It was caused by a shortage of money. The Fed tightened, causing a deflationary collapse. Without a certain critical mass of money, the economy will not function. The speculative excesses of the 20's were caused by a loose monetary policy that was then whipsawed to an overly tight policy. Ironically, the entity responsible for these actions, the Fed, was supposedly created to "smooth over" business cycles, not exacerbate them.
If flywheels were only used to temporarily store braking energy until you started moving again, precession would not be much of a problem. Why not? people use their brakes coming into turns all the time. Most cars that stop to turn right are already partially turned before they are stopped. Basically, there would be all sorts of turning while the flywheels were spinning.
Also, your proposal of adding a new and revolutionary subsystem (for cars) that touches pretty much the entire drivetrain, and requires significant engineering effort, but can't be used except in limited cases, is not cost effective.
"Have you ever heard a lecture by a climate scientist? I have, and the predictions are quite dire." Have you ever heard a sermon by a baptist? I have, and their predictions are quite dire.
Those so-called "counterfeit" chips and boards you are talking about were actually unauthorized builds by contract manufacturers. If they don't work right, it is because they used seconds or substituted cheaper parts( eg lower voltage, temp rated capacitors, etc.) on the PCB. Essentially, the danger would be shipping boards that do not meet spec, the kind of stuff that can happen even without any monkey business involved.
That has nothing to do with embedding "malware" type features into working chip and having it still pass muster. When I talked about counterfeit, I meant a _fake_ chip from a third party, not somebody running off extra copies on the "4th shift".
By the way the R&D groups of manufacturers have been known to buy end products containing their chips from local retail instead of building their own copy of the reference design because the retail product is cheaper due to economies of scale. So a malware chip can easily end up back in the place that is most likely to detect it.
Remove the carry lookahead logic, shrink the cache, etc.
Even if changes cannot be spotted by examination, they can be caught by Manufacturing and Benchmarking tests that are used to validate each revision. JTAG tests, current consumption tests, functional tests, end to end performance tests, etc. After MFG tests wafers, QA runs its tests on packaged dies, then AEs take a look at it, then the SW and HW design teams use them as part of their development process. Then Customer engineers beat on them before they ever ship anything. Thats a lot of engineers with SAs, BERTs, Scopes, Throughput testers, DMMs, Hotboxes, Debuggers, calibration rigs, shakedown code, etc.
If a new chip does not match the old chip plus expected changes, you always end up with a bunch of AEs and Marketing guys in your face asking you WTF?!
Bottom line, nobody knowledgeable has said "flat impossible", but hacking chips without someone, maybe several, on the inside, is a very low odds proposition. It would be far easier to supply your own counterfeit chip with the mods and sneak it into the supply chain. This will hide how the chip looks in the package, but you better make sure it still works and takes juice like the old one, or one of the boards with the chip will end up back at the Vendor's R&D HQ, to be xrayed and thoroughly worked over by all those engineers.
Private archiving, (e.g. archive.org) coverage is not what it once was either, though maybe for different reasons.
More and more operators are choosing to protect their "intellectual property" using robots exclude, noarchive, or similar policies.
More and more websites use dynamic methods to present data, or use more complex interfaces involving javascript, flash, java, etc that make them technically hard to capture.
Conversations that formerly occurred on usenet now happen on proprietary bulletin board systems that are technically difficult to crawl. Furthermore, most BBS TOS forbid automated crawling.
It is interesting that as more and more content is backed by databases, it is getting harder and harder to access and search for the desired content.
This platform is based on el-cheapo 802.11 b/g which is a highly competitive, low margin market.
Basically, all the HW is in the ASICs, and the ASICs and reference SW are not open. In your example, a couple of grad students will do the work of an experienced PCB designer, which in this case will probably be OK since they will just be copying the reference design layout and handing it off to the PCB fab house.
