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Interview With Math Legend Benoit Mandelbrot

Vertigo01 writes "New Scientist is currently featuring an interview with Benoit Mandelbrot the father of the Mandelbrot set, and the man who discovered fractals. 'What motivates me now are ideas I developed 10, 20 or 30 years ago, and the feeling that these ideas may be lost if I don't push them a little bit further.'"

286 comments

  1. Quote from TFA by Meostro · · Score: 4, Insightful
    From TFA, a BRILLIANT! quote from a fella who apparently enjoys being a crotchety old bastard:
    All my life, I have enjoyed the reputation of being someone who disrupted prevailing ideas. Now that I'm in my 80th year, I can play on my age and provoke people even more.
    I hope to be like him when I get to be that old. In case any of you haven't heard of Mandelbrot, you should take a look here.
    1. Re:Quote from TFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      He's also enjoyed the reputation of being someone who capitalizes on other people's hard work and clever ideas.

      And he's not even the best at it.

    2. Re:Quote from TFA by legrimpeur · · Score: 5, Informative

      then you should loak at this and this and this and ...

    3. Re:Quote from TFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      I'm still waiting for him to show up in my town with the rest of the Legends of Math tour. That show is going to kick so much ass.

    4. Re:Quote from TFA by Vertigo01 · · Score: 1

      Y'know, the funniest thing is that THAT is the quote that I originally included when I submitted the story, but it got changed by the slashdot gods... to see it in the first post just cracks me up :)

      --Vertigo

    5. Re:Quote from TFA by mmarker · · Score: 1

      ...and soft matter systems, or piles of sand, or pores through activated carbon...

      (just finished my thesis, which did touch on fractal structure of soft matter systems. Very interesting stuff, in my biased opinion)

      --
      "the deep things in science are not found because they are useful; they are found because it was possible to find them."
    6. Re:Quote from TFA by Ned+in+California · · Score: 3, Insightful

      He probably does enjoy it. I read his book when it first came out in the early 80's. The book was interesting and had beautiful color pictures, but was extremely difficult to read because of the overwhelming arrogance and self aggrandizement. It seemed like every other sentence was something like "We were the first in the world to recognize this" and "All those other smucks never noticed that" and "this would never have been discovered if it weren't for our overarching genius"... I found the mathematics fascinating, but the tone of the book was almost unbearable. For me, the personality and attitude seeping through detracted from what would otherwise tremendously interesting. If I remember correctly, there were accusations that several other researchers were not adequately credited for their part in the development of fractal geometry, but that was over 20 years ago and I could be thinking of something else...

    7. Re:Quote from TFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, because as we all know, science is supposed to be about popularity, and who gets credit for what.

    8. Re:Quote from TFA by spacey · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Yeah, my uncle used to work with him. In those pretty IBM ads that featured some of the fractal work they were doing, IBM put Benoit in front of a screen with a bunch of pretty work my uncle was doing at the time. My uncle got no credit, of course.

      -Peter

      --
      == Just my opinion(s)
    9. Re:Quote from TFA by Bimikrash · · Score: 3, Funny
      Yeah, my uncle used to work with him. In those pretty IBM ads that featured some of the fractal work they were doing, IBM put Benoit in front of a screen with a bunch of pretty work my uncle was doing at the time. My uncle got no credit, of course.


      Yeah? Well, my aunt used to be his maid! She made his breakfast, combed his hair, and gave him all of his ideas. Not only did she teach him math when he was a kid, she walked 8 miles barefoot, in the snow, uphill both ways to do it. And did she get any credit? Nope!
    10. Re:Quote from TFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, I heard Grothendieck is coming out of retirement for this one.

    11. Re:Quote from TFA by Phragmen-Lindelof · · Score: 0, Flamebait

      Mandelbrot is not as smart as he claims to be. As I recall, fractal compression was developed by mathematicians at ANU (Canberra). Mandelbrot made some contributions but so did other people. It is unfortunate but, as with all disciplines, there are "mathematicians" who have huge egos and little regard for the contributions of others (and "no", I have never done any research on fractals and am not one of the people whose contribution is usually ignored by Mandelbrot - I have no personal ax to grind).

    12. Re:Quote from TFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Include some more links, will ya? After all, you can't really expect us to find our way to Google ourselves, can you?

      Christ. What some idiots are willing to do to get first post..

    13. Re:Quote from TFA by Maimun · · Score: 1

      Agreed!

    14. Re:Quote from TFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      For someone with a serious ego problem, try Ron.

    15. Re:Quote from TFA by Meostro · · Score: 1
      Include some more links, will ya? After all, you can't really expect us to find our way to Google ourselves, can you?
      Honestly? No.

      If you've been around for any length of time, you know that /.ers are the laziest people on earth. They comment willingly without either R-ing TFA nor researching the issue at hand. Why would googling the topic (not to mention looking to the image search) be any different?

      Christ. What some idiots are willing to do to get first post..
      I don't care about FP, it just took me less than 3 minutes after the article was written to come up with that. I can't be blamed for the rest of the /. community (including you ACs) taking two more minutes for the inevitable "FP/Hot Grits/AntiSlash" posts, you should've been quicker.
  2. Re:Is he any relation to by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    let me guess, dipshit:

    one is a surname, one is a forename.

    so, PROBABLY NO, dimwit.

  3. Discovered fractals? by Superfreaker · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Mandelbrot fractal sets are cool, but I think the first fractal discovered should be considered phi, aka the Golden Ratio. It may not be derived from the same mathmatics, but the end result is the same...

    1. Re:Discovered fractals? by Kenja · · Score: 1
      "...I think the first fractal discovered should be considered phi, aka the Golden Ratio"

      Do you mean the one in the Kabbalah?

      --

      "Have you ever thought about just turning off the TV, sitting down with your kids, and hitting them?"
    2. Re:Discovered fractals? by wankledot · · Score: 1

      A ratio by itself is not a fractal. That ratio can play into a lot of fractals and is seen in many places, but by itself is just a number.

      --
      My sig is blank, I typed this by hand.
    3. Re:Discovered fractals? by Christopher+Thomas · · Score: 1

      A ratio by itself is not a fractal. That ratio can play into a lot of fractals and is seen in many places, but by itself is just a number.

      You can probably consider the shape made by continuing to divide a rectangle using the golden ratio a fractal, as it's definitely self-similar and based on an affine transformation.

      You'd have to do a bit of sleight-of-hand defining the boundary for it to actually meet the definition, though. If you just count the lines added at each iteration, it has a fractal dimension of 1.

    4. Re:Discovered fractals? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      He wasn't even the first to discover the Mandelbrot set: http://www.fractal.org/Bewustzijns-Besturings-Mode l/The%20Mandelbrot%20Monk.htm

    5. Re:Discovered fractals? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And note at the bottom of that page: April 1st 1999.

    6. Re:Discovered fractals? by RWerp · · Score: 1

      Mandelbrot did not discover fractals. He talks in his interview about Julia's work. One could also mention the famous Sierpinski's Triangle, which was studied by a Polish mathematician Wadysaw Sierpiski.

      --
      "Long run is a misleading guide to current affairs. In the long run we are all dead." (John Maynard Keynes)
    7. Re:Discovered fractals? by RWerp · · Score: 1

      Wadysaw Sierpiski

      Something has eaten Polish diacritical symbols. His name without them is Wladyslaw Sierpinski.

      --
      "Long run is a misleading guide to current affairs. In the long run we are all dead." (John Maynard Keynes)
  4. Re:Is he any relation to by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    OK. How about Benoit Benjamin?

  5. Fractal compression by RealProgrammer · · Score: 2, Interesting
    I heard about this a long time ago. Did it ever go anywhere?
    fractal_compress(image) {
    generate fractal equation that 'looks like' portion of image;

    subtract the fractal from the image, leaving remainder;

    return (fractal plus fractal_compress(remainder));
    }

    I guess no one ever learned how to make a fractal equation that looked like a given image on the fly.

    --
    sigs, as if you care.
    1. Re:Fractal compression by m3j00 · · Score: 0

      I guess no one ever learned how to make a fractal equation that looked like a given image on the fly.

      I may be mistaken, but I think somebody did, and called it JPEG. It's not using fractals that will look familiar to a person accustomed to the mandlebrot set and other classic fractals, but it's essentially the same idea.

    2. Re:Fractal compression by Spy+der+Mann · · Score: 1

      I remember reading a paper that compared fractal compression with zerotree embedded wavelet compression, saying they were equivalent. So I guess that's where it went.

    3. Re:Fractal compression by RealProgrammer · · Score: 1

      >JPEG

      Er, no.

      A bit of googling showed some research, mostly in the early 90's, but not much progress.

      --
      sigs, as if you care.
    4. Re:Fractal compression by Ignignot · · Score: 2, Informative

      It is called wavelets and people are beginning to apply them to video and audio compression. Its tricky stuff though. The neat thing is that unlike FFT, these things operate on equations that tend to zero at plus/minus infinity. That may not seem like a big deal, but it tells you a lot about how good your approximation is and how many more calculations you should do before it is good. It is a very interesting concept - I wish I had learned more about them in my DSP class.

      --
      I submitted this story last night, and it didn't get posted.
    5. Re:Fractal compression by Ignignot · · Score: 1, Troll

      Bleh sorry, bad link. This is the right one. Waiting two minutes to post the correction........

      --
      I submitted this story last night, and it didn't get posted.
    6. Re:Fractal compression by Ignignot · · Score: 1

      Oh fuck it, I'm retarded. This. Better. Be. Right. Dammit. This is another site.

      --
      I submitted this story last night, and it didn't get posted.
    7. Re:Fractal compression by jejones · · Score: 5, Informative

      OK... if you remember way back when to vector spaces, for a given space, there are lots of "bases" (plural of basis), minimal sets of vectors that collectively "span" the space, i.e. pick any vector in the space and I can hand you a weighted sum of vectors in the basis that adds up to the vector you picked.

      OK... now, let's go on to vector spaces (or is this that further generalization thereof, namely Hilbert spaces?) where the "vectors" are functions! Those have bases, too. For functions with a particular period (i.e. there's some number p such that for any x and any integer k, f(x + kp) = f(x)), you can finagle {sin kx, cos kx | k in N} to maneuver the period from 2 * pi to p and position it appropriately so that they form a basis for that space of functions. ("My photo of Aunt Sarah isn't periodic!" you say? Then we pretend it's periodic, i.e. it infinitely repeats like a Warhol Marilyn Monroe, and just never show the repetitions.)

      Here's the trick: if you can arrange your basis so that those weights (remember the weighted sum?) get smaller and smaller as you go on, you can do lossy compression by throwing away all the terms past a certain point.

      People did it with Chebyshev polynomials to get decent results for power series approximations (at a cost of spreading around the error) with fewer terms, and you can do it with {sin kx, cos kx | k in N}, because as k gets bigger, sin kx and cos kx wiggle faster and faster, and most pictures don't look like Moire patterns or op art. (The reason that you don't want JPEG for line art is that sharp edges are guaranteed to require lots of terms, so they're guaranteed to look bad when you leave them out.)

    8. Re:Fractal compression by Ignignot · · Score: 4, Funny

      I'm going to hang myself now.

      --
      I submitted this story last night, and it didn't get posted.
    9. Re:Fractal compression by Ford+Prefect · · Score: 1

      I can't remember where I read it, but I recall the main failure of fractal compression of video wasn't decompression, but in compression. There might be parameters for a fractal algorithm with results which might almost perfectly match the data, but finding parameters would involve a massive trawl through possible inputs until something vaguely suitable turns up.

      Basically, with no nicely predictable way of converting input into algorithm parameters, there wasn't much chance of encoding video in any vaguely real-time manner, at least not without massive brute-force computation. Imagine MPEG, JPEG etc. without the Fast Fourier Transform - if you did it all by guessing the coefficients for the sine series, you wouldn't get anywhere fast...

      I think this argument was described in some interview relating to that new Dirac wavelet-based codec from the BBC, but I can't find it... :-)

      --
      Tedious Bloggy Stuff - hooray?
    10. Re:Fractal compression by TedCheshireAcad · · Score: 1
      Here's your problem:

      error: `generate' undeclared (first use in this function)


      I think your C is a little shaky.
    11. Re:Fractal compression by pohl · · Score: 4, Informative

      fractal image compression is a separate and distinct technique from wavelet transforms. I do recall that there was a company called Iterated Systems that had a browser plugin for viewing their proprietary image filetype. It looks like they've dropped off the face of the planet. Anyway, here's a nice bibliography on the subject.

      --

      The "cue the foo posts in 3, 2, 1..." posts will commence with no subsequent foo posts in 3, 2, 1...

