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Data Storing Bacteria Could Last Millennia

PetManimal writes "Computerworld has a story about a new technology developed by Keio University researchers that creates artificial bacterial DNA that can carry more than 100 bits of data within the genome sequence. The researchers claimed that they encoded "e= mc2 1905!" on the common soil bacteria, Bacillius subtilis. The bacteria-based data storage method has backup and long-term archival functionality." The researchers say "While the technology would most likely first be used to track medication, it could also be used to store text and images for many millennia, thwarting the longevity issues associated with today's disk and tape storage systems ... The artificial DNA that carries the data to be preserved makes multiple copies of the DNA and inserts the original as well as identical copies into the bacterial genome sequence. The multiple copies work as backup files to counteract natural degradation of the preserved data, according to the newswire. Bacteria have particularly compact DNA, which is passed down from generation to generation. The information stored in that DNA can also be passed on for long-term preservation of large data files."

252 comments

  1. A Must by kraemate · · Score: 2, Insightful

    We *will* need a Beowulf cluster of these, seriously.

    1. Re:A Must by nmb3000 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      You mean a Biowolf cluster.

      Talk about an interesting way to sneak information out of a company/country... transcribe it into the DNA of an infectious bacteria or virus, and then infect yourself with it. You walk out the door with a sniffle and 10 million dollars worth in classified secrets.

      "New company policy is no isolinear chips, holocubes, or antiquated 'flash' drives on the campus. Additionally, all employees must submit to a biological cleansing and surrender their belongings for baryon sweeping before leaving the building."

      At least they might cure the common cold as I side effect to preventing data theft.

      --
      "What do you despise? By this are you truly known." --Princess Irulan, Manual of Muad'Dib
      /)
    2. Re:A Must by bmo · · Score: 2, Interesting

      "You mean a Biowolf cluster.

      Talk about an interesting way to sneak information out of a company/country... transcribe it into the DNA of an infectious bacteria or virus, and then infect yourself with it. You walk out the door with a sniffle and 10 million dollars worth in classified secrets."

      Vergil I. Ulam did this in Greg Bear's "Blood Music"

      It brought about the end of the world.

      Read it. Really good. Trust me.

      *bmo goes out to buy sunlamps*

      --
      BMO

    3. Re:A Must by MrManny · · Score: 1

      Without having read more than a few keywords - let alone TFA -, bacteria should be self-reproducing. So it basically has RAID and mirroring features builtin by design! *gasp!* So data should reproduce even faster than "My nude girlfriend 006.jpg"! Try to beat that!

    4. Re:A Must by MarkRose · · Score: 4, Funny

      Just be careful where you leave your files around. Imagine:

      Friend #1: "Dude, I was hungry, so I helped myself to your yogurt."

      Friend #2: "Dude, you just ate my porn collection!"

      --
      Be relentless!
    5. Re:A Must by nickrout · · Score: 1

      But does it run linux?

    6. Re:A Must by glittalogik · · Score: 1

      Linux doesn't need backups, silly!

      *runs*

    7. Re:A Must by kraemate · · Score: 1

      Would've been better had it been 'Beowulf colony' instead of Beowulf cluster.

    8. Re:A Must by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That wasn't yougurt.

    9. Re:A Must by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      Can do that already with over the counter gear.

      Sony has an incredibly thin and small USB drive (Micro Vault), a simple knife cut in a tennis shoe or removing the insole in your loafers give you the spot to put it. smuggle in, copy, smuggle out easily. Incredibly effective against the $8.00 an hour security these companies hire. (CEO get's $1,000 an hour and really does nothing, Security gets $8.00 and is the frontline defense for the company... the management is stupid.)

      Dont need bacteria I can smuggle easily and undetected.

      Problem is when you have a bacteria storage system and find that nobody has fed the storage system for a few months. DAMMIT IT DIED!

    10. Re:A Must by sci-fe · · Score: 1

      animated gif stored in bacteria http//www.polycinease.com

  2. Shareware by Harmonious+Botch · · Score: 4, Funny

    This is the ultimate distribution system for OSS. New distros are released every flu season.
    It's also not a bad way to distribute movies. Let the RIAA sue a bunch of bugs for file sharing.
    And windows could be distibuted on anthrax bacteria, so users would learn to be appropriately wary.

    1. Re:Shareware by Walt+Dismal · · Score: 2, Funny
      I, for one, salute our new DNA-encoded file-bearing bacterial overlords!

      And note that I will happily download BacteriaTorrent as soon as I can be sure I only get movies and not some awful flesh-eating disease that makes me look like an RIAA executive, or maybe Jack Thompson.

    2. Re:Shareware by chris_eineke · · Score: 2, Funny

      New distros are released every flu season.

      That would explain AOL CDs.
      --
      "All you have to do is be fragile and grateful. So stay the underdog." Chuck Palahniuk, Choke
    3. Re:Shareware by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      As a side benefit, the software evolves on its own once released.

      Of course, it evolves to benefit its host species' reproduction. I'm not exactly sure what implications that would have for a word processor.

    4. Re:Shareware by Shadow+Wrought · · Score: 3, Funny

      The best part is, since bacteria never evolve, their DNA will remain unchanged forever;-)

      --
      If brevity is the soul of wit, then how does one explain Twitter?
    5. Re:Shareware by thestudio_bob · · Score: 1

      I, for one, welcome our new data storing bacteria overlords. -There is no spork.

      --
      The real Sig captains the Northwestern. This one captains /.
    6. Re:Shareware by stefanlasiewski · · Score: 1

      You be sued for patent violations when your DNA mutates.

      --
      "Can of worms? The can is open... the worms are everywhere."
    7. Re:Shareware by stefanlasiewski · · Score: 1

      Arg.

      "You _will_ be sued..."

      --
      "Can of worms? The can is open... the worms are everywhere."
    8. Re:Shareware by markbt73 · · Score: 2, Funny

      Gives a whole new meaning to "viral marketing," doesn't it?

      --
      "Oh boy! Are we going to try something dangerous?"
  3. OMG MyDOOM! by adam.dorsey · · Score: 0

    This really gives new meaning to the term "computer virus."

    --
    You are still innocent until proven guilty. What's changed is what they do to innocent people. - notnAP, #26891325
    1. Re:OMG MyDOOM! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This really gives new meaning to the term "computer virus."
      This means that eventually, the only people left on earth will be the Linux and Mac folks.
    2. Re:OMG MyDOOM! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That doesn't happen until we can make the data executable!

    3. Re:OMG MyDOOM! by Anomolous+Cowturd · · Score: 1

      And one generation later, only Mac folks.

      --
      Software patents delenda est.
    4. Re:OMG MyDOOM! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Will the Mac folks finally discover the secret to homosexual reproduction?

      Sorry...

  4. Longevity Issues by susano_otter · · Score: 1

    longevity issues associated with today's disk and tape storage systems .

    What about the longevity issues associated with the readers?
    --

    Any sufficiently well-organized community is indistinguishable from Government.

    1. Re:Longevity Issues by goombah99 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It's not enough to store the data, you also have to make the data recognizable. After all 100 years from now how do you know where to look to read the data? The biggest problem is that non-coding dna is not selectively preserved.

      --
      Some drink at the fountain of knowledge. Others just gargle.
    2. Re:Longevity Issues by David_Shultz · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The biggest problem is that non-coding dna is not selectively preserved.

      Actually, genetic sequences which are irrelevant to the survival of the entity (as these sequences presumably are) spread through a population and thus are preserved. It is not as rapid as if it provided a benefit, but they spread nonetheless. In a 5th year AI class I actually did experiments with evolutionary computation, looking at genetic changes which had no affect on the fitness of the individuals. The purpose of the experiments was actually to explore whether variation in a population, even if it didn't have any effect of the fitness of the individuals, was a good thing (basically) -turns out it is. But I also learned that even without selection pressure, mutations/new genetic information, spreads (actually rather quickly) through a population.

    3. Re:Longevity Issues by Ibag · · Score: 4, Informative

      Exactly. The fact that the data is preserved by being copied every 20 minutes is entirely counteracted by the fact that reproduction is inherently error prone. Many species of bacteria regularly swap DNA to get around the fact that their reproduction is mostly asexual, but even then, mutations can and do occur. Without some mechanism to kill the bacteria when there is a mutation with the encoded data, this is a horrible long term data storage solution. There are interesting short term tracking applications, but data storage? No.

    4. Re:Longevity Issues by g4sy · · Score: 2, Funny

      I can see a movie coming on: Indiana Jones and the Lost Bacteria. After a long race to figure out what the sequence means, he is forced to shoot (from an airplane) an unsuspecting Mexican maid (who he had fallen in love with) when she pulls out the AntiBacterial soap on the last remaining specimen in his hotel room.
      Or something like that. I might not be the best at futuristic thrillers.

      --
      somewhere, on a Big Red Sign:
      if(color==blue){speed--;}
    5. Re:Longevity Issues by David_Shultz · · Score: 1

      amendment: I realize I may have misinterpreted the previous poster. They are right to worry about the preservation of code in the absence of natural selection insofar as the information will degrade via mutation. While the information will spread throughout the population, there is nothing to keep it from gradually degrading.

    6. Re:Longevity Issues by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well, since the readers will go extinct with global warmming, so will the bacteria.

    7. Re:Longevity Issues by edschurr · · Score: 1

      Strictly speaking, isn't the so-called irrelevent DNA important to survival? It takes energy to create useless DNA. But useless DNA might catch mutations that otherwise would effect important DNA (assuming, I guess, that the mutations occur per organism and not per nucleotide).

    8. Re:Longevity Issues by edschurr · · Score: 1

      "Important" isn't exactly the right word...

