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From the Tesla Motors website: "As we at Tesla reach for our goal of producing a mass market electric car in approximately three years, we have an opportunity to leverage our projected demand for lithium ion batteries to reduce their cost faster than previously thought possible.... By the end of the first year of volume production of our mass market vehicle, we expect the Gigafactory will have driven down the per kWh cost of our battery pack by more than 30 percent."

No, that's not the future performance of their next iteration of superchargers, it's the actual performance of their current superchargers. They've got more than 150 of them now.

While perhaps to be taken with a pinch of salt - http://www.teslamotors.com/en_... - with the larger battery - at 65MPH claims to get 261 miles. To get a Tesla to 350 miles needs an extra 30kWh of battery - about 120kg at the same performance as the existing battery. This will easily fit in the trunk.

Better yet, pull the seats and anything else you don't need out of the car and try. The big battery gets 306 miles (492km) out of a 4600+ lb vehicle so getting an extra 8km isn't going to be that hard, even if it was 80km I think it could be done without modifying the production car much at all. This "record" is laughable. The only reason Tesla doesn't have it is that they don't care about non-practical applications of electric vehicles, it would seem. Elon has a rocket company for going farther, faster.

While perhaps to be taken with a pinch of salt - http://www.teslamotors.com/en_... - with the larger battery - at 65MPH claims to get 261 miles.
To get a Tesla to 350 miles needs an extra 30kWh of battery - about 120kg at the same performance as the existing battery.
This will easily fit in the trunk.

Why the hell is Texas in the running? I mean, it makes perfect sense to reward a state that makes it as difficult as possible to sell a vehicle with Tesla's sales model.

Didn't Tesla get a massive loan from the government to fund their development? One they paid back early?

Oh right:

http://www.teslamotors.com/abo...

> Uber and Tesla Motors, blazing-hot start-ups that have been opposed at every turn by protectionist regulators

Every Tesla vehicle comes with a minimum of $7,500 subsidy from the federal government plus a bunch of state government subsidies like $2,500 and single-driver privileges in HOV lanes in California. They are the last company that should be laying claim to libertarian ideals.

In 2013 the Tesla S scored a Vehicle Safety Score (VSS) better than any other vehicle tested including every major make and model approved for sale in the US. It exceeded not only all other sedans, but all SUVs and minivans. In side pole intrusion, it was the only one scoring "good", night-and-day far better than the the Volvo S60.

If Roger Rodas had been driving a Tesla instead of a Porsche, maybe he and Paul Walker would still be alive. For one thing the car would not have burst into a raging inferno while Paul was stunned by the collision.

Service locations then...

http://www.teslamotors.com/ser...

It looks like Tesla "ranger visit" is $100 per trip with the service plan, presumably since it's not explained on the page a "ranger" is someone who comes to you, like AAA, only Tesla.

http://www.teslamotors.com/it_...

I agree, they are not expensive for what they are. But they are far from mass market so far.

1. Unlatch side battery door.

2. Slide out weak battery.

3. Slide in fresh battery.

That's 30 seconds tops.

You realize that most electric cars have a substantial battery pack. If it was as simple as opening the hood and removing a simple battery, don't you think somebody would have thought of that before you?

http://www.teslamotors.com/bat...

Somebody did. Granted, it takes 3x that 30 seconds.

That's comparing apples with oranges. NASCAR can fill a tank much quicker than the gas pump, so sure, if you want to drive up to their charging station and the attendant is standing there waiting with your battery and you does, you can get it done that quick for the right price. For the right price, you can also get it set up to be able to pull in and drive off in less time than that, including changing your tires out.

1. Unlatch side battery door.

2. Slide out weak battery.

3. Slide in fresh battery.

That's 30 seconds tops.

You realize that most electric cars have a substantial battery pack. If it was as simple as opening the hood and removing a simple battery, don't you think somebody would have thought of that before you?

http://www.teslamotors.com/bat...

Somebody did. Granted, it takes 3x that 30 seconds.

The UAW wants Tesla to join their union. And NADA wants Tesla to join their union. Tesla doesn't want to play ball. So the unions are flexing it's muscle to make Teslas join their unions. Really guys, it's that simple. It has nothing to do with the fact their car is electric. Seriously, just google for `tesla car union` and you'll find stories about the UAW. http://insideevs.com/uaw-looks... http://www.teslamotors.com/sv_...