    12. Re:Fractal compression by Dr+Caleb · · Score: 2, Funny
      So . . . did you ever find a funny .sig? :-)

      --
      "History doesn't repeat itself, but it does rhyme." Mark Twain
    13. Re:Fractal compression by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I once had a conversation with Linus Torvalds about fractal compression while at a Transmeta company picnic. He mentioned that he knew someone working on fractal compression, but his friend was kind of depressed about the whole thing, because the only people that really cared about it were porn vendors, who were using it to pack more images per CD.

    14. Re:Fractal compression by dougTheRug · · Score: 1

      Umm, yeah. Compresses pictures of clouds just great. Oh, and ferns, too.

  6. Tried to read it by HarveyBirdman · · Score: 5, Funny
    The interview was very complex, so I broke it down into sentences, but the sentences were as complex as the overall article. How could that be? So I broke it down into words, but still I found more complexity. Analyzing single characters simply brought out more detail. I zoomed into the pixels and whole worlds were unveiled. Where does it end?

    I wrote my first Mandelbrot set explorer on an Atari 800. :-) Yeah... fractal exploration in interpreted BASIC at 1.79 Megahertz. Good times.

    SLOW times, but good times.

    Fuck, I feel old. :-(

    --
    --- Ban humanity.
    1. Re:Tried to read it by qwijibo · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I remember typing that program in from one of the Antic magazines. Those were the good ol days. Between 1-2 days to generate each picture. Now we can do it in a matter of seconds on the average PC. Takes all the pride of accomplishment out of it when it's that simple.

    2. Re:Tried to read it by selderrr · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I wrote my first fractal in 8-bit color, sucker ! On a MacII no less. In Lightspeed (what's in a name...) C (or was it MPW ? don't remember).

      The average calculation time was 15min per pixel if i recall correctly. I just left it running the whole weekend and then on monday had to abort it cause someone needed to print and the damd mac couldn't multitask properly (Finder 1.x or so... not even multifinder in those days)

      Damd those were the days... I recall spending a whole day trying to find a way to optimize 1 inline asm call... and then re-running a pixel or 2 :-)

      I also recall my boss being angry about those 120KB image files filling up the 20MB harddisk at breakneck speed :-)

    3. Re:Tried to read it by coupland · · Score: 3, Funny

      Haha, I love it. When I read the first paragraph of your post I couldn't help but picture Calvin on one of his voyages of discovery while daydreaming in class. Tumbling through space as words zoom in on him and resolve into letters, then pixels, then photons...

    4. Re:Tried to read it by Khashishi · · Score: 1

      I wrote a mandelbrot prog on my TI-85. I never could run it with more than a few iterations though. It's interesting how nowadays we can calculate a plot of the mandelbrot in the blink of an eye in more detail than what took days to process 20 years ago.

    5. Re:Tried to read it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm not sure what to make of your post. You fondly remember the days of your youth, but that quickly turns south as you are reminded of how old you are. You seem weary of the world, or fatigued from constant cynicism, the "game", the "rat race", or what have you. Can your trailing sad-face emoticon be interpreted as a cry for help? Should anyone act? Say something, man!!

    6. Re:Tried to read it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Atari 800? Fuck, you are old!!

    7. Re:Tried to read it by Ford+Prefect · · Score: 1

      The interview was very complex, so I broke it down into sentences, but the sentences were as complex as the overall article. How could that be?

      Yes, but was it complex, or merely complicated?

      I recently rewrote a quotation for why some work would cost a client more using a similar line of thought, swapping the word 'complicated' for 'complex', because it sounds so much more... Complex.

      It really brought a smile to my face when I saw a certain Mr. B. Mandelbrot essentially agreeing with my use of the English language. :-)

      --
      Tedious Bloggy Stuff - hooray?
    8. Re:Tried to read it by Ford+Prefect · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I remember typing that program in from one of the Antic magazines. Those were the good ol days. Between 1-2 days to generate each picture. Now we can do it in a matter of seconds on the average PC.

      Why not do it in real time? A fairly old program, with smooth zooming into various fractals. Worked well on an old Pentium, looks bloody amazing on a modern machine!

      Does various tricks to avoid calculating too much, and is rather clever about it...

      --
      Tedious Bloggy Stuff - hooray?
    9. Re:Tried to read it by jd · · Score: 1
      I remember writing a Mandelbrot set generator on an 80386. All of the arithmetic was done on the 80387, using extended floats, and using the whole 8-value stack to avoid pulling and pushing from the FPU each loop. This made for extremely accurate fractals, but it was far from fast, even though I'd used fairly tight assembly.


      The graphics was done via super vga, poking values directly onto the card. The only "acceleration" I coded in was to use the mirroring across the y=0 axis on the Mandelbrot set. The set has a minimum value of 4, so by subtracting 4 allowed a "maximum" of 260.

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
    10. Re:Tried to read it by Christopher+Thomas · · Score: 1

      I wrote my first fractal in 8-bit color, sucker ! On a MacII no less.

      As long as we're having a pissing contest, I have code for Mandelbrot rendering on a TI-81 calculator kicking around ;). Took a couple of hours to render a 96x64 image taken to 32 iterations, if memory serves.

      I've been meaning to dust off that calculator for quite a while, now. Main problem is that it eats batteries for breakfast.

    11. Re:Tried to read it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Very funny Mr. Wittgenstein.

    12. Re:Tried to read it by gardyloo · · Score: 1

      Yeah, same here. But I screwed up the code at first, and instead of getting the Mandelbrot set, I got the bifurcation diagram. Since I'd read Gleick's _Chaos_, I was still pretty excited, and screwed around w/ the bifurcation program for a while until coding the thing better.

      It used up batteries like a bitch, though (whatever that means), so I collected a bunch of old batteries and wired them in series, and just ran the calc off of those overnight. One screen per night was pretty cool.

      Loved coding fractals on that dumb calculator. TI-Basic was an excellent platform for me to learn For() structures, and the dreaded GOTOs.

      Mandelbrot set code, Julia set code, and fractal fern (and Feigenbaum attractor, Sierpinski triangle, etc.) are too long for me to pseudocode in here, but here's Henon's Attractor: :Input "xStart:_", X :Input "yStart:_", y :While 1 z :0.3x->y :z->x :End

    13. Re:Tried to read it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Mandelbrot set code, Julia set code, and fractal fern (and Feigenbaum attractor, Sierpinski triangle, etc.) are too long for me to pseudocode in here,


      Well some of them are pretty easy:
      Mandelbrot: for complex point I and initial value V=(0,0), iterate V' = V^2 + I, when you reach a given magnitude, plot number of iterations

      Sierpinski:
      Pick 3 points and an initial value of one of those points. Iterate: choose a point at random and move halfway to it, plot that point
      The fern is similar, you randomly choose one of 4 matrices to apply to the current point

    14. Re:Tried to read it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well, you picked a good username, so you shouldn't feel THAT old!

    15. Re:Tried to read it by gstoddart · · Score: 1
      As long as we're having a pissing contest, I have code for Mandelbrot rendering on a TI-81 calculator kicking around ;). Took a couple of hours to render a 96x64 image taken to 32 iterations, if memory serves.

      I've been meaning to dust off that calculator for quite a while, now. Main problem is that it eats batteries for breakfast.


      Well, of course. When you have a steam-driven accumulator it's going to take some energy to operate.

      --
      Lost at C:>. Found at C.
    16. Re:Tried to read it by wertarbyte · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Xaos is also a nice way of looking at fractals. It can also work as Xscreensaver.

      --
      Life is just nature's way of keeping meat fresh.
    17. Re:Tried to read it by almightyjustin · · Score: 1
      Those were the good ol days. Between 1-2 days to generate each picture. Now we can do it in a matter of seconds on the average PC. Takes all the pride of accomplishment out of it when it's that simple.

      Ahh, but that's the thing about fractals. Sure, it's a lot faster at first, but go deep enough and things will get just as slow as they were in the good ol' days :P

      --

      Omnes arx vestrum sunt adiuncta nobis.

    18. Re:Tried to read it by Matey-O · · Score: 1

      Yeah, my first M'brot generator was for the Amiga 500 in Highschool. 4 days to render a 320x200x256 image. Now my ibook (a portable device that runs 5+ hours on a charge) will do 3.5 Gflops with a version that takes advantage of the ALTIVEC instructions onchip. Fractint on my 3 ghz P4 boggles the mind.

      --
      "Draco dormiens nunquam titillandus."
    19. Re:Tried to read it by Inthewire · · Score: 1
      --


      Writers imply. Readers infer.
    20. Re:Tried to read it by simcop2387 · · Score: 1

      yea i did that on an 82 i had, made it do twice the resolution of the screen just so that i got a better picture, even though it was scaled down later, it made it the result prettier, i also used the same technique to graph differential equations

    21. Re:Tried to read it by Desiderata · · Score: 1

      Hm... I drew (or more accurately, attempted to draw) a Mandelbrot set on my graphing calculator. Looking back at it, it must have been for pure amusement- it looked like a blob. Like my math teacher said, "why would you DO that?"

    22. Re:Tried to read it by gardyloo · · Score: 1

      Sorry, I suppose I should have said, "TI-BASIC" code, rather than "pseudocode".
      The Sierpinski triangle (or square, or what-have-you) was actually the first "project" I coded, on any computer. I saw a NOVA show on Chaos, and was fascinated that I could throw dice and produce this cool fractal. Then I realized I could code it. Because I had NO idea what was possible in the calculator, nor had any programming experience of any sort, it took me several days to figure the thing out. Then, when my friends got the first TI-82's, it really pissed me off that TI had put a Sierpinski generator in their instruction manuals. However, no one could explain how it worked, because it wasn't implemented in the "put a new point halfway between the previous point, and the randomly-chosen, fixed vertex". I should go back and see what that manual actually said.

    23. Re:Tried to read it by ScrewMaster · · Score: 1

      Yeah ... did it on an Apple ][ Standard. Integer ROMs, even. 1.0 Mhz. And yeah, I feel old too.

      --
      The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
    24. Re:Tried to read it by Finkbug · · Score: 1

      Fractint on my 10MHz XT. EGA resolutions. Grand times.

      Whenever I set up a new system I deep zoom a Mandlebrot (not THE Mandlebrot--deep zooming him must be illegal) until the system chokes to the will-take-twenty-four-hours point. Reaching that depth takes seconds. Moore's Law, yer arse is grass. Not that I'm deep zooming it or anything.

      --
      Feeling so good natured I could drool
    25. Re:Tried to read it by Hognoxious · · Score: 1
      I wrote my first fractal in 8-bit color, sucker ! On a MacII no less.
      Luxury! MS-Pascal, Mono on a 6MHz 8086. Used to take all night to run (added the ability to save to disk after someone hit a key before I'd seen it). Our department had one 386 with a 387, that could do it in a lunchtime.
      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    26. Re:Tried to read it by LSD-25 · · Score: 1

      You can even render the Mandelbrot set on a video card. There's an example of this in the OpenGL Shading Language manual (the orange book).

      http://opengl.org/documentation/books.html#oglsl

  7. Well I'll be damned... by YodaToo · · Score: 1

    ...all this time and I thought he was dead.

    1. Re:Well I'll be damned... by RealityMogul · · Score: 1

      Phew, I'm glad I'm not the only one.

  8. Re:FP! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Haha, me 2 !!!!111one

  9. sqrt(-1) by phyruxus · · Score: 5, Funny
    ith post!

    note to mods (and people scratching their heads): this is funny (or trying to be) because the mandelbrot set is generated by a function over the complex plane, which has one axis of real numbers, and one axis of the "imaginary" numbers, multiples of i=sqrt(-1).

    --
    "A witty saying proves nothing." ~Voltaire
    "d'Oh!" ~Homer
    1. Re:sqrt(-1) by MustardMan · · Score: 4, Insightful

      You know it really says something about the slashdot moderation system that you had to explain this joke, in fear that mods-on-crack without a clue would mod you down as offtopic or some other such nonsense. I have mod points right now, but decided to comment on the abysmal state of the mod system instead.

    2. Re:sqrt(-1) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      Yeah, a few years ago on slashdot you would post some coordinates and a zoom factor with no other explanation, and people would mod you up because that section of the Mandelbrot set would spell "FP".

    3. Re:sqrt(-1) by sfjoe · · Score: 1



      A basic axiom of a joke is that, if you have to explain it, it's not.

      --
      It's simple: I demand prosecution for torture.
    4. Re:sqrt(-1) by phyruxus · · Score: 2, Funny
      >>A basic axiom of a joke is that, if you have to explain it, it's not.

      Why is that funny?

      *ducks*

      --
      "A witty saying proves nothing." ~Voltaire
      "d'Oh!" ~Homer
    5. Re:sqrt(-1) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think you're just imagining things...

    6. Re:sqrt(-1) by Thuktun · · Score: 1

      A basic axiom of a joke is that, if you have to explain it, it's not.

      isJoke(joke, class) :- forall( inClass(person, class), isFunnyTo(joke, person) ).