Unfortunately, the only way to get the chips is to deal directly with the manufacturer. If you ever want to get any chips, you will need to convince the chip company that you are worth their bother. They would rather push all their chips to their top 10 customers, which are companies like Cisco, Sony, Apple, Microsoft, etc. At low volume, all you represent is one more company that they have to spend money supporting.
If they decide to deal with you, you will get fed their standard reference drivers. Since this project is something special, you may need register maps, the API to customize the reference drivers, and more support to get up to speed. You are now acting like a key customer instead of yet another OEM slapping some plastic around a reference design.
I think that it would be tough to do a better job making cheap HW than some overseas OEM, and that's not the real problem anyway. The real trick is getting the Chips and SW you will need from the chip manufacturer when you are attempting to take control of things that they prefer to control. Basically, you are at odds with their sales and marketing strategy, and you do not offer large volume.
Isn't this hashing over the same deal where the "counterfeit" parts were really just unauthorized copies of a good board? How is it "Anti-Terrorism" to terrify the crap out of unsuspecting people with far-fetched hypotheticals?
Articles like: "The danger of installing foreign designed, foreign made black boxes in our infrastructure" just sounds obvious, and the answer is obvious too: make your own boxes.
These so-called but not-exactly-counterfeits are a problem caused by a lot of short-sighted business fads. Aggressive offshoring of design and manufacturing means that you are not in control of the product anymore. It also means that you killed off your local design and manufacturing, making it that much harder to solve the problem.
If the "Counterfeit" uses full-spec parts, then are they really counterfeit? If they use crap parts, they will just break early, costing someone money. As far as a cyber-bot-net conspiracy, there are more realistic problems to worry about.
I guess they mean layout, since ASICs have their behavior defined in a hardware description language (HDL). I guess the design for the lower level layout could be protected this way, but that is not the only way IP is stolen. Maybe this would stop "3rd shift at the factory" type piracy, but you can't be sure from what's in the article.
It will not stop the snagging your high level design, which is where the actual proprietary IP is that your competitors want to steal.
While black is the best color to radiate heat, it's also the best color to absorb it. When trying to perform passive heat dissipation, there are no easy answers. Your tools are conduction, convection, radiation. Heat flows from hot to cold. The sun is hot and usually whenever you care, the outside is hot too. Have fun!
A lot of people are told they are depressed and put on antidepressants, even though the scenarios you outline only apply to a minority. For the vast majority of people on these drugs, they are gratuitous, and a distraction from solving the real problems which have to do with controlling negativity as you pointed out.
This is easy for everyone: doctors want to help and this is the fast way, patients want relief and this is the fast way, drug companies want money and this is the fast way. The patient is the pawn in this game and is no further along on their recovery.
This is a broad subject. In general, I find it interesting that the auto manufacturers with the best MPG ratings are those in countries with no petroleum industry, and/or weak industry lobbyists.
Is it really that interesting?
It seems obvious that countries with no petroleum industry will have a weak petroleum lobby. Furthermore, people in countries with no petroleum industry pay more for petroleum and will favor manufacturers with better MPG ratings.
Recently, Americans have had a combination of cheap gas and extra spending money for cars, so they were focused on everything but MPG. Things are swinging the other way now, so you will see MPG go up.
I am not sure exactly what you are trying to say, but whatever you want to call it, many civilians working for DoD contractors have compartmentalized clearances which give them access to highly sensitive information, way more sensitive than secret.
For example, I am sure that the almost entirely civilian staff of engineers that work at the contractors that design the numerous classified weapons systems in the military would be surprised that those 5 and 10 year background checks, polygraphs, debriefings, etc. are for a clearance somewhere between "confidential" and "secret".
If you know one of these people, you know they don't talk about it. You find out about it 10 years later in a book after its all declassified, or maybe never if there is no book.
The article says that Intel has just doubled the size of PRAM, which is nice, but PRAM will not be commercially viable for some time to come, so I the article, or at least the headline is somewhat sensational. I guess science journalists are still journalists.
