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Another NASA Hacker Indicted
eldavojohn writes "Earlier this year, UK citizen & hacker of NASA Gary KcKinnon was extradited to the United States (also interviewed twice). Now, another hacker has been indicted for hacking more than 150 U.S. government computers. Victor Faur, 26, of Arad, Romania claims to have led a 'white hat team' to expose flaws in U.S. government computers. It seems everyone else has been busy hacking into government systems while I've been wasting my time playing Warcraft." From the article: "The breached computers were used to collect and process data from spacecraft. Because of the break-ins, systems had to be rebuilt and scientists and engineers had to manually communicate with spacecraft, resulting in $1.36 million in losses for NASA and nearly $100,000 in losses for the Energy Department and the Navy, prosecutors said. Several suspected NASA hackers have been dealing with law enforcement recently."
If a system is that important, and only has a single task, such as communicating with a spacecraft, why would it be accessible from outside sources?
Why bring the monetary damage (I'd be interested to see how it was calculated in the first place) into the equation at all? These are trifling amounts of money on the scale of government spending. 100k from the Navy and US Department of Energy? Yeah I'm sure they're feeling the 'loss'. Hacking into government systems should be enough of a crime without throwing this wacky money figure into it all.
...all that money spent on server security...
Because of the break-ins, systems had to be rebuilt and scientists and engineers had to manually communicate with spacecraft, resulting in $1.36 million in losses for NASA and nearly $100,000 in losses for the Energy Department and the Navy, prosecutors said.
I smell a false inflation of damages, much like Motorola in the Mitnick case.
If you ever went to the websites that this "Victor" character hosted their "hacks" on you could see what kind of geniuses they were. The "White Hat Team" as they called themselves were/are a bunch of clueless script kiddies. They would host their website (www.whitehat.ro) on hacked servers, so it would frequently go down and be reuploaded elsewhere. They flat out told you this on their ugly poorly designed webpage. On top of that they had tons of screen shots of various systems they compromised accounts on (and sometimes gained root). It was fully of typos, bad commands, and just other terribly embarassing things.
Honestly, I feel bad for this guy (and probably the rest of the team when they're indicted), not because he's been arrested, but because he is such a moron! Hackers... not at all. White hats.. nope (about as smart as the Ironic on). Morons..yes.
The hackers didn't actually break in though, they merely sandboxed a comp in an underground bunker in new mexico...
If you can read this, it's already too late.
Because of the break-ins, systems had to be rebuilt and scientists and engineers had to manually communicate with spacecraft
I can just see one of the guys standing outside NASA JSC yelling up at the sky, "How Ya'll doin up there?"
I guess we'll never find out about the people who have successfully hacked into NASA and avoided legal indictment to tell the tale of how they did it. It's kind of like the winning the Olympic Gold Medal of Hackerdom no? Hack into NASA, get indicted by the FBI, you win teh intarweb.
The government has a way of inflating values on damage like this to make the charges more than what they should be. I think punishment is definitely called for and the investigation should add up damages but needs to do so in a manner that makes them more responsible for their findings. Instead of tossing out a "guess-timate", they should not give a quote without all the facts present.
grand gravey
was it 2, 3 or wow?
of glorifying such stunts and of the FBI refusing to even consider something for which there isn't at least $25,000 worth of damages.
Glorifying such fool pranks I would consider the same as glorifying cutting brake lines on school buses. Really quite funny when the bus driver tries to stop. How could it possibly hurt anyone because any bus driver is going to notice what is wrong long before the first child sets foot on the bus. Right. Keep thinking that way. Of course, what these folks did was just for fun and it didn't really hurt anyone, now did it?
The FBI putting a dollar floor on damages ensures that nothing is ever done when these kids do something minor. Rather than someone identifying them and giving them a warning nothing happens. When you were 16 if you were never, ever caught shoplifting would your escapades advance to other, higher-price objects? Of course. Which is exactly what is happening here.
ISPs refuse to identify or even forward communication from people complaining about attacks. So your only choices are to either wait for $25,000 in damages to bring in the FBI (who is the only possible law enforcement agency with jursidiction) or you decide to spend lots of your own money to file suit against some 16 year olds to "teach them a lesson". Of course, you end up with the "lesson" because they will be laughing at you when you find out you can't sue a kid in Romainia.
