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Speed of Light Inconstant?

DHR writes "Australian scientists have discovered that light isn't quite as fast as it used to be." We've done previous stories on these findings. Those of you with subscriptions to Nature can read the actual paper, the rest of us will just have to suffer.

496 comments

  1. ObTrek Reference by Amazing+Quantum+Man · · Score: 5, Funny

    So, does that explain the ever changing warp scale in Star Trek?

    --
    Fascism starts when the efficiency of the government becomes more important than the rights of the people.
    1. Re:ObTrek Reference by cez · · Score: 1

      no silly, thats an exponetially greater than lightspeed scale! or at least >

      --
      Walk with Music;
    2. Re:ObTrek Reference by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      no silly, thats an exponetially greater than lightspeed scale!

      I guess you missed the transition from an exponential scale to the one where warp 10 = infinite velocity. It kinda screwed over the last TNG episode where they traveled at warp 15.

    3. Re:ObTrek Reference by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      OK, now you've done it. Now everyone (including me) has to explain it in our own ways.

      25 years had passed, right? So, it's reasonable to guess that they had come up with somewhat faster means of propulsion. Maybe that third (center) nacelle was helping.

      The problem is, the TNG-era warp scale does funny stuff after 9.0. You keep tacking on 9s, and it gets faster and faster. 9.9, 9.99, 9.999, etc. They said Q whipped the ship through space at 9.(some large number of 9s), and so on.

      Now think of how ridiculous it would be to actually call out all those "point nine nine nine"s every time a travelling order was given.

      So, you bump up the scale a bit to give some more breathing room at the top. Easy.

    4. Re:ObTrek Reference by uncoveror · · Score: 2

      Anything written after Gene Roddenberry died is not the real trek, but just a derivative work. Ignore infinate velocity, or anything else from Voyager, Enterprise, or DS9.

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      The Uncoveror: It's the real news.
    5. Re:ObTrek Reference by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Everyone knows the third nacelle was there to power the giant weapon!

      But I agree about the .9999999s becoming cumbersome. "Did you say 9.99999999 or 9.999999999, Captain?" "I said 9.9999999!" So taking the scale and mapping it past warp 10 would make sense. For example, warp 10 could be 9.99, warp 11 9.999, warp 12 9.9999 and so on and so forth.

    6. Re:ObTrek Reference by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That why the phaser is slower than a nurf ball...

    7. Re:ObTrek Reference by NanoGator · · Score: 2

      "Anything written after Gene Roddenberry died is not the real trek, but just a derivative work. Ignore infinate velocity, or anything else from Voyager, Enterprise, or DS9. "

      Yeah. Empire Strikes Back is not real Star Wars, it wasn't written by George Lucas. Ignore the good story telling, character interaction, entertainment value, or anything else from Episodes 6, 1, and 2.

      --
      "Derp de derp."
    8. Re:ObTrek Reference by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      i sort of missed your point.

      are you saying

      empire strikes back was great (i agree)

      and that ewoks, episodes 1 & 2 suck? (i agree again)

      or the opposite..

      just curious.

    9. Re:ObTrek Reference by NanoGator · · Score: 1

      I blew it heh. I was sarcastically pointing out that the original creator doesn't always have the best idea about what is best. There's an error in my original post which foggied up my point. (Too bad I can't go back and edit it...)

      ESB was great, the movies that were made after it weren't anywhere near as good. Coincidentally, Lucas wrote the rest of them. Gee. Heh.

      I guess what I'm really saying is that if you're a Star Trek/Roddenberry 'purist', you're filtering out the best parts of Star Trek, including the movies.

      --
      "Derp de derp."
    10. Re:ObTrek Reference by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      The following has always bothered me:

      Ensign Kim: "Captain, the star is going to explode in 10... 9... 8..."
      Why do they always only notice this about 10 seconds in advance?

      Janeway: "Mr. Paris, take us out of here..."
      Why does she have to tell him?

      Janeway: "Warp 6".
      Warp 6? Shit, why not just floor it? Is this a good time to worry about fuel economy?

      I'm glad that I got that off my chest.

    11. Re:ObTrek Reference by IXI · · Score: 1

      That's exactly the diff Star{Trek,Wars}

      --
      He saw some dirty arabs and fired. Too bad it was just some friendly kurds, BBC reporters and his fellow cowboys.
    12. Re:ObTrek Reference by L0rdJedi · · Score: 1

      Lucas had his hand in ESB too. The difference is that Irvin Kirshner directed it. That's what made it the best one of the series. Lucas is not a good director, ask any actors (not digital ones) that have worked with him. He just isn't good at telling them what he wants them to do. He'd rather tell an animator "Make it do this" and have the animator make it do that. He's excellent when it comes to visual effects, but not real good when it comes to being a director.

      Of course, Richard Marquand directed Jedi, so what does that tell you about him?

    13. Re:ObTrek Reference by quintessent · · Score: 1, Offtopic

      Yeah. I was quite amused at some of the things the Voyager team found in the alpha quadrant. A space probe from present day Earth. Based on how far voyager was from home, it seems it had been drifting at many times the speed of light.

    14. Re:ObTrek Reference by Tablizer · · Score: 2

      Janeway: "Mr. Paris, take us out of here..."
      Why does she have to tell him?


      I would like to see for once Paris (or equiv) say, "What, I didn't quite hear you with all those panic alarms in the background. Could you please repeat that order?"

      I figure by then that they wouldn't need inter-human command. There should be a big red button that says, "Get The Hell Outta Here!" right on the captain's chair.

      Pushing it would have the sensors quickly scan the skies (or buffered image), and aim the ship in the opposite direction of any activity or planet detected, and put petal to the metal.

    15. Re:ObTrek Reference by SHEENmaster · · Score: 1

      I thought it was constant:
      warp[0]==11 * e;//warp 1

      All the other values are multiples when compared to one another, and squares when viewed individually. On voyager they are:
      warp[i]=new Random().nextInt() % (voyager.lang.obsure.class.name.hErE.getDistanceHo me() /distancehome/distanceHome());

      --
      You can't judge a book by the way it wears its hair.
    16. Re:ObTrek Reference by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There were in the Delta quadrant, not the Alpha quadrant.

      As for the probe, who is to say that it didn't reach there in a similar fashion? Through a wormhole or other spacial anomalie?

    17. Re:ObTrek Reference by tunah · · Score: 2

      Okay, but to travel faster than the (current) speed of light, we must go back in time to when the speed limit was higher. How to go back in time? I know, we just go faster than the speed of light!

      --
      Free Java games for your phone: Tontie, Sokoban
    18. Re:ObTrek Reference by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think it would be easier to go the speed of light right now, and then it'll slow down, and you'll be going faster than the new speed of light.

    19. Re:ObTrek Reference by saider · · Score: 1

      That reminds me of an old Mad magazine Star Trek Spoof...

      Computer : Alert! Damage on level 4.

      Kirk : Somebody rip that speaker out of the wall! All it does is bring bad news.

      --


      Remember, You are unique...just like everyone else.
    20. Re:ObTrek Reference by GreenKiwi · · Score: 1

      Janeway is a totally useless character... a computer could do her job better.

      Plus her voice is as annoying as all get out.

    21. Re:ObTrek Reference by Suidae · · Score: 1

      Nacelles don't generate power, they create create and manipulate warp fields. The power is produced by matter/antimatter reactions. The only reason for a third nacelle would be to provide additional control or strength to the warp field.

      --
      Arguing on slashdot is like running in the special olympics. Even if you win, your're still retarded.

    22. Re:ObTrek Reference by Suidae · · Score: 1

      Apparently, in the original concept for TNG the computer was to handle all the navigation and such, via voice command. But that didn't make for very interesting crew interaction, particularly since the bridge looked like a hotel lounge with big cushie chairs and such.

      So, be glad, Voy could have been JUST Janeway telling the computer what to do.

    23. Re:ObTrek Reference by Suidae · · Score: 1

      AAMOF, it did reach there via some kind of weird anomalie, one which almost trapped Paris.

      As I recall they also found those two Feringi that were left behind when the wormhole they (and LaForge, in a seperate shuttle) were checking out.

    24. Re:ObTrek Reference by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      delta quadrant. and yes, the probe had a warp drive.

    25. Re:ObTrek Reference by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      FYI, The Voyager team was in the Delta quadrant, not the Alpha quadrant. Thought we should be accurate in this crucial discussion. :)

    26. Re:ObTrek Reference by osu-neko · · Score: 1
      Reminds me of the episode where Dr. Crusher is in a universe and all the people are disappearing. At one point, only she and Picard are on the Enterprise, and Picard doesn't have a problem with this. She asks does it make sense that just the two of them are on this starship, exploring strange new worlds, etc. His response, "We've never needed anyone else before." And really, he's right, not Crusher. One person (or zero if the computers are savvy enough, but the level of computer intelligence seems to shift dramatically from episode to episode) could conceivably fly the Enterprise around and do most things. Well, until a pesky Romulan fires a torpedo at you and the ludicrously fragile 24th century technology causes every terminal on the ship to explode. I've never quite firgured out why they put explosives in computer terminals in the 24th century. Presumably during the chaos on Earth in the 22nd century, we lost a lot of technology, like how to make a flat-panel display not explode when a torpedo hits a completely different part of the ship that it just happens to be receiving information from at the time...

      And the posts just keep getting geekier... :)

      --
      "Convictions are more dangerous enemies of truth than lies."
  2. Hmmm.. by Anonvmous+Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    I've noticed it takes a while for flourescent lightbulbs to turn on. I guess all of the technology bloat has finally taken a noticable performance hit on light.

    1. Re:Hmmm.. by letxa2000 · · Score: 3, Funny
      When 20 billion light years you reach, move as fast you will not!

    2. Re:Hmmm.. by leonbrooks · · Score: 2
      I'm a Lightwave animator, so spare me the 'Linux will solve all your problems' crap.

      I guess you'll have to work a bit slower, then, or risk exhausting the light waves you have left to work with. (-:

      Linux seems to have solved problems for ILM, Pixar, DreamWorks, yadda yadda... but Disney, now there's an interesting contrast of priorities: they render on Linux with one hand, and legislate against it with the other. Maybe it's one of those light-side/dark-side things. Dr Linux and Mr RIAA, sort of.

      --
      Got time? Spend some of it coding or testing
    3. Re:Hmmm.. by Anonvmous+Coward · · Score: 1, Troll

      "Linux seems to have solved problems for ILM, Pixar, DreamWorks, yadda yadda.."

      Yeah, it cost them several thousand $$$ per workstation to do that.

    4. Re:Hmmm.. by NightHwk1 · · Score: 1

      "I'm a Lightwave animator, so spare me the 'Linux will solve all your problems' crap."

      Actually, Newtek has announced a free Lightwave renderer for Linux, which will be available sometime Q4 2002.
      For me, its all up to Adobe and Macromedia.

    5. Re:Hmmm.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Orig:

      "Linux seems to have solved problems for ILM, Pixar, DreamWorks, yadda yadda.."


      Reply:

      Yeah, it cost them several thousand $$$ per workstation to do that.


      And still saves them money... Go figure.

    6. Re:Hmmm.. by Anonvmous+Coward · · Score: 1

      "Actually, Newtek has announced a free Lightwave renderer for Linux, which will be available sometime Q4 2002."

      THat kicks ass for setting up a render farm. Im seriously excited about that. STill, though, I hope they port the layout and modeler to it one day. I would like to move off of Windows at some point. In the mean time, though, it'd be silly for me to do that. Actually it'd be masochistic heh.

    7. Re:Hmmm.. by Anonvmous+Coward · · Score: 1

      It'd take quite a while (like years) for a TV Studio or a game company to recoup their investment if they were to switch to Linux/Maya/Renderman.

      That's why Renderman's virtually unheard of anywhere outside the movie industry.

      Go figure.

    8. Re:Hmmm.. by NanoGator · · Score: 2

      I've noticed that the people arguing with ya are having trouble with literacy. Maybe they don't understand what 'spare me the linux solves all your problems' means. Heh.

      --
      "Derp de derp."
    9. Re:Hmmm.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm not suprised. Tech support seems to take a while to light up also. That's why they put you on hold, and play nice piano music for several minutes while "all our representatives help someone else ahead of you".

    10. Re:Hmmm.. by c.emmertfoster · · Score: 1

      What I'd really like to know is what this Linux talk is doing under a lightbulb joke.

      I am so confused.

      --
      We can neither love nor pity nor forgive. If you make a slip in handling us you die!
    11. Re:Hmmm.. by NanoGator · · Score: 1

      They're arguing with the dude's sig.

      --
      "Derp de derp."
    12. Re:Hmmm.. by aonaran · · Score: 1

      This is excellent news. ...but like you say they need to do the layout and modeler.

      I almost bought an Amiga 4000 and toaster when I was in high school just to play with (in highscool $4000 for a computer to use as a toy seemed reasonable to me)

      I still wouldn't mind getting into 3d animation as a hobby. Any suggestions for Linux based modelers?

      (I have only 3 computers at home, none of them run Windows ...one runs SunOS though, thinking about moving it to Solaris)

    13. Re:Hmmm.. by Anonvmous+Coward · · Score: 1

      Hmmm. Maya's probably your best bet. It has a totally kick ass modeler that I'm eager to play with. It's pretty much the industry standard for movies today.

      They recently lowered their price, too. I think it's around $2,000 now. They have a 'learning edition' for free, not sure if that's Linux or not.

      Cheers

    14. Re:Hmmm.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Linux seems to have solved problems for ILM, Pixar, DreamWorks, yadda yadda...

      Since the fuck when? Pixar is owned by Apple. Not even Apple is dirty enough to pollute their systems with Linsux.

  3. *brr* by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Great. I'm looking forward to creationist ravings about the changing speed of light.

    1. Re:*brr* by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      pardon me money boy?

    2. Re:*brr* by nelsonal · · Score: 2

      Some creationist scientists explain the disparity between the size of th universe and the fact that we see stars more than 6000-7000 light years away as light slowing down. I tend to agree with them.

      --
      Degaussing scares the bad magnetism out of the monitor and fills it with good karma.
    3. Re:*brr* by Ledskof · · Score: 1

      How does that take into account the distance? That might be nice for almost considering to apply it to hubbles law (to a creation scientist) but, if the stars are already billions of light years away, how does light slowing down apply to that?

      --
      This is my sig. The post is over.
    4. Re:*brr* by nelsonal · · Score: 1

      The theory goes that the decay of light is exponential, so if light were significantly faster near creation, it could reach earth in 6000-7000 years. But at current speeds it would appear to have taken much more time.

      --
      Degaussing scares the bad magnetism out of the monitor and fills it with good karma.
    5. Re:*brr* by Ledskof · · Score: 1

      Oh i see... but wouldn't that mean that the stars were created very quickly, and placed billions of *current* light years away a few thousand years ago? That wouldn't rule out stellar evolution.

      --
      This is my sig. The post is over.
    6. Re:*brr* by nelsonal · · Score: 1

      Exactly, if you're all powerful you can create stars at various stages of development. Adam & Eve weren't created as babies. Other creationist explinations are that time is not constant either, if light slowed down so could time. Finally, there are some who interpret a large gap between Gen. 1:1 and Gen. 1:3, when the earth was void.

      --
      Degaussing scares the bad magnetism out of the monitor and fills it with good karma.
    7. Re:*brr* by thomas.galvin · · Score: 1

      The Bible tells me that God created the heavens and the earth. The scientists tell me how He did it. I've never really seen what the big deal was...

    8. Re:*brr* by Yunzil · · Score: 2

      so if light were significantly faster near creation, it could reach earth in 6000-7000 years. But at current speeds it would appear to have taken much more time.

      The problem is, you can't muck with the speed of light without mucking with a lot of other things. If the speed of light were really that fast 6000 years ago, stars probably couldn't have formed anyway.

    9. Re:*brr* by flibuste · · Score: 1

      All this creationist thing is abnoxiously wrong. Stars would not have time to form in 7K years, speed of light is not the only way to measure this. Just as man was already homo-sapiens-sapiens 7K years ago, not dropped in "as is", that's not me, that's carbon 13 and all the skulls people find that say it. Speed of light may vary, well, cool, that is kinda expectable anyway. Every theory varies with time too (but creationists....ok), and having the speed of light varying is part of a trend in physics where the guys want to vary the well known constants such as speed of light or gravity. That's also a way to try to figure out why things are the way they are. The light slow down could only happen in condition where you would not be able to think anyway - a few billion degrees, with a density a few billionth of billionth the current density of the universe - you would not be proton-sized yet. Thank to the law of physics Arbitrage is cool, but nature has no mercy ;-)

  4. But not quite slow enough... by 3Daemon · · Score: 2, Funny

    ...cause my exam in Algorithm Construction is only two days away, and I _really_ could use some extra time =)

    1. Re:But not quite slow enough... by shrikel · · Score: 1

      So stop reading /. and go study. ;)

      --
      Any sufficiently simple magic can be passed off as mere advanced technology.
  5. This star is becoming hot like Bill Clinton! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Because when energy is given to the matter, the atoms inside are also getting the energy. According to my theory, there are planets and stars inside an atom. So when there is more energy, the stars inside an atom becomes HOT!

    This star is becoming hot like Bill Clinton!

    - Alex Chiu

  6. Entropy and the collapsing universe theory. by GodInHell · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Would this perhaps be linked to the idea that there's a limited amount of energy in the universe, which is more and more being turned into kinnetic potential as objects get further and further from the center point?

    Or perhaps we're just setting aside another 'unbreakable' barrier.

    -GiH

    1. Re:Entropy and the collapsing universe theory. by JM_the_Great · · Score: 1

      IANAP, but, as objects gained potential energy, getting further away from other objects, they should lose kinetic energy (through it's speed decreasing). So there's no net change in the amount of energy, only where it's kept.

      --

      --Justin Mitchell
      "2nd Place is a fancy word for losing" --Bender (Futurama)
    2. Re:Entropy and the collapsing universe theory. by EelBait · · Score: 1

      So what you're saying is, since Intel and AMD keep making processors that consume more and more energy without contributing anything to the accumulation of order in the universe, that they are helping (in their own special way) to destroy us all?