    9. Re:Longevity Issues by LightPhoenix7 · · Score: 1

      Exactly. Not only that, but bacteria are well known within the biological community to not only mutate, but mutate enough so as to be highly adaptable. Even with redundant copies - and mutation in junk DNA is higher than in "essential" DNA - there's too much data loss to make this any sort of reliable.

    10. Re:Longevity Issues by eli+pabst · · Score: 1

      Having actually worked with bacteria and done numerous experiments which involved inserting DNA into bacteria, I can tell you it is extremely hard to retain that kind of genetic information if it is not selectively beneficial. In virtually every kind of procedure like this, the gene/sequence of interest is linked to some kind of selectable antibiotic resistance marker (ampicilin, kanamycin, etc). The bacteria are then treated with the corresponding antibiotic and only those bacteria containing the antibiotic resistance gene (and therefore your target gene) grow. Using a selectively neutral sequence would be an exercise in futility. It would basically boil down to a stochastic process where once the neutral sequence is lost in one bacteria it would have a selective advantage over the rest in the culture (less nucleotides to replicate). If you think about it, according to what you're stating, if retaining numerous bits of genetic information was somehow beneficial then bacteria should have infinitely large genomes. In reality their genomes are rather small.

      To the OP: From the vague article this sounds basically like a "stable transfection" where the target sequence is inserted into the bacterial chromosome instead of being an extra-chromosomal plasmid (which are gained and lost much more rapidly). I'd bet the target sequence is linked to a selectable antibiotic resistance gene as well, otherwise this would be impossible. Regardless, despite being around for decades this procedure is still horribly inefficient and expensive. You might as well etch your data into platinum coins using a dremel tool and save yourself time and money.

    11. Re:Longevity Issues by wvmarle · · Score: 1
      How do we know in 100 years how to read the data?
      How do we know in 500 years where to look for it in the first place?

      How do we know in 1000 years that we have data stored in our DNA in the first place??

      It makes one wonder whether all that "non-coding" DNA is actually information stored there from lost civilisations. Maybe we should start decoding some.

      But then: what code is a 1, and what is a 0? and what does such a huge array of 1s and 0s actually mean? is it 7 or 8 or 12 or 16 bit encoded? what is the encoding? does it code to our letters or to hieroglyphs?

      Storing data long is one thing. Being able to read it later is another.

      Wouter.

    12. Re:Longevity Issues by ioshhdflwuegfh · · Score: 1

      In a 5th year AI class I actually did experiments with evolutionary computation, looking at genetic changes which had no affect on the fitness of the individuals.
      This sounds interesting but I don't get what you did: would not the genetic changes that have no affect on the fitness of the individuals depend on how you define the fitness?
    13. Re:Longevity Issues by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      Well, in 20000 years, when our culture and knowledge is long forgotten, and genetics is just (re-)discovered, people will find strange genetic material, like some genes encoding the digits of pi. Then some people will take that as proof of the future version of Intelligent Design.

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    14. Re:Longevity Issues by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      Well, fitness in evolution ist just your ability to survive and reproduce.

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    15. Re:Longevity Issues by mysticgoat · · Score: 1

      It's not enough to store the data, you also have to make the data recognizable.

      So true! And the prerequisite to looking for recognizable data is the recognition that such data might be present.

      Which is only now public.

      So how long will it be before someone claims that some common sequence in human junk DNA is actually the copyright notice for the species?

      Disclaimer: this isn't an original thought. I came across something like this in an SF novel years ago, but I don't recall the author. Phillip K Dick? Connie Willis? Hmmm, it's odd to see those two names next to each other...

  5. Bacteria? Are you kidding me? by Statecraftsman · · Score: 4, Informative

    It's hard enough keeping track of all these CD's and DVD's.

  6. Obligatory comment by zappepcs · · Score: 5, Funny

    But how many Libraries of Congress will a bathroom drain hold?

    1. Re:Obligatory comment by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      alot, its connected to the top of a series of tubes

    2. Re:Obligatory comment by LordEd · · Score: 2, Funny

      - What happens when you flush the buffers?
      - I suppose this would give a new meaning to 'core dump'.
      - 2000 flushes: The blue clean of death

      Ok, that's all the programming toilet jokes I can think of. Somebody do some better ones. I can't think tonight.

    3. Re:Obligatory comment by background+image · · Score: 1

      How about this: 'throughput' is much greater when e-coli is used...

    4. Re:Obligatory comment by freedom_india · · Score: 2, Funny

      I will add more for you:
      - Being infected with a Virus gets a new meaning
      - Virus cleaners need to be Dettol with a swab
      - Worms can't infect Bacteria. In fact Bacteria can infect worms to carry messages
      - The word "operating environment" takes a whole new meaning
      - Google will have 1.3 million cubic feet of... "bacteria" with some dying and others being grown.
      - Shipment of bacteria memories across borders will require truckers to have Biological warfare certificates and Bio-Suits...
      - My USB drive can glow in the dark...

      Ok, that's all i can think of before i continue my work-:)

      --
      "Doing what i can, with what i have." ~ Burt Gummer
    5. Re:Obligatory comment by dpilot · · Score: 1

      - Encode *BSD onto bacteria, then hit it with antibiotics, (or flames from a torch) and post "*BSD is dying" on Slashdot.

      --
      The living have better things to do than to continue hating the dead.
    6. Re:Obligatory comment by vertigoCiel · · Score: 1

      I think a more relevant question is how many Wikipedias will a bathroom drain hold?

  7. Overwriting? by CoolGopher · · Score: 5, Insightful

    So, has anyone tried working out if various junk DNA already holds information that we'd be overwriting with this technique?

    I mean, there are plenty of theories about "seeding" of life on earth after all... maybe we already have a wealth of untapped knowledge?

    (Personally, I think it's extremely unlikely, but that doesn't mean that it wouldn't be prudent to check anyway)

    1. Re:Overwriting? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well lets see... there are 4 possible "values" for a given piece of DNA, so any data would be in base four. Of course, whoever did the coding would be using ASCII. Or Unicode. Or anything else. In fact it wouldn't translate into any known letters even if you did find the encoding. I seriously doubt that we would be able to decode any message in DNA left by another species.

      There is, of course, still hope. Certain things *could* be decoded. I'm thinking a universal unit-less constant... like pi. If there was a significant portion of pi (starting at the beginning) encoded base four, we might find it.

      Then again we'd also probably notice the huge string of DNA without a purpose that for some reason didn't change over billions of years. Such worthless information tends to go away in the long term as thing evolve, since there is no reason for it not to just because of the law of large numbers. So I think it is fairly safe to say there *is* no message in DNA, unless it is written in as a fundamental part of cellular life (in which case it wouldn't change, but it would also be much harder to hide information in).

    2. Re:Overwriting? by king-manic · · Score: 2, Funny

      We're problably someones tape back up. When the main server goes down they'll be coming to vivisect us.

      --
      "There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy."
    3. Re:Overwriting? by truckaxle · · Score: 1

      The same thought popped into my head. After spending some time following the Bible Code story I wonder maybe they were looking in the wrong place - maybe instead of Genesis they should be in looking into prokaryotic junk DNA.

    4. Re:Overwriting? by Fred+Ferrigno · · Score: 1

      If there were encoded data, a good place to look might be the DNA rainbow. It was covered on Slashdot less than a month ago, complete with comparisons to the Bible code.

    5. Re:Overwriting? by Falladir · · Score: 1

      There was a Star Trek: TNG episode (or a two-parter) about this. I'd post a link to a synopsis if I could figure out which episode it was. There were Klingons in it...the information was for a super-weapon or something, and it had a silly name.

    6. Re:Overwriting? by joggle · · Score: 2, Informative

      You are referring to this episode. It was effectively an arms race between the Klingong, Cardassian, Romulans and Federation to figure out this hidden code in the DNA of various humanoid species in the galaxy. They didn't know what the data was but some assumed it was instructions for building some sort of devistating weapon. It turns out to be a holograph program recording set by the 'founders' of the galaxy that had seeded each planet with dna.

    7. Re:Overwriting? by TapeCutter · · Score: 1

      "Turing test - tell the computer to simulate Alan Turing, then ask him if he's "just a simulation"."

      **Tester** - Speaking into mouse (ala Scottie) - "Computer. Simulate Alan Turing."

      **Computer** - "I am Alan Turing, would you like to chat?"

      **Tester** - "Are you just a simulation?"

      **Computer** - "Depends on what you mean by "just a simulation". Why do you ask?"

      **Tester** - "Because it's a test."

      **Computer** - "What's a test?"

      **Tester** - "This is, it's a Turing test."

      **Computer** - "I am Alan Turing, would you like to chat?"

      --
      And did you exchange a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage? - Pink Floyd.
    8. Re:Overwriting? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This episode of TNG was ironically aired on Spike today. It was a one-part episode with a Klingon who was hiding information in "intert-enzymes" and injecting himself with them.

    9. Re:Overwriting? by finity · · Score: 1

      Which one is the computer?

    10. Re:Overwriting? by Fred+Ferrigno · · Score: 1

      Gah, I've had that sig literally for years (at least 6) and this is the first anyone's commented on it. (Conclusive proof that it sucks and needs to be changed.) Apparently I got it from this page, which is a super-nerdy treatise on Star Trek. I was about to claim they copied it from me, but considering it was written in 1993, I probably got it from them.

    11. Re:Overwriting? by TapeCutter · · Score: 1

      Don't get rid of it on my account. :)

      --
      And did you exchange a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage? - Pink Floyd.
    12. Re:Overwriting? by ioshhdflwuegfh · · Score: 1

      Maybe the main server is already down?

