouldn't last long.

      Heh, and your whole last argument is a little silly. First, I am not suggesting that people don't pay taxes - merely that they pay less, and /or GET WHAT THEY PAY FOR. Your sewer argument is a perfect example. For starters, a lot of people in this country use septic tanks, which they pay for and maintain themselves. So they pay taxes for sewer maintenance, yet the government does not provide them with sewers. Is that right? They are paying for something they don't use. Your argument would then say "Oh, well that's okay". But it's not - it's being doubled billed.

      Double billing - if you went to a restaurant, and they made you pay for your steak, and a steak for someone else, and that person didn't eat steak, but had lobster, you would never eat at that restaurant ever again. You would tell your friends not to eat there. But when it is the government, you are somehow okay with it?

      Take education as another example. Everyone pays for public schooling. Your argument says that it's okay for everyone to pay for public schooling, because it provides a minimum standard for education. This is false for two reasons: first, even though the US spends more than most other countries on education, the US public school children rank behind countries that spend less. (see: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A412 78-2004Dec6.html and http://science.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=04/12/0 7/1914226&from=rss)

      Second, by using taxes to fund public schools, you are creating inequities by your very system! Since New Yorkers have a larger tax base than say, Kansas, the New York school children have more spent on them, and so get a "better" education than those in Kansas. (see: http://www.pbs.org/newshour/backgrounders/school_f unding.html)

      So by your argument, we get a system where people pay for things twice, and the intended results do not come about! Sounds great to me! Sure, it makes sense to keep doing what we're doing - it makes sense to keep paying 50% and not getting my money's worth!

    17. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by yui_unifex · · Score: 1
      Libertarianism is just a way of justifying the actions of a priviliged minority by trying to hide all evil and suffering in the world behind the spectre of "government". If something bad happens, no matter what it was, either the government did it or it wasn't really bad.
      No.

      Libertarianism is by nature relativistic. If an individual holds some action to be evil or bad then he may still be fully compatible with the philosophy so long as he does not force others to support his views.

      Please don't spread stupid FUD like this. I know that "trying to hide all evil and suffering in the world behind the spectre of 'government'" is a great soundbite, but it's provably false given any reasonable definition of Libertarianism, and it lowers the quality of political discussion.
    18. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by datastalker · · Score: 1

      Demonizing the government may be justified as you say. Is it the "only appropriate response to any and all situations"? No.

      However, it is a place to start. The government was created to protect rights (read the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution if you don't believe me), and not to be a "nanny" for society and cure society's ills. The government is supposed to provide a framework of protection whereby society is free to cure its own ills!

      Libertarians say this: we have this government, and it is huge. Let's scale it back where we can (gradually, even, not all at once - we are a practical group if nothing else!), and let's let people have some of their money back. That will create new business opportunities (granted, again, not in all areas - the government will still have responsibilities!), where people can enrich themselves by solving problems. Government is arguably a poor problem solver. The free market is usually a better problem solver. (Though nothing is ever perfect!) So let's let the free market do what it does best (enrich people through interaction), and let the government do what it does best (provide a framework of protection of rights). It's really that simple.

      It's not a distraction as you put it. Furthermore, you never address the issue with a counter-argument - you merely call it a distraction. We would be happy to hear your arguments as to why government would be a better problem solver than a free market.

    19. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by datastalker · · Score: 1

      I pay taxes in our current system every two weeks.

      I make a little over $50,000 per year, or $2145.83 per check. Of that, I get to keep $1,492.97. So that means, that of my pay check, I keep 69% of it, as I pay $31.11 in medicare taxes per check, $133.04 in Social Security taxes, $376.87 in federal taxes, $110.54 in New York state taxes, and $1.10 in NY Emp. SDI (whatever the hell that is).

      If you think about that, that means that I lose 30% of my income right off the bat. That means that of the 12 months in a year, I have to work 30% of that just to pay my taxes! That's 3.6 months, just to pay taxes!

      So right out of my paycheck, I lose 31% of my money. When I buy groceries, however, I pay 8.25% sales tax. (It's high here in New York, I'll admit.) When I buy gas for my car, I pay another 5-7% in taxes on that.

      Your argument further ignores that my employer has to match my social security payment (which is required by law), which means that they pay another 6% to the government that they then can't use to augment my salary, or provide for further growth of the company.

      You can just add up the taxes - that's exactly what happens. That you don't see that leads me to believe that you are ignoring the realities of things, or that it is you who truly doesn't pay taxes in the system.

    20. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by symbolset · · Score: 2, Funny

      The purpose of government is, beyond defense, to deplete the surplus productivity. In an age where workers become ever more productive their exceess leisure would otherwise lead to great unhappiness and unrest.

      While research ventures like NASA seem to be unlimited sinkholes to pour excess productivity into, actually the reverse is true. In the long term research always pays off, producing results which make people more productive.

      To balance this we need even more bureaucracy and middle management in NASA, several layers of oversight for funding, safety and artistic merit, and that's still not enough.

      As a beginning solution to the excess productivity problem I suggest we expend more public funds in the care and nurturing of feral cats.