    3. Re:Entropy and the collapsing universe theory. by prefect42 · · Score: 1

      Simply moving the objects further away wouldn't increase their kinetic energy. That would only be true if the speed at which they were travelling at was still increasing. Is it? I can't see from my office.

      jh

      --

      jh

    4. Re:Entropy and the collapsing universe theory. by MindStalker · · Score: 1

      But light only has relative mass.

    5. Re:Entropy and the collapsing universe theory. by JM_the_Great · · Score: 1

      light has no mass...

      --

      --Justin Mitchell
      "2nd Place is a fancy word for losing" --Bender (Futurama)
    6. Re:Entropy and the collapsing universe theory. by GodInHell · · Score: 1

      Light has mass when it's in motion, but not otherwise. That whole 'a particle, And a wave' thing.

      -GiH

    7. Re:Entropy and the collapsing universe theory. by GodInHell · · Score: 1

      Simply moving the objects further away wouldn't increase their kinetic energy. That would only be true if the speed at which they were travelling at was still increasing. Is it? I can't see from my office.

      As I said, being converted to Kinetic Potential. As I lift a box into the air, I am 'storing' the kinetic energy in the force of the potential energy that is released in the form of kinetic energy when I release the box.

      If I put a tenis ball on a very long tether in void, and I throw it, the begining kinetic energy will slowly be converted into potential energy stored in the tether, until the potential energy exceeds the kinetic force moving the ball forward, at which point the ball will begin to move back in the direction the tether is pulling. Unless of course I forgot to secure the tether (whoops).

      Gravity between bodies in space acts as a tether. The farther objects move from each other, the more kinetic energy is 'lost' to the pull of gravity between the two objects, until the axis is reached, and the potential energy stored in their position begins to be released as the two object move toward each other with progressively greater and greater force, as the force of gravity exerts itself.

      -GiH

    8. Re:Entropy and the collapsing universe theory. by MindStalker · · Score: 2

      What is meant by relative mass is that it doesn't have mass itself, but it is affected by gravity (which conventional thinking would imply that you have to have mass to be attracted to gravity) but with light its a one way thing, no matter how much light you have it will never have mass and therefor never have its own gravity. But it is sucked into gravity wells, more validation of the whole gravity if curvature of space thing.

    9. Re:Entropy and the collapsing universe theory. by prefect42 · · Score: 1

      You're making the assumption that they are in fact going to come together, and that's a non-trivial assumption. Why can't the objects in the system simply carry on moving further and further away, without ever returning. You are missing the possibility of the gravitational forces reducing in effect due to distance at such a rate that the objects do not return.

      Whether or not there is this 'axis' you talk of, depends on the amount of mass present in the universe. Below a certain threshold, they'll go forever, above and they'll all come back in a big crunch.

      jh

      --

      jh

    10. Re:Entropy and the collapsing universe theory. by GodInHell · · Score: 1

      Hmm.. good point..

      But I don't believe there's actually a point at which gravitational pull disapears, it just becomes so minor as to be trivial. Unless you extend the timeline out far enough, in which case even the most trival resistance will slowly bleed all the energy out of a system.

      -GiH

    11. Re:Entropy and the collapsing universe theory. by prefect42 · · Score: 1

      Nope.

      Study astrophysics theory and you'll find this is actually well within the realms of reality, and is a much debated point.

      jh

      --

      jh

  7. Suffering at the speed of light by stefanlasiewski · · Score: 4, Funny

    the rest of us will just have to suffer.

    And given our new knowledge about changes in the speed of light, you'll suffer a little more slowly then you are used to.

    --
    "Can of worms? The can is open... the worms are everywhere."
    1. Re:Suffering at the speed of light by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      But now we are suffering twice as much, due to your lame attempt at humor.

      I rate your post "-1, Puke"

  8. Australian scientists by Jonny+Ringo · · Score: 5, Funny

    eh their mate, thats not a light.

    Now that's a light.

    1. Re:Australian scientists by CableModemSniper · · Score: 1

      Thats not a knife, thats a spoon.

      I see you've played knifey lighty before

      --
      Why not fork?
    2. Re:Australian scientists by prismatic · · Score: 2, Informative

      Honestly, its sentences like this where it really matters if you use "there" vs "their."

      I honestly thought, the first few times I read it, that it was referring to somebody's mate, like girlfriend or wife, as opposed to "hey there, mate, that's not a light ... now that's a light."

      --
      Brian Voils
      "A university is what a college becomes when the faculty loses interest in students."
    3. Re:Australian scientists by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A dingo ate your moderation!

    4. Re:Australian scientists by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How the fuck did this get modded up? It doesn't even make sense unless you put aside the difference between "their" and "there." You idiot yokel moderators probably don't know the difference anyway.

    5. Re:Australian scientists by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Are they bit like Scottish goalies?

    6. Re:Australian scientists by Jonny+Ringo · · Score: 1

      sorry, man I do that a lot. I need to be a little less trigger finger on that submit button :-)

    7. Re:Australian scientists by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      sort of, but we wash more often than Scottish goalies. ;)

    8. Re:Australian scientists by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Naaaaaaaaaaaahh pooftahs !!!!

    9. Re:Australian scientists by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      hmm...
      misspelling "there" as "their" makes you seem _so_ much more intelligent than those you are trying to make fun of...

    10. Re:Australian scientists by feed_me_cereal · · Score: 2

      oh go home AC troll. I know plenty of intelligent people who have made fucking typos. You know what he meant, so stop whining.

      --
      "Question with boldness even the existence of a god." - Thomas Jefferson
    11. Re:Australian scientists by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's not a light, that's a spoon!

    12. Re:Australian scientists by AndrewCox · · Score: 1

      A 'typo' is when you juxtapose two letters like 'teh' instead of 'the' or possibly miss a key altogether.

      This would be a logic error ... unless you're actually suggesting that he was trying to type "there" but his fingers were flying so fast that he typed "ir" instead of "re"?

      --
      The Red Pill ... all I'm o
    13. Re:Australian scientists by xA40D · · Score: 2

      You know what he meant

      Errm I didn't. Took me a couple of goes to work it out. I'm dyslexic you see. Took me years to workout the differance between "their" and "there". And now I have it you would not believe how difficult it can be when people mix them up.

      --
      Do you mind, your karma has just run over my dogma.
  9. Blame CO2 by anthony_dipierro · · Score: 1, Troll

    Australian scientists have discovered that light isn't quite as fast as it used to be.

    Could this possibly be due to the increase in greenhouse gasses in our atmosphere?

    C'mon, it makes just as much sense.

    1. Re:Blame CO2 by InsaneGeek · · Score: 3, Funny

      Light's just getting a bit older and isn't as fast as it used to be. See how you feel after a 30 nano seconds of pick-up basketball, the parts just don't work the same when you get that old.

    2. Re:Blame CO2 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      C'mon, it makes just as much sense.

      That's also why you blame CO2 I guess.
      You just don't get it.

    3. Re:Blame CO2 by Scratch-O-Matic · · Score: 1

      I think it's more likely the fault of increased arsenic levels in our drinking water.

      --


      Evil is the money of root.
    4. Re:Blame CO2 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Insightful:+1

    5. Re:Blame CO2 by osu-neko · · Score: 1
      If this is true, then we've disproven relativity! Time stops at lightspeed, a photon should never age...

      I'm torn, it this more or less geeky than my Star Trek post?

      --
      "Convictions are more dangerous enemies of truth than lies."
  10. another possibility comes to light by Gizzmonic · · Score: 1
    Light is a little light in the loafers, you know. Like I wouldn't be surprised if it preferred members of the same wavelength.

    --
    (-1, Raw and Uncut is the only way to read)
    1. Re:another possibility comes to light by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ha!

      I *knew* lasers were gay!

      Heh, that explains why lasers don't propagate in all directions, doesn't it?

      Makes for an interesting paradox though... b/c lasers are the only lights that propagate in a straight line...

      LOL

  11. Makes no sense. by Entropy_ah · · Score: 1, Insightful

    While reading the article, I came across this paragraph.

    If the speed of light was close to infinity, immediately after the Big Bang, as Davies believes it may have been, our theories about the way energy cooled to form matter, giving rise to stars, planets and people, could be completely wrong.

    Excuse me, but how exactly can something be close to infinity?

    --
    my other penis is a vagina
    1. Re:Makes no sense. by garcia · · Score: 2, Funny

      they are scientists, they understand things better than we do, that's how ;-)

    2. Re:Makes no sense. by elsegundo · · Score: 2, Insightful

      You use this concept quite often in calculus with limits, i.e. 1/x approaches 0 as x approaches infinity.

      I suspect what he meant was: as c approches infinity , the current thinking (equations) get all screwy. Or something technical like that.

      --


      The revolution will be televised. Blackout restrictions apply.
    3. Re:Makes no sense. by Master+Bait · · Score: 1
      The discovery means faster-than-light travel, which is prohibited by the law of relativity, may one day be possible.

      Doncha just love pop science? Too bad they didn't expand on this statement with glowing reports about wormholes, tachyon beams and anti-gravity bow shocks.

      --
      "Only in their dreams can men truly be free 'twas always thus, and always thus will be."
      --Tom Schulman
    4. Re:Makes no sense. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It could be that Davies is suggesting that it is possible:

      lim c = infinity
      t->0

      Where t is the time from the big bang. It probably got simplified either by him for the media or by the media itself.

    5. Re:Makes no sense. by NanoGator · · Score: 2

      "Excuse me, but how exactly can something be close to infinity?"

      Well, I've never actually tried on Infinity, but I did read the price tag once.

      --
      "Derp de derp."
    6. Re:Makes no sense. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Say the speed of light decreases over time, say as something like 1/t (where t is the current time --- whatever that means in this context). Then, when t was 0 (big bang), the speed of light was infinity (if you believe in big bang, this is not really that fantastic). This obviously changes things --- to start with, the exact dependence must be known to say compute the age of the universe. IANAP, but that seems like a reasonable hypothesis.

      AC.

    7. Re:Makes no sense. by Cato+the+Elder · · Score: 2

      Easy--say c = 1/t, where c is the speed of light and t is the time since the Big Bang (this is just an example, I'm not claiming it's the case). Since as t->0, c->infinity, I'd say "immediately after the Big Bang c was close to infinity" would be a reasonable English translation.

    8. Re:Makes no sense. by geoswan · · Score: 2
      If the speed of light was close to infinity, immediately after the Big Bang...

      If the very early Universe, when all the matter and energy could be contained in a microdot, was such an exotic place that the speed of light approached infinity -- then what happened to the speed of sound?

      Okay, maybe it is a dumb sounding question. But it is one I have been curious about.

    9. Re:Makes no sense. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      as far as I can tell, in the case where the
      elastic modulus of a medium is essentially
      infinite, elastic waves propagate at an
      essentially infinite rate.

      So the speed of sound is practically the same
      as the speed of light in the perfectly elastic
      gob that was the ur-universe.

    10. Re:Makes no sense. by merlyn · · Score: 5, Funny

      I knew this performer once. Her stage name was "Infinity". I always wanted to take her out to dinner, just so when they said "how many in your party?", I could say "infinity plus one".

    11. Re:Makes no sense. by Doppler00 · · Score: 2

      I would question this paper until other people have reproduced the results of their experiment. I think it's fairly common now for these things to get published without first being verified by other sources just because it's so out of the ordinary. Even a small error in their measurements could have been misinterpreted. Recently, someone published the properties of a new semiconductor using a the same graph they published in a previous paper. Same thing with the negative gravity experiment that no one can reproduce.

    12. Re:Makes no sense. by geekoid · · Score: 2

      by going almost as fast as infinity, but not quite catching it.

      --
      The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
    13. Re:Makes no sense. by rknop · · Score: 5, Insightful

      If the very early Universe, when all the matter and energy could be contained in a microdot, was such an exotic place that the speed of light approached infinity -- then what happened to the speed of sound?

      Two points. First, the idea that the whole mass of the "universe" was contained in a microdot just at the Big Bang isn't really right (depending on what you mean by "universe"). The whole mass of today's observable universe, yes. But if you take the cosmological models at face value, the universe is probably infinite in extent, and always was (at least as far back as you can go without worrying about unknown theories of quantum gravity). It's more accurate to say that the density of the universe approached an arbitrarily large value; then you don't have to worry about a "smaller infinity" or similar.

      Now, to what you actually asked: the speed of sound is not a fundamental quantity the way the speed of light is. "Speed of light" generally means "speed of light in a vacuum", which according to standard theory is a fundamental contant. (In material other than vacuum, light tends to travel at speeds less than the "speed of light".) Sound doesn't travel in a vacuum, but needs a medium to travel through. It's speed is entirely dependent on that medium. What we call the "Speed of sound" (when, say, timing distance to lightning strikes based on the delay before we hear the thunderclap) is the speed of sound in air at a typical density and pressure found on the surface of the Earth. The speed of sound in water is a lot higher. In rock, higher still.

      In the very early universe, I would expect the speed of sound to be very, very high, but it will always be less than the speed of light in a vacuum (whatever that value happens to be at any given moment).

      -Rob

    14. Re:Makes no sense. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It would also mean the universe is considerably younger that we thought it was (a few billion years less?)

    15. Re:Makes no sense. by spiro_killglance · · Score: 2

      Actually when c approches infinity, special
      relavity just becomes plan old newtons laws.
      Unfornately i don't think General relavity
      would work at all as the time parts of the
      tensors would tend to infinity but not
      the spacial parts.

    16. Re:Makes no sense. by grammar+fascist · · Score: 3, Funny

      Let me guess: you didn't take her out to dinner, because you knew that if you did that (which you undoubtedly would), she would never go out with you again.

      --
      I got my Linux laptop at System76.
    17. Re:Makes no sense. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > Makes no sense.

      (spoken in a Bill Murray voice:)

      "Back off man - he's a scientist!"

    18. Re:Makes no sense. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Please call your doctor immediately, your humor transplant has died.

    19. Re:Makes no sense. by dr00g911 · · Score: 1

      Wow, I've met a lot of Ambers and Asias and Tias and Saffrons and Gingers and Iveys and Candies.

      Can't say I've met any strippers named Infinity, though.

      Would give creedence to the old tale of girl working her way through a PhD, though. :)

    20. Re:Makes no sense. by Squiffy · · Score: 1

      The discovery means faster-than-light travel, which is prohibited by the law of relativity, may one day be *necessary*. ;)

    21. Re:Makes no sense. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      The group did not actually perform the experiments. They are providing a conceptual framework to explain the experimental results of others. They have taken the approach "experiment -> theory" versus the usual approach in this study of "theory -> experiment". If you entertain the theoretical concepts that that the authors present, you might just find them refreshing.

      BTW, Nature is not known for publishing voodoo science, as all their papers are peer reviewed by top scientists in the particular field. Also, Paul Davies is one of the top two experts in the world on relativativy theory and cosmology (Hawking being the other).

    22. Re:Makes no sense. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That is not what my preacher said. He should know, they understand things better than we do.

    23. Re:Makes no sense. by Proquar · · Score: 1

      Perhaps it (travelling at the speed of light) will just be par for the course - the photo finish at the horse races may just be black one day.

      --
      ---- *dog sitting next to a computer, with his beady eyes shifting left to right*
    24. Re:Makes no sense. by c13v3rm0nk3y · · Score: 1
      Excuse me, but how exactly can something be close to infinity?

      That depends on what kind of infinity we are talking about. Many models of infinity can be considered asymptotic.

      --
      -- clvrmnky
    25. Re:Makes no sense. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      no, they are journalists, they understand things better than we do

    26. Re:Makes no sense. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The discovery means faster-than-light travel, which is prohibited by the law of relativity, may one day be possible.


      It was a stupid law anyway. Congress should repeel that law. I swear CongressCritters make some stupid ass laws don't they!

    27. Re:Makes no sense. by ThaReetLad · · Score: 1
      First, the idea that the whole mass of the "universe" was contained in a microdot just at the Big Bang isn't really right (depending on what you mean by "universe"). The whole mass of today's observable universe, yes. But if you take the cosmological models at face value, the universe is probably infinite in extent, and always was (at least as far back as you can go without worrying about unknown theories of quantum gravity).

      Is that really correct? I was under the impression that the entire universe actually WAS tiny. As I understand it, the 3 spatial dimensions we all know and love were all wrapped up in a tiny bubble in higher dimensional space.

      This is a result of general relativiy where we talk about the curvature of space-time as a result of mass. With an almost infinite mass density you would have an almost infinite curvature of space-time, and so the entire universe existed inside a small bubble of space.

      I'm sure that was what my cosmology lecturers taught me unless I was too drunk to remember correctly.

      --
      You can't win Darth. If you mod me down, I shall become more powerful than you could possibly imagine
    28. Re:Makes no sense. by RayAlmostAnonymous · · Score: 1

      In relativity, as opposed to any quantum theory of cosmology, the big bang was a singularity where things like matter density, gravity gradients etc. are (were) infinite. "The laws of physics" break down - and nothing can be said in this view as to *what* the singularity was "actually like".

      This (speed of light varies) theory postulates that the speed of light, c, was also infinite at/in the big bang singularity. As we can say nothing about this non-physical event (as it were) we can only talk about things *just after* the big bang, where the various infinities are "merely" very very large.

      Hence "close to infinity" - in colloquial english. Matter density etc. was also "close to infinity"

    29. Re:Makes no sense. by RKloti · · Score: 1

      No, more likely he new that she'd never go out with him in the first place.

    30. Re:Makes no sense. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well if you think of it as a sphere, then you could punch a hole into it, and what once was infinite (represented by the surface) now is finite but close to infinite. If space was infinite like not spherical, then why would the quantization of the universe make itself heard at precisely quantum level.

    31. Re:Makes no sense. by maddogsparky · · Score: 2
      But...

      since our current point of view of the universe is infinitesimaly small compared to the size of the universe, the universe COULD have almost infinite mass and be in a small bubble and we would never know. Sortof like an equation could have inputs that make it go to infinity, but it might have higher-order derivatives that do not.

      --
      science is a religion
    32. Re:Makes no sense. by thomas.galvin · · Score: 1

      Then, when t was 0 (big bang), the speed of light was infinity

      Nope, it means that the speed of light was undefined. If I remember correctly, there are seveal formulas floating around that exhibit this behavior, leading to the following discussion:

      "So, what happened at the moment of the big bang?"
      "Uhh..."