Well, here's the current map of superchargers: http://www.teslamotors.com/sup...

So unless my plans coincided with that map, I would still take a gasoline fueled vehicle. But like I said, that range isn't a deal-killer for me, personally, because I have the option to take a second vehicle. But I don't represent the majority of the people, and the majority of the people don't plan their routes around charging stations, and given that we're talking "wide acceptance" I would presume that means something that is useful (in the context of this type of travel) for the majority of the users.

Actually looking at the current supercharger map, I think I would take a Tesla on a previous road trip I've made. I could have made that supercharger map. A couple of spotty areas, but doable. For me, a very small portion of potential road trippers on a specific route.

I'm not trying to hate on Tesla. Like I said in the parent, shiny, want. But my circumstances support it and I'm not egocentric enough to think that what's good enough for me is good enough for everyone else.

Uh, Tesla wouldn't be making anything cheaper for consumers. They'd Apple it up and charge comparatively more, while keeping all the profits to themselves.

A Fair Price
http://www.teslamotors.com/blog/fair-price

Below is the exact math for 734k CNY [Chinese Yuan]:
$81,070 US price
$3,600 Shipping & handling
$19,000 Customs duties & taxes
$17,700 VAT
734k CNY @ 6.05 exchange rate

This pricing structure is something of a risk for Tesla, but we want to do the right thing for Chinese consumers. If we were to follow standard industry practice, we could get away with charging twice as much for the Model S in China as we do in the US. But we're doing things differently, even if it means that some people might look at the price and mistakenly think it must somehow mean the Model S has less value than its competitors.

Tesla already had the opportunity to "Apple it up" and chose not to.

1) I need a car that will do 80 consecutive miles without a charge.
2) I need a car that can go 300 or 400 miles - in whatever manner.

That means one of three things:

1) A rapid charge after 80 miles (sub 15 minutes)
2) One of those sweet-looking NASCAR-esque battery swaps that Tesla does, or
3) A hybrid

It also has to hit a reasonable price point to make it comparable to an efficient gasoline burner, i.e. sub-$45,000.

Less than 80 consecutive miles and my initial purchase cost is no longer offset by the fuel savings. Less than a 400-mile trip and I have to own a second car for business trips. Both of these are show-stoppers for me, and anyone else who has any sort of reasonable daily work commute.

If Tesla can achieve their goal of making a car for $35,000 - I'm in. If I can get a plug-in hybrid with a battery pack that will go 80 miles, I'm in. Until then, I'm stuck with high-MPG gas burners - which for the time being are still more cost efficient over their life span.

Though ideologically, even at a higher price point, I'd be more than happy to stop purchasing gas, even at a higher overall cost. I'm just waiting for someone to make a practical vehicle that will let me do just that.

Try a Tesla roadster.

Nobody wants to go to North Dakota or Mississippi anyway.
Actually, the current map doesn't cover a good part of the deep South or most of northern Tea-bag-anistan. But it does cover the important (sic) parts of Texas, WTF.

Keep watching - http://www.teslamotors.com/blo...

I'd say he didn't quite reach the goal of delivering the Model S at 1/2 the price of the Roadster and I expect the Gen III might be higher priced than his target as well.
Which will be a problem for him since Mercedes, BMW are delivering at $40k and the Chevy Volt will have a new model before then.

Why? The Super-chargers are currently free to use. Allegedly they will always be free.

So Musk isn't loosing any money "at the pump." Anyone who makes their own super-charger stations can't really undercut his price.

On the flip side, the more super-charger stations that spring up, the more comfortable people are in buying his car, which is where he's actually making money.

Sure, eventually another electric car company might spring up and make use of his Super-chargers ... but balance that potential loss against the gain above, and he's probably still coming out in the black.

Impossible with fixed lithium batteries?

I guess the Tesla Model S's batteries aren't 'fixed' then.

I know this is a joke, but seriously I think our houses are much more efficient that it used to be. I have no idea how much an old tube TV cost to run, but the new 40" tvs are rated at about $10 a year. ... So really as we move to solid state we are going to increasingly see significant reduction in electricity usage, of course offset by more technology.