      --
      Help stamp out iliturcy.
    21. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth". by sadomikeyism · · Score: 1

      ResearchCo created Velcro with the funds NASA gave it, sure, but NASA wasted twice as much money figuring out who the right company was to give it to, overseeing them to make sure they are spending it wisely, and they had to give ResearchCo twice as much money as it would have needed if it came from private investors because private investors don't demand that you comply with every subclause of every damn government regulation, from OSHA, union, EPA, etc. Private funds to ResearchCo gets three to four times more bang for the buck than government spending.

      --
      "Necessity is the plea for every infringement of human freedom. It is the argument of tyrants; it is the creed of slaves
  9. More accurate headline by Zenmonkeycat · · Score: 5, Funny

    "Russian ICBM Accidentally Fails to Destroy Space Station: Next Attempt Will Carry Live Warhead Instead of Food."

    --

    *****
    Dear Mary,
    I yearn for you tragically,
    A.T. Tappman, Chaplain, U.S. Army.

    1. Re:More accurate headline by HermanAB · · Score: 2, Interesting

      About 105 years ago during the Anglo South African War, the ZAR forces fired a single bomb into the besieged town of Maffeking on Christmas day. This was odd, since the Brits and Boers never fought on religious days - never on Sundays and Christmas was unthinkable. When the British soldiers went to investigate and defuse the apparently dud bomb, they found that the shell had a traditional English Christmas pudding in its casing.

      --
      Oh well, what the hell...
    2. Re:More accurate headline by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      Having tried English pudding, the true evil of this plot by the ZAR is exposed...

      That is one of the most inhuman war stories I've ever heard. A moment of silence for their tastebuds......

    3. Re:More accurate headline by adeydas · · Score: 1

      nice one... :)

    4. Re:More accurate headline by caluml · · Score: 1
      Having tried English pudding, the true evil of this plot by the ZAR is exposed...

      Having not understood the difference between pudding, and Christmas pudding....

  10. Re:Merry Christmas? by HermanAB · · Score: 2, Funny
    "When will they scrap this project"

    You don't understand the real purpose of the space station - it is there to have a real pair of human eyeballs watching for a missile launch. It is a final confirmation for the super powers that somebody is up to no-good, before they launch a counter strike and kill millions. The scientific stuff is secondary and to keep the guys from getting bored out of their skulls.

    --
    Oh well, what the hell...
  11. Re:Merry Christmas? by benna · · Score: 1

    As if they could see such a tiny (relitivly speaking) object from the space station.

    --
    "It is not how things are in the world that is mystical, but that it exists." -Ludwig Wittgenstein
  12. Re:Merry Christmas? by westyx · · Score: 2, Funny

    what are they going to do if the missiles are launched - "hey houston, you're fucked. over"

  13. Good for You by darthdavid · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Nasa and other such organizations are essential to the survival of the human race. Without a proper space program then people will never leaver Earth/ The Solar System and then when something goes awry you can wave bye to the human race. Now, seeing as you obviously have moral objection to NASA, let's make a deal. If earth is ever under threat of destruction and NASA offers you tickets on any life boat they may think up you have to give them to me so you don't violate your moral objection to a government funded space program. Agree?

    1. Re:Good for You by gl4ss · · Score: 1

      however, such projects would be looooong term projects in anyway.

      consider this, every year in advancing technology for consumer(including warfare etc) use spawns new innovations and new technological means that put the cost of going to space down every day. getting to space gets cheaper per year regardless of what nasa does as pure research projects.

      basically what i'm saying is that going to space will be drastically cheaper in 100 years regardless of if we focus on it completely or not(and quite frankly, if we get screwed before that we're totally screwed anyways)... advancing technology does not really need to be focused around survival of human beings in orbit(today) for it to be very useful for the eventual liftoff of human race from earth.

      personally i think what nasa etc are doing now is cool - but not that they're all that meaningful in the light of probable tech advancements that we would get anyhow in the next 1000 years or so.

      people nowadays(and always i guess) lack vision of things in big perspective, they just think things like "lifeboat NOW", and not that in the light of advancements were had getting to space is going to be very easy in the far future. though, that could be that people always wanted to see things happening during their lifetime...

      --
      world was created 5 seconds before this post as it is.
  14. Russian-built? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    "A Russian-built cargo ship has successfully docked with the International Space Station"

    Russian-built? What does that mean? It was built by Russians but was designed by someone else? Assembled in Russia from imported parts?

    I don't get it.

    1. Re:Russian-built? by liago0sh · · Score: 1

      No. It was designed and built in Russia.

    2. Re:Russian-built? by WolfWithoutAClause · · Score: 1
      Russian-built? What does that mean?

      It means that the Russians built it with 1/2 to 1/3 of the manhours that it would have taken in America, for 1/20 to 1/30 the price that it would have taken in America, and probably is a lot simpler and overall more reliable than it would have been if had been if it had been designed and built in America.

      :-)

      --

      -WolfWithoutAClause

      "Gravity is only a theory, not a fact!"
    3. Re:Russian-built? by andyappan · · Score: 1

      SHIPPING 600 kmph Ship GRT 500 Pass 600 Air bearing, Air breathing, Thermal Jet Cost 10 Mn $, Fare $ 1 / 40 km Appan. Ph./ Fax .91.044.2371 7799 Email: niraima@yahoo.com

  15. They could learn from Japan's 7-11 by tom1974 · · Score: 1

    Systems setup in 7-11s in Japan actually do the ordering itself? and not only mundane repeat orders. It actually orders depending on weather, temperature and date/time of year. E.g +3 degrees change in temperature and it orders more beer, etc.