When I am working on a design, I guess i could say that I increased the capability by an infinite amount at the moment when the first prototype is verified functional.
The article promises to tell us about the "true cost of SMS" but never actually does this.
Cellular networks are very different than the data networks. One big difference is that while our data networks are connectionless, the focus of cellular networks is on connections. Operators must balance the use of SMS messages with the normal call traffic. Perhaps SMS use is disrupting normal call traffic and the operators are using the free market to curb SMS volume?
Modern cellular protocols are reducing the connection-centricity of the networks and the price of text messages will likely come down, but at that point the messages will probably be run over 3G instead of the SMS mechanism.
I thought you were saying that the US will be broke soon, and subsequently "pwn3d" by foreigners.
Are you still saying that? What does it mean? If I own a couple hundred common shares of GOOG, I own something, but control nothing.
I think we are under different understandings of certain concepts, like ownership, assets, bank, etc. I tried to say before, when you talk of "China" owning a "US" "bank", what does this even mean? What kind of bank, who in China, etc? You have all the acronyms and vocabulation down, but the map is not the territory, what matters is the mechanism. If Japan buys Pebble Beach at the top, who cares? They cannot take Pebble Beach anywhere, its in the US, they can come visit.
Promises of cash money income from people is way better than fake credit. The credit was just a tool to get control of the money feeds of real people. They autopay their little paystubs into your bank, you autotake your mortgage interest out. Thats renting out money; nice business. OK little munchkins, we forgive your debt by $100K, but um, we're gonna have to raise interest rates a bit, mkay? Money flow preserved, Geddit?
BTW, the moment that the debt is forgiven, that is like a little elf took that money, opened a furnace door, and popped it in.
That is deflation, and that means the dollar drifts higher, not lower.
As far as this foreign "pwn4ge" goes, once again, control is key. Unlike with the little people with their mortgages, who can be controlled quite easily, the US nation is much harder to control. I thought I caught a hint of you saying that the US is kind of, shall we say, pugnacious? Well, let's say they are. Do you really think they are just going to roll over like a little lamb?
Um, here's an idea! Say I was, by any measure, the most powerful country in the world, but was running up a big "debt" (AKA accounting fiction) with other countries. If I thought the game of printing more fake money to get real stuff was over, maybe I would cover my bases somehow. Maybe I could take control of the oil region that my partners need to fuel their economic development. I could settle some old scores, test out the new "toys", flex a little muscle, but mainly keep things under control.
Maybe this is the case, maybe not. What I know from my forays into things financial and political is that me and the other J6Ps are the last to know what is really happening. Another thing is whenever things get trendy and in the news, you best saddle up, because we're drivin' the cattle to market. In other words, you are hearing about it now, because the financial/political establishment is running a move on you.
I have not been able to pin down what real, non-accounting-fiction, thing you think is going to knock the US off the top of the heap in the next few years, or who you think will take their place. We should all pray that all the financial doomsayers and USA haters are wrong, because if the US is destabilized financially, the whole world will suffer, and we could all end up in a world war.
Things get a little different when you own (hold hostage?) the mechanisms and ideology that define the global financial markets. Then there's the matter of settling up. In the global sandbox, there is no Sheriff to come with a court order to seize assets, so nobody can really push things past a certain point with the US (let us be real here). Everyone knows this, so the game is played in a more limited way.
To use the current real estate market as an example, there is a good chance that banks will forgive debt to avoid foreclosures and keep those monthly payments coming in. The same kind of thing will likely happen with this so-called US debt* you are talking about if things get bad enough.
* This "US Debt" is a catchall phrase for a lot of different stuff. Specifically, the gory details of who owns what to whom matters.
As far as China buying a US bank, they better watch their pockets! The US financial markets are considered a strategic asset, and anyway the establishment firms won't even let young American firms into the inner circle. Some boss dude at a big firm was just fired for suggesting the idea. If some people in China buy a bank, you can bet that they are being played for suckers by the most devious crooks on the planet, the US financial establishment, and will likely only end up owning a heaping pile of crap MBS.