    33. Re:Makes no sense. by J_T_Biggs · · Score: 1

      My thought would be that before light reaches zero (or when it does, if it does or can) then the universe would reset itself and there would be another big bang. Therefore, resetting light back to 'near' infinity.

    34. Re:Makes no sense. by osu-neko · · Score: 1

      (Reviews the scripts...) Indeed. The universe has a cron job that runs periodically. If it reads the current value of c as less than a particular value, it runs shutdown -h now...

      --
      "Convictions are more dangerous enemies of truth than lies."
    35. Re:Makes no sense. by osu-neko · · Score: 1

      Oh no! That was supposed to be -r, NOT -h! WE'RE ALL DOOMED!!!

      --
      "Convictions are more dangerous enemies of truth than lies."
    36. Re:Makes no sense. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Speaking of microdot's... I think these people have been eating little purple microdots lately...

      "hey dude... your moving.. wow... those trails.. hey, I'll bet its because the speed of light is changing..."

    37. Re:Makes no sense. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      First, Nature: they are experts on biology, biochemistry, and astronomy, and very little else. They would not know a significant result in theoretical physics if it bit them on the nose. Physical Review Letters is the journal where claims like this one would receive proper scrutiny, and you have to ask why they chose Nature rather than PRL where the referees are both tough and know everything about theory.


      Paul Davies is not a scientific expert, he is a writer of popular science books and suchlike. He used to be doing up-to-date research, but that was decades ago. There are plenty of people who know more than him about black holes, but they spend their time actually doing research rather than writing books and spouting off to the media. Hawking is indeed an expert, but have you heard of David Wiltshire? - Gary Gibbons? - Kei-ichi Maeda? - Renata Kallosh? - Mike Duff? - all of whom could probably wipe the floor with Davies. His arguments are full of holes, for a start he uses a formula which is only appropriate to a theory where alpha does not change, so it's not surprising if he gets into trouble when trying to consider changing alpha!

    38. Re:Makes no sense. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      You are trying to question the competence and integrity of the experimenters... "Even a small error in their measurements could have been misinterpreted." - No, because the measurements are made in such a way that it would be quickly apparent if there were a random error. They measure several spectral lines at once and compare the result to what would be expected if alpha varied (which is for some lines to go up in frequency, some to go down and some to stay the same). For the interpretation to be wrong, there would have to be errors in all of these lines and they would have to mimic precisely the effect of a variation in alpha - the odds against this are huge.


      The semiconductor graph scandal is a (very rare) example of scientific fraud, committed by a single individual. I doubt the varying alpha group are conspiring together to present fraudulent results.


      As for negative gravity, I have no idea whether such a thing is believable or not (all sorts of obscure electromagnetic effects might be going on), but at least you have the failed attempts to reproduce it to justify extreme scepticism.
      Lots of people have wanted to criticise the varying alpha experiment but so far none of the mud flung at it has stuck.


      tdent@umich.edu

  12. Independent analysis by SkipToMyLou · · Score: 0, Redundant

    It's that same group saying the same thing again. Although I haven't reviewed their latest paper, I remember that I wasn't impressed with the statistical analysis of their data, as of the previous paper.

    Personally, I won't find the evidence convincing untill another group takes some their own data and gets similar results. Given that many astronomers have similar sentiments, it seems that giving VLT time to the same group seems not the best use of VLT time.

    Of course, if no other astronomers find the likelyhood of the discovery worth the effort of making the observations, then it may be difficult to get independant confirmation. Given that it would be a really big deal if true, I think that says a lot about how seriously the astronomical community takes these claims.

    1. Re:Independent analysis by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting
      It's that same group saying the same thing again. Although I haven't reviewed their latest paper, I remember that I wasn't impressed with the statistical analysis of their data, as of the previous paper.

      Why should we care what someone with a hotmail account, a geocities web page, and a journal ranting about the moderation system thinks about this? You're probably fifteen.

    2. Re:Independent analysis by efatapo · · Score: 1

      Isn't Nature a peer-reviewed journal? That usually means that a number of other scientists have received the information prior to printing and have determined it is authentic information. Anything that is skeptical is usually performed (read retested) by the reviewing scientists. Now, I admit that some papers do get by without a proper amount of review because the journal wants to be first to press, however I think better of Nature than that. (I'm such a sucker)

    3. Re:Independent analysis by God!+Awful · · Score: 3, Interesting


      It's that same group saying the same thing again.

      Well, you are the same guy posting the same thing again, although I notice you have a different username than last time. Please tell me you didn't honestly go back to the previous story, pick a random message that got modded up to +5, and repost it here... that would be the ultimate in karma whoring.

      -a

    4. Re:Independent analysis by cyril3 · · Score: 1
      I am not a peer reviewing scientist but I don't think they re-do any experiments while reviewing. That would be impossible in many cases as the experiments sometimes take years and also there is nothing in it for them if they confirm an experiment in those circumstances cause they won't get any credit.

      All they do is make sure the stuff looks OK and has no obvious errors, is not internally inconsistant or doesn't actually support the conclusion. This would be especially so where the conclusions are so at odds with established thought.

      They often wouldn't agree with the article itself but accept it for publication as a basis for further discussion and work.

      It tends to be where the media hype a report with the 'time travel' and end of the worldism stuff that this stuff startsd to look dumb.

      BTW Paul Davies is a very respected physicist and if his name is on the paper it should not be disregarded out of hand. He is also a great populariser of science and has written a number of books for the general public on physics.

    5. Re:Independent analysis by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      SkipToMyLoser is a self-proclaimed troll. The most gracious thing I can say is that it's a peculiar form of entertainment. A deranged lunatic who needs a good smack upside the head, more likely.

    6. Re:Independent analysis by Peter+T+Ermit · · Score: 2

      Peer review doesn't mean it's correct. Even Nature publishes some doozies. (This one isn't so bad, actually... the original one was in ApJ if I recall correctly, which has a lower standard.)

    7. Re:Independent analysis by rgmoore · · Score: 2
      That usually means that a number of other scientists have received the information prior to printing and have determined it is authentic information. Anything that is skeptical is usually performed (read retested) by the reviewing scientists.

      Incorrect; you're putting a lot more into peer review than is actually there. In reviewing an article, the reviewers are expected to read it and note any flaws in the article. Those flaws may be methodological flaws in the experiments, futher experiments needed to eliminate alternate explanations for the data, and all sorts of trivial problems like bad grammar, missed references, etc. But there's a limit to how much a reviewer can do to find flaws in a paper. He can't actually see the experimental equipment and note any problems with it, for instance, which might produce unnoticed systematic errors. It's also very important to note that the recommendations of reviewers are just that; a journal editor can publish a paper in spite of bad reviews if he thinks that there's justification for doing so.

      Reviewers are also not expected to try replicating experiments themselves. In fact, doing experiments based on what you've seen in papers under review is considered to be at least bad form and may be unethical depending on what exactly you do. In some competitive fields, people have been known to accuse reviewers of trying to copy their experiments while stalling the original paper to get publication priority, and this is viewed as seriously unethical.

      --

      There's no point in questioning authority if you aren't going to listen to the answers.

    8. Re:Independent analysis by efatapo · · Score: 1

      I am a peer-reviewed published scientist, and they do repeat experiments. And if you happen to get your hands on a scientific journal you can note the difference in times between submitted date and published date. They are more often than not 4-8 months different.

    9. Re:Independent analysis by efatapo · · Score: 1

      I'm a PhD student at University of Michigan (first year). I appreciate your correction. I am in the process of submitting my second paper to a peer reviewed journal. While not directly experiencing it myself, I was taught that often scientists would repeat experiments that they found suspicious. That is dissapointing that such large claims would not be retested...there's nothing I hate more than reading a paper and seeing "Data not shown".

    10. Re:Independent analysis by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      At least he was a 15 year old that was capable of logging in.

    11. Re:Independent analysis by cyril3 · · Score: 1
      I always thought that the submitted date was when it was first submitted before review and assumed that the long time between then and publication reflected such things as the infrequency of publication, backlogs in the schedule, revision prompted by the review.

      I am surprised therefore to find now that it is also because the experiments are being repeated as part of the process.

      Many papers appear to be the results of experiments with long timeframes, or which arise in the course of program of work or may be based on data that is not commonly available.

      Perhaps in your field it is possible to repeat experiments at low or no cost in a short timeframe but I can't see how a significant proportion of peer reviewed articles have had their underlying experimental work repeated in the review (especially in Physics).

    12. Re:Independent analysis by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Another judicious use of the ad hominem attack!

    13. Re:Independent analysis by Random+Walk · · Score: 2
      I have some 50+ peer reviewed papers, and I also have reviewed several papers by others (you are expected to act as referee now and then, if you publish in peer reviewed publications). I can tell you that:

      (a) repeating experiments is not the duty of the referee (yes, you get a list of things you should do when reviewing). Actually, repeating an experiment takes much more time, effort, and money than a referee could ever afford. Repeating an experiment of this size requires several man-years (and the money to pay for the job).
      (b) as a referee you can, and should, watch out for bad style, bad grammar/spelling, and obscure or needlessly complex wording. you should also watch out for inconsistencies, and/or conclusions that are not supported by the facts given.
      (c) repeating the experiment, and judging on the validity of the results, is the responsibility of the scientific community as a whole. If it is important, someone will step up and repeat it.
      (d) the difference between submitted date and published date is due to a combination of lazy referees, lazy authors (resubmitting the paper months after receiving the referees comments), and publication backlog.

    14. Re:Independent analysis by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Okay so I'm no physicist or anything but I remember courses in University (it hasn't been that long)

      It was my understanding that Maxwell etc measured the speed of light and got it pretty darn close to 3E8 m/s, the generally accepted speed of light.

      Okay so what I thought happened was that instead of using a bar of platinum in France stored at some specific temperature, etc as the measure of a meter, physicists then decided to measure the meter based on the speed of light.

      Thus for all of you not following: the speed of light can't change .. it's been chosen at a value and the unit of measurement (the meter) is derived from this.

  13. sleeping in by mholt108 · · Score: 1

    Sooo.... thats why I just cant seem to wake up in time to catch the bus. The light was late for me. Will have to get my mum to write a note

  14. Sigh... by Skip666Kent · · Score: 1

    This is clearly another symptom of Global Warming. When will you people get the message?

    --
    **>>BELCH
    1. Re:Sigh... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Nope "the speed of light" refers to the speed of light in a vacuum not on earth. Medians like air do slow down light, but that doesnt apply to a vaccuum. Also the earth used to be hotter than it is today and light traveled faster then, or so these people claim. Probably the creation of ever more super large black holes is what is changing the behavior of light. They can change the speed in which entire galaxies rotate and even effect light. Or so thats what my physics proffesor argued once. Im only a Junior and not a phd, Ill get back to you in a few years. Then again Ill probably change majors and go into chemical engineering soon so maybe I wont. This study is far from conclusive no matter how you look at it. It only registered very small changes that could well be attributed to inaccurate equipment or even to poorly trained scientists. Much more work need to be done. Global warming though has nothing to do with it. Honestly most scientist have yet to agree on whether some warming is even a negative thing. Since most of the earths land ie Russia, Mongolia, Alaska, Antarctica, North pole, canada, etc... is a cold wasteland some warming may acctually create or free more useable land for agriculture cultivation and human life. I wouldnt want to live on the East Coast or in Cuba though if the planet gets really hot say 12+ degrees but 4 or 5 would acctually be good.

  15. Finally! by __aaklbk2114 · · Score: 1, Funny

    Now, at least, black holes won't have to work as hard.

    1. Re:Finally! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually, black holes would expand as c decreased, since their event horizon is inversly proportional to c.

  16. I think I've found proof using empirical research by jukal · · Score: 5, Funny

    > "That's illegal. It would be like a cup of coffee sitting on your desk getting hotter," Lineweaver says

    Placing a coffee cup on top of my laptop and running Microsoft Outlook provides the exactly same effect. Where can I get my Nobel prize?

  17. Gravity by jedie · · Score: 0

    err, IANA physicist, but isn't it already known that light _is_ slowed down by gravity? black holes even _stop_ light (it can't escape it's gravitational field) iirc.

    --
    "The majority is always sane, Louis." -- Nessus
    http://slashdot.jp
    1. Re:Gravity by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Nope. The speed is constant. What changes is the frequency. Light is trapped in a black hole's event horizon, where it is forever in orbit if you will.

      Kinda like Mr. Goatse's Klingons.

  18. I don't get this whole thing...... by Typingsux · · Score: 2, Insightful
    Beginning of article:

    In October, 1971, American physicists took four super-accurate atomic clocks, kept two on the ground and put two on commercial jets flying at 1000 kmh in opposite directions around Earth.
    When the planes landed, the scientists found what they were hoping for: The clocks on the high-speed journeys were ticking a few billionths of a second behind their stationary friends.


    Isn't the speed of a jet negligible compared to the speed of the Earth rotating, revolving around the sun, the sun revolving around the center of the galaxy and the galaxy spiralling in the expansion of the universe?

    Please explain.

    --
    The above post is an editorial, the poster cannot and will not be held responsible for all or in part for it's contents
    1. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by DeltaSigma · · Score: 1

      You're right, we should launch one of our atomic clocks into rotation around the earth and launch another into space and keep it stationary (in relation to what noone could tell you, but that's not important right now). Then we'll just pick it up and observe the time difference some billion years later.

    2. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The 'lost' time was based off the time difference relative to the clocks on the two planes. Not comparing time difference between a clock on one plane and another clock on Alpha Centuri.

      It's the doppler effect, only on time rather than sound.

    3. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      right, and all of that is negligable to the speed of light. That's why they needed really accurate clocks. Since everything stationary on earth is moving at the same speed (we're all flying through space at the same speed) then time moves the same speed for all of them. Now, get a clock on the plane and fly the hell out of it. They're now going a different speed and so time goes by at a slightly different rate for the people in the plane.

      It's all relative, ok? (I know, bad application and bad pun).

    4. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by zanzar · · Score: 1

      Yes...but what matters is the relative speed between the two objects. I'm no physics major, though. Hell, I dropped physics, in college.

      --
      ...These aren't the droids you're looking for....Move along....
    5. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Isn't the speed of a jet negligible compared to the speed of the Earth rotating, revolving around the sun, the sun revolving around the center of the galaxy and the galaxy spiralling in the expansion of the universe?

      Please explain.


      The other motion can be ignored, since they are the same for both the jet and the earth. In other words, the calculations (and clocks) are relative to the Earth's frame of reference. There is no "priviledged" frame (except in the case of frame dragging, which doesn't apply here), so such things as galactic movement, etc can be ignored.

    6. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by Jadecristal · · Score: 1

      1000 km/h, while quite "fast" to us, is still a mere fraction of the speed of light. Relativistic effects, like time dialation, don't begin to occur at what most people would consider "significant" levels until more like 10% of c (light speed). For reference, 1000 km/h is .28 m/s, or so. Light moves at 300,000,000 m/s, making 1000 km/h less than a billionth of the speed of light.

      Time dialation is better explained by other sites, but the math involved might be annoying for some. There is an applet for simulation, if you wish, which may or may not work for you; there is also a tutorial in special relativity.

    7. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by mentin · · Score: 1

      The linear speed of Earth revolving around sun, sun around galaxy, etc does not matter - everything moves relative to each other. What matters is acceleration. All mentioned rotations do change the clock speed, but proportionally to curvature of the orbit, not just speed. Acceleration of the jets was obviously more noticeable than rotation of Earth.

      --
      MSDOS: 20+ years without remote hole in the default install
    8. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I hear people refer to special relativity all the time for this experiment, but wouldn't general relativity also come into play here?

    9. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by jackb_guppy · · Score: 1

      Also do not forget effect of gravity.

    10. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      My understanding of the whole expanding universe "Red Shift" idea is that the universe is expanding at an increasing rate. That means that, over time, the Earth's speed is increasing in absolute terms, which might account for the delta in the speed of light. If time slows down as you approach C, as the earth speeds up, there would ba a minute but measurable drop in our measurements of C. If it's noticable for planes vs. the ground, it should be noticable over time with the earth. Remember they were taking measurements of very old light so the delta would have time to accumulate.

    11. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by mfli · · Score: 1

      I think you mean 277 m/s, or .28 km/s. Which would make it 1 millionth instead of 1 billionth of the speed of light.

    12. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by ShavenYak · · Score: 3, Insightful

      First of all, according to relativity there is no such thing as speed "in absolute terms". Second, all observers, regardless of motion, measure the same value for the speed of light. That is why time and distance will appear differently to two observers in relative motion.

      --

      Hey kids, there's only 5 days left 'til Yak Shaving Day!
    13. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by niall2 · · Score: 1

      The whole basis for relativity is that no mater how your moving, if you measure the speed of light relative to your frame of reference (ignoring how you are moving) it will be the same. If you measure the speed of light relative to your standing on the face of the earth, its the same as if you were flying in the same direction as the light as fast as you can. Exactly the same reguardless of your speed.

      This is the equivelant of one person (call them a) parked and one traveling at 100 miles per hour (b) seeing someone (c) pass them both. They each measure c's speed realitive to how fast they are going and c is moving at 200 mph relative to a and 200 mph relative to b. In one hour of time measured by a, c is 200 miles away from a. Also in one hour for b, c is 200 miles away from b. The only way this is possible is if time is different for a and b. This is relativity.

      --
      Today is a gift. Save the receipt.
    14. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Umm, I don't think the speed of the jets has anything to do with the clocks being different. The time dilation effect is due to gravity - the jets are further away and therefore experience slightly less gravitational force than on the surface of the earth. This means, according to special relativity, that the stationary clocks should actually be running SLOWER than the clocks on the jets.

      Either the author of this write-up is out to lunch, or my physics texts are way out of date...

    15. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by kappax · · Score: 1

      is that why a rolercoster ride seems shorter when in it than when watching it ?

    16. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's all about relativity. In that case the relative speed between the two atomic clocks. And about which ones moves, it is the one that is accelerated most. I hope this clarify the experiment. For a more throurough explaination you should consider reading the first chapter in a book about the theory of relativity.