    Cool system, maybe Nasa could learn something from them.

    1. Re:They could learn from Japan's 7-11 by liangzai · · Score: 1

      Yeah, like the weather, temperature and so on is actually gonna change on board ISS...

    2. Re:They could learn from Japan's 7-11 by Mage+Powers · · Score: 1

      Lag issues man, 7-11's in japan can order stuff as much as they want, 7-11's in orbit only get sent stuff like every few months. With shopping a lot of shopping cycles the store could say have enough milk in stock to last 3 days checked daily such that even if the milk purchases double, and theres a delay in more milk, people wont notice.

    3. Re:They could learn from Japan's 7-11 by tom1974 · · Score: 1

      Well, this brings me to this other thing we should be using, a space elevator.

      7-11 order inventory system + space elevator = mars here we come! :)

    4. Re:They could learn from Japan's 7-11 by maligor · · Score: 2, Funny

      Outside:
      Temperature: Unknown
      Pressure: 0
      Humidity: Divide by Zero Error!

      It'd probably freak out and order shuttles full of vodka.

    5. Re:They could learn from Japan's 7-11 by cypherwise · · Score: 2, Funny
      It'd probably freak out and order shuttles full of vodka.

      And the problem with that is.... ;-)

  16. Missing element in your equation..... by idiotnot · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Money that's taken by government inevitably has a sizable portion skimmed off the top to support bureaucracy. And there is little personal incentive in government for innovation and top performance.

    So, the equations aren't equal.

    Time and time again, the private sector has shown itself to be more efficient than the government (or any other monopoly, for that matter).

    Even elements of government "run as businesses" don't function as efficiently as their private counterparts. If I have to get a package somewhere in two days, I'm not going to the US Postal Service -- I'm going to UPS or FedEx.

    1. Re:Missing element in your equation..... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      It is different from a corporation in that a corporation has an incentive to skim as little as possible off the top to support its "bureacracy" - the government has no incentive to keep its costs low. Corporation A competes with Corporation B - the competition to win customers involves keeping prices low, and lower operating costs mean lower prices, and thereby more consumers, and ultimately more money. Who does the government compete with? No one! There is no incentive to make its "bureaucracy" smaller. In fact, there is just the opposite - if you don't spend your budget it shrinks the following year.

      Corporations have every incentive for innovation and top performance - to get customers! The more customers you get, the better your corporation. What customers does the government try to get? None - it forces people to pay taxes regardless of whether they use the service the government provices.

      He's not changing the subject - you just don't understand his responses.

    2. Re:Missing element in your equation..... by mcc · · Score: 2, Interesting

      > > > Money that's taken by government inevitably has a sizable portion skimmed off the top to support bureaucracy.
      > > How is this different from in a corporation?
      > It is different from a corporation in that a corporation has an incentive to skim as little as possible off the top to support its "bureacracy" - the government has no incentive to keep its costs low.


      But corporations are not autonomous entities. They are run by people.

      Specifically they are run by the very "bureacracy" that we are discussing.

      So an "incentive" given to the corporation may or may not translate to actual actions-- since the "bureacracy" makes the decisions, not the corporation, the bureaucracy has the capacity to make decisions which serve the interests of the bureaucracy, not the corporation.

      In theory this might lead to the corporation not surviving, freeing up resources for other, more efficient corporations. In practice the corporation can probably survive this and continue bogging down its sector of the market, especially if all the other corporations in the same market space-- since they are all also run by people-- are behaving in the same manner. And since the bureaucracies running all these companies have no personal incentive to put the interests of the company over that of their own-- the corporation is who will suffer if they do so, not them-- chances are good that in practice they will all behave in that manner, all the time.

      The remainder of your post is merely situationals. They may combine to increase the probability that private enterprise will efficiently perform a task but if we're talking about actual real life and not models they aren't going to hold all the time. There may be government-sector programs which do have incentives to watch their costs, though this likely doesn't happen often. There may be Corporations A which have no corresponding Corporations B, and this does happen often. In fact, it happens to at least a small extent the majority of the time, since there are many different ways to compete and it is not hard to carve out a market niche; almost no businesses compete purely on price except in those markets that are truly commodities, and these markets are probably not interesting enough to justify discussion. Innovation and top performance are one way to get customers but they are not the only, and possibly not even the best way. Your statements do work as a model, but so many assumptions must be met for the model to hold I would question their utility for decisionmaking except in those cases that are so clear-cut and unambiguous that it would be obvious what to do even without the model. And even in those cases, this just means that the market can do a better job than the government could. It doesn't mean the market does or is going to do a good job.

      The reason why the government can "get money regardless" isn't systemic. It comes into play becuase the government, like corporations are, is run by people, and these people have the capability to act on their own interests rather than those of the government. And while the systemic advantages to capitalism work great in a vacuum, they don't provide much more protection from this once you start allowing in people than those advantages that government posesses do. Corporations at heart have the same flaw as government-- that the people making the decisions are eternally spending other people's money. In one case they're spending the incorporated entity's money and in the other they're spending the public's money, but the only really important difference is that the public has a lot more money.

