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ESA and NASA Consider Joint Mission To Europa

ewg writes "In defiance of the monolith, the European Space Agency and NASA are in the early planning stages of an automated joint mission to Europa, Jupiter's watery moon. This follows the triumphant Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn's moon Titan. "All these worlds are yours, except Europa...""

195 comments

  1. Argh! by vjmurphy · · Score: 2, Funny

    Get the quote right, at least:

    "All these worlds are yours..."

    --
    Vincent J. Murphy
    Spandex Justice
    1. Re:Argh! by PoopJuggler · · Score: 2, Funny

      All your world are belong to us

    2. Re:Argh! by FuturePastNow · · Score: 1

      All these world are belong to you...

      --
      Give a man fire, and you warm him for the night. Set a man on fire, and you warm him for the rest of his life.
    3. Re:Argh! by shawn(at)fsu · · Score: 1

      in soviet russia all these world are belong to you.

      --
      500 dollar reward for tip(s) leading to the arrest of the person(s) who stole my sig.
    4. Re:Argh! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      In Korea, worlds only belong to old people.

    5. Re:Argh! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      "...except Europa. Attempt no landings there"

      We'd better watch out or be eaten by whatever creatures lie beneath the ice.

    6. Re:Argh! by Man+in+Spandex · · Score: 1

      Imagine a beowulf cluster of your worlds that are belonged by old People from Korea by us to you

    7. Re:Argh! by TheGavster · · Score: 1

      But I want the giant diamond mountain! Besides, I only crashed by accident ...

      --
      "Because Science" is one step from "Because old book". Try "Because of my experiment testing my falsifiable assertion".
    8. Re:Argh! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I like pie.

    9. Re:Argh! by Jakhel · · Score: 1

      CowboyNeal, you insensitive clod!

    10. Re:Argh! by Guppy06 · · Score: 1

      Yeah, but nobody made a movie out of 2063.

    11. Re:Argh! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      With good reason. Take a perfectly good cosmic mystery, then go about explaining it. Jeez.

    12. Re:Argh! by Lord+Prox · · Score: 1

      Hold on, there are talking about it right now. Last I heard it was 3001: The final odyssey, only with 2061 rolled into it in the beginning for context.
      No budget has been allocated, so it may never happen, but ya never know. Hollywood is in this "recycling" mode right now, comic books, old movies, prequels, and all.

  2. All these words? by nurhussein · · Score: 1

    Ok, I'm not supposed to use that word then? Ok fine. I'll just say, "sounds like Europe but without the Europeans (or a decent oxygen supply)".

    1. Re:All these words? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I knew a guy in college who spent a year in Europe traveling. When he was asked how it was he said Europe would be great if it wasn't for all those darn foreigners.

    2. Re:All these words? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's a ripoff of the age-old 'America is great, too bad those Americans live there' joke.

    3. Re:All these words? by x2A · · Score: 1

      We say this about many countries; "country x is great, too bad americans live there" :-p

      --
      The revolution will not be televised... but it will have a page on Wikipedia
    4. Re:All these words? by sgant · · Score: 1

      Europe without Europeans would be more like "Europia" right? Get it...Utopia/Europia? Europe without Europeans is an Utopia? Right? Get it?

      Ok, wasn't that damn funny...

      --

      "Leo Fender was in a 'state of grace' when he designed the Stratocaster." -- Paul Reed Smith
    5. Re:All these words? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You can bite my puckered American ass.

    6. Re:All these words? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Of course, one could ask, "What would Europe be without Americans?" The answer is simple, "Germany".

    7. Re:All these words? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      you cam also ask "what would america be without europeans? the answer: nothing"

    8. Re:All these words? by fforw · · Score: 1
      I have to disagree.

      Utopia comes from from greek "ou" = not and "topos" which means place (etymology). So it basically means "no place". In case of all europeans disappearing the place will still be there - so it's more like the opposite of utopia whatever that may be...

      --
      while (!asleep()) sheep++
  3. Thank You . . . by StefanJ · · Score: 4, Funny

    . . . for putting the line from the Clarke novel right in the intro and getting it out of the way.

    This will eliminate about half of the impulse entries on this subject.

    That said . . .

    Heyyyyy, how 'bout them Probes! Whoooo! Go probes!

    Stefan

    1. Re:Thank You . . . by Rei · · Score: 4, Interesting

      While I get a kick out of most of these missions, I'm *really* waiting for the next Titan mission. I want to see a nuclear powered helicopter or cryogenic-temperature blimp (two proposals thusfar) patrolling around Titan; it'd be able to visit pretty much the entire moon. Huygens definitely was a "pose 5 new questions for every one it answered" mission. And if anything, Titan now looks even more like Primordial-Earth-In-Deep-Freeze than ever before.

      Plus, it seems that there likely are hotspots on the moon due to radar evidence of cryovulcanism. So, in short, we have a moon the size of Mercury where we have been able to see huge amounts of organic chemistry going on, locations where liquid water even makes it out to the surface, and extensive evidence of hydrocarbons coming into and out from the surface. Seems like there might even be a chance, however slim, of subsurface present-day life. Heck, I wouldn't even rule out life using Titan's methane as a solvent, although it's nonpolar so it certainly couldn't be LAWKI.

      --
      "Here's a fun fact: the moon has turned to blood!" -- Newscaster, "Jesus Christ Supercop"
    2. Re:Thank You . . . by FleaPlus · · Score: 4, Informative

      While I get a kick out of most of these missions, I'm *really* waiting for the next Titan mission. I want to see a nuclear powered helicopter or cryogenic-temperature blimp (two proposals thusfar) patrolling around Titan; it'd be able to visit pretty much the entire moon. Huygens definitely was a "pose 5 new questions for every one it answered" mission. And if anything, Titan now looks even more like Primordial-Earth-In-Deep-Freeze than ever before. ::digs up one of his old posts to sci.space.tech::

      There were some concept studies done of an "Aerover" blimp for Titan exploration a few years back. I suspect we'll soon seen those ideas thrown around again.

      Post-Cassini Exploration of Titan: Science Rationale and Mission Concepts (compares helicopters, blimps, etc.)
      Titan orbiter Aerover mission
      http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/features.cfm?feature= 499
      http://www.nasatech.com/Briefs/Mar03/NPO20609.html
      http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/solarsystem/ titan_blimp_020212.html

  4. When are they planning it? by gowen · · Score: 4, Funny

    Hopefully not 2010. That could only be a bad thing. I hope they attempt no landings there.

    --
    Athletic Scholarships to universities make as much sense as academic scholarships to sports teams.
    1. Re:When are they planning it? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      it will take more than 5 years to reach Europa, so the probe will be there after 2010 for sure, isn't it?

    2. Re:When are they planning it? by sv213 · · Score: 1

      They are talking about 2016 possibly. Going all the way without sending a lander would be a shame, especially since there's a good chance there may be life under the ice in the oceans. There are groups already quite far advanced in developing ice-melting robots that will burrow through the ice by melting it and pumping the water out to the surface. When it finally gets through the ice, it will then be able to travel underwater taking measurements of the environment there. What could be more exciting? S.Vijendran www.tailortailor.com

  5. ESA and NASA Consider Joint Mission To Europe by Panaflex · · Score: 4, Funny

    Hope they get a EuropaRail pass this time.. lot cheaper than the last trip.

    Heh, sorry, the first time I read this I read "Joint Mission to Europe."

    -Pan

    --
    I said no... but I missed and it came out yes.
    1. Re:ESA and NASA Consider Joint Mission To Europe by SpongeBobLinuxPants · · Score: 2, Funny

      or worse, a Joint Strike Mission to Europe.

    2. Re:ESA and NASA Consider Joint Mission To Europe by jonasj · · Score: 1

      Actually in some european languages (e.g. those spoken here in the scandinavian countries), Europe is indeed called "Europa".

      --
      You know, Microsoft's street address also says a lot about their mentality.
  6. Here they come! by Capt'n+Hector · · Score: 1

    Que lame jokes about unit conversion.... now. No, seriously. Please do it right, guys at ESA and NASA.

    --
    Quid festinatio swallonis est aetherfuga inonusti?
    Africus aut Europaeus?
    1. Re:Here they come! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That should really be "Cue", as opposed to "Que" (french/spanish word) or "queue" (which means "line" for you funny American types)

    2. Re:Here they come! by stupidfoo · · Score: 2, Funny

      I would imagine that the majority of the people on slashdot define "queue" as:

      # Computer Science.
      1. A sequence of stored data or programs awaiting processing.
      2. A data structure from which the first item that can be retrieved is the one stored earliest.

    3. Re:Here they come! by theshowmecanuck · · Score: 1

      Actually, I would think that most of the people on Slashdot recognize 'queue' as a 'line up' (at least those from outside of the U.S... and many within)... and from which, the people creating the data structures for the first time borrowed the word.