Read Bruce Sterling's "The Hacker Crackdown" for how these spurious figures are calculated. The examples are old but so is the mindset behind this. The author has put the entire book online.
Is that like giving hand signals to V'ger?
Do not try to read the dupe, thats impossible. Instead, only try to realize the truth
What truth?
There is no dupe
I agree with hacking into US goverment machines. I have no plans of spending the next 10 years in a federal prison or Gitmo for that matter. But, who is then responsible for testing the security of our critical systems? Is that no our duty as programming and security professionals? Please explain to me why such machines were connected to the internet again? That's like walking outside the door in the morning without a pair of pants.
my mom posts on slashdot.
Keep in mind that these guys did 150 computers, the NASA problems were only NASA's reports of their 'hacking.' It could be that he was part of a team that was trying everything to get at government computers (pretexting/social engineering, hacking, you name it) and that this guy was the only one who actually physically went to a facility and illegally accessed data. I think if you're smart enough to hack into a NASA system, you should be smart enough to cover your tracks--so maybe this guy just waltzed in and presented real ID but just lied about who he was or representing?
So before you call NASA stupid for leaving those computers connected to the internet, I would wait until you find out what they're actually accusing this guy of--it could be another case as with Gary McKinnon where the person wasn't some steller computer genius, he was just really good at gaining trust from people and lying his way into facilities.
My work here is dung.
Tell me they didn't get into the Gibsons?
I`m from Arad, and I know a friend who knows a friend who knew that guy(no joke). He used hang aroung irc channels(nickname SirVic) ddosing anything he could, he probably had no ideea he hacked NASA, ./scan, install rootkit and psybnc, and that`s it, just a stupid script kiddie cracker.
Sadly, almost any news involving Romania are mostly about phishers, skiddies and crackers...I hate my country.
That these three have been caught is almost incidental, when you consider the probability that there are possibly several orders of magnitude more people who have not. Those who have been were not doing anything significant, except insofar that it was possible to do at all. Nobody - least of all NASA - knows what those who have NOT been caught are doing. We're constantly being reminded about how dangerous the world is and how important it is to track kitty litter as it comes into the country. Assuming the claims have any merit at all, I'd be just a little more concerned with what the Government itself is openly, passively and willingly handing out to whoever asks out there in that "dangerous world". If it's so bloody dangerous, shouldn't the Government be doing at least the very basic minimum?
(If, however, the real reason is that NASA isn't doing anything mission-critical and that all information it has has no value whatsoever, then just shut the bloody thing down and put the money into education. I think NASA is worthwhile, but then I'd have kicked their security into shape within the first five minutes of having the authority to do so. They aren't, so they clearly don't.)
It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
Because of the break-ins, systems had to be rebuilt and scientists and engineers had to manually communicate with spacecraft...
.sig here"
Did they use an a hitchhiker style Sub-Etha Sens-O-Matic electronic thumb or just a towel?
Dequeue
"Insert witty
they are frightened to death of them that they might reveal information that nasa and co are able to hide from the public by getting scientists sign dreadful national security oath papers.
Read radical news here
Instead of tossing out a "guess-timate", they should not give a quote without all the facts present.
If the government claims $1.36M + $100k in damage done, they have to submit evidence to the court as to why and how they came up with those numbers. Much of the reason cases involving economic damage take so long is that the discovery phase of the trial, when all of this information gets unearthed and shared among plaintiff and defendant, takes a lot of depositions, requests for information, requests for further information, and so on. You'd better believe that *if* the US successfully gets him extradited to the United States, his attorney will be issuing subpoenas for proof of those numbers. If the government can't substantiate them, it won't fly with the judge.
Read the EFF's Fair Use FAQ
NASA = $18 billion in corporate welfare for aerospace companies and bureaucrats. A few million more is pocket change. Personally, I'd rather see the FBI spend its time catching terrorists and spies and leave the chasing of Romanian teenage script kiddies to someone else.
I just hacked my way into the Bank of America, just to test its security. The fact that I managed to dowload millions of user account files with sensitive personal information I could sell to unscrupulous characters is *totally* beside the point of my wholly beneficial White Hat Crusade.
Next week, I'll be mounting a White Hat Mission to test the security of Apple's online ordering system. If a few dozen dual core machines find their way to my house, it's a sacrifice I must make for the greater good!