      The checks and "incentives" in capitalism do provide some protection against the kinds of bureaucratic complacency that plague the efficiency of government programs. But bureaucracies are self-sustaining, and most often they can find ways to brush these "incentives" aside when it suits them, the same way that bureaucracies in government brush aside th

    3. Re:Missing element in your equation..... by datastalker · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You obviously do not know about government budgets. If you do not spend your budget by the end of the year, you do not get the same amount of money next year. My father worked for a government agency for fifteen years, and I worked for a state government for five, so I know that which of I speak. The budgets, therefore, are the same or more the following year. There is no saving there.

      Efficiency, however, means that you eventually pay less for something that you originally paid a certain price for. If I pay X for a process to make widgets, but I then find a way to do it more efficiently, it will cost me Y less. (Either through spending less on machinery or on labour savings.) If X - Y then equals Z, I can lower prices and/or sell more widgets. In either instance, if people then buy those widgets, I make more money. (Either by saving Y, or the increase in sales, or both.)

      Efficiency translates into savings which can create wealth - the government can not create wealth.

      For that matter, the government can't create anything other than more government - any goods and/or services the government uses from the private sector is that much less that the private sector has for the rest of the private sector.

      Here is a very simple fact - people pay taxes. Unless the government is exactly repaying those taxes, and giving the people more money than they took in taxes, they are not creating wealth. It's that simple. If you can sit there and say that the government provides goods and services in larger amount then they take in all the taxes from the citizenry, then you are living in a dream world.

    4. Re:Missing element in your equation..... by datastalker · · Score: 1

      Wow. Perhaps if you READ The arguments, instead of attacking them, you might learn something. Those "pretty speeches" get moderated up because they contain ideas and some examples - your responses tell me that I am "waving things like talismen", but don't provide counter arguments and/or ideas of your own.

      I never said efficiency was the only way to create wealth. I said it is A method to create wealth that the government does not have (and glaringly so). You have yet to point out how government creates wealth. If I remember correctly, your argument was that government takes money from person A, then "does something with it" (your words), and redistributes it to person B. Of course, you never tell us what "does something with it" actually is - you assume by default that there is some process out there that the government automatically uses to create wealth.

      It's not an opinion - it's a fact. I defined wealth as the ability to survive for a specific period given a certain amount of money. (You have provided no alternate definition, and have not argued against mine.) If that's the case, then I need X money to survive Y time. If they government takes A from me, then I now have X-A. The only way for me to get back to my original wealth, I need A returned to me. (That's just to break even!) If I want greater wealth, then I need X+B. B has to be greater than A. The government, therefore, has to give me back A for me to break even, and would have to give me at least part of B. I know of no government spending program or service where I get back a greater sum (in goods and/or services) than I pay in.

      That's not to say that there aren't people that have that happen to them - welfare recipients have it happen all the time! What I am saying is that it is inherently unfair - if I want to help someone who is out of work, I should be able to do that of myself. Now your argument is that if the government were to stop providing welfare, then no one would help those out of work. That is not true! Ironically (or not), when social programs are instituted by government, charitable contributions by private individuals go down, since they think the government will be picking up the slack.

      Even if we accept your argument that the government creates wealth, it can be shown that it can't redistribute it equitably. Let's say the government can invest in something and generate a profit. This profit assumes that the government has already paid its own operating costs for the transaction. It now has surplus money. Putting aside for a second the fact that the government is trillions of dollars in debt and is running a budget deficit, if it generates a profit it then, by definition, has to distribute that wealth to the people.

      Even ignoring the cost of actually distributing the wealth to every person in the country, unless the profit is exactly equal to at least a penny per person in the country, it can't equally distribute the wealth it creates. Since the government is supposed to be "of the people, by the people, and for the people", it must treat everyone fairly.

      If it can't provide that profit to everyone, then it is not fairly redistributing the wealth it creates. So by definition, it must favour some over others, and fails at its primary mission of redistribution of wealth.

    5. Re:Missing element in your equation..... by datastalker · · Score: 1

      You are saying the blanket statements are not valid, but not providing a REASON for that.

      Your saying that our statements are invalid is an active claim, one which you continually fail to buttress with logic or examples.

  17. Re:Merry Christmas? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

    "I would wonder if scrapping this project really will get us back to the moon any quicker."

    Getting to the moon quickly was done years ago. The trick is to develop space based technologies that allow people to do more than just take some photos, grab a few rocks and have a quick game of golf.

  18. Please, please by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    In future, please do no more than one of the following in a single post.

    1. Accuse someone of making a stupid comment.
    2. Commit errors in spelling, punctuation and sentence structure to the point where it impedes understanding of your comments.

    It would be preferable if you did neither of these things when posting. However if you absolutely must do one then please refrain from doing the other.

  19. Re:Merry Christmas? by benna · · Score: 1

    Operational discoveries that can be applied to things like a mission to mars.

    --
    "It is not how things are in the world that is mystical, but that it exists." -Ludwig Wittgenstein
  20. Making money by XenonDif · · Score: 1
    Corporations don't just redistribute wealth, they create it. They create products, services or ideas that are more valuble to other people than the wealth they spent to create those things. The profits go to benefit the shareholders who are people like your grandmother. Their expenses are redistributed to their employees, other firms and the communities they support.

