One feature I would love is if it supported whole lists. That is whole white and black lists from different people that are assigned at different priority levels.
I am puzzled why open source text books have not taken off. For all the subsidies the government provides graduates you would think we would compel them to write and edit text books detailing much of what they have learned. And of course those books should be open sourced to be edited collectively by teachers that use them. There can't be more than a hundred different ways to write a calculus textbook so why does such a common subject cost so much?
How about everyone in the world stopped using sloped roofs and started using flat roofs. Then we could all setup hydroponics on roofs and grow commodity vegetables. Once you get past the learning curve it's actually quite minimal work. Then looking down from planes all we would see is green buildings.
Hydroponics is mostly commodity materials and custom made so there is plenty of work. In colder areas which is most of the world we would enclose the roofs in glass for hot houses and vent them during the summers. Pumps which is all the tech you really need can be easily powered by small solar panels in sunny areas and other places the equivalent of a car battery.
Those that don't want to be bothered can either lease their roofs or setup solar panels.
This is what happens in real life and they just stopped the study. Obviously there was indeed physiological trauma but life is full of trauma. We need to understand how people are affected and possibly how to mitigate the damage. What those students went though was nothing compared to real life. God forbid they actually had to fight a war, go to real prison, or be a bullied minority in a society.
We have children in foster care and the juvenile delinquent system that have to live through a minimum of ten times worse for their entire childhood. Domination, submission, aggression, self identity, group consciousness, cruelty, self justification, compassion... we need human studies.
It shouldn't have been all their products. It is and should always be an efficient product. They should have had the marketing that the windows phone has now. But they never really marketed it. The truth is business people are very slow to change so having a conservative product line for businesses was a good idea. But they should have still had an innovative and hip product line too. Quite frankly they should have been the first to jump on the android bandwagon. Not to replace blackberry but to try innovative things.
The point of sale is where the retailer is. If I buy something from a website in France I pay french taxes, levies and the vat and I'm responsible for import taxes since I'm effectively buying it there and having it shipped. If online retailers have to figure out the taxes on everyone on all the city, province, and country level it would be catastrophe.
The only reasonable answer is having a federal sales tax or making the postal services collect notices on purchases and requiring payment before final delivery. That is the reasonable and simple answer. Shipping services are a logistics service and in the position to figure tax information out. It would be a natural part of their service.
The one great thing about space is that once you get there, even low earth orbit, it doesn't take much more fuel to maneuver.
Setup a few different fuel depots. Have tanker bots shuttle it between orbits. Then have repair robots and their detachable tanks rendezvous with the tankers. A repair boats would consists of at least two robots, a fuel tank and repairing instruments and parts.
This way is full of redundancy. And as a side benefit broken parts can be ferried to the ISS for repair. Ideally your would want at least a dozen repair boats stationed in different orbits to minimize fuel consumption for travel between orbits and redundancy for failing units.
What we really need to build in space in a solar power plant and a manufacturing foundry. If we could build and recycle in space it would be a lot more efficient.
And to will/trust it to others upon his death. Should it be sold, the first time or subsequent times the federal government/state of Alaska should have the option to pay fair market value which would be nothing compared to how much they spent getting it in the first place. If the rocks had any real Significant value Nasa would not have given them away.
It was discarded. He recovered and restored it. It's up to the state to prove how unique and necessary it is as a national treasure. And the truth is it isn't. By the very reasoning the remains of all the astronautics that have been to the moon would be national treasure. This isn't a case of looting or theft.
The illegal market depends on cash too much. If they took away cash people would start carrying around platinum, gold, silver and copper coins again as well as having funds deposited in foreign currency and the US government won't let that happen. China will go paperless long before the US does.
I don't see the bang for the buck when it comes to the shuttle system. It should have been replaced with a new model in 1995 anyway but politics and lucrative Nasa contracts got in the way. Nasa is an inefficient government agency. It can't afford mistakes so it throws money at problems. When it came to getting to the moon that is what was needed.
We are far better off gutting the Nasa budget and stop building ships and reinvest in R&D for ten years. The aerospace industry is more than capable of designing more efficient and safer vehicles. It is far more beneficial to just give grants away and fund development races like the xprize for actual achievements. And it doesn't matter if we no longer have a functioning space shuttle, the nuclear arsenal is slowly reducing all the time; we have more space capable rockets than we know what to do with at the moment. Nasa served it's purpose and proved what can be done. Quite frankly it's time an international coalition took over exploration with Nasa managing the purse strings. It will be 75% American anyway.