    17. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think you are correct about the red shift thing, the doppler effect will shift everything towards red when measuring the light from something moving away from you. About the time measurement you are wrong, inside a reference system you will measure the same time units at all times. That's the basis for theory of relativity which comes from the constant speed of light.

    18. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by PhxBlue · · Score: 2

      Relativity deals with relative velocities, rather than "absolute" velocities: the planes' motion relative to the earth will cause a time dilation relative to the earth.

      If you happened to take time measurements from the middle of interstellar space where you could "zero out" your velocity, you would no doubt find time on earth dilated relative to you.

      --
      !#@%*)anks for hanging up the phone, dear.
    19. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by J_T_Biggs · · Score: 1

      I think we are missing the point of that experiment. It was to prove that Einstein was correct with concerns of special relativity. The intended results were not necessarily to be exact and accurate but to be existant or non-existant. You see, they were trying to prove if time was relative to motion, which is something that Einstein theorized in special relativity. If we had put 2 clocks on a bullet train traveling at 500 mph instead of the aircraft it would have produced positive results. In otherword, the times on the train and the times on the stationary clocks would have been billionths of a second off. This will happen with or without the gravity and rotation of the earth, these two factors only effect the severity of the results.

    20. Re:I don't get this whole thing...... by flibuste · · Score: 1

      As some stated, it is the fact that the planes are PUT into motion and accelerate in different directions compared to each other (and compared to Earth) that makes up the difference. The time difference observed is very small, but that's why they use atomic clocks - those toys are amazingly accurate. As Earth, the sun, the solar system, and many of us turn around the center of the galaxy, we do not accelerate one compared to the other. So then, time is the same for us, and we don't "feel" that effect (just as you don't feel the fact that Earth does 360deg in 24h because you sit right on it).

  19. E=mc^2? by InsaneCats · · Score: 2, Interesting

    So if the speed of light is slowing down, could we convert matter to energy, wait millions of years for the speed of light to change, and then convert it back - violating the conservation of energy laws?

    1. Re:E=mc^2? by myawn · · Score: 1

      I think their was a Seinfeld episode where Kramer tried that trick. It didn't work.

      --
      Subscribers can see articles in the future? So what? Everyone gets to see them in the future.
    2. Re:E=mc^2? by linuxislandsucks · · Score: 1

      no!

      E= mc^2 doesn't change just the value of c nimrod! Remember time is another value in the equation that is unstated..

      the slowing down of the value c indicates that the forces of gravitation, time, and energy are related ina grand unified theory stil not correctly worked out..

      --
      Don't Tread on OpenSource
    3. Re:E=mc^2? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Be quiet, or else God will sue you for violating the DMCA.

    4. Re:E=mc^2? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, according to the article, the scientist says the finding doesn't crush relativity; more specifically E=mc^2. What you just said did.

    5. Re:E=mc^2? by Mr.+Sketch · · Score: 1

      Is this the theory that space, time, and thought aren't the seperate things we think they are?

    6. Re:E=mc^2? by Celandro · · Score: 0

      No.. The article stated that the data supported 2 different hypothesis. One was that electrical charge was increasing over time, or that the speed of light was slowing down. The electrical charge hypothesis lead to a direct contradiction of the 2nd law of thermodynamics.

      2ndly, if you converted mass to energy, stuck it in a superconducting ring (or say a star) for billions of years and changed it back to mass, Id suppose you would end up with more mass (4 times as much for every halfing of the speed of light). As more mass was created, light would slow further down, causing the production of even more mass. A spiralling effect that would inevitabally lead to a universe collapse as the huge black holes merged and drew in the entire universe again before spewing it out once again in big bang #42.

      IANAPBIPOOS (I am not a physicist but I play one on Slashdot)

    7. Re:E=mc^2? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      He's talking about:

      c = f(t) , f unknown, t ~ now

      into

      e = mc^2

      e = m(f(t))^2

      And, if f(t) is shrinking as t increases, it would seem that we get less energy back later for some amount of matter. No thermodynamics problems there.

      Holding e constant, we get more matter as t increases. This might strangely point back to the steady-state theory...

      But look at me, a CSC grad talking about physics.

      To quote Carl Sagan: Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence...

      I'm sure Bob Park will shred it on friday...

    8. Re:E=mc^2? by kableh · · Score: 1

      Um, Simpsons already did that...

    9. Re:E=mc^2? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0


      yes, to satisfy the equation, mass will
      increase as light slows. so you will get
      much heavier, it's why people get fat...

    10. Re:E=mc^2? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You dont really think that everything the human race has found out about our environment is true do you?

      (plus your analogy doesnt quite make a point, you would just have a different amount of matter the energy would still be conserved...)

      The human race has already begun to put themselves into a box, setting limits to thier environment and expecting that they are right all the time. As the theory stands the human race can only understand a certain spectrum, 3 space as some would call it. the speed of light is at the very top of the spectrum, as the human brain starts to pick up on irregularities (stuff outside the spectrum jumping (moving) in and out of the 'visible' spectrum) our brains will start to process more and more (possibly resulting in a large physical evolution gap between those that understand and those that dont) and stuff that could only exist in fantasy or scifi may start to become real.

      x-men and psionics are two things that come to mind when thinking about this. always think outside the box because when no one thinks outside the box, the inner walls of the box is all we will be able to see.

    11. Re:E=mc^2? by rknop · · Score: 3, Interesting

      So if the speed of light is slowing down, could we convert matter to energy, wait millions of years for the speed of light to change, and then convert it back - violating the conservation of energy laws?

      Good question, but I would think probably not. E=mc^2 doesn't really tell you about some remarkable physical process that lets you convert between two differen things "mass" and "energy". Mass is just another form of energy, and that equation tells you how much energy you have in (say) one kilogram of mass.

      I'd have to think harder whether or not there is a problem with conservation of energy here. Here's the challenge: come up with a thought experiment that lets you get "something for nothing" from a changing speed of light. Just counting the energy in the universe isn't good enough (see below); what you need is some way of increasing (say) the stored energy in a localized object or particle *without* introducing any energy or work from outside. I can't think of a way to do it, but maybe somebody else might. (I haven't really posed my thought experiment well; can somebody suggest a better way to pose it?)

      The reason that just talking about the total energy in the universe isn't good enough is that in fact General Relativity already does *not* have a global law of conservation of energy! There is a *local* conservation of energy, which is expressed in terms of derivatives of the stress-energy tensor. However, the fact that there is no single global inertial reference frame for the whole universe makes it difficult to say what is the "energy of the universe".

      You can come up with things that look like they violate conservation of energy with plain vanilla GR and cosmology right now. For instance, the cosmological redshift. Start with a universe that has one photon in it. The universe expands, and the photon redshifts. Now the photon has less energy. What happened to conservation of energy? Similarly, if you have a cosmological constant (vacuum energy), and your universe gets bigger, you have more vacuum, thus more energy. What happened to the conservation of energy? With an infinite universe you can always say that you're pushing work out to further and further reaches of the universe, and since you never reach an "edge" you don't have to worry about somebody ever having to absorb all that work. (With a closed universe, I believe that formally some of the energy goes into the curvature.) But, really, conservation of energy is a local concept in a GR rather than a universe-wide concept.

      -Rob

    12. Re:E=mc^2? by spiro_killglance · · Score: 2

      "The electrical charge hypothesis lead to a direct contradiction of the 2nd law of thermodynamics."

      That would me for a moment, but its right,
      if the force between to identical objects in
      the same space increases over time, then there
      energy increases, so it violates both the
      first and seconds laws of thermodynamics.

      However there is a let out here, if some process
      is increasing the strength of the electric field,
      then it might be balanced out by decreasing the
      strength of one of the other forces. Secondly that
      energy conversion may be violated on a cosmology
      scale may in fact be allowable. The conversion
      of energy used to be a law, but these days its
      a derevation, Noether's theorm states if the
      laws of physics are the same at all times, energy
      must be conversed, so its only natural to get
      a violation of the conversation of energy if
      the laws of physics change over time.

    13. Re:E=mc^2? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Whom?

    14. Re:E=mc^2? by curril · · Score: 1

      Just off the cuff, E = gamma mc^2 where gamma = 1/sqrt(1-v^2/c^2), so if c decreases while v remains constant, gamma will increase and hence the total energy will increase. In other words, two particles moving toward each other will collide with more energy than what they started with, on a local level. But it is unlikely that v will remain unchanged, since if it did, particles that have a relative velocity of 99.9c will have a relative velocity greater than c if c decreases by .2%. If relative velocities reduce proportional to c such that v/v' = c/c', then gamma remains unchanged and energy is conserved in this example.

    15. Re:E=mc^2? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      you meen space(which includes time as 4d), and energy(when broken down thats all matter is too), thought is a combo of the two..

    16. Re:E=mc^2? by rknop · · Score: 2

      In other words, two particles moving toward each other will collide with more energy than what they started with, on a local level.

      The problem with what you just said is that the only thing local about the thought experiment is the collision. If they collide, and are approaching each other, they started separated. In that case, you have to argue that they are "close enough" that you can treat them in the same local Lorentz frame. Note that "close enough" for purposes of GR around the sun is "within a light year". However, we're talking about small changes in c over more than half the age of the universe, and the universe has expanded enough in that time that you won't get a single local Lorentz frame to encompass both particles when they start heading towards each other.

      Most of the "paradoxes" of special relativity have to do with switching between reference frames and coming up with a result which is counter to intuition. (Our intuition naturally expects everything to fit together in the same Galilean reference frame, since that approximation is what works best in most everyday situations.)

      -Rob

    17. Re:E=mc^2? by DavidTC · · Score: 1
      Um...how can you reshift a particle if it's the only thing in the universe?


      While I hate to throw QM into a discussion about relativity, if you can't measure it, it ain't got a redshift.

      --
      If corporations are people, aren't stockholders guilty of slavery?
    18. Re:E=mc^2? by curril · · Score: 1
      However, we're talking about small changes in c over more than half the age of the universe, and the universe has expanded enough in that time that you won't get a single local Lorentz frame to encompass both particles when they start heading towards each other.

      Fine. Have the masses bouncing back and forth losslessly in a box for eons before colliding. Or put them on the ends of a stick and start rotating it. The total energy of the system will increase over time if c decreases while v remains the same. You can probably find arguments against these cases as well, but the fact is that a variable c with constant v does bad things to conservation of energy in special relativity. Since the possible changes in c are small and cover large periods of time, it is possible that these minor conservation violations are countered by GR considerations, but that remains to be demonstrated, not assumed.

    19. Re:E=mc^2? by trickydisko · · Score: 1

      Redshift has to be measured from a reference frame. You can't just pick an arbitrary frame defined by a piece of vacuum, otherwise you could pick a piece of vacuum expanding in any direction you like, and produce any wavelength shift (red- or blue-) you want. The only meaningful frame of reference in a universe with only one photon is the frame of the photon, in which the photon itself does not redshift (or do anything else, for that matter).

    20. Re:E=mc^2? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      im trying to figure this out. let's say both parties are correct, einstein and these australians. if the speed of light is slowing down won't it at some point in the future equal 0. that seems to hold true if it's slowing down. then you say e=mc^2 and with a speed of light equaling 0 then won't e = 0 also. 0 energy in the universe. someone must be wrong ...

    21. Re:E=mc^2? by J_T_Biggs · · Score: 1

      that is a good point, here is another question i would wonder: we have x mass and convert it to n energy. (n = xc^2) then after a million years since speed has decreased so would some of the other facters as well, mass perhaps for example. If one of these does not work then E=mc^2 does not work. I'm not sure about this but if x or n decreases at the same rate c does then the equation still works. So if c is decreasing, then musn't mass and energy decrease with respect also?

  20. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1, Funny

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  21. Warp Speed [was Re:ObTrek Reference] by Heraklit · · Score: 2, Interesting
    Not necessarily... depends on the frame of reference, whether the Klingons or the Romulans are watching. But did you know that physicists are actually working on a warp drive (at least theoretically)? :-)

    Even constantly improving the model!

    1. Re:Warp Speed [was Re:ObTrek Reference] by nanoakron · · Score: 1

      Well, it's not that surprising, really. In fact, it would be quite stupid if we dismissed possibilities just because they sound implausible.

      I guess that's why people still believe Elvis is alive.

      Let's just hope it works, though :)

      -Nano.

    2. Re:Warp Speed [was Re:ObTrek Reference] by Mornelithe · · Score: 1

      I did. I read about it a while ago here. Here is the article on the original warp drive which looks rather hard to build, because (as I recall) you need a large 'negative energy density' (or some such). And here is the article on the "Micro warp drive" that makes a spacial bubble around to you make you really small, so you don't need as large a negative energy density, and that you, apparently, can't see out of. :) Another interesting article there (of course, there all interesting), is about the Krasnikov Tube which lets you travel somewhere and back at relativistic speeds without having to worry about time dilation.

      Of course, these aren't particularly detailed on how the math/physics works (warp drives for dummies :)), but they're entertaining to read and give you at least a general overview of how they work. Chef recommends.

      --

      I've come for the woman, and your head.

  22. We will have to suffer doubly by JudgeFurious · · Score: 4, Funny

    Since most of us don't have the subscription I deduce that the majority of replies will come from AC's and be composed of nonsense.

    --
    Appended to the end of comments you post. 120 chars.
    1. Re:We will have to suffer doubly by .com+b4+.storm · · Score: 2

      I deduce that the majority of replies will come from AC's and be composed of nonsense.

      So, how does that make this any different from the usual Slashdot story? :)

      --
      "Wow, you're like some kind of superhero able to ward off happiness and success at every turn."
      -- Ryan Stiles
  23. An old poke at physicists. by DarkHelmet · · Score: 5, Funny
    I'm reminded of an old joke one of my math professors used to tell me.

    There were a group of people in a room of different professions, and a theorem was put forth onto the board that stated that all Odd Numbers Are Prime. Each person was supposed to disprove this.

    The mathematician started off by looking at each number.

    1, 3, 5, 7, 9.... 9 is not prime, the theorem is false.

    The social worker turned in a long sheet of paper going "2 is prime, 4 is prime, 6 is prime..." etc.

    The physicist turned in the following:

    1... 3... 5... 7... 9 (Experimental Error), 11, 13.....

    --
    /^[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,4}$/i
    1. Re:An old poke at physicists. by Sigy · · Score: 1

      That's funny but when you tell it skip the one (one is not prime - have you watched Billy Madison one too many times?)

    2. Re:An old poke at physicists. by HaeMaker · · Score: 1

      There was a long running thread on this joke on the GIMPS mailing list...

      http://community.silverlink.net/poke/archive5/04 38 .html

    3. Re:An old poke at physicists. by Heraklit · · Score: 1

      Well, there are many variants on that one.

      f.ex. the engineer:
      1 is prime, 3 is prime, 5 is prime, 7 is prime, 9 is prime, 11 is prime,...

      and how about the computer scientist:
      1 is prime. proven.

      (actually, it's not really clear if 1 is prime, that depends on the exact definition.)

    4. Re:An old poke at physicists. by kisrael · · Score: 4, Funny

      Ehh, I've heard some funnier variants:
      Mathemetician...
      "1 is prime, 3 is prime, 5 is prime, 7 is prime. The result follows by induction."

      Engineer...(kind of close to the physicist one)
      "1 is prime, 3 is prime, 5 is prime, 7 is prime. 9 is...prime enough for practical purposes, 11 is prime..."

      And my favorite
      Computer Scientist...
      "1 is prime, 1 is prime, 1 is prime, 1 is prime, 1 is prime..."

      I think all these better reflect on their professions (and I hate the variants where one of the professions "gets it right", usually told by a member of that profession.

      1 is prime, 3 is prime, 5 is prime, 7 is prime,

      --
      SO YOU'RE GOING TO DIE: The Comic for Dealing with Death
    5. Re:An old poke at physicists. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      1 is not prime and 2 IS.

      prime number = natural number that have exactly
      two divisors : 1 and itself.

      1 only has one divisor = 1
      two can only be divided by 1 and 2 -> prime

    6. Re:An old poke at physicists. by ovapositor · · Score: 1

      Give me a break. I mean what is 1!(Factorial)? 1. One usually has special properties afforded to it so that all of those goofy power series formula work out.

    7. Re:An old poke at physicists. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't get the social worker part. Are they just plain stupid?

    8. Re:An old poke at physicists. by Bingo+Foo · · Score: 2, Informative
      prime number = natural number that have exactly
      two divisors : 1 and itself.

      1 only has one divisor = 1

      But you didn't say "exactly two unique divisors," so:

      • Is 1 divisible by 1? Yes.
      • Is 1 divisble by itself? Yes.
      • Is 1 divisible by any other natural number? No.
      Therefore, 1 is prime.
      --
      taken! (by Davidleeroth) Thanks Bingo Foo!
    9. Re:An old poke at physicists. by mfli · · Score: 1

      Actually, a prime number, or prime for short, is a natural number larger than 1 that has as its only positive divisors (factors?) 1 and itself. (source)

      So by definition, 1 is not a prime.

    10. Re:An old poke at physicists. by jafac · · Score: 2

      Democratic ex-US-president.

      Well, 9 is prime, of course it is. It just depends on what the definition of is is!

      --

      These are my friends, See how they glisten. See this one shine, how he smiles in the light.
    11. Re:An old poke at physicists. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      1! = 1 is not a special case. You're just using the simpler definition of factorial. Integral of (t^1)(e^-t) from 0 to infinity is 1.

    12. Re:An old poke at physicists. by xercist · · Score: 2

      Following your logic, I own 50 cars.
      I never said unique cars, so I'm clearly correct in saying I have 50, even though I'm referring to the single car I own each of 50 times.

      --

      --
      grep "xercist" /dev/random ...you'll find me in there someday
    13. Re:An old poke at physicists. by zCyl · · Score: 2

      prime number = natural number that have exactly
      two divisors : 1 and itself.


      The key phrase here is "exactly two." Exactly two does not mean one or two divisors. You cannot count a single divisor multiple times, this makes no more sense than counting your money multiple times when trying to figure out how much you have.

      1 is not prime, by the mathematically accepted definition of prime.