    It is about MAKING money.

  21. Delta 4 Heavy by Lotharjade · · Score: 1

    Hey! Send up a Delta 4 Heavy packed to the hilt with food water and air. The probably wont have to resupply with that stuff for a few decades.

    --
    Party at O'zorgnax's Pub! Buy me a Slurmtini aye?
    1. Re:Delta 4 Heavy by Lotharjade · · Score: 1

      Why would it miss? If your saying the max load would make the rocket lack the required thrust to get to the station, I mean load it up with the most allowed to reach station. If you are referring to a navigation problem, please describe.

      --
      Party at O'zorgnax's Pub! Buy me a Slurmtini aye?
    2. Re:Delta 4 Heavy by snooo53 · · Score: 1

      Better yet, park the darn thing next to the station and make the station a little bigger

      --
      The sending of this message pretty much inconveniences everyone involved.
    3. Re:Delta 4 Heavy by Lotharjade · · Score: 1

      Heck, I think we take all the space trash and bring it to the station. Then, give Red Green a bunch or duck tape and a welder, and VOILA!!! MEGA space station!

      --
      Party at O'zorgnax's Pub! Buy me a Slurmtini aye?
  22. We need more details. by has2k1 · · Score: 1

    What did they actually run out of, the frozen McDonald's or the Vodka.

  23. Funny reasoning here by melted · · Score: 1, Interesting

    OK, so you're saying Russians are guilty because NASA fucked up the Shuttle program. Is it just me or someone else thinks this reasoning is funny?

    Let's not forget that the sole reason why ANYONE is still up there is because Russians have more reliable transport spacecraft.

    "NASA is going to try, blah blah blah..." Try to fix your shuttle program first, then move on to Mars program. Until then, outsourse the Mars program to Russia. They've already done much of the "isolated ecosystem" work, here on Earth.

  24. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth"Nose? What no by datastalker · · Score: 1

    I think you're just trying to bait me at this point. You either didn't read my post, or you didn't understand it - the entire post outlaid which system is more appropriate. And it entirely says that a less government system creates more wealth.

    The government does indeed land on things like comets, etc., for two reasons. One, it has to spend the money it takes in on something. And two, enough people are currently interested in such things that the government can please a majority of them by doing such things. If that were to change, the government would stop doing such things.

    However, your saying that the government has a lack of incentive is true. If gold were found in large deposits on Mars tomorrow, who do you think would land there first? Burt Rutan and crew, or the Feds? Remember that the Feds have no shuttle program right now because the entire fleet is grounded due to the loss of 25% of the fleet!

    And you're right - a business will only go if there is a net profit, either directly or indirectly. And your "billions of dollars" example is bad, because that's mostly government waste! Or do you not remember the $700 hammers and the $1000 dolalr toilet seats? It's very simple - if business can make a profit, they will go. If government has money to burn (which they take from you!) and can please enough people, they might go - and might fail miserably often (two shuttles, several Mars probes), but might not. It's a craphsoot with the government - whereas with private companies you can make educated guesses and/or do research and arrive at conclusions.

  25. the difference by Aexia · · Score: 1

    Governments exist to enrich society. Corporations exist to enrich their shareholders. If society benefits in the latter case, it's a fortunate side effect. But time and time again, we've seen which side corps will pick when the chips are down.

    That's why corporations spend their money researching (and marketing) a wide variety of *treatments* and governments spend their time researching *cures*.

    I won't claim that government always succeeds at enriching society, but at least they generally make the effort and are somewhat accountable. Corporations are only about looking out for their shareholders and don't give a shit about anyone else, even their own employees.

    In fact, I would challenge you to name two others!

    Dept of Defense and Dept of Education.

    And before you say "The FDA", I would point out the recent scandals. For further evidence, there was a very good special on PBS that showed that the FDA was aware that certain drugs caused heart problems - and they still approved them!

    Because corporations and Randiots like yourself have been pressuring entities like the FDA or the SEC to stop interfering with corporations' shareholder-given right to sell poison to unsuspecting customers. Now that you've got politicians in office who have been happily defanging regulatory agencies, you have the gall to complain that they're not doing enough to interfere. Which is it? Do you want regulatory oversight or not?

    accountability is much more direct in a private company or investment.

    Maybe if the company is owned by handful of people. There's only accountability in a corporation if they don't make money; no one gets held accountable if they kill people.

    The government does not have an incentive to create wealth - the government has an incentive to please as many people as possible, and offend as few as possible.

    And this is a bad thing how? I'll take that over the countless numbers of corporations who have decided to fuck everyone else over to improve their profit margin by .1%

    1. Re:the difference by datastalker · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Governments do not exist to enrich society. They exist to protect rights. The Declaration of Independence says it best:

      "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. --That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,"

      It doesn't say "to enrich society". It doesn't say that in the Constitution, either. It's strange that you attribute a function (enriching society) to government that it was never created to do. Society should enrich society. So your definition of government is flawed.

      How is the government accountable? By voting? Surely you would not suggest such a thing, when most races end in ties and most politicians are 'bipartisan" to everyone's detriment.

      What has the Department of Defense provided the private sector? How silly! Most DoD stuff is private sector built (Boeing, Lockheed-Martin, etc.) for the government. That shows how little you know!