Read the EFF's Fair Use FAQ
Pfft, hacking government systems are the SS/Evis - 2 button "I Win" rogues of hacking.
Everyone knows all you do is type in login: admin and no password to get root access to every branch of the US.
If you want a real challenge, try identifying and hacking other hackers computers.
Honestly the US is a joke - my boss asked me to do background checks on new employees to check for criminal records (doesn't bar employment) and red flags, so I logged into the NSA's highest admin (again, l/p = admin/(blank)). Ok so that's not true, they probably changed the password to "God" since then.
I can believe that. You'd almost certainly look like a black hat trying to describe flaws in such systems.
||| I still can't believe Parkay's not butter.
its hardly Hackling when the PW is merely 'joe' !
true story, an admin on a FL NASA mainframe was merely 'joe'
i hardly call guessing THAT as hacking!!!
nasa should be shut down.
its incompetent deadwood oldtimers and young minority forced hire ethnics and forced-hire females. Universally all poorly skilled with high tech in my opinion.
(I am telling the truth)
... about the government's chronic security problems? I don't care whether or not what this guy did was illegal; He shouldn't have been able to do that much damage. Was this attack not in the government's list of screenplays?
http://outcampaign.org/
...if you can't do the time, don't do the crime. And "if you can't pay the fine, don't do the crime" works too.
Most people seem to be bringing up the lack of security on NASA systems or the inflated monetary loss estimates. Totally irrelevant. If I secure my house with a 100 year old skeleton key lock and also place a big sign in front of the house that says "Door key under welcome mat, $100,000 US in freezer behind ground beef", I may be stupid but that still does not give you the right to enter my house without my permission.
I want a new quote. One that won't spill. One that don't cost too much. Or come in a pill.
Comment removed based on user account deletion
> Universally all poorly skilled with high tech in my opinion.
Apologies to Ron White, but could you please tell me how that is true if they are fairly consistently able to launch a manned vehicle into outer-fucking-space? And land it back on Earth, too? I hear about NASA's supposed incompetence from sideliners like you all the time. Explain how they still manage to launch shuttles and Mars missions.
Do you really think implementing a good password policy requires the same level of skill as hurling a hundred tons into the air on the back of a massive controlled explosion?
Maybe the real engineers and scientists have more important things to worry about. Maybe a real software engineer needs to make secure authentication/authorization easy enough so that end users will actually care to use it properly. Now, there's a problem that requires real skill, but you're obviously just going to sit back and laugh at your flawed perception of their incompetence instead of designing a solution.
Rocket scientists should only have to worry about rocket science, and their efforts will tend to lean towards rockets, not passwords. While you sit around trying to secure your Gentoo box with the latest ebuild in the portage snapshot that enables WHIRLPOOL password hashing, there are people at NASA thinking about how to defend Earth from asteroid impacts. The IT department should worry about their user authentication methods, not them.
Maybe NASA needs a new IT department, but I think we can keep the rest of the departments for now.
Your Honor:
This kid broke into my house and stole a six pack of beer, but now I don't feel safe in my house anymore, so for actual damages I am including the cost of a house in a lower crime area with private security guards. The kid's dad originally bought the beer so I didn't include the cost of the beer in the total.
Yep, having set up a red net, the very FIRST thing you do is pull the plug on the internet.
Fascism starts when the efficiency of the government becomes more important than the rights of the people.
The Department of Homeland Security has spent millions (some reports have it as high as 100 million) to build a database that will share terror information. So far they have nothing that even works in a Beta state much less a working program. And we're supposed to be shocked that these folks can be hacked. I read an article about it on http://www.adamswickle.com/
I swear, I thought pigeons could re-enter....
Can someone please explain to me how they would manually communicate with a spacecraft, as opposed to using a computer system? What is the difference?
- Aetheral Research -
http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/101
The joke's on them. They're going to jail, and you've got all the epics!
Game... blouses.
I saw this in the mainstream media about 4-5 days ago. Frankly, I assumed that this article refered to a different person. WD, guys.
The romanian kid is obviously a script kiddie and obviously he deserves some kind of punishment.
Another crime is commited here though, which is denying this kid a fair trial.