The goal for solar system development means private corporations. Manufacturing and power systems. We need to get them up there.
Governments do need their secrets, especially diplomatically. They also don't need as much secrecy as they claim. The point of whistle blowers is that they take action when they see the government doing wrong in secret. In modern times with computers there is just too much information for any one person to review and that is what Wikileaks was suppose to address. There was suppose to be conscientious people at the helm reviewing material before release so that people like Bradley Manning could entrust that due diligence would be observed. For the vast majority of cables there was no relevance or crime.
Julian Assange abandoned Bradley Manning and failed to deliver on the implied promise of using digression. Wikileaks no longer accepts submissions and I wonder who would actually trust Wikileaks now. Furthermore it's a sure thing that all would be imitators will be infiltrated by governments from here on out.
Undoubtedly good has been served. But the failure of trust and reputation is total.
And it's only a test/phase in to see who complains. Only very old and cheap devices used power to clock themselves. If you really need those devices to be more accurate then they are easy to retrofit externally with a brick filter or internally change the mechanism to use a chrystal or replace in innards altogether.
I won't invest money in a game/experience and spend weeks or months of time playing only to find out one day it's denied to me and I can't revisit it. They should have gone more the way of City of Heroes. But the best thing would have been if online game companies escrowed their code for an open source release (of some form) when the game died, that would be a major feature to me that would make me consider investing hundred of dollars in an online game.
Please correct me if I'm wrong. Could this article be mistaken? Weren't they going to suspend the roadster for 2 or 3 years to produce the model S? Seems to me the article might be inaccurate. If Tesla is able to make a profit on the Model S I expect the Roadster will be back as a new model. The whole point of the Roadster was to gear up for production slowly; to work out the kinks and push the tech. I think Tesla's big goal is sublease their tech and or produce the electric subsystems for other manufacturers. Producing the cars themselves is a fallback position so auto makers can't strong-arm them. If Tesla makes it 10 years in the auto market they will be standing on solid ground. Unless the company is closing it's doors and going bankrupt I think it's likely we will see the Roadster again and leaner and meaner than ever before.
There is a crisis in this country when it comes to health care and legal representation. As far as health care it's a very simple thing but people are determined to make money off of it.
While sexual harassment in the workplace is certainly an issue, it doesn't matter if your innocent, if someone files a bogus claim your job won't defend you; they will settle and you will be fired. It is just so much cheaper to settle than to defend yourself. And it's a crime that women that are actual victims don't get their day in court. Everyone just settles and are unhappy and the lawyers and politicians make out. And your nuts if you don't think the system is intentional... I think settlements should be illegal.
They are in business school and they tried to recruit mark for his skills. They had no contract and what they actually wanted to create was more like a dating site rather than anything like what Facebook turned into.
I get offers all the time to create web sites for people but I'm like you have to have it all thought out and then come to me. Storyboard everything. If you can't do that we are wasting each others time. The idea person actually has to have an idea rather than me doing all the work creating the product. If I have to create the product and I'm doing it all myself anyway then I'm going to do it for myself. It takes more than a half cocked idea to actually make something like Facebook. The whole thing was sold on growth and being the next it thing and that's more than creating a few web pages.
This guy would have been smarter if he had found another disgruntled employee and waited a while and then framed him. Or could it be that that is what happened, he could have been marked as an obvious target and someone smarter set him up! Whomever did the hacking it was still childish, the equivalent of keying someones car.
I don't own an IT company but I wouldn't want to work with this guy. Very childish. I can't wait until we finally see these clowns plant child porn or evidence of credit card fraud and other serious crime so they can prove what I have said for years about that subject and computer vulnerability. The first being that no content should be illegal no matter how vulgar it is aka 1st amendment (instead use it to track down people and make sure they aren't committing crimes and making content). Second computer systems are insecure and any lay person should discount any digital evidence taken from a persons personal devices (it's just too easy to frame people). Hacking in inherently unprovable unless you actively bug a persons house and computer and can show he manned the keyboard and can be video recorded tying the things they accused him of doing. I say this because even I would be smart enough to rig a persons computer to do things in the background while he was physically at the computer.
