Ethernet actually needs to be divided into two layers. The first is the physical media that can be coax or twisted pair copper or even optical cable. The second is the medium independent part of ethernet (CSMA/CD).
Anyone know what the first digital synthesiser was?
I don't know if Erkki Kurenniemis DIMI-A from 1969 was the first and how much of it was actually digital but here is some info grabbed from the net:
"Erkki Kurenniemi [b. 1941] was the key figure during the early years of Finnish electronic music. He built the Helsinki University's electronic studio and started voluntary work during 1961-62. Kurenniemi was a physicist, but a strong interest in electronic music and electronic instruments took him into the music world. When he was a young student, he had an electronic studio at the school's organ balcony for a short time, where he made some experiments with his schoolmates during the late 50's. But his dream of a real studio came true a few years later when he was offered the chance to build the university's studio. Serious work started and little by little his self-made equipment was ready and studio work could commence.
From the beginning of 1963 other composers started to visit and work at the studio. At a very early stage [in early 1960s], Kurenniemi decided to use digital technology in his electronic instruments. Another basic idea was to think of the whole studio as a one big instrument and to develop it technically in the direction where it would be possible to play the studio in real-time. In fact his composition On-Off was played in real time for the tape. During the recording process he controlled all tape machines, sound sources and effects himself.
Kurenniemi worked at the university studio until the end of the decade, when he left to found his company Digelius Electronics Ltd to build and market his own original electronic instruments. At the top of the Kurenniemi's design line were DIMI-series [Digital Music Instrument] synthesizers. DIMI-A [1969] was controlled and played by an 'electric pen'; DIMI-E ['electroencephalophone', 1970] by electrodies connected to a human head, reading brainwaves; DIMI-S ['sexophone', 1971] by sensors attached to the arm, reading electrical chances from the skin.
The most interesting of Kurenniemi's digital instruments is DIMI-O [1971], a video-synthesizer. By using a video camera and monitor, all moving video images could be converted to electronic music by this device. He organized concerts where DIMI-O was controlled by a dancer's movements or a symphony orchestra conductor's hand moves. He also did an 11-minute long film DIMI Ballet [1971], in English, where he demonstrates the capabilities of DIMI-O video-synthesizer with the help of a dancer. The film is one of the first works in the field of interactive video art.
It should also be mentioned that all of Kurenniemi's electronic instruments still exist and still function. Kurenniemi also created the first commercially manufactured and marketed microcomputer in 1973 (two years before the American MITS Altair), and during late 70's worked with robotics. Later on he became interested in Artificial Intelligence and since the 90's has worked as a researcher/coordinator at the Heureka Science Museum. Recently he finished a manuscript for the book about his theory of music harmony, which mathematically proves a totally new perspective on the subject.
As was previously mentioned, On-Off [1963] was composed in real-time at the Helsinki University's electronic studio. Kurenniemi has stated that the name and the character of the work is connected to the acoustic experience of the power-station's generator-hall."
After searching for a whooping 5 minutes and even googling (gasp!) I couldn't find any decent article about what this actually is, just lots of info on how to use it. It looks like there is a new query language so it might be interesting for query expansion. But how does it extract these key facts from the documents? Does it do real natural language analysis? Just guess by looking at the document terms like every other search technology? Or is it just a framework that doesn't really do anything by itself? It sure looks like it when skimming http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/433/gotz.ht ml so no revolution yet, sorry.
The university network, FUNET, has 10Gbps. In addition several other ISPs have their own backbone lines out of the country. Some of them are listed at the Finnish Communication and Internet Exchange (look at the statistics). I have no idea what the total bandwith of all these operators is.
So this is all kind of like software or music piracy, but in a virtual world? Cool. Hope some real-world pirates get hit by this and realise the similarity of the situation.
There is an alternative you know. Go to and old-fashioned record shop and get real service, good recommendations and the ability to listen to more then just the "best of" clips of an album.
Searching for music and buying it online is much more convenient, and buying only the tracks I like makes so much more sense.
It depends on what type of music you like of course but I want whole albums. I also want physical media. If nothing else, physical media has second hand value.
They're not giving it away for free. The government charges taxpayers for the music and they have no choice but to pay.
So in fact the whole existance of the BBC is unfair competition, then? It probably is. And in my oppinion the commercial companies will just have to manage anyway. The BBC has been giving away music over radio and tv for decades but now when its over the Internet is suddenly a problem?
The real problem is that for any large piece of software it will take years if not more to test the program thoroghly so you'll just never know. Also, you need to formally verify that all the algorithms you use are correct as well. Then you have to verify and test the APIs between all those beautiful lines of code/functions you have too.
Slashdot Mirror
Yeah there you go. You can even call it something cool, like OS X.
Yeah VB.NET is considerably cleaner than VB6. The doesn't stop "old-school" VB-coders from producing spagetthi code in it though.
As stated elsewhere the EU could just declare MS products public domain which would make things even uglier.
You have to be proven guilty. Who the hell is going to do that?
Excellent! We can buy the less evil console from the less evil Microsoft then!
Aren't they public domain due to their age? Surely you can't patent something that is pd and get away with it? Please say it is so!
..since the company should test all products before they start selling them. No one person is usually responsible for bad products.