The previous case with the UK script kiddie was indication enough that things are terribly wrong. The FBI is banking on the general public's unawareness on computers. That Gary guy accessed some US govt. server with a default windows password or something like that, was it? Yeah fitting punishment of life in prison NOT. The FBI throws around ridicioulus numbers as to justify the harsher penalties, but the truth is, the guy is responsible for very little damage, even though the system had to be reinstalled etc, BECAUSE the system was so insecure in the first place that it should have been replaced in the first place! The wast majority of the costs are the due to their own stupidity. The equivalent case would be a car crashing into a skyscraper and the skyscraper collapsing. Yeah, sure the driver is at fault for driving badly, but he's no way responsible for the collapse of the skyscraper in any sense except direct physical!
The amount of damages is seriously overinflated aswell, others have pointed to Bruce Schneier about it. You can't claim millions of dollars of damages when "you" (the FBI) went around and handled the whole thing the wrong way! Yeah, I might expect a citizen not to have a clue about computers and buy these stories, but the FBI has a responsibility not to talk out of its ass.
Similarly, in this new case, damages are overinflated and, yeah the kid broke into the system, but the one who caused the damages which caused problems at NASA is the idiotic MORON who designed the system in the first place. These stupid hacker stories are designer/maintainer problems and the FBI should damn well recognize this, because they have the technical expertise in order to do so.
But they are not doing this. In light of this I'm a pretty serious proponent in urging the non-US countries of the world of suspending ALL extradiction treaties (which should have happened right after Guantanamo rights abuses went public) with the USA until we can be sure that justice is served, not some scaremongering directed at the domestic public of the USA.
It has to be mentioned that I'm pretty pissed about it, since it sort of hits home. Arad, where the guy is from is a historical hungarian town which now belongs to Romania. There is a good possibility that this guy has hungarian origins and as a hungarian I'm
a.) scared about the bullying the USA comes up with
b.) even if the guy extradited is an obvious moron. I would think he'd deserve something in the amount of 2 years probation judging by the cases I'm familiar with, not extradition to a foreign country and dumped in a pound-my-ass prison for life. The USA prison conditions are despicable, but that's another story.
It takes a man to suffer ignorance and smile
Be yourself no matter what they say
I've worked both private and public research before, the reason that you can keep your network private, is because most privateers can simply buy government sponsored research that suits them, have it paid for by the government, and later have the results they bought "classified" as "top secret" or "of national security interest".
I've been there, i've seen that, done that, got tshirt and beer mug... They're just crucifying kids, because inquisitive minds, for better or worse, when coupled with direct action (they didn't wait for 20 years for anyone's approval) scare the crap out of the dictatorial regimes of the world, our dear old US included.
"In a democracy, you vote first, and take orders later, in a dictatorship, they spare you the trouble of choosing your tyrants and th wasted energy used up voting." ~unknown
" What luck for rulers that men do not think" - Adolf Hitler
It's simple -- you just don't hack government computers. Way too much trouble when you get caught for that. Everybody knows that.
At least everybody *should* take note of that.
1. Calling in and paying the IT guys. Assuming its not covered by insurance/protection plan/special contract, you're looking at thousands of dollars worth of fees right there. NASA doesn't exactly run on closet full of servers converted from unused PCs that can be wiped on a whim just because a hacker got in.
2. Downtime. Whats that? Your staff of hundreds/thousands of researchers across the globe can't do their work because the system is down? Too bad! You still have to pay them even though they're sitting on their asses clicking the refresh button on their browser so that easily costs a couple hundred thousand there.
3. The inevitable "WTF NASA?! Upgrade your computer systems so this will never happen again even though it'll cost millions and take months to complete!" outcry. Just look at the reaction from /. to get an idea of how loud it'll be once the mainstream media picks up on this.
Don't go there, its a trap to catch the hackers!1!one!eleven!
Infinite time means everything that can happen, will. You being you is absolutely incidental. You do not exist.
Very insightful
Because NASA didn't secure their computer properly and have to do it again (costing some money) they are going to have some teenager take the blame..!?
:P
The whole internet is based on getting information from systems, and if NASA is providing this information its their fault...
My blog: http://www.redcode.nl
I think most of the scientific data available from our space program should be immediately available to the public anyway! Now, is this just read access, or is somebody able to ruin the data?
rhY
I hold very few opinions. I hold information based on observation and fact. If you wish to disagree, please use facts.