    7. Re:sqrt(-1) by bob_jenkins · · Score: 1

      >>A basic axiom of a joke is that, if you have to explain it, it's not.

      >Why is that funny?

      Scott Adams (of Dilbert) says there are six dimensions of humor: bizarre, cute (like babies), naughty (like sex), familiar, cruel, and clever. Something has to have at least two to be funny.

      Giving axioms for jokes is slightly bizarre. The "is, is not" is slightly clever. And there's a familiar truth, if you have to explain your jokes then you've already lost. So it qualifies as at least slightly funny.

    8. Re:sqrt(-1) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Are you working for TBS or something?

    9. Re:sqrt(-1) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Somebody mod this +i Funny!

    10. Re:sqrt(-1) by aug24 · · Score: 1

      I have mod points too, and I was tempted to mode you off-topic but decided to be a karma-whore instead ;-)

      J.

      --
      You're only jealous cos the little penguins are talking to me.
  10. Julia by Ann+Coulter · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Gaston Julia, from circa 1920, investigated fractals before Mandelbrot. His work is the basis of Mandelbrot sets as the points in the Mandelbrot set are exactly those parameters for the corresponding Julia sets that are connected. If anyone should attribute fractals to any one man, Julia is more pronounced than Mandelbrot. Granted, Mandelbrot popularized fractals but the analysis stems from Julia's work.

    1. Re:Julia by jdcook · · Score: 4, Informative

      And if you RTFA you'd see: "The Mandelbrot set is the modern development of a theory developed independently in 1918 by Gaston Julia and Pierre Fatou. Julia wrote an enormous book - several hundred pages long - and was very hostile to his rival Fatou. That killed the subject for 60 years because nobody had a clue how to go beyond them. My uncle didn't know either, but he said it was the most beautiful problem imaginable and that it was a shame to neglect it. He insisted that it was important to learn Julia's work and he pushed me hard to understand how equations behave when you iterate them rather than solve them. At first, I couldn't find anything to say. But later, I decided a computer could take over where Julia had stopped 60 years previously."

      --
      Q:How many libertarians does it take to stop a Panzer division? A:None. Obviously market forces will take care of it.
    2. Re:Julia by bikerminstrel · · Score: 1

      Read the interview. Mandelbrot says that Julia's work was one his main inspirations.

    3. Re:Julia by Koyaanisqatsi · · Score: 2, Informative

      Mandelbrot gives Gaston Julia proper attribution in TFA. But it took this extraordinary man to bring new life to this field.

    4. Re:Julia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Alright, I'll respect the 5 digit UI (even if mine is only about 6000 higher), but I'm fucking drunk off my ass and your .sig is still stupid. Lightbulb jokes are generally pretty funny, but you need a punchline there, something less obvious than "libertarians like the free market." Think about it, and get back to us in a month or so.

  11. Re:Is he any relation to by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    are you retarded?

    you ask if benoit mandelbrot ~ chris benoit, then you retort with a surname that's possibly s forename. first, what has this got to do with the original question? second, since when are people likely related when they have the same forname but completely different surnames?

    you are a fucking moron.

  12. Brings back a few good memories.... by AndyBassTbn · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Wow, I fondly remember the days when I, as a wide-eyed six year old, typed in a Mandlebrot-graphics generation program from Compute! magazine into my Commodore 64.

    My friends didn't get it. But I loved it. It made a great backdrop to leave on the screen while I did other, more "normal" kid things. (Legos, drawing, etc.)

    Now that I appreciate the mathematics behind it, I must give my respect to the man. Thanks for the childhood brain food, Mandlebrot, even if I didn't get it at the time.

    --
    I hope the land around you yields, a crop like all the other fields, and then your waiting might make sense...
  13. Seeing it by wombatmobile · · Score: 4, Interesting

    New Scientist: How did you feel when you discovered it?

    Mandelbrot: Its astounding complication was completely out of proportion with what I was expecting. Here is the curious thing: the first night I saw the set, it was just wild. The second night, I became used to it. After a few nights, I became familiar with it.

    I wonder what he means by "saw" it.

    What graphics computers were popular in the 1940's?

    1. Re:Seeing it by zunis · · Score: 5, Informative

      The first version of the Mandlebrot set was printed on a flat bed plotter in the 60's, if I remember my history correctly.

    2. Re:Seeing it by HarveyBirdman · · Score: 2, Informative
      It was a paper printout. The tiny satellite Mandelbrot sets showed up as little dots, and were initially dismissed as dirt from an unclean printhead. This was in the 1970's, actually.

      The printouts are reproduced in a book, but I don't recall which one. Might be in Mandelbrot's own book.

      I *think* this might be one: http://coco.ccu.uniovi.es/geofractal/capitulos/01/ imagenes/MandelbrotOriginal.gif

      --
      --- Ban humanity.
    3. Re:Seeing it by SMQ · · Score: 2, Informative

      Printed out on a teletype terminal at 132x66 if I remember correctly from the SciAm article.

      --
      SMQ 90AE4B2BC4F6BEAF7340F0B40BA2DEF7340F6BC2D0392
    4. Re:Seeing it by Beautyon · · Score: 2, Interesting

      but I don't recall which one

      It was in:

      "The Beauty of Fractals", H. O. Peitgen P. H. Richter, Springer -Verlag Berlin, page 152

      the diagram says 1980.

      --
      ATH0 Bitcoin: 1DnwFLXczVZV8kLJbMYoheUrpqHesjxrSi
    5. Re:Seeing it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Simply the set itself, i.e. the "black part" of modern renditions.

      The attractive patterns you mostly see today have many colors to identify how quickly (after how many iterations) something can be identified as not belonging to the set.

    6. Re:Seeing it by CausticPuppy · · Score: 2, Interesting

      There's an image of the actual first printout in James Gleick's book [i]Chaos: Making a New Science.[/i]

      It didn't have the neato color shading, it basically looked like the cardiod shaped main blob with a bunch of "noise" around the perimeter.
      He later figured out that the black dots were actually connected-- the entire set is connected.

      --
      -CausticPuppy "Of all the people I know, you're certainly one of them." -Somebody I don't know
    7. Re:Seeing it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Dammit. I think slashdot should just suck it up and parse BB-code.

      -CP

    8. Re:Seeing it by vandan · · Score: 1
      I wonder what he means by "saw" it.

      I wondered the same thing. He did say that he could turn any mathematical concept in his mind into geometry, so it's possible that he actually imagined it.

      Personally, I see it ( or relatives of 'it' ) quite often when I take psychadelics. I wonder if Mandelbrot has had any acid? It would certainly open him up to another aspect of his work :)
    9. Re:Seeing it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ah, the 60's. Suddenly, the creation of fractals all make sense. /Did he say plotter or blotter?

    10. Re:Seeing it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      He later figured out that the black dots were actually connected-- the entire set is connected.

      Actually, he just hypothesized it, but Hubbard and Douady actually proved it. Not that that won't stop Mandelbrot from taking credit for it.

    11. Re:Seeing it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well, Mandelbrot figured it out as soon as Hubbard and Douady explained it to him. That's almost as good, isn't it?

  14. On The Complexity of Chaotic Systems by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I sincerely hope that his interview reads easier than his books!

  15. A simple equation... by badfrog · · Score: 4, Interesting
    It is so simple that most children can program their home computers to produce the Mandelbrot set.
    That's exactly what I did when I was about 12, on my Tandy Color Computer 3. Took about 24 hours to make one ~320x190 screen.
    1. Re:A simple equation... by kzinti · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I did the same with my CoCo - I was about 19 at the time. Hating waiting on its slow BASIC interpreter. Fortunately, I knew its assembly language and even had the Macro-assembler cartridge. I thought about how to program it it assembler, but didn't want to attempt writing floating point routines, or trying to call the floating poing routines in the ROM. Eventually, I realized that you could calculate a Mandelbrot set using fixed-point math. The 6809's MUL instruction made it a snap - you just shift the decimal... er, binary point. I eventually was able to generate a Mandelbrot set in just a few minutes.

    2. Re:A simple equation... by Control+Group · · Score: 1
      The term you're looking for is "radix point."

      HTH

      HAND

      ;)

      --

      Reality has a conservative bias: it conserves mass, energy, momentum...
    3. Re:A simple equation... by stinkyfingers · · Score: 1

      I did it on an XT with a Hercules CGA card on an amber screen using Turbo Pascal when I was 14. After it got through 60% of the screen after waiting for 6 hours, the program crashed. Know what I learned?

      When it takes 6 hours for a memory problem to replicate itself, you get a lot more careful about fixing the problem.

    4. Re:A simple equation... by felonius+maximus · · Score: 1
      I never did this myself, although my dad did (probably when I was about 10 y.o.). He tied up our Amstrad C6128 home computer for about 10 hours at a stretch to achieve similar results.

      I wish I could say it was something more than a pretty picture to me at the time.

      I now appreciate the beauty of these forms and their importance in the structure and the Way of things, though the mathematics is still beyond my reach.

  16. Re:Is he any relation to by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Please, don't feed the trolls.

  17. Re:Is he any relation to by stratjakt · · Score: 1

    How about Preperation H topical Benoit-ment?

    --
    I don't need no instructions to know how to rock!!!!
  18. BRILLIANT by scribblej · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Q:Fractals seem to appear all over nature and in economics. Even the internet is fractal. What does that say about the underlying nature of these phenomena?

    A:Well, it depends on the field. Circles and straight lines also appear everywhere. Does this mean that all those phenomena have something in common? Of course not. The roughly circular trajectory of a planet around the sun is due to gravitational interactions. Berries are round because a sphere has a smaller skin. The beauty of geometry is that it is a language of extraordinary subtlety that serves many purposes.

    Q:So fractals don't point to a single rule underlying reality?

    A:There is no single rule that governs the use of geometry. I don't think that one exists.

    ----

    If I believed in a God, I'd say God bless Mr Mandelbrot. As it is, I'll just say, "Damn skippy."

    I suppose it's not right that i'm more irritated about the new-age whackos who think fractals really *MEAN* something than the guy who invented the Mandelbrot set is.

    (Invented? Discovered? Well, whatever, you know what I mean.)

    Now I've got a nice little quote of The Man Himself telling them all they're f-ing idiots.

    I LOVE THIS MAN!

    1. Re:BRILLIANT by scribblej · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Stole?

      The Mandelbrot set is *definitely* a direct extension of Gaston Julia's theory and work. The problem is that Julia's work was unfinished.

      So I'm not sure how to refer to Mandelbrot's accomplishment -- is it a discovery? A refinement? An invention? I'm not sure what term is correct.

      But stolen does not seem correct. And I dont' just mean in the tired "intellectual property is not theft" sense... if he appropriated Julia's intellectual property without permission, I'd go as far as to call that Stealing.

      I don't think he did, though -- even in this very article the subject comes up and he gives full credit to Julia for what Julia did.

    2. Re:BRILLIANT by Zeriel · · Score: 5, Funny

      Yep, you're still the stupidest motherfucker on Slashdot.

      Honest-to-fucking god, where the fuck do you think new math comes from? If you answered anything but "building atop old math", well...I'd ask you to shoot yourself, but you'd find some way to fuck it up, given your room-temperature IQ.

      --
      "America has done some terrible things. But I know that Americans don't cheer when innocents die." -Dave Barry
    3. Re:BRILLIANT by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      While you are entirely correct, you have fed a troll. When you feed them they get bigger and bigger and eventually every bridge will be inhabited by a troll and we won't be able to travel anywhere unless we're a gruff billy goat.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    4. Re:BRILLIANT by EMiniShark · · Score: 1

      well, whatever his work is, he must think its gold... my girlfriend, an extremely bright mathmatics student, was completely put off by mandelbrot. she heard him talk this summer, and said that he was the most self absorbed person she had ever met. he answered all questions with disdain, and generally gave the impression that what he had done was The Most Important Thing Ever. i don't care if you are isaac newton, there is just no excuse for that kind of attitude...

    5. Re:BRILLIANT by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But what if it was Gauss? Would you change your mind then?

    6. Re:BRILLIANT by YetAnotherLogin · · Score: 1

      Room temperature IQ? Be careful, we measure temperature in Kelvin around these parts...

    7. Re:BRILLIANT by elchuppa · · Score: 1

      is that sig sarcastic?

    8. Re:BRILLIANT by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I measure my IQ in degrees K, which makes me the smartest motherfucker on Slashdot.

      And to top things off, I viewed my first Mandlebrot set on an Atari 1200 ~1987, while
      Linus was still in diapers!

    9. Re:BRILLIANT by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What the fuck are you talking about? Not only are you overly insultive, but you are also an absolute moron (adopting your tone here), since you fail to grasp the incredibly basic point of the poster.

      He is wrong, but his point is not nonsensical. Simply wrong.