    14. Re:An old poke at physicists. by smiff · · Score: 1
      Mathematicians don't like to call 1 prime. Consider the prime factorization theorem, which says than any number can be uniquely broken down into its prime factors:

      35 = 5 x 7
      144 = 2^4 x 3^2
      12,636 = 2^2 x 3^5 x 13

      If you consider 1 prime, there are infinate possible ways to represent the prime factors:

      35 = 1 x 5 x 7
      35 = 1^3456 x 5 x 7

      There are a number of proofs that assume the prime factorization theorem is true, and the prime factorization theorem assumes that 1 is not prime. If you go off and assume that 1 is prime, you have to re-evaluate all proofs that depend on the prime factorization theorem. Would it make a difference? I don't know, but it brings a whole lot of math into question.

    15. Re:An old poke at physicists. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't get the social worker part. Are they just plain stupid?

      Me neither.

      BTW, If any geek thinks social workers are "stupid", let them try such work for while. It may not require much acedemic intelligence, but it does require hard-to-quantify skills.

    16. Re:An old poke at physicists. by DavidTC · · Score: 1
      Well, yes, but that's 'answering' the question by defining it away. You can't just make two catagories that supposedly mean something, and then run across the one exception and define which it goes in. You have to figure out what the catagories are really trying to define, what the 'magical' properties of primes are, and does one have those properties.

      You can't just say 'Pfft, I'm sticking it in the non-prime camp by excluding it from the primes'.

      Personally, in many instances of how primes are used, one doesn't matter either way, but in the rest of them, one breaks the rules, like prime factorization and the sieve of what's-his-name, where you have to not count 1 as a prime number. That's the 'reason' it's not a prime, it breaks things, it's not non-prime because God declared it so. It doesn't fit the rules for the rest of the primes and what you can do with them.

      And a much more non-exceptional defination is 'a prime number is a number that has exactly two unique factors'. None of this silliness about 'one and itself', none about greater than one, just 'exactly two unique factors'.

      --
      If corporations are people, aren't stockholders guilty of slavery?
    17. Re:An old poke at physicists. by Ricardo+Lima · · Score: 1

      Well, that is the whole point. 1 is not prime "BY DEFINITION".

      --
      Ricardo da Silva Lima
    18. Re:An old poke at physicists. by jonasj · · Score: 1

      Software Salesperson: 1 is prime, 3 is prime, 5 is prime, 7 is prime, 9 will be prime in the next release, ...

      Accountant: 1 is prime, 3 is prime, 5 is prime, 7 is prime, 9 is prime deducing 10% tax and 5% other obligations, ...

      Statistician: Let's try several randomly chosen numbers: 17 is prime, 19 is prime, 3 is prime, 11 is prime...

      Advertiser: 1 is prime, 3 is prime, 5 is prime, 7 is prime, 11 is prime, ...

      Psychologist: 1 is prime, 3 is prime, 5 is prime, 7 is prime, 9 is prime but tries to suppress it,...

      --
      You know, Microsoft's street address also says a lot about their mentality.
    19. Re:An old poke at physicists. by StevenMaurer · · Score: 2

      A better equivalent is this:

      Special-Prosecutor: "Would you agree your lawyer is horrible at math because he actually believes 9 is NOT prime?"

      Ex-President: "Is horrible at math?"

      Special-Prosecutor: "YES! Is horrible! Nine not being prime? What a joke!"

      Ex-President: "Well, I guess it depends on what your definition of IS is."

      It came out sounding like Clinton was trying to twist the word "is" into something it wasn't, but in reality he was defending the word's clear meaning from the GOP special-prosecutor's attempt to twist it into something it's not (a.k.a "was").

    20. Re:An old poke at physicists. by DavidTC · · Score: 1
      No, it's not. One doesn't fit the defination of prime, but that's not what makes it not-prime.

      One is not prime because it break prime theory if it is prime, and hence the defination excludes it.

      Definations do not define reality. Prime is a useful term for a set of numbers, and that set of numbers does not include 1, so one is excluded and hence not prime. The dictionary didn't make it not prime, the fact it doesn't act like a prime number makes it not prime.

      --
      If corporations are people, aren't stockholders guilty of slavery?
  24. good one by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Heh.

  25. not again by Scaebor · · Score: 1

    I guess that means I'll have to take in the 'ol starship for yet another speedometer recalibration. sigh...

    --
    "Hey brother Christian with your high and mighty errand / your actions speak so loud I can't hear a word you're saying"
  26. WallsRSolid is skeptical by WallsRSolid · · Score: 1

    Perhaps it is because I belong to the Physics Establishment, but it seems like early hype. I do not have a subscription to Nature, but I'm sure the results are preliminary and have error bars larger than the effect itself.

    While such an fundamental upset is certainly possible, I will hold my reservations until the data has been pored over by these physicists' peers and their experiment repeated with greater precision.

    The ramifications of varying speed of light theories are quite significant, and most of them tend to break physics. Take everything with a grain of salt.

    ---
    This sig was generated by a Barrel of Attack Ninjas for WallsRSolid (591098).

    1. Re:WallsRSolid is skeptical by streak · · Score: 1

      Things like this remind me of the infamous papers that tried to prove that NP=P.
      Yes, its actually a good thing that this is being published in Nature. There it can be exposed to a forum of many other physicists who will try and prove the validity of the claim.
      We shall see what they come up with in 6 months or so.

    2. Re:WallsRSolid is skeptical by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Actually the experiment was done a few years ago, it was an experiment to measure alpha, the fine structure "constant", and the error bars are SMALLER than the effect: it is highly statistically significant (4 sigma for those who know about these things - would only happen by chance once in ten thousand times).


      This Nature article is a very misguided attempt to put theoretical constraints on what might explain varying alpha. The authors didn't realise that the numerical values of dimensionful quantities (like c) which have units, aren't physically meaningful. You can always choose your units of length and time so that c changes and e is constant, or vice versa! - the only physically meaningful things are dimensionless numbers and ratios. They really got themselves into a big mess by making hidden assumptions about what varied and what did not - e.g. the mass of the black hole, in the end they were not comparing like with like.


      Also, they used a formula which is only appropriate in a theory in which alpha is constant and nothing changes! So, the calculation is not even self-consistent. Using a theory which can accomodate changing alpha, you would probably get yet a different answer for the entropy. Such theories do exist and, while they have their problems, don't involve throwing away relativity.


      tdent@umich.edu

  27. Possibilities? by yeoua · · Score: 5, Interesting

    One possibility, though, is that the structure of the vacuum in space has changed. This is where we get into the rather spooky world of quantum physics. When light travels through a medium other than a vacuum, such as glass or water, it slows down. A vacuum, far from being empty, is teeming with quantum "virtual" particles that flit in and out of existence.

    Sometimes those particles become real, such as under a strong electric charge, Lineweaver says. If the vacuum of space is changing uniformly across the universe, just as the universe is expanding uniformly, it could affect the speed of light.


    Well... this was the hypothesis that was given in the article... and from the looks of this, it seems that there is a possibility that light didn't slow down at all. Here he explains that it is the medium that light is travelling in that is slowing it down. So light's top speed in a vacuum may still be the same... c, but the medium, the universe, is changing. Who knows.

    But if light is slowing down, then that faster than light travel maybe possible. However, how the hell do you see anything when your going faster than any signal? Well... maybe you can communicate with the spooky particles and get instant communication while travelling at faster than light speeds. Of course you'd best be sure your data arrived promptly, as you'll never see the planet you just rammed.

    1. Re:Possibilities? by streak · · Score: 1

      Of course traveling at "faster than the speed of light" goes back to the whole explanation that those people who do the technical stuff for Star Trek propose...the ship is not moving faster than the speed of light actually, space is just contracting and expanding around it, etc. etc. etc...

    2. Re:Possibilities? by cesspool · · Score: 1

      this makes sense to me, sort of. if the universe is ever-expanding, doesnt it stand to reason that all matter contained in said universe would be getting less dense?

    3. Re:Possibilities? by DavidTC · · Score: 1
      You know, I was thinking the exact same thing..are we talking about the speed of light in a hypothetical 'perfect' vacuum (Which it has been suggested is infinite, or possibly zero.), or the speed of light in the 'vacuum' of the starting universe vs. the 'vacuum' of present day?

      And I have no clue what this 'maybe FTL is possible' silliness is (From the article, not from you.). If the speed of light slowed down to 60 mph, I fail to see how we wouldn't start seeing relativistic effects at about ~40 mph, and people wouldn't be able to accelerate over 59 mph.

      It's not like we can't accelerate faster than the speed of light because it's 'so fast', it's because it's the friggin speed of light and time slows down to a stop as you approach it, it's not going to matter if that's 186,000 mps or 60 mph. And if you do manage to go over it, you're experience time backwards, which would make driving very confusing. (Of course, if everyone on the expressway was going that fast, it might just work, but I pity the exit ramps where you'll run into yourself going the other direction in time and space as you cross 60 mph. A one car collision!)

      --
      If corporations are people, aren't stockholders guilty of slavery?
    4. Re:Possibilities? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > But if light is slowing down, then that faster than light travel maybe possible.

      I believe this is false. As a body approaches light speed, the resistance of the body against further speed increase goes up. "the resistance of the body against further speed increase" is the mass of the body.

      So suppose the light speed is 20 km/h. As you speed up, you find yourself getting heavier and heavier. After a while you just don't have enough energy to make you go any faster.

    5. Re:Possibilities? by dodobh · · Score: 2

      Hmmm, the limit is the speed of light in absolute vacuum.
      We already know FTL motion exists in media (Cerenkov effect). Google for that.

      --
      I can throw myself at the ground, and miss.
    6. Re:Possibilities? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I get the weirdest mental images when people speak about 'spooky particles' and 'spooky interactions'.

      See, my cats name is Spooky, so things like spooky interaction at a distance is when I go to open a can of tuna, and he smells it before I pierce the can..

    7. Re:Possibilities? by juhaz · · Score: 1

      But absolute vacuum is only "absolute" vacuum as we, huge clumsy matter things perceive it, it's really crawling with all sorts of weird quantum particles, that are probably somehow associated with its properties.

      Maybe vacuum has changed over time. Maybe there are even different kinds of vacuum existing at the same time in different parts of universe.

    8. Re:Possibilities? by BCGlorfindel · · Score: 1

      Actually, 'seeing' what is ahead of you wouldn't be a problem at the speed of light. You wouldn't be able to see anything behind you, but from anything ahead of you would still reach you as it always did.

  28. Nothing's like it used to be by wrinkledshirt · · Score: 5, Funny

    Back in my day, light was blimblamming all over the place! We had GOOD light in those days. Yessiree, you couldn't go outside with your onion strapped to your belt (as was the fashion at the time) without getting knocked over by rays of light all the time! Not like today's LAZY light, mind you.

    --

    --------
    Bleah! Heh heh heh... BLEAH BLEAH!!! Ha ha ha ha...

    1. Re:Nothing's like it used to be by unicron · · Score: 2

      Is that story true? Kind of. Their was a period during the 40's in which I wore a dress.

      --
      Finally, math books without any of that base 6 crap in them.
    2. Re:Nothing's like it used to be by nEoN+nOoDlE · · Score: 2

      well, light's gettin' old and slow like the rest of us, what can ya say?

      --
      Don't trust a bull's horn, a doberman's tooth, a runaway horse or me.
    3. Re:Nothing's like it used to be by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Back in my day we didn't have light. We were lucky to get infrared radiation, but only after working 130 hour weeks and going on one pepper seed a month for food.

    4. Re:Nothing's like it used to be by Tablizer · · Score: 2


      Instead of geeks wearing shirts that say "E=mc^2", back then their shirts said "E=mc^1.9999924384729".

      Not quite as catchy. I'm glad it changed.

    5. Re:Nothing's like it used to be by anandsr · · Score: 1

      Well its not the exponent that is changing its the
      speed of light. So the equation still remains E=mc^2.
      only c goes from 3*10^8m/s to 2.9999924384729*10^8m/s

    6. Re:Nothing's like it used to be by nanojath · · Score: 3, Funny
      My favorite line from the article... "The discovery means faster-than-light travel, which is prohibited by the law of relativity, may one day be possible."


      Yeah, big freakin' deal if light's only going 75 mph by then.

      --

      It Is the Nature of Information to Transgress Artificial Boundaries

    7. Re:Nothing's like it used to be by J_T_Biggs · · Score: 1

      impossible... Einstein noted that there are 3 spacial demensions and one time. together spacetime. He also said that each and all objects are traveling through spacetime at the speed of light. In other words, an object a rest has no motion in spacecial dimensions so all of the motion is in the time dimension. If you are traveling at 500 mph then you have a little of your motion in the space dimensions and the rest in the time dimension. therefore, you travel through time billionths of a second slower. The means that photons do not age. The light created at the big bang is the same age as it was then. If light is slowing down then so are we all because we do not have enough motion to travel through spacetime with. Now, IANAP and there may be more information that proves this wrong (supersting theory for example) however I am not sure.

  29. Readers Digest of Science Magazines by puto · · Score: 1, Offtopic

    Jeez, nothing reported in that digital rag is exactly new. I knew most of those facts at the ripe old age of 10.

    The article reads like a Readers Digest condensed version of the theory of relativity. Was it a slow day so he broke out a 1979 Geographic World Book and scammed their article?

    "Motion, it turns out, slows time - one of the funny effects of the law of relativity. At low speeds, the effect is slight and makes no difference to our daily lives."

    I learned this in the Superman flick when the Big S flew around the earth to save his sweetheart. Then went to the libray and read up on it.

    Too many people in the academic world feel they must publish. Fine, do it, but don't rehash. Show me something new, groundbreaking.

    BORED with the scientific community as of late.

    Puto

    --
    The Revolution Will Not Be Televised
    1. Re:Readers Digest of Science Magazines by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      You idiot, that article linked to, which you quoted, is merely a news organizations description of the effect, as reported in the Nature article. It's written for the general public, not scientists. If you had read the Nature article and come to the same conclusion, then your post would be somewhat worthwhile.

      Have you ever read actual science journal articles? Or is the Science Times, or as you prefer, Superman movies, the limit of your inquiry into the scientific world?

      Go read the real thing, not read about reporters watering it down for the general public.

    2. Re:Readers Digest of Science Magazines by Hamstaus · · Score: 1

      You seem to have misplaced the point of the article... it's not trying to repeat Einstein by saying motion slows time. It's saying that the speed of light might not actually be constant, if these new results are in fact correct.

      You can't fault the journalist for trying to piece things together for the common layperson either. If they didn't try to explain things simply, no one but theoretical physicists would read their paper. And then it would be a science journal. Despite what you may view as simplistic, they are actually performing a useful function by piquing interest in the subject for Joe Sixpack.

      --
      I moderate "-1, Fool"
    3. Re:Readers Digest of Science Magazines by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You arrogant sick son of a bitch, If you are that smart what the fuck are you doing reading slashdot.

  30. Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by danpbrowning · · Score: 3, Interesting

    This is exactly the case put forward by Dr. Walt Brown (Ph. D.).

    --
    Daniel
    1. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why is this modded up?? Does no one realize the link is to some Creationism site??

    2. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm sorry, but someone who puts "creation" and "science" in the same sentence is not credible in my book.

    3. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ah. Flamebait.

    4. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, because obviously we're so confident with our current theories. We don't even know basic shit like the speed of light. Man will be creating universes at some point in our future. Wouldn't we be God then?

    5. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by kolbeinn · · Score: 1

      Oh my.
      The creationists (Walter Brown & co.) use measurements from 1675 to prove their case.
      Here is a site discussing this c-decay

      --
      End of line
    6. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Fuseboy · · Score: 1

      Whatever you think of him, he puts forward an interesting test for his theory, namely that distant objects would be observed in slow motion. In the case of binary stars, as he points out, this would show them rotating about one another more slowly than we'd expect. My physics isn't enough to know whether this is also true of gravitationally red-shifted light.

    7. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    8. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by cyril3 · · Score: 1
      But according to creation scientists it has slowed down from infinity to its current speed in 6000 years. At that rate we have about 2 years left before I can beat it on my pushbike.

      Or has it stopped slowing down now. If so why, Dr Brown.

    9. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by lugonn · · Score: 1
      Have you heard of relativity? Your slowing down with the light, so to you, time never seems to change pace. Nor would the consistancy of the speed of light untill you look at it over a long enough distance (hard to do when your so small). The spacial distance you move through does change though, and there in lies the paradox.

      There is no age to the universe. It was always here. God could've pushed some dimesions together and made the universe we know. But that doesn't mean it happened 6,000 or 16,000,000,000 years ago. All it means is that it is there. Why does it have to have an age. What a stupid paradigm.

    10. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by EvilBastard · · Score: 2, Funny

      "The universe is only 6000 years old, and as one of the supporting pieces of evidence, here's some measurements from something that's 15 billion years old."

      He's about as deserving of the Doctor title as Doctor Nick Riviera

    11. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Dirtside · · Score: 2, Flamebait

      Except that Dr. Brown wants to use the idea to disprove the theory of evolution. The amount that the speed of light would need to change to be of any use to creation "science" (which is about as far from scientific as you can get) is orders of magnitude higher than what's been detected here.

      --
      "Destroy science and religion. Science would re-emerge exactly the same; but not religion." - Penn Jillette, paraphrased
    12. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by good-n-nappy · · Score: 2, Insightful

      What's interesting to me is the uniformly violent reaction of the "educated" crowd to creation scientists (e.g. read a few of the above posts). I'll admit they somewhat deserve it because of their history of intolerance and quackery but they have been correct about a number of things, many of which are still to be discovered.

      Take for example the BS theories of evolution that were passed around as fact until recently. You know, the ones that said that evolution happens at a very slow rate. Creationists argued against this for years because of the nature of how fossils are created. Evolutionists finally caught on and now almost all the recent theories talk about periods of very rapid evolution.

      It's true that a lot of what they're saying is shit. But its also true that traditional scientists are full of it too. All I'm asking is that before you blast it out of the water as religious ranting, consider that they probably have a much more critical view of accepted science than you. Consider whether you what to be the one defending the status quo.

      You should read Dr. Brown's 20 questions for evolutionists. No true scientist can read the traditional "irreducible complexities" (like the Bombardier Beetle) without questioning current theories of evolution.

      --
      Never underestimate the power of fiber.
    13. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      "The universe is only 6000 years old, and as one of the supporting pieces of evidence, here's some measurements from something that's 15 billion years old."