    13. Re:Overwriting? by ioshhdflwuegfh · · Score: 1

      Which one is the computer?
      **Computer**
    14. Re:Overwriting? by Moochman · · Score: 1

      Then again we'd also probably notice the huge string of DNA without a purpose that for some reason didn't change over billions of years. Such worthless information tends to go away in the long term as thing evolve, since there is no reason for it not to just because of the law of large numbers. Oh. So then it would never happen that 95% of our DNA would be non-coding, I guess? Since the "law of large numbers" would make everything not being used just go away? Maybe you should know something about a topic before you pretend to be an expert on it.

    15. Re:Overwriting? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      **Tester** - "Explain the meaning of Genesis 3.3 to your own personal life."

    16. Re:Overwriting? by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      Which one is the computer? TapeCutter.
      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    17. Re:Overwriting? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      http://www.amazon.com/God-Code-Gregg-Braden/dp/140 1902995 [The God Code]

      Gregg Braden, a systems designer, wrote a book on this subject. He believes he has found a code in human DNA that literally translates to God's name. He uses a kabalistic technique to assign numbers to Hebrew letters. He then correlates those numbers to periodic elements that exist in DNA. I believe he does this based on the number of electrons in their outer shell, but I am not sure.

    18. Re:Overwriting? by mapkinase · · Score: 1

      Nice try, but you have absolutely no idea what you are talking about.

      --
      I do not believe in karma. "Funny"=-6. Do good and forbid evil. Yours, Oft-Offtopic Flamebaiting Troll.
    19. Re:Overwriting? by StikyPad · · Score: 1

      Would've been better if it was a recipe for some kick-ass chocolate chip cookies that just happen to cure cancer.

    20. Re:Overwriting? by CoolGopher · · Score: 1

      You're right, I don't. That's why I asked the question :)

    21. Re:Overwriting? by mapkinase · · Score: 1

      It is exactly because of the nature of the question, that I drew my conclusion.

      Would you ask about the costs of the storage, I would not make my comment.

      I guess after much ranting I have to say smth on subj: compare this method to backuping your data on billion of RAID drives with very expensive and slow way of retrieving the data.

      --
      I do not believe in karma. "Funny"=-6. Do good and forbid evil. Yours, Oft-Offtopic Flamebaiting Troll.
    22. Re:Overwriting? by zuiraM · · Score: 1

      Shouldn't be too hard.

      Grab the sequenced junk DNA, do some entropy analysis etc to compare it to the functional genome. Anything that turns up highly unusual levels of entropy (indicating compression) would be suspect.

  8. organic computing by notgm · · Score: 5, Interesting

    stories like this one, and the story earlier today about the graphene transistor, make me wonder how far off truly organic computing is - and whether or not we'll eventually be indistinguishable from computers. or they from us.

    who's to say that our bodies/brains aren't some elaborate computer design ala douglas adams' design?

    1. Re:organic computing by Monoliath · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I think you raise an interesting issue, had I any mod points I would have modded you up.

      Nano-technology is the missing link in the current bio-tech field, in my opinion, between the ultimate symbiosis of hardware and human flesh, it will allow us to work at levels far too minute at this point, to make the proper kind of medical advances that would allow effective cohesion of man and machine.

      I can't wait for it, even though I hope the day never comes...heh ;D

    2. Re:organic computing by mike2R · · Score: 1

      Not sure why, but this reminds me of some of my favourite SMAC quotes:

      I think, and my thoughts cross the barrier into the synapses of the machine, just as the good doctor intended. But what I cannot shake, and what hints at things to come, is that thoughts cross back. In my dreams, the sensibility of the machine invades the periphery of my consciousness: dark, rigid, cold, alien. Evolution is at work here, but just what is evolving remains to be seen.
      Commissioner Pravin Lal
      "Man and Machine"

      The Warrior's bland acronym, MMI, obscures the true horror of this monstrosity. Its inventors promise a new era of genius, but meanwhile unscrupulous power brokers use its forcible installation to violate the sanctity of unwilling human minds. They are creating their own private army of demons.
      Commissioner Pravin Lal
      "Report on Human Rights"
      --
      This sig all sigs devours
  9. Backing up nature. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ""Computerworld has a story about a new technology developed by Keio University researchers that creates artificial bacterial DNA that can carry more than 100 bits of data [CC] [MD] [GC] within the genome sequence. The researchers claimed that they encoded "e= mc2 1905!" on the common soil bacteria, Bacillius subtilis. The bacteria-based data storage method has backup and long-term archival functionality.""

    So that's what viruses are up to.

  10. backup corruption? by gr3kgr33n · · Score: 5, Funny

    My backup chemistry thesis mutated; granting me a degree in forensic anthropology.

    --
    My backup chemistry thesis stored on Data Storing Bacteria mutated; granting me a degree in forensic anthropology. v4sw7
  11. Massive Storage Server by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    So now can I consider my poop logs to be massive data centers?

  12. so... by mastershake_phd · · Score: 1

    So do you feed them instead of plug them in?

  13. windows and mac ads by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    now windows has a real reason to be "sick"

  14. Tinkering with Genes by queenb**ch · · Score: 0

    Well, if this goes anything like several of the other genetically modified plants, etc. forensic anthropology might be something practiced by the species that supersedes us. The "dyed in the pod" cotton has already been a huge disaster. The "modified" corn seems to be turning the normally placid corn borer beetle into something that's going to plague us until Satan hands out ice skates. Mother Nature exists in a delicate balance and we need to leave it alone until we know what we're doing. And we do *not* know what we're doing.

    2 cents,

    QueenB.

    --
    HDGary secures my bank :/
    1. Re:Tinkering with Genes by king-manic · · Score: 1

      GM is not evil in itself. It has consquences we can't forsee but over time they will be mostly understood or at least kept controllable. Mother nature is nto so much in a delicate balance as it is in a equilibrium. We can knock it off and it will simple go back to that equilibrium or find another local maxima. Thats how biological systems work. The trick is to ensure the new equilibrium is compatable with human life. And that isn't a very hard problem.

      --
      "There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy."
    2. Re:Tinkering with Genes by khallow · · Score: 1

      OTOH, if we leave nature alone, then we'll never know what we're doing. And I'm unclear on what you mean by "delicate balance". The ecosystem is neither delicate nor balanced. I guess we're fortunate that the global warming controversy has drowned out the GM food noise. So what's the problems you hint at? I gather the corn borer is getting more resistant to pesticides, but it already had a reservation at the that skating party.

    3. Re:Tinkering with Genes by dpilot · · Score: 1

      > And that isn't a very hard problem.

      Methinks you're perhaps being a tad overoptimistic, here.

      The real problem is that this stuff is being commercially driven, which leads to quarter-by-quarter decisions. The time constant of the equilibrium is more commonly measured in years, if not decades, centuries, or millennia. Therefore a business decision about something with environmental equilibrium implications will quite frequently start out wrong, and only be corrected once the discomfort approaches obvious.

      --
      The living have better things to do than to continue hating the dead.
    4. Re:Tinkering with Genes by king-manic · · Score: 1

      Have we had a mass human die off due to enviromental tampering? Then we have done a passable job at avoiding equilibrii that causes our exstinction. There is a problem with short sightedness in our current economic systems. But the only thing that can wipe us out would to be to change the equilibrium much more severely then the combines efforts to shape nature in the last 2000 years combined. Even then our exstinction is not garenteed. We may make the world unpleasant but we're a plague on the earth that will nto be easily removed.

      --
      "There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy."
    5. Re:Tinkering with Genes by dpilot · · Score: 1

      Yes.

      I can name one right off the top of my head, somewhere close to 1000 years ago - the Anasazi. The piece I heard on the radio spoke of them over-harvesting their woodlands, and the water table dropped, turning the area into a desert which still hasn't recovered. I've heard other reports ranging from the area always was a desert to it was arid, and they turned it to desert. However all reports agree on a massive die-off. (Not 100%, there are still descendants of Anasazi represented in current tribes.)

      Oops, got another. Easter Island, another case of timber over-harvesting, though the final mechanism was not desertification.

      A couple of other examples - the Great Plagues of Europe in the middle ages. Not really environmental tampering, but an over-concentration of people in urban areas was certainly a significant factor.

      All of these were obviously in the past, and local. But then again, back then everything was local. It's only been slightly over a century or so that we've accumulated the potential to think globally and affect things globally. Again, even with nukes we can't "destroy the world," but we can certainly destroy our ability to continue our comfortable civilization on it.

      --
      The living have better things to do than to continue hating the dead.
  15. I learned something new today... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...apparently, bacteria don't die.

  16. When I was young... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We wrote down important things on stone tablets... and we liked it! Up hill, both ways, in the snow...

  17. Bacteriophage by king-manic · · Score: 4, Funny

    But as always, a virus can still eat your data.

    --
    "There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy."
  18. Obligatory bad virus joke by trainsnpep · · Score: 4, Funny

    Funny how a virus will still corrupt your data.

    --
    --<Mike>--
    1. Re:Obligatory bad virus joke by ioshhdflwuegfh · · Score: 1

      And now bacteria are corrupted. Only hacking will survive.

    2. Re:Obligatory bad virus joke by Evolt's+RonL. · · Score: 1

      Sorry. My Bad. I got homework problem #3 wrong ... storing it in the the bacteria caused it to mutate and grow to giant proportions. Then it ate France!

      Maybe I can do some extra credit work?

  19. Sensitive data storage? by BronsCon · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Can you spray them with Lysol to erase them in an emergency? (The remainder of this post assumes a YES.)

    This could be great for military/government intelligence archival, or, really, any situation where the data needs to be used once and destroyed.