Slashdot Mirror
It was caused by a shortage of money. The Fed tightened, causing a deflationary collapse. Without a certain critical mass of money, the economy will not function. The speculative excesses of the 20's were caused by a loose monetary policy that was then whipsawed to an overly tight policy. Ironically, the entity responsible for these actions, the Fed, was supposedly created to "smooth over" business cycles, not exacerbate them.
Those so-called "counterfeit" chips and boards you are talking about were actually unauthorized builds by contract manufacturers. If they don't work right, it is because they used seconds or substituted cheaper parts( eg lower voltage, temp rated capacitors, etc.) on the PCB. Essentially, the danger would be shipping boards that do not meet spec, the kind of stuff that can happen even without any monkey business involved.
That has nothing to do with embedding "malware" type features into working chip and having it still pass muster. When I talked about counterfeit, I meant a _fake_ chip from a third party, not somebody running off extra copies on the "4th shift".
By the way the R&D groups of manufacturers have been known to buy end products containing their chips from local retail instead of building their own copy of the reference design because the retail product is cheaper due to economies of scale. So a malware chip can easily end up back in the place that is most likely to detect it.
Even if changes cannot be spotted by examination, they can be caught by Manufacturing and Benchmarking tests that are used to validate each revision. JTAG tests, current consumption tests, functional tests, end to end performance tests, etc. After MFG tests wafers, QA runs its tests on packaged dies, then AEs take a look at it, then the SW and HW design teams use them as part of their development process. Then Customer engineers beat on them before they ever ship anything. Thats a lot of engineers with SAs, BERTs, Scopes, Throughput testers, DMMs, Hotboxes, Debuggers, calibration rigs, shakedown code, etc.
If a new chip does not match the old chip plus expected changes, you always end up with a bunch of AEs and Marketing guys in your face asking you WTF?!
Bottom line, nobody knowledgeable has said "flat impossible", but hacking chips without someone, maybe several, on the inside, is a very low odds proposition. It would be far easier to supply your own counterfeit chip with the mods and sneak it into the supply chain. This will hide how the chip looks in the package, but you better make sure it still works and takes juice like the old one, or one of the boards with the chip will end up back at the Vendor's R&D HQ, to be xrayed and thoroughly worked over by all those engineers.
Welcome aboard, Sir!
Private archiving, (e.g. archive.org) coverage is not what it once was either, though maybe for different reasons.
More and more operators are choosing to protect their "intellectual property" using robots exclude, noarchive, or similar policies.
More and more websites use dynamic methods to present data, or use more complex interfaces involving javascript, flash, java, etc that make them technically hard to capture.
Conversations that formerly occurred on usenet now happen on proprietary bulletin board systems that are technically difficult to crawl. Furthermore, most BBS TOS forbid automated crawling.
It is interesting that as more and more content is backed by databases, it is getting harder and harder to access and search for the desired content.
This platform is based on el-cheapo 802.11 b/g which is a highly competitive, low margin market.
Basically, all the HW is in the ASICs, and the ASICs and reference SW are not open. In your example, a couple of grad students will do the work of an experienced PCB designer, which in this case will probably be OK since they will just be copying the reference design layout and handing it off to the PCB fab house.
Unfortunately, the only way to get the chips is to deal directly with the manufacturer. If you ever want to get any chips, you will need to convince the chip company that you are worth their bother. They would rather push all their chips to their top 10 customers, which are companies like Cisco, Sony, Apple, Microsoft, etc. At low volume, all you represent is one more company that they have to spend money supporting.
If they decide to deal with you, you will get fed their standard reference drivers. Since this project is something special, you may need register maps, the API to customize the reference drivers, and more support to get up to speed. You are now acting like a key customer instead of yet another OEM slapping some plastic around a reference design.