      You, on the other hand, are merely an embarrassment. To yourself and to the rest of us. And "room-temperature IQ"? Yeah, I used that insult in kindergarten as well.

      Note: I'm not the original poster, nor do I agree with him. But you need to shut your trap.

  19. Everything old is new again! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I like the work the guy has done in the past, but I sometimes I'm dismayed by a little too much self-promotion by academics these days. Recall in his open letter in Wired:

    Wired article

    Here he mentions the need to conduct fundamental research, which I applaud, but he fails to mention that many, many people are already doing this, and has come across as championing an idea which has already been pursued for decades. If there's one thing I know about life, it's that people with money will almost always do their best to make more of it, and that includes learning how to use the market via financial research. Most mathematically inclined graduate students in Mandelbrot's own university, Yale, go on to financial research.

    It reminds me a little of another widely regarded expert, David Gelernter, who has published lots of grandoise nonsense which are devoured readily by people who don't stop to think about what is actually said. For example, in his article about the future ("The Second Coming: A Manifesto"), he says at one point:

    "Everything is up for grabs. Everything will change. There is a magnificent sweep of intellectual landscape right in front of us."

    Well, that's nice. What's it mean? Perhaps I shouldn't fault the researchers, since getting your name out there seems to be the only way to attract lots of research funds, but every once in a while, it'd be nice to see someone slightly in touch with reality talk about what they want to do and why.

    1. Re:Everything old is new again! by azmodean · · Score: 1

      You say many people are in the area of financial reasearch Mandelbrot is advocating, but are they in academic research, or in commercial research where their discoveries are not shared, as Mandelbrot suggests? from article: There is a problem that is specific to financial markets. In most fields of research, when someone makes an important finding, they publish it. In the case of prices, they set up a firm and sell advice about their discovery. If they can make money from it, they will. So the research into market dynamics is a closed field. What he is saying is that there is a need for more *open* research into fundamental market dynamics.

  20. Negative space? by TrentL · · Score: 2, Interesting

    In the article, Mandelbrot says it's simple to understand how some spaces can be more empty than others, once it is explained. Can someone explain it?

    1. Re:Negative space? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Rule #1: All spaces are created empty ... but some are more empty than others

    2. Re:Negative space? by TCM · · Score: 5, Insightful

      ^H^H

      --
      Of course it runs NetBSD. BTC: 1NT7QvbetmANwaMzhpVL6
    3. Re:Negative space? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just a wild guess, but maybe it is analogous to the various cardinalities of infinity. (e.g. The real numbers are "more infinite" than integers.)

    4. Re:Negative space? by 12357bd · · Score: 1

      It is negative dimensions, I have not read about it, but if it's related to fractals, it could be the complementary concept: If fraccional dimensions (d) can be said to be elements that try to 'fill' a d+1 dimensional space (ie, d=1.314 = a line (d=1) filling a plane (d=2)), it can be viewed backwards, and say that this d+1 space is emptied up to d extension (ie, in the previous example the plane (d=2) is emptied by a 0.686 negative dimension)

      Anyway, take it as a comment, negative dimensions could be any other concept.

      --
      What's in a sig?
  21. It was an interesting article by TiggertheMad · · Score: 1, Funny

    Did anyone else feel disapointed that every third leter wasn't missing?

    Bwhahahhahahhaha....*sob*...no, it was funny, trust me...

    --

    HA! I just wasted some of your bandwidth with a frivolous sig!
    1. Re:It was an interesting article by Boronx · · Score: 2, Informative

      Comeon mods, it's the Cantor set, it's self similar, get it?

    2. Re:It was an interesting article by shobadobs · · Score: 1

      But it's not the Cantor set. Missing every third letter has nothing to do with the Cantor Set's shape.

  22. micro-mandelbrot by jeffmock · · Score: 3, Funny

    The interview reminds me of an old joke that a "mandelbrot" would become a standard unit for measuring ego. Like Farad, one Mandelbrot would be a very large amount of ego, in common usage you would typically see pico- and micro-mandelbrots.

    jeff

    1. Re:micro-mandelbrot by snarkh · · Score: 2, Funny



      I have to say he has some very stiff competition in scientific circles.

    2. Re:micro-mandelbrot by Rufus88 · · Score: 1

      How many Mandelbrots are there in an Ellison?

    3. Re:micro-mandelbrot by Pseudonym · · Score: 2, Funny

      So a mandelbrot would be about one deci-edison on the old measure, then?

      --
      sub f{($f)=@_;print"$f(q{$f});";}f(q{sub f{($f)=@_;print"$f(q{$f});";}f});
    4. Re:micro-mandelbrot by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Would you say 1 Mandelbrot ~= 2 Asimov ?

    5. Re:micro-mandelbrot by drinkypoo · · Score: 1
      For instance, the inventor of viagra.

      Ancient and unattributed quote: I'd like to meet the man who invented sex and find out what he's working on now.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    6. Re:micro-mandelbrot by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      and here i thought you meant harlan...

  23. Thanks, Mandelbrot! by drewzhrodague · · Score: 1

    As someone mentioned above, and I second: Thanks for the brainfood, Mandelbrot!

    For years, I have been using Fractint, and generating fractals on my PC, usually for print. I prefer it's zebra pattern, and it's appeal when printed very large -- especially when you can take a magnifying glass to the resulting printed image for more fractal fun!

    --
    Zhrodague.net - I do projects and stuff too.
    1. Re:Thanks, Mandelbrot! by drewzhrodague · · Score: 1

      Ah, thanks for the link. I've always loved Fractint, and the creative ways the developers put together lots of math to draw pretty pictures. Also note, that their development version supports individual images above 2048x2048 pixels -- great for printing large-format.

      --
      Zhrodague.net - I do projects and stuff too.
  24. Unfortunately the science was riuned by patents by argoff · · Score: 1

    If I renember, there were sone very innovative things done with fractal immage compression, but it sorta dead-ended because of patent issues. see here

    1. Re:Unfortunately the science was riuned by patents by bobscealy · · Score: 1

      I am actually doing my PhD with one of the guys who started Iterated Systems, which was the company that did the fractal image compression used in the first of the Encarta cds. One of the really big problems with fractal image compression is the encoding is very difficult, especially compared to doing something like JPEG. If you are interested in the mathematics behind the concept, do a search for the Collage theorem, by Michael Barnsley.

    2. Re:Unfortunately the science was riuned by patents by argoff · · Score: 1

      actually one of the coolest things about the algorithim I liked wasn't the compression feature, but the ability to expand or increase the size of processed immages without the appearence of pixilisation (spelling?) If I renember, it took forever to compress, but it expanded very quick.

  25. Mandelbrot's conjecture by wombatmobile · · Score: 1

    New Scientist: What's the mystery?

    Mandelbrot: It relates to a rather subtle mathematical property. In simple terms, there are two ways to define the Mandelbrot set. It is rather like proving that 3+1 and 2+2 give the same result. I have always thought that the two definitions were equivalent. But one is easy to study whereas the other is extremely difficult. So far, the proof has defeated many people. The fact that my conjecture is so simple to state, yet baffles everybody, makes it attractive to mathematicians. The conjecture is the mathematical face of the Mandelbrot set, and the T-shirts are the popular face.

    .

    Hmm... What are these two ways to define the Mandelbrot set?

    1. Re:Mandelbrot's conjecture by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      From memory - one of them is Z_n+1 = Z_n + C, and whether |Z| >= 4 (or more commonly, 100, but that doesn't really matter).

      In other words, a point C of the complex plain is a member of the Mandelbrot set if (or if not, I can't remember) Z_ approaches 0, approximated by comparing to some number (4 or 100).

    2. Re:Mandelbrot's conjecture by CausticPuppy · · Score: 2, Informative

      Z_ doesn't have to approach zero to be in the set... it can also settle down to a finite value, or cycle between 2 or more values, or even jump around randomly within a range of values until you hit your iteration maximum.

      All you can safely say is that if the absolute value of Z_ gets above a certain value (4) then it will approach infinity, and that value is NOT in the set.

      --
      -CausticPuppy "Of all the people I know, you're certainly one of them." -Somebody I don't know
    3. Re:Mandelbrot's conjecture by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The other way would be the set of values for which the Julia set is unconnected.

  26. Book by bsd4me · · Score: 4, Informative

    If anyone is interested, a great book on the subject is Peitgen and Richter's The Beauty of Fractals. It presents a good mathematical background, but it also has tons of pictures demonstrating the math.

    --

    (S(SKK)(SKK))(S(SKK)(SKK))

  27. Pronouncing his name by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Ignorant American here, but how would you pronounce his name? Ben-wah Mandelbra? or with a hard 't' at the end? Mandlebrot.

    1. Re:Pronouncing his name by gwjgwj · · Score: 1

      Hart t at the end. In German: Mandel=almond Brot=bread

    2. Re:Pronouncing his name by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Man like can, or ran, you know.

      Del like pull.

      Brot like Tow, or Bro.

      _____

      Ben like Men.

      Noit like not an English word, like nwee, but doesn't quite capture the essence.

    3. Re:Pronouncing his name by Colonel+Cholling · · Score: 1

      Hart t at the end. In German: Mandel=almond Brot=bread

      So you would pronounce his name, were he German. However, Benoit was raised in France, and uses the French pronunciation Mandelbro.

      --

      I am Sartre of the Borg. Existence is futile.
    4. Re:Pronouncing his name by gwjgwj · · Score: 1

      On the other hand, he was born in Poland, and we would definitely read his name with hard 't' in the end.

  28. My mandelbrot code by Diclophis · · Score: 1

    Source Output It is an imagemap, so you can click anywhere to zoom in.

    1. Re:My mandelbrot code by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      It is an imagemap, so you can click anywhere to zoom in.


      Zooming in on a Mandelbrot set... That's very useful.
    2. Re:My mandelbrot code by edittard · · Score: 0

      It is. At some resolutions it looks like snowmen with ferns on, whereas at others it looks like ferns with snowmen on them.

      --
      At the bottom of the /. main page it says 'Yesterday's News'. Well they got that right.
  29. The interview is .... Benoiting! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    After all, given the highly chaotic nature of such unpredictable and random subject, who will be able tell what this subject is about, especially where there is a high amount of entropy in the interview? Anyone tries to read it can result in total fractmentalization. Watch dice rolls is a lot less unpredictable, and less risky by comparision.

  30. i met him in person by circletimessquare · · Score: 0, Redundant

    i got into yale university based on my success in the connecticut science fair for my assembly language project (on the trs-80 color computer! lol) exploring variations on fractals and john conway's game of life

    you can imagine my awe when wandering the math building as a 17 year old freshman, i met benoit mandelbrot himself (he was faculty there, and i believe he still is)

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
  31. Dear Mandelbrot by bludstone · · Score: 3, Funny

    I spent a significant amount of time in highschool playing with a mandelbrot program and color cycling. In this time, I fell into a trance, and lost a good 4 hours of my life.

    When do you plan on giving me these hours of my life back?

    *hypnotised by color cycling mandelbrot sets*

    *drooool*

    --

    no .sig
    1. Re:Dear Mandelbrot by pjt33 · · Score: 1

      Four hours? Pah. I spent far longer than that optimising a Mandelbrot/Julia set applet for the 5k contest.

  32. Re:i had no idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If you think this guy is one cool dude... nevermind, you belong here

  33. Mandelbrot's ideas... by jd · · Score: 5, Informative
    Some of Mandelbrot's work borrowed off the research of others, but failed to give proper credit. Well, that happens a lot in science, unfortunately.


    The most interesting part of Mandelbrot's work revolved around the Hausdorff Dimension, which was a way to describe geometry using a real number as opposed to the integers of Euclidian geometry.


    I admit I never understood all of the (somewhat convoluted) description Mandelbrot gave in "Fractal Geometry of Nature", but it seemed to boil down to the idea that you could get rid of infinities and zeros if you allowed fractions of a dimension.


    ie: A coastline has an infinite length, if you measure it in just one dimension, and zero area if you measure it in two, but a finite value that you can usefully compare to other objects if you use a dimension between 1 and 2.


    IIRC, the Hausdorff Dimension is calculated by measuring the object at different scales. You then took the ratio of the change in scale and the change in measured length. As you went to finer and finer scales, this ratio tends to a limit, which is always equal to or greater than the Euclidian dimension and always strictly less than the Euclidian dimension plus 1.


    Where the Hausdorff Dimension is a value strictly greater than the Euclidian dimension, the object is considered a fractal. Fractals are never "random", they are always self-similar. That appears to be a universal law, though I've yet to see a clear explanation as to why.


    Another interesting characteristic is that self-similarity does not occur at random intervals. The ratio between the intervals is always an integer multiple of the Feigenbaum Number.