    The longevity, coupled with ease of total erasure, would be great for digital storage of any document with personal information on it, as well. I could see using these discs to submit job/credit/lease applications, recieve bills and in any dealings with the government or IRS. They'll last for as long as needed and can be completely erased before disposal.

    If they're rewritable, as well, all temporary storage related to the files on the disc could be placed on the disc as well, completely keeping that sensitive data off of any other, possibly recoverable, media. If this is the case, perhaps, once these become available, any business or govenrment entity storing personal information should be required to store it on these discs and only these discs.

    ---

    Yes, the entirity of this post, excepting this line and the first, is entirely speculative; keep that in mind when moderating (insightful?)

    --
    APK quotes people (including myself) without context and should not be trusted. Just thought you should know.
    1. Re:Sensitive data storage? by BronsCon · · Score: 1

      Aparently, I skipped a paragraph of TFS and no, I didn't read TFA. These bacteria aren't being used on discs (nor does it seem it's planned). It needs to be, so the above post makes sense :)

      Moderators, please ignore the facts when reading the above post.

      --
      APK quotes people (including myself) without context and should not be trusted. Just thought you should know.
    2. Re:Sensitive data storage? by stefanlasiewski · · Score: 1

      Can you spray them with Lysol to erase them in an emergency?

      The information is included in the bacteria's DNA. Lysol will kill the bacteria, but leave the DNA intact.

      I'm not sure what is in Lysol, but rubbing alcohol will not destroy DNA (at least not initially). Rubbing alcohol is one component in your Kitchen DNA Lab.

      --
      "Can of worms? The can is open... the worms are everywhere."
    3. Re:Sensitive data storage? by JoeMerchant · · Score: 1
      Lysol is 99.8% effective in wiping out germs.

      That doesn't mean that their DNA is destroyed, just that they are non-viable. DNA samples in forensics use hair, dead skin, etc.

      Also, that .2% still represents millions of viable cells which could be cultured to as many copies as you need.

  20. Bug by mnmn · · Score: 0, Redundant

    So is there a bug in the program or a program in the bug?

    We know Windows is bloated. So Windows has lots of bugs while it takes lots of bugs to have Windows!

    --
    "Give orange me give eat orange me eat orange give me eat orange give me you." -Nim Chimpsky
    1. Re:Bug by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You've got it all wrong... It's not a bug, it's a feature!

  21. goatse by doubtless · · Score: 4, Funny

    "it could also be used to store text and images for many millennia"

    Imagine a Scientist from the 37th century scanning a particular bacteria's DNA sequence and hit Goatse

    --
    geek page at KY speaks
    1. Re:goatse by soft_guy · · Score: 1

      Imagine a Scientist from the 37th century scanning a particular bacteria's DNA sequence and hit Goatse He would be so p0wn3d!!!11!
      --
      Avoid Missing Ball for High Score
    2. Re:goatse by OldManAndTheC++ · · Score: 1

      Imagine a Scientist from the 37th century scanning a particular bacteria's DNA sequence and hit Goatse

      For all you know, by the 37th Century humans will have evolved freakishly distended assholes, so Goatse will seem normal to them.

      Ugh. Can't believe I wrote that. Must remember to tick "Post Anonymously" option...

      --
      Soylent Green is peoplicious!
    3. Re:goatse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually, I'm hoping this will happen. Remember that at present there are some things (like goatse) which cannot be unseen. But in the future they will have developed the technology! Traumatised by seeing the photo, they will fire up their time machines, go back to the past, and erase that picture and the people who created it before it ever gets uploaded to the internet. The entire human race (and the future scientists) will then automatically and retroactively unsee Goatse, and the world will be saved!

      Excuse me while I start building my Goatse bactera encoding lab...

  22. What was the movie/book??? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I remember reading or watching a movie with just this plot... An ancient civilization puts information in DNA, only to be revealed when the DNA gets smart enough. There was some other book, ostensibly scientific, that proposed something similar: that we are merely carriers of DNA and other functions are secondary.

    1. Re:What was the movie/book??? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      that we are merely carriers of DNA and other functions are secondary
      The book in question could be something as old as On Origin of the Species by Darwin, but perhaps with another term substituted for DNA.

    2. Re:What was the movie/book??? by mknewman · · Score: 1

      I think the book was Greg Bear's "Slant". http://www.ereader.com/product/detail/5?book=Slant

  23. Studies by Quzak · · Score: 1

    One thing they are failing to take into consideration is alteration of life. By introducing more complex data into DNA sequences it opens the possibility of AI/Self Awareness within the bacterial strains. This would be a new form of life born from a primordial sea of information and microbial DNA.
    While we would not see anything change initially as it takes several hundred even thousand generations, this is a distinct possibility and needs to be addressed.

    Also while I am on that note: I for one welcome our new bacterial overlords.

    --
    Support your local school shooter, give them your firearms.
    1. Re:Studies by MillionthMonkey · · Score: 1

      By introducing more complex data into DNA sequences it opens the possibility of AI/Self Awareness within the bacterial strains...this is a distinct possibility and needs to be addressed.
      It's pretty easy to check for open reading frames in DNA you're writing; not checking would be negligent. You can encode your movies using only three bases if your lawyers are really worried about spawning a transcendant blob and you'd rather not think about it.
  24. Creating DNA? by sanosuke001 · · Score: 0

    Well, couldn't this be potentially dangerous? Creating random DNA molecules or changing existing bacteria could potentially create some very infectious disease. It doesn't sound like the best idea; even if the chance is remote...

    --
    -SaNo
  25. Already there? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Hmm.
    1) bacteria can survive vacuum
    2) bacteria from elsewhere may have started life on earth
    3) DNA has large, mostly useless areas which are replicated from generation to generation

    Why spend money looking for intelligence when you can create it, and give it a map home? A biological machine is no less a machine. Are bacteria manufactured self-replicating probes?

    On the bright side, since I posted AC no one can blame me for paraphrasing an episode of the Next Generation.

  26. Invasions? by gorrepati · · Score: 1

    No more burning libraries during invasions! All your dogs, cats have our data.

    --
    You will never have experience until after you needed it.
  27. Wrong by Duncan3 · · Score: 1

    DNA that isn't functional has a high rate of change.

    If it's wrong and functional it dies, and only correct copies live on. If it's just data, being wrong does nothing and just keeps degrading further. This is also how we figure out how far distant relatives or species are apart as well, the "junk" DNA will diverge at a fairly steady rate over time.

    So, cute trick, but that's all.

    --
    - Adam L. Beberg - The Cosm Project - http://www.mithral.com/
    1. Re:Wrong by David_Shultz · · Score: 1

      DNA that isn't functional has a high rate of change. If it's wrong and functional it dies, and only correct copies live on. If it's just data, being wrong does nothing and just keeps degrading further. This is also how we figure out how far distant relatives or species are apart as well, the "junk" DNA will diverge at a fairly steady rate over time. So, cute trick, but that's all.

      C'mon, give it a fair chance! Let's say that the researchers surround the message in a contiguous block of text meant simply as a marker. Then future researchers could, by analyzing the degree of degradation of the marker, figure out at what point the message was written. A statistical analysis of a population of bacteria could preesumably provide enough information to reassemble the message. Besides, it is possible in principle to write the same message fifty times on one of these things. The more times you write it, the more resilient it is to degradation, since a statistical analysis (on just one individual) will allow you to reassemble the message. Do these ideas provide even a glimmer of hope for this technique? What do you think?

    2. Re:Wrong by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No. The parent has debunked this and thats that. There is no room for clever thinking or any sort of ingenuity. This is slashdot. Pundits proclaim the hard truth because, you know, they read it on the internet somewhere. The parent poster proclaims it false, so it is so. Don't try to be clever.

    3. Re:Wrong by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually, while you can look at mutations over time to determine species similarities that's a completely different issue. In this case, though not mentioned in the article, the bacteria would most likely be frozen and preserved so as to prevent many life cycles (and thus replications that could introduce mutation). As a result the nonessential DNA would have little time to mutate and could be preserved within frozen bacteria. A similar approach is taken when performing genetic engineering in modern laboratories. Construction of genetic information (in this case often genes to be implanted into mammalian or other tissue) is performed in bacteria that would consider it "junk".

      The real issue with the technology is that only 100 bits can be stored in a single bacteria strain, and construction of each bacteria strain is time consuming and expensive. If the technology will have any relevance it's a long way off.

    4. Re:Wrong by J.Y.Kelly · · Score: 1

      C'mon, give it a fair chance! Let's say that the researchers surround the message in a contiguous block of text meant simply as a marker. Then future researchers could, by analyzing the degree of degradation of the marker, figure out at what point the message was written. A statistical analysis of a population of bacteria could preesumably provide enough information to reassemble the message. Besides, it is possible in principle to write the same message fifty times on one of these things. The more times you write it, the more resilient it is to degradation, since a statistical analysis (on just one individual) will allow you to reassemble the message. Do these ideas provide even a glimmer of hope for this technique? What do you think?

      I'd say that given any significant number of generations (which can be as short as 20mins in a bacterium) that you don't have a hope of keeping any number of functionally useless DNA sequences in tact. Evolution can be scarily efficient at getting rid of anything which is even mildly detrimental to its host, and even if the message is neutral in terms of its survival it still stands a good chance of getting chewed up. Remember it doesn't have to degrade through single mutations, big insertions and deletions can and do happen.

      Even if you're introducing DNA into an organism in a fairly small way then you normally have to link it to an antibiotic resistance gene and then feed that antibiotic to the bacteria to give them an incentive to keep hold of it. Bacteria don't have nearly as much junk DNA as higher eukaryotes and there is a lot of competition in a bacterial colony.