As far as law enforcement I am surprised that more people aren't up in arms over the fact that with a simple accusation the police can come in and permanently seize thousands of dollars of computer equipment and all your personal information and just maybe you'll get it back five years later when it's obsolete and only if you managed to actually prove your innocence (not found not guilty). Further they take can take all your backups so you have nothing to restore from. Then they will probably try to strong arm you with the lure of getting your property back. And this is all legal.
Everything that is happening lately is sheer folly. Any real hacker or cracker wouldn't shoot themselves in the foot like this. These are amateurs pretending to be gang members. These are governments and companies posing as hackers to get tougher anti nerd laws passed. You just don't have a anarchist mentality show up overnight like this among people more educated than the average college graduate. You could possibly have it over something like a ten year period with a couple small groups but not like what is happening now. It's disgraceful and the only logical explanation is a campaign for a more controlled and metered internet with less privacy. A 911 to justify controlling the net.
With open source code as pervasive as it is it's all to easy for a coder at a company to cheat and plagiarize. Maybe even sabotage his own company. Courts would need to look at the amount of code involved and determine if the company in question had reasonable knowledge of infringement. Damage? The answer is we need a clear decision as far as disclosure from companies when something like this happens. More or less depending upon the amount of code in question they must be forced for reply to a cease and desist letter and as quickly as possible and stop using infringing code as reasonably as possible. Failure to comply resulting in liability for actual damages to the tune of an estimate determined by the court for what it would cost to redevelop the code plus punitive damages..
As far as the GPL itself we have the static vs dynamic vs bundling issues. It's all just philosophical when we talk about software. To over-simply, linking is all just a concept controlled by compiler flags. At the end of the day we are only talking about how the bits are ordered on media. And for files on the internet you don't even have media. I think it would be all too easy for the courts to decide it's not clear and in effect rule the GPL to effectively become LGPL. I'm not even positive one could even write a legal definition of static vs dynamic linking except by abandoning the concepts for more concrete ones. I actually really want to see it go before SCOTUS and have lawyers try to explain pointers and addresses when they don't even understand it themselves. Then define execution. You will literally need to give them honorary degrees in "Computer Science" after the case.
Regardless of click through disclaimers Google would be sued left, right, and center for failures even if they achieved 99.999% success so there is no way they can do it. There would also be companies that would market toward children then and since children are impressionable they probably won't understand the value of privacy. So Google could be sued for facilitating companies. Doesn't matter if anyone wins although I'm sure there will be a few wins, most will fail but the real expense will be legal costs defending themselves with many cases simply settled. If you didn't know that's how lawyers pay their bills.
Seriously all these accidents are happening with first generation and prototype plants. The problem is the anti nuclear fanatics. The plants in Japan specifically should have been replaced at least 15 years ago. There is nothing cheap and cleaner for on demand fuel than nuclear. We need to invest in the tech rather than run away from it. Mandate that facilities must be demolished and rebuilt every 20 years. Pairing nuclear with solar, wind and thermal is obvious.
More specifically in the US we need the federal government to finance and push the construction of superconducting power lines of massive proportions with at least two lines supplying each state. The electrical equivalent of building the railroads. It will allow power plants at a distance. It will allow solar and the deserts in the south west to actually supply the bulk of electricity for the country with nuclear handling maybe 25% but being able to ramp to 200% if needed.
I was also thinking about the analogy of the GPU to math co-processor. But I think the future is kind of the reverse where processor packages are different specialized and generic architectures mixed and matched both on a single chip and motherboards that evolve into back planes. Expansion slots are more or less becoming processing slots. Sure you can plug peripherals into them but by and large peripherals have all gone external. A desktop motherboard is becoming little more than a backplane with an integrated processing card.
Processors more efficient at various strategies to speed up certain types of math for various special applications are needed more and more. Processors speed is not increasing like it was so we need to use transistors more efficiently. Specialized 3D computation was one way we needed to go the next I think will be variations on neutral networks for applications of fuzzy logic and pattern recognition. After that who knows, maybe go retro with analog signal processors. Maybe an FPGA processing card.
Slashdot Mirror
One feature I would love is if it supported whole lists. That is whole white and black lists from different people that are assigned at different priority levels.