      --
      -- I ignore anonymous replies to my comments and postings.
    4. Re:Here they come! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Que lame jokes about unit conversion.... now. No, seriously. Please do it right, guys at ESA and NASA.

      NASA uses metric just like ESA. It was a contractor who didn't use metric.

    5. Re:Here they come! by raider_red · · Score: 1

      I don't think we need to worry about unit conversions this time. Homicidal AIs on the other hand...

      --
      It's good to use your head, but not as a battering ram.
    6. Re:Here they come! by DavidHopwood · · Score: 1

      Why not name the guilty? It was Lockheed Martin, although JPL should have caught it.

  7. Re:Am I reading this correct? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    What's the difference?

  8. ATTEMPT NO LANDINGS THERE! by Progman3K · · Score: 0

    You don't want the monolith coming back to earth and taking away our collective inteeligence as punishment, do you?

    Maybe the monolith would come back and make monkeys MORE intelligent than us, just to keep us busy...

    --
    I don't know the meaning of the word 'don't' - J
    1. Re:ATTEMPT NO LANDINGS THERE! by jonfields · · Score: 1

      Planet of the Apes anyone?

    2. Re:ATTEMPT NO LANDINGS THERE! by 0racle · · Score: 1

      ITS A MADHOUSE! A MADHOUSE!

      --
      "I use a Mac because I'm just better than you are."
    3. Re:ATTEMPT NO LANDINGS THERE! by ApewithGun · · Score: 1

      ...Maybe the monolith would come back and make monkeys MORE intelligent than us, just to keep us busy...

      "Get your stinkin' paws off of me you damn, dirty ape!"

    4. Re:ATTEMPT NO LANDINGS THERE! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ...taking away our collective inteeligence...

      You were saying?

  9. Re:Am I reading this correct? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting
    It's not in the Bible. It's not in the Koran. It's not in the Maya Codex.

    Depending upon your point of view, all of the above could be construed as Science Fiction, too.

  10. Obscure by KSobby · · Score: 1

    I was wondering why all of my hairbrushes started floating this morning and why John Lithgow was wearing that stupid hat. (I keep trying to tell myself that that movie never happened but alas ...)

    --
    "It's difficult to meditate on amphetamines." - Joe Walsh
  11. Re:Am I reading this correct? by Rei · · Score: 1
    --
    "Here's a fun fact: the moon has turned to blood!" -- Newscaster, "Jesus Christ Supercop"
  12. Re:Am I reading this correct? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

    Long histories of blody war?

  13. Re:Am I reading this correct? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting
    Depending upon your point of view, all of the above could be construed as Science Fiction, too.

    Naaw, Science Fiction is only for entertainment (that occasionally spurs creative application of concepts). The former are all documents which different types mass hysteria are based upon.

  14. No Way! by EccentricAnomaly · · Score: 1, Interesting

    Southwood's plan is for the US to settle for building a simple 'relay satellite' and to get their glory probe into orbit around Europa so that they can claim all of the credit.

    Why would NASA want to do all of the hard work and spend all of the money to put an ESA orbiter at Europa??

    --
    There are 10 types of people in this world, those who can count in binary and those who can't.
    1. Re:No Way! by guet · · Score: 1

      Southwood's plan is for the US to settle for building a simple 'relay satellite' and to get their glory probe into orbit around Europa so that they can claim all of the credit.
      Why would NASA want to do all of the hard work and spend all of the money to put an ESA orbiter at Europa??


      Well, perhaps they'd be more interested in the science they could do than any perceived 'glory' from being the one who lands a probe.

      Does all international co-operation have to be reduced to a squabble over who has the biggest satellite/flag/ball, and who gets to land where?

      Perhaps they feel that both space agencies could benefit from the co-operation; Nasa because of lack of money for science missions, and ESA because of Nasa's experience with RTGs. Nasa has after all cancelled the Jimo mission due to lack of funds.

    2. Re:No Way! by deglr6328 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Oh you mean just like how they "stole all the credit" for the cassini huygens mission when they landed huygens on Titan? Yeah. Thought so. If you had a clue, which by the way, you don't, you'd know that we'd probably supply an orbiter which would communicate with an esa lander. The majority of the science data returned coming from the orbiter. The fact that average joe clueless still thinks that space should be one huge dick size comparison is a big part of what's preventing us from doing truly collaborative big science missions on a regular basis and reaping the scientific knowledge just waiting to be taken from such missions.

      --
      - "Hear that?! The percolations are imminent! Cease your ingress!"
    3. Re:No Way! by flyingsquid · · Score: 2, Funny
      The fact that average joe clueless still thinks that space should be one huge dick size comparison is a big part of what's preventing us from doing truly collaborative big science missions on a regular basis.

      I'd like to take this opportunity to point out that the largest rocket in the world is the United States' Saturn V. The tiny, flaccid French Ariane boosters hardly compare. As for the Russian Proton rocket... well, let's just say that they've had a little trouble with the machinery that gets it into the upright launch position. But don't worry Russia- it happens to a lot of people they say.

    4. Re:No Way! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      You NASA wussies can't even get that thing up! Not even flaccid, it's just lying there broken, coated with some brown crumbly substance...

      /me ducks

    5. Re:No Way! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You forgot to mention the woefully tiny Japanese rockets.

    6. Re:No Way! by EccentricAnomaly · · Score: 1

      Well, perhaps they'd be more interested in the science they could do than any perceived 'glory' from being the one who lands a probe.

      ESA and NASA routinely fly instruments on each other's spacecraft. What Southwood wants is the accolades in the press.

      Nasa because of lack of money for science missions, and ESA because of Nasa's experience with RTGs.

      If they want better RTG's they should team up with the Russians... The Russians are the only ones to actually fly a reactor in space. NASA has a lot more money than ESA for space science missions, which is the real reason why Southwood wants to team up.

      Nasa has after all cancelled the Jimo mission due to lack of funds.

      No JIMO was cancelled because the concept won't work. The spacecraft is too large to launch, and the reactor technology isn't ready.

      --
      There are 10 types of people in this world, those who can count in binary and those who can't.
    7. Re:No Way! by EccentricAnomaly · · Score: 1

      If you read the article, you'd see that they were proposing an ESA orbiter and a NASA relay satellite that would put the ESA orbiter into orbit.

      Most of the cost of a Europa orbiter, is the getting into orbit part.. the deal Southwood is proposing stinks. He's basically proposing a plan ESA has tried before to do itself but couldn't find the money for, and proposing the US pay for the most expensive part and ESA gets the high visibility part.

      I am a proponent of NASA - ESA coorperation, just not of Southwood and his glory-hounding. Cooperation means it should benefit both sides...

      --
      There are 10 types of people in this world, those who can count in binary and those who can't.
    8. Re:No Way! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If they want better RTG's they should team up with the Russians... The Russians are the only ones to actually fly a reactor in space.

      An RTG is not a reactor in the usual sense of the word. AN RTG is a thermocouple heated by the natural decay of a radioisotope. A "reactor" would (at a minimum) be designed to create a higher rate of fission.

      RTGs have the advantage of being very simple and reliable devices, which is desirable in one-shot space missions.

      "Flying a reactor" isn't a virtue in and of itself. It's kind of like saying, "the Russians are the only ones ever to fly a 16-kilobyte vacuum tube computer in space". Sure, you can often substitute brute force to avoid have to optimize solutions. But that's not necessarily something to be proud of; simply a case of managing requirements given a realistic assessment of capabilities.

      "Better" is not a one-dimensional quantity, and it's certainly not the same as "massive".

    9. Re:No Way! by EccentricAnomaly · · Score: 1

      A reactor is better than an RTG because it offers more power... The Russians used to lead the US in space propulsion and space nuclear power... but I'm not sure how much of their past expertise they have retained.

      "Flying a reactor" isn't a virtue in and of itself. It's kind of like saying, "the Russians are the only ones ever to fly a 16-kilobyte vacuum tube computer in space". Sure, you can often substitute brute force to avoid have to optimize solutions. But that's not necessarily something to be proud of; simply a case of managing requirements given a realistic assessment of capabilities.

      An RTG will never give the power/mass ratio of a reactor. Electric propulsion (like in JIMO) requires a reactor and not RTG's. The Russians have flown a couple working reactors in space, Europe and the US have not.

      --
      There are 10 types of people in this world, those who can count in binary and those who can't.
    10. Re:No Way! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Thank you.

  15. And so far.... by WindBourne · · Score: 2, Insightful

    none of those 3 have been any better at predicting the future than a Sci.Fi. book. So why give any weight to them?

    --
    I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    1. Re:And so far.... by fr2asbury · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I know I'm stepping on a land mine even getting into this thread, but there are Christians who believe the whole point of their religion and following Christ is that if you love your fellow person and treat people well, the future, not to mention the present, will be better.
      For Christians who feel this way, myself included, we're not all that interested in how accurately the Bible predicts the future. It seems pretty clear to me the future is in our hands. Either we get our acts together and play nice or it'll be just more of the same luke warm happiness and misery.