      DNA as a storage mechanism, sure it could work. DNA storage just by putting it into a bacterial genome and hoping it'll stay there - forget it. As a final nail in its coffin, the B subtilis genome is only 4.2Mb(ases) long, and that includes all the stuff it can't survive without. That probably leaves you about a floppies worth of usable storage - and that's without having redundant copies.

  28. Why not carry all my CDs & DVDs in my DNA? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Why not carry all my CDs & DVDs in my DNA? & hook-up/embed a DNA reader with the audio-plug in the ear, to 'play' my song whereever/whenever, with life long license embedded in my DNA to play the song.

    1. Re:Why not carry all my CDs & DVDs in my DNA? by StuckInSyrup · · Score: 1

      Ehm. Not a bad idea, but I don't want any 80' pop music encoded in my DNA. I'm sure it would end up with cancer.
      As a more serious note, why bother with a DNA reader? Those things are slill prety large to fit into any ear. A biotech device/symbiont that transcribes the DNA stored information directly into a neural feed, connected to the auditory regions of the brain would be a nice solution.

      --
      Ni.
  29. also by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You know what else works? ... "paper"

  30. not as big as the 80s by flanktwo · · Score: 4, Funny

    100 bits ought to be enough for anybody.

  31. Mod parent re-fucking-dundant by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    check the comment right above this, chief

    1. Re:Mod parent re-fucking-dundant by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      check the times, gaylord

  32. teh Search for Terrestrial Intelligent Information by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We need to start a government-backed program or start our own so we can discover TEH TRUth!!!!111!

  33. very dangerous by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    I haven't seen a single post by a biologist yet pointing out that if you start inserting arbitary data
    into "spare" DNA then sooner or later you are going to create a lethal pathogen - purely on the basis
    of probablity and statistics.

    Of course you can be sure the one that wipes out all life on Earth will turn out to be an Mp3 encoding
    of a Britney Spears tune.

  34. Still need to translate the data by Heir+Of+The+Mess · · Score: 1

    They are talking about storing digital data on bacteria, so how are people millenia down the track meant to decode it? Like do we store pictures as Jpeg? Do we encode text as Unicode? What I would really like to see is bacteria that I could store all my pictures onto, and to look at them all I have to do is throw some bacteria on a wet floor and wait for them to appear. For a slideshow think of a Conways Game of Life effect. You could control the speed of the slide show by controlling the temperature.

    --
    Australian running a company that does C# / C++ / Java / SQL / Python / Mathematica
    1. Re:Still need to translate the data by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's not... ... dude, what?

  35. Uh oh by AndroidCat · · Score: 3, Funny

    Don't tell AOL about this. I, for one, do not welcome all the envelopes full of "starter" bacteria.

    --
    One line blog. I hear that they're called Twitters now.
  36. If you believe life on Earth came from outer space by blind+biker · · Score: 1

    There are people who theorize that life on Earth has been "imported" by an intelligent space-faring race from a distant star (space fiction is not my element, so cut me some slack, ok), then you should better start looking for clues in our own DNA. The first few digits of pi, or the Euler constant, or a fibonacci series, that would be kinda cool.

    Disclaimer: personally, I don't believe in this theory, but I am open to everything. Always keep an open mind.

    --
    "The agriculture ministry is not in charge of Gundam" - Japanese ministry official.
  37. message from alian civilization by Samarian+Hillbilly · · Score: 1

    Maybe all the "junk" DNA is really a message from an alien civilization? Maybe SETI should be decoding it instead of the Biologists? If we can do it, so can someone else...

    1. Re:message from alian civilization by intronic · · Score: 1

      The messages are already here, some for around over 300 million years almost without changes. Theres hundreds of regions in the human genome, more than 200 bases long, which have remained virtually identical with the chicken genome. http://www.mg.co.za/articlepage.aspx?area=/breakin g_news/breaking_news__international_news&articleid =134442 Maybe they are on their way now to come and get their data back?

    2. Re:message from alian civilization by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      Maybe all the "junk" DNA is really a message from an alien civilization? Maybe SETI should be decoding it instead of the Biologists?

      http://www.geocities.com/tablizer/dnaid.htm

    3. Re:message from alian civilization by Samarian+Hillbilly · · Score: 1

      So, life on earth was created as a data back-up for an alien civilization, not bad, and, let's see, the alien IT workers appear to us as mice...

      But seriously (if that is allowed here). The view that DNA is simply syntax may be wrong, the idea that it may contain semantics, i.e. a message is worth exploring.

  38. What difference does it make? by quokkapox · · Score: 1

    It's interesting that when you apply computer science to biology at their most fundamental levels, you simply confirm the feasibility of solutions long since developed by what we believe to be completely natural evolutionary processes.

    The Universe is a giant computer. Or a simulation running inside another one. Either way, it doesn't matter.

    --
    it's a blue bright blue Saturday hey hey
    1. Re:What difference does it make? by ioshhdflwuegfh · · Score: 1

      I thought that we are already living in the post-humanism. And if the universe is a giant computer, what's its operating system, etc?

    2. Re:What difference does it make? by Dragonslicer · · Score: 1

      And if the universe is a giant computer, what's its operating system
      Judging by the amount of stuff in the universe that explodes and/or crashes, obviously Windows.
    3. Re:What difference does it make? by ioshhdflwuegfh · · Score: 1

      And if the universe is a giant computer, what's its operating system
      Judging by the amount of stuff in the universe that explodes and/or crashes, obviously Windows.
      Then, I gather, the source code of the OS of the universe is proprietary?
    4. Re:What difference does it make? by dpilot · · Score: 1

      Science itself is the greatest reverse-engineering project ever undertaken.

      --
      The living have better things to do than to continue hating the dead.
  39. Virus by flyingfsck · · Score: 1

    Flue is a virus and most OSS is proud to be immune to viruses...

    --
    Excuse me, but please get off my Pennisetum Clandestinum, eh!
  40. Old news by gessel · · Score: 3, Informative

    Joe Davis did this more than 17years ago.

    1. Re:Old news by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I saw the headline and was like, didn't Joe Davis do this already? I'm glad to not be the only one with that thought.

  41. they forgot about selection pressure by operon · · Score: 1

    mutation anyone?

    --
    ---- Where is my mind?
  42. Am I the only one by Pikoro · · Score: 1

    who has a problem with bacteria knowing about general relativity? We should watch what we teach these things or we might have a revolution on our hands (and in our dirt)... ;p

    --
    "Freedom in the USA is not the ability to do what you want. It is the ability to stop others from doing what THEY want"
  43. Obligatory future conversation by SeaFox · · Score: 1

    "Jimmy clean your room! Its disgusting!"

    "What! And lose all my data!?"

  44. The Chase by tcolberg · · Score: 1

    About four hundred years from now, we will see a group of starships from competing civilizations warping from one planet to the next in a grand race to solve a genetic puzzle encoded in the language of life, DNA. Except this time they'll be disappointed to find that instead of finding a new source of energy, the secret of life, or an all-powerful weapon, they found the encoded archives of the Slashdot message board.

    1. Re:The Chase by Quzak · · Score: 1

      That would make for a great episode of Star Trek. We could have Picard................ohh wait nm

      --
      Support your local school shooter, give them your firearms.
  45. Compact DNA by DrKyle · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Bacteria, due to their rapid rate of replication (short generation time) are very prone to selection. There would be a fitness decrease to carry around this useless DNA, especially in redundant copies. Because of this, over time the mutants which had this "data" deleted would replicate slightly more quickly and these footprints in the sand would be washed away. This is the whole reason bacteria have compact genomes, redundancy and garbage are a waste of energy to replicate every generation making them weaker than their optimized counterparts.

    1. Re:Compact DNA by Viol8 · · Score: 1

      Quite. These guys might know information storage retrieval theory but they seem to know jack sh1t about natural selection. Perhaps they're based in Texas? :)

      Seems to me this is a 3rd rate solution looking for a problem anyway not to mention the fact that since DNA used base 4 why store the data in binary base 2? You're wasting 75% of the storage ability.

    2. Re:Compact DNA by fxj · · Score: 1

      Lets see:
      6 10^-8 mutations/division
      17 generations/min for E.Coli

      do the math:

      186.53 years for the mutation of 100 bits!

      millenia???

  46. Possible abuses? by Steffan · · Score: 1

    It occurred to me...Could this encoding be vulnerable to a sort of 'buffer overflow' type attack? i.e., if the data encodes for the duplication of the 'data' DNA, wouldn't it be possible, by artfully crafting the data, to compel the bacterium to produce an altered copy that would do other than its designers intended? It seems like this could be very useful, or potentially very dangerous.

    1. Re:Possible abuses? by Dystopian+Rebel · · Score: 1

      Friend, why not admit it? Like the rest of us, you're trying to understand what went so wrong in Anna Nicole's and Britney's lives.

      --
      Rich And Stupid is not so bad as Working For Rich And Stupid.
  47. From the future by Centurix · · Score: 1

    Scientist A: OK, lets see how the first DNA storage device has held up over the last 1000 years
    Scientist B: Sure, let's compare the results. Original encoding written on duct tape stuck to the side of the test tube - "e=mc2"
    Scientist A: Right, I'll take a look. My god! The DNA has mutated, possibly into a better and yet more powerful equation! What does it say?
    Scientist B: "=3"
    Scientist A: ...
    Scientist B: Wow, duct tape can hold information for 1000 years!