I think that it would be tough to do a better job making cheap HW than some overseas OEM, and that's not the real problem anyway. The real trick is getting the Chips and SW you will need from the chip manufacturer when you are attempting to take control of things that they prefer to control. Basically, you are at odds with their sales and marketing strategy, and you do not offer large volume.
Define Counterfeit
Isn't this hashing over the same deal where the "counterfeit" parts were really just unauthorized copies of a good board? How is it "Anti-Terrorism" to terrify the crap out of unsuspecting people with far-fetched hypotheticals?
Articles like: "The danger of installing foreign designed, foreign made black boxes in our infrastructure" just sounds obvious, and the answer is obvious too: make your own boxes.
These so-called but not-exactly-counterfeits are a problem caused by a lot of short-sighted business fads. Aggressive offshoring of design and manufacturing means that you are not in control of the product anymore. It also means that you killed off your local design and manufacturing, making it that much harder to solve the problem. If the "Counterfeit" uses full-spec parts, then are they really counterfeit? If they use crap parts, they will just break early, costing someone money. As far as a cyber-bot-net conspiracy, there are more realistic problems to worry about.
I guess they mean layout, since ASICs have their behavior defined in a hardware description language (HDL). I guess the design for the lower level layout could be protected this way, but that is not the only way IP is stolen. Maybe this would stop "3rd shift at the factory" type piracy, but you can't be sure from what's in the article.
It will not stop the snagging your high level design, which is where the actual proprietary IP is that your competitors want to steal.
Adobe acquired, Macromedia merged.
While black is the best color to radiate heat, it's also the best color to absorb it. When trying to perform passive heat dissipation, there are no easy answers. Your tools are conduction, convection, radiation. Heat flows from hot to cold. The sun is hot and usually whenever you care, the outside is hot too. Have fun!
and the books were first published in the late 60's
So what's the news?
A lot of people are told they are depressed and put on antidepressants, even though the scenarios you outline only apply to a minority. For the vast majority of people on these drugs, they are gratuitous, and a distraction from solving the real problems which have to do with controlling negativity as you pointed out.
This is easy for everyone: doctors want to help and this is the fast way, patients want relief and this is the fast way, drug companies want money and this is the fast way. The patient is the pawn in this game and is no further along on their recovery.
Welcome to slashdot
This is a broad subject. In general, I find it interesting that the auto manufacturers with the best MPG ratings are those in countries with no petroleum industry, and/or weak industry lobbyists.
Is it really that interesting?
It seems obvious that countries with no petroleum industry will have a weak petroleum lobby. Furthermore, people in countries with no petroleum industry pay more for petroleum and will favor manufacturers with better MPG ratings.
Recently, Americans have had a combination of cheap gas and extra spending money for cars, so they were focused on everything but MPG. Things are swinging the other way now, so you will see MPG go up.
I am not sure exactly what you are trying to say, but whatever you want to call it, many civilians working for DoD contractors have compartmentalized clearances which give them access to highly sensitive information, way more sensitive than secret.
For example, I am sure that the almost entirely civilian staff of engineers that work at the contractors that design the numerous classified weapons systems in the military would be surprised that those 5 and 10 year background checks, polygraphs, debriefings, etc. are for a clearance somewhere between "confidential" and "secret".
If you know one of these people, you know they don't talk about it. You find out about it 10 years later in a book after its all declassified, or maybe never if there is no book.
The article says that Intel has just doubled the size of PRAM, which is nice, but PRAM will not be commercially viable for some time to come, so I the article, or at least the headline is somewhat sensational. I guess science journalists are still journalists.
When I am working on a design, I guess i could say that I increased the capability by an infinite amount at the moment when the first prototype is verified functional.
The article promises to tell us about the "true cost of SMS" but never actually does this.
Cellular networks are very different than the data networks. One big difference is that while our data networks are connectionless, the focus of cellular networks is on connections. Operators must balance the use of SMS messages with the normal call traffic. Perhaps SMS use is disrupting normal call traffic and the operators are using the free market to curb SMS volume?