      As for the Department of Education, we have spent TRILLIONS on public schools, and they are arguably the worst in the world. The Japanese, Europeans, and Canadians all have higher standards of education than the US and spend far less per student than we do. If that's "enriching society", you have a WARPED definition of enriching.

      You do realise that it was the FDA that prevented companies from seeing the European trial results of most drugs? Obviously not. There should be de-regulation. Not everything will be perfect all the time. But when the government approves a medicine it knows to be harmful, and prevents private companies from seeing evidence to the contrary, no one wins. And companies don't sell posion when there is profit to be made - killing your customers is the quickest way to losing them.

      Heh, and your accountability argument is laughable. The reason people are not held accountable now is because they're able to utilise donations to political parties to curry favours - in a government that serves only its legitimate purpose that couldn't happen.

      The prinicipal of mutual exclusivity is where it's bad. If loggers want to cut down trees, and environmentalists want to save the spotted owl, whom should the government please? The government offends the loggers to please the environmentalists - they offend the environmentalists to please the loggers.

      A logging company has incentive to provide for the owls - it doesn't want to lose environmentally conscious customers.

    2. Re:the difference by cheesybagel · · Score: 1
      What has the Department of Defense provided the private sector? How silly! Most DoD stuff is private sector built (Boeing, Lockheed-Martin, etc.) for the government. That shows how little you know!

      Today it is. But in the old times the Army had the Arsenals. Like the Redstone Arsenal...

  26. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth"Nose? What no by datastalker · · Score: 1

    You've been responding to my posts all night. Pay attention!

    You've been stating things all night, so if that's not the same as it being true, that holds for you as well. Of course, you know what they say - arguing on the internet is useless. So this will be my last post.

    Your problem with my examples is that you're thinking of now and only now. If mining gold further out in the solar system will occur, it wil occur in the future - when technology is better, and the "per-ounce cost of lifting" will have come down. No one is suggesting these things will happen now - and your inability to see a hypothetical example for what it is shows how staggeringly little imagination you have.

    Right now, you are correct about satellites and tourism, but even in 1965 they were too expensive to be worhtwhile investments. Thankfully society progresses! (No thanks to the likes of you.)

    You don't need a shuttle to mine gold on Mars. But my point was more that one accident halts the government's space flight program entirely. It sets them back YEARS at a time. Imagine if they had an accident trying to land someone on Mars? How long it would be before they tried again?

    There isn't net profit NOW. So no one is going NOW. But in the future when there MAY be a profit, they MAY go then.

    And is it mere distraction? Simply mentioning something as a distraction (because you don't want to, or can't, refute it) doesn't make it so. The government does waste billions of dollars - it is in all the papers and is well documented (do a goolge search for "government waste").

  27. Re:Merry Christmas? by westyx · · Score: 1

    so you're going to rely on a pair of human eyes that may or may not be asleep at the time to view an object hundreds of kilometres away in space in an unknown direction at an unknown time to launch a counterstrike in a nuclear war?

    i *like* your style. say, you wouldn't be in charge of running the iraq theatre of operations for the united states army, would you?

  28. Embarrassment for the US by EzInKy · · Score: 2, Insightful

    It shouldn't have fallen on Russia, Europe, or even China to be the "space rescuers", it should have been the US. It is really sad how far America has backslid in space exploration since the '80s.

    --
    Time is what keeps everything from happening all at once.
    1. Re:Embarrassment for the US by sleepy_htk · · Score: 1

      I wouldn't see this as an embarrassment for the us as the ISS is an international space stations with many countries that take part in the project. I don't see why those shouldn't help out each other... ?

    2. Re:Embarrassment for the US by smchris · · Score: 1

      It's a coalition of the willing?

    3. Re:Embarrassment for the US by -kertrats- · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Yeah, you're a bit slow on the concept of 'international', aren't you. Too used to the US paying all the bills for the UN?

      --
      The Braying and Neighing of Barnyard Animals Follows.
    4. Re:Embarrassment for the US by justins · · Score: 1
      why? I mean if we can deliver it and you cannot, and otherwize you've got something, which we cannot deliver, why shouldn't help each other? Do you still think in therms of the Cold War?

      I can't speak for the above poster, but I think the comment isn't meant to be critical of Russia, but of the American space program. We have a much stronger economy than Russia but our space program has, in many practical ways, decayed even more than Russia's program since the cold war.

      That really *is* embarassing, and it's not a good thing at all, and it's a trend that ought to be reversed. I don't think pointing that out is anti-cooperation.
      --
      Now before I get modded down, I be to remind whoever might read this that what I am saying is FACT. - bogaboga
  29. Re:Why do you hate America so much? by obender · · Score: 1

    Where are those mod points when you need them?
    Mod parrent up +Funny.

  30. Well ... by moro_666 · · Score: 1

    This whole scandal just came up because mcdonalds decided to cut their running costs and close their SpaceDonalds, which would have supplied the spacemen .. ofcourse ...

    that wouldn't have been healthy but at least we wouldn't have to send up zillion dollar rockets to feed 2 astronauts ...

    --

    I'd tell you the chances of this story being a dupe, but you wouldn't like it.
  31. Re:Merry Christmas? by eugene_roux · · Score: 1
    Nope...