ALL IT managers sign off risk assessments. In this day and age, people know what they must do to protect assets , including viable backups. Otherwise you have contributory negligence, and the manager in charge should be fired.
Chances are, that the security configuration database is crap, and there are cowboys plugging in stuff left right and centre, and doing their stuff minus change control. Someone buckled, and gave out the admin password, with a free pass to the server room, to some hotshot who can do things fast (minus certain checks and balances), proves he/she is a 'doer'.
This indicates a systemic failure in security processes, and some 'yes' toadies that undermine security. If the culprits supeona the right information, one expects the embarrasment will case whatever suit to fold straightaway, especially as it may have long been compromised well before something else was noticed.
If that wasn't all that was done, would this person be responsible for leaving the hole open? Because it would be spun that that was what the hacker was doing: giving them false information.
Wouldn't it be better to leave a message "your security sucks dude" and let them look for the ways in which is was hacked?
Alternatively, they could pay the hacker some dosh to tell them how their security was hacked. Unlikely to be taken up on given the US's attitude: it is likely that they'll use that either to get you in to the country (and thence to Gitmo) or prove that you are blackmailing them.
From the hackers point of view, there is no upside.
From the hacked there is a small upside but again, given their identity, it won't be used positively.
He is a Romanian citizen and it's very unlikely that he will be extradited. Romania does have a extradition convention with the US from 1924, which become valid by the Constitution change in 2003 (before that no Romanian citizen could have been extradited by the Constitution). However, the list of crimes that this convention covers does not include breaking into computer systems (it was signed in 1924 so it's quite normal). And this would not be the first time when these kind of things happen, there were other cases when the US authorities needed to give up. -- Link to an article about this in Romanian
If he is found guilty in Romania he risks several years in jail. Romanian laws are quite mild, in particular against this types of violations (compared to the absurd ones in the US). He didn't kill anybody, so 54 years in jail would be more than the maximum you can get in Romania for murder (25 years).
If you don't fail at least 90 percent of the time, you're not aiming high enough. (Alan Kay)
Damn, I didn't know that Gary got extradited in the end, I've been following the case since '02/'03 -- but completely forgot about it over the past couple of months. eek!
"Because of the break-ins, systems had to be rebuilt and scientists and engineers had to manually communicate with spacecraft, resulting in $1.36 million in losses for NASA and nearly $100,000 in losses for the Energy Department and the Navy, prosecutors said."
This is B.S logic. If I don't have proper locks on my house and someone breaks in, do I blame the thief for my having to purchase locks for my house post break-in.
If the systems were secured to begin with, this would not be an issue.
:(){
It is also likely to see you in jail for murder 1.
Unless, knowing you're a nut, I take an assault rifle in with me and kill you first. After that, you have NO possessions. I may not get to keep them either, but only because other people with guns will take them off me.
Hey, cool, flamewar everybody, let's fight WWI + WWII all over again!
Way to go Slashdot.
The power of accurate observation is commonly called cynicism by those who have not got it. -- G.B. Shaw
Depeche Mode GP!
I guess I was being careless in underestimating the nationalism. If I would have known that some romanians will completely ignore what my post was about and nitpick on stupid nationalistic details then I'd have just omitted writing down that sentence.
It's way off topic here and I generally refuse to get involved in petty squabbles. I don't care about nations or countries or borders, but about humans and I would have thought europeans would have gotten tired with the infighting.
It takes a man to suffer ignorance and smile
Be yourself no matter what they say
it's not rocket science...
Serenity now, insanity later.
aaaaAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAH!! I work for NASA and it was my computer that was hacked into! EAT SHIT IN JAIL YOU LITTLE BASTARD! He didnt do anything useful or glamorous. The computer was a rack-mount low-atmosphere (expensive) aircraft computer eventually to be used for radar data processing. One day i came to work and the machine was gone and my PI said that the computer had been hacked and the network security people had come and taken it. We got it back eventually but it put our project behind schedule by a month as the computer had an expensive reciever card plugged into it which i needed to continue development. It must be the same guy im assuming because it happened at the same time and the ip was in eastern europe and i know our network folks and they yack about intrusions n gossip n things and i havnt heard about anything since then. GUESS WHAT ASSHOLE WE TOASTED YOUR GANG-RAPE FATE OVER BEERS AT THE CHIPOTLE IN GREENBELT FRIDAY YA DICKWAD HAHAAHAH!! WHY DONCHA WRITE A HAx0R MANIFESTO ON SOME TOILET PAPER YOU FUCKING CLOWN!! Funny funny FUNNY!! hellOOo anonymous posting! :D
The follow is the snipper which the OP mentioned to see how they come up with these ridiciolous ammounts. Its with regards to a stolen document from one of the Telco's, which was later found to be available from any local library.