Modern cellular protocols are reducing the connection-centricity of the networks and the price of text messages will likely come down, but at that point the messages will probably be run over 3G instead of the SMS mechanism.
s/shooted/shooter/
You keep posting this same kooky theory in almost any context, facts be damned. Good luck with that.
I thought you were saying that the US will be broke soon, and subsequently "pwn3d" by foreigners. Are you still saying that? What does it mean? If I own a couple hundred common shares of GOOG, I own something, but control nothing.
I think we are under different understandings of certain concepts, like ownership, assets, bank, etc. I tried to say before, when you talk of "China" owning a "US" "bank", what does this even mean? What kind of bank, who in China, etc? You have all the acronyms and vocabulation down, but the map is not the territory, what matters is the mechanism. If Japan buys Pebble Beach at the top, who cares? They cannot take Pebble Beach anywhere, its in the US, they can come visit.
Promises of cash money income from people is way better than fake credit. The credit was just a tool to get control of the money feeds of real people. They autopay their little paystubs into your bank, you autotake your mortgage interest out. Thats renting out money; nice business. OK little munchkins, we forgive your debt by $100K, but um, we're gonna have to raise interest rates a bit, mkay? Money flow preserved, Geddit?
BTW, the moment that the debt is forgiven, that is like a little elf took that money, opened a furnace door, and popped it in. That is deflation, and that means the dollar drifts higher, not lower.
As far as this foreign "pwn4ge" goes, once again, control is key. Unlike with the little people with their mortgages, who can be controlled quite easily, the US nation is much harder to control. I thought I caught a hint of you saying that the US is kind of, shall we say, pugnacious? Well, let's say they are. Do you really think they are just going to roll over like a little lamb?
Um, here's an idea! Say I was, by any measure, the most powerful country in the world, but was running up a big "debt" (AKA accounting fiction) with other countries. If I thought the game of printing more fake money to get real stuff was over, maybe I would cover my bases somehow. Maybe I could take control of the oil region that my partners need to fuel their economic development. I could settle some old scores, test out the new "toys", flex a little muscle, but mainly keep things under control.
Maybe this is the case, maybe not. What I know from my forays into things financial and political is that me and the other J6Ps are the last to know what is really happening. Another thing is whenever things get trendy and in the news, you best saddle up, because we're drivin' the cattle to market. In other words, you are hearing about it now, because the financial/political establishment is running a move on you.
I have not been able to pin down what real, non-accounting-fiction, thing you think is going to knock the US off the top of the heap in the next few years, or who you think will take their place. We should all pray that all the financial doomsayers and USA haters are wrong, because if the US is destabilized financially, the whole world will suffer, and we could all end up in a world war.
Things get a little different when you own (hold hostage?) the mechanisms and ideology that define the global financial markets. Then there's the matter of settling up. In the global sandbox, there is no Sheriff to come with a court order to seize assets, so nobody can really push things past a certain point with the US (let us be real here). Everyone knows this, so the game is played in a more limited way.
To use the current real estate market as an example, there is a good chance that banks will forgive debt to avoid foreclosures and keep those monthly payments coming in. The same kind of thing will likely happen with this so-called US debt* you are talking about if things get bad enough.
* This "US Debt" is a catchall phrase for a lot of different stuff. Specifically, the gory details of who owns what to whom matters.
As far as China buying a US bank, they better watch their pockets! The US financial markets are considered a strategic asset, and anyway the establishment firms won't even let young American firms into the inner circle. Some boss dude at a big firm was just fired for suggesting the idea. If some people in China buy a bank, you can bet that they are being played for suckers by the most devious crooks on the planet, the US financial establishment, and will likely only end up owning a heaping pile of crap MBS.
It goes: If you owe the bank $100 that's your problem. If you owe the bank $100 billion, that's the bank's problem. --J. Paul Getty