    The Feigenbaum Number is itself interesting. It was first observed by Michael Feigenbaum, when he examined chaotic systems that were in an oscillating state. (Chaotic systems, when given insufficient initial conditions to become chaotic will oscillate.) As you increase the inputs, the oscillations exactly double. They don't change smoothly.


    The ratio of the change in inputs necessary to double the oscillations is the same between all doublings and between all chaotic systems. This ratio is the Feigenbaum Number. Many properties of chaos and fractals are tightly bound to this value.


    The Feigenbaum Number is considered evidence that chaos is not so much a property of the system, but rather that chaos and fractals are the more universal/abstract and the systems are merely products.

    --
    It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
    1. Re:Mandelbrot's ideas... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The idea behind the Mandelbrot set has little to do with anything particularly complicated or abstract, such as a potentially infinite coastline.

      It is rather purely mathematical - the set of points in the complex plane where the infinite sequence of squares and sums (Z_n+1 = Z_n^2 + C) of the point approaches zero.

    2. Re:Mandelbrot's ideas... by jd · · Score: 1
      This is true, but the Mandelbrot set cannot be defined (in any finite way) using an integer number of parameters. The Mandelbrot set is also a very small part of the work that Benoit Mandelbrot did, fascinating though it is.


      (The most fascinating way to explore the Mandelbrot set is to take a single point in the set and plot how the values change. Some escape to infinity, others seem to be "pulled" towards one or more regions which they then orbit.


      These regions are described by Chaos mathematicians as "Strange Attractors". In many ways, they act in mathematics in much the same way as a gravity well does in physics, or as a charged particle does in quantum mechanics.


      Actually, the quantum mechanics description is far closer to the mathematics of strange attractors. In quantum physics, only certain states are valid. Electrons cannot have just any state, when in an atom. Only certain states are possible. The jump between states is known as a quantum leap.


      Strange attractors obey this same principle. Only certain states will lead to a mathematical particle orbiting a Strange attractor. There is no continuum of such states. Anything that falls outside of those specific states will not be trapped.


      Certain types of chemical bond will result in an electron being "shared" by atoms. Again, you see the same in chaotic systems such as the Mandelbrot set. You will see the calculations "bouncing" between two (or more) Strange attractors. The Lorenz "owl mask" that appears on so many books on Chaos is the graphical representation of this kind of behaviour.


      The biggest difference between the mathematics of Strange attractors and atoms is that the path followed by a mathematical system doesn't have to be cyclic. Indeed, the Lorenz system never repeats. Although no continuum of orbits exists around either attractor, there still exist an infinite number of (non-deterministically spaced) paths.

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
    3. Re:Mandelbrot's ideas... by iabervon · · Score: 2, Interesting

      In the interview, he says that a lot of interesting mathematics is stuff that's been done by people already, but where the original discoverer didn't go far enough or didn't publish everything. He advocates looking at things that were worked on 150 years ago and then dropped.

      Fractals are generally random. They show self-similarity, but the way in which they are not identical but similar is often unpredictable. (E.g., in a period of noise, there will be periods of signal with a certain distribution, but the particular points at which the periods occur and which samples from the distribution appear in a particular trial are unpredictable)

      The Feigenbaum number is a bit like the normal distribution, in that is something about how statistics behave in the aggregate rather than depending on the system. The sum of a bunch of independant random variables from the same distribution converges to having a normal distribution as the number of variables goes to infinity, regardless of the original distribution. Similarly, a system with a single state variable and an output linearly proportional to a parameter will show period doublings and regions of chaos in a way governed by the Feigenbaum number. Of course, you've idealized the system to a constrained mathematical model before it behaves that way; it's a property of mathematical models, not a property of all systems.

    4. Re:Mandelbrot's ideas... by jd · · Score: 1
      The Feigenbaum number is a bit like the normal distribution, in that is something about how statistics behave in the aggregate rather than depending on the system.


      ObTrivia: Because populations, behaviour, social systems, etc, are chaotic, the Feigenbaum Number would be a logical first-step to Isaac Asimov's "Psychohistory", and indeed the last couple of Foundation novels migrated towards Psychohistory being a branch of chaos theory.

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
    5. Re:Mandelbrot's ideas... by div_B · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The Feigenbaum Number is itself interesting. It was first observed by Michael Feigenbaum, when he examined chaotic systems that were in an oscillating state. (Chaotic systems, when given insufficient initial conditions to become chaotic will oscillate.) As you increase the inputs, the oscillations exactly double. They don't change smoothly.

      The dude's name was actually Mitchell Feigenbaum. He was working at LANL at the time. A good read if anyone is interested in the (convoluted) chronology of chaos theory and non-linear dynamics is Chaos: Making a New Science by James Gleick. It gives a feel for how the seperate contributions of people like Lorenz, Julia, Feigenbaum, Mandelbrot, Serpiensky, etc, came together, and the battle Chaos theory fought to be recognized as a legitimate field of mathematics in the 20th century.

    6. Re:Mandelbrot's ideas... by ezzzD55J · · Score: 1
      (The most fascinating way to explore the Mandelbrot set is to take a single point in the set and plot how the values change. Some escape to infinity, others seem to be "pulled" towards one or more regions which they then orbit.

      They're julias aren't they?

    7. Re:Mandelbrot's ideas... by DarkSarin · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      There is, unbeknownst to most people, a branch of psychology called mathematical psychology. I've never studied--I am focusing more on statistics and behavior (specifically motivation of behavior, which is something a strict behaviorist, such as BF Skinner, would have boohooed greatly, but is a very important part of psychology).

      This area includes game theory, psychophysics, Neural Networks, and more. I think that this is the most likely area in which such a fusion of chaos theory and psychology could easily be melded. Behavioral psychology is ultimately concerned with the prediction of behavior based on what is known about the individual. Behavioral psychohistory would be concerned with the behavior of the society, based on what is known. The more that is known, the more accurate the model. Chaos theory should go a long way in helping with this.

      (Just as an aside, there isn't much difference between group psychology and sociology--Asimov's psychohistory, as he described, was more of a branc of sociology than psychology, especially as known at the time he wrote those books).

      --
      "We don't know what we are doing, but we are doing it very carefully,..." Wherry, R.J. Personnel Psychology (1995)
    8. Re:Mandelbrot's ideas... by jd · · Score: 1
      A "Julia Set" is not much different from a Mandelbrot set, in that they are (in essence) 3D plots (x, y, number of iterations).


      The difference is that Mandelbrot sets have a fixed start value and a constant that varies across the (x, y) domain. A Julia set has a starting point that varies across the (x, y) domain and has the same constant for all points.


      The plot I'm interested in is when you take a single starting value and a single constant, and then plot each value of each itteration of the Z'=Z^2+C function.

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
    9. Re:Mandelbrot's ideas... by Rares+Marian · · Score: 1

      Actually, the Mandelbrot set is a catalog of Julia sets by varying the Z.
      Now all you need is to define a coastline in a julia set and you can have a catalog of those too.

      --
      The message on the other side of this sig is false.
    10. Re:Mandelbrot's ideas... by Edie+O'Teditor · · Score: 0
      a lot of interesting mathematics is stuff that's been done by people already, but where the original discoverer didn't go far enough or didn't publish everything.
      ...or didn't have a notebook with big enough margins.
      --
      If X is the new Y, and Y is "X is the new Y", solve for X.
  34. Sorry, my bad by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

    The original name should have been David Benoit.

    Hope that clears things up for you.

  35. state of the mod system by wombatmobile · · Score: 1

    .

    I have mod points right now, but decided to comment on the abysmal state of the mod system instead.

    That's not necessarily "abysmalness". The mod system is simply an implementation of a rules based system that gains participation from unpaid participants to create community.

    The results of this system?

    Democracy, feedback, self-articulation

    ... there are many nouns that can be applied to the results. Abysmalness is yours.

    What changes would you make to the mod system?

    What would be the results?

    1. Re:state of the mod system by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0


      What changes would you make to the mod system?


      Take away their crack?

    2. Re:state of the mod system by Skye16 · · Score: 2, Funny

      God damn, this is turning into an accursed homework assignment entirely too quickly for my liking. What's next, compare and contrast?

  36. Mandelbrot in Postscript by 3770 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I had a friend at the University that made a postscript program that would print a mandelbrot set.

    He sent the file to be printed to the laser printer in the mac lab (the original apple laser writer).

    And then nothing.

    And then nothing.

    13 hours later it printed a mandelbrot picture at the very highest resolution.

    Pretty cool.

    --
    The Internet is full. Go Away!!!
    1. Re:Mandelbrot in Postscript by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      Made sense, back then most of your computers were 16 bit (at least, desktop computers) and most of your printers were 32 bit, because otherwise they could never manage to bring postscript off at an acceptable speed while generating 300dpi bitmaps :P

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  37. i did the same fricking thing! by circletimessquare · · Score: 2, Interesting

    i won 1st prize in the connecticut science fair computer division based on my work doing that and john conway's game of life in assembly language on the trs-80 color computer!

    based on that success, i was accepted into yale university

    where i met benoit mandelbrot in person... he was on the faculty and still is i believe... 17 year old awe...

    this is all for real!

    dude, memories of plugging in the assembler cartridge... i had one of those 4 cartridge switchers, so i could also run lode runner and the speech synthesizer LOL

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
    1. Re:i did the same fricking thing! by kzinti · · Score: 1

      Too cool, dude.

      Yeah, I did a Life program too, in assembly. Also wrote an assembly version of a one-dimensional cellular automaton. I remember optimizing the heck out of the screen-scrolling routine, which was the limiting factor on how fast it could run. I eventually hit upon the idea of turning off hardware interrupts, then using the stack pointers, together with a software interrupt, to move bigger chunks of memory in fewer instructions - because the interrupt-servicing instructions could load or save multiple registers in one instruction. Something like that - wish I could remember the details.

      Yeah, I loved the MASM cartridge. It was the only one I ever bought. Someone told me how to dump its contents to a disk file, so I could load it off of floppy. Otherwise, you couldn't use the cartridge and the floppy at the same time, because the floppy drive plugged into the cartridge slot.

      Yeah, those were the days. (But how my GPA would have improved if I hadn't cut so many classes to hack code!)

  38. Slow by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

    Fractal compression is a very intersting technique. However, it's highly assymetric: compression requires an incredible amount of computation while decompression is pretty fast
    It's truely a brilliant and elegant technique to compress image. Unfortunately, the results obtained are more or less the same as other compression techniques: DCT (jpeg) or wavelets (jpeg 2000)
    It seems the limit has been reached for image compression: since jpeg, there were co real significant improvements on compression/quality ratio.

  39. femto-mandelbrots ? by gkwok · · Score: 1

    So, if you looked inside a pico-mandelbrot, would you see more pico-mandelbrots, or femto-mandelbrots? Or would they all look the same?

    1. Re:femto-mandelbrots ? by Boronx · · Score: 2, Funny
      A friend and I used the unit of "Bobcat", as in Bobcat Goldwaith, to measure bad acting.

      Costner = Bobcat * $1,000,000 to sign for a movie.

      Which is really not normalized very well since Costner measures several dozen Costners himself.

  40. A math legend? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    He really just likes making pretty pictures.

  41. Fractint Link by SeanDuggan · · Score: 1
    Incidentally, the Fractint software is available here and is entirely free including source code. Both beer and speech freedom.

    ^_^ That program was a massive source of entertainment to me as a child.

    --
    This sig has absolutely no significance and serves only to take up screen space and waste the time of the reader.
    1. Re:Fractint Link by bludstone · · Score: 1

      I lost so many hours of my life looking at the pretty colors that program generated :O

      --

      no .sig
    2. Re:Fractint Link by LiquidCoooled · · Score: 1

      Fractint was the first piece of true open source software that I ever saw and investigated.

      I remember reading the indepth tale about how the Stone Soup group formed, how all the residents of the village came together and brought the little scraps of food they had, and made a soup that was definately better than any individual piece.

      The software itself was a magnificent gem with more knobs and whistles than even Microsoft would dare to put into a program.

      Nervously opening the source files however revealed something far far worse....

      Its a spagetti jungle!

      I was shocked for sure, It forced me to change the way I code, and to this day, whenever I see poor source code, I am reminded of Fractint.

      --
      liqbase :: faster than paper
  42. Re:Is he any relation to by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Insightful

    (Another AC)
    Christ, why all the down-mods? Am I the only one who found this thread funny?

  43. Fractal compression vs. JPEG. by Christopher+Thomas · · Score: 4, Informative

    I guess no one ever learned how to make a fractal equation that looked like a given image on the fly.

    I may be mistaken, but I think somebody did, and called it JPEG.

    JPEG and fractal compression are completely different, I'm afraid.

    JPEG transforms blocks of the image from the spatial domain to the frequency domain, and keeps only the strongest spatial frequencies. To look at it another way, it tries to express each block as the sum of various functions that look like bands or ripple patterns.

