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Solid State Drives - Fast, Rugged, and Expensive

Nick Breen writes "Are solid state drives becoming a reality? Loyd Case over at ExtremeTech has written an article concerning the current state of SSD with a comparison between a Samsung 64GB SATA and a Super Talent 32GB SATA. While they showed impressive speed rates when placed against a hard disk drive, the occasional sporadic statistic (and high cost) indicate they're not quite ready for the mainstream. Dell and Alienware have been shipping laptops with SSDs for months now, and Apple may be rolling out one of their own next year. Is the time of the solid-state drive almost at hand? Does anyone have any first-hand, practical experience with SSD?"

215 comments

  1. Huh? by ScrewMaster · · Score: 5, Funny

    What exactly is a "sporadic statistic"?

    --
    The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
    1. Re:Huh? by Tackhead · · Score: 5, Informative
      > What exactly is a "sporadic statistic"?

      A statistic that is neither a lie nor a damn lie.

      They appear very sporadically. (For values of "sporadically" approaching epsilon, at least 19 times out of 20)

    2. Re:Huh? by Aehgts · · Score: 4, Funny

      A statistic that is neither a lie nor a damn lie.
      Ah, so like a drop-bear. Scary, but thankfully nonexistant.
      --
      "If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be called research, would it?" - Albert Einstein
    3. Re:Huh? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      I think it's a euphemism for "I don't know what I'm talking about." :)

    4. Re:Huh? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      Ah, so like a drop-bear. Scary, but thankfully nonexistant.

      It only seems that way because you mistyped the link. Try this one.

    5. Re:Huh? by somersault · · Score: 1

      I think "I think" is a euphemism or "I don't know what I'm talking about, but.."

      --
      which is totally what she said
    6. Re:Huh? by JeffSchwab · · Score: 2, Interesting

      IANAS, but I'm guessing this is what the pros call an "outlier."

  2. the executor by User+956 · · Score: 5, Funny

    Does anyone have any first-hand, practical experience with SSD?

    I know Darth Vader had his own SSD, but that's probably not what you're talking about.

    --
    The theory of relativity doesn't work right in Arkansas.
    1. Re:the executor by Tavor · · Score: 4, Funny

      Yeah, but the seek time on the Executor is horrible! Ever try to find one worker on the port side, when you are on the bridge? Not to mention the random A-Wing events causing the whole drive to crash!

      --
      Windows has detected an undetectable error.
    2. Re:the executor by Brian+Gordon · · Score: 1

      At least it's secure. That system is air tight.

    3. Re:the executor by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I know Darth Vader had his own SSD

      So that's where the missing e-mails are stored.

    4. Re:the executor by renegadesx · · Score: 1

      Announcing a Remastered Return of the Jedi where Super Star Destroyers are airtight and blasters are replaced by walkie talkies

      --
      Make SELinux enforcing again!
    5. Re:the executor by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Plus the MTTF is, what, an hour?

    6. Re:the executor by Peyre · · Score: 1

      "You have failed me for the last time, flash drive..."

  3. you left impractical off the list by timmarhy · · Score: 0, Troll

    they seriously are not that much tougher then a laptop hd.

    --
    If you mod me down, I will become more powerful than you can imagine....
    1. Re:you left impractical off the list by calebt3 · · Score: 1

      Is that because SSDs are not actually all that durable, or that laptop HDs are?

    2. Re:you left impractical off the list by timmarhy · · Score: 3, Insightful
      A little of both.

      SSD's have a short life span due to cell memory, and they aren't immune to shocks damaging them. laptop hd's will take all kinds of poundings, only a direct solid hit during a r/w would possibly damage them

      --
      If you mod me down, I will become more powerful than you can imagine....
    3. Re:you left impractical off the list by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And you base this on what? I recall having seen tests on solid state drives (albeit with different interface but that is not terribly relevant) dropped from great height, nailed to a tree, set on fire etc. with remarkable resilience.

    4. Re:you left impractical off the list by HTH+NE1 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      SSD's have a short life span due to cell memory The larger the drive, the more spread out the wear, the longer it will ast. By my calculations, a 1 GiB NAND Flash as a TiVo's video drive rerecording the same data every 30 minutes would last 570 years.

      If I've made a mistake in those calculations, I'd appreciate a correction before I feel compelled to cite them again.
      --
      Oh, say does that Star-Spangled Banner entwine / The myrtle of Venus with Bacchus's vine?
    5. Re:you left impractical off the list by afidel · · Score: 2, Interesting

      and they aren't immune to shocks damaging them.

      Yes they are, for all intents and purposes. If you don't believe me see this story about a CF card that survived the collapse of the WTC.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    6. Re:you left impractical off the list by PoliTech · · Score: 4, Interesting
      "they seriously are not that much tougher then a laptop hd."

      I would like to see a citation for that claim. From my team's research, SSDs are much much tougher than any spindle HD. But toughness may not be a factor for you when evaluating SSDs, (it wasn't for us).

      Our test SSD laptops have also demonstrated much improved battery life. On a D630 we are seeing four and a half hour battery life with standard stock batteries. That's a two hour increase. Use larger cell count batteries and battery life will just get better. A laptop equiped with an eight cell battery and a secondary battery licated in the Optical drive bay, we have experienced eight hour-plus battery life.

      Our boot times are also improved with SSD. Since we also encrypt, (and if anyone has used encryption on a Windows domain then they have likely experienced a hit with login times) we were most impressed with the performance improvement of encrypted SSD, when compared to a traditional HD on the same equipment. Write times are not as much improved, but there is no negative impact either.

      Our experiences have been good enough that we are planning to order SSD on all new laptops for next year. The improvement in Battery life alone is worth the price of admission. Toughness, and increased write speed are icing on the cake.

    7. Re:you left impractical off the list by TooMuchToDo · · Score: 1

      While I know this info would only be anecdotal, make sure to keep track of failure rates.

    8. Re:you left impractical off the list by timmarhy · · Score: 1

      thats nice but we aren't talking about a CF card we are talking about a SSD, which has more electronics in it which can flex and malfunction

      --
      If you mod me down, I will become more powerful than you can imagine....
    9. Re:you left impractical off the list by timmarhy · · Score: 3, Informative
      your assumptions are all flawed because you assume the best case scenario for everything.

      I on the other hand am basing my assumptions on real world experiences working with industrial equipment that uses CF cards for hard drives in mobile fleet equipment.

      in the real world i've seen a 10% failure rate on CF cards (which are tougher then SSD's i might add) over 12 months WITHOUT any write action at all.

      --
      If you mod me down, I will become more powerful than you can imagine....
    10. Re:you left impractical off the list by timmarhy · · Score: 1
      "I would like to see a citation for that claim"

      I don't need to i have all the experience i need to make the claim. I work in pretty extreme conditions and the CF based devices we use in our trucks fail 10% of the time over 12 months, vs our laptop which get lugged around in the same conditions and don't fail any more or less.

      --
      If you mod me down, I will become more powerful than you can imagine....
    11. Re:you left impractical off the list by Sen.NullProcPntr · · Score: 3, Informative

      If I've made a mistake in those calculations, I'd appreciate a correction before I feel compelled to cite them again.

      Assuming NAND figures of 1,000,000 rewrites before a failure:

      1,000,000 writes/bitfailure / 139.8 writes/year = 7153 years/bitfailure

      I haven't confirmed the rest of your math but you appear to be off by an order of magnitude for the number of erase/write cycles without an error.

      This quote is from a recent Intel 2Gb NAND chip;

      First block (block address 00h): -- Guaranteed to be valid up to 1,000 PROGRAM/ERASE cycles (you can view the first block as the boot block, that is - very important) And;

      On-chip control logic automates PROGRAM and ERASE operations to maximize cycle endurance. ERASE/ PROGRAM endurance is specified at 100,000 cycles when using appropriate error correcting code (ECC) and error management. I interpret this to mean 100,000 cycles without an uncorrectable error but you can expect to see random bit errors after only 1,000 cycles. You will need the overhead of error detection and correction as well as mapping the bad section of memory to another area (your read times will be slower than the theoretical max). You will find the 1,000/100,000 numbers pretty much standard among NAND manufactures.

      That said, I agree that NAND is reliable and is most certainly _the_ replacement for mechanical hard drives.
    12. Re:you left impractical off the list by HTH+NE1 · · Score: 1

      My source for 1,000,000 writes before failure was Wikipedia, contemporaneous with the posting.

      --
      Oh, say does that Star-Spangled Banner entwine / The myrtle of Venus with Bacchus's vine?
    13. Re:you left impractical off the list by afidel · · Score: 2, Informative

      Samsung's datasheet says their drive is rated to 1,000g, that's 10x better than even the best shock isolated laptop drives with physical spindles and enough shock that you'd probably break the motherboard, lcd, etc long before you damaged the drive.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    14. Re:you left impractical off the list by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why are CF cards tougher than SSDs?

    15. Re:you left impractical off the list by Sen.NullProcPntr · · Score: 2, Informative

      My source for 1,000,000 writes before failure was Wikipedia, contemporaneous with the posting. That was your first mistake;-)
      Not sure where the Wiki is getting its numbers from maybe reference [5]? an old (2003) Toshiba marketing pamphlet (for some reason hosted by a chip programmer company [Data-io]).
      I would like to see a real datasheet claiming 1,000,000 writes.
      Even Mtron is only claiming 140 years for their SSD with its "advanced wear-leveling technology" (they reiterate 100,000 cycles for an individual chip).
    16. Re:you left impractical off the list by magarity · · Score: 2, Informative

      On a D630 we are seeing four and a half hour battery life with standard stock batteries
       
      I also have a D630 with the stock battery and I get just over 4 hours with a normal hard drive thanks to using RightMark's CPU utility to lower the voltage by 30% from the factory setting. You should try it in combination with the SSD and the thing will run for days on an extended battery. (your CPU might not be stable at 30% lower like mine but you'll be able to lower it some)

    17. Re:you left impractical off the list by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "the CF based devices we use in our trucks"

      Not necessarily the same quality, pal.

    18. Re:you left impractical off the list by osu-neko · · Score: 1

      Let me guess, your trucks are hauling around crates full of Western Digital drives? ;)

      --
      "Convictions are more dangerous enemies of truth than lies."
    19. Re:you left impractical off the list by cecil_turtle · · Score: 1

      Every time the SSD discussion comes up I see numbers quoted from 10,000 to 10,000,000 writes. Keep in mind the one number on Intel's data sheet was guaranteed writes. Also we're at the end of 2007 and this is fast moving technology. I think a lot of the lower numbers quoted are a couple years old and yet people keep quoting them. Too lazy to look up links right now, but instead of looking at data sheets there were a few recent tests done, and I seem to remember that the results were in the 2,000,0000 - 5,000,000 ballpark.

    20. Re:you left impractical off the list by mathew7 · · Score: 1

      All these cycles are given as one cell write cycles. But flash has more than the advertised cells (spare cells). And these are written every time a block is wrote. So a newly written spare block becomes the new block while the old block is moved to the spare blocks. So in theory, you can exceed those write cycles, even by writing data to the same sector. After all, that's why it's called "wear leveling". I think DVD-RAM (and DVD+-RW, but in SW if used in packet writing mode) uses the same algorithm.
      My only concern is how/where the mapping is stored.
      Besides, I would be satisfied if I would get 3-5 years with no errors. I had to deal with corrupted cards, but usually it was with low-cost cards used in low-cost cameras. And I also would like to try an XP installation on my 4GB Corsair Voyaget GT.

      PS: wear leveling explained by Corsair (pdf)

    21. Re:you left impractical off the list by Mattsson · · Score: 1

      Are the laptops-drives running when lugged around or not?
      A parked drive can withstand a lot more abuse than one that is spinning.

      With a little search through the Samsung web-site I found out that their 2.5" and 1.8" harddrive are specified at 1G while operating and their SSD drives are specified at 20G while operating..

      --
      /.Mattsson - My native language is not English, so please don't whine over linguistic errors. (That's lame anyway...)
  4. Got one, love it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    I've put one 32GB 1.8" IDE SuperTalent SSD in my Thinkpad X40, to replace that ever-failing 1.8" mechanical Hitachi crap, and formatted it with Reiser4 + cryptcompress. I LOVE IT. Fast, silent, more battery life, and, best of all, reliable. It was worth every buck.