Yes, that was Jon's point, and it has been observed by economists as the Jevons paradox. As we get greater efficiency, we use more. An old TV was terribly inefficient, but you generally had only the one, and it wasn't running all day. Now, a typical house has a TV in every inhabited room.

The real fun will begin if electric cars and distributed renewable energy become popular. Then household electricity consumption trends could become extremely nonlinear for a while.

Assuming the figures from GP are correct, let's do the math:

A Tesla sells for $73,570 with a 25% margin, meaning it costs 0.75 * 73,570 = 55,178 (rounding up).

A Fiat 500e sells for $32,650 (per the summary), and loses $14k per car (per the CEO), making it costs 32,650+14,000 = 46,650

I don't see a good reason why the 500e cost is as close to the Tesla as what it is, given the vast disparity in specs:

• Horsepower: 111 (Fiat) vs.310 (Tesla)
• Battery: 24kWh (Fiat) vs. 85kWh (Tesla)
• Range: 87mi (Fiat) vs 265mi (Tesla)

Fiat engineers either suck or the company is dragging their feet so they can whine about being victimized by the evil emissions standards.

Tesla claims an overall efficiency of 88% for their cars, from grid to wheels.

The third link is probably the best one. It is a report from the Seattle fire department which you give no credibility to where a firefighter was almost killed when a CNG Honda Civic exploded. The tank was blown 95 feet from the vehicle which was completely destroyed, turned into an almost unrecognizable twisted piece of scrap metal. Shrapnel was blown 100' in all directions including on an overpass above the incident. The rear bumper frame was blown 90 feet away from the car.

The bus is another good example. If it had been a diesel or gasoline powered vehicle the results would have been far less interesting. If the bus were next to some other structure then the results would be far worse (think downtown Manhattan, San Francisco or any other big city).

Unlike natural gas and most gases, hydrogen actually heats up when it leaks and can spontaneously combust due to the negative Joule-Thomson coefficient (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H... and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J... ). It takes very little energy to ignite it such that it can ignite from even sunlight ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H... ).

When a lot of these vehicles age they will leak and they will catch fire but the results are far worse than a gasoline or diesel car catching fire. I have some personal experience with this. My father has an old LPG powered vehicle. On a couple of occasions it had developed leaks which required airing out the garage after making sure the tank was empty in order to repair it. LPG is far easier to handle than CNG or hydrogen since the pressures involved are far lower. In this case the leaks were relatively slow.

Fires are caused by many reasons other than fuel, including electrical fires and arson. If the tank heats up the gas expands and has to go somewhere. In the case of the bus a valve opened to vent it. In the case of the Civic it just exploded.

The video from Iran is also what one could expect if joe-public were dealing with poorly maintained aging CNG or hydrogen cars.

Unlike natural gas, hydrogen rises so if the vehicle is in an enclosed space when it leaks it requires a far smaller leak than say methane which will evenly diffuse through the atmosphere. Also, natural gas has an odorant to alert people of its presence. You can't do that with hydrogen. Hydrogen is far more likely to leak than CNG and in fact is often used in testing seals for leaks since it will seep through any crack or opening. CNG tanks are also kept at a lower pressure than what is required for hydrogen since hydrogen has such poor energy density compared to CNG (See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F... ).

Gasoline and diesel are fairly tame. Gasoline cars don't explode, even if you torch the gas tank. Gasoline requires a very limited set of conditions in order to detonate. Hydrogen has a much wider window of mixtures with which it will burn and detonate. It will burn with anywhere from 4 to 74% concentrations, one of the widest ranges of any gas. It burns extremely hot with a nearly invisible flame.

As for the Tesla fires, those are basically a non-issue and the chance of a fire has since been minimized (see http://www.teslamotors.com/blo... ). A battery is simply incapable of exploding and the fires were all rather slow burning. The interior of the vehicles was never burned and in all cases the cause was due to a collision with a rather sizeable object, the last being that the car went 110MPH through a concrete wall and hit several trees. Everyone walked away without serious injury. Compare this to the gasoline car fire I saw a year ago that took place, ironically enough, on the side of the freeway in front of the Tesla factor

Yes.

The energy costs are probably almost non-existent compared to the installation costs for the superchargers (IIRC, many or all of them need dedicated substations), Tesla has a lot of room to play with because of how expensive their cars are, and it's a nice sales draw to say "hey you don't even have to worry about the hassle of paying."