    More likely something like:

    Houston, you have a problem...
    --
    Part Time Philosopher, Oft Times Romantic, Full Time Unix Geek
  32. Re:Merry Christmas? by pe1chl · · Score: 1

    This is not going to work very well.
    Use one of those orbit tracking programs or websites and see for yourself how small the area of the earth is that is visible at one time from the space station.
    It will take 100 minutes to see a band-shaped area of the world, and several hours to see everything.

  33. Re:How about this? by dunkelfalke · · Score: 1

    making money? like printing dollar bills?

    ah, you mean they earn money. that is not money making, that is money redistributing.

    it is actually very easy to understand.

    imagine, i have 100 moneys. i buy a product of the company you described for, say, 50 moneys.
    now i have got 50 moneys less and the company one of their products less, but 50 moneys more.

    that is redistribution, nothing else. wealth cannot be created, only redistributed.

    --
    Conservatism: The fear that somewhere, somehow, someone you think is your inferior is being treated as your equal.
  34. One step at a time by ZeroReality · · Score: 1

    It was food mismanagement. They simple ate too much at each meal. We are not going to mars until we can get a working bio-dome.

  35. Iran by technomegalomaniac · · Score: 1

    When shuttles are grounded it would be only natural of NASA to give russians some money to build more Soyuzes and Progresses especially considering that they can do it on the cheap. But, no, Department of State said: evil Russkies are building a nuclear power plant in Iran, so NASA is prohibited from expanding the cooperation with Russia beyond the original ISS contract

  36. Re:How about this? by datastalker · · Score: 1

    This argument is ridiculous! If what you're saying were true, then we'd all only ever have the money we started out with in the 1500s!

    The company that you gave "50 moneys" to, in order to continue to get customers, will use your 50 moneys to improve their efficiency. (Why? If they don't, you'll buy from some other company that does - competition.) So if they can then offer their product for 45 moneys, when you get your next paycheck, if you buy their product again, you'll have 5 extra moneys. Wealth is created through competition - if it were only redistribution there would be a set amount of money in society and it would just go back and forth. But if that were the case it would be the same as if everyone just kept their money - why give it away if I'm just going to get the same thing back eventually?

  37. Re:How about this? by datastalker · · Score: 1

    Ah, now you are learning! See how futile it is to argue like this? (I have nothing better to do. ;) )

    However, if it weren't for examples, what fun could we have? ;)

  38. Re:How about this? by dunkelfalke · · Score: 1

    you are making a big mistake in assuming that money is something real and thus mixing wealth and money.

    in fact, money is virtual and stands for debt.
    when you work for your employer, he owes you a debt for your work. normally it would be some physical value but it is unpractical so he gives you money as a symbol for a physical value. first, the coins were of gold and silver and already had their physical value. later paper money were issued by a bank and this paper money stood for a fixed value in gold, silver, gems, whatever.

    now money in most countries is backed by absolutely nothing and is worthless (only that people are accepting it as if it had worth)

    the government can just print some more money to pay the bills.

    so, the argument isn't rediculous at all. there is already more money around than in 1500s because

    1) more bills are printed
    2) as money stands for debt, if there are more people there are more debt possibilities
    3) as money stands for debt, if there are more natural resources exploited, there are more debt possibilities

    imagine i find a gem. i pay some jewellier for making it nice and sell the gem for a large sum of moneys.
    i owe the jewellier a bit, the buyer of the gem owes me lot, and there is a gem less in the earth.

    the jewellier gets some of my virtual wealth (aka money), i get money from the buyer and he gets the gem. the money were redistrubuted from one pocket to another. no money were maid.

    the buyer has less money now but a real object instead. as long as people think that money has real value, i became more wealthy after selling the gem. but if a hyperinflation happens (and such has happened often enough) i would be the loser.

    this is oversimplified but backed by reality. during and after the collapse of the ussr and in the beginning of the 1990s the russian monetary system was collapsed and mostly barter was used.

    to your second argument:

    this only works in a complete competition markets. well, i've got news for you. complete competition is wishful thinking. it rarely happens in the reality. and wealth is really just redistributed but not exactly back and forth.

    he who posesses much wealth would just accumulate more and more of it, if nothing extraordinary happens.
    he who posesses very little wealth would just lose and lose even more, as long nothing extraordinary happens.
    only in the "middle class" wealth is redistributed more or less back and forth but the "middle class" erodes.

    anyway, it is not possible to just seat on the wealth because people would starve in that case. either you take the wealth of others by force or you must give the others a bit of your wealth to receive theirs.

    --
    Conservatism: The fear that somewhere, somehow, someone you think is your inferior is being treated as your equal.
  39. Re:How about this? by datastalker · · Score: 1

    Money is only as real as we make it.

    You're right about it standing for debt - that's the case today. However, money is supposed to be redeemable for something. If you have it, you should be able to get something for it, even in the abstract - you can't get a "debt".

    But that's the way it is today - it represents debt. Aside from the fallaciousness of basing our money on an abstraction instead of something real, let's look at your arguments.

    1) If you have 100 dollar bills, and they are each worth 1 dollar of debt, and then the government prints ten more dollar bills, you say that the amount of debt increases to match the government's printing. If that were true, that means that ten dollars of debt was just created by the government. You've just argued that the government creates debt by printing money, which I would completely agree with. However, if you look at the corollary to your own argument, it means that the government would stop creating debt if it stopped printing money!