      He's about as deserving of the Doctor title as Doctor Nick Riviera



      This is not in the least what Dr. Brown claims. It's more like "The univerise is only 6000 years old, and as one of the supporting pieces of evidence, here's some measurement from something that we could deduce is 15 billion years old only if one accepts the constancy of the speed of light, which we reject. Here's some more evidence..."
    14. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Walt Brown's PhD is in mechanical engineering; are you qualified to judge his thesis based on the information you currently have? If not, why are you judging him lacking - just because he draws a different conclusion than you do?

    15. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by BlueFashoo · · Score: 1

      ...correct about a number of things, many of which are still to be discovered.

      How can you be correct about somthing wich has yet to be discovered?

      --
      Nice Marmot
    16. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1

      Why can't it decrease in speed following a formula like y=x^2 where x=speed of light and y= time passed since the origin of the universe? In which case we would expect light to steady out to an almost constant rate eventually, with a huge decrease in speed near the beginning.

    17. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1
      As I said here:

      Slashdot Post

    18. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1
      Just to add to the parent post some thoughts.

      Creation scientists claimed for a while the possibility of the speed of light decreasing. They were hammered about this from every quarter. Now it seems that it might be credible.

      A lot of science done seems to be based on the assumption that the universe is billions of years old, and that the earth itself is around 4.5 billion years old (subject to change). Indeed, a lot of dating methods such as c14 rely on assumptions that can't be verified - that would actually be false assumptions if we accept the creationist model including a worldwide flood.

      It seems to me that everyone could benefit from the creation vs evolution question being finally answered. Science can only go so far if it is based on a faulty foundation.

      So for all you budding evolutionists that are so sure your theory is correct - Dr. Walt Brown proposes a challenge which has never been taken up. A challenge that seems perfectly reasonable to me. If you don't feel you have the skills, then maybe you know others that do. Either way, the longer this challenge goes unanswered, the more certain creationists will feel about their position.

      So anyway, Dr Walt Brown has a challenge of a written debate to settle this question. So far argument has been refined to pockets of discussion that don't go far, and books published against each other. This would be a great opportunity if anyone was confident enough in evolution.

      And here's a list of excuses you might try to use to avoid this challenge:
      Excuses - pick one or roll your own

      At any rate, STOP treating creationists like children. I have had many evolution discussions and there is very little evidence for evolution at all. The weight certainly seems to be on the creationist side (and yes I am biased). There is certainly enough evidence for creation theory to make it credible, and not the realm of fairy tales. At least, before you feel tempted to call creationism a fairy tale, consider the following:
      20 problems

      Not all of us who believe in creationism do so blindly. At least understand (because very few people I've argued with understand the creationist position - they just know we think that the earth is young and there was a flood. That's it) our position and consider it properly. When I see a creationist argument I think to myself automatically, "If I believed evolution, how would I answer this?". That is because I understand evolution, at least as well as the next person. But no-one seems to understand the creationist position.

    19. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1
      So what? Evolution is a religion and a philosophy - and a fairy tale at that. You almost sound like you want to censor information. If you are so sure of evolution, then read the challenge in this post:

      Challenge

    20. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I agree with you on the dating methods being fault if the age of the Earth is wrong.

      Now, as for the whole creation/evolution stuff, how much evidence is there actually in place that is in favor of evolution that does not fall into any of the following categories:

      1. Violates/changes laws of physics as known (please consider that until the results of this story are reproduced that the speed of light is still considered a constant).

      2. Relies on the idea that if you are missing a piece of evidence, then your answer must be wrong. One can only be proven wrong by counter-evidence, not by missing pieces of evidence for their position.

      3. Is not entirely religious in nature (the Bible/Koran/ says it is true, for example, is not a valid piece of evidence).

      4. Is not unfalsfiable (that is to say that there is a method by which it can be proven wrong, and it stands up to the test).

      I'll probably have more conditions to add to this list once I have some more time to think about it.

      As for the challenge presented, I know that I cannot out-debate a Ph.D. Whether I am right or wrong does not matter. If anyone out there is actually good enough to stand a chance against, go for it.

      As an aside, I wonder how many creationists out there have realized that even if some form of creationism is true, that it doesn't prove anything about their individual religions. In other words, even if the universe was created, that doesn't mean that it was created by the God of Abraham, or by Brahma, etc, etc, etc.

    21. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I happen to have discovered the Setterfield theory some years ago, and it poses some interesting facts that I believe a lot of people dismiss too quickly as quackery.

      1) Setterfield himself is nutty, and much of his analysis is flawed.

      2) Other people have performed a variety of statistical test, and the preponderance show that the speed of light is decreasing using the usual 90% confidence rules. The few tests that fail at 90% are still 70% confident of a decrease in C over time (though again, not necessarily in accordance with Setterfields conclusions).

      3) The old datum that is often derided because of its age is actually a very strong datapoint (meassuring the variation in Jupiter's moons and back-calculating for speed of light). Using modern distance measurements, and running the probable error bars for the telescopes of the day, you still get C about 7% high from its current standard value. This measurement is hard to dismiss as experimental error alone.

      4) One common criticism of the Setterfied theory is that the speed fo light seem to be constant measured from about 1960 on. One simple answer to this is that this is when be began measuring everything super accurate with the super-precise atomic clocks (which unfortunately would be drifting lockstep with the change in C) Speed of light measurement using self-referential atomic clock timing would then show a constant C since 1960

      5) Again (though I feel certain most or all would say Setterfield is a nut), there have been about 20 articles in past 3 years in serious science journals suggesting the speed of light was higher in the past (some saying 20+ orders of magnitude from current value). These are argued on basis of making the big bang work out, etc. Not creationists looking to start the univeral clock in 4004 BC

      Is Dr. Brown a nut? I heard him speak once and he sounded safe to be on the streets. Is his creation science sound? - if so, we'll never know for sure since it cannot be reproduced, and thus would not normally be considered valid science - evolution has a similar problem BTW).

      Is the speed of light constant over time? Don't be so sure. There is also experiemental evidence that the gravitational constant varies over time. This "fact" has simply been assumed, and does not derive from first principals.

    22. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1

      "As an aside, I wonder how many creationists out there have realized that even if some form of creationism is true, that it doesn't prove anything about their individual religions. In other words, even if the universe was created, that doesn't mean that it was created by the God of Abraham, or by Brahma, etc, etc, etc."

      Yes I have considered that and I am well aware that if creationism was proven to be true that there would not be a mass renewing of people to Christianity. The three most viable religions if creationism is proven true are:
      * Judaism
      * Christianity
      * Islam
      Along with all the cults under those (such as Mormons and Jehovah's Witnesses). As for other religions, Hinduism teaches a universe trillions of years old. New Agers teach in the Masters who have guided the evolution of mankind over the years.
      Interestingly enough, almost every religion (including Hinduism) has a concept of there being one Creator God. It seems like mankind as a whole understands that we have a Creator. It's just the question of what service, if any, is owed to Him. His nature and His revealed truth. There are very few in the world that deny the existence of one God above all the other gods.

      Anyway, enough droning on for me.

    23. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What makes those three religions (the Abrahamic religions, to be specific) more viable than all others?

      Is it in some way connected to their similarity to each other and raw popularity, or is there something I'm missing?

    24. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by tunah · · Score: 2
      but they have been correct about a number of things, many of which are still to be discovered.

      Explain?

      --
      Free Java games for your phone: Tontie, Sokoban
    25. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Black+Parrot · · Score: 2


      > > ...correct about a number of things, many of which are still to be discovered.

      > How can you be correct about somthing wich has yet to be discovered?

      That's how creationism works. Scientists try to deduce how the universe works by looking at the evidence, but creationists start with a "known" answer and spend their time spinning the evidence to support it.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    26. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Were you the first post here?
      http://talkorigins.org/origins/feedback/jul 02.html

      Hardly even worth wasting time with this. A tiny change in speed possibly due to variations in vaccuum versus enormous change over 6000 years?
      Please. There is no comparison.

      And the problems this theory runs into have been covered frequently before. If you actually care, I can provide information.

    27. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Black+Parrot · · Score: 2, Flamebait


      > Take for example the BS theories of evolution that were passed around as fact until recently. You know, the ones that said that evolution happens at a very slow rate. Creationists argued against this for years because of the nature of how fossils are created. Evolutionists finally caught on and now almost all the recent theories talk about periods of very rapid evolution.

      Pardon, but you're showing the ignorance that is a prerequisite for being a creationist. Scientists still think that most evolution proceeds at a very slow rate, and even the "fast" episodes in Gould's punctuated equilibrium model are "fast" only on the geological scale. And BTW, punctuated equilibrium is nothing like the creationist catastrophist models you are trying to claim as an intellectual predecessor for it.

      > It's true that a lot of what they're saying is shit.

      It's true that everything they say is shit.

      > No true scientist can read the traditional "irreducible complexities" (like the Bombardier Beetle) without questioning current theories of evolution.

      No true scientist can hear the term "irreducible complexity" without laughing an ass off. IC is just a variant of the traditional god-of-the-gaps modle of the universe, where god is active exactly where we don't know the details of the real explanation yet. And whenever we do discover new details, creationists just relocate their god to a smaller gap.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    28. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by bobdobbs69 · · Score: 1

      In response to the 20 questions pointed to by Tyreth (note it might be nice to quote people other than Dr. Walt Brown intellegent as he might be):

      1. Where has macroevolution ever been observed?
      Galapagos island by Charles Darwin. Read his "The Orgin of the Species" see the finches.

      What's the mechanism for getting new complexity such as new vital organs?
      Selection of advantagous traits.

      If any of the thousands of vital organs evolved, how could the organism live before getting the vital organ, because without a vital organ, the organism is dead by definition?
      An organ does not have to be a vital organ to start out with. It can be an intresting oddity before it became important. Take a look at the heart. Before the heart there was an open circulatory system, the organs would just float within a fluid and recieve the nutriants as fast as they can defuse. When through chance something started moving the fluid that creature would be better able to survive, maybe more efficent. Using the theory of evolution, its decendants would be better able to survive and would have a competative advantage.

      If a reptile's leg evolved into a bird's wing, wouldn't it become a bad leg long before it became a good wing?
      Why can it not be a bad wing, assisting in jumping before its a good wing?

      How could metamorphosis evolve?
      Metamorphosis could evolve as a developmental step. Much like an egg developing into fish a second change is not out of the question.

      2. Do you realize how complex living things are?
      What kind of question is this? A rhetorical one? ;) They are complicated.

      How could organs as complicated as the eye or the ear or the brain of even a tiny bird ever come about by chance or natural processes?
      Using the brain as an example, c. elegans a nematode worm has 302 neurons which govern its behaviour. It can avoid adverse conditions, engage in sexual reproductions etc. An amoba can do the same thing, with less exactly.

      How could a bacterial motor evolve?
      Molecular pumps are rather simple structures. A collection of them form a bacterial motor. Assumably a random collection of gradient pumps could self assemble and be reproducable which would all the single cell bacteria to move.

      3. Where are the billions of transitional fossils that should be there if your theory is right? Billions! Not a handful of questionable transitions.
      Stephan Gould and Niles Eldredge had a punctuated evolution theory which seems to fit the bill. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/punc-eq.html

      Why don?t we see a reasonably smooth continuum among all living creatures, or in the fossil record, or both?
      See above.

      4. Textbooks show an evolutionary tree, but where is its trunk and where are its branches?
      At the trunk are prokaryotes and virii. From there there is the eukaryotes and branching from there are the 3-7 kingdoms.


      For example, what are the evolutionary ancestors of the insects?
      Nematode worms

      5. How could the first living cell begin? That's a greater miracle than for a bacteria to evolve to a man.
      The first cell was a myocel, lipid bi-layer. It collected the "stuff of life together". For the second part why are we talking about miracles if this is a scientific discussion? =)


      How could that first cell reproduce?
      They probably didn't. It probably took billions of years before something came around that did. The other cells simply ceased to be after the enviornment ripped them apart. It was only when they started to reproduce that life as we think about it really get going.


      Just before life appeared, did the atmosphere have oxygen or did it not have oxygen? Whichever choice you make creates a terrible problem for evolution.
      Why would it be a terrible problem? The first atmosphere probably was anaerobic (no oxygen), the first photosynthsis started pumping oxygen into the air but in stagnent pools that would not have mattered. There still exists anaerobic enviornments to this day. The first cell that could use this would gain much more energy 36 ATP vs 4 ATP from a glucose molecule. There is a significant advantage to get more energy from a unit of food.


      6. Please point to a strictly natural process that creates information.
      Off the top of my head, snowflakes. They form an intricate crystaline structure which can be considered information. And all it takes is some cold and water.

      What evidence is there that information, such as that in DNA, could ever assemble itself?
      What reason could it not? Anyway, the Miller/Urey experiment demonstrated that amino acids "The building blocks of life" could be formed from "non-life".
      http://www2.bc.edu/~strother/GE_146/lectures/9.htm l

      What about the 4,000 books of coded information that are in a tiny part of each of your 100 trillion cells?
      So? What about the 10000 books of information encoded on a DVD? A snow bank can contain huge complexity and most people would not argue that an "intellegent creator" made that.

      If astronomers received an intelligent signal from some distant galaxy, most people would conclude that it came from an intelligent source. Why then doesn't the vast information sequence in the DNA molecule of just a bacteria also imply an intelligent source?

      Yes, by definition if there was an intelligent signal it would come from an intellegent source. A complex signal does not require an intellegent source. There is a difference. DNA is undoubtably complex but is it an intellegent signal? Arguing that it is an intellegent signal because it came from an intellegent source, and that there is an intellegent source because of DNA's intellegent signal seems rather circular doesn't it?


      7. Which came first, DNA or the proteins needed by DNA, which can only be produced by DNA?
      Actually RNA. RNA can catalyze its own replication. DNA is more stable and came later.

      8. How could sexual reproduction evolve?
      E. Coli a simple bacteria reproduces primarly asexual reproduction. They can hook up and form a bridge of cytoplasm and swap DNA. This doesn't seem very complicated.
      http://www.is.irl.cri.nz/level3/bacteria.html

      How could immune systems evolve?
      Single cells can either gain resources from the static enviornment, or they can go after other cells by engulfing them. The other cells obviously do not want this to happen and have developed several methods of thwarting this including using their lysosomes to "counter attack" an immune system is just this on a grander scale.

      9. If it takes intelligence to make an arrowhead, why doesn't it take vastly more intelligence to create a human?
      Arrowhead shapes can be formed by natural phenomon such as glaciers. It may not take intellegence to make a human (one night of reckless abandon will do that) but to do it from scratch would probably take a long time.

      Do you really believe that hydrogen will turn into people if you wait long enough?
      Sure, though a "Do you really believe" type question is rhetorical in nature.


      10. If the solar system evolved, why do three planets spin backwards? Why do at least eight moons revolve backwards?
      Why shouldn't they spin another way, why is one way backwards? Though I kinda didn't want to use "god", what purpose in the grand design does different spin planets serve?

      11. Can you name one reasonable hypothesis on how the moon got there?any hypothesis that is consistent with all the data?
      How about the "giant impact" theory?
      http://www.cnn.com/TECH/9707/28/moon.collision/

      Why aren't students told the scientific reasons for rejecting all the evolutionary theories for the moon's origin?
      Students have been told about various theories of development of the earth-moon system. While theories can be disproven a new theory like the "giant impact" should be addressed directly statements by people with an obvious agenda be it creation or evolution would probably not be the best sources of quotes. Paul M. Steidl in a book The Earth, the Stars, and the Bible would probably be considered biased.

      What about the other 90+ moons in the solar system?
      Most were probably planetoid capture, some were formed together. If there were 200 moons I see no oddity.


      I grow tired of typing. Rebutt these with logic and/or facts and I'll do the rest of the questions. Don't just point at a creationist website and say "see". Thats looser debate ;)

    29. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If God is subtle, but never devious, why does He conceal Himself in these gaps?

    30. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by tgibbs · · Score: 2
      What's interesting to me is the uniformly violent reaction of the "educated" crowd to creation scientists (e.g. read a few of the above posts). I'll admit they somewhat deserve it because of their history of intolerance and quackery but they have been correct about a number of things, many of which are still to be discovered.
      Leaving off the ludicrous "many of which are still to be discovered," the real reason why scientists have such a negative reaction against creationism is the penchant of creationists for engaging in intellectually dishonest debating tricks, and the strong suspicion that they are doing so knowingly. Here's a good example:
      Take for example the BS theories of evolution that were passed around as fact until recently. You know, the ones that said that evolution happens at a very slow rate. Creationists argued against this for years because of the nature of how fossils are created. Evolutionists finally caught on and now almost all the recent theories talk about periods of very rapid evolution.
      Here, the "trick" is obfuscation as to what constitutes "slow". The fact that some current evolutionary theorists believe that speciation can occur more rapidly than previous thought is distorted to suggest that they now agree with the assertions of the creationists. In fact, all evolutionary biologists--even "puctuated equilibrium" theorists like the last Stephen Jay Gould--still believe that the most rapid evolutionary change happens at a rate that is enormously slower than the creationist time scale of a few thousand years. And it has nothing whatsoever to do with "the nature of how fossils are created." And anybody who has read even a tiny bit of the scientific literature knows this quite well.
    31. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Black+Parrot · · Score: 2


      > What's interesting to me is the uniformly violent reaction of the "educated" crowd to creation scientists

      Perhaps you should ask yourself why educated people trash creationism and ignorant people trash science - instead of the other way around.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    32. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Copid · · Score: 1
      I haven't read the article yet myself, but I have some response to this.

      Creation scientists claimed for a while the possibility of the speed of light decreasing. They were hammered about this from every quarter. Now it seems that it might be credible.

      An analysis of Setterfield's famous c-decay paper can be found here. Among other problems, it includes a claim that while none of the data points lie on his curve, it achieves an r^2 value of 1.000000000. Is there another, better paper that should't have been torn apart so quickly? Otherwise, I leave the decision as to whether the "hammering" is fair as an exercise for the reader.

      A lot of science done seems to be based on the assumption that the universe is billions of years old, and that the earth itself is around 4.5 billion years old (subject to change). Indeed, a lot of dating methods such as c14 rely on assumptions that can't be verified - that would actually be false assumptions if we accept the creationist model including a worldwide flood.