Rules of thumb that seem to be used in connection with Tesla is 90% efficiency battery to engine, and 90% efficiency engine to road, for ~80% efficiency battery to road. Then regenerative braking goes through that twice: once from road into battery and once back from the battery down into the road, and so gets 80% x 80% = ~60% efficiency overall for regenerative braking.

http://www.teslamotors.com/blo...

"Each solar power system is designed to generate more energy from the sun over the course of a year than is consumed by Tesla vehicles using the Supercharger. This results in a slight net positive transfer of sunlight generated power back to the electricity grid."
http://www.teslamotors.com/abo...

Likewise, it matters how many adults can be comfortably seated. I suspect that I, as a pretty tall guy, could very comfortably sit in the back seat of a Model S, even with tall front-seat occupants with the seats back. (That said, the specs aren't that different, with the BMW having more headroom: http://www.teslamotors.com/mod... vs. http://buyersguide.caranddrive... ).

As usual, though, apples and oranges!

As long as you can prove that your replacement tires meet or exceed all standards, you're golden. Good luck!

Again, that's incorrect. Go read the law. The mfgr can only deny warranty claims directly related to the replacement part. They can't deny a warranty claim on, for instance, a defective sunroof mechanism because you installed tires that didn't meet OEM specs. And a claim that non-OEM tires somehow caused a problem somewhere else in the car would be very hard to convince any court (most likely, such a thing would go to small claims court, if under $5k). This isn't quite the case for something engine-related, but even here it's been commonplace for people to use non-OEM filters (e.g. Fram) and such for many decades. It's extremely rare that mfgrs or dealers try to deny warranty claims when non-OEM parts are used, unless they're absolutely sure the non-OEM part really did cause the problem and they can prove it. I do remember reading of a case of some guy with a Dodge Neon having engine problems, where Chrysler sent out an engineering team to look at the car (after the dealership mechanics gave up), and found that he had installed "Nology" spark plug cables which were definitively causing the problem, and billed him for the expense of sending a team. (This was internet lore so I can't vouch for its accuracy.)

As for TPMS, Here's a bunch of Tesla owners talking about the issue. Regular tire shops can handle the sensors (though replacements do seem to be pricey); normal TPMSes already sit behind the valve stem. The problem is reprogramming; it looks like a visit might be necessary to recode the car to see them, but Tesla says they're working (as of 2013) a way for owners to do that themselves. I imagine the issue is fixed by now.

Ah, here it is straight from the horse's mouth: http://www.teslamotors.com/ser...
Pay $2400 for four years and you get unlimited valet service, and all consumables (brake pads, tires, fluids, etc) are included in the price and checked/replaced at the yearly appointment. Considering the price bracket and bleeding-edge nature of the vehicle, it's not unreasonable, but does add to the cost.

Ah, ok. The original article I saw it in didn't make it clear that it included all consumables - it kind of sounded like your normal annual servicing charge (which would usually cover oil, except there's no oil, spark plugs, except there's no spark plugs... :)

Ah, here it is straight from the horse's mouth: http://www.teslamotors.com/ser... Pay $2400 for four years and you get unlimited valet service, and all consumables (brake pads, tires, fluids, etc) are included in the price and checked/replaced at the yearly appointment. Considering the price bracket and bleeding-edge nature of the vehicle, it's not unreasonable, but does add to the cost.

Umm, yes. They have won suits in New York, Washington, Massachussets, and Ohio, to name a few. Not all of those rulings were permanent, but this map is pretty recent.

There are gas stations all over the place. Driving down the interstate in the US, every exit has at least 2 gas stations. So, if one isn't paying attention and the low fuel light comes on, it's no buggy.

With an electric, I'm gonna have to really pay attention and make sure I know where the charging stations are - Walgreens in my case.

And, I can fill up in 5 minutes and be able to drive another 300 miles in my Civic.

With charging, I will have to plan on hanging out for what? About 4 hours?

Shit!

A good chunk of the day, the car is down charging.

When they can get 300 miles and a charging time of less than an hour, then I will think of electric cars.

Actually it does. According to this thread http://www.teslamotors.com/for... Tesla will replace it if the capacity drops below 70%. People have already hit 75,000 miles and are reporting only a few % loss in capacity.