I am puzzled why open source text books have not taken off. For all the subsidies the government provides graduates you would think we would compel them to write and edit text books detailing much of what they have learned. And of course those books should be open sourced to be edited collectively by teachers that use them. There can't be more than a hundred different ways to write a calculus textbook so why does such a common subject cost so much?
How about everyone in the world stopped using sloped roofs and started using flat roofs. Then we could all setup hydroponics on roofs and grow commodity vegetables. Once you get past the learning curve it's actually quite minimal work. Then looking down from planes all we would see is green buildings.
Hydroponics is mostly commodity materials and custom made so there is plenty of work. In colder areas which is most of the world we would enclose the roofs in glass for hot houses and vent them during the summers. Pumps which is all the tech you really need can be easily powered by small solar panels in sunny areas and other places the equivalent of a car battery.
Those that don't want to be bothered can either lease their roofs or setup solar panels.
This is what happens in real life and they just stopped the study. Obviously there was indeed physiological trauma but life is full of trauma. We need to understand how people are affected and possibly how to mitigate the damage. What those students went though was nothing compared to real life. God forbid they actually had to fight a war, go to real prison, or be a bullied minority in a society.
We have children in foster care and the juvenile delinquent system that have to live through a minimum of ten times worse for their entire childhood. Domination, submission, aggression, self identity, group consciousness, cruelty, self justification, compassion... we need human studies.
It shouldn't have been all their products. It is and should always be an efficient product. They should have had the marketing that the windows phone has now. But they never really marketed it. The truth is business people are very slow to change so having a conservative product line for businesses was a good idea. But they should have still had an innovative and hip product line too. Quite frankly they should have been the first to jump on the android bandwagon. Not to replace blackberry but to try innovative things.
The point of sale is where the retailer is. If I buy something from a website in France I pay french taxes, levies and the vat and I'm responsible for import taxes since I'm effectively buying it there and having it shipped. If online retailers have to figure out the taxes on everyone on all the city, province, and country level it would be catastrophe.
The only reasonable answer is having a federal sales tax or making the postal services collect notices on purchases and requiring payment before final delivery. That is the reasonable and simple answer. Shipping services are a logistics service and in the position to figure tax information out. It would be a natural part of their service.
The one great thing about space is that once you get there, even low earth orbit, it doesn't take much more fuel to maneuver.
Setup a few different fuel depots. Have tanker bots shuttle it between orbits. Then have repair robots and their detachable tanks rendezvous with the tankers. A repair boats would consists of at least two robots, a fuel tank and repairing instruments and parts.
This way is full of redundancy. And as a side benefit broken parts can be ferried to the ISS for repair. Ideally your would want at least a dozen repair boats stationed in different orbits to minimize fuel consumption for travel between orbits and redundancy for failing units.
What we really need to build in space in a solar power plant and a manufacturing foundry. If we could build and recycle in space it would be a lot more efficient.
And to will/trust it to others upon his death. Should it be sold, the first time or subsequent times the federal government/state of Alaska should have the option to pay fair market value which would be nothing compared to how much they spent getting it in the first place. If the rocks had any real Significant value Nasa would not have given them away.
It was discarded. He recovered and restored it. It's up to the state to prove how unique and necessary it is as a national treasure. And the truth is it isn't. By the very reasoning the remains of all the astronautics that have been to the moon would be national treasure. This isn't a case of looting or theft.
Never Gonna Happen
The illegal market depends on cash too much. If they took away cash people would start carrying around platinum, gold, silver and copper coins again as well as having funds deposited in foreign currency and the US government won't let that happen. China will go paperless long before the US does.
Disclaimer, I am a progressive libertarian..
I don't see the bang for the buck when it comes to the shuttle system. It should have been replaced with a new model in 1995
anyway but politics and lucrative Nasa contracts got in the way. Nasa is an inefficient government agency. It can't afford mistakes so it throws money at problems. When it came to getting to the moon that is what was needed.
We are far better off gutting the Nasa budget and stop building ships and reinvest in R&D for ten years. The aerospace industry is more than capable of designing more efficient and safer vehicles. It is far more beneficial to just give grants away and fund development races like the xprize for actual achievements. And it doesn't matter if we no longer have a functioning space shuttle, the nuclear arsenal is slowly reducing all the time; we have more space capable rockets than we know what to do with at the moment. Nasa served it's purpose and proved what can be done. Quite frankly it's time an international coalition took over exploration with Nasa managing the purse strings. It will be 75% American anyway.