    1. Re:Got one, love it by calebt3 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Since these drives do not have a head moving along a platter, what would be the most efficient partition format for them? It's not like the same rules apply.

    2. Re:Got one, love it by ewhenn · · Score: 1

      I would imagine it would be once large partition as SSDs have a cell memory, where each cell can be written to X number of times before expected failure. SSDs cycle where they write data as to not wear out one cell too quickly. If you split it into partitions, then you ahve the possibility of once partition beinge very active, but another partition not beign touched. This could lead to premature device failure, in the "overworked" part of the drive.

      At least from what I've read thats what I gather.

    3. Re:Got one, love it by Abalamahalamatandra · · Score: 4, Informative

      That doesn't sound right to me - I believe, unless I'm mistaken, that the controller on the drive levels writes across the entire drive, regardless of the partitioning scheme in place.

      So even if your drive has, say, four partitions and one is written to a lot more than the others, that doesn't matter because the controller considers the entire flash space for write leveling.

    4. Re:Got one, love it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Binary.

    5. Re:Got one, love it by z0M6 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      No. the wear is leveled out over the whole drive so you can partition however you want to. If only to serve as some mental map like: "I want root partition to use this much space, and the swap to have this much, and then some for my document etc"

    6. Re:Got one, love it by opspin · · Score: 0

      My Thinkpad X40 died some time ago so I finally got around to buying an 8 GB Transcend SSD for just under US$ 300, this isn't actually that bad as 1.8 inch harddrives are ridiculously expensive. The harddrive worked perfectly right out of the box.

      The harddisk is obviosly completely silent the only way to tell it's working is the harddisk light, unfortunately my battery is very old and doesn't hold up long, but I still get maybe 1 to 2 hours out of it with the new harddrive. I'm assuming I'm getting more battery than before.

      I wrote a blog about the whole thing if you're interested. http://blog.opspin.dk/2007/09/ssd.html

    7. Re:Got one, love it by Adm.Wiggin · · Score: 1

      Would this mean that, theoretically speaking, Fat32 could be faster than some other partitioning scheme designed to lighten the load on specific sectors? As long as the flash chip is already balancing things, I would think it would be a good idea to just let it do its job.

    8. Re:Got one, love it by mathew7 · · Score: 1

      Not true...it has spares and exchanges those with existing blocks ONLY when they are written. But if you never write to "LBA block x", it will never participate in wear leveling. That's because it has to retain the data in the physical sector, and that's done by copying, which slow down the drive. While it is possible to do it, it's not feasible for consumer products as it's too complex. I put a post with a link to Corsairs FAQ.

    9. Re:Got one, love it by d99-sbr · · Score: 1

      That sounds very interesting. I've got the X40, and I'm on my second HDD and more than willing to swap it for SSD, but I thought the strange HDD connector prohibited that.

      Where did you get the SuperTalent?

    10. Re:Got one, love it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I suspect you believe it even if you are mistaken.

    11. Re:Got one, love it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I got the SuperTalent from SuperTalent themselves : I ordered it online from their site. You have to pay in full and in advance by remittance, but the price is obviously lower than from a reseller, and you get it very quickly. And their salesperson was absolutely charming.

  5. Where is this applicable? by RiotXIX · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I was going to buy a small one (15GB?) and put my linux partition on it (PC, so mobile benefits don't matter), but figured not too because of the fact that the number of times you can re-write is less. But according to "Because of these wear-leveling techniques, and the fact that a modern NAND device can sustain up to one million write cycles, the overall lifetime of an SSD can be decades. So losing capacity due to flash write cycles is probably not an issue", the option is now still back on.

    But the re-write times are twice as slow! (ok I can live with that). But the read times are faster...as a home user, WHERE is this going to benefit me? Will I notice a diffence in 'vim file' or playing/streaming music?

    I could maybe see if I were using a laptop, but I don't get how this would benefit me.

    Thanks for taking the time to answer if anyone can persuade me different.
    I might just get it for the cleanness of having a small segregated linux drive - really that's the best reason I can see.

    --
    "You know you don't act like a scientist, you're more like a game show host." Dana Barret
    1. Re:Where is this applicable? by beavis88 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      For me personally, the biggest benefit would be silence. My hard drives are easily the loudest part of my machines.

    2. Re:Where is this applicable? by isj · · Score: 1

      I recently changed the traditional HD to a flash (sata-to-compactflash adapter from Linitx, and a 16GB extreme3 from sandisk). The benefits so far: No noise. Less power use. Much faster startup (essentially no seek time). Alle my writes usually is done on files located on NFS.

    3. Re:Where is this applicable? by aztracker1 · · Score: 1

      I'd be thinking in terms of speed/energy.. but the sizes are too small, and raiding these would be absolutely too expensive... It would be a good option in servers, where SAS drives are considered.. so I would expect to see an SAS interface before too long, and probably with wider adoption before we see desktop NAND drives become commonplace. Don't get me wrong, I'd love 1TB of NAND space... I think that 64GB is enough for most people's system partition though.. if I could get a 64GB NAND drive for $200 I probably would just for my core OS and swap... Would still need a much bigger drive for other storage though.

      --
      Michael J. Ryan - tracker1.info
    4. Re:Where is this applicable? by tlhIngan · · Score: 4, Insightful

      But the re-write times are twice as slow! (ok I can live with that). But the read times are faster...as a home user, WHERE is this going to benefit me? Will I notice a diffence in 'vim file' or playing/streaming music?


      Actually, if you do any sort of multitasking, you'll probably notice it's a lot "snappier" (apps load faster, switching apps doesn't seem to take so long, etc). Or if you're a typical home user with decent RAM but still have all the usual crapware loaded, WIndows won't feel so slow. Or you don't defragment your disks and let your disk get horribly fragmented...

      The deal with SSDs is that they can manage their peak datarates all the time. With disks, the smaller the I/O transfer, the slower the disk becomes. If you have a disk with a 5ms seek time, you're limited to 20 I/Os per second. If you read maybe 16 sectors each (8kiB), it means your disk throughput is on the order of... 160kiB/sec. Seeks are taking a lot of time compared to the actual time it takes to read the disk.

      An SSD has negligible seek time, so reading those 160kiB off an SSD won't take noticably longer than reading 160kiB in one read (the overhead of doing the transaction over the ATA bus is the biggest overhead).

      You won't use an SSD if you need high throughput, where you're basically doing huge writes or huge reads (i.e., media center media disks, video capture/production, etc). But a home user that's doing a lot of little random I/O will notice that the entire system feels "snappier" as the I/O is mostly seek-bound, not throughput-bound (small I/O). This applies as time goes on as most people don't defragment their disks (you don't have to, or should, with an SSD, since wear-levelling may still not put it contiguously on the flash media), so even a heavily fragmented disk will still feel fast with an SSD.
    5. Re:Where is this applicable? by afidel · · Score: 4, Informative

      You're off by a factor of 10 there, 1sec/5ms=200 I/O's per second which still gives only 1.6MB/s for totally random reads for 8KB blocks.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    6. Re:Where is this applicable? by timeOday · · Score: 5, Informative

      WHERE is this going to benefit me?
      Did you look at the "real world" benchmark results? The Samsung SSD drive destroyed the traditional drive by 400%-500% in 6 tests (including OS startup, app loading, gaming) and was about equal in the other two (media center and video editing).

      Unless you know of some special reason why sustained write speed is critical, you should probably be looking more closely at access time, where SSD blows mechanical drives out of the water.

      No doubt, mechanical drives still rule capacity/price, but with the growth rates of the two technologies over the past several years, SSD could take over soon.

    7. Re:Where is this applicable? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      For me personally, the biggest benefit would be silence. My hard drives are easily the loudest part of my machines.
      I recently replaced my desktop computer case with some random cheap antec model that has rubber grommets for mounting the hard drives. Same two hard drive in the old dell case could be heard down the hall. One sounded very clicky when running, the other kind of high pitched singing noise. With the rubber grommets in the cheapo antec, I can't hear the harddrives at all over my 120mm fan set at low speed. I have to use the blinky lights on the case front to tell if the harddrive is in use. I was more than a little surprised at how much a difference it was.
    8. Re:Where is this applicable? by Dan+East · · Score: 1

      But the read times are faster...as a home user, WHERE is this going to benefit me? Will I notice a diffence in 'vim file' or playing/streaming music?

      If you are one of those home users whose computer only accesses a single file at a time on the perfectly defragmented HDD, then no, you probably wouldn't see much difference.

      Dan East

      --
      Better known as 318230.
    9. Re:Where is this applicable? by matt21811 · · Score: 1

      Yes I agree. My reserach shows that, in relation to price, the annual improvement over three years for flash comes in at 109% whereas for hard disks over the same period the figure is only 35%

      http://www.mattscomputertrends.com/flashmemory.html

      This means, if the two trends continue over time, it will actually become hard to justify buying a hard disk instead of flash, especially the smaller ones the cost a lot more per gig.

    10. Re:Where is this applicable? by GoofyBoy · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Database Servers.

      --
      The surprise isn't how often we make bad choices; the surprise is how seldom they defeat us.
    11. Re:Where is this applicable? by Propaganda13 · · Score: 2, Informative

      Performance wise, once you switch to desktops, you are able to use performance drives like Western Digital Raptor WD1500.

      http://www.storagereview.com/php/benchmark/bench_sort.php

      Compare the Western Digital Raptor WD1500 No NCQ to the Western Digital Scorpio WD2500BEVS with NCQ (250 GB SATA). The Scorpio consumes a lot less power, but isn't that much quieter. The Raptor has about 2.5x the performance.

      SSD wins on noise and power, and the Raptor wins on price. Depending on the application, either could win in performance.

    12. Re:Where is this applicable? by AaronPSU777 · · Score: 1

      If you have a disk with a 5ms seek time, you're limited to 20 I/Os per second.

      5 ms is 5 thousandths of a second, you could achieve 200 I/Os per second. Also that assumes that seek times are constant for each I/O, which is not the case.

    13. Re:Where is this applicable? by ShakaUVM · · Score: 1

      Hmm, running HDTach on my system, I get 100MB/s average read speed, with a burst speed over 200MB/s. That's 200%-400% of the reported results for SSDs.

      Of course, it's a RAID0 array with 2 reasonably fast drives in it, but it's still much much much cheaper than what SSDs are running these days.

    14. Re:Where is this applicable? by dbIII · · Score: 1

      I'm too lazy to set it up myself so have the question: are there any distros that use a flash file system by default and get cron and various others to leave the filesystem alone most of the time?

    15. Re:Where is this applicable? by bfields · · Score: 1

      Traditional drives average over 10ms to seek from one part of the disk to another. Those seeks can add up fast for something like application startup--where you're reading in the executable, a bunch of libraries, probably some configuration files, the data for it to work on, etc., all of it probably scattered all over the disk. So it's not surprising that application and OS startup are two tests where they found these drives were a big win....

    16. Re:Where is this applicable? by timeOday · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Once again: "seek time."

    17. Re:Where is this applicable? by zippthorne · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Seriously? Not your power supply fan or heat sink fan?

      --
      Can you be Even More Awesome?!
    18. Re:Where is this applicable? by Eivind · · Score: 1

      Extrapolating 11 years from 3-4 years of data is a risky undertaking though, and I notice that if you used your entire dataset as a baseline, then the conclusion doesn't hold.

      I still think that for many uses, 11 years is -overestimating- the survival of hard-discs. The reason is that for many uses, frankly, there's a "good enough" level, and improvements above and beyond that have little practical value.

      Today flashs costs like $25/GB at the sweet-spot (give or take), you estimate a doubling every year of performance/price. Which means that in 4-5 years you'll be at less than $1/GB. Which mean that practically all people can carry their entire music-collection around for less than $100 in storage. Sure, you could carry 30 times your entire music-collection around for $100 in mechanical storage, but the practical advantage is nil. Actually it's negative, because physical-size, battery-drain and shock-resistance is likely to outweigh a factor of 30 storage.

      Laptops are pretty much the same. Give me a choice between equally priced laptops one with 100GB of flash-storage and the other with 1TB of hard-disc storage, and frankly, I'd go for the flash-based one.

      Witness how despite stationary PCs are outsold 4:1 by laptops, despite the fact that they offer more bang-for-the-buck. The same thing will happen to mechanical hard-discs. They'll survive for a while in specialised apps, but even there they don't need price/storage parity to win. Less need of cooling. Less powerconsumption. Less physical size matters in big-ass storage-servers too afterall.