    2. Re:And so far.... by WindBourne · · Score: 1

      well, first off, I am a Christian. But I can still look at the Bible (and other holy books) with a critical eye. And no, I do not consider myself a heratic for it.

      Far too many religions push their belief on others (think Al Qaeda, Living Church of God, Billy Graham, Jerry Falwell, Moonies, Focus on the Family, etc.) at all costs. Over the eons, the Roman Catholic have put numerous ppl to horrible death decause of their belief that all should bow to them.

      Good example is the pushing of creationism here in the states. I have changed my mind, and think that all the books which discuss evolution should include creationism in a seperate chapter. But in that chapter, they should also include the views of the japenese, the buddahists, the muslim, heck even the romans, and the vikings (man , I was thrown up???). Because, plain and simple, they all have the same amount of facts as each other.

      --
      I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    3. Re:And so far.... by tchdab1 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      >>there are Christians who believe the whole point of their religion and following Christ is that if you love your fellow person and treat people well, the future, not to mention the present, will be better.

      That plus the part about smiting all the godless pagan heretics who believe differently.

    4. Re:And so far.... by VultureMN · · Score: 1

      "Good example is the pushing of creationism here in the states. I have changed my mind, and think that all the books which discuss evolution should include creationism in a seperate chapter. But in that chapter, they should also include the views of the japenese, the buddahists, the muslim, heck even the romans, and the vikings (man , I was thrown up???). Because, plain and simple, they all have the same amount of facts as each other."

      Why should a book on SCIENCE have to have a chapter on religious beliefs? Should every book that discusses a heliocentric solar system also have to have a chapter espousing an earth-centered view?

    5. Re:And so far.... by rsborg · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Either we get our acts together and play nice or it'll be just more of the same luke warm happiness and misery.

      Then what about prostheletyzation? Your summary point is in contrast to the fundamental difference between western (Christianity, Judaism, Islam) faiths and eastern ones... if you want to play along, why do you seek to "convert" those who "do not believe"? That's not quite "playing nice".

      --
      Make sure everyone's vote counts: Verified Voting
    6. Re:And so far.... by fr2asbury · · Score: 1

      There are differences in the way this is handled. Responsible Christians won't try to convert a person who is happy and healthy in their own faith.
      The more proper candidate for conversion is a person who is in a very bad way. Perhaps depressed, lonely, disenfranchised, victimized. I know all too often the church has been guilty of causing a lot of that. Just because the church does it, doesn't make it good Christianity.
      And I also don't mean to prey on the weak but be there for the weak. Support the poor and if through the good that is done in Jesus' name a person decides to become a part of that faith that's great. Conversion should be brought on by example not by force.
      Of course I understand a lot of what I say is in contrast to the loud obnoxious branches of Christianity and in contrast to the historical behaviors of the Roman Church. What's been done is done. I can't change it but it also doesn't change the root message of Jesus which is to love your neighbor. So many of the crimes of the church have been commited in the political spectrum, both in the past when the church was THE political power in Europe and in the present with the rise of the "religious right."
      Point is not all of us are standing on street corners handing out disgusting comics telling people they'll go to some fictitious version of Hell if they don't stop reading Harry Potter. ;-)

  16. Exploration of Europa by Aardpig · · Score: 4, Informative

    There's a good page discussing life on Europa, and the issues concerning exploration of the moon, here.

    --
    Tubal-Cain smokes the white owl.
    1. Re:Exploration of Europa by Lovesquid · · Score: 2, Funny

      From the article: "Europa's surface is comprised of 8 large land-masses populated entirely by Natalie Portman clones, separated by vast oceans of steamy, bubbling grits."

  17. RTGs by igny · · Score: 3, Interesting
    --
    In theory there is no difference between theory and practice. In practice there is. - Yogi Berra
    1. Re:RTGs by theparanoidcynic · · Score: 3, Informative

      1) Non-fissile isotope.
      2) Designed to survive an explosion and crash.
      3) More radioactivity in a truck full of smoke-detectors.

      Personally, I'm more worried about the propellants that would spray everywhere if the thing blew up.

      --
      Only in a Slashdot fantasy can a Slackware install turn into several hours of sex . . . . .
    2. Re:RTGs by Manhigh · · Score: 4, Informative

      RTGs are for power generation, not propulsion. You could use them to power an electric propulsion system (Ion engines), but the propellant for such a system is inert gas (xenon or krypton) and doesnt pose much of an environmental risk.

      RTG's yield such little power that using them for propulsion only makes sense for very light spacecraft, where you can do most of the energy input using the launch vehicle.

      Nuclear Electric Propulsion (using a reactor) can generate much more power but is also heavier. So you cant boost it to as high an energy with the launch vehicle, since its heavier, but for sending large payloads to the outer planets, its the only option.

      I disagree with the above link's conclusions that nuclear reactors in space have no purpose. Our civilization simply has no other way to get large payloads to distant planets, unless you want to launch several saturn V's into earth orbit and do the assembly of your spacecraft there.

      --
      "Open the pod by doors, Hal" > "I'm afraid I can't do that, Dave" sudo "Open the pod bay doors, Hal" > alright
    3. Re:RTGs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      RTGs are interesting to send data back. More power means more data bits at constant energy/bit.
      Orders of magnitude more power than Cassini's 700 watts will need a reactor. But is that really necessary for a heavier mission?

      I haven't seen any research into better energy/bit transmission from deep-space probes. Presumably the signal gets spread quite a lot after travelling a billion miles. How about a laser, and very precise pointing?

      As for propulsion, I don't see any great need for higher power nuclear sources. The outbound thrust is the hard part. If we need high ISP for that, use solar-powered ion propulsion (like DS1 or any recent comsat station-keeping system), and run it while the probe is diving past Venus. You could spend a year or so close to the Sun building velocity before you head out.

      Nuclear Electric Propulsion is useless for a planetary insertion burn, where you need your delta-V over a couple of hours. So that's going to be a N2O4/N2H4 rocket for the forseeable future (and it'll burn a good chunk of the mission mass).

      The only bit left is maneuvering thrust while in Jupiter (or Saturn) orbit. Here high ISP can extend the mission life, which is good. Surely they can get by with RTG-powered ion thrust, with N2O4/N2H4 used as a backup and for radical course changes.

    4. Re:RTGs by deglr6328 · · Score: 1

      Actually Pu238 IS fissile and has a critical mass. Yeah, it surprised me too. We had a very long discussion about this on the wiki RTG page and due to the lack of detailed unclassified information on Pu being fissile, we never decided what exactly we should add to the article.... It should be noted though that it is very unlikely that Pu238 is a proliferation threat, as the specific activity (ie. decay rate) is so phenomenally high (a mass sufficient for supercritical assembly would be spewing out over 5 kW of heat) that any fissile subcritical geometry for a bomb would probably just melt itself before full assembly and kill the bomb maker.

      --
      - "Hear that?! The percolations are imminent! Cease your ingress!"
    5. Re:RTGs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "More radioactivity in a truck full of smoke-detectors."
      You argument is bollocks. Americium is not harmless:

      http://www.iicph.org/docs/radioactive_fire_detec to rs.htm

      "The main hazard of the ionizing type detector is the radioactive component, usually Americium 241, which has a half-life of 458 years. Radium 226 has a half-life of 1600 years. Americium is a waste product from nuclear reactors; it is encapsulated inside of the detector, but may become available for ingestion or inhalation through the gradual deterioration of its packaging when discarded in a landfill or after its release during an actual fire. It is easily absorbed into the body from the lungs or intestines, and can cause cancer and genetic injury or can have general negative effects on health. This will inevitably be a greater hazard to future generations rather than our own, since it is encapsulated on a ceiling fixture for our short period of use."

      Just because it's commonly found in fire alarms does not make it harmless.

    6. Re:RTGs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Go away nuclear boogie man

    7. Re:RTGs by Manhigh · · Score: 1


      As for propulsion, I don't see any great need for higher power nuclear sources. The outbound thrust is the hard part. If we need high ISP for that, use solar-powered ion propulsion (like DS1 or any recent comsat station-keeping system), and run it while the probe is diving past Venus. You could spend a year or so close to the Sun building velocity before you head out.

      Nuclear Electric Propulsion is useless for a planetary insertion burn, where you need your delta-V over a couple of hours. So that's going to be a N2O4/N2H4 rocket for the forseeable future (and it'll burn a good chunk of the mission mass).


      Low thrust missions are fundamentally different from (nearly) impulsive missions. The trajectory is designed such that the excess velocity at the target planet is at or near zero, such that the propulsion system is capable of performing the insertion maneuver, all the while using less propellant than a chemical propulsion system. Low-thrust missions generally take longer than chemical missions, but can accomodate much more payload due to the low propellant usage.


      The only bit left is maneuvering thrust while in Jupiter (or Saturn) orbit. Here high ISP can extend the mission life, which is good. Surely they can get by with RTG-powered ion thrust, with N2O4/N2H4 used as a backup and for radical course changes.