    Fractal compression tries to find similarities between different parts of the image, and to express the image as a bunch of these similarity relations (affine transforms, or different types of mapping).

    There's more detail for each type of algorithm, but that's the basic approach for each. Some versions of fractal compression to a frequency transform of blocks during the compression stage, but that's just to make it easier to compare blocks to each other when sifting possibilities, as opposed to part of the mechanism of compression itself.

    1. Re:Fractal compression vs. JPEG. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      More specifically, JPEGs are based on DCTs (Discrete Cosine Transforms), i.e. coefficients of various frequencies of cosine functions.

      FFTs are similar (Fast Fourier Transforms, often used for audio processing - breaking up waveforms into sums of sines).

    2. Re:Fractal compression vs. JPEG. by Christopher+Thomas · · Score: 1

      More specifically, JPEGs are based on DCTs (Discrete Cosine Transforms), i.e. coefficients of various frequencies of cosine functions.

      The DCT can be thought of as a Fourier transform that makes additional assumptions (input function is real and symmetrical).

    3. Re:Fractal compression vs. JPEG. by Rich0 · · Score: 1

      Reading your description of ripple patterns made me think of good way of visualizing how x-ray crystallography works.

      In crystallography you basically get a measurement of the amplitudes of a bunch of spacial wave functions (3D ripples of existance and non-existance of matter). If you visualize this in 2D, a checkerboard kind of looks like a set of two waves - one which ripples along the vertical axis, and another along the horizontal.

      The problem in crystallography is that you don't have phase information for the waves. For a checkerboard this is no big deal, but if you are trying to describe a complex figure with the sum of hundreds of waves that all cancel each other out just right, then not having them aligned is a big deal.

      The art of crystallography is basically taking a phase-less JPG file, doing a few tricks to get a rough approximation for the phases, which yields a very-low-resolution image, and then drawing over the low-res image as best you can and using the tentatively-decoded image to better-estimate the phases in the real data. As you can imagine, there is a lot of potential for bias.

      I figured that anybody interested in wavelets and discreet cosine transforms of 2D images might have some curiousity about real physical experiments that end up generating fourier transforms of 3D images.

      (Real quick - the reason that crystallography generates wave amplitudes (reciprocal space) rather than a real image (real space) is that the measurement passes photons through a substance, which tend to bouce off of it. When they bounce you get interference if photons tend to bounce off the substance at depths that are multiples of the wavelength. So, you essentially are measuring the extent to which a substance has a pattern of mass concentrated at equally spaced intervals of various multiples of the wavelength of the X-ray beam. Of course, a pattern of something concentrated at an interval is a wave - so you're looking at matter as a sum of mass-waves in 3D space. Each wave frequency leads to a different interference pattern peak. So, if you look at the interference pattern bounced off the substance each spot corresponds to a different wave component, and the intensity of that spot corresponds to the amplitude. The detector can't pick up phase, so that is lost.)

  44. Re:Is he any relation to by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    are the names pronounced the same? ben-wah?

  45. negative dimensions, not negative space by phyruxus · · Score: 2, Insightful
    You asked about negative space... in art, that's the area which isn't filled by the subject. Some of Escher's works use interlocking positive and negative space that fills the whole area. In TFA though, Mandelbrot mentioned negative dimensions... and I don't know what those are; but since I'm blabbering away already, I'll take a stab at it from what he said in TFA.

    <my guess>
    Space has dimensionality; a plane has 2 dimensions, a cube exists in 3, hypercube 4... the numbers here are positive. Mandelbrot said he was using negative dimensions to measure "emptiness". He mentions that only one set is considered "empty" (I presume the null set). My guess (and I only minored in math so don't go betting on this) is that a negative dimension is to a positive dimension what a negative number is to a positive one. I'm thinking that if an object existed in -2 dimensions, it would be capable of having negative area. If you could add that object to an object with positive area, you'd reduce the second object's area.
    </my guess>

    Here's Mandelbrot's homepage at Yale.

    Here's more links.

    --
    "A witty saying proves nothing." ~Voltaire
    "d'Oh!" ~Homer
  46. Fractal compression vs. wavelet transforms. by Christopher+Thomas · · Score: 3, Informative

    It is called wavelets

    Actually, no.

    Wavelet transforms involve expressing the input data as the sum of wavelet basis functions (much as a Fourier transform uses sine/cosine waves).

    Fractal compression involves looking for self-similar features in the image itself, removing this redundancy by expressing it as a series of affine transformations, or something similar.

    Frequency- and wavelet-transforms can make the search for self-similar structures easier, but they represent fundamentally different approaches (the best you can do to draw an analogy is to consider fractals to be a different type of parameterized basis function that you're doing a transform with).

  47. Fractal Gallery by Vinnie_333 · · Score: 1
    --

    "We shall party like the Greeks of old! You know the ones I mean." - HedonismBot
  48. NOT the inventor of fractals! by Mark_in_Brazil · · Score: 4, Informative

    Mandelbrot is not the inventor of fractals!
    Three people whose work on fractals predated Mandelbrot's by some time, and IMNSHO was infinitely more impressive because it was done without the help of computers, are Felix Hausdorff, inventor of the Hausdorff dimension, Georg Cantor, inventor of the fractal Cantor "middle thirds" Set, and Gaston Julia, who discovered/invented the Julia Set, to which the Mandelbrot Set is closely related.
    Think about how amazing the work of these three mathematicians was, given that they, unlike Mandelbrot, didn't have computers to iterate maps or visualize sets, and yet they were able to characterize these sets, including their fractal nature. I find Julia's accomplishment especially impressive.
    Mandelbrot is better than these three at self-promotion. When he fiddled a bit with the Julia Set and produced a new set from it, he called it the "M Set" in his work, and waited for somebody else to fill in the remaining 9 letters after "M."
    There was a joke among physicists messing around with fractal stuff in the late 1980s that while the most common letter in the English language is "e," the most common letter in Mandelbrot's work was either "I" or "M" (the probable winner, given that "me," "my," "mine," and "Mandelbrot" all begin with "M").
    That said, Mandelbrot's work was interesting, and he did acknowledge Julia's work in his own. After all, the Mandelbrot Set is a map where each point on the complex plane represents a Julia Set, where the points inside the Mandelbrot Set represent connected Julia Sets and the points outside represent disconnected Julia Sets. And Mandelbrot took advantage of the computer technology available to him to plot some of these sets, giving us visual representations of these things. But to give him credit for inventing fractals is unfair to the great mathematicians who worked on fractals long before Mandelbrot.

    --Mark

    --
    "It is nice to know that the computer understands the problem. But I would like to understand it too." --Eugene Wigner
    1. Re:NOT the inventor of fractals! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Mandelbrot _discovered_ fractals he did not invent them.

      It is wrong to say that the concept he promoted was well understood by the people you mentioned. If Mandelbrot had not published his work, we would not have the insight we do now. Would we even call this concept a fractal set? I think not. Mandelbrot's efforts brought together previously scattered ideas and developed an entirely new mathematical domain.

      Simply, Mandelbrot deserves credit for his work especially because he credits the people's work he built on. To discredit him by saying 'he fiddles a bit with the Julia Set and produced a new set from it' is unfair. To further imply what he did was unimpressive because he had computers to 'help' him, makes me want a URL to the journals you've had peer reviewed and published (with the help of your more-advanced computers) that present advances on any mathematicians work on concepts that have almost universal ramifications for any field of mathematics.

      What? You have no work to your name? But your computers are so much better than those Mandelbrot had, and wait .. there's obviously so much more maths out there for you to rip off?..
      Oh thats right, you don't get it.

    2. Re:NOT the inventor of fractals! by Mark_in_Brazil · · Score: 1
      Feeding the (Anonymous Coward) troll...
      Mandelbrot _discovered_ fractals he did not invent them.
      No, he did not discover them either. The work of the other mathematicians I mentioned predated Mandelbrot's work. The concepts of fractals already existed, and the Hausdorff Dimension already existed and had been calculated for some fractal sets.

      Also, I did not "discredit" Mandelbrot. I simply pointed out that he is a shameless self-promoter who tries to claim credit for inventing or discovering things that others had discovered before. If you'd read my whole post, you'd have noticed that after retelling the joke about Mandelbrot's work, which I think does a good job of showing that the general opinion among serious scientists in the 1980s was that Mandelbrot's main talent is for self-promotion, I did point out that he made some contributions of value. I'll even do it again. He was the first to plot the Julia Sets and the "M set" that divides Julia Sets into connected and disconnected sets. Those are interesting and worthwhile contributions.

      I personally don't think that applying the word "fractal" to the work of other mathematicians constitutes anything of great value. That doesn't mean unifying the work of others couldn't be a major contribution. Maxwell started out by comparing the work of other physicists and unifying it, and ended up creating a unified theory of electricity and magnetism.
      Mandelbrot borrowed from the work of others, made some interesting but incremental gains and applied the word "fractal" to the sets. He did not come up with any kind of unifying theory of fractals.

      It's worth noting that many scientists and mathematicians have complained that Mandelbrot was a bit stingy in his citation of previous works. Others have used harsher terms; I'm happy to just leave it as I just put it. Mandelbrot did at least acknowledge that his "M Set" work was based on the Julia Sets.

      I'm not sure why the Anonymous Coward troll can't accept the idea of Mandelbrot not being the great pioneer he claims to be. Maybe it's because the view of Mandelbrot as an overrated self-promoter (once again, that doesn't mean he didn't do something of value, just that he over-promotes what he did) doesn't jibe with what one finds in popular literature books that tend to swallow Mandelbrot's self-promotion hook, line, and sinker and then pass it undigested it to their audience.

      As for my peer-reviewed work, it appears in physics journals and not mathematical journals (one is "both:" a paper in J. Math. Phys.). None of my research has constituted a major breakthrough. But that's not relevant, because unlike Mandelbrot, I haven't claimed to be the creator of the fields in which I have published works. Unlike Mandelbrot, I recognize that my work represents incremental gains for science, starting from the work of others, and not earth-shaking breakthroughs.

      Mandelbrot's contribution was interesting and worthwhile, but nowhere near as impressive as the work of Julia. Julia did more with less. But Mandelbrot claims to have created the field of fractals with his "amazing discoveries," which really are nothing more than incremental gains starting from the work of others like Julia. I want to make it clear that I believe there's nothing at all "wrong" with one's work constituting incremental gains. Most of science advances by incremental gains, and major breakthroughs and scientific "revolutions" tend to be very few and far between. Some of the physicists I most respect didn't do anything revolutionary, but have pushed back the boundaries of knowledge by incremental steps, building on the work of predecessors and colleagues. I do, however, take issue with people like Mandelbrot, who make these kinds of incremental steps and then try to claim credit for all the advances made from the beginning, including the work of predecessors.

      --Mark
      --
      "It is nice to know that the computer understands the problem. But I would like to understand it too." --Eugene Wigner
  49. Mysterious conjecture by gounthar · · Score: 1
    Mandelbrot says at the beginning :
    [The mystery] relates to a rather subtle mathematical property. In simple terms, there are two ways to define the Mandelbrot set. It is rather like proving that 3+1 and 2+2 give the same result. I have always thought that the two definitions were equivalent. But one is easy to study whereas the other is extremely difficult. So far, the proof has defeated many people. The fact that my conjecture is so simple to state, yet baffles everybody, makes it attractive to mathematicians.
    Does anyone know about the conjecture that is "so simple to state"?
    --

    Violence is the last refuge of the incompetent - Salvor Hardin

    1. Re:Mysterious conjecture by jd · · Score: 1

      Yes, but the margin is still too small to contain it.

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
  50. Re:state of the mod system OT by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Ahh yes you have just stated the great benefit of democracy, and also the problems. He makes a point that if the moders were of the intelligence to know what the joke was, we would be fine, but since modders have no clue anymore (or ever?) the system sucks. So True. Educate the public for better democracy... the poor state of our education is something the current administration has used to its benefit over and over again.

  51. ironically enough... by phyruxus · · Score: 1
    I'm lmao at the score of my post right now.

    It started off at 2, +1 funny, -1 overrated. Current score 1. 2+1-1=1? :)
    Must be slashcode's way of dinging me for mentioning the root of a negative number :)

    --
    "A witty saying proves nothing." ~Voltaire
    "d'Oh!" ~Homer
  52. OT by hitchhacker · · Score: 0, Offtopic


    Q:How many libertarians does it take to stop a Panzer division? A:None, obviously market forces will take care of it.

    Libertarians believe in a stong national defence.. not offence. I'm aware a strong offence makes for a stronger defence, but experience shows that we can't trust politicians with deadly force.

    -metric

    1. Re:OT by kin_korn_karn · · Score: 1

      yeah, but good luck taking it away from them.

    2. Re:OT by OoSync · · Score: 1

      So what does stop a Panzer division have to do with offense?