      I give hard-discs 5 years at home. 7-8 years in serverspace.

    19. Re:Where is this applicable? by matt21811 · · Score: 1

      I am in agreement. Extrapolating any exponential trend is pretty foolhardy but at least it gives you an idea of what to expect. You are right about the fact that when flash gets within a certain price range of disk it's other advantages win out over price. Flash has already overtaken 1 inch drives in the market and is getting close to displacing 1.8 inch drives. A few years and 2.5 inch disks will be history. A this point I expect the server space to adopt flash due to its high transaction per second advantage and almost total price insensitivity in this market. The bulk storage market will take a while longer , hence the 11 year prediction for 3.5 inch drives. I think it may take less time as volumes reduce and so the technology loses economies of scale.

    20. Re:Where is this applicable? by shmlco · · Score: 1

      Don't assume your needs hold true for everyone, as I'd take the 1TB drive. My current notebook has a 250GB drive in it, and I'm starting to need to manage the space on it. Hopefully one of those new 320GB 2.5" drives will ship soon.

      --
      Any sect, cult, or religion will legislate its creed into law if it acquires the political power to do so.
    21. Re:Where is this applicable? by beavis88 · · Score: 2, Informative

      Nah, not even close. All my fans are 120mm and run at 7V, making them pretty much inaudible. My power supply is a Seasonic S12 with an extremely quiet 120mm fan as well. It'll ramp up fan speed as temperature increases, but even with four disks and an 8800GT I've never been able to hear it above the disk whine.

    22. Re:Where is this applicable? by mbrod · · Score: 1

      We have been using SSD's for years where I work in database servers as well. Usually not for the whole database but find what parts of the database need to be the fastest/get used the most, allocate them to the SSD's and vroooom!

    23. Re:Where is this applicable? by godafinga · · Score: 1

      Ugh... no kidding. My hard drives are ridiculously noisy, especially my non-OEM/replacement drives. Now we just need someone to invent a solid-state CPU fan and I can build a truly silent rig!

    24. Re:Where is this applicable? by Bobfrankly1 · · Score: 1

      My hard drives are easily the loudest part of my machines. Apparently, you have never worked in tech support. In my experience, the loudest part of the machine, is the user. The more ignorant/dumb, the louder.
      -
      Bruce Willis saw dead people, I see dumb people...
    25. Re:Where is this applicable? by DrSkwid · · Score: 1

      I got fed up with all the noise so I took my drives out, put them in the server in the (dry) cellar and now boot Debian with AOE over gigE.

      They are served via vblade from a file, with the added benefit of cp debian debian.backup *and* I can boot from them in Qemu

      --
      There are places where the networks are not touching,and there are places where they are-Boeing's Lori Gunter
    26. Re:Where is this applicable? by DrSkwid · · Score: 1

      Any of the LiveCD distros, take your pick.

      --
      There are places where the networks are not touching,and there are places where they are-Boeing's Lori Gunter
  6. Hopefully an outlier by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I had a Dell D430 with the SanDisk 32GB SSD and the performance was abysmal. It was so bad that I replaced it with a standard 1.8" drive. Installing Windows itself took 3 times longer! Dell replaced the drive after I reported the problem and still no dice. There seems to be a significant problem with write performance, read performance was decent but not worth the 2-3x cost difference. I can't tell if SSD's just aren't ready yet or if Dell is just really bad at systems integration and testing before product release.

    1. Re:Hopefully an outlier by drinking12many · · Score: 1

      There is just something wrong with the D4X series dells we experienced the same thing with the 420s and 30s slow regardless of SSD or the original 1.8s. Lots of 1.8 inch drive failures. We are probably going to start buying Lenovo X61s they blow away the 4 series on performance use faster procs and have 2.5 inch drives.

    2. Re:Hopefully an outlier by torkus · · Score: 1

      ULV procs...going to slow you down regardless. You also might be missing key drivers or something.

      I've got a D420 in front of me (haven't snagged a '30 to trade up yet) with the 32GB SSD and it's great. No, it's not as fast as the D630 in proc-heavy work but it's great for general office use. Ever try to delete a crap-ton of emails from a multi-GB PST file and then compact it? way less painful now :)

      I have to say the D430 behaves better (faster) with the SSD and battery life is at least somewhat improved.

      Now if only i could get someone to buy me a 2.5"SATA SSD for the D630

      --
      You can get rich if you own a politician, but you have to be rich to buy one in the first place.
  7. I use them by Lord+Ender · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Both my home server and several systems in use at work boot from compactflash drives. Our production servers run Ubuntu LTS, and are basically VMware Server boxes--the actual apps run off of guest OSs that live on the 6TB RAID-6s on each server.

    All in all, I've had seven servers running off of SSDs for about eight months, and they have worked like a charm. I never have to worry about getting paged due to the inevitable mechanical failure of magnetic drives.

    Also, SSDs are NOT expensive! A CF-to-IDE adapter costs $15, and a 2GB CF card costs about $30. Two gigabytes is more than enough to boot an OS and start a RAID. Don't waste your money on a 64GB CF card. The CF+RAID hybrid approach is the way to go.

    --
    A slashdotter who didn't build his own computer is like a Jedi who didn't build his own lightsaber.
    1. Re:I use them by fm6 · · Score: 1

      OK, the cost is small, but even so, is it really worth it? What you get in return for your investment is systems that boot faster, and a small savings in power. Is there really any reason you need to be able to boot your servers in 30 seconds instead of 3 minutes?

      I suppose the power issue is important if you're taking the "turn off that light if you're not using it!" approach to the global warming crisis. Not sure that's a good approach, though.

    2. Re:I use them by 0100010001010011 · · Score: 1

      $45 can get you an 80GB hard drive if you shop around. They're not 'expensive' they're expensive by comparison.

    3. Re:I use them by Paradise+Pete · · Score: 1
      OK, the cost is small, but even so, is it really worth it? What you get in return for your investment is systems that boot faster, and a small savings in power. Is there really any reason you need to be able to boot your servers in 30 seconds instead of 3 minutes?

      Amazingly, I think he answered your question before you even asked it when he said "I never have to worry about getting paged due to the inevitable mechanical failure of magnetic drives."

    4. Re:I use them by couchslug · · Score: 1

      What brand CF cards do you use? I've had varying luck (Sandisk good, Transcend won't boot) and am looking for reliable cards.

      --
      "This post is an artistic work of fiction and falsehood. Only a fool would take anything posted here as fact."
    5. Re:I use them by fm6 · · Score: 1

      OK, that was sloppy/stupid of me. But I do wonder how many servers can serve all their data from a 6 GB SSD?

    6. Re:I use them by springbox · · Score: 1

      I use a CF for the disk on a router that I built. The cost of the adapter and card were about what you mentioned. The I/O performance, however, is really abysmal. Much slower than a magnetic hard drive. Doesn't really matter for my application, though, since just about everything is done in RAM.

    7. Re:I use them by drsmithy · · Score: 1

      Amazingly, I think he answered your question before you even asked it when he said "I never have to worry about getting paged due to the inevitable mechanical failure of magnetic drives."

      Yes, he does. All the *important* data on these systems is housed on "the 6TB RAID-6s on each server". I'm pretty sure they're not made out of CF drives.

    8. Re:I use them by drsmithy · · Score: 1

      Also, SSDs are NOT expensive! A CF-to-IDE adapter costs $15, and a 2GB CF card costs about $30. Two gigabytes is more than enough to boot an OS and start a RAID. Don't waste your money on a 64GB CF card. The CF+RAID hybrid approach is the way to go.

      I'm confused as to where the benefit is here. Given the extra people-time involved in your custom-build CF card setup, there's not going to be any cost-savings over just having the server ship from the factory preconfigured with two drives in RAID1 - and all the important data is on the "6TB RAID-6s", which I'm sure aren't SSD.

    9. Re:I use them by Lord+Ender · · Score: 1

      When an OS only needs 2GB, why on earth would I want to "shop around" for a less reliable drive that is inferior in every practical way?

      --
      A slashdotter who didn't build his own computer is like a Jedi who didn't build his own lightsaber.
    10. Re:I use them by NoNickNameForMe · · Score: 1

      I'm wondering what would be the option in future when IDE is totally depreciated. Any idea whether CF-to-SATA adapters exist?

    11. Re:I use them by Lord+Ender · · Score: 2, Informative

      Well, the CF fits directly into the motherboard, freeing up two more slots in the case for the RAID. Also, we spec'd the servers and ordered them from a local business, which built them for us. Buying through our "official" lines would have cost quadruple the price. It cost us no extra time because nobody would have sold us a preconfigured Ubuntu LTS server anyway... at least not with the kind of hardware we required.

      There's also the inherent awesomeness of booting from flash.

      --
      A slashdotter who didn't build his own computer is like a Jedi who didn't build his own lightsaber.
    12. Re:I use them by eww · · Score: 1

      I have been looking at booting a small embedded CPU with a CF card. Is there any particular type you would recommend? It's going on a R/C aircraft so it has to be able to handle lots of vibration and probably a few crashes. I was looking at these but are they overkill? Should I just go with the cheapest thing I can find? I will need to write to them as well. Probably a couple of times every hour. But when they are not in the air a standard HDD can be used.
      http://www.lexar.com/digfilm/cf_udma.html
      http://www.sandisk.com/Products/Catalog(1189)-SanDisk_Extreme_IV_CompactFlash.aspx
      What distro of linux are you using?

      Eric

    13. Re:I use them by cecil_turtle · · Score: 1

      First google result for "CF-to-SATA": http://www.engadget.com/2007/04/26/the-cf-to-sata-hard-drive-adapter/. Here's where you can buy it, it's about $32.

    14. Re:I use them by jon287 · · Score: 3, Informative

      I do the same trick. I've had more than 300 systems running for around 3.5 years, both read only and read write with plain old ext3. Not a single cf card has failed. Nearly 1/5 of all the rotating disks we've delployed in the same time frame have either failed completely of shown some sort of strange behavior or smartd error. Booting off the cf card leaves us with enough system after the mechanical disk fails to tell us what has gone wrong without an expensive truck roll.

      It is true that eventually cf cards will wear out due to write fatigue. It will happen much much later than mechanical disks will fail for all of the reasons that they do. This seems to be true "even if you do a lot of writes".*

      *The sample space here is around 300 systems for a bit over 3 years, 24/7 operation.

      --
      To boldly use to and too two times and get it right too! They're not gonna believe their eyes when they see it there!
    15. Re:I use them by jcaplan · · Score: 1

      I think he is sleeping pretty well. I just looked up raid 6, as it was unfamiliar to me.

      Wikipedia says:
      "RAID 6
              Striped set (minimum 4 disks) with dual distributed parity. Provides fault tolerance from two drive failures; array continues to operate with up to two failed drives. This makes larger RAID groups more practical, especially for high availability systems. This becomes increasingly important because large-capacity drives lengthen the time needed to recover from the failure of a single drive. Single parity RAID levels are vulnerable to data loss until the failed drive is rebuilt: the larger the drive, the longer the rebuild will take. With dual parity, it gives time to rebuild the array by recreating a failed drive with the ability to sustain failure on another drive in the same array."

      I say: "Cool". I think swapping the failed drives could wait until morning. If he is worried about three drives failing in one evening he is likely truly paranoid (and thus a good adim) and could just buy an extra "hot spare" or two and allow the array to rebuild itself as necessary. Anyone care to calculate the probability of two drives failing while the array is rebuilding itself? Yeah, my thoughts went to "very low" and began wondering about other failure modes, too (RAID controller, power supply, fire, ...).

      He also liked the 30 second boot time over the 3 minute boot time with regular hard drives. Maybe he's impatient or perhaps this helps just a bit with hitting a five 9's uptime (~6 minutes per year downtime).

    16. Re:I use them by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Don't worry about the ruggedness of the CF card. We've found that the most important difference is the adapter you use and the capabilities of the card itself. Some CF cards (e.g. transcend) support DMA transfers, others (e.g. kingston 133x) don't. We only got our Compaq desktops to boot with DMA enabled off one style of CF-IDE adapter, and only with one jumper set to a non-default setting, otherwise the bios would complain left and right about its harddrive disappearing.

    17. Re:I use them by Lord+Ender · · Score: 1

      300 systems? That's sweet. Where do you work?