    --
    Task Mangler
  48. Panspermia by quokkapox · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I believe you're referring to panspermia, which could have been accidental or deliberate. In the former case, life happens to make it from one habitable environment into another across interplanetary/interstellar distances. A situation analogous to accidental panspermia occurs on earth all the time, when a coconut floats from one island to another, or an insect is blown up in a storm and lands on another continent. For interplanetary cases to be feasible, life needs to be able to make it from, say Earth to Europa or vice-versa, which I think is entirely plausible. If there is other life in this solar system how closely related to life on Earth it is will answer some questions and clarify many new ones.

    In the latter case, deliberate panspermia may be the signature of intelligence far greater than our own. Life on Earth could simply be the evidence and the result from von Neumann probes from another civilization (possibly long gone) or even another galaxy (which to me is not completely implausible).

    I don't believe in this theory, but I am open to everything. Always keep an open mind.

    You shouldn't "believe in" any theories; simply weigh them according to how likely they seem based on current knowledge and valid criticism, and choose the best one at this time to guide further research and actions. Indeed, an open mind is required.

    The first few digits of pi, or the Euler constant, or a fibonacci series, that would be kinda cool

    How about instructions coding for beings which will evolve the ability to perceive and describe such mathematical concepts? The constants themselves would degrade, but the instructions for these capabilities would confer real evolutionary advantages and would be passed on for generations, and improved over time.

    --
    it's a blue bright blue Saturday hey hey
    1. Re:Panspermia by blind+biker · · Score: 1

      How about instructions coding for beings which will evolve the ability to perceive and describe such mathematical concepts? The constants themselves would degrade, but the instructions for these capabilities would confer real evolutionary advantages and would be passed on for generations, and improved over time.

      I wasn't actually thinking about that information being useful, but put there just so that we could, once we developed the genetic tech, find out the hidden, deliberate message, and find out that way that we had some really smart ancestors. I remember reading this short novell, about this interstellar race that has brought life to Earth, and left clues about that (like, for example, the occurance of solar and moon eclipses), and how we humans then took all those clues for granted and never made much of them.

      If we found Euler's constant in our genes (in a recess of the generic makeup, which doesn't change (if such even exists)) that would be a dead giveaway that we had ancestors that could hack the stuff.

      --
      "The agriculture ministry is not in charge of Gundam" - Japanese ministry official.
    2. Re:Panspermia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What if all we have encoded in our DNA is a UUE encoded hello.jpg!?

  49. I wonder.... by c6gunner · · Score: 1

    if you combined them into a RAID array, would that give you better performance, or just wipe out all your data?

  50. Can't stop data already. by Kadin2048 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    This definitely brings with it some possibilities, but I think that the technology is available right now to allow any determined person to sneak data past all but the most intensive biomedical screenings.

    You can fit an awful lot of data in something the size of a Tylenol gel-cap, and aside from the unpleasant recovery aspect, nothing less than a X-ray is going to detect that (maybe not even an X-ray, if you were careful about the components used). Of course, your digestive system only gives you a window of opportunity measured in (at most) days; if you wanted to go longer than that, you're talking about implants. But that would get you through most transit checkpoints.

    I'm not really even sure this is a new development: spies and other folks with resources have had microfiche and microdots for years. Cement one of those to your nether regions, or swallow one, and it would take a pretty determined search to turn one up. Or if you wanted, you could probably even sprinkle them over an unwitting mule's clothes, and then recover one on the opposite end.

    It doesn't seem like data theft is really something that you can realistically try to stop at any border, anymore. If someone has the data in a format that they can load on their person and take to the border, it's gone. If you can get a person across, you can get data across. Certainly if you are allowed to take any type of electronics, it should be considered information-porus; there are so many ways to disguise information using steganography, that it's not practical to try and sanitize it.

    Certainly by the time that biological information storage becomes widely practical, all but the most backwards nations and companies will have realized that stopping the flow of information with physical checkpoints at the border is a losing game. At best, you might be able to make it a little easier or harder, but real information security depends on limiting hostile parties' access to information in the first place, not trying to limit their transportation of it afterwards.

    --
    "Ladies and gentlemen, my killbot features Lotus Notes and a machine gun. It is the finest available."
    1. Re:Can't stop data already. by BrokenHalo · · Score: 1

      Certainly by the time that biological information storage becomes widely practical...

      Which, despite the submission, won't be for some time. Given that it is quite common for many bacteria to exchange DNA with others, or even to assimilate "loose" DNA from its environment, I wouldn't lay any odds on the message remaining uncorrupted for long. Also, there is the problem of size; the fact that bacteria typically have a very compact genome works against this as a medium for storage of data (encoded how? 4 bases, remember) of a useful size.

    2. Re:Can't stop data already. by ioshhdflwuegfh · · Score: 1

      How about encoding many bacteria with the same code to increase the longevity?

    3. Re:Can't stop data already. by BrokenHalo · · Score: 1

      How about encoding many bacteria with the same code to increase the longevity?

      Well, there are at least 2 answers to that:

      (1)The mechanics of cloning DNA require and expect you to use more than one cell. I don't know if I should point this out, but bacteria are very small. If you dropped one on the floor, you would never find it again. :-D

      (2) Breeding up lots of cells by itself doesn't necessarily increase longevity of the DNA in their chromosome, and certainly not of plasmids or cosmids. All that might do is introduce levels of corruption, depending on the machinery the species in question has to prevent radical mutations.

  51. Harder to erase than you might think by mbessey · · Score: 2, Informative

    A quick spritz of Lysol isn't going to affect the DNA of the bacteria much, if at all. Denaturing the DNA is not how antiseptics kill bacteria. I think that data stored in this fashion would actually be a lot harder to destroy than magnetic storage. After all, they can extract (fragments of) DNA from fossils.

    1. Re:Harder to erase than you might think by StikyPad · · Score: 1

      I think that data stored in this fashion would actually be a lot harder to destroy than magnetic storage.

      Only if you think using bleach is hard.

  52. Bittorrent is so dead by ady1 · · Score: 1

    1. Encode pop singles into viruses gnome sequence and get sick 3. Distribute the disease 4. Get sued by RIAA 5. ? 6. Profit

  53. Restoration time by Torgo's+Pizza · · Score: 1

    Good grief. It takes long enough to restore data from a tape backup. I have a hunch that it could take the resources of a "CSI: Las Vegas" crime lab to approach a reasonable restoration rate.

    "The bad news is that the flooded data center is covered in black mold. The good news is that the DNA of the mold contains our backup so we'll have the center up and running in a year or two! Less if you're willing to put up with some minor upper respiratory issues."

  54. How much data could you store.. by emj · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Well I guess you need alot of error checking and all that, and lets simplfiy it by saying that all of those 100b can be used to store data. That would mean about 7 Terbytes of data stored in 2^40 (10^24) bacteria, if you put these bacterias in a long single line you will get something that's 11 kilometers long.

    Bacteria diameter: 0.1 micrometer
    Sequence ID (SID): 40 bits
    Databits (D): 60 bits
    Maxstorage: 2^SID*D about 7680 Gigabytes

    this is not even pseudoscience.. ;-)

    1. Re:How much data could you store.. by emj · · Score: 1
      Searched abit and found these.
    2. Re:How much data could you store.. by robably · · Score: 1

      if you put these bacterias in a long single line you will get something that's 11 kilometers long.
      Yes, but in comparison if you take all the tracks on a 3.5" 80GB hard drive and lay them in a single line it will be 29km long.

      That is pseudoscience. I just made it up.
    3. Re:How much data could you store.. by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      Research paper, about data storage in [b]acteria which can only be accessed if you have a log in, (or site license, whee)

      You have to log in to access the bacteria? What does the login procedure look like?
      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
  55. New disaster scenario for data... by Arimus · · Score: 1

    Cleaner mistakes the bacteria store for some mold and sprays it with a disinfectant....

    --
    --- Users are like bacteria -> Each one causing a thousand tiny crises until the host finally gives up and dies.
  56. You mean... by Neeth · · Score: 1

    a datadump?

    --
    Yes, I am the one with the legendary sig.
  57. Our DNA by Shadyman · · Score: 1

    And people wonder how WE got all of our non-essential DNA elements added.

  58. So use PAR2 then by Silkejr · · Score: 1

    On USENET binary groups you see lots of incomplete and degraded parts of data, but they're reconstructed with par2. Can't something like that be adapted to this situation as well?

    1. Re:So use PAR2 then by ion_ · · Score: 4, Interesting

      On USENET binary groups you see lots of incomplete and degraded parts of data, but they're reconstructed with par2. Can't something like that be adapted to this situation as well?

      Indeed. Parchive uses Reed-Solomon error correction to create redundant data so that if you have one block of such data, you can use it to correct any single corrupted block in the source data.

      It is also used in e.g. RAID-5 and CDs (ever wondered why you can make a long scratch and it still plays correctly?)

      The article only talks about multiple copies of the original data, but I wouldn't be surprised if the scientists actually use a Reed-Solomon implementation for redundancy.

    2. Re:So use PAR2 then by tzanger · · Score: 1

      Actually (audio) CDs don't have much for error correction at all; they use interleaving and interpolation to play even badly scratched CDs. Data CDs, as you point out, do indeed have significant amounts of error correction data encoded onto the disc.

  59. Norton ProVirus... by T0mWil5on · · Score: 1

    ...has detected Amoxycylin.w64 in this email attachment!

  60. Mankind by theuedimaster · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Pretty soon we're gonna find out that human DNA was just supposed be storage for Alien pornography.

    1. Re:Mankind by jimstapleton · · Score: 1

      that's 4^3000000000 potential values in terms of data.
      (compared to a gigabyte hard drive which is 2^8000000000 potential values)

      Not much storage capacity.