    2) You assume that population will always grow. While that may be the case (especially in the US), it ignores the fact that it may not always be the case, and such situations as China where population is strictly controlled and where an increase in population (according to the Chinese) is highly undesirable.

    3) Natural resources are finite. No matter how much you'd like to think otherwise, there's only so much gold, oil, etc. in the earth. That defines scarcity.

    To use your gem example - if you do find a gem, that is one less that someone else can find. (Granted, the earth makes new ones, but that can take hundreds, thousands, or millions of years.) The reason the person who buys your gem (after it is made nice by the jeweller) is because that gem is rare - they are willing to part with their money in exchange for the gem. They consider owning something rare a greater advantage than holding on to the money they would have otherwise had.

    You then talk about hyperinflation - which is what happens when the government prints more money. Since your own argument shows that the government creates more debt by printing more money, it would seem to me that you've just contradicted yourself.

    Oh, and using the USSR is a bad example. The USSR's money system collapsed in the 1990s because communism failed, and the state (on which that monetary system was based) could no longer support the people as it said it would. It was the rought transition from communism to quasi-capitalism that plagued the USSR then, but things are improving for them (slowly).

    You argument about possessing wealth and it growing and growing if he does nothing with it falls by your own argument that the government printing money causes more debt.

    The next argument is very true, for the same reason.

    Your next argument about the middle class is partly true - it does erode, but for the same reason as above.

    This last part ignores the very basics of what a market economy is all about (even a government regulated one as we currently have), so I suggest you read up on economics.

  40. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth"Nose? What no by datastalker · · Score: 1

    "Their manned space flight program has produced little of value in recent years anyway."

    I think that just about says it all. A government program has produced little of value in recent years anyway. If that's the case then NASA's budget should be reduced in the are of manned space flight. But the government hasn't done that. Furthermore, it should be increased in robotic exploration, since we agree that that has become more valuable, but it has only occurred very minimally.

    Well, I'm sorry you don't wish to live in a world of imagination. It's imagination that allows people to think of ways to make things better. Only looking at the static NOW provides no incentives for future examinations, and there's no fun in anything! It is human imagination which propels us, and makes us better, and I'm sorry you choose not to engage yours. After all, someone once imagined Slashdot, and that's provided us this forum to engage each other.

  41. Re:How about this? by dunkelfalke · · Score: 1

    economics are very theoretical. reality often differs from the theory.

    the people have their basic needs first.

    --
    Conservatism: The fear that somewhere, somehow, someone you think is your inferior is being treated as your equal.
  42. Re:Merry Christmas? by benna · · Score: 1

    The human race.

    --
    "It is not how things are in the world that is mystical, but that it exists." -Ludwig Wittgenstein
  43. Re:Merry Christmas? by downhole · · Score: 1

    A massive missile launch would probably be over the north pole. What orbit is the ISS in again where they can see the north pole well? At best, they'd get a good look once every hour or two.

    And why do they want to rely on Human eyes, anyways? Radar is more reliable and accurate - you can get a count of the missiles, determine their course, where they were launched from, and where they will hit.

    --
    I don't reply to ACs
  44. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth"Nose? What no by datastalker · · Score: 1

    Yes, but in 1960, landing on the moon was something *imaginary* - it took almost ten years to actually become a reality.

    In 2005, asteroid mining is imaginary - but what I was saying is that it is likely imaginary now in the same way the moon landing was in 1960. As technology advances, the "imaginary" becomes reality. That will happen again - it's just a matter of time.

    Someone did create Slashdot. Someone did create NASA. The difference is that Slashdot has a business model and a method for generating income, so it will likely stick around; NASA has a bureaucracy which you yourself have admitted "hasn't done much in manned flight lately". (Granted, it has in robotic flight.)

    I'll take what free enterprise might provide someday over what the government provides now. To me, that's the possibility of something, versus my money being stolen!

    As of yet, all you've done throughout this whole argument is say that my arguments are negative or bad. That may or may not be - I provide examples and logic though! You have not done that! You just say that my arguments are bad, but provide none of your own.

    Since you are incapable of defending your position, and I have given you ample opportunity to do so, I must conclude that your position, by your own lack of logic and example, is untenable. Since you have provided no examples of your own (real or imaginary!), you can not defend your own position, and therefore, by default, I am forced to conclude that your position in the argument is invalid.

  45. Re:"Government doesn't create wealth"Nose? What no by Duhavid · · Score: 1

    *So as a society, it is therefore safest to assume that each person knows what is best for him or herself.*

    Knows and does are two things, usually.

    Two examples:

    1: We often "know" that not smoking or losing weight are "best" for us. But how often, as a society, do we do this? Also, isnt it "best" for a rich person to not have such poverty around him/her that those without would kill him to take it?

    2: Enron/Worldcom. Was it "best" for these people to take the actions they did? Demonstratably, the answer is no, it seems to have landed them without a company to make money from, and possibly, with some sactions.

    Communism failed because it did not take into account the fundamental drives of the people that constitute the economy. It is my belief that pure, unregulated capitalism would fail for the same basic reason, failing to take into account the people's fundamental drives.

    --
    emt 377 emt 4