      --
      A slashdotter who didn't build his own computer is like a Jedi who didn't build his own lightsaber.
    18. Re:I use them by pthisis · · Score: 1

      Also, SSDs are NOT expensive! A CF-to-IDE adapter costs $15, and a 2GB CF card costs about $30. Two gigabytes is more than enough to boot an OS and start a RAID. Don't waste your money on a 64GB CF card. The CF+RAID hybrid approach is the way to go.

      If your only concern is less maintenance, that's a neat solution. More generally, the CF-to-IDE adaper with larger CF cards does seem interesting since the RAID loses what many people feel are the prime advantages of SSDs (mainly noise and heat, also power for portables).

      --
      rage, rage against the dying of the light
    19. Re:I use them by DrSkwid · · Score: 1

      Though there is nothing *wrong* with your setup, have you considered booting via PXE and AOE from the RAID ? My terminals are all diskless. I can even boot them in Qemu and administer them without even having to switch them on.

      --
      There are places where the networks are not touching,and there are places where they are-Boeing's Lori Gunter
    20. Re:I use them by Lord+Ender · · Score: 1

      Well... if you can point me to simple documentation on how to boot PXE/AOE in a usefull way, I will consider it... but I've never done it before because knowledge of how to do so seems extremely rare--if not impossible--for most hardware.

      --
      A slashdotter who didn't build his own computer is like a Jedi who didn't build his own lightsaber.
    21. Re:I use them by DrSkwid · · Score: 1
      --
      There are places where the networks are not touching,and there are places where they are-Boeing's Lori Gunter
  8. First-hand, practical expericence... by What+the+Frag · · Score: 3, Informative

    > Does anyone have any first-hand, practical experience with SSD?
    Yes. Transcendent 4GB 266x Compact Flash card, fast, silent, installed Ubuntu 7.04, currently 1.4 GB free.
    Price for the card + card to ide bridge was about two 80GB HDD drives.

    Only problem was that I had to make my own drive mount first, because all I got was a board with a Compact Flash slot and a IDE connector.

    If you are happy with a few GB of disk space, go for it. If you want to store big amount of data, wait. The price will fall.

    1. Re:First-hand, practical expericence... by AntrygRevok.net · · Score: 1

      http://www.addonics.com/products/flash_memory_reader/ad4cfprj.asp

      One of them might just work with the 300x UDMA Lexar CF cards out now. . .
      in which case one could get ( kernel RAID5 ) fast, reliable, silent, and cheaper than the specialty devices, all at once.

      I'd stick root on one,
      and use shm/tmpfs for /tmp,
      and disk for /var and /home,
      and have the joy of all software with no-seek-time ( /usr /opt ),
      and it's cost-effective-enough, to boot.

      Anyone got one?
      or know if they work with the 300x Lexar CFs?
      or if/when they're coming-out with a PCIe version?

      Cheers. . .

      --
      Try also my gallery: http://photo.net/photos/AntrygRevo
  9. Like Digital Cameras by JonathanR · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I think solid state drives will be like digital cameras. The price and usability (read size) will appear not to be mainstream enough, that is, until you've just made that "big" investment in the latest incarnation of the superseded technology.

    It happened to me. I bought a new (not that expensive) film SLR about 18 months prior to digital cameras having sufficient resolution/cost ratio to supersede film for everyday use. Coming from a generation where cameras tend to last almost a lifetime (having been used to my father's Minolta SR-T 101, purchased about the time I was born). The concept of a camera becoming almost obsolete in that short timeframe was a bit annoying, at the time.

    1. Re:Like Digital Cameras by TooMuchToDo · · Score: 1

      Unfortunately (or fortunately?), technology is moving so quickly that equipment just manufactured is already obsolete due to the next revision already reaching production grade at that point. While it sucks from a consumer standpoint, from a human species perspective it kicks ass.

    2. Re:Like Digital Cameras by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think you can only have that perspective if you consider the next revision of everything to be revolutionary.

      3 years ago, Canon came out with the S2, which was quite a bit better than the S1.
      A year and a half ago, Canon came out with the S3, which was a bit better than the S2, but largely similar.... some small improvements.
      Within the past couple of months, Canon brought out the S5, which is a bit better than the S3 (flash hot shoe and RAW support being the biggest).

      If you look at this particular line, while you may have invested $300 on an S2 two years ago, if you look at the current S5, you may well not see enough to justify spending $300+ to upgrade. The S2 isn't obsolete by any stretch even if it is now 2 generations old.

      Where you win is when you can get something better (say, Nikon D80, cheaper than a lower quality product in the past, like the Nikon D1x). That's where the revolution starts.

  10. First hand by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    I have first hand experience with SSDs as I have bought one of the Samsung 64 GB SATA SSDs. In terms of writing performance, they're approximately on par with regular hard disks, as far as I can tell. Disk reads, however, are very good. To give you a vague idea of the read speed, Windows XP on this drive boots to login screen without the black logo screen appearing at all. Additionally, for those who are interested, here's what Linux's hdparm has to say about it:

    # hdparm -tT /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1:
      Timing cached reads: 7352 MB in 2.00 seconds = 3679.72 MB/sec
      Timing buffered disk reads: 168 MB in 3.01 seconds = 55.86 MB/sec

    1. Re:First hand by Firehed · · Score: 0

      Well considering the fastest interface you'll find in any consumer-grade equipment maxes out at a theoretical 300MB/s (and probably 90% at best of that in actual terms), I'm going to say that your first benchmark, at least, is completely fucked up. Perhaps you misread a decimal?

      --
      How are sites slashdotted when nobody reads TFAs?
    2. Re:First hand by mandolin · · Score: 3, Informative
      I'm going to say that your first benchmark, at least, is completely fucked up.

      No, those are cached reads, not hitting the drive at all. The man page for 'hdparm' says -T "is essentially an indication of the throughput of the processor, cache, and memory of the system under test".

    3. Re:First hand by dlapine · · Score: 1
      No, those are appropriate hdparm numbers. Maybe not useful, but appropriate. You just have to know what's being measured.


      The first number is entirely using cache- both what's on the drive and any available system ram. Max theoretical, downhill, wind-at-your-back, instantaneous speed.

      The second one is measured transfer speed. The 55MB/s is a "real" number in that you can read that much real data from the platter in that time. I do a lot of drive tests (running an a 4yr old linux cluster) and 55Mb/s is just over U320 drive speed for 10K scsi drives (My drives tend to max out right at 50MB/s)

      Don't knock hdparm too much- it's a decent but rough first approximation, and most linux distros install it by default. Plus, it's quick.

      --
      The Internet has no garbage collection
    4. Re:First hand by Lance+Cooper · · Score: 1

      Those numbers are pretty abysmally bad, actually.
      # hdparm -tT /dev/sdc /dev/sdc:
        Timing cached reads: 560 MB in 2.00 seconds = 279.65 MB/sec
        Timing buffered disk reads: 188 MB in 3.00 seconds = 62.59 MB/sec

      sdc is a 7.2k RPM SATA II drive with 16MB of cache.
      However, I'd take this with a grain of salt, given that the -t test uses sequential reads, which are optimal for hard drives, rather then a random access pattern that would advantage the SSD markedly.

    5. Re:First hand by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      For comparison, 160GB laptop drive:

      $ sudo hdparm -itT /dev/sda

      /dev/sda:

      Model=WDC WD1600BEVS-00RST0 , FwRev=04.01G04, SerialNo= WD-WXE107E24239
      Config={ HardSect NotMFM HdSw>15uSec SpinMotCtl Fixed DTR>5Mbs FmtGapReq }
      RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=50
      BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=8192kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=?16?
      CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=268435455
      IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}
      PIO modes: pio0 pio3 pio4
      DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2
      UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5
      AdvancedPM=yes: unknown setting WriteCache=enabled
      Drive conforms to: Unspecified: ATA/ATAPI-1,2,3,4,5,6,7

      * signifies the current active mode

      Timing cached reads: 5266 MB in 2.00 seconds = 2638.24 MB/sec
      Timing buffered disk reads: 96 MB in 3.04 seconds = 31.61 MB/sec
    6. Re:First hand by psavo · · Score: 1

      El cheapo IDE Seagate 320Gt drive (~2months old), was playing a dvd image from that drive for my son while hdparming.

      # hdparm -tT /dev/sda

      /dev/sda:
      Timing cached reads: 6334 MB in 2.00 seconds = 3168.70 MB/sec
      Timing buffered disk reads: 218 MB in 3.00 seconds = 72.66 MB/sec

      --
      fucktard is a tenderhearted description
  11. It just boggles my mind... by JustNiz · · Score: 3, Interesting

    It just boggles my mind how modern solid-state electronics organized for parallel I/O can be less than a factor of 10 times faster than an inherently serial and decidedly ancient-sounding "mechanically moved heads over a magnetized spinning disk" approach.
    What the heck is going on here?

    1. Re:It just boggles my mind... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just a guess, but despite how ancient the traditional drives are some pretty smart people have made just a bit better then they started out, over the course of half a century or so. And the new ones? Well they've only been around for a few years. Give *them* 50 years and you'll have your 10x improvement and more. Of course, I fully expect the current high-tech HD technology to be replaced 2-3 times in the next 50 years, so that might *never* happen.

    2. Re:It just boggles my mind... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Caching, and bottlenecks.

      We've gotten really good at making ancient mechanical spinning disks. And we've discovered that adding a few MB of cache really helps the performance.

      Also we've built our PCs to demonstrate the von Neumann bottleneck. I don't see how you can claim that SSDs today are "solid-state electronics organized for parallel I/O". We stick them on the other end of a serial bus like SATA. Once we've gotten the data across that bus, we either send it to the CPU (which can basically do one thing at a time really fast) or to memory (where we'll later fetch it word-at-a-time and send it to the CPU where we can process it word-at-a-time).

      If it was just a fight between solid-state and spinning-metal, solid-state would wipe the floor with it. Unfortunately every level of your PC is designed to minimize or work-around or hide the effect of a slow disk.

    3. Re:It just boggles my mind... by Firehed · · Score: 2, Interesting

      That fails to explain how a drive made of, in effect, nothing but cache is about an order of magnitude slower. Whether you can process the data quickly enough is irrelavent when you're dealing with a medium theoretically limited by nothing but c yet performs worse than a device spinning at 4200RPM.

      We're not considering the full system performance here. We're trying to figure out why something that has a seek time that's effectively zero isn't even maxing out the interface. A RAMDisk (those funny boards Gigabyte makes that use actual system RAM and a backup battery) has that same zero seek time and completely saturates the interface; why the hell is non-volatile storage so much slower?

      --
      How are sites slashdotted when nobody reads TFAs?
    4. Re:It just boggles my mind... by Vellmont · · Score: 1


      Whether you can process the data quickly enough is irrelavent when you're dealing with a medium theoretically limited by nothing but c

      Your problem is your assumptions about flash memory. Comparing it to system RAM is totally invalid. The medium DOES make a difference, and the write speeds aren't comparable. I couldn't tell you exactly why, but this technology isn't just system memory that doesn't lose state when turned off.

      --
      AccountKiller
    5. Re:It just boggles my mind... by Lisandro · · Score: 1

      We're not considering the full system performance here. We're trying to figure out why something that has a seek time that's effectively zero isn't even maxing out the interface. A RAMDisk (those funny boards Gigabyte makes that use actual system RAM and a backup battery) has that same zero seek time and completely saturates the interface; why the hell is non-volatile storage so much slower?

      Because you're making idealistic assumptions. Low density NAND modules usually quote 2ms block erase time and 300-500uS cell write time - since flash writes to cell in blocks, write speeds can be comparable (and even slower) to a HDD, let alone DRAM memory. Random access time, on the other hand, is arround 10uS (and even lower for serial access), which is much faster than any HDD available.
      The slow writing speed has to do with the physical process of storing the charge in the cell ("pushing" it through a dielectric) and the way cells are arranged for writing. Read speeds have gotten much better in the past years, but write speed are still abysmally slow in comparison.

      Keep in mind that these are figures for low density flash modules; the ones used in SSD have a higher level of integration, so they can be even slower.

  12. They're the only option.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ..when you have to run flight quals in a non-pressurized cargo aircraft. Regular HDs don't work too well at 60,000 ft (something to do with that Bernoulli principle and the heads).