The goal for solar system development means private corporations. Manufacturing and power systems. We need to get them up there.
Only the poll worker user database is sensitive. Everything else is public.
No voting information for cast ballots or the personal info for voters in the district.
I can only hope the access control list is on append only media.
Governments do need their secrets, especially diplomatically. They also don't need as much secrecy as they claim. The point of whistle blowers is that they take action when they see the government doing wrong in secret. In modern times with computers there is just too much information for any one person to review and that is what Wikileaks was suppose to address. There was suppose to be conscientious people at the helm reviewing material before release so that people like Bradley Manning could entrust that due diligence would be observed. For the vast majority of cables there was no relevance or crime.
Julian Assange abandoned Bradley Manning and failed to deliver on the implied promise of using digression. Wikileaks no longer accepts submissions and I wonder who would actually trust Wikileaks now. Furthermore it's a sure thing that all would be imitators will be infiltrated by governments from here on out.
Undoubtedly good has been served. But the failure of trust and reputation is total.
And it's only a test/phase in to see who complains. Only very old and cheap devices used power to clock themselves. If you really need those devices to be more accurate then they are easy to retrofit externally with a brick filter or internally change the mechanism to use a chrystal or replace in innards altogether.
I won't invest money in a game/experience and spend weeks or months of time playing only to find out one day it's denied to me and I can't revisit it. They should have gone more the way of City of Heroes. But the best thing would have been if online game companies escrowed their code for an open source release (of some form) when the game died, that would be a major feature to me that would make me consider investing hundred of dollars in an online game.
A major version should always have compelling features or a shift in model such as drivers.
Please correct me if I'm wrong. Could this article be mistaken? Weren't they going to suspend the roadster for 2 or 3 years to produce the model S? Seems to me the article might be inaccurate. If Tesla is able to make a profit on the Model S I expect the Roadster will be back as a new model. The whole point of the Roadster was to gear up for production slowly; to work out the kinks and push the tech. I think Tesla's big goal is sublease their tech and or produce the electric subsystems for other manufacturers. Producing the cars themselves is a fallback position so auto makers can't strong-arm them. If Tesla makes it 10 years in the auto market they will be standing on solid ground. Unless the company is closing it's doors and going bankrupt I think it's likely we will see the Roadster again and leaner and meaner than ever before.
There is a crisis in this country when it comes to health care and legal representation. As far as health care it's a very simple thing but people are determined to make money off of it.
While sexual harassment in the workplace is certainly an issue, it doesn't matter if your innocent, if someone files a bogus claim your job won't defend you; they will settle and you will be fired. It is just so much cheaper to settle than to defend yourself. And it's a crime that women that are actual victims don't get their day in court. Everyone just settles and are unhappy and the lawyers and politicians make out. And your nuts if you don't think the system is intentional... I think settlements should be illegal.
They are in business school and they tried to recruit mark for his skills. They had no contract and what they actually wanted to create was more like a dating site rather than anything like what Facebook turned into.
I get offers all the time to create web sites for people but I'm like you have to have it all thought out and then come to me. Storyboard everything. If you can't do that we are wasting each others time. The idea person actually has to have an idea rather than me doing all the work creating the product. If I have to create the product and I'm doing it all myself anyway then I'm going to do it for myself. It takes more than a half cocked idea to actually make something like Facebook. The whole thing was sold on growth and being the next it thing and that's more than creating a few web pages.
This guy would have been smarter if he had found another disgruntled employee and waited a while and then framed him. Or could it be that that is what happened, he could have been marked as an obvious target and someone smarter set him up! Whomever did the hacking it was still childish, the equivalent of keying someones car.
I don't own an IT company but I wouldn't want to work with this guy. Very childish. I can't wait until we finally see these clowns plant child porn or evidence of credit card fraud and other serious crime so they can prove what I have said for years about that subject and computer vulnerability. The first being that no content should be illegal no matter how vulgar it is aka 1st amendment (instead use it to track down people and make sure they aren't committing crimes and making content). Second computer systems are insecure and any lay person should discount any digital evidence taken from a persons personal devices (it's just too easy to frame people). Hacking in inherently unprovable unless you actively bug a persons house and computer and can show he manned the keyboard and can be video recorded tying the things they accused him of doing. I say this because even I would be smart enough to rig a persons computer to do things in the background while he was physically at the computer.