The plan is to produce enough Gigawatt-hours of cells & packs to supply ~500,000 Tesla vehicles, which is their planned or estimated annual sales by 2020 ( quite ambitious but doable ), hence the name, cooler-sounding and much shorter than (multi-)Gigawatt-hour-battery-factory

http://www.teslamotors.com/sit...

An electric car is pretty much a write off the moment you drive one off the lot.

I suggest you try searching for used Model S prices, before just offering your reasoned-out guess as fact. Year-old vehicles are going for incredibly close to retail. So much so that it doesn't make sense to sell back to Tesla at their Best Resale Value Guarantee, which assures that the depreciation is going to be less than equivalent BMW, Audi, Mercedes, Lexus or Jaguar vehicles.

And there is a very good reason for that: electric motors are FAR LESS susceptible to breaking, than a ICE+drivetrain.

An electric car is pretty much a write off the moment you drive one off the lot.

I suggest you try searching for used Model S prices, before just offering your reasoned-out guess as fact. Year-old vehicles are going for incredibly close to retail. So much so that it doesn't make sense to sell back to Tesla at their Best Resale Value Guarantee, which assures that the depreciation is going to be less than equivalent BMW, Audi, Mercedes, Lexus or Jaguar vehicles.

"Lotus chassis"? Are you a time traveler stuck in limbo? Because the rest of the universe has moved on from 2010.
The Model S body is a new design that Tesla cuts & stamps in its own factory. That may jibe with the longstanding Lotus philososphy of auto manufacturing but that does make the Model S a "Lotus chassis"

"Laptop batteries" While Tesla uses the same 18650 cells that are found in laptops, it's NOT a "laptop battery" - more details at:
http://www.teslamotors.com/roa...

"and it is a TOY, not a car which can actually be used to go anywhere in the world" - define "anywhere"; it doesn't seem to have a problem in snowy Scandinavia.
check out Bjorn Nyland's videos of long trips in his Model S - https://www.youtube.com/user/b...

"And idealists who know nothing about the real world of engineering embrace toys" - the NHTSA know a thing or two about engineering and they take pleasure in seeing just how well some "toys" stand up to mechanical stress & damage and they gave the Model S top marks.

"People who actually know something about vehicles know better" - Mercedes, BMW & Toyota who should know a thing or two about vehicles have all used Tesla's expertise in recent years. But, hey, what do they know, right?

1. While Tesla may not be able to charge in 10 minutes, they have been aggressively rolling out rapid charging with their superchargers. In their cross country trip they spent 20% of their time charging. In the next month or so they will be rolling out battery swapping between the Bay Area and LA. That takes about 90 seconds. When I drove to Reno from the Bay Area I stopped in Folsom long enough to get a burger. By the time I was done I had plenty of range to reach Reno. The hotel I stayed at had an RV park as well where I was able to plug in.

2. The charging infrastructure is filling out quickly. Regular J1772 chargers are popping up everywhere. Furthermore, the Tesla model S comes with a charging adapter allowing charging at any NEMA 14-50 50A outlet which is quite common at RV parks as well as a 110v plug (which is almost useless since 110v charges so slow).

3. The Tesla model S is priced similarly to other cars in its class. The model E is planned to be priced to cars similarly.

Generally the charging time is not an issue. It takes me 5 seconds to plug in at night and 5 seconds to unplug in the morning. Basically I have a full charge every day (or in my case about 70% since it's easier on the battery).

The existing and planned supercharger stations are shown at http://www.teslamotors.com/sup...

They're first focusing on the major transportation corridors before branching out further. By the end of next year most of the US should be covered unless you're traveling off the beaten path. With the model X going in to production next year I expect them to add more chargers in more out of the way places. Tesla is also releasing an adapter for ChaDeMo and will release an adapter for the combo plug if and when it starts to be deployed (Tesla's signalling is already compatible with the combo plug).

Specifically, post video of your car running over the same kinds of debris that Tesla demonstrated here.

So, 30s for phone battery. Assuming it is 1Ah (1000mAh) 3.7V battery, we are looking at about 4Wh of energy. Over 30 seconds charge, this gives an average current of 120A at 3.6V or 450W current flow..

http://www.teslamotors.com/sup...

See, they are already charging at a rate of 120kW at the supercharger. That's 250x faster than charging that cellphone in 30s.