      RTG-powered ion thrusters generally wont have a high Isp unless the spacecraft is exceptionally light. With a low power, high thrust combination, thrust acceleration is extremely low, which in turn causes "gravity losses" to increase, which eats into the low-propellant benefit that the ion engines are supposed to give you. For light spacecraft it may not make a difference. If you wish to send a large payload, it will.

      --
      "Open the pod by doors, Hal" > "I'm afraid I can't do that, Dave" sudo "Open the pod bay doors, Hal" > alright
    8. Re:RTGs by theparanoidcynic · · Score: 1

      I never called it harmless, I just said that there was vastly more radioactive material in a truck full of smoke detectors - a thing that can be seen bouncing along the road cutting off trucks full of gasoline with significant frequency.

      --
      Only in a Slashdot fantasy can a Slackware install turn into several hours of sex . . . . .
    9. Re:RTGs by wronski · · Score: 1

      In a rocket there are only two ways you can increase the Delta_v (i.e., the amount of velocity change it is able to effect). You either increase the amount of fuel (but this only increases the delta_v logarithmically, as added fuel makes the rocket heavier, thereby needing yet more fuel), or you can increase the speed of the exhaust it spews behind (which increases Delta_v linearly).

      Chemical rockets can have only so much exhaust velocity, and the launching vehicles (which provides the bulk of the probes D_v, unless it uses some sort of gravity assist) would have to be exponentially larger to significantly increase D_v.

      Nuclear rockets can get much hotter than ordinary chemical reaction chambers, so the exhaust speed is much larger. Ion engines in all flavors proposed so far also have very high exhaust speeds, but very little thrust (so it takes a long time at modest acceleration to get a good speed going). Solar sails get rid of reaction mass altogether (unless you count reflected photons), but is not practical beyond Mars or thereabouts.

      I am sorry for digressing, but I hope you find this helpful.

    10. Re:RTGs by Exawatts · · Score: 1

      I agree with 1) and 2) and your point is well taken, but 3) is a bit off. A typical smoke detector contains 0.2 milligrams of Americium 241 and a radioactivity of about 1 microcurie. The RTGs in Cassini use about 33 kg of Plutonium 238 with a radioactivity of 17.4 curie per gram. Cassini therefore has the radioactivity of 2.87 quadrillion smoke detectors.

  18. Fantasy, not SCIENCE fiction by FreeUser · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Depending upon your point of view, all of the above could be construed as Science Fiction, too.

    I appreciate and agree with the point you're trying to make, but I disagree with your choice of labels. The Bible et. al. might be construed as "Soft-Sci Fi" maybe, but I'd consider including the Bible, the Koran, and the Maya Codex under the heading of "Science Fiction" (of any kind, soft or not) to be a fundamental misuse of the term. Science Fiction is supposed to be fiction based on science, however loosely.

    "Fantasy" would be a more accurate heading for those works, as in "Fantastic Fiction." After all, they include such notions as "magic," "god(s)" etc. that really have no foundation whatsoever in science.

    I've always found it unfortunate that fantasy ("Lord of the Rings" etc.) is grouped with science fiction, as I consider the two genres to be no more alike than Murder Mysteries and Romance (which enjoy their own, seperate sections in the bookstore). This doesn't mean that science fiction and fantasy can't sometimes be combined, just as one can have a romance/mystery novel, but that doesn't change the fact that science fiction and fantasy are fundamentally different, just as mysteries and romance novels are.

    --
    The Future of Human Evolution: Autonomy
    1. Re:Fantasy, not SCIENCE fiction by Drakin · · Score: 1

      Dunno what book stores you shop at (or library you visit) but all the large ones I deal with have Science Fiction and Fantasy in their own areas. Sometimes right next to each other, other times not.

    2. Re:Fantasy, not SCIENCE fiction by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So you're making the point: the library I visit arrange fantasy and sf books next to each other, therefore there's no difference between the genres?

    3. Re:Fantasy, not SCIENCE fiction by NitroWolf · · Score: 1

      Dunno what book stores you shop at (or library you visit) but all the large ones I deal with have Science Fiction and Fantasy in their own areas. Sometimes right next to each other, other times not.

      I dunno what book stores you shop at, but I've never seen one that separates SciFi from Fantasy, much to my chagrin.

      Please... enlighten 99.8% of the US population as to what bookstore is forward thinking enough to separate SciFi from Fantasy, because 99.8% of the bookstores in the US group them together.

    4. Re:Fantasy, not SCIENCE fiction by yammosk · · Score: 1

      Fantasy is a sub-genre of Science Fiction. It contains fictional science. That is the definition of Science Fiction. Magic and trolls and what not do not exist in real life therefore a fictional science needs to be created in order to explain it.

    5. Re:Fantasy, not SCIENCE fiction by JPrice · · Score: 1

      I would agree with you, except that from my experience in bookstores that do make the distinction, it doesn't work out as well as one might like. There are some books that don't obviously fit in one category over the other, but more often the problem is just that the people filing the books either aren't equipped to make the distinction, or don't file things where you think they should be, and you end up looking in two places just to make sure. The worst I've seen is a series of books by Steven Erikson (which would seem to be quite obviously "fantasy", just by glancing at the cover) filed half in the sci-fi section, and half in the fantasy section.

      As someone who reads far more fantasy than sci-fi, I'll gladly tolerate having the two mixed together if I don't have to always check in two places for mis-filed books.

    6. Re:Fantasy, not SCIENCE fiction by DustMagnet · · Score: 1

      I'm just wishing people would learn to separate horror from science fiction. The SciFi channel runs horror shows (like John Edward Crossing Over).

      --
      'SBEMAIL!' is better than a goat!!
    7. Re:Fantasy, not SCIENCE fiction by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

      But does it have a section "Science: A-Z by author"? I used to go to a big B&N that did.

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    8. Re:Fantasy, not SCIENCE fiction by justthisdude · · Score: 1, Funny

      Let us call a spade a spade: the bookstores don't group them as related genres, they group them as books read by uber-nerds. For example, I bet they were sick and tired of know-it-alls like me disputing how they classified each Orson Scott Card novel. On the other hand, If they grouped Sci-fi with Romance novels, I might get a date once in a while....

      --
      "I love his boyish charm, but I hate his childishness" - Leela
    9. Re:Fantasy, not SCIENCE fiction by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Whatever dork

    10. Re:Fantasy, not SCIENCE fiction by The+Famous+Brett+Wat · · Score: 1
      Science Fiction is a sub-category of Fantasy. Actually, it's probably more than one sub-category of fantasy, or a "dimension" of fantasy.

      Fantasy has to do with make-believe realms, like Middle Earth, or Narnia, or Discworld, or The Foundation, or Barsoom. Sometimes the realm is meant to be Earth itself, but not as we know it, such as in Minority Report. In some cases, the fantasy element is so minor that we'd probably classify it as drama rather than fantasy. Movies like Chain Reaction, Enemy of the State, and Mercury Rising have sci-fi elements (fantasy technology), although those fantasy elements aren't too far wide of reality, and only provide a context for the action and drama, which largely centres around people fleeing from powerful and secretive organisations that want to rub them out (in all three cases!).

      Some flavours of sci-fi fantasy are "sci-fi" only because they are futuristic, such as in Star Trek, or set in space, such as Battlestar Galactica. Others, being more at the core of what sci-fi "purists" consider the real deal, are based on "what if" scenarios, such as "what if it were possible to accurately predict long term social trends mathematically?" -- which roughly describes the premise of Asimov's Foundation series. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy goes humorously overboard with "what if" scenarios, rather than sticking to a single one: the guide itself is a "what if", the legend of Magrathea is "what would people buy in an advanced society if they were really rich", the Hagunenons are "what if a species could evolve at whim", the Babel Fish, in addition to being a convenient plot device to avoid language issues, is "what if there existed a naturally occurring universal translator", and so on. The narrative of the Guide itself is the main vehicle for the "what if" scenarios.

      All this leads me to say that all science fiction is fantasy, and all fantasy is fiction, but the converse statements are not true. So although I agree with the parent that fantasy without a science element is not sci-fi, I disagree strongly with the conclusion that "science fiction and fantasy are fundamentally different". Science fiction is a particular kind of fantasy.

      --
      proof, n. A demonstration that a conclusion is implied by certain premises and axioms.
    11. Re:Fantasy, not SCIENCE fiction by linoleo · · Score: 1


      Fantasy is a sub-genre of Science Fiction.

      You have it backwards... fantasy is in fact the encompassing super-category, the grand-daddy of storytelling, since it has the least restrictions placed upon it. As Ursula K. LeGuin's excellent foreword to the Norton Book of Science Fiction points out:

      documentary: things that actually happened
      fiction: things that could well have happened but (incidentally) didn't
      sf - science (or speculative) fiction: things that could happen if X were true (X not impossible)
      fantasy: things that couldn't happen, given the laws of the universe as we understand them

      In short, these four categories ("modes") are the literatures of the actual, plausible, possible, and impossible, respectively. Anything I write is fantasy, but to be considered sf, fiction, or documentary, my writing must pass increasingly stringent tests of plausibility resp. veracity.