The logic is the reverse: If its NOT ok for these other nations, why is it ok for the US?
If the MD5sums for two files don't match, then you can still say the files definitely are not the same. So it's not entirely useless.
But if they DO match? What then? Then you can't say anything. A hashing algorithm really is fairly useless for security once its broken.
You still own the copyright to your own code..
Ethernet actually needs to be divided into two layers. The first is the physical media that can be coax or twisted pair copper or even optical cable. The second is the medium independent part of ethernet (CSMA/CD).
Anyone know what the first digital synthesiser was?
I don't know if Erkki Kurenniemis DIMI-A from 1969 was the first and how much of it was actually digital but here is some info grabbed from the net:
"Erkki Kurenniemi [b. 1941] was the key figure during the early years of Finnish electronic music. He built the Helsinki University's electronic studio and started voluntary work during 1961-62. Kurenniemi was a physicist, but a strong interest in electronic music and electronic instruments took him into the music world. When he was a young student, he had an electronic studio at the school's organ balcony for a short time, where he made some experiments with his schoolmates during the late 50's. But his dream of a real studio came true a few years later when he was offered the chance to build the university's studio. Serious work started and little by little his self-made equipment was ready and studio work could commence.
From the beginning of 1963 other composers started to visit and work at the studio. At a very early stage [in early 1960s], Kurenniemi decided to use digital technology in his electronic instruments. Another basic idea was to think of the whole studio as a one big instrument and to develop it technically in the direction where it would be possible to play the studio in real-time. In fact his composition On-Off was played in real time for the tape. During the recording process he controlled all tape machines, sound sources and effects himself.
Kurenniemi worked at the university studio until the end of the decade, when he left to found his company Digelius Electronics Ltd to build and market his own original electronic instruments. At the top of the Kurenniemi's design line were DIMI-series [Digital Music Instrument] synthesizers. DIMI-A [1969] was controlled and played by an 'electric pen'; DIMI-E ['electroencephalophone', 1970] by electrodies connected to a human head, reading brainwaves; DIMI-S ['sexophone', 1971] by sensors attached to the arm, reading electrical chances from the skin.
The most interesting of Kurenniemi's digital instruments is DIMI-O [1971], a video-synthesizer. By using a video camera and monitor, all moving video images could be converted to electronic music by this device. He organized concerts where DIMI-O was controlled by a dancer's movements or a symphony orchestra conductor's hand moves. He also did an 11-minute long film DIMI Ballet [1971], in English, where he demonstrates the capabilities of DIMI-O video-synthesizer with the help of a dancer. The film is one of the first works in the field of interactive video art.
It should also be mentioned that all of Kurenniemi's electronic instruments still exist and still function. Kurenniemi also created the first commercially manufactured and marketed microcomputer in 1973 (two years before the American MITS Altair), and during late 70's worked with robotics. Later on he became interested in Artificial Intelligence and since the 90's has worked as a researcher/coordinator at the Heureka Science Museum. Recently he finished a manuscript for the book about his theory of music harmony, which mathematically proves a totally new perspective on the subject.
As was previously mentioned, On-Off [1963] was composed in real-time at the Helsinki University's electronic studio. Kurenniemi has stated that the name and the character of the work is connected to the acoustic experience of the power-station's generator-hall."
80% of all Linux users would play WoW? Hahahahahha....
After searching for a whooping 5 minutes and even googling (gasp!) I couldn't find any decent article about what this actually is, just lots of info on how to use it. It looks like there is a new query language so it might be interesting for query expansion. But how does it extract these key facts from the documents? Does it do real natural language analysis? Just guess by looking at the document terms like every other search technology? Or is it just a framework that doesn't really do anything by itself? It sure looks like it when skimming http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/433/gotz.ht ml so no revolution yet, sorry.
In other news: The main ingredient in McDonald's burgers reveiled to be human flesh.
The university network, FUNET, has 10Gbps. In addition several other ISPs have their own backbone lines out of the country. Some of them are listed at the Finnish Communication and Internet Exchange (look at the statistics). I have no idea what the total bandwith of all these operators is.
So this is all kind of like software or music piracy, but in a virtual world? Cool. Hope some real-world pirates get hit by this and realise the similarity of the situation.
There is an alternative you know. Go to and old-fashioned record shop and get real service, good recommendations and the ability to listen to more then just the "best of" clips of an album.
I you still need your fix, buy second hand or even better, buy only indie music.
It depends on what type of music you like of course but I want whole albums. I also want physical media. If nothing else, physical media has second hand value.
So in fact the whole existance of the BBC is unfair competition, then? It probably is. And in my oppinion the commercial companies will just have to manage anyway. The BBC has been giving away music over radio and tv for decades but now when its over the Internet is suddenly a problem?
The real problem is that for any large piece of software it will take years if not more to test the program thoroghly so you'll just never know. Also, you need to formally verify that all the algorithms you use are correct as well. Then you have to verify and test the APIs between all those beautiful lines of code/functions you have too.
The reason is that this way they can prevent cheating. If they open source it they can no longer trust YOU..
Some people call it buying redbook cds or vinyl.
That's a loser's game.
The question is should we keep playing it or give up now and just mail our souls in to Bill?