      A couple of issues with this statement: First, C14 has nothing to do with dating the age of the earth (it's a short time scale tool). Second, the complaint against these methods is somewhat non-specific, but most of them are addressed in a good paper on the subjects (a number of which can be found here. Really, if the various methods were as fraught with problems as some people would lead you to believe, they would not agree with each other (they do) and scientists using them for other subjects that are not so politically charged would have stopped long ago. Do you really think that the experts in the field haven't thought about Dr. Brown's rudimentary criticisms? Bear in mind that a number of different methods rely on different "assumptions" but give the same answers. Third, we if we are stuck between assuming that a number of things we've observed as long as we've been doing science and assuming a worldwide flood, I'll assume the former.

      So anyway, Dr Walt Brown has a challenge [creationscience.com] of a written debate to settle this question. So far argument has been refined to pockets of discussion that don't go far, and books published against each other. This would be a great opportunity if anyone was confident enough in evolution.

      Dr. Brown consistently complains that people attack him in forums in which he cannot respond (books, etc.). I've never seen him in the talk.origins newsgroup. It's a written forum, just as he required. A number of the participants have Ph.D.s in their fields, just as he required. In fact, Dr. Brown's questions come up frequently and are usually answered by somebody knowledgable in the field.

      The fact is, people with Ph.D.s in natural sciences do have better things to do than spend a huge amount of time rehashing arguments that have long been responded to in other forums (please see the entire FAQ at talkorigins.org for examples). Dr. Brown points out that they have time to write books attacking his ideas. News flash: books are a perfectly valid form of written discourse and people get paid to write books.

      Anyway, my suggestion to Dr. Brown is this: If you have a specific complaint about a particular scientific method used to support modern evolutionary theory and or modern geology, write it up and see if you can get it into a real journal with real experts waiting to critique your reasoning. That's what the rest of the card carrying Ph.D.s in the world are doing while you're asking them to devote lengthy periods of their lives to debating under your terms. Remember, we're looking for specific problems that experts have not thought of and addressed already, not "I choose not to look at the extensive fossil record so it doesn't exist."

      At any rate, STOP treating creationists like children. I have had many evolution discussions and there is very little evidence for evolution at all. The weight certainly seems to be on the creationist side (and yes I am biased). There is certainly enough evidence for creation theory to make it credible, and not the realm of fairy tales. At least, before you feel tempted to call creationism a fairy tale, consider the following: 20 problems [creationscience.com]

      I have to point out that using the talkorigins.org handy dandy search engine, good answers (or at least, reasons why the question has nothing to do with evolution) to most of these questions are readily available. Specific complaints about those documents are more than welcome in the newsgroup.

      In kind, Tom Scharle has posted a set of 10 largely unanswered questions for the creationist side of things here. Among highlights are, "Where did all of the water from the flood come from and go?" and "Is there any observation which was predicted by your [creation] theory?"

      Anyway, I encourage anybody who is truly interested in complete, scientific answers to most of the questions Dr. Brown and others pose to spend a few hours searching the talkorigins.org archive. It's thorough, it's written by people who know their fields, and it includes complete references to papers reviewed and published in serious journals. They welcome and respond to feedback and if you want a real written debate, a number of the authors regularly post in the talk.origins newsgroup. This is more than can be said for most of the people who run major creationist sites. Perhaps, instead of trying to entice people into a debate on his terms, why doesn't Dr. Brown join the fray in a convenient, international forum where anybody can be heard?

      --
      An interesting anagram of "BANACH TARSKI" is "BANACH TARSKI BANACH TARSKI"
    33. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Copid · · Score: 1

      No reason why not, but let's see the evidence. The weight of observation to this point (new article notwithstanding) seems to be against it. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Bring it on!

      --
      An interesting anagram of "BANACH TARSKI" is "BANACH TARSKI BANACH TARSKI"
    34. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      I will look over your article, but while I am doing that please read 15 Answers to Creationist Nonsense.

      Also I wonder if your belief in Creationism stems from your belief in the Bible being the literal truth. I know many fundamentalist religions are always trying tout this way of looking at the Bible, and that not believing in its literal truth is paramount to atheism. The truth is that many mainstream Christian religions don't require this belief. You can have a liberal interpretation of the Bible and still believe in God. You can also believe in God and in evolution.

      If you actually read the Bible, beyond just the books of Genesis and Revelations, it is easy to see various inconsistencies. One just off the top of my head is how Judas Iscariot died. Matthew 27:5 recounts the popular version where Judas hangs himself. Acts 1:18 has Judas buy some land with the money he obtained for betraying Jesus, and in tending it falls to a fatal death. Which one is right? Does it matter? In both stories did you learn something?

      Another big inconsistency is the book of Genesis itself. Read the first chapter and the first three verses of chapter 2. This is one story of creation. Note how the animals are created before man is. Now read on past the second sentence in verse 2:4. Suddenly there is a second creation story that is not the same as the first. In this version man is created first and then God creates the animals. Have you not noticed this before?

      (Mind you, I am not saying that the Bible is bogus either. It would be hard for anyone to prove Jesus did not live and preach what he did, or that most of the stories in the Bible did not occur.)

      In Genesis, even if evolution is true, do we not gain many insights into who Man is? Can 'not being a perfect history' still make the Bible a timeless guide in living our lives? Or is it the factual truth and upon our death when we are at the gates of heaven, St Peter tells us to get out our No. 2 pencil and complete the Bible history test he has prepared for us. I often think that the latter view is what these Bible literalist think is going to happen.

    35. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by good-n-nappy · · Score: 1

      OK, in my rush to post I made a slightly ridiculous flame to generate a response. But my point is they have often been correct in the gist of their criticism (though not necessarily in their proposed resolution). For example, they have often criticized proposed evolutionary lines of descent. For example, whales come to mind. They were correct that the accepted lineage is wrong. They are probably incorrect that the solution is the creation theory they put forward.

      --
      Never underestimate the power of fiber.
    36. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well, I've taken the bait and read the questions. I'm not a scientist, just an ordinary bod, and I haven't got time to go into detail (many apologies) but the vast majority of them are based on such obvious fallacies, misunderstandings, false dichotomies and poor scientific thinking that I actually began to laugh in exasperation. Our understanding of evolution may be far from perfect but these questions don't do much to advance it. Try it. You'll like it.

    37. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by good-n-nappy · · Score: 1

      I will grant you that current evolutionary theory is not an extension of the theories of creationists. I will also grant you that these time scales are still much slower than creationists'. However, punctuated equilibrium does argue for periods of "faster" evolution for some value of "faster."

      My point was that the gist of the creationists' complaint was correct. Granted, the reasoning behind their complaint was probably flawed. Their argument has been that fossils are only created during catastrophic events and that fossils cut across multiple layers of rock. Thus the fossil record represents not millions but thousands of years. Look here, for example I am not endorsing this argument - I'm just saying that they've been making it for a long time.

      What I'm saying is that scientists would do well to listen to their biggest critics rather than reacting with such hostility. People with such a radically different world view can often see flaws in tenets that scientists just blindly accept.

      --
      Never underestimate the power of fiber.
    38. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by blancolioni · · Score: 1

      For example, they have often criticized proposed evolutionary lines of descent. For example, whales come to mind. They were correct that the accepted lineage is wrong.

      But if you run a scattershot of rejections over a field, you're bound to accidently hit something. This is as helpful as, say, fortune tellers being remembered for the one thing they got right, instead of the twelve thousand things they got wrong.

    39. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1

      You are missing the point. People were talking about how if light slowed at a constant pace you should be able to beat it in a pushbike in a couple of years. The assumption in that comment was that light decreased at a fixed, static rate. I was merely saying that it could decrease in the manner I suggested. There is no evidence for that any more than constant as far as I can tell.

    40. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1
      I grow tired of typing. Rebutt these with logic and/or facts and I'll do the rest of the questions. Don't just point at a creationist website and say "see". Thats looser debate ;)

      And I get tired of having to spell out every word to evolutionists who don't bother reading a creationist article correctly. The 20 questions were a summary. You neglected, it seems, to follow the links present with every single question. So you answered what you thought the problem was - not the actual problem.

      I can see why most wiser creationists avoid debating origins on forums. Evolutionists consistently ignore and forget what is being written.

      If you are so certain of evolution, then respond to the written challenge of the author.

      In response to the 20 questions pointed to by Tyreth (note it might be nice to quote people other than Dr. Walt Brown intellegent as he might be):

      Sure, but evolutionists only ever quote talkorigins.org - though you might say that's multiple authors. Whenever I quote ICR or Answers In Genesis, most evolutionists choke and have trouble even clicking the link. Walt Brown's work is untainted yet, so I can post links to it that evolutionsts have a chance of reading. If evolutionists were more open minded about considering alternative theories, then perhaps I'd be able to present a wider number of people's works.

    41. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1

      The fact that these three religions accept the Hebrew Scriptures which teach a 6000 year old universe. So if the universe, or the earth, was shown to be 6000 years old, then the religions that claimed that would be the most logical faiths to follow. Ones that had claimed millions/billions/trillions of years would seem the least likely.

    42. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1
      A couple of issues with this statement: First, C14 has nothing to do with dating the age of the earth (it's a short time scale tool).
      I am aware of that. C14 dating is common, and was an example I plucked out of numerous ones.
      Really, if the various methods were as fraught with problems as some people would lead you to believe, they would not agree with each other (they do) and scientists using them for other subjects that are not so politically charged would have stopped long ago.

      Evolution took the world by storm. It won by popularity contest even before there was evidence for it, just Charles Darwin's hypotheses. The world was ready to hear it and they grabbed onto it.

      Let's take an example. A fossil is found next to a trillobite. Let's say trilobites are dated at 350 million years old (don't know exact figure). Scientists see this new fossil, and say to themselves "It's next to a trilobite which we know to be 350 million years old, so it must be about the same". Then they write that result down. There is no C14 test because it is assumed no C14 will be present anmore.
      To test this hypotheses creationists did some tests on samples that were supposedly millions of years old with no trace of C14. Tests showed that they did have acceptable amounts of C14 for a relevant testing. What does this say? Two things:
      1. The dating methods are not consistent with each other
      2. The dates of many fossils are based on the dates of others...meaning that if one of the early ones was found with a wrong date, then all the ones dated from it are false.
      As far as I have been able to see, the dating methods do not agree with each other.
      Ah, just found a nice summary with references after I wrote this.

      Dr. Brown consistently complains that people attack him in forums in which he cannot respond (books, etc.). I've never seen him in the talk.origins newsgroup. It's a written forum, just as he required.
      talk.origins newsgroup is nothing like what he wants. What he wants is a dedicated, in-depth, careful analysis - where careful research is done on each point, and a chance to respond to the points is given. In a newsgroup evidence tends to be short (because it's written on the spot) and disjointed, with lots of misunderstandings. At any rate, it's nothing like what he wants, and I can understand why.

      If you have a specific complaint about a particular scientific method used to support modern evolutionary theory and or modern geology, write it up and see if you can get it into a real journal with real experts waiting to critique your reasoning.

      From Walt Brown's website: No journal would allocate the number of pages that such a debate would require. Besides, the journals you refer to are controlled by evolutionists, so they would likely not provide a platform to have their beliefs criticized. Nor do they publish any research questioning evolution and supporting creation. Publishers of these journals would be severely criticized by their subscribers and advertisers if they did. (The few evolutionists who participate in oral debates often admit how much they are criticized by other evolutionists for participating in a debate.) In a well-publicized case, one journal, Scientific American, withdrew a contract to hire a highly qualified assistant editor when the journal's executives learned he was a creationist.

      That's like asking a Christian to let an atheist publish anti-God arguments in their monthly magazine. Face facts - evolution AND creation are more than just theories. The answer to these questions will be fundamentally more than just "how old is the earth?". It will address whether there is a God, whether there is an afterlife or not, whether this life has any meaning, and much more. Our whole life stands to be turned around by this question. So it is unreasonable for me to expect anyone to be unbiased about this question. Or at least any atheist (because many Christians have already reconciled their beliefs with evolution). This is not just a question of science, but a question of our entire life direction and purpose.

      In kind, Tom Scharle has posted a set of 10 largely unanswered questions for the creationist side of things here [talkorigins.org]. Among highlights are, "Where did all of the water from the flood come from and go?" and "Is there any observation which was predicted by your [creation] theory?"

      Oh my. Where did the water come from? If you don't know the answer to this then you really haven't understood the creation theory. There was, before the flood, a mist that covered the earth and watered it. There was, also, underground, large resorvoirs of water. When the flood occured this mist came as rain, and the underground resorvoirs burst from below and covered the earth. Where the water went - after this catastrophe the earth's shape was largely changed. Ocean basins were created and the waters receded into them. Imagine, if you can, that the earth was completely flat. Then there would be no problem of the water in todays oceans covering the earth. Now of course the earth isn't flat, but it is very different today to what it was before. There was a lot of geological upheaval during the flood.

      As for predictions of the creatinist, check out the hydroplate theory (The Hydroplate Theory: An Overview) on Walt Brown's website. It includes a number of predictions. Alternatively, look for predictions in the index in the bottom left from.

      And just again, for completeness sake, forums and newsgroups are not a fruitful place for evolution vs creation discussion. I have wasted many hours in fruitless, circular arguments. But like a sucker I keep coming back. I would not expect Walt Brown to do the same - hopefully he's wiser than me. And don't think I have this attitude because I'm defeated. I just get real tired of going around in circles. Which is why I'd like to see a final, authoritative discussion like Walt Brown proposes.

      Anyway, signing out. I'm tired of these discussions.

    43. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by tgibbs · · Score: 2
      I will grant you that current evolutionary theory is not an extension of the theories of creationists. I will also grant you that these time scales are still much slower than creationists'. However, punctuated equilibrium does argue for periods of "faster" evolution for some value of "faster."
      This is sheer obfuscation. The creationists were not arguing about whether or not the rates of evolutionary phylogenetic change are uniform. They were arguing that there is no significant evolutionary change, and that all significant change occurs instantaneously as a result of a miracle. So to imply that evolutionists are coming around to the creationist point of view because some now think that significant change can occur in a hundred thousand years instead of a million is ludicrous.
      My point was that the gist of the creationists' complaint was correct. Granted, the reasoning behind their complaint was probably flawed.
      Science is not a game show. You don't get points for being right for the wrong reasons. And in this case, they weren't even right.
      Their argument has been that fossils are only created during catastrophic events and that fossils cut across multiple layers of rock. Thus the fossil record represents not millions but thousands of years. Look here, for example [creationscience.com] I am not endorsing this argument - I'm just saying that they've been making it for a long time.
      Indeed they have. In fact, the argument was disposed of long before Darwin. Leonardo da Vinci addressed and disproved this argument for fossil seashells. But in creationism, no argument, no matter how stupid, ever dies.
      What I'm saying is that scientists would do well to listen to their biggest critics rather than reacting with such hostility. People with such a radically different world view can often see flaws in tenets that scientists just blindly accept.

      I will grant that this sounds plausible. In fact, I believed it once myself, and even went to the trouble of following up a number of creationist claims. And you know what I discovered? Every one was in some sense fraudulent! I came to the conclusion that these guys are not interested in discovering the truth. They think they already know the Truth, and they just want to convince you. And if they have to tell a few "white" lies along the way, that's OK, because it's all in the service of Truth.

    44. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by bobdobbs69 · · Score: 1

      I would like to point out that though I doubted a true response, I went through 11 of the 20 questions which were the summary.

      Also I did read the at least 200 pages refered to under the website. So again I ask you to respond to my answers instead of pointing a out a single paragraph in my response. Also please note I did not once refer to talkorigins.org.

    45. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1

      Are you still in English? I don't mean to offend, but I couldn't make heads or tails of your response.

      And you read 200 pages of what?

    46. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by bobdobbs69 · · Score: 1

      Since you seem to not want to understand my response I will lay it out a clearly as I can:

      * I read 200+ pages from creationscience.com in order to properly understand where your ideas are coming from

      * I crafted my response from my personal training as a biologist. I'm not a PhD but I have a BS from UCLA in biology.

      * I did not look at talkorigins.org until after I crafted my response

      * I'm waiting for you to respond to my answers to 11 of 20 questions presented by Dr. Walt Brown who holds a PhD in Mechanical Engineering, not biology.

      Cheers

    47. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by dublin · · Score: 2

      No flames, please. The simple fact is that science cannot tell us conclusively about the origin of the universe or humanity.

      There are some good scientific reasons to doubt current big-bang/evolutionary theory: check out the Science Against Evolution site, by noted Naval Weapons Center hacker "Do-While" Jones, for a good look at some of them. Pay particular attention to the articles on radioactive dating, and how it requires both unwarranted assumptions and the tossing out of data to fit the "expected" age of the object being tested.

      That aside, there is no proof that the speed of light is constant, and fitting a curve to measurements over the past several centuries shows a small but marked downward trend, so it could well be that something that we don't understand is at work here. I'm open-minded enough to admit that.

      --
      "The future's good and the present is nothing to sneeze at." - Roblimo's last ./ post
    48. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Dirtside · · Score: 2
      Hah, that's a pretty amusing site:
      Science Against Evolution is a California Public Benefit Corporation whose objective is to make the general public aware that the theory of evolution is not consistent with physical evidence and is no longer a respectable theory describing the origin of life.
      Considering that the theory of evolution does not say anything about the origins of life (merely how new species arise from old ones, where at least one species already exists), it's hard to see how this statement is of any use whatsoever.

      The three main "claims", further down the page, sound just like every other bit of creationist nonsense I've read. "Like begets like"? Give me a break. Scales would have had to evolve into hair? Uh, yeah, I'd like to see you point out where evolutionary scientists make that claim.

      --
      "Destroy science and religion. Science would re-emerge exactly the same; but not religion." - Penn Jillette, paraphrased
    49. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Black+Parrot · · Score: 2


      > Sure, but evolutionists only ever quote talkorigins.org

      That's because talkorigins.org is specifically intended to serve as a clearinghouse to dispense information about the most common creationist arguments. It doesn't do a lot of good to spend a lot of time refuting the same really basic stuff over and over, so the active participants in t.o. write up summaries and add them to the Web site for easy reference. Then when you quote a creationist argument that was soundly refuted 120 years ago someone can merely post the link rather than trying to teach you basic geology in a Slashdot post.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    50. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Black+Parrot · · Score: 2


      > I am aware of that. C14 dating is common, and was an example I plucked out of numerous ones. [...] To test this hypotheses creationists did some tests on samples that were supposedly millions of years old with no trace of C14. Tests showed that they did have acceptable amounts of C14 for a relevant testing. What does this say?