      It contains fictional science. That is the definition of Science Fiction.

      A common misconception. Bookstore shelving practices notwithstanding, sf is not a genre (defined by content, such as romance, mystery, horror, etc.) but a mode of literature. The "science" in "science fiction" refers to the literary analog to the scientific method which is employed in the process of writing it: the systematic (quasi-scientific) exploration of the question "what if X were true?" To oversimplify: an sf writer gets to make one crazy (but not impossible) speculative assumption X, then the rest of the story should follow from that by the same rules of plausibility applied to ordinary fiction.

      Just because it has tech/space/future in it doesn't make something sf. In fact, most "popular sf" - Star Trek, Star Wars, Matrix, what have you - is technically fantasy, typically action/adventure/male teen-oriented. I'd call them "science fantasy". Conversely, there are plenty of fantastic (in every sense of the word) sf stories that do not have any tech/space content whatsoever yet are core sf (to give but one example: Tiptree's "Her Smoke Rose Up Forever").

      Magic and trolls and what not do not exist in real life therefore a fictional science needs to be created in order to explain it.

      While some works straddling the fantasy/sf boundary go to great lengths to provide some fictional scientific underpinning to their fantasy trappings (MacCaffrey's Dragonriders of Pern come to mind), this is by no means a requirement for fantasy. What is the fictional science underlying Little Red Riding Hood?

      \end{soapbox}

      --
      Be faithful to your obsessions. Identify them and be faithful to them, let them guide you like a sleepwalker. JG Ballard
    12. Re:Fantasy, not SCIENCE fiction by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just stop talking out your ass, okay?

  19. Attempt no landings there? by HaeMaker · · Score: 3, Insightful

    You guys are missing the point... We receive the warning *after* we attempt to land there with an automated probe.

    I, for one, welcome our new chlorophyll overlords.

    1. Re:Attempt no landings there? by b1t+r0t · · Score: 1

      Hey, I don't care, just as long as they light up Jupiter.

      --

      --
      "Open source is good." - Steve Jobs
      "Open source is evil." - Microsoft
  20. Kill the Shuttle and Build the JIMO by tjstork · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    The Shuttle is a nice toy but JIMO and a nuclear powered spacecraft is clearly the way to go. NASA should kill the Shuttle and build the JIMO.

    --
    This is my sig.
  21. Name It 'The Cortez' by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    C'mon Europe!

    Be proud of your heritage!

  22. Co-operation by MyLongNickName · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I am glad to see cooperation between the two continents. I know it is fashionable to be pro-Europe/Anti-American or Anti-European/Pro-American. However, ultra-nationalism ends up being a detriment to mankind as a whole.

    I hope we continue to build bridges between the continents...

    --
    See my journal for slashdot ID's by year. Mine created in 2005. http://slashdot.org/journal/289875/slashdot-ids-by-year
    1. Re:Co-operation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The more you hate them, the more I like them.

    2. Re:Co-operation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Good reply.

    3. Re:Co-operation by grikdog · · Score: 1

      How about a landfill bridge across the Bering Straits?

      --
      ``Tension, apprehension & dissension have begun!'' - Duffy Wyg&, in Alfred Bester's _The Demolished Man_
    4. Re:Co-operation by Fear+the+Clam · · Score: 1

      I hope we continue to build bridges between the continents...

      I think the airline lobby might have something to say about that.

    5. Re:Co-operation by 3waygeek · · Score: 1

      That'd make this expedition a piece of cake. One of the two expeditioners is a relative.

    6. Re:Co-operation by the+phantom · · Score: 1

      Yeah, but the automobile lobby is bigger and more powerful.

    7. Re:Co-operation by JWW · · Score: 1

      Can you imagine the psychological impact to "Are we there yet?" as you drive to EUROPE!!!???

      The horror!!!

    8. Re:Co-operation by Lovesquid · · Score: 1

      Maybe we could build it right next to the bridge to the 21st century, and save on construction costs.

    9. Re:Co-operation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Good reply

  23. Two big organisations... by bcmm · · Score: 3, Informative

    ESA and NASA have both had their own internal problems with communication and organization (units of measurement; Beagle 2). With both of them cooperating, won't they be almost certain to make a big mistake somewhere?
    I know Europeans use metric :-)

    --
    # cat /dev/mem | strings | grep -i llama
    Damn, my RAM is full of llamas.
    1. Re:Two big organisations... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Nonono! Beagle was a British, not a European project...

    2. Re:Two big organisations... by Rei · · Score: 4, Insightful

      There was with Cassini; Huygens was supposed to enter Titan late last year instead of early this year. They had to delay it because a problem with a radio on Cassini was detected that lied in the firmware (while it was able to handle the Doppler shift of the carrier, it was unable to handle doppler-shifted data due to an oversight in the design). The workaround was, simply, to launch at a trajectory that minimizes the doppler shift, which involved an extra pass around Saturn. Since they had planned the route so well that they had extra fuel on arrival, it didn't shorten the planned mission duration.

      Of course, one major problem that had a workaround, and one minor problem discovered too late (the loss of one channel of Huygens data) in a mission involving several hundred thousand man-hours? Honestly, that's not bad. I wish most programmers I knew tested their code well enough to have such a good record (I mean, that's the equivalent of a KDE-sized project). Because while software errors generally at worst mean you have to restart your program, an error on a spacecraft mission can mean the mission is lost.

      --
      "Here's a fun fact: the moon has turned to blood!" -- Newscaster, "Jesus Christ Supercop"
    3. Re:Two big organisations... by etyam · · Score: 1

      I don't think Beagle 2 was an ESA operation. It was a purely UK try at space glory.

    4. Re:Two big organisations... by eobanb · · Score: 1

      They had to delay it because a problem with a radio on Cassini was detected that lied in the firmware

      Hm, I recall a certain other mission to Jupiter in which a firmware lied about a detected problem with the radio...

      --

      Take off every sig. For great justice.

    5. Re:Two big organisations... by Cryptnotic · · Score: 1
      bash-2.05b# cat /dev/mem | strings | grep -i llama
      Shit, my RAM is full of llamas...

      That's weird. I don't have any llamas on my system. What are you running?

      --
      My other first post is car post.
    6. Re:Two big organisations... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > I know Europeans use metric :-)

      Every single fscking country in the world uses metric except two or three backward nations.

    7. Re:Two big organisations... by bcmm · · Score: 1

      Beagle 2 was transported to Mars on ESA's Mars Express. It was built and funded independently, but they had problems fitting in with ESA's timetable and having it ready in time for ESA to fit it to the orbiter.

      --
      # cat /dev/mem | strings | grep -i llama
      Damn, my RAM is full of llamas.
    8. Re:Two big organisations... by bcmm · · Score: 1

      Linux.
      You do have llamas. You must have them, because you typed that command in. The command line of a running process must be stored in memory.
      You need to be root for this, obviously.

      --
      # cat /dev/mem | strings | grep -i llama
      Damn, my RAM is full of llamas.
    9. Re:Two big organisations... by satellitejockey · · Score: 2, Interesting

      On a mission like this, software testing budgets can easily get larger than software development budgets. If things really get out of hand testing can double development. But it has to be done cause it's hard to fix some things. Although a lot of times patches can be uploaded enroute when a problem is detected. But sometimes we only detect them after it's too late. As in the standard units v. metric units issue and the lander that when kerplunk. Both good lessons in engineering for quality. For this business "quality assurance" really means "stupidity minimization". It's amazing how many dumb things engineers with advanced degrees can do when it's late at night and they've had too much coffee.

    10. Re:Two big organisations... by Cryptnotic · · Score: 1
      Yeah, that makes sense. However, I just get this:
      # cat /dev/mem | strings | grep -i llama
      cat: /dev/mem: Operation not permitted
      And yeah, that's as root. This is using a recent Fedora Core 3 kernel.
      # cat /proc/version
      Linux version 2.6.10-1.766_FC3smp (bhcompile@bugs.build.redhat.com) (gcc version 3.4.2 20041017 (Red Hat 3.4.2-6.fc3)) #1 SMP Wed Feb 9 23:21:37 EST 2005
      There seems to be a problem reading /dev/mem. It doesn't seem to work using dd either:
      # dd if=/dev/mem of=/dev/null
      dd: reading `/dev/mem': Operation not permitted
      2056+0 records in
      2056+0 records out
      So I'm guessing that there's some area of memory that it doesn't seem to want to read, like it's locked even to root or something. This is on a P4 2.6GHz w/ HT.