    1. Re:They're the only option.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not likely to be a problem. Not many cargo aircraft capable of flying at 60,000 feet. And if you're in one while it does, without pressurization, disk failures are down near the bottom of your list of things to worry about.

    2. Re:They're the only option.. by einhverfr · · Score: 1

      Where are you putting the drives that the Bernoulli principle comes into effect? Given that the Bernoulli principle addresses issues of momentum conservation in a stream of fluid, I can't imagine a practical application where the stagnation pressure would come into play.

      Wait, I know. Are you dropping running computers out of cargo aircraft at 60k feet?

      --

      LedgerSMB: Open source Accounting/ERP
    3. Re:They're the only option.. by Lars+Clausen · · Score: 1

      Hard disks are not reliable above 10000ft (2 miles). That covers a number of interesting places, including many observatories. At the distance and speed that happens inside a HDD, the Bernoulli effect is what keeps the heads from turning your data into slightly magnetic dust. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk#Integrity

      -Lars

  13. We are in a storage transition by MLCT · · Score: 1

    And by that I don't really mean HD -> SS, rather we are currently in a capacity transition. With burgenoning digital music collections, DVD collections and the coming of HiDef video as a mainstream resource amongst other things the capacity requirements will soon shoot up. At the moment SS drives can come close to touching the standard HD entry level machines on a laptop, 60-80 GB. Fine for web browsing and general tasks, but as the above listed capacity intense activities continue to grow and the HD capacities can transition to hold them (500 GB - 1 TB is moving towards sensible options in the next wee while) - that leaves the SS drives behind again.

    SS drives will always hold a niche for the ultra-portables and the light low performance laptops - but they are not going to be able to move into mid range laptops+ - and certainly not likely to make it into desktops unless it is part of an ultra quiet setup.

    1. Re:We are in a storage transition by Shados · · Score: 1

      They have another very nice use, that I think will make em grow a bit faster than a small niche (not mainstream soon though), is that most SS storage devices fail very reliably. That is, you should be able to tell quite precisely and well in advance when its going to fail, as opposed to hard disk which, while quite reliable compared to a few years back, are much more likely to fail at just any moment.

      That makes them very, very cool to use for dedicated application servers. The company I work for sells a fairly typical web app over database solution, and the database for our average customer is around 30-50 gigs. So 1-2 of those drives and we're peachy, and we virtually never will be woken up on a saturday because of a failed hard drive (we support the hardware).

      Those kind of setups are INCREDIBLY common among ISVs, and 30-50 gigs (hell, let say 100 since these SS will be bigger soon enough) is quite reasonable for single application databases that don't do much datawarehousing (again, probably far more common than terrabyte datawarehouses).

      Not mainstream to the point of being ready for a home desktop mediacenter, but there's still a LOT of uses for those to push them far beyond the niche market.

    2. Re:We are in a storage transition by balloonhead · · Score: 1

      There are lots of uses. Stick the OS on your SSD and commonly used files (e.g. server) on another SSD. Have HDD for the TBs of data. Dynamically find what the demands are and pull all that info from the HDD to a spare SSD. You could even have a DVD changer with 50-200 rewriteable DVDs for storage. The thing is that the applications/OS can figure out where to put the files in order of when / how often they are used, and figure out the best and fastest way to deliver the content.

      Just the same as adding more RAM can speed up your computer, rearranging the storage with SSDs should be able to do the same too. As you say though, it's not going to be useful for everyone.

      --
      This idea was invented by Shampoo.
    3. Re:We are in a storage transition by glitch23 · · Score: 0

      I disagre. SS drives can be used in all desktops as the c: drive in Windows (and/or as the drive where you place your swap file) and as the /swap in Linux. For any system that needs swap, a SS drive is better than the traditional mechanical drive. I have a 80 gig stripe array of 2 drives being used as my c: drive on my desktop but I use a 320 mirror array of 2 drives being used for my data storage. Having a small stripe array be used for my system drive and swap space is nice. It would be even better if they were solid-state. Bottom line: just because SS drives have a low capacity doesn't mean they are relegated to certain setups. Using a SS drive as a system drive could be used by everyone.

      --
      this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom. -- Lincoln, Gettysburg Address
  14. DRAM Based SSDs by NetJunkie · · Score: 1

    We've been testing DRAM based SSDs (http://www.tigicorp.com) for a while. Very fast. They don't suffer the issues of flash based SSDs but they come at a much higher cost. A single drive an saturate any interconnect you'll find on the mass market right now. The neat thing about the Tigi drives is that they actually run Linux on the drive so it's easy to change interface type or even put applications on the drives themselves.

    1. Re:DRAM Based SSDs by langelgjm · · Score: 1

      I was interested in checking out the company's website, but the link you provided led me to a site for "Tigi bedhead manipulators." I'm not sure what those are, but I'm pretty sure they don't have anything to do with DRAM-based SSDs. Got a better link? Or did the site disappear?

      --
      "Anyone who [rips a CD] is probably engaging in copyright infringement." - David O. Carson
    2. Re:DRAM Based SSDs by NetJunkie · · Score: 1

      Hrmm.... I'll have to check on that. I'd say someone screwed up. I just talked to the President the other day so I know they are around.

    3. Re:DRAM Based SSDs by siyavash · · Score: 0

      um... takes me to.. "Bedhead Shampoo"... wtf ?

    4. Re:DRAM Based SSDs by llirik · · Score: 1

      Looks like their domain has expired Nov 15th, the renewed, but haven't put the site back yet. Google cache still has their real home page, not much to see there though. http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:xKBxzHjlRfYJ:tigicorp.com/index.html+tigi+dram&hl=ru&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=ru&client=firefox-a

    5. Re:DRAM Based SSDs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Then they are not telling you the whole story, because they have filed Chapter 11 Bankruptcy. http://bankrupt.com/TCR_Public/060831.mbx

      Search for Tigi

    6. Re:DRAM Based SSDs by NetJunkie · · Score: 1

      They are out of bankruptcy now. I have no vested interest in this company. I've just tested and used their product. It's unlike anything else in the industry.

  15. And, the MTBF is.. by eniac42 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I am not saying it is not good, its just the idea of storing data as a few electrons of static charge on the input gate of a MOSFET (or WhatEver-FET) for a few years bothers me. Call me old fashioned..

    --
    "A nation that forgets its past is doomed to repeat it." - Churchill
  16. So far it's a mixed bag... by BUL2294 · · Score: 4, Informative

    Basically the reviews on Anandtech & Tom's Hardware have drawn some interesting conclusions... In terms of write performance, some are significantly worse than most notebook HDs, but all are better in terms of read performance. The idle of SATA SSD drives are significantly worse than UDMA ones (0.5w vs. 0.05w).

    Basically, do your research... How much speed you'll get depends on how they bank the flash chips. More banks of lower density chips will yield a higher transfer rate--but uses more power. (Good luck finding how any one brand of SSD drive is banked...) Tom's Hardware found that the Samsung 64GB SSD offered double the transfer rate than their 32GB SSD. Anandtech found the Transcend & Super Talent SSD's to be extremely weak offerings. But then again Anandtech found the MTRON 32GB SSD far superior to most other drives they tested.

    Basically SSD drives help with bootup times but in mixed tests, only the MTRON SSD drives are near Raptor speed, but I found only one retailer that even sells them--and a 32GB one for $2336.95 !!!

    --
    Windows 3.1x calc: 3.11 - 3.10 = 0.00
    1. Re:So far it's a mixed bag... by Lars+Clausen · · Score: 1

      Unfortunately, none of these tests are very relevant to my normal usage. Where are the compile tests? I spend significant time compiling various stuff, and that's a lot of reading fairly small files from different places. SSD should really shine there.

      -Lars

    2. Re:So far it's a mixed bag... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Basically

  17. SSDs by phoophy · · Score: 4, Informative

    Been using arrays of 4 and 8 32GB SSDs as both RAID0 and RAID5, off hardware RAID controllers and as Linux softraid, to push seek time to near 0 and throughput as far as possible. Bottom line is, they're significantly faster than "real" disks. We've found MTrons to be faster than Samsungs, generally 20 to 40%, and the MTron seek times are significantly better (they probably don't write-balance check as often under heavy usage). Only reliability problems I had were with another brand (neither Samsung nor MTron).

  18. Does my iPhone count? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Just asking.

  19. Re:Mods, Bad Mods, and Current Moderators by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Insightful

    The trouble occurs when people decide he's not funny, and mod him down overrated; the overrated mods drop his karma, while the funny mods do nothing to help it.

  20. I wish my SSD worked like that... by hcmtnbiker · · Score: 1

    Because of these wear-leveling techniques, and the fact that a modern NAND device can sustain up to one million write cycles, the overall lifetime of an SSD can be decades. So losing capacity due to flash write cycles is probably not an issue.

    Anybody know how these really differ from the older counterparts that are in say my Sansa e280? I've already worn out a couple sectors on it in under a year, which annoys the hell out of me. Although that might have just been SanDisk creating a drive that will run out on average the day after the warranty expires.

    --
    If i had one dollar for every brain you dont have, i would have $1.
    1. Re:I wish my SSD worked like that... by phoophy · · Score: 1

      From reading about the NAND flash technology, they've gone from the original handful of thousand writes to a million (expected) in a couple of years. With the write balancing, lifetimes of 10 years seem quite reasonable.

  21. Give me RAM by evilviper · · Score: 2, Insightful

    All I have to say is screw NAND. Give me some DDR RAM-based hard drive... Ridiculously fast, very low power, no possible questions about lifetime. Perhaps even the possibility of just swapping out one failed SODIMM instead of scrapping the whole drive, is quite enticing.

    I've been using Flash longer than most... From wiring minuscule capacity EEPROMs into embedded circuits, to squeezing OSes down to 8MBs for firewalls. Floppies are a no-go for important systems.

    They're low power, quiet, and have high speed seeking, but I don't really care. What I want most in a drive is seriously high throughput... That probably means RAM, with a battery back-up. In the mean time, HDDs keep getting faster and quieter.

    --
    Slashdot gets worse every day... Pipedot: News for nerds, without the corporate slant
    1. Re:Give me RAM by Eugene · · Score: 1

      you need electricity to keep DRAM refreshed.. so it's certainly not that low power.

      and I had use Gigabyte's i-RAM before, hot as hell.

    2. Re:Give me RAM by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Other than the battery backup, you can easily do that already with a ramdisk. Even Windows has third-party tools for them. With just a little clever hacking, I'm sure you can mirror a ramdisk to a CF card. Rather than relying on a battery, just dump the contents of the flash drive into RAM on boot.

    3. Re:Give me RAM by evilviper · · Score: 1

      you need electricity to keep DRAM refreshed.. so it's certainly not that low power.

      Sure it is. Keeping DRAM refreshed requires, what, about 1watt? What's more, though, I believe it costs you less energy on writes than NAND, so depending on the workload, it could be a better option.

      and I had use Gigabyte's i-RAM before, hot as hell.

      Not sure what to say about that. 4 PC-266 DIMMs shouldn't get seriously hot. Perhaps the PCI form factor just means that you had it stuffed in a very tight spot, with little or no airflow... It's not at all difficult to do the same, and get HDDs or even Flash up to ridiculous temperatures.
      --
      Slashdot gets worse every day... Pipedot: News for nerds, without the corporate slant
    4. Re:Give me RAM by evilviper · · Score: 1

      We've all heard of RAMDisks before, and I currently use RAM for /tmp on several systems. But I certainly don't have a system that can even potentially handle 40GBs+ of RAM, and even if it could, the process of copying from disk to RAM on ever boot-up would be... slow, difficult, and unnecessary.

      --
      Slashdot gets worse every day... Pipedot: News for nerds, without the corporate slant
    5. Re:Give me RAM by Courageous · · Score: 1

      The product you are looking for is called the "ram san." Texas Memory Systems makes it.

      C//

  22. similar storage, different form factor by Corf · · Score: 3, Informative
    I am currently typing this on one of them newfangled Asus Eee PCs. 4gb worth of Hynix HY27UG088G5M chips through a Silicon Motion SM223 controller. The only moving parts on this thing are the keys and this near-worthless little sideways-blowing fan. It's fast, reliable, shock-resistant, and pretty durn cheap.

    Specs.