-------------
The E911 Document was also proving a weak reed. It had originally been valued at $79,449. Unlike Shadowhawk's arcane Artificial Intelligence booty, the E911 Document was not software -- it was written in English. Computer-knowledgeable people found this value -- for a twelve-page bureaucratic document -- frankly incredible. In his "Crime and Puzzlement" manifesto for EFF, Barlow commented: "We will probably never know how this figure was reached or by whom, though I like to imagine an appraisal team consisting of Franz Kafka, Joseph Heller, and Thomas Pynchon."
As it happened, Barlow was unduly pessimistic. The EFF did, in fact, eventually discover exactly how this figure was reached, and by whom -- but only in 1991, long after the Neidorf trial was over.
Kim Megahee, a Southern Bell security manager, had arrived at the document's value by simply adding up the "costs associated with the production" of the E911 Document. Those "costs" were as follows:
1. A technical writer had been hired to research and write the E911 Document. 200 hours of work, at $35 an hour, cost : $7,000. A Project Manager had overseen the technical writer. 200 hours, at $31 an hour, made: $6,200.
2. A week of typing had cost $721 dollars. A week of formatting had cost $721. A week of graphics formatting had cost $742.
3. Two days of editing cost $367.
4. A box of order labels cost five dollars.
5. Preparing a purchase order for the Document, including typing and the obtaining of an authorizing signature from within the BellSouth bureaucracy, cost $129.
6. Printing cost $313. Mailing the Document to fifty people took fifty hours by a clerk, and cost $858.
7. Placing the Document in an index took two clerks an hour each, totalling $43.
Bureaucratic overhead alone, therefore, was alleged to have cost a whopping $17,099. According to Mr. Megahee, the typing of a twelvepage document had taken a full week. Writing it had taken five weeks, including an overseer who apparently did nothing else but watch the author for five weeks. Editing twelve pages had taken two days. Printing and mailing an electronic document (which was already available on the Southern Bell Data Network to any telco employee who needed it), had cost over a thousand dollars.
But this was just the beginning. There were also the *hardware expenses.* Eight hundred fifty dollars for a VT220 computer monitor. *Thirty-one thousand dollars* for a sophisticated VAXstation II computer. Six thousand dollars for a computer printer. *Twenty-two thousand dollars* for a copy of "Interleaf" software. Two thousand five hundred dollars for VMS software. All this to create the twelve-page Document.
Plus ten percent of the cost of the software and the hardware, for maintenance. (Actually, the ten percent maintenance costs, though mentioned, had been left off the final $79,449 total, apparently through a merciful oversight).
The magical number is: 09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0
A while back I was working for a large financial institution as a security consultant. They asked me to prove my abilities by breaking into a well known site and proving I did it. I told then that I knew the owner of a large site and could get permission to try. They abviously weren't satisfied with my approach, and they layed me off and hired a "real hacker". Later they called my wife and told her that they had made a mistake, and sholdn't have gone anywhere near one. In the long run, you make decisions about what you will do and what you won't. If you are a person of character, people do notice. Although I appreared to get the small end of the stick in this deal, my reputation with Fair Isaac remains that I am an honest software engineer who wouldn't cross the line. They had been showing great trust in me for quite some time as I had been hosting their domain and email gateway from the Internet to usenet at my business for over a year. I am really tired of hackers getting jobs with prominent agencies. They are not the cream of the crop, they are the scum on top.
It sounds like it's easier than thought to hack into government agencies if there are so many people being indicted for it.
Peace is not the absence of trouble but the presence of God.
Or you could dial 1-800-ruskisushi and have it delivered with extra pollonium 210 ontop
I guarantee that no hacker broke into the NASA computers, did anything malicious, or harmful. No hacker was ever indited. Based in literarymagic.com/d/hacker NOT ONE HACKER ever DID ANYTHING WRONG. They all were evil crackers.