      --
      My other first post is car post.
    11. Re:Two big organisations... by bcmm · · Score: 1
      Strange. You say a P4. Me too.
      $ cat /proc/version
      Linux version 2.6.10-gentoo-r5 (root@maktaba) (gcc version 3.3.5 (Gentoo Linux 3.3.5-r1, ssp-3.3.2-3, pie-8.7.7.1)) #6 Mon Feb 28 21:02:34 GMT 2005
      $ uname -a
      Linux maktaba 2.6.10-gentoo-r5 #6 Mon Feb 28 21:02:34 GMT 2005 i686 Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 1.60GHz GenuineIntel GNU/Linux
      Maybe it's something about SMP? Or some kind of security feature. Other than being dual-processor (is it dual-processor?) is it basically normal x86 architecture?
      --
      # cat /dev/mem | strings | grep -i llama
      Damn, my RAM is full of llamas.
    12. Re:Two big organisations... by Cryptnotic · · Score: 1

      It's not dual processor, just P4 with HT. I get the same behavior with my Athlon XP machine at home that's also running Fedora Core 3. It must be something in their kernel. The only thing I could think of would be SELinux (Security Enhanced Linux), but I have that disabled. Oh well, it's weird, but I'm not going to worry about it.

      --
      My other first post is car post.
  24. As they say by pavon · · Score: 3, Funny

    Those who ignore the future
    are doomed to prepeat it

  25. Re:Am I reading this correct? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Arthur C. Clarke is a prophet of god. The one true god: Rama!!! After all, he predicted that after 2001 we would have free long distance worldwide. Well? There's IP telelphony taking the world by storm. No charge for long distance calls ever again!!! How dare you blaspheme the great prophet Clarke!!!! May Rama burn your eyes out with plowshears and beat them into swords!!!

  26. Re:Am I reading this correct? by rednip · · Score: 1
    Are there actually people out there that believe this?
    Maybe..., but for the vast majority of us this is what's called a "pop culture reference". Of course you don't have to go much further than L. Ron Hubbard to see the convergance of sci-fi and religion.
    --
    The force that blew the Big Bang continues to accelerate.
  27. Re:Am I reading this correct? by R.Caley · · Score: 4, Funny
    It's not in the Bible.

    How do you know? Perhaps you aren't using the correct translation.

    --
    _O_
    .|<
    The named which can be named is not the true named
  28. Nice domain name by ReverendLoki · · Score: 1

    You know, when I saw a link to an article that is to shed light on the dangers of a trip to Europa, and I saw that the linked domain contains the name "Bowman", I honestly expected the content to be vastly different than that.

    --
    09 F9 11 02 9D 74 E3 5B D8 41 56 C5 63 56 88 C0
  29. Safety by climb_no_fear · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I'm not worried about a couple of kilos of plutonium - I'd be more concerned if they found an independent form of life (probably bacterial-like). Maybe somebody (in a later mission) will want to bring some back. The worst diseases are often those that recently jumped a species barrier (think SARS or AIDS) and haven't had time to coevolve with the host. That might be a good reason to attempt no landings there ...

    1. Re:Safety by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How would an independently evolved form of life cope in any way with a human body?

    2. Re:Safety by the+phantom · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I really don't think that this would be a problem. How well do you think an independently evolved lifeform from Europa would survive at Earth normal temperatures, in a chemical environment that is totally novel? Much less in a human body...

    3. Re:Safety by climb_no_fear · · Score: 1

      They're talking about drilling 20 km down through the ice till they hit water. Liquid water is, even at those pressures, a "reasonable" temperature (greater than -34 C). As for the chemistry, that's anybody's guess, however, life on earth uses both L- (the kind we use) and D-amino acids (mostly antibiotics). See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid

      And it doesn't have to harm us at all. Imagine what would happen if it killed all the phytoplankton in the world's oceans.

      For a phase diagram of H2O see: http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/phase.html

    4. Re:Safety by sofar · · Score: 1


      You should be more worried that your kids will be gay in the future, or that you will be killed by a gun or a drunk driver.

  30. China? by bigattichouse · · Score: 2, Funny

    So, is China building a "space station"? Don't be surprised when you find out its really a ship. (And Shipwrecks some poor chinese scientist on Europa) Oh, Arthur C. Clark must be so proud.

    --
    meh
    1. Re:China? by justthisdude · · Score: 1, Funny

      yes, we must be careful the Chinese don't try to steal a long march on us....

      --
      "I love his boyish charm, but I hate his childishness" - Leela
  31. Not always true... by FreeUser · · Score: 1

    Naaw, Science Fiction is only for entertainment (that occasionally spurs creative application of concepts). The former are all documents which different types mass hysteria are based upon.

    That's a true distinction, most of the time. Unless you're L. Ron Hubbard, in which case at least a portion of your science fiction / fantasy IS intended to befuddle and create mass hysteria.

    --
    The Future of Human Evolution: Autonomy
  32. Re:Hmm... by geomon · · Score: 1

    They will repost the removed articles *twice*.

    That, boys and girls, is how dups are born.

    --
    "Rocky Rococo, at your cervix!"
  33. Doomed to fail. by Lead+Butthead · · Score: 2, Funny

    One phrase: "Metric vs. US customary"

    --
    ELOI, ELOI, LAMA SABACHTHANI!?
    1. Re:Doomed to fail. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      the probe doesn't have to cross a border. customs is not involved.

      try metric vs. SAE instead.

  34. JIMO by EdZ · · Score: 1

    What the hell happened to the JIMO mission?

    1. Re:JIMO by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Just search for JIMO in the article for your answer.
      The Americans had planned to go to Europa independently with their Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (Jimo). But the ambitious project, which would have used a nuclear propulsion system, has been shelved as Nasa re-focuses its budget on a White House initiative that could take humans back to the Moon.
  35. Sharing results by amightywind · · Score: 1, Redundant

    This follows the triumphant Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn's moon Titan.

    The Huygens probe was a technical success. But ESA's handling of the landing event left a lot to be desired. If there is another big mission lets hope that the sharing of initial results with the public is handled more openly.

    --
    an ill wind that blows no good
  36. Some Suggestions by qualico · · Score: 3, Interesting

    "..., I would like deep-penetrating radar"

    I'd like to see a permanent orbiter that can map out the moon in detail first.
    Select a target for something similar to "comet busting".
    Then drop several probes into prime targets.
    Further, lets put some robotics onboard these probes.

    Look at the heavy equipment used in the Huygens probe.
    Albeit its great for durability, there has to be a more compact way to design the connectors.

    Look at these pictures:
    Huygens Internals
    Huygens RS232 Connectors

    Surely you can save space and weight with a more efficient connector than an RS232 jacket.

    Look at how compact electronic devices are.
    Get Sony to help with development.

    Be good for some advertising I'd think.

    1. Re:Some Suggestions by dthx1138 · · Score: 2, Informative

      Yeah, spacecraft design is soooo easy, omg NASA, HPL and the ESA ARE SO RETARDEDZZ!!! They should just put thinkpads on space probes to save weight LOL

      Except no. Please recall:

      1) Cassini was built over 10 years ago
      2) Spacecraft components are not desktop components. They must be more reliable, they must be redundant, and most importantly, (big word): Radiation Hardened, which means that they can withstand more ionizing radiation, and are thus much bigger and more massive.

      --
      I just found the box to change my sig. Um.... [timeless witticism].
    2. Re:Some Suggestions by dthx1138 · · Score: 1

      JPL. fuck.

      --
      I just found the box to change my sig. Um.... [timeless witticism].
    3. Re:Some Suggestions by UnrefinedLayman · · Score: 1

      USB was invented in 1997. Cassini was launched in 1997. What would you use, the proven 20+ year old RS232 technology, or its replacement, USB?

      I'm not saying why they went with what they did, or that there are no other alternatives, but NASA and the ESA probably did what they knew would work, and since they made it there and completed the mission, I'd say it worked.

    4. Re:Some Suggestions by dthx1138 · · Score: 1

      dude, you cannot design a spacecraft like cassini and then launch it in the same year. it was in development since the late 80s. sorry, it doesn't work that way.

      --
      I just found the box to change my sig. Um.... [timeless witticism].
    5. Re:Some Suggestions by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Sony! are you joking.

      firstly, the craft needs to come in on budget.

      And secondly, you wouldn't want it to break after one month.

    6. Re:Some Suggestions by dthx1138 · · Score: 1

      oops. you were backing what i said before, sorry.

      --
      I just found the box to change my sig. Um.... [timeless witticism].
    7. Re:Some Suggestions by qualico · · Score: 1

      If you think RS232 is the future of spacecraft and probe design, then I'd have to say your very narrow minded.

      My point is simply this:
      Integrate and condense; you'll come in on budget with more gear to ride the rocket IMHO.

      If you read the entire message you'd have seen the "Albeit" caveat.
      I didn't think I had to point out the obvious need for "hardening" the electronics in the rigors of space exploration.
      It certainly doesn't mean you can't improve and shrink probe design.