    --
    The pain was excruciating and the scarring is likely permanent, but that just means it's working.
    1. Re:similar storage, different form factor by KillerBob · · Score: 0, Redundant

      How's the 800x480 pixel 7" screen working for you though? I haven't run at a resolution that low in almost 15 years. There'd be a *lot* of scrolling, I imagine.... I find I scroll too much on full screen apps, and I'm running on a 15.4" 1680x1050 screen on my laptop. I also get 5h battery life when watching DVDs out of it, or about 7.5h if I'm just typing/surfing.

      I think it's cool that you can get a laptop for $400. But there's absolutely no way I'd buy one. The screen is just too small for my use, to say nothing of the resolution. Yes, I paid $1200 more for my laptop. It weighs twice as much, and is nowhere near as portable. But I also got a hell of a lot more functionality out of the transaction, not to mention a battery that lasts more than twice as long. If all you want to do is surf and play video games, I think your money would be better spent buying an entry level laptop from Dell or HP, and tossing in the high capacity battery. It may come out to 50% more, but it'll also give you a *lot* more use.

      --
      If you believe everything you read, you'd better not read. - Japanese proverb
    2. Re:similar storage, different form factor by chazwuzza · · Score: 1

      I paid $350 for a laptop PC from Fry's on one of their holiday specials, it has a 15.4 inch screen, 1280 x 800 resolution, AMD Sempron 3200+ processor, 40 gig SATA hard drive (upgraded myself to a 120 gig drive for 50 bucks off ebay), 512 megs ram (upgraded myself to 2 gigs ram for like $60), ATI Radeon x1100 graphics so it can play some basic games. Battery on it lasts 3ish hours but I rarely use it unconnected to AC power. I really don't see the point of paying the same or more for the ASUS eeeepc.

  23. Data recovery from SSDs? by rHBa · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I was wondering if anyone can answer a simple(?) question: Can data be recovered from an SSD after it has been overwritten once? i.e If I'm disposing of an SSD with sensitive data on it do I have to run secure erasing software to make multiple/random writes to every sector?

    1. Re:Data recovery from SSDs? by phoophy · · Score: 1

      The ones I've used have a "secure erase" SCSI command available. Probably not going to be used often by Joe User.

    2. Re:Data recovery from SSDs? by noidentity · · Score: 1

      Pretty likely. But good luck being able to overwrite a particular sector multiple times in a row, since the wear-leveling mechanism will try to choose a random sector each time.

    3. Re:Data recovery from SSDs? by Lookin4Trouble · · Score: 1

      Can data be recovered from an SSD after it has been overwritten once? i.e If I'm disposing of an SSD with sensitive data on it do I have to run secure erasing software to make multiple/random writes to every sector? Glad you asked. Actually, you can do even better. Remember that big electromagnetic degausser you use to destroy data from mechanical hard drives and backup tapes before they go off for slagging? One pass over that, and you're golden. Plus, you can still use the SSD afterwards (unlike a mechanical drive, which would have destroyed heads from the magnetic field slinging them around). I will back that with one caveat - don't let the drive itself bang against the degausser plate (or walls, in a cavity degausser, as the case may be)

      Total time to wipe and be ready to slap back into another PC - 12 seconds

    4. Re:Data recovery from SSDs? by koyangi · · Score: 1

      All of the companies that make military grade drives have some secure erase feature. Here is the description from the Adtron website. Most even have some way to physically destroy the circuitry as well, leaving the device totally unusable (and in some cases unrecognizable). I am not sure that they sell the "destruct" feature to the general public, but most have it. It became very popular after the EP-3 incident.

    5. Re:Data recovery from SSDs? by Nontagonist · · Score: 2, Informative

      Peter Gutman, a Kiwi, has studied this and reported on it. Find his home page at:

      http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001/

      and go down a couple of screens to the section marked "Design and Analysis of Security Systems". He gives some links to his papers and presentations.

      Berke Durak wrote some software called wipe to do secure file deletions, and its documentation references Peter Gutman's paper "Secure Deletion of Data from Magnetic and Solid-State Memory". Wipe is available in Ubuntu's universe repository, and presumably many other places. Install it and read the docs.

      Regards, Non.

      --
      There is another theory that states that this has already happened.
  24. Sounds like Six Million Dollar... by davidsyes · · Score: 0, Troll

    PORN. I mean, REALLY. Only engineers could so carefully choose such wording relative to "Solid State Hard Drives."

    --
    Previously: "Linux... Toward the Sunrise..." Now: "Linux... Toward the-- No, now, part of Every Sunrise"
  25. laptops, dummy by DreadSpoon · · Score: 4, Interesting

    There's a reason that these things are commercialls available only in laptops right now. In a laptop, you boot up a lot (or resume from hibernation a lot, which is equally disk-intensive), so disk seek and read times are incredibly important. Plus, power savings are a huge benefit when you're running a system that has a limited power source. The SSDs generate less heat, which is also hugely important when all your circuitry is compacted into the smallest amount of space possibility, and it allows either for the system to be cooler (hot laptops suck, even typing on them can be uncomfortable) or allow for other components like the CPU and RAM to be sped up since they get a greater share of the system's safe heat generation capacity. The reduced noise is great - try being in a meeting with 20 laptops all with fans whirring away. Finally, the greater lifetime of an SSD (modern hard disks fails way sooner than a modern SSD will, in general) means that the machine doesn't need a new disk with a new OS install and possibly a bunch of lost data on anywhere near as frequent a basis.

    Less power and less noise are good for servers and desktops, and the faster seek times can really make a different in performance for many common workloads, but the biggest benefit of SSD is that they make laptops suck way less.

    1. Re:laptops, dummy by fm6 · · Score: 1

      My post was stupid because I neglected to note that the parent post mentioned the mechanical advantage of an SSD in a high-available server. But yours is even more stupid, since you failed to even register that we were talking about servers!

      Believe it or not, the advantages of an SSD in a portable computer have occurred to me.I've actually considered getting an SSD for my tablet. But there are too many technical, cost, and reliability issues. In particular, there's the limited number of write cycles you can get with flash memory. Not an issue with most flash devices (let's see, on my desk or in my pockets, there's a cell phone with extra memory in the form of an MMC card, a Palm M515 PDA, and an iAudio MP3 player), but none of these write over files as often as your typical laptop or tablet.

    2. Re:laptops, dummy by shmlco · · Score: 1

      I read recently that the expected increase in battery life and power savings in a typical laptop with average use was on the order of 10-15%. It's that low because HD's are already power-managed to hell-and-gone, continually spinning down and switching off when not in use.

      --
      Any sect, cult, or religion will legislate its creed into law if it acquires the political power to do so.
  26. More likely to get bio-drives by WillAffleckUW · · Score: 1

    Recent discoveries and proof of concept research seems to be pointing towards the use of bio drives in the very near future.

    So, while SSD may be interesting in the short term, it's unlikely they will have more impact than Bernouilli disks did in the long run.

    --
    -- Tigger warning: This post may contain tiggers! --
  27. I have an EEE with a solid state disk drive by Tracy+Reed · · Score: 3, Insightful

    And I really like it. This laptop is great. I have a desktop with dual 24" displays for doing work so I don't need a laptop for that. What I do need is something ultra-portable to do email, read slashdot, occasional ssh into a remote machine while on the road, terminal into a box while at the datacenter, etc. And this thing fits the bill. The solid state disk has caused no problems so far but allows things like 10 second boot times and no noise and little heat. The prices of SSD will come down, the densities will go up, and SSD drives will proliferate.

  28. Re:And, the MTBF is.. by BlueParrot · · Score: 4, Insightful

    While storing it as an ultra-small magnetic dipole moment in a piece of rust on a rapidly spinning platter which will be irreversibly damaged from just a speck of dust sounds like a sane idea ?

  29. So what's the magic behind wear leveling? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I really wish one of these "reviewers" would take the time to think about what they are saying re. wear leveling on the NAND cells. The theory is sound, but what I want to know is what type of device are they writing their indexes to? Because you can't scan the media every time you need to access a piece of memory. You have to be able to go somewhere on the device itself and lookup which particular cells you wrote to for addresses 0x0100 - 0x01ff? That index is going to get hammered at about 64 billion times more frequently that the usable space and if it dies, the device is toast and you've lost data. So how do they handle that?

  30. 3 months real-word experience with SSD by barre · · Score: 5, Informative

    I've been using a Sandisk 32 GB SSD on a Dell Latitude D630 running Vista for about 3 months now. This wasn't cheap, and even with an early adopter mindset, this is a big disappointment; it does indeed reads much faster (about 30 times), but writes at least 3 times slower than the same D630 running a SATA. My typical usage involved web/email, Microsoft Office, photography/photoshop, compiling large projects, etc.

    Quiet is great, more battery is fine, and I hardly ever reboot using Vista almost instant-sleep feature, but installing software or writing large files is *painful*. Moreover, you should plan for a lot of physical memory: you do *not* want to see your system paging for virtual memory.

    Now maybe Vista is to blame, but the whole system will hang now and then for 10 secs or more. Is it indexing something, writing whatever system logs to disk, who knows, but a a few other users have reported the same issue with this SSD on Dell forums. No driver update has been released either since the SSD option was out. This is also probably not coincidental that SSD vendors emphasize read speed but remain somehow quiet about the write speed (or lack thereof).

    I, for one, am switching back to a 7200 RPM SATA. This is *not* ready for prime time, even if Samsung claims slightly better write speed on its 64 GB; *do* check the user forums (say, Dell), and you will find a lot of frustrated users. This was worth a shot, and I'll eventually consider that technology again in 10 months.

    Hope this helps

    1. Re:3 months real-word experience with SSD by badman99 · · Score: 0

      Ewwwww you run VISTA :)

    2. Re:3 months real-word experience with SSD by Lookin4Trouble · · Score: 1
      Or you could try a couple of system performance tweaks such as (but not limited to):

      Registry hacks to disable NTFS Last Access Time

      ZERO System Page on HDD

      WinXP Instead of Vista

      Speaking from experience, Vista will take forever to install apps / write files on your laptop whether you have an SSD or HDD. I had this same pissy comment for my coworkers a month ago, but since switching back to XP, I looooove my D630 with 32GB SSD. Boots from dead cold stop to ready for login in ~13 seconds, shutdown in ~6, and hasn't hiccuped on a large file since the switch (think 500+MB AutoCAD blueprints, Multiple Gigabyte email archives, etc...)

    3. Re:3 months real-word experience with SSD by phoophy · · Score: 1

      I wouldn't mention the Samsungs in the same sentence as Dells running Sandisk SSDs - there's a world of difference between the Samsung and Sandisk SSDs. We found that the IDE interface on the Sandisks was being reset under moderate usage - which might account for the "hangs" you mention. Have yet to see any resets on the (IDE interface) Samsung drives.

    4. Re:3 months real-word experience with SSD by gillbates · · Score: 2, Funny

      Now maybe Vista is to blame, but the whole system will hang now and then for 10 secs or more.

      No, that's the Windows Vista Minus Pack - first introduced on Windows 98, the Minus Pack includes assorted features such as:

      1. Hang Computer for 10 seconds for no reason. (Much improved since Windows 98, where it was only 2 seconds - a fivefold improvement!)
      2. UAAM - Use All Available Memory. Get what you paid for! Use all of the memory you bought - Windows Vista will ensure that it uses all of your memory.
      3. Mandatory Upgrade Option - Experience the joy and frustration of having to buy a NEW computer to do the same things you did before, only now you'll have more time to prepare coffee during bootup, with the added benefit of trying to find drivers which work with Vista.

      Just when you actually got your computer to work right, the Minus Pack brings the look and feel of the SHINY! NEW! computer back.

      --
      The society for a thought-free internet welcomes you.
    5. Re:3 months real-word experience with SSD by pthisis · · Score: 1

      I've been using a Sandisk 32 GB SSD on a Dell Latitude D630 running Vista for about 3 months now. This wasn't cheap, and even with an early adopter mindset, this is a big disappointment; it does indeed reads much faster (about 30 times), but writes at least 3 times slower than the same D630 running a SATA. My typical usage involved web/email, Microsoft Office, photography/photoshop, compiling large projects, etc.

      Quiet is great, more battery is fine


      I found your review a little frustrating, like reading a sports car review that focused on the small trunk space.

      Does the drive deliver on the quit and low power fronts? I'd gladly give up half the speed for a 20% better battery life and silence.