As far as law enforcement I am surprised that more people aren't up in arms over the fact that with a simple accusation the police can come in and permanently seize thousands of dollars of computer equipment and all your personal information and just maybe you'll get it back five years later when it's obsolete and only if you managed to actually prove your innocence (not found not guilty). Further they take can take all your backups so you have nothing to restore from. Then they will probably try to strong arm you with the lure of getting your property back. And this is all legal.
Everything that is happening lately is sheer folly. Any real hacker or cracker wouldn't shoot themselves in the foot like this. These are amateurs pretending to be gang members. These are governments and companies posing as hackers to get tougher anti nerd laws passed. You just don't have a anarchist mentality show up overnight like this among people more educated than the average college graduate. You could possibly have it over something like a ten year period with a couple small groups but not like what is happening now. It's disgraceful and the only logical explanation is a campaign for a more controlled and metered internet with less privacy. A 911 to justify controlling the net.
With open source code as pervasive as it is it's all to easy for a coder at a company to cheat and plagiarize. Maybe even sabotage his own company. Courts would need to look at the amount of code involved and determine if the company in question had reasonable knowledge of infringement. Damage? The answer is we need a clear decision as far as disclosure from companies when something like this happens. More or less depending upon the amount of code in question they must be forced for reply to a cease and desist letter and as quickly as possible and stop using infringing code as reasonably as possible. Failure to comply resulting in liability for actual damages to the tune of an estimate determined by the court for what it would cost to redevelop the code plus punitive damages..
As far as the GPL itself we have the static vs dynamic vs bundling issues. It's all just philosophical when we talk about software. To over-simply, linking is all just a concept controlled by compiler flags. At the end of the day we are only talking about how the bits are ordered on media. And for files on the internet you don't even have media. I think it would be all too easy for the courts to decide it's not clear and in effect rule the GPL to effectively become LGPL. I'm not even positive one could even write a legal definition of static vs dynamic linking except by abandoning the concepts for more concrete ones. I actually really want to see it go before SCOTUS and have lawyers try to explain pointers and addresses when they don't even understand it themselves. Then define execution. You will literally need to give them honorary degrees in "Computer Science" after the case.
Regardless of click through disclaimers Google would be sued left, right, and center for failures even if they achieved 99.999% success so there is no way they can do it. There would also be companies that would market toward children then and since children are impressionable they probably won't understand the value of privacy. So Google could be sued for facilitating companies. Doesn't matter if anyone wins although I'm sure there will be a few wins, most will fail but the real expense will be legal costs defending themselves with many cases simply settled. If you didn't know that's how lawyers pay their bills.
In fact it would be the killer app (if I can stretch the term) for their .net and silverlight push.
Seriously all these accidents are happening with first generation and prototype plants. The problem is the anti nuclear fanatics. The plants in Japan specifically should have been replaced at least 15 years ago. There is nothing cheap and cleaner for on demand fuel than nuclear. We need to invest in the tech rather than run away from it. Mandate that facilities must be demolished and rebuilt every 20 years. Pairing nuclear with solar, wind and thermal is obvious.
More specifically in the US we need the federal government to finance and push the construction of superconducting power lines of massive proportions with at least two lines supplying each state. The electrical equivalent of building the railroads. It will allow power plants at a distance. It will allow solar and the deserts in the south west to actually supply the bulk of electricity for the country with nuclear handling maybe 25% but being able to ramp to 200% if needed.
I was also thinking about the analogy of the GPU to math co-processor. But I think the future is kind of the reverse where processor packages are different specialized and generic architectures mixed and matched both on a single chip and motherboards that evolve into back planes. Expansion slots are more or less becoming processing slots. Sure you can plug peripherals into them but by and large peripherals have all gone external. A desktop motherboard is becoming little more than a backplane with an integrated processing card.
Processors more efficient at various strategies to speed up certain types of math for various special applications are needed more and more. Processors speed is not increasing like it was so we need to use transistors more efficiently. Specialized 3D computation was one way we needed to go the next I think will be variations on neutral networks for applications of fuzzy logic and pattern recognition. After that who knows, maybe go retro with analog signal processors. Maybe an FPGA processing card.