    8. Re:Some Suggestions by CaptainAvatar · · Score: 1

      No, the point is, you don't seem to realise that space probe designers aren't already concerned with saving every miligram, when in fact they are. Some random slashdot user coming along and saying "hey guys, why don't you use smaller components" is not going to revolutionise spacecraft design, because it's so incredibly obvious that it's not worth mentioning.

      --
      The real Captain Avatar is a fictional character, so I suppose he doesn't mind if I impersonate him.
    9. Re:Some Suggestions by qualico · · Score: 1

      I "obviously" disagree.
      If they were concerned about saving every mil"l"igram then why does the probe look like the inside of 8086?
      Space hardening and 1980 technology? blah!
      They strapped the thing to a converted ballistic missile for crying out loud.

      AND if you recall, the probe was *not* as successful as it could have been.
      Remember the Doppler shifting problem or the Chan A loss?

      My point is, if we are going to do this again, let's evolve the technology and get more bang for our buck using more integration and miniaturization.

      Hell, Dell does it successfully. (well sort of :-> )

    10. Re:Some Suggestions by CaptainAvatar · · Score: 1
      Dell can send a service engineer out to fix their products if they fail. JPL can't. See the problem? Reliability is more important than speed or even mass.

      Yes. They had some failures as it was. How does that equate to making it sensible to use bleeding edge technology that may be even less reliable?

      They strapped the thing to a converted ballistic missile for crying out loud.

      WTF? Do you think it had the coordinates for Moscow still programmed into it or something? Titan IV is the biggest expendable launcher the US has. What exactly is the problem with using this?

      My point is, if we are going to do this again, let's evolve the technology and get more bang for our buck using more integration and miniaturization.

      And my point is, duh, they already do that. I don't know why you think they don't. If they were building Cassini today it would have more up to date technology. It's just never going to be as l33+ as your water-cooled Athlon 64 box crammed full of nice shiny bleeding edge tech. But I'll tell you what, it will run for far longer and much more reliably, and will be far more useful. So don't knock it.

      --
      The real Captain Avatar is a fictional character, so I suppose he doesn't mind if I impersonate him.
    11. Re:Some Suggestions by qualico · · Score: 1

      "Dell can send a service engineer out to fix their products if they fail. JPL can't"

      Put a repair robot on the thing then.
      AND for heavens sakes put flashable ROM on everything.
      Why is it I have to solve all the problems of the Universe?

      "Reliability is more important than speed or even mass."

      So you're saying that reliability can not be built into integration and miniaturization?
      Come on!

      "Titan IV is the biggest expendable launcher the US has. What exactly is the problem with using this?"

      Nothing if you don't care about every milligram.

      "But I'll tell you what, it will run for far longer and much more reliably, and will be far more useful. So don't knock it."

      Are you speaking hypothetically that it will be better in the future?
      Cause if you are, that's my point exactly, if they diverge away from RS232 jackets in probes of the past.

      That Huygens mission cost almost 1$ per km.
      If we want more useful missions, we need to get that cost under control or you can forget about sending anything human into the future.

    12. Re:Some Suggestions by CaptainAvatar · · Score: 1
      Put a repair robot on the thing then.

      Oh, I'm sorry, I thought we were talking about reality, not science fiction. There is no such thing as a "repair robot". You want to save mass and money, and yet here you are saying they should develop some incredibly costly, massive and complicated robot able to fix all the varied problems that can crop up, presumably carrying a store of spare parts too. Oh, not to mention the repair robot for the repair robot. Hmm. Here's a better idea: build the space probe so that it is less likely to fail in the first place, and use all that mass you've saved for more science. Brilliant!

      AND for heavens sakes put flashable ROM on everything.

      They've been able to reprogram these things for decades now - at least since Pioneer 10 and 11.

      Why is it I have to solve all the problems of the Universe??

      This is my point. Why do you think you can? Everything you have come up with is either already being done, or there are good reasons why they aren't. Yet you think you're some genius who can come along without knowing anything about the field and tell the professional engineers what exactly they are doing wrong.

      So you're saying that reliability can not be built into integration and miniaturization? Come on!

      I am not saying that at all. I am saying it is a long, costly process making such components ready for use in space missions. You can't just slap together off the shelf components and expect it to reliably operate in space. Just because you find this hard to understand does mean it isn't so.

      "Titan IV is the biggest expendable launcher the US has. What exactly is the problem with using this?"

      Nothing if you don't care about every milligram.

      WTF? Titan IV is a BIG rocket. It can carry MORE stuff into space than smaller rockets. That means the probes it sends can carry MORE stuff. More science packages, more redundant systems. More room for your imaginary repair robot.

      It has MORE milligrams this way. Now, I will ask again: how EXACTLY is this a bad thing?

      Are you speaking hypothetically that it will be better in the future? Cause if you are, that's my point exactly, if they diverge away from RS232 jackets in probes of the past.

      I'm speaking about right now, or are you going to claim your PC is doing more useful work than Cassini? Can it operate for 8 years in the depths of space without any critical failures? I didn't think so. I'm also speaking about the future, but my point is this is already normal procedure. It's not as if the guys at JPL are reading this and going "omfg! qualico is so rite y r we stil using rs232???? he is so l33+!!!!!!!1" RS232 will be abandoned when there is a reliable, well-understood replacement that can do the same job. And for all I know, already has been. (Cassini was launched 8 years ago, so it began construction over 10 years ago, and was probably designed closer to 15 years ago. So we're talking early 1990s, maybe even late 1980s.)

      That Huygens mission cost almost 1$ per km. If we want more useful missions, we need to get that cost under control or you can forget about sending anything human into the future.

      Like I said, the technology will improve, but - why do I have to keep saying this? - it will lag behind your desktop tech for very good reasons. Get over it.

      --
      The real Captain Avatar is a fictional character, so I suppose he doesn't mind if I impersonate him.
    13. Re:Some Suggestions by qualico · · Score: 1

      Ya your right.
      I'm wrong.

      Go collect your hero biscuit now.

      [troll filters on]
      [guy who argues for the sake of arguing filters on]
      [guy with no forward thinking but somehow has an interest in astronomy filters on]
      [guy with absolutely zero positive input into a discussion filters on]
      [First guy to be added to my foe list on]

    14. Re:Some Suggestions by CaptainAvatar · · Score: 1

      If using logic in a slashdot post and having the ability to read and respond to the other persons points somehow makes me a troll, then I'm proud to be called one.

      --
      The real Captain Avatar is a fictional character, so I suppose he doesn't mind if I impersonate him.
  37. Jar-Jar writes headlines? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Esa Nasa gonna takea all gungans to Europra, Anni?

  38. I disagree with your definition & your conclus by FreeUser · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Fantasy is a sub-genre of Science Fiction. It contains fictional science. That is the definition of Science Fiction. Magic and trolls and what not do not exist in real life therefore a fictional science needs to be created in order to explain it.

    That is really stretching the definitions of both magic and science beyond the breaking point. By that definition religion creates fictional science to explain things, which is nonsense. Whether they are truthful or not, religions are not science. Whether magical worlds can be articulated that are perfectly self-consistent (they can, at least to the "dust-mote" level) or not, magic is not science...though as Arthur C. Clark did point out, a sufficiently advanced technology will be indistinguishable from science. But that refers to our inability to comprehend, not a fundamental legitimacy of magic as science.

    In any event, most fantasy never tries to explain why magic works, and that that does, generally doesn't do so with any semblance of science, Robert Shea's adventures being a notable exception. Which doesn't disprove my point: a few science fiction/fantasy crossover novels that blend the two does not two disparate genres unify, any more than romance and horror are one and the same simply because a few novels have been written that incorporate elements of both.

    --
    The Future of Human Evolution: Autonomy
  39. ObCartman by sharkey · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    Goddammit, I didn't get an anal probe!!

    --

    --
    "Outlook not so good." That magic 8-ball knows everything! I'll ask about Exchange Server next.
  40. Re:I disagree with your definition & your conc by Hognoxious · · Score: 1
    That is really stretching the definitions of both magic and science beyond the breaking point.
    How so, they're the same thing.
    --
    Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
  41. Nitpick... by zarr · · Score: 1
    a sufficiently advanced technology will be indistinguishable from science.

    The correct quote is "Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic", but I guess we all knew that...

  42. DepthX autonomous submarine by FleaPlus · · Score: 4, Informative

    This reminds me of the DepthX submarine which was described in a recent issue of Wired. The probe would drop down, melt through the ice, and then autonomously search for hydrothermal activity on the sea floor.

    The group working on it is currently putting together a version to explore and search for life in a rather hostile water-filled cave in Mexico. They've got a progress report here, with many details and pictures.

    Some other links related to a Europa probe:

    http://www.tsgc.utexas.edu/archive/design/europa/
    http://www.cosmographica.com/gallery/portfolio/por tfolio351/pages/352-EuropaProbe.htm (neat painting)
    http://www.cascadia.ctc.edu/facultyweb/instructors /jvanleer/astro%20sum01/astro101/missions_to_europ a.htm
    http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20021102/fob3r ef.asp

    Scientific articles:

    The Challenge of Landing on Europa
    Possible ecosystems and the search for life on Europa
    others

  43. Re:Am I reading this correct? by blackomegax · · Score: 1

    you havnt read the bible till you've read it translated to japanese and back to english via babelfish.