      --
      34486853790
      Connection too slow for X forwarding? Try "ssh -CX user@host"
    2. Re:Mankind by ioshhdflwuegfh · · Score: 1

      Or that human DNA and (illegal) Alien DNA are the same, pornographically speaking.

    3. Re:Mankind by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There was a (pretty dumb) Star Trek TNG episode based on that idea. Well, without the 'porn' part.

    4. Re:Mankind by saskboy · · Score: 1

      ... Which would explain why we have sex, and invented latex and hand cuffs.

      This DNA modification sounds scary though. Are we not going to unleash a superbug when we cause an encoding error while trying to write Grandma's canning process on bacteria?

      --
      Saskboy's blog is good. 9 out of 10 dentists agree.
    5. Re:Mankind by Frozen+Void · · Score: 1

      If they are THAT stupid.

    6. Re:Mankind by Seraphim_72 · · Score: 1
      Hmmm... As each base pair can only be constructed one way I would say that the (theoretical) 3 billion bases pairs = 3 billion bits. Which works out to be about .35G little of a third of a Gig, call it a 400G Hard drive. Which if you work it out is .35G per DNA/20TB per LoC ~= .00001705 DNA/LoC Then multiply that by 29x10^6 number of books per LoC ~= 494 books. Meh, still a lot of data in plain text.

      Sera

      --
      Slashdot, where armchair scientists get shouted down and armchair theologians get modded up.
    7. Re:Mankind by RDW · · Score: 1

      You can have any of the 4 different base pairs at each position, though, so each base is equivalent to 2 binary digits, e.g.:

      T = 00
      C = 01
      A = 10
      G = 11

      (the paired base on the other DNA strand doesn't add any information, of course, since its identity is specified by its partner).

      In fact, 2 bit binary formats are commonly used to represent large DNA sequences in a compact way, as in UCSC's .2bit format:

      http://genome.ucsc.edu/FAQ/FAQformat#format7

      This makes (e.g.) whole human genome BLAT alignment searches manageable on a 32-bit PC with 1.5 Gb RAM (less once the server is up and running).

  61. Obligatory... by Snospar · · Score: 1

    I collect spores, mold, and fungus. -Dr. Spengler

    --
    Moore's law is not a law. Theory, yes; Predictable trend, certainly; Law, no.
  62. link to the paper by satya+nanda+vel · · Score: 1

    "Alignment-Based Approach for Durable Data Storage into Living Organisms" Yachie N, Sekiyama K, Sugahara J, Ohashi Y, Tomita M.; Biotechnol Prog. 2007 Jan 25; http://pubs3.acs.org/acs/journals/doilookup?in_doi =10.1021/bp060261y

    --
    sappcm
  63. Natural Selection to Resolve Theoretical Disputes by wisegreyman · · Score: 1

    Newsflash! String theory put to the test in a petri dish with other competing theories. Funding pulled from the Large Hadron Collider and put toward damp sponges.

  64. All your base are belong to us by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    In other news, Scientists recently discovered the phrase "ALL YOUR BASE ARE BELONG TO US" encoded in a pattern found in the DNA of The Humane Genome Project.

  65. Executable data in DNA by M0b1u5 · · Score: 1

    Executable data in DNA is life.

    And not to worry; we'll have that well cracked soon enough.

    --
    How many escape pods are there? "NONE,SIR!" You counted them? "TWICE, SIR!"
  66. Obvious problem in using DNA to store information: by Amitz+Sekali · · Score: 1

    Evolution of data

    --
    If you delay pleasure infinitely, the pleasure will be infinite. (YM)
  67. Only one problem by Stooshie · · Score: 1

    As far as I can see there is only one problem with this as a long term storage media. Presumably the researchers use some protocol to encode the data into the CGTA format of DNA. Where will they store this protocol so that future generations (in Millenia) can un-encode the data?

    --
    America, Home of the Brave. ... .and the Squaw.
  68. Needs an immune system by Simulacrus · · Score: 1

    I think this could be made to work if genetically defective mutants are identified and killed by some kind of maintenance immune system (the way cancerous cells are killed in most healthy animals). Of course, it's debatable how long the immune system could carry on the task until some unidentifiable/pathological mutations occur (in the immune system itself, too). Most humans don't seem to be able to last much beyond about 90 years and stay cancer free.

  69. Evolution of data. by grantsellis · · Score: 1

    It becomes schlock!



    OK, that being on topic kind of scared me.
  70. Though most likely used to store by dilvish_the_damned · · Score: 1

    Copyright 2008, All Rights Reserved

    Copying Illegal.

    --
    I think you underestimate just how much I just dont care.
  71. Late but great: by 192939495969798999 · · Score: 1

    All your base pairs are belong to us!

    --
    stuff |
  72. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  73. Jaron Lanier already proposed this using... by wisebabo · · Score: 1

    This idea was already proposed by (at least) Jaron Lanier of Virtual Reality fame. In 1999 The New York TImes asked for submissions by various tech-notables and others to design a "time capsule" that would be filled on Jan 1 2000 and opened (hopefully not before then) on Jan 1 3000. I believe the winner would see the design actually built.

    Anyway Mr. Lanier proposed only party tongue-in-cheek that they encode the data in the most indestuctrable, pervasive, consipcuous organism around (at least in New York): Cockroaches. When one considers their extreme adaptability, resistance to pesticides, traps, radiation, predators etc. and the large size of their genmoe to carry data, it might be even be better than bacteria (you might have a lot of microscopic strains to look through before finding the right one, maybe the cockroaches could engineered to have a distinctive visual marking... but I digress.

    By the way, this proposal did not win the contest, in the end the editors decided on a beautiful, scultural object prominently located (at the grand entrance to the Musuem of Natuarl History?). Their reasoning was that such an object, being of obvious value in more ways than one, would be continuously maintained and "remembered" so that it would not fall into disrepair or oblvious. Of course this presumes there is no sort of civilzational collapse, whereas the only thing that could wipe out the cockroaches would have taken us out as well.

    The New York Times Magazine millenial issue which is where this and the other ideas are presented is a great read. Find a copy and encode it into your neurons.

  74. Re:If you believe life on Earth came from outer sp by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
  75. ST-TNG novel by Lazarian · · Score: 1

    I know it's offtopic, but the article reminded me of an old ST-TNG novel called "Contagion", where a genetically engineered supervirus was spreading around planets in the Federation. While Dr. Crusher was working on decoding a strange sequence in the viral DNA, they were astonished to find the phrase "HAHA YOU'RE DEAD" come up on the computer screen.

  76. Junk DNA is not CVS by Richard+Kirk · · Score: 1
    When an organism mutated, I wondered whether the old version might be stuck under CVS somewhere in the genome. Think of how many generations of mice you must have between each ice age. Suddenly, you are the first mouse in 20 000 generations that has to deal with an ice age. If your current survival strategy is not working, under stress you might revert to an earlier version. After all, earlier versions had worked once, and might be better then trying mutations at random.

    Unfortunately, junk DNA is not a place for information. Unlike most 'junk' things, junk DNA is often very clean repeated patterns that cannot contain much information. In general, smaller cells have less junk DNA, suggesting that it may have some structural purpose. The amino acid set is a nice molecular lego for bulding all sorts of shapes, as well as storing information. There may be a repository, but it isn't in junk DNA.

  77. windows vista AIDS by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    need I say more

  78. Information Decay by MrSteveSD · · Score: 1

    Surely the encoded information (although useful to us) is completely useless in terms of increasing the likelihood of survival. So surely it would naturally decay away due to mutations etc. i.e. There would be no selection pressure for keeping the sequence.

  79. Next disc please... by bhamlin · · Score: 1

    I can see it now... (Windows install of the future!) Please insert bacterium labeled "2,635,809,792 of 3,709,551,616"

  80. the killer joke epidemic by bukys · · Score: 1

    Whatever you do, don't encode the killer joke in a communicable germ!

  81. I liked this story better... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...when it was fiction.

  82. almost begs the question by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    How do we know there isn't data already installed? Shouldn't all the wackos who hold that we are a colony from some previous great race be looking for information --- wouldn't we have a colony serial number dumped into the genome? Maybe that's what all those genes that look like filler are or the ones that appear to be vestigial!

  83. What about preserving means to read the data? by Cyran0 · · Score: 1

    It's great that they're finding ways to preserve data for longer periods of time. The idea of data simply disappearing because of the deterioration of the storage media is disturbing. However, what are we going to do with all that data after a millenia?

    Our existing, relatively short-term storage media is replete with data that we can no longer read after only a decade or two. Certainly, not all data formats have been abandoned, but many do, and once that happens, all of that data is effectively useless.

    This is not a new problem. The library where I work recently found a box of lantern slides; we were gifted several boxes of 78s and Victrola records. Presuming they are in good condition (these were), data on these storage media has lasted far longer than what current storage media can provide, but how do we get at it?

    This is why microfilm and microfiche are still considered the de-facto preservation media of choice, in spite of the fact that everyone (librarians included) *hates* to use them. Stored properly, the media has an enormous life span, and all you need is a sufficiently strong lens to retrieve the data in a usable format.

  84. What would happen if I... by nremorse · · Score: 1

    put penicillin on the processor?

  85. Annoying people by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Are the people who annoy you the most, who are "real assholes" to everyone, are they the Alien equivalent of the Goatse website?

  86. Why does everyone love PI? by Dareth · · Score: 1

    I am sure aliens sophisticated enough to travel the stars and populate other planets can get PI to equal a constant value in their numbering system, not a stupid, non-repeating decimal value.