      --
      rage, rage against the dying of the light
  31. LOW POWER USAGE by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Is the most exciting thing about SSD

  32. Puppy Linux by flyingfsck · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Puppy Linux runs nicely on small USB memory sticks of 128MB and up. A 1GB memory stick make a beautiful system. You really don't need umpteen gazillion gigabytes of storage space for a PC.

    --
    Excuse me, but please get off my Pennisetum Clandestinum, eh!
  33. MacBook Pro booting Leopard from SSD by Megane · · Score: 1

    http://www.ryanblock.com/2007/11/the-first-macbook-pro-with-a-64gb-ssd/
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIUa0mwUwW8

    It takes 20 seconds to boot to the desktop, half of that is the time before it actually starts booting from the disk (gray apple).

    --
    #naabhaprzrag, #sverubfr-000, #agi-fcbafberq, negvpyr[pynff*=' negvpyr-ary-'] { qvfcynl: abar !vzcbegnag; }
  34. Re:Mods, Bad Mods, and Current Moderators by Mountaineer1024 · · Score: 5, Funny

    Funny should be given a positive score, I personally consider a funny comment at least as valid in the conversation as an insightful or informative, and the current scoring system just leads to mislabeled posts.

  35. servers too by DreadSpoon · · Score: 1

    Yeah, I failed to notice you were replying to a post about servers. So, since you asked...

    Server heat generation is a HUGE problem in large server farms. Cooling and heat shielding between dense server racks cost a lot of money, and failure to handle the cooling and insulation can cause hardware death on a pretty massive scale. Having just gone through the pain of upgrading a data center that was growing fast and packing more and more hardware into a smaller and smaller amount of space, I can attest to the benefit of using servers that generate way less heat.

    Plus, the power consumption reduction is also a big bonus. Sure, the savings on a single machine is small. When you have 15,000 machines, however, the power savings adds up big time.

    Having spent several years of my life working in a small office that had a server rack not 15 feet from my desk, I'd also be really, really happy with any technology that reduced the noise level of a server. On hot days it almost required shouting to talk to co-workers closer to my desk than the server rack itself.

    All of those advantages are rather moot at this point in time where servers are generally going to need regular hard disks even if they have SSDs, but maybe not for much larger. Most of the servers I've run had 18G or smaller disk drives. Only the SAN servers would need anything bigger than what we can get on an SSD these days. Even the servers that need larger disks might soon be able to switch to SSD, though. A moderate RAID of 64GB SSDs could handle the data sets for most small to medium companies, I'd imagine. I think the government agency I worked for (about 160 employees with about 120 desktops and laptops among them) used barely 2TB between email, documents, and web content, and backups were still on magnetic tape (ick) and secure remote backup services. The county's data set wasn't much larger, despite how much bigger the county is in terms of total employees and total residents.

    And really, bringing up the write cycles issue is just silly. It's a non-issue. A cell in an average quality NAND module can sustain over a million writes. Do the math and figure out how many months' worth of constant writing you'd need to reduce the total available usable space on a 32GB flash module in half. You might be surprised to know that hard disks can't sustain infinite writes either, although it can handle way more than a flash module. (Back to non-server land, hard disks can fail pretty quickly due to too many spin-ups/spin-downs, which are quite frequent in laptops and other portables.) Unless you are doing a crapload of constant high-volume disk writing, any hard disk you put in your machine is going to die long before a (non faulty) flash module does. Even if you have some machines that _are_ doing a ton of writing, that doesn't invalidate the usefulness of SSD on all the machines that aren't.

  36. Re:Mods, Bad Mods, and Current Moderators by fm6 · · Score: 1, Funny

    In Soviet Russia, the positive scores you! Yeah, that adds a lot to the conversation.

  37. Re:Mods, Bad Mods, and Current Moderators by Mountaineer1024 · · Score: 2, Informative

    :) My caveat was that it had to be actually funny.

  38. I have one by Apreche · · Score: 1

    The infamous bug in Ubuntu destroyed the magnetic disk drive in my Fujitsu P7230. I replaced the failing drive with a 16GB Samsung SSD that I bouht on Newegg for $200. I'm usually very conservative and cautious in my technology purchases, but this time I went out on a limb.

    After a month or so of using the SSD, I can say it is a success. I don't need much space on my laptop, just room for the OS. I no longer have to worry so much about dropping my laptop. The already incredible battery life of the P7230 is extended for at least 30 extra minutes. And in all other ways it's just fine.

    The only problem with the SSD is, of course, the fact that it can only take a certain number of write cycles before it goes down. However, considering the lack of moving parts, and the algorithms that reduce unnecessary writing, I predict it will last a lot longer than the magnetic drive did.

    --
    The GeekNights podcast is going strong. Listen!
  39. I love my SSD! by lumbricus · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I agree with TFA that SSD is most useful if you need the ruggedness and the read speed. I have a 16GB Samsung 1.8" SSD in my fujitsu P1510D. It's a marriage made in heaven! I am a Biologist, and use my P1510 in the field. The SSD gives piece of mind, one less thing to go wrong. In fact, almost right after I swapped in my SSD, I (yes accidentally) dropped my computer about three feet to the floor. After checking to see that screen and case wasn't cracked, I just knew it was fine, and of course it booted right up. I also work in some high altitude locations, and I find the the machine boots at higher altitudes now. (perhaps hard drives cut out at high altitude because there's not enough air to keep the head off the platter?) Finally, the P1510 uses hard to find and extremely expensive micro-DIMMs, so upgrading the memory is prohibitively expensive. That was my biggest gripe with the little machine, it was slow because I couldn't get the 1GB it really needs. This, coupled with the incredibly slow 1.8" hard drive made it kind of annoying. I still can't do much about upgrading RAM, but the read speed of the SSD allows me to just close applications, and re-open them when I need them (nearly instantaneously), so I never have more than two applications open at a time. The most telling test I've done is with Allway Sync, which I use to synchronize the files on my little laptop with my desktop. Running "Analyze" (version checking files) on my home folder used to take about about a minute, now with the SSD it's somewhere between 10-15 seconds. Sure, I wouldn't put it on a MySQL server or the like, but for my laptop, the whole experience is just so much better. I would recommend one to anyone who can use the ruggedness and read speed.

    1. Re:I love my SSD! by bmidgley · · Score: 1

      I also have the p1510. I can't go to 16gb because I'm struggling to fit everything on the 30gb drive. I might get the 32gb ssd. I can dream of a day when 64gb is available and reasonably priced, but it would be nice to replace the p1510 itself with something the same size that runs cooler and for longer. I want something the size of my p1510 but with the power management and battery life of my nokia n800. We'll see.

      Offtopic, but the memory situation is better. It was changing daily almost but settled at about $120. Hope it's not too ugly to post a url here, but it's hard to find this stuff: http://www.memoryc.ie/products/10800.html

    2. Re:I love my SSD! by iq+in+binary · · Score: 1

      (perhaps hard drives cut out at high altitude because there's not enough air to keep the head off the platter?)

      No, HDD's are hermetically sealed. They have to be. Spacing between head and platter can be in the microns. Turbulence from the rotation of the disk actually aids in making sure the head does not contact the disk.

      Even local particulate matter in the air not visible to the naked eye is wider than the spacing between the platter and the head. Throwing a spec of dust into the mix means a head crash, and ALOT of ruined sectors.

      The comment you made about keeping the head off the platter answers itself. If the head EVER touches the platter, it ruins that sector. It is spaced and positioned to be hovering above the platter constantly. Disk speed creates turbulence that pushes up on the arms holding the head in transit to help ensure it never touches the platter.

      There might be any number of reasons the laptop would not boot at higher altitudes. One might be humidity, another the decreased frictional constant of the air around you, viscosity of the air is what the internal fans rely on to cool the circuitry and heat producing chips, that the air is thinner means decreased cooling capacity. Internal proc or bridge sensors might hit the killswitch prematurely if a certain temperature is reached, to prevent fire. The rate of thermal output of any IC is always going to be highest at startup, and your fan might not be blowing enough air past it to keep it from tripping the thermal sensors. HDD's do not help this, SSD's don't produce as much heat so that would most likely be the reason.

      --
      Of all the Universal Constants, here's one I know: Nice guys finish last ;)
    3. Re:I love my SSD! by lumbricus · · Score: 1

      No, HDD's are hermetically sealed. They have to be.

      Actually, no. Look at any consumer drive and you'll see a hole with a sticker besides it with an arrow that says "do no cover this hole". This is to equalize pressure, otherwise the cover would bulge and warp. (There is a filter under the hole so particulate matter can't get in). Yes, there are some very special disks used in the military and NASA and the like that are hermetically sealed mainly to keep moisture from condensing on the platters, but you don't have one of those drives, trust me.

      Spacing between head and platter can be in the microns. Turbulence from the rotation of the disk actually aids in making sure the head does not contact the disk.

      Yes, and the turbulence (it's actually the boundary layer) that keeps the head off the disk is air, which gets less dense with increasing altitude, and so it gets thinner, ergo crash. What I meant was that perhaps the designers knew this and included a shut-out circuit that detects low pressure and doesn't allow the drive to spin up.

      See: http://www.storagereview.com/guide2000/ref/hdd/op/heads/opHeight.html or Scott Moulton's fantastic drive recovery videos: http://www.myharddrivedied.com/presentations.html for more information

      One might be humidity, another the decreased frictional constant of the air around you, viscosity of the air is what the internal fans rely on to cool the circuitry and heat producing chips, that the air is thinner means decreased cooling capacity.

      Actually humidity drops with altitude. I agree that there is much lower cooling capacity at higher altitude, although it has nothing to do with viscosity or a frictional constant. Air is less dense at high altitudes, so the volumetric heat capacity of air is lower at high altitudes, so for a given volume of air that your fan moves, a lower mass of air is blown over the chip at higher altitudes, and there is less cooling. So sure, it could be a heating thing, no doubt. Whether it be for hard drive protection or thermal reasons, the cut-out would probably be tied to a pressure sensor, since at high altitudes, the thing won't even turn on (it doesn't freeze up like an overclocked computer). Many camcorders, digital cameras, etc. won't either. I have a few solid state gizmos that don't like high altitude either. In any case, the SSD can go higher.

      ... (and yes, when I said I was a biologist who works in high altitudes I should have said I am a biologist who works on heat balance physiology of high altitude organisms)

  40. offtopic by Corf · · Score: 2, Interesting

    It does what I want. I was looking for a highly-portable full-featured computer, and the price was right. If I really need high-res at some point it's not like it doesn't have a VGA-out. I'm not using it for anything beyond e-mail and light surfing at the moment, but then I just got it ten days ago; I'll probably do light word processing at some point. I care much less than if I'd invested tons of cash into something nicer and it takes a fall or otherwise gets rendered a paperweight. The biggest kicker was portability -- I'm a big fan of not checking bags when I travel, and this thing makes that considerably easier.

    --
    The pain was excruciating and the scarring is likely permanent, but that just means it's working.
    1. Re:offtopic by KillerBob · · Score: 1

      Fair enough... If it does what you want it to do that's what matters. Presumably, you use it in conjunction with a desktop machine at home.

      But I could have sworn that airlines will ignore carry-on baggage requirements for things like a laptop, because they don't want to take liability for making you check a laptop. I've taken my laptop with me all over the USA and Europe, and never had to check it, and always been allowed to bring my carry-on bag as well.

      Give me something like your laptop, but with a screen resolution that's actually usable to me, say 1280x800 on that size of screen, and I'd be a lot happier though.

      --
      If you believe everything you read, you'd better not read. - Japanese proverb
  41. Re:Mods, Bad Mods, and Current Moderators by FesterDaFelcher · · Score: 2, Informative

    That's the beauty of Slashcode. Use the Reason Modifier, and funny WILL be given a positive score.

    --
    My user number is prime. Is yours?
  42. Invoking Godwin's Law, kinda sorta by einhverfr · · Score: 1

    And PC Nazis will complain about SS Drives because they associate them with the Schutzstaffel.

    --

    LedgerSMB: Open source Accounting/ERP
  43. Re:Mods, Bad Mods, and Current Moderators by Mountaineer1024 · · Score: 1

    Doesn't that only effect how they are displayed to me, not how the points are allocated?

    And as if I get +5 funny for a serious post! :P

  44. Great for DB indexes by butlerdi · · Score: 1

    Back around 1998 we tried using 1GB SSD's for database indexes, with the rest of the DB using standard drives. Was pretty good, however very expensive. Normal drives are much faster now, and in-memory databases like Polyhedra and Times Ten are pretty good for the same function at a much lower cost, but glad to see them comming in now.