Handling large amount of current is dangerous for other reasons. Things like explosions due to corroded parts melting, can be an issue in systems that are not monitored appropriately.

1. Teslas don't need oil changes. You know what's better than a great dealer experience for required maintenance? Not needing maintenance in the first place!

2. Tesla doesn't have a dealer network, but they do have a service center network: http://www.teslamotors.com/ser...

3. You want a loaner? You'll get a loaner. From http://www.teslamotors.com/ser...:

Tesla Valet Service
Tesla is putting in place a valet service, so that your car is seamlessly picked up and replaced with a loaner and then returned as soon as we are done. There is no additional charge for this.

Tesla Rangers Come to You
Tesla Rangers are service technicians who make house calls. For an additional fee, they can come to your home or office to perform most maintenance and warranty repairs.

4. "air conditioned seats, rear DVD, 360 degree camera surround support, automatic parking, adaptive cruise control, automatic crash braking". Ok, Teslas don't have any of that.

1. Teslas don't need oil changes. You know what's better than a great dealer experience for required maintenance? Not needing maintenance in the first place!

2. Tesla doesn't have a dealer network, but they do have a service center network: http://www.teslamotors.com/ser...

3. You want a loaner? You'll get a loaner. From http://www.teslamotors.com/ser...:

Tesla Valet Service
Tesla is putting in place a valet service, so that your car is seamlessly picked up and replaced with a loaner and then returned as soon as we are done. There is no additional charge for this.

Tesla Rangers Come to You
Tesla Rangers are service technicians who make house calls. For an additional fee, they can come to your home or office to perform most maintenance and warranty repairs.

4. "air conditioned seats, rear DVD, 360 degree camera surround support, automatic parking, adaptive cruise control, automatic crash braking". Ok, Teslas don't have any of that.

A big part of why Tesla is profitable is the massive questionable payments from California's government.

Price? It's priced competitively with other cars in its class (most people don't buy luxury sedans).

Cross-country trip? What about it? The supercharger network reaches coast to coast, and by the end of the year there will be a few more cross-country routes possible.

LA to SF? This was literally the first place they built superchargers.

while technically true, it's only on very specific routes currently. Tesla claims this will be fixed by (effectively) 2016.

Source: http://www.teslamotors.com/supercharger

>You have to manage an inventory of expensive $20k+ parts that could be stolen,

All inaccessible and underground. They're also fairly useless to thieves; who would they sell a stolen Tesla Model S battery pack to?

The battery packs are heavy, unwieldy, and can't be resold to anyone. If you're a thief, there are much better targets.

>you have multiple sizes and model of battery,

All the loaner packs can be the same size and model.

> and different wear states. The batteries lose power constantly.

Since they're at the charging station, they can keep the batteries topped off. As they wear out, they'll be replaced. Tesla owns the loaner packs. The battery swap is actually a loan, not a true swap like propane. You have to go back to that station and get your original pack back.

>You have to manage liability, if you install a defective battery and it catches fire who pays.

Tesla, since they're both the manufacturer and the battery swapper.

>You have complicated machinery that you need to have many of to handle rushes that go unused at other times

It takes 93 seconds to swap batteries. http://www.teslamotors.com/bat...
They really only need one swapping machine on site for the foreseeable future, and if they get to the point where they need more swapping machines, then they're doing very very well.

Especially since swapping isn't going to be used day-to-day; you'll charge at home or work. Swapping is really only for long-distance trips.

>And you still need to have the same order of magnitude of power available to charge up the swapped out batteries as you would to just charge them in the car.

Of course. The advantage of battery swap is that you can run out your current battery, swap at the station, drive wherever you're going, come back, swap back for your now-recharged pack, and go home. 186 seconds during the trip, versus having to stop and charge for a few hours.

The other fire involved tripping over a 50 pound metal spike at 70mph, causing it to upend violently and drive itself through the underside of the car with the force of a cannon.

Actually, it was a three-ball commercial trailer hitch that was in the road and got flipped up under the car when the driver tried to avoid it. http://www.teslamotors.com/blo...

These loans that they have paid back early? Do you not consider bailing out the Big 3 to be a form of subsidy?

Time to refuel a gas powered car: 10 minutes.
Time to recharge a Telsa: 1 hr and 6 minutes.