    --

    I only look human.
    My mother is a halfling and my dad is an ogre, so that makes me an Ogreling
  87. Antibiotic Resistance? by Comboman · · Score: 1
    I'd bet the target sequence is linked to a selectable antibiotic resistance gene as well, otherwise this would be impossible.

    Great, it isn't bad enough that the overuse of antibiotics has created resistant strains of bacteria; now we're creating them on purpose to store computer data. Am I the only one who thinks that's a bad idea?

    --
    Support Right To Repair Legislation.
    1. Re:Antibiotic Resistance? by skinfaxi · · Score: 1

      Read up on genetic engineering and selectable markers. The antibiotic resistance is a selectable marker, for use when you are in the lab and studying genes, not for releasing into the wild. It's done all the time, don't panic!

    2. Re:Antibiotic Resistance? by eli+pabst · · Score: 1

      Great, it isn't bad enough that the overuse of antibiotics has created resistant strains of bacteria; now we're creating them on purpose to store computer data.

      The antibiotic resistance genes have naturally evolved in wild strains of bacteria, we just put them to our use in the lab. Most strains of bacteria used in the lab are pathogenically harmless and engineered so that they lack crucial metabolic genes that would be required for growth in the wild. So in a culture where you've supplemented the media with various factors for growth they grow like gangbusters, but would grow poorly in the environment where they'd compete against wild strains. Even if they did manage to grow, the antibiotic genes are already out there so it's not like we'd be introducing anything new. Btw, this isn't anything especially new for data storage, scientists have been using them for years for research purposes.

  88. mutative side effects? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Any chance of this creating a new, bad, very bad, disease?

    for get terror by anthrax, what if someone leaked a beta windows?

  89. far reaching implications by bensafrickingenius · · Score: 1

    Wonderful, now instead of my myspace antics just wrecking my next job interview, they can haunt my great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-gr eat-great-great-great-great-great-great- great-great-great-grandkids, too!

    --
    I am not left-handed, either!
  90. Heh Reminds me of... by ikkonoishi · · Score: 1

    http://www.schlockmercenary.com/d/20011216.html

    In a few million years they will become sentient, and very violent.

  91. But we MEANT well! by aochsner · · Score: 1

    Add it to the list w/ Africanized Killer Bees http://www.petmedsonline.org/killer-bees-and-other -mistakes.html

  92. RASPS by adcm · · Score: 1

    Redundant Array of Self-Replicating Pornographic Storage

  93. at last, a use for networked refrigerators! by swschrad · · Score: 1

    25 terabytes inside, between the potato salad and the stuff in the cool whip container (whatever it once was,) and gigabyte ethernet out to the rest of the house.

    got that already, all I need is to put the network card in the icemaker slot...

    --
    if this is supposed to be a new economy, how come they still want my old fashioned money?
  94. 42 by Alchemar · · Score: 2, Funny

    They can actually store 7 x 6 in a DNA sequence for furture generations to read? I wonder what the question would read in about 3 million years. The power of DNA is to corrupt itself slightly.

  95. And the good thing is by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    with IPv6 there would be an unique IP-Address for each baceria!

  96. In Soviet China... by guruevi · · Score: 2, Funny

    ...bacteria store YOU... especially if you are addicted to the Intarhweb

    --
    Custom electronics and digital signage for your business: www.evcircuits.com
    1. Re:In Soviet China... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I too thought this was time for a soviet joke. Yours makes more sense, but I was thinking along the lines of "data replicates you"

  97. Brings a new meaning to threats of... by non0score · · Score: 1

    ...bugs with buffer overruns. Imagine writing DNA to somewhere one shouldn't be writing.

  98. Now... by omgamibig · · Score: 1

    ...data is no longer lost, it becomes extinct.

  99. Evolution by Freddles · · Score: 1

    And because evolution/mutation is a myth there'd be no chance of your data ever being corrupted.

  100. First Encoding by fyngyrz · · Score: 2, Funny

    In other news, what was presumed to be junk DNA in the human genome has been decoded. It turns out it contains a message: "Help - I'm trapped in a creature factory."

    --
    I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
  101. I can just imagine... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    A thousand years from now, some scientist will find a bacteria colony buried in the ruins of New New York, and it'll turn out to be a fucking episode of Big Brother.

  102. Borges, as always, was there first by pdh11 · · Score: 1
  103. Another use? by Anachragnome · · Score: 1

    I am far from a mathematician or a geneticist, but would it be possible to use this natural mutation function as a means of processing information?

    Encoding values into the DNA, then using natural processes within the critter (hormone/nervous feedback loop, as an example)to demonstrate changes made to the values by mutation? Is there technology to manipulate mutations in any meaningful sense, possibly creating "commands" or "filters"?

    Its a thought..........

  104. Whew, that was close by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    they stored "e= mc2 1905!", which happens to be a fine random pattern of bits, but it turns out that "e!=mc2 1964!" is the DNA pattern for the 1907 flu!

  105. Moo by Chacham · · Score: 1

    Behold, the first open-source virus.

    1. Re:Moo by Plekto · · Score: 1

      Let's just hope some odd message doesn't turn something like bread mold into the next Aids pandemic.

      Tinkering with genetics in any way is asking for a big can of cosmic whup-ass from Mother Nature.

  106. Obligitory old game ref by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    I know some wit must have already said it but I can't resist...

    "All your base(pairs) are belong to us!"

  107. viruses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So now if your hard drive gets a virus, will it start sneezing?

  108. Adaptively neutral DNA doesn't exist by IdahoEv · · Score: 1

    ... in the biological world.

    Yes in a computer system you can make genes that are truly adaptively neutral. Even so they are subject to genetic drift.

    But in a biological system the organism must expend energy to maintain and duplicate DNA. Therefore every codon has a small but implicit fitness cost. If the benefit of the gene does not overcome the fitness cost of carrying it around and copying it, natural selection will quickly eliminate it.

    Junk DNA isn't "junk". It has a purpose, otherwise we would have gotten rid of it. In many cases we even now understand the purpose. The only identifying feature of junk DNA is that it does not directly code for proteins via the normal transcription and translation.

    Bacteria are much more parsimonious about their chromosomes than eukaryotes. They generally have very small and efficient genomes; I wouldn't hold much stock in long-term data storage with this system.

    --
    I stole this sig from someone cleverer than me.
  109. p2p by colton+cummings · · Score: 1

    Filesharing becomes as easy as sneezing!

    --
    XaNk: now I remember why I hated the girls in high school
    XaNk: because none of them would talk to me
  110. joe davis & dnagraphy by dantho · · Score: 2, Informative

    well, this is not news really. joe davis (MIT) suceeded doing this several years ago. he recoded E.COLI bacteria - taken off of space detritus. read more: Scientific American

    dont wanna click: here is some nice info about him:
    * Expelled from three high schools and two colleges: for writing about atheism, refusing a haircut, making a still (which exploded), being elected student body president on a "free marijuana" platform and working on an underground anti-war newspaper.

    * Walked into the M.I.T. Center for Advanced Visual Studies uninvited in 1982. Secretary called the cops. Forty-five minutes later, Davis walked out with an appointment as a research fellow. (TRUE)

    * Latest project is to build a biomechanical ornithopter powered by electrically stimulated frogs legs and to fly it across the Charles river. (it worked and he ate the frogs legs.)

    * Uses hollow steel peg leg to open beer bottles, to accompany the band (bugle-style) at his local bar, and to charm curious women at parties. (TRUE, but he can do more...)

  111. T-Shirt by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "My Klingon elder conducted ruthless intergalactic warfare and all I got was this lousy junk DNA"

  112. We must ensure future civilizations by Myrkridian42 · · Score: 1

    ...will know that all their base are belong to us.

  113. Andromedata Strain by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It would sure suck though if your data was just the right set of bits to create Bacterizilla...

  114. The Preserving Machine by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Read Philip K. Dick's story "The Preserving Machine" to see what he made of a similar idea.

  115. Argh! My Antivirus s/w just killed my hard drive! by Wilk4 · · Score: 1

    So how do you protect your system from a virus when your system *is* a virus?

    Do we worry that our anti-virus software now kills the system?

    "Oops, did I just spread all your data on my sandwich?"

    (yes, I know the diff between bacterian & virus, but have used the same name for the sake of the jokes... ;-)

  116. Virtual Virus becomes real.... by cybrangl · · Score: 1

    Great,now the right virus written to memory can create a real deadly virus. "What do you mean my corrupt file caused the extinction of the whales?"

  117. Coincidental White Plague Ahead by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    How about storing hints to help engineer an antidote to this specific strain and scaring the shit out of the people 5000 years ahead when they analyze the bacteria to find a cure to the disease that wiped out 90% of humanity?

  118. Really Quite Something !! by Apollux · · Score: 1

    It has been eons since I was so truly excited about a Slashdot news. Think of the possibilities after the technology gest adapted from bacterias into human beens. The word "heritage" will change forever. About the long term capabity of bacteria, it does have the potential, but I get that new bio-storage media would need even more delicate handling than current optical storage.

  119. Honey... by had3z · · Score: 1

    our bacteria computer caught a virus.
    - Meh, just give it two aspirin and it'll be as good as new

  120. File Format Compatibility by pubwvj · · Score: 1

    The long term storage has a bigger problem and that is file format longevity. Computer software makers abandon users when they abandon old formats. Data formats should be supported forever and this article points it out so well.

  121. Star Trek by jax9999 · · Score: 0

    Wasn't this an episode of star trek next gen?

    Picard and co discover that the first humanoid species encoded a message in the dna of different species.

  122. animated gif in bacterias by sci-fe · · Score: 1

    http//www.polycinease.com

  123. animated gif stored in bacterias by sci-fe · · Score: 1

    http//www.polycinease.com