      I mean, stopping your enemy is the friggin' definition of strong national defense.

      --

      I always get the shakes before a drop.
    3. Re:OT by hitchhacker · · Score: 1


      The grandparent poster's sig, I believe, was in response to Libertarians recent stance against the war in Iraq. Which, in my opinion, was offense. My whole point was that stoping a panzer division requires defense, not offense.

      -metric

    4. Re:OT by edittard · · Score: 0
      So what does stop a Panzer division have to do with offense?
      You get the ball back after you turn them over, idiot.
      --
      At the bottom of the /. main page it says 'Yesterday's News'. Well they got that right.
    5. Re:OT by jdcook · · Score: 1

      Nah. I just like tweaking capital-L Libertarians.

      --
      Q:How many libertarians does it take to stop a Panzer division? A:None. Obviously market forces will take care of it.
  53. closed fields of research by toby · · Score: 1
    Mandelbrot says,
    There is a problem that is specific to financial markets. In most fields of research, when someone makes an important finding, they publish it. In the case of prices, they set up a firm and sell advice about their discovery. If they can make money from it, they will. So the research into market dynamics is a closed field.
    That is exactly how the software patent regime shuts down computer science.
    --
    you had me at #!
    1. Re:closed fields of research by faragon · · Score: 1

      Still I don't agree with software patents, I think that your conclusion isn't right: "closed field" means "secret", by the way, "patents" means "public but you have to pay in order to use it".

    2. Re:closed fields of research by toby · · Score: 1

      I probably went too far in directly equating the two, but this critique of Sun's JRL mentions some of the ways IP protection can effectively freeze research.

      --
      you had me at #!
    3. Re:closed fields of research by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      maybe referring to whether the mandlebrot set is simply connected or not?

  54. Most children... by terrencefw · · Score: 3, Insightful
    (From TFA...) It is so simple that most children can program their home computers to produce the Mandelbrot set.
    Well, yes, I suspect most of us could and most likely did on our ZX81's, C64's, BBC B's etc etc.

    /puts old man hat on

    Could most kids today get their PS2 to draw a mandelbrot set? Does Windows XP provide the tools to acquire and use this knowledge? No.

    --
    Like tinyurl, but one letter less! http://qurl.co.uk/
    1. Re:Most children... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, but yes.

    2. Re:Most children... by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      There's just too many games out there now, see. It used to be that if you wanted to make your computer do something cool you had to write software, or at least a little routine. Now, you can just sit back and drool while you twiddle the controls. It's good for hand-eye coordination... as long as you're only talking about small movements (nudge, wink.) And, that's only going to get worse. I told myself I was going to practice with assembler after taking a class in x86 asm recently, and I haven't done shit. I even have a practical application, hacking the PCM in my car, and all the software and hardware necessary, and am I doing it? Ha.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    3. Re:Most children... by terrencefw · · Score: 1
      /puts old man hat on again

      In my day, if you wanted bitmapped graphics you had to learn assembler and code them yourself.

      No, really. You did! I was coding 6502 assembler when I was 7 years old because of this. I get the feeling that the yoof of today would just find this vaguely amusing and make jokes about punch cards and so on. (No, wait, they won't know what a punch card is!)

      --
      Like tinyurl, but one letter less! http://qurl.co.uk/
    4. Re:Most children... by LiquidCoooled · · Score: 1

      XP does provide the tools, but your right, its not at the forefront anymore. I remember getting developer level instructions in the book that came with my Amiga.

      Anyway, Its perfectly feasible to pick up a raw XP machine, and create mandelbrot set from sourcecode.
      Internet explorer comes with a javascript engine.

      Just to see if I could, I dragged a very old basic calculator up into Javascript using nothing more than notepad.

      It works really well, and takes a damn site less than the 24hours it originally took.

      --
      liqbase :: faster than paper
    5. Re:Most children... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You know it is kinda sad. We grew up with computers that while having all the features of modern computers, were very simple to learn with. I wrote video games on my apple 2e in basic when I was 10.

      while I was pretty smart, No 10 year old will write a space invaders clone using direct x or opengl. I credit my early years with computers as giving me the intimate understanding of how they work. I wonder how future generations will fair, lacking such simple platforms to learn from...

  55. Mod system improvements? by phyruxus · · Score: 1
    what if you could only spend mod points in stories in sections you had earned karma in?

    Eg, if you reaped a load of karma in IT, but none in politics, you could mod in IT, but not in politics?

    Alternatively, what if moderation wasn't anonymous, and your moderation showed up in your user page, as well as in the comment?

    I know I've wished for that on numerous occasions. (the second thing) I think either of these changes would make the moderation system hella better. Although I do like being able to moderate in any topic.. Frankly, I think making moderation non-anonymous would be a giant leap forward. Even if it didn't keep people from modding like five year olds, at least people could know who was smacking them down.

    My cats breath smells like cat food!

    --
    "A witty saying proves nothing." ~Voltaire
    "d'Oh!" ~Homer
    1. Re:Mod system improvements? by chadjg · · Score: 1

      Non-anonymous moderation by people that have earned mod points in particular subsections sounds good. But with that system it might be best it was not completely left up to the person with a fist full of mod points to select the posts that they moderate.

      I think that a known mod system would devolve into clusters of moderatinf furballs, for better or worse. The reason being is that people will quite naturally pay attention to the people that are paying attention to them, rather than the discussion at large. People will mod up people that support them, and because they are also paying inordinate attention to the losers that are dinging them, spend an inordinate amount of the negative mods on said losers. Of course I'm amking a number of cynical assumptions about human nature, but that is my estimate of the situation.

      Even if we do make people mod under their own names, we should keep the meta-mod system on an anonymous basis. I think it is important to have that low risk way to curb the worse mod abuses.

      However i don't see a huge downside to your idea compartmentalizing karma, and it could be a great leap forward. I have no idea how to code it myself, and it sounds like a lot of work for those that might though, so that probably won't happen.

      Because this board is a colossus, it will always attract whole herds of complete morons, as well as part-time morons like myself. Lucky for us, a few gurus still check in and the system does keep the worst of it under control, IMO.

      --
      Why do I have this? I don't smoke.
    2. Re:Mod system improvements? by edittard · · Score: 0
      Even if it didn't keep people from modding like five year olds, at least people could know who was smacking them down.
      I think most of us already know: http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=24252&cid=2649 408.
      --
      At the bottom of the /. main page it says 'Yesterday's News'. Well they got that right.
  56. lol by phyruxus · · Score: 1
    that's a better, and funnier, description than mine below. :)

    Give the man a +1 (either funny or insightful)

    --
    "A witty saying proves nothing." ~Voltaire
    "d'Oh!" ~Homer
  57. Im not going to any .CX domain names by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    I'm still in therapy...

  58. xaos by Mark_MF-WN · · Score: 1

    Try aa-xaos -- now you can view fractals as 80x25 ASCII art. The past is now! Geezers unite!

  59. Space Farm by DrewCapu · · Score: 1
    In the article, Mandelbrot says it's simple to understand how some spaces can be more empty than others, once it is explained. Can someone explain it?
    One space empty.

    Two space doubleplusempty.
  60. Fractal Software + photo printer = cheap art by CausticPuppy · · Score: 1

    There are tons of fractal generators out there, my favorite is Chaos Pro. It's windows only, but it's free (as in beer). It supports a ton of advanced features like transparent layering/blending, and generating AVI's, and the author claims it's 100% feature-compatible with Ultra Fractal (a commercial package).

    It's also compatible with formula and parameter files from other fractal programs (including the legendary FractInt).

    Anyway, if you have a decent photo printer, and any fractal program that can do high resolutions in 32-bit color, you can make some great wall hangings by rendering a fractal image at a high resolution (I use 4000x3000) and then printing it on 8.5x11 glossy photo paper. I have some hanging around my cubicle.

    --
    -CausticPuppy "Of all the people I know, you're certainly one of them." -Somebody I don't know
  61. Re:Why? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Once we had to draw trees using fractals for scientific C programming class. For almost month after I saw everything in fractals and was troubled about how I would draw them, quite quite mad. It made me very irritable. Still happens occationally.

  62. BRILLIANT? by felonius+maximus · · Score: 1
    I suppose it's not right that i'm more irritated about the new-age whackos who think fractals really *MEAN* something than the guy who invented the Mandelbrot set is.

    Now I've got a nice little quote of The Man Himself telling them all they're f-ing idiots.

    I get irritated by new-age whackos as much as the next man ("Goddess on Board" bumper sticker anyone?) but I do not feel it is reasonable to claim that seeing something signifigant within fractals makes one a "new-age whacko". What's more, just because Benoit Mandelbrot believes a certain thing, does not make it so.

    "A:There is no single rule that governs the use of geometry. I don't think that one exists."

    So he believes something different to someone else. I'm pretty sure that covers all humanity. He may be a brilliant man, but he is still just a man. And men are fallible.

  63. Self-similar != Fractal by base_chakra · · Score: 4, Informative

    I think the first fractal discovered should be... the Golden Ratio. It may not be derived from the same mathmatics, but the end result is the same

    Although fractals are self-similar, a self-similar pattern isn't necessarily fractal. Golden spirals/rectangles/triangles aren't fractal because they can be described using classical geometry.

    For a detailed breakdown of such distinctions, see Manfred Schroeder's Fractals, Chaos, Power Laws: Minutes from an Infinite Paradise.

  64. Re:Is he any relation to by a+whoabot · · Score: 1

    It was fucking hilarious.

  65. Elena Fractals (ZoneXplorer) by aliquis · · Score: 2, Interesting

    No article about fractals could be complete without mentioning Elenas excellent ZonXplorer fractal package for AmigaOS 3.5+ and MorphOS (running on the Pegasos PPC). Check out her stuning pictures in her gallery.
    I hope her webpage can handle the load, it's sure enough worth a visit.

  66. zerg by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Mandelbutt (I've got nothing...)

  67. Re:Why? by Lord_Dweomer · · Score: 1
    I know its bad taste to respond to your own post, but good god mods, get a sense of humor!

    --
    Buy Steampunk Clothing Online!
  68. PEEK and POKE by circletimessquare · · Score: 1

    PEEK and POKE, those were indeed the days

    and don't worry about your gpa, the kind of stuff you learned messing around with the 6809 were probably more useful i would believe

    good teenage memories, good memories ;-)

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
  69. Just one question I want to ask by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    "Do you do weird things with your coffee to get funky patterns?"

  70. No, clearly they don't [NT] by Rui+del-Negro · · Score: 1

    No, clearly they don't.

  71. And do you...? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    And do you know the difference between "it's" and "its"?

  72. Can I touch you? [NT] by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    [NT]

  73. "Mandelbrot Set" song by Jonathan Coulton by AllTheGoodNamesWereT · · Score: 1
    I'm surprised that no one has mentioned the song "Mandelbrot Set" by Jonathan Coulton. His site seems to be unavailable right now, but a cached copy of the lyrics can be found on Google. The first part of the song is as follows:

    "Pathological monsters!" cried the terrified mathematician.
    "Every one of them is a splinter in my eye.
    I hate the Peano Space and the Koch Curve,
    I fear the Cantor Ternary Set, and the Sierpinski Gasket makes me want to cry."
    And a million miles away a butterfly flapped its wings
    On a cold November day a man named Benoit Mandelbrot was born

    His disdain for pure mathematics and his unique geometrical insights
    Left him well equipped to face those demons down
    He saw that infinite complexity could be described by simple rules
    He used his giant brain to turn the game around
    And he looked below the storm and saw a vision in his head
    A bulbous pointy form
    He picked his pencil up and he wrote his secret down

    Chorus
    Take a point called Z in the complex plane
    Let Z1 be Z squared plus C
    And Z2 is Z1 squared plus C
    And Z3 is Z2 squared plus C and so on
    If the series of Z's should always stay
    Close to Z and never trend away
    That point is in the Mandelbrot Set
    It really has to be heard to be believed -- you can download an MP3 file when the site is online.
    1. Re:"Mandelbrot Set" song by Jonathan Coulton by yack0 · · Score: 1

      Seems I posted only after searching the FIRST page of posts, not both... oh well.

      Mirror of the song, though his site is alive again.
      http://www.talker.com/john/mp3/Jonathan%25 20Coulto n%2520-%2520Mandelbrot%2520Set.mp3

      Saw him in Camden Maine in 2003 where he was entertainment for a conference called Pop!Tech

      He looks eerily like a person I used to work with and has a similar sense of humor. It was spooky.

      --
      -- There is no sig line, only Zuul.
  74. Silly mod, points are for smart people... by TiggertheMad · · Score: 1

    Wow, I wish I could see who modded me down, just to be able to taunt them. What the hell is someone doing modding a discussion about fractals, when they don't even know what the Cantor set is?