  44. inch vs. centimeters by vvaduva · · Score: 3, Funny

    As long as they bring their measurements tables with them, I don't foresee any problems. heheh

  45. The intent of the work by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The science fiction works author's intent is verifiable and the author hjimselfs admits and claims it to be fiction.

    This is not true for the other books.

    1. Re:The intent of the work by Retric · · Score: 1

      The science fiction works author's intent is verifiable and the author hjimselfs admits and claims it to be fiction.

      This is not true for the other books.


      So things are Science fiction and not religious texts because we know the authors' intent was to produce fiction. Hmm, that sounds about right I think the authors knowingly created fiction, but because I don't know that I should treat them as holy works. Ok, I get it now and while I still think it's stupid at least it makes sense...

      Sort of.

  46. This just in... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    Europa is full of stars.

  47. To Revise by Spencerian · · Score: 1

    It's more like "Those who post on Slashdot are doomed to repeat it."

    "It" being the same damned joke over and over.

    It's like I'm in some bad "Star Trek" meets "Doctor Who" meets "2010" time travel episode or something...

    "All these worlds" my ass.
    How about, "All my fists are yours in the face, except my foot, which has attempted a landing in your ass."

    [awaiting judges' score for best turn-of-phrase]

    --
    Vos teneo officium eram periculosus ut vos recipero is.
  48. Re:Am I reading this correct? by meringuoid · · Score: 1
    Science Fiction is only for entertainment (that occasionally spurs creative application of concepts). The former are all documents which different types mass hysteria are based upon.

    Unless you're Orson Welles, in which case a suitable presentation of an SF classic certainly can produce mass hysteria...

    --
    Real Daleks don't climb stairs - they level the building.
  49. Re:European and Americans agreed... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'm sure Uranus could use a good vacuuming from time to time, being so difficult to reach and all.

  50. Easy enough... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    European Space Agency and NASA are in the early planning stages of an automated joint mission to Europa

    Duh! The Esa is there already. Talking of unfair competition...

  51. What about the conditions at Europa? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Looks like Europa is covered with snow at the moment. Remember to bring a snow shovel! :-)

    1. Re:What about the conditions at Europa? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      when going somewhere new, don't forget to bring a towel!

      u guys wanna get high?

  52. Re:I disagree with your definition & your conc by yammosk · · Score: 1

    In any event, most fantasy never tries to explain why magic works, and that that does, generally doesn't do so with any semblance of science, Robert Shea's adventures being a notable exception. Which doesn't disprove my point: a few science fiction/fantasy crossover novels that blend the two does not two disparate genres unify, any more than romance and horror are one and the same simply because a few novels have been written that incorporate elements of both.

    That is not the point at all. Science Fiction is technically any story that has any elements that cannot be explained in our understanding of science. Hence, they only way to resolve it is by changing or adding to that understanding. Does the author have to explicitly say that he has created a fiction scientific unverse? No, often it is quite obvious. Magic, whether you call it technology or not doesn't matter, is not supported by our view of science. Therefore it is a fictional universe based on fictional science.

    Many books/films/stories which are considered SciFi never explain how anything works (Firefly, War of the Worlds, Stranger in a Strange Land) but they are SciFi still. Science Fiction is an extremely broad topic and has many sub-genres which is why they are usually seperated out in bookstores to make organizing and finding things easier.

  53. Only on Wikipedia... by alerante · · Score: 1

    Now who's the evil, evil, evil person that edited the section heading to both a) conform to the Wikipedia Manual of Style and b) break the in-page link at the beginning of the article?

  54. Mission to Europe? by Terrasque · · Score: 0

    So they've finally given up finding intelligent life in America, eh?

    --
    It's The Golden Rule: "He who has the gold makes the rules."
  55. where is that quote from? by alarch · · Score: 1

    all ... except europa ? where it is from?

    --
    Deliriant isti Americani.
    1. Re:where is that quote from? by The+Angry+Mick · · Score: 2, Informative
      2010 by Arthur C. Clarke.

      Its a final transmission/warning from Jupiter just after the monolith converts the planet into a new star, with all of the Jovian moons becoming new planets for mankind to explore and colonize:

      "All these worlds are yours except Europa. Attempt no landings there."

      The last scenes of the movie were pretty cool, too.

      --

      I'm not tense. I'm just terribly, terribly, alert.

    2. Re:where is that quote from? by 00Sovereign · · Score: 1

      It's from the book "2010" by Arthur C. Clarke.

      --
      "Me fail English, that's unpossible." --Ralphie
  56. Those who understand get off easy by CarpetShark · · Score: 1

    No, it's just that some of us can't learn from 2001/2010 because they never made any damned sense to us :) Best I got out of those films was a good "I'm sorry Dave, I'm afraid I can't do that." sample for errors, and my first exposure to the word "monolith" :)

  57. Double standards by stud9920 · · Score: 0

    When was the last time the Europeans helped us send a ship to America ?

  58. Male genitalia by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The fact that average joe clueless still thinks that space should be one huge dick size comparison is a big part of what's preventing us from doing truly collaborative big science missions on a regular basis and reaping the scientific knowledge just waiting to be taken from such missions.

    Well...to be honest, it is "Joe Clueless"'s tax dollars that are being spent on space research. And, honestly, pride is just about the only return that he's likely to get out of it (and perhaps a couple of those false-color artworks that NASA churns out for general consumption). He's not going to get a cure for cancer, a faster modem, or simply a bigger TV out of it.

    Before you scorn Joe Clueless, remember that you are trying to ride a vast mass of him and his fellows and convince them to give you enough to do your work. That's man-hours of his life working over a hot grease pit at a burger joint that you're taking away. Don't begrudge him the penis-measuring that is the only real compensation that you are giving back to him.

  59. europa lander will have to be unbelievably tough.. by bani · · Score: 1

    a spacecraft on the surface will have to survive ~3.2 million rads/day. the galileo and cassini probes have survived short term exposures of that magnitude but they almost always got messed up pretty good (safemode at the least, permanent damage of instruments at the worst).

    anything built for a surface mission would have to be unbelievably radiation hardened compared to any spacecraft flown so far.

    i think it's safe to say there will be no manned europa missions for the forseeable future :-)

    for any long term surface mission (more than say, 30 days) you would definitely want to burrow under the ice.

  60. Phobos by TomRC · · Score: 1


    They ought to go to Phobos instead, and see if it has enough hydrogen (ideally water ice) and carbon to supply fuel for a cheaper and safer variant on Mars Direct.

  61. Re:Am I reading this correct? by VanillaCoke420 · · Score: 1

    More like fantasy. The science in the Bible is simply awful and not realistic at all.

  62. Not a very thorough reader, are you by FreeUser · · Score: 1

    That is really stretching the definitions of both magic and science beyond the breaking point.

    How so, they're the same thing.


    At which point you stopped reading and shut off your brain. Had you continued reading the very same paragraph, you would have seen:

    magic is not science...though as Arthur C. Clark did point out, a sufficiently advanced technology will be indistinguishable from science. But that refers to our inability to comprehend, not a fundamental legitimacy of magic as science.

    Arthur C. Clark's "law" refers to limitations in our perceptions and abilities to understand a sufficiently advanced technology. It does not, and never has, implied that hocus pocus equals science.

    --
    The Future of Human Evolution: Autonomy
    1. Re:Not a very thorough reader, are you by Hognoxious · · Score: 1
      At which point you stopped reading and shut off your brain.
      And the same to you, and the horse you rode in on.
      Arthur C. Clark's "law" refers to limitations in our perceptions and abilities to understand a sufficiently advanced technology. It does not, and never has, implied that hocus pocus equals science.
      How do you know, are you him[1]?

      P.S. WHOOOOSH.

      [1] If so, you're a kiddy-fiddling pervert.

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
  63. Hello Dave by HAL9000UIUC.EDU · · Score: 1

    I'm sorry Dave; I can't allow you to do that. No really Dave, the monolith thing? - not kidding... You really do not want to piss off what lives beneath the ice.

  64. JIMO is shelved by linoleo · · Score: 1


    What the hell happened to the JIMO mission?

    Allow me to quote: linoleo's Recent Submissions

    Title / Datestamp

    NASA axes Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter / Wed February 09, 1:53 / Rejected

    It all happened on the sly, tucked away as a side note to the decision to deorbit Hubble. NASA has sunk to new lows. (So has Slashdot for rejecting the story. And for making me reformat the above to defeat their lame lameness filter. Why the fsck is whitespace considered a 'junk' character? Bah.)

    --
    Be faithful to your obsessions. Identify them and be faithful to them, let them guide you like a sleepwalker. JG Ballard