    --
    "If the King's English was good enough for Jesus, it's good enough for me!" -- "Ma" Ferguson, Governor of Texas (circa
  45. Is it? by Frozen+Void · · Score: 2, Funny

    A year of Solid State Disk on Desktop?

  46. Samsung SSD by 32771 · · Score: 2, Informative

    I bought a Samsung 32GB SSD for my Portege 3505. Oddly enough it is not able to find the SSD during booting. Also I had to grind off some part of the SSD case because it didn't fit into the laptop drive bay.
    This turned out to be a big nuissance since the SSD is somewhat pricey. This is a BIOS issue since Linux recognizes the disk flawlessly. I wondered about getting one of those Flash floppy drives from HP which allow booting from a fake floppy. I think I'll make a USB drive out of the SSD now.

    Ultimately I settled for a 2.5'' IDE to CF adapter + 8GB flash running Ubuntu 7.10. This works well enough but it seems that the laptop gets short hangs occasionally. Those hangs were reduced by building my own kernel with preemption set for low latency desktop, and 1000 ticks per second. I don't know what those changes exactly do to my problem but they seemed worth a try.

    The laptop is ultra quiet now until the fan starts, I guess my next project is undervolting it. So far I had no success with the phc patch however.

    --
    Je me souviens.
  47. Current state of SSD? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Current state of SSD?

    Pretty solid, I guess.

  48. Re:Mods, Bad Mods, and Current Moderators by somersault · · Score: 0, Redundant

    Strangely, your insightful post was modded funny. Obviously the mods are just on crack today.

    --
    which is totally what she said
  49. Why aren't companies pusshing SSD's more? by r00tus3r · · Score: 1

    How long until Dell gets with the program and offers solid state drives in their Desktops as well?!

  50. How Much Art Can You Take? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    There will only ever be one SSD in my book: SS Decontrol.

  51. Finding MTRON drives by pedantic+bore · · Score: 1

    I don't know why you were unable to find MTRONs at DV Nation for a much better price! (I don't work for DV Nation, but I am a happy customer.) They come right up when I do a search.

    Maybe you're leaning on Google product search a bit too much...

    --
    Am I part of the core demographic for Swedish Fish?
    1. Re:Finding MTRON drives by BUL2294 · · Score: 1

      Geez, DV Nation's price is almost as shocking--$1500 vs. $2337...

      --
      Windows 3.1x calc: 3.11 - 3.10 = 0.00
    2. Re:Finding MTRON drives by pedantic+bore · · Score: 1

      If 35% less is still shocking, then I guess these are just out of your price range...

      If you need random read ops, it doesn't seem expensive at all. 50x the random read performance for 20x the price seems like a bargain. If you don't, then there's no reason not to stick with rotating disks -- they're cheap as dirt.

      --
      Am I part of the core demographic for Swedish Fish?
  52. SSD is nice, but... by Khyber · · Score: 1

    They need higher read/write speeds. I should be able to saturate the SATA bus since there are no moving parts for bottlenecks.

    --
    Still waiting on Serviscope_minor to wake up to fucking reality and realize that Jessica Price isn't going to fuck him.
  53. Most CF cards are PIO only! by tlhIngan · · Score: 1

    I use a CF for the disk on a router that I built. The cost of the adapter and card were about what you mentioned. The I/O performance, however, is really abysmal. Much slower than a magnetic hard drive. Doesn't really matter for my application, though, since just about everything is done in RAM.


    Just FYI, the SSDs you can get in PATA/SATA connections normally support advanced transfer modes like UDMA. Most CF cards, except the ultra-high-speed ones ($$$) don't support UDMA, and in fact, the CF spec only calls for them to support PIO (you tie one pin of a CF card to ground and it'll start up in IDE mode. Most CF cards though only support PIO mode since that's the traditional way PCMCIA/CF storage cards are handled.).

    So performance will be abysmal simply from the fact that the CPU spins doing I/O using a CF card. Not a big deal for a server where card's only used during bootup, but a consideration if you do a bit of disk I/O. In which case, investing in a small SSD or a better CF card with UDMA support will help a lot.
    1. Re:Most CF cards are PIO only! by springbox · · Score: 1

      Well I got a CF card that said it supported UDMA but turns out it only did PIO. I should have complained about it for false advertising and all but it's good enough for its application.

  54. Re:Mods, Bad Mods, and Current Moderators by FesterDaFelcher · · Score: 1

    Doesn't that only effect how they are displayed to me, not how the points are allocated?
    Yes, but if you care how slashdot looks to other people (because of "points"), you need to go volunteer at a homeless shelter. Those are some people that need someone to care about them. :)
    --
    My user number is prime. Is yours?
  55. There are cheaper and more immediate alternatives by cfriedt · · Score: 1

    I think both the Samsung and Super Talent SDDs are over-priced. For those that are in the market today for a solid-state-drive (mainly laptop owners), they will likely care the most about 2 things - power consumption, and weight, and any SDD will outperform a magnetic disk in those categories. I would recommend 32 GB 2.5" SATA SDD from Transcend at 1/3 of the cost of the 64 GB Samsung model. Aside from that, and especially if gigabytes are not the highest priority, there are also excellent, and much cheaper solutions for those who are willing to take the time to play around, such as this CF / IDE adapter from Addonics. Last, but not least, if it isn't already obvious, solid state disks only have a limited lifespan, and it's usually much shorter than the lifespan quoted by the manufacturer, unless they came up with a new, super-advanced wear-leveling algorithm. Never estimate the value of making periodic backups to a more reliable permanent storage facility!

  56. needs to happen to make SSDs worth it- by vuffi_raa · · Score: 1

    OLED screens... SSD's are cool and all (when they are affordable I will prolly install one on my laptop for seek time ), but the rugged aspect really doesn't make much of a difference if you bust the LCD on your laptop, though with an SSD HD and an OLED screen you could conceivably throw the whole thing against the wall and so long as you don't break the board or power, it will still run- plus you would prolly have a standard controller for oled making replacements cheap and easy- this very much appeals to me as my laptop is mainly used for live music, so it is usually in a bar\club environment and not an office\living room environment.

  57. Re:Mods, Bad Mods, and Current Moderators by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That's the way it should be. That's right: IMHO, you should lose karma for posting something funny. The reason is that it's most likely actually not funny, but more likely an allusion to a science fiction TV show or comic. Watching/Reading these is a waste of time, people. Please don't encourage other people to do the same.
    On a related note, I imagine that many people are extremely lax when metamoderating. Personally, I am always extremely suspicious of funny mods, and as we're honestly supposed to rate a post as funny or unfunny, I choose the latter once in maybe five funny mods if I honestly didn't laugh. I also always look for more context before marking something as unfair, and I don't give a flying fuck if it had been moderated to score 5, funny. Moderators who use "insightful" etc. for a post that is intended to be funny get the unfair bat most of the time too, unless it's April 1 or something.

  58. Will SSD make RAID redundant on the server? by full-of-beans · · Score: 1

    I guess they will fail eventually but can this failure be pre-detemined? i.e after x number of writes. If so then you wont need a constant backup, just a backup and replace when the drive gets close to failing.
    Still, if someone could say "They will never fail" and it was true, then it would half the cost (of 2 SSD s for RAID 1) and have end use of all the capacity of all the available drive slots on a server (instead of half capacity for RAID 1).

  59. Reiser4 on an SSD? by tempest69 · · Score: 1
    Dont get me wrong, I like Reiser4.. But on an SSD?


    Reiser is designed to address the physical limitations of an Mechanical Drive. It puts small files in the allocation table, it tries to avoid seeking and fragmentation, and takes a good deal of effort to make sure this happens. THESE are the sterengths of an SSD, fragment all you like, SSD will still be happy. access a bunch of 90 byte config files.. still happy (well ish, the controller will still hate your guts)


    ok I'm replying to an AC, but the point remains WHY?


    Storm

    1. Re:Reiser4 on an SSD? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why ? First because it's the fastest, second because I could fit the 25 GB worth of data on my previous drive into 16 GB of the new SSD : with cryptcompress, I have a nearly-doubled sized drive with no sensible performance penalty.

      And last but not least, because Reiser4 is the best file system out there.

  60. HERE IS HOW (some ways others did not note too) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I use a 1gb swapfile/pagefile partition on a TRUE Solid-State disk (not FLASH RAM based - mine uses PC-133 SDRAM & the PCI 2.2 bus @ 132mb/sec. throughput, more on this in my P.S. below!

    (Here, this unit is the only resides on my PCI bus slots, & I have no other PCI bus based addon cards is why & this does help also, because it has that bus exclusively (CENATEK RocketDrive is the model I use, I did a review for them in 2002, & have had it since)).

    As far as the speed of my Virtual Memory Accesses this helps & seek times on it are WAY faster than on traditional HDDs.

    I do FAR MORE than that, & here is why/how/what:

    E.G.-> On its first 1gb partition I place the pagefile.sys. On its 2nd partition, I place my webbrowser's webpage caches, plus logging from the OS eventlogs (easily moved in the registry in Windows) & app logging (many apps allow custom placement of this. DrWtsn32.exe, zip/unzip tools, & far more). LASTLY, I also the location of my %temp/tmp% ops via environment variable tuning thru the SYSTEM ICON in CONTROL PANEL, & its ADVANCED section.

    I make the logging/webpage cache 2nd partition on my TRUE SSD (not FLASH RAM based) onto it using NTFS compression, & this helps as well!

    (Mainly doing this helps in that the type of data in browser caches & logs is largely text data!)

    Thus, it massively gives me more storage, & more speed (smaller file masses to pickup, & today's RAM + CPU speeds offset the decompress stage in RAM today HUGELY compared to years past)!

    Also, doing this? Well, I avoid fragmenting other files on my main programs & OS disk, & also avoid wasting I/O of many forms on them on my main disk too, plus CPU cycles wasted driving those I-O's that now take place on another disk, albeit a massively fast seeking one in an SSD...

    APK

    P.S.=> Mine's older & dated though... there are FASTER ONES OUT THERE!

    Examples being the SATA bus based Gigabyte IRAM (uses 150mb/sec. SATA bus, & DDR2 RAM - vs. the one I have using PCI 2.2 132mb/sec. bus transfer rates, & slower PC-133 SDRAM), OR this one most recently:

    HyperDrive 4 Redefines Solid State Storage

    http://www.tomshardware.com/2007/11/07/hyperdrive_4_redefines_solid_state_storage/

    Now, there was SUPPOSED to be one released this year, called the "DDRDrive X1", which used DDR RAM and more importantly, the PCI-Express bus (far faster throughput than PCI 2.2 I use, & even faster by far than SATA of any variation currently)... it did not release, but I wish it had... apk

  61. booting with a SDD - allows lba48 bios work around by watermodem · · Score: 1

    I have a server in the basement reusing an old motherboard that doesn't do lba-48 addressing.
    I replaced the first drive with an old SSD disk from a dead camera and put a custom complied linux boot kernel on it that used the sata/ata instead of the old ide interface to access drives. (/boot) Then I placed a 500GB drive on the second ide interface.

    The system initially boots the kernel in the bios's older lba mode from the camera disk then switches to the kernel's lba48 accessing then runs off the 500GB drive.

    Yes, I could have used an older drive for this trick but they were kind of noisy.

    It made a useful server out of a piece of junk.

  62. Cray had the first commercial SSD by CoderDevo · · Score: 1

    The Cray 1M was the first commercial system that I'm aware of that had an SSD option.

    I was a sysop in the 1990s on a Cray Y-MP C916/12 512. Its SSD was a $2M option (guessing).

    Here's a great photo of a Cray C90 with an SSD. The SSD is the smaller cabinet to the back of the girl. Both cabinets were liquid cooled, hence their small size.

    Our Cray C90 had twelve central processing units (custom vector silicon) with a clock speed of 230 MHz and contained 512 megawords (4096 megabytes) of shared memory. It also had a 512 megaword Solid State storage Device (SSD). Its I/O subsystem also connected to a Cray 2 to handle all access to real disk - making that Cray 2 one of the most expensive disk controllers ever.

    Though the vector CPUs were outmatched by newer systems, we continued to use the C90 into 1999 for oil exploration because of its incredible I/O throughput and ability to handle very large datasets (1GB) efficiently.