    --

    HA! I just wasted some of your bandwidth with a frivolous sig!
  75. Fractal wetware? by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 2, Interesting

    At UC Berkeley, back in 1990, you told a great story of you and your wife attending a movie premiere which used a fractal landscape effect they'd hired you to produce. (please forgive my repeating old family gossip, especially if I've misremembered the details :) As I recall, it took longer to generate than the producer's patience lasted, so they cropped it rather than wait for its last triangle to completely render. Your wife hadn't heard about the "shortcut", but when your effect came onscreen, she gave you a big pinch. After the movie ended, you asked her what was wrong, and she said, in effect, "That's not a fractal!" - apparently she could recognize even partial fractals as incomplete, therefore nonfractal.

    Have you learned more about any other fractal recognition, either people or artificial (eg. software)? Identifying fractals, fractal metrics, noniterative predictions, comparisons without analysis... Have you heard about the recently published African Fractals, a scientific investigation of fractal "sensibility" in traditional African designs, both unconscious and explicit? Do you think human fractal recognition and execution can inform our computer science investigations of this geometry? Perhaps the popularization of fractals in European-rooted design might influence our modern global culture as deeply as it seems to have influenced culture in Africa?

    --

    --
    make install -not war

    1. Re:Fractal wetware? by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 1

      Whoops - that story summary was so short, the interview's publication elsewhere, in the past , eluded me. Anyway, Mr. Mandelbrot, now we'll get a chance to see if you read Slashdot :).

      --

      --
      make install -not war

  76. Mandelbrot has some mathematical ability by exp(pi*sqrt(163)) · · Score: 1
    But his primary ability is convincing people that he was the discoverer of work discovered by other people. He did not invent fractals. He did not discover many important properties of fractals. He did not discover the "Mandelbrot" Set (I have the orange covered collection of papers that contains the original Brooks-Metelsky paper with the ASCII art printout, from a teletype, of the set.) He's a full time self-publicist and bullshitter in the style of people who appear in Wired. When he speaks publicly he credits few other people and uses the word 'I' far more than any other speaker I've seen.

    (Chaitin in pretty similar too. And come to think of it, so's Latham. These IBM Research Fellows are an untrustworthy bunch.)

    --
    Doesn't it make you feel good to know that our freedoms are protected by politicans, lawyers and journalists.
  77. consumed half the worlds computing power in 1986 by peter303 · · Score: 1

    When Scienctific American Mathematical Recreations published the Mandelbrot algorithm circa 1986, everybody tried to program it and look for interesting zooms and seeds. I know our lab tied its computers for weeks. And you saw it everywhere at trade show demos.

  78. He may be a good mathematician, but... by muecksteiner · · Score: 1

    his book ("The Fractal Geometry of Nature") contains at least one oversight that is really staggering, and throws a bizarre light on his abilities beyond pure math (and other posters here have speculated at length about the originality of his mathematical work as well).

    In that book is a high-res picture of one of the fractal landscapes he did (one of the high-gloss images in the center), and the caption reads something like "this image does not look particularly realistic, since real valleys have much smoother floors than the ridges around them - and I have no idea why". Either he was joking, or the whole concept of erosion (and common sense along with that) had completely passed him by.

    I first read that book when I was about 15, and this has bothered me ever since then - how come that such an icon can make such stupid mistakes?

    Apart from that I found the whole book to be remarkably long on convoluted talk at the time, and remarkably short on actual insight. But who are we to question an icon of modern math... ;-)

    Just my 0.2EUR

    A.W.

    1. Re:He may be a good mathematician, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Either he was joking, or the whole concept of erosion (and common sense along with that) had completely passed him by.
      I live on Mercury you insensitive clod!!!!!!
  79. Re:Fractal compression is NP-hard by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Optimal Fractal Coding is NP-Hard:
    http://theory.lcs.mit.edu/~ruhl/papers/1997-dcc.ht ml

    Might be a reason why it never took off...

  80. Legend refers to someone dead, not living. by Orbital+Observer · · Score: 1

    Do you really have to resort to such nonsensical hyperbole for an eye-catching headline? Leave that crap for Fox News.

    --
    ---- I have nothing more to add.
  81. For lack of a nail by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    While we're on the subject, my website http://www.moneyscience.org/ also published a short piece by Mandelbrot recently - about the article which made most of an impact on him.
    http://www.moneyscience.org/tiki/tiki-read_article .php?articleId=12

  82. this is BS by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    read some (in fact, any) of his earlier papers, and you'll find them to be full of acknowledgments of his antecedents. If with advancing age he can no longer be bothered to preface every sentence with an extensive bibliography, this is only understandable. We all get a little tired over the years.

    In fact, your implying that any Westerner who omits the obligatory deferential nod to Plato is suffering from lack of intellectual integrity motivated by desire for self-promotion. Grow up!!

  83. This is not BS by exp(pi*sqrt(163)) · · Score: 1

    His talks are nothing but self-aggrandisement. I've been to talks by countless intellectuals ranging from people like Witten, Hawking, Bell and Feynman. Nobel prize winners. Fields medal winners. None of them promoted themselves in the way Mandelbrot does. Quite frankly, Mandelbrot talks like a complete asshole. I don't expect a bibliography from everyone. Mandelbrot is different from any other speaker I've known. He's obnoxious, and also a complete bullshitter. He talks endlessly about applications of his work that actually come to nothing. He's a fake riding on the success of his earlier years. And his earlier work is merely technicalities. FInd me the mathematician who actually cares about Mandelbrot's work. They are few and far between. His work is a dead-end that has had little impact anywhere. And yet he continues to give talks on applications of his work to things like financial markets (he's been doing that very recently) that are complete and utter bull. None of this stuff works. But he wows people with pretty pictures and once you're famous you're treated with undue reverence whatever you say.

    --
    Doesn't it make you feel good to know that our freedoms are protected by politicans, lawyers and journalists.
  84. shameless fractal gallery plug by Tiny+Elvis · · Score: 1

    yeah but my gallery has *animated* fractals.. and not just static zooms either.

  85. Mathematics on the Atari 8-bit by Hobart · · Score: 1

    Hmm, do you remember a demo that took hours to run that drew a 3-D graph that looked like a hat? I seem to recall the listing describing it as plotting an "Archimedes Spiral", it was only about 10 lines long. The final image was used as the title screen of the package "Printwiz". I've tried to no avail to find it on the 'net.

    --
    o/~ Join us now and share the software ...
  86. Everybody sing! by yack0 · · Score: 1

    Here's the song and the Lyrics

    Now, take a musicians web server to its knees will ya! :)

    Fine, here, have a mirror:

    "You're one badass fucking fractal " :)

    --
    -- There is no sig line, only Zuul.
    1. Re:Everybody sing! by DarkKnightRadick · · Score: 1

      That is one kick ass song!

      --
      "There is a way that seems right to a man, but its end is the way of death." Proverbs 16:25 (NKJV)
  87. Re: 6809E rulez! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Ah, yes, those *were* the days...

    Reminds me of the time (high school?) I wanted the most accurate zero-crossing timer I could invent for a CoCo software SSTV decoder (sending the amateur radio's audio output into the CoCo's cassette port). I *needed* a 16-bit counter, but instructions like ADDD were sooo slow (6 cycles?).

    It eventually dawned on me there was one really fast 16-bit counter in the machine... the program counter! I filled memory with NOPs and sent the zero-crossing output into an interrupt (FIRQ?). Subtract the stacked PC from the start of the NOPs and you had 2~ accuracy! I thought it was the coolest thing ever: the machine was churning through NOPs as fast as it could... and the NOPs *were* the computation!

    With the double-speed POKE to run at 1.78MHz that got you ~1 microsecond resolution from 0 out to ~0.07s. A serial cable connected the CoCo (RS-232 Program Pak) to my Mac IIsi and a crazy MPW program displayed the incoming image (I think by directly writing to IIsi screen memory).

    I had written a SSTV transmitter on the IIsi, recorded a test image to audio tape, and successfully received a tiny bitmap image of Jupiter. It looked pretty good-- there wasn't much jitter and the gray levels came out decent!

    A mystery to me how all that early advantage seems to have been squandered...

    Surely you meant `EDTASM' instead of `MASM'?

    --Longtime /. lurker and occassional AC; too much laziness and tinfoil to login (which is a shame when I see how much low UID's sell for... =)

  88. EGO? by Seraphim_72 · · Score: 1

    I am Drew from Zhrodague -- a computer scientist, technology pioneer, and Internet personality.

    And hell, I will even let the "technology pioneer" thing go .... yeesh get over yourself

    --
    Slashdot, where armchair scientists get shouted down and armchair theologians get modded up.
  89. Google job search. by Grendel+Drago · · Score: 1

    Sounds like Google used to troll here for new hires.

    --grendel drago

    --
    Laws do not persuade just because they threaten. --Seneca
  90. MMm man by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Mandel, is THE man these days for math. And he hasn't said much recently. Good to hear at least some legends are still around to study.

  91. yabsic ~ a tool to show Mandelbrot sets by goon · · Score: 1
    Mandelbrot

    sometimes when a challenge like this comes along I've got to take it up. Just got a mandelbrot demo working on my ps2 with the 6yo. It was based on the sample demo program that shipped with the demo disk

    how

    with yabasic of course. with every ps2 shipped into AUS (and UK and some other euro countries with PAL TV systems) a copy of the yabasic interpreter was bundled along with the demo disk.

    The ps2 homebrew programming community is pretty strong with yabasic and ps2linux.

    input and pong

    btw the input via the ps2 controller is as bad as my ZX80 bubble keyboard. I don't have a USB keyboard (or a Datel PS2 XPort). Now for pong. It takes slashdot to get the young bloke to input games I played 25yrs ago :)

    --
    peterrenshaw ~ Another Scrappy Startup
  92. Chaitin does seem similar by Schwarzchild · · Score: 1

    Look at how he consistently keeps calling it Chaitin complexity even though everybody else calls it Kolmogorov complexity. AFAIK, Kolmogorov discovered it first.

    --

    "sweet dreams are made of this..."

  93. Fractals the size of a world by danila · · Score: 1

    MojoWorld from Pandromeda is a world-generation engine that generates fractal-based worlds with "pixel-perfect quality" (that is without obvious pixelation artefacts and loss of details in closeups). It's not yet photorealistic, but already very impressive (Gallery)

    --
    Future Wiki -- If you don't think about the future, you cannot have one.
  94. Re:Thank goodnes that Mandelbrot is Western by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This is probably the most irrelevant and stupid comment I have ever read. Seriously.

  95. Re:Thank goodnes that Mandelbrot is Western by ScrewMaster · · Score: 1

    Oh, I disagree. As irrelevant and stupid as it was, there are far more irrelevant and stupid things here on Slashdot. Some of them are quite entertaining in their own way, and that's what keeps me coming back. Whenever I'm feeling a bit low for any reason, I just come to www.slashdot.org, read a few of the more ignorant comments and my innate sense of mental superiority returns full-force. Kind of like Web-enabled Prozac.

    --
    The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
  96. Re:Fractal compression paper, wavelet = fractal by UnapprovedThought · · Score: 1

    *searches*

    Argh!

    Which one was the paper you read? I'm afraid to click on some of the links :)

    ++
    Within 100 years the act of thinking will require royalty payments.

  97. Re:FC; if company fails, what happens to patent? by UnapprovedThought · · Score: 1

    So if the company fails, does that mean free software can begin using the patent? Or, does another company invariably sneak in and file a very similar patent (hoping the existence of prior art is not noticed) so as to prevent that from happening?

  98. My mom was disappointed by the article by Muhammar · · Score: 1

    No reciepe. All she wanted to know was how to bake this Mandelbrot.

    --
    I doubt that we will ever figure out - and I suspect that even if we did figure out we couldn't do much about it
  99. Knowledgable slashdot mods by Phragmen-Lindelof · · Score: 1

    I am really impressed with the knowledge which /. moderators bring to the table. The parent of this post corresponds to the opinion of the majority of mathematicians, which is that Mandelbrot has done some good work but is a self-promoter, does not always acknowledge the work of others and probably is not considered a Math Legend by most mathematician. I am a peon with a Ph.D. in math who has been doing research for less than 30 years; I have only one paper which received a Featured Review and I consider myself to be a fairly ordinary person with three kids.
    Slashdot moderators know much more than do I about contributions to geometric measure theory, Hausdorff measures, self-similar sets, fractals, etc. and I accept that my previous post was flamebait since I am ignorant. However, lots of other people deserve credit for their work on fractals. I will just mention two, John Hutchinson and Michael Barnsley. I just met John when I visited ANU recently; I believe I also saw Michael. I do not think they invented fractals or claim to be the smartest people in the world but they did some interesting work. Since our slashdot moderators are so smart, they can even tell you about this research. (Just in case they are too busy, here are some recent papers.)