      This says that you are not only completely ignorant about the subject matter you are arguing so vigorously, you are also either unwilling or incapable of learning even when the basics are pointed out to you.

      C 1 4 i s a l m o s t c o m p l e t e l y u s e l e s s f o r t h e s t u d y o f e v o l u t i o n comma b e c a u s e i t i s n o t a c c u r a t e b e y o n d a b o u t 5 0 comma 0 0 0 y e a r s a g o stop
      For some reason scientists can deal with that fact and creationists can't. It is the fact that creationists persist in offering erroneous arguments based on a complete lack of knowledge of the subject matter that makes them so despised among folk who know better.

      If you want to argue the science, start by learning some science.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    51. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Black+Parrot · · Score: 2


      > The assumption in that comment was that light decreased at a fixed, static rate. I was merely saying that it could decrease in the manner I suggested.

      Sure it could. And if you want to play scientist you could work out the consequences, test them, and publish the results.

      But the first thing you need to learn is that things do have consequences. You can't just change one of the major descriptors of the universe to fit your model and expect that there will not be any other consequences.

      For instance, if you think the speed of light decayed exponentially, calculate the value for 6,000 years ago, plug it into the famous E=mc^2, and then ask yourself what Adam and Eve used for sunscreen.

      You get a similar problem when biblical literalists argue that a smooth exponential population growth explains how the present population of the world arose from Noah's family of eight. The problem arises when you look at other points on the curve and realize that there would have only been a couple of hundred people in the whole world when the Great Pyramid was built.

      It's trivially easy to find a curve that fits two data points. The hard thing is to find a curve that fits reality.

      Most creationist attempts to explain away the evidence end up introducing more problems than the original evidence did, resulting in an endless regression of applying epicyclic fixes to the fixes. They apparently don't realize that science requires a coherent model of the universe rather than a short checklist of beliefs.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    52. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Yunzil · · Score: 2

      Creation scientists claimed for a while the possibility of the speed of light decreasing. They were hammered about this from every quarter. Now it seems that it might be credible.

      First off, "creation scientist" is an oxymoron. Secondly, creationists require speed of light decay at rates much, much, much higher than might be indicated. Third, they ignore that you can't just decrease the speed of light without screwing up a lot of other constants and physical laws. If the speed of light had really varied as much as the creationists want, we wouldn't be here to argue about it.

      A lot of science done seems to be based on the assumption that the universe is billions of years old, and that the earth itself is around 4.5 billion years old (subject to change).

      These are not an assumptions. These are figures arrived at from observation and experiment.

      Indeed, a lot of dating methods such as c14 rely on assumptions that can't be verified

      You don't use C14 to measure the age of rocks. You use C14 to measure the age of things that were once alive.

      At any rate, STOP treating creationists like children.

      We'll stop treating you like children when you stop putting your fingers in your ears, jumping up and down, screaming, "I'm not listening, that's not the way it works".

      As for your twenty problems, I suggest you just go read the talk.origins archive for starters. You can at least find the answers to the questions that actually have something to do with evolution. For the ones that are really physics questions, and the ones that are outright lies, you will have to go elsewhere. The local public library would be a good start.

    53. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1

      How about I make you a deal? I'll answer those 11 points you put down, if that's all I have to do.

      I'm tired of discussing evolution & creation on forums, etc. I should not have posted to here. So I will answer your 11 responses if that is the end and I walk away - whether or not you agree with me.

      The main reason I wrote the initial post was to see if anyone was willing to engage in the written debate since they are so sure of the fact of evolution. I doubt anyone will ever take him up, for whatever reason. Sad for evolutionists.

      So do we have a deal?

    54. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1

      Stop being a complete idiot.

      Why can't C14 be used for dates greater than about 5000 years? Because there is supposedly no C14 left!!! So, if we take a sample that is supposedly 50,000,000 years old, then we would expect to find NO C14. Now, if we take this sample, and there is enough C14 to give us a date, then two things can be concluded:
      1. The dates given by different methods do not agree with each other
      2. The sample is perhaps much younger than previously thought

      Do you understand now?

    55. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1
      I have no idea about the speed of light. Absolutely zero. I was just pointing out that we don't know how much light decreased by, if at all. I'm going to leave this question up to the scientists. I was simply pointing out that you cannot assume a uniform rate of decrease. Quite a simple argument really.

      You get a similar problem when biblical literalists argue that a smooth exponential population growth explains how the present population of the world arose from Noah's family of eight. The problem arises when you look at other points on the curve and realize that there would have only been a couple of hundred people in the whole world when the Great Pyramid was built.

      I don't understand, are you saying that the population of the world couldn't have arisen in 4,500 years from 8 people? Because that's certainly not true. From the Bible record it seems that people had a lot of children. The sons of Noah between them had 16 male children. Add to that, probably on average 16 females (give or take a few). That's double in one generation. It wouldn't take long for this to exceed thousands, then tens of thousands. The Bible records the number of male children they had for the first two generations I think. If you want to see if it's possible, go work it out for yourself. I can't be bothered.

    56. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1
      You don't use C14 to measure the age of rocks. You use C14 to measure the age of things that were once alive.

      But if you date something that was living, then you presume the rock it was found in, and the rocks next to it, are around the same age. Get it? Probably not.

      We'll stop treating you like children when you stop putting your fingers in your ears, jumping up and down, screaming, "I'm not listening, that's not the way it works".

      Oh yeah? What's your answer for mtDNA? I was given two articles by evolutionists with outdated information. What's your response?

      I'm tired of these discussions. And you, Black Parrot, seem to consistently be the easiest to refute, the least rational, and the rudest. I suggest you stop talking before you give all your peers a bad name.

      If your talkorigins.org website is so sure, then why don't they put in their combined effort and debunk the supposed myths at creationscience.com? I even sent something in their comments asking them if they'd be willing - no response.

    57. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1
      And so I am vindicated for quoting from one source only, from the mouth of an evolutionis - creationscience.com "is specifically intended to serve as a clearinghouse to dispense information about the most common" evolutionist arguments.

      Thankyou for wording it properly for me.

    58. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1
      Warning: contradiction alert.

      Please compare:
      I did not look at talkorigins.org until after I crafted my response

      with

      Stephan Gould and Niles Eldredge had a punctuated evolution theory which seems to fit the bill. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/punc-eq.html

    59. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by bobdobbs69 · · Score: 1

      Sorry missed that. Ouch my bad. Please use link http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/PUNCTUEQ.html instead. I was using google and that was the first one that came up. I have read the original paper but was looking for a web reference and didn't even notice what site it was coming from.

    60. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by bobdobbs69 · · Score: 1

      You have a deal.
      I will be extremely impressed if you do research to back up your position on those 11 points, no matter what the source, because it means that you are thinking. I can stand differing view points and in fact enjoy them, but I really dislike zealots who spout doctorine, believing without thinking about why they believe. Even accepting something on faith is ok in my book, as long as you know that is what you are doing.
      Cheers

    61. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1

      I agree with you 100%. I can't stand it when people believe something without thinking and considering. I can tolerate people who believe differently to me, as long as they have thought about it. I even find it irritating when people hold the same view as me stubbornly, without actually understanding why.

      I shall give you the response soon.

    62. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1
      1. Where has macroevolution ever been observed?
      Galapagos island by Charles Darwin. Read his "The Orgin of the Species" see the finches.

      False. The evolution that Charles Darwin observed in the Galapagos was a form of microevolution, perfectly consistent with the creationist model. A lot of the criticism of the creationist model springs from a misunderstanding of it I think.
      Microevolution: variation within a species from already present genetic information. Observable, verifiable.
      Macroevolution: variation within a species through genetic mutation that eventually leads to a new species. Not observable, unverifiable. Processes today seem to indicate this is impossible.
      Now if you had followed the link for each of the summary 20 questions, this would have been explained for you. These 20 questions are a summary, not the argument themselves. You are meant to follow the links to discover, in depth, what the problem is. Consider a parent bear who has the genes for brown fur and white fur. This code was passed on for a number of generations - as long as the bears have been around. The child inherits white fur from both parents. Natural selection makes this child more likely to survive in a snowy environment than any of it's brothers with brown fur. It was not a genetic mutation that gave this white fur - it was simply inherited from it's parents. This is microevolution which a creationist model predicts. What evolution predicts is that new mutations will occur often enough to bring useful changes - skin color changes, different beak sizes, etc, without a negative change travelling hand in hand. Unfortunately, for evolution, that is not what observation shows. I hope you understood. Either way read the link that was with the question please. You have not answered the problem posed by Walt Brown.

      What's the mechanism for getting new complexity such as new vital organs?BR> Selection of advantagous traits.

      No, you answered what happens after the traits are created. The question is what mechanism produces the new complexity, the new traits. Again, read the actual in-depth discussion, not just the summary.

      If any of the thousands of vital organs evolved, how could the organism live before getting the vital organ, because without a vital organ, the organism is dead by definition?
      An organ does not have to be a vital organ to start out with. It can be an intresting oddity before it became important. Take a look at the heart. Before the heart there was an open circulatory system, the organs would just float within a fluid and recieve the nutriants as fast as they can defuse. When through chance something started moving the fluid that creature would be better able to survive, maybe more efficent. Using the theory of evolution, its decendants would be better able to survive and would have a competative advantage.

      Hang on. You say that there was no heart, then suddenly an organ appears that "started moving the fluid" - when the question is clearly about the period between not having the organ, and then the organ working. There is a period where the organ is totally useless, performs no function. Indeed, such an organ would be a hindrance and probably selected against.

      If a reptile's leg evolved into a bird's wing, wouldn't it become a bad leg long before it became a good wing?
      Why can it not be a bad wing, assisting in jumping before its a good wing?

      What mutation could possibly turn a leg from being a good leg into a bad wing in one single step? The problem is evolution takes steps, and all the steps transitioning from a good leg to a bad wing make it useless, and natural selection would select against such a mutation. And not just nature, but also mates. How many humans today would be attracted to someone whose leg looked a bit like a wing, but did nothing useful? If you have the chance, read the comic on the top of page 226 of The Dilbert Future. So again you are skipping steps. The problem was about the transition from a good leg to a bad wing, you missed that step and skipped strait to a bad wing.

      2. Do you realize how complex living things are?
      What kind of question is this? A rhetorical one? ;) They are complicated.

      You ignored the question in the link that the comment was related to - a question of probabilities. Again, by only reading the summary you missed the question.

      How could organs as complicated as the eye or the ear or the brain of even a tiny bird ever come about by chance or natural processes?
      Using the brain as an example, c. elegans a nematode worm has 302 neurons which govern its behaviour. It can avoid adverse conditions, engage in sexual reproductions etc. An amoba can do the same thing, with less exactly.

      Thanks for the example, but how is that relevant? You point to already existing creatures which a creationist believes were created at the beginning. This isn't an answer at all. So to repeat the question - How could organs as complicated as the eye or the ear or the brain of even a tiny bird ever come about by chance or natural processes? The question is not an example of a transitional creature, but a question of the process of transitioning from a useless bulb into a working eye.

      How could a bacterial motor evolve?
      Molecular pumps are rather simple structures. A collection of them form a bacterial motor. Assumably a random collection of gradient pumps could self assemble and be reproducable which would all the single cell bacteria to move.

      SIMPLE??!?!? Assumably they randomly collect to form a pump? Rubbish! You haven't explained anything, just given a fairy tale of what could have happened. And a poor answer at that. How would the pumps self assemble? How would they reproduce? How would they join together to form a motor? How do these motors form in the first place? Remember that they are useless for a number of steps until they work. Answer the question - How could a bacterial motor evolve? - and read the followup for the summary for an indepth description of the problem.

      3. Where are the billions of transitional fossils that should be there if your theory is right? Billions! Not a handful of questionable transitions.
      Stephan Gould and Niles Eldredge had a punctuated evolution theory which seems to fit the bill. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/punc-eq.html

      Please refer to these references for a quick discussion of the problems with this theory. Basically, while it fits the fossil record, it doesn't fit the way genetics works. Evolutionary jumps simply don't and can't happen. That's what the reference I have just given talks about.

      4. Textbooks show an evolutionary tree, but where is its trunk and where are its branches?
      At the trunk are prokaryotes and virii. From there there is the eukaryotes and branching from there are the 3-7 kingdoms.

      This question is asking where the trunk is in the fossil record. As quoted from the in-depth discussion and not the summary question:
      The evolutionary tree has no trunk. In the earliest part of the fossil record (generally the lowest sedimentary layers of Cambrian rock), life appears suddenly, full-blown, complex, diversified,a and dispersed--worldwide. - and more.

      For example, what are the evolutionary ancestors of the insects?
      Nematode worms

      Nematode worms are alive today. Do you have evidence that they were the ansestor of insects in the fossil record?

      5. How could the first living cell begin? That's a greater miracle than for a bacteria to evolve to a man.
      The first cell was a myocel, lipid bi-layer. It collected the "stuff of life together". For the second part why are we talking about miracles if this is a scientific discussion? =)

      Again, in reading the summary only you missed the core of the question. The answer is more than just a story - it's a question of being literally possible or not. The in-depth discussion has more details.

      Miracle can mean remarkable event. Some things do happen that defy all odds. Walt Brown was describing that the step to get first living cell is even more impossible than the chance of getting a bacteria to evolve to a man.

      How could that first cell reproduce?
      They probably didn't. It probably took billions of years before something came around that did. The other cells simply ceased to be after the enviornment ripped them apart. It was only when they started to reproduce that life as we think about it really get going.
      Do you realize the chances of even one single celled life forming? And now you are asking us to believe, that even though one cell forming is nigh impossible, that multiple cells formed and one of these many cells was 'lucky' enough to be able to reproduce?? Again check the in-depth information. This is asking us to believe the impossible.

      Just before life appeared, did the atmosphere have oxygen or did it not have oxygen? Whichever choice you make creates a terrible problem for evolution.
      Why would it be a terrible problem? The first atmosphere probably was anaerobic (no oxygen), the first photosynthsis started pumping oxygen into the air but in stagnent pools that would not have mattered. There still exists anaerobic enviornments to this day. The first cell that could use this would gain much more energy 36 ATP vs 4 ATP from a glucose molecule. There is a significant advantage to get more energy from a unit of food.

      Hmm, the in-depth description of the question doesn't seem to answer why the oxygen question is important. I have read it elsewhere on the website, I'll see if I can find it.... oh yes, it's here. This describes why the question of oxygen is important.

      6. Please point to a strictly natural process that creates information.
      Off the top of my head, snowflakes. They form an intricate crystaline structure which can be considered information. And all it takes is some cold and water.

      I'm pretty sure that by "a strictly natural process that creates information" he was referring to genetic information, not just anything. Otherwise you could argue that destruction of a building creates information - the question becomes meaningless. You see this is one of the problems with genetic mutations - they only change already present information. It mutates a gene from being one thing to another. Processes that produce new information - like what would have been necessary for evolution - are unknown. Mutations bring about a disadvantage because of a loss of information. You gain one trait and lose another, and the new one is 99.99% harmful/harmless. Beneficial mutations are almost unknown. Check here and here for the problem of information.

      What evidence is there that information, such as that in DNA, could ever assemble itself?
      What reason could it not? Anyway, the Miller/Urey experiment demonstrated that amino acids "The building blocks of life" could be formed from "non-life". http://www2.bc.edu/~strother/GE_146/lectures/9.htm l

      Amino acids may naturally form, but proteins do not. Proteins tend to break down into amino acids, not the other way around. If you read the in-depth description and not just the summary, it talks about this. So answer the problems given and not just the summary.

      What about the 4,000 books of coded information that are in a tiny part of each of your 100 trillion cells?
      So? What about the 10000 books of information encoded on a DVD? A snow bank can contain huge complexity and most people would not argue that an "intellegent creator" made that.

      The question is related to how this information came about. See the problems above and the links I posted, describing the problem with obtaining new information. A DVD has information intelligently designed, and snowflakes are pretty but they do not perform any mechanical function from their amazing shapes.

      If astronomers received an intelligent signal from some distant galaxy, most people would conclude that it came from an intelligent source. Why then doesn't the vast information sequence in the DNA molecule of just a bacteria also imply an intelligent source?
      Yes, by definition if there was an intelligent signal it would come from an intellegent source. A complex signal does not require an intellegent source. There is a difference. DNA is undoubtably complex but is it an intellegent signal? Arguing that it is an intellegent signal because it came from an intellegent source, and that there is an intellegent source because of DNA's intellegent signal seems rather circular doesn't it?

      Not at all. DNA is not just complex, it is completely meaningful. It all performs a function that is necessary for our existence. And this is true of information present in the whole spectrum of life. This meaningful information could not have come about by chance (see above comments). It seems logical to conclude that it had an intelligent origin. Imagine if we discovered a spherical device the size of a baseball. It could do an amazing number of things - change it's shape, endure amazing temperatures, communicate through vibrations with language. Inside it we discovered wires tinier than our scientists have been able to miniaturize, and circuitry of amazing complexity. We would conclude that this device was created by some race far in advance of our own. Life is the same - life is presumably the greatest things that could ever be created. The most intelligently designed, integral working machines in the universe. Infinitely more amazing than the example device I mentioned. Yet this complexity is the reason why you reject it as being created? Anyway, this question is perhaps more subjective than the other comments, and is only a small part of the entire question 6.

      7. Which came first, DNA or the proteins needed by DNA, which can only be produced by DNA?
      Actually RNA. RNA can catalyze its own replication. DNA is more stable and came later.

      Again read the in-depth info and not just the summary.

      8. How could sexual reproduction evolve?
      E. Coli a simple bacteria reproduces primarly asexual reproduction. They can hook up and form a bridge of cytoplasm and swap DNA. This doesn't seem very complicated. http://www.is.irl.cri.nz/level3/bacteria.html

      Again, quoting a living creature today that can already perform a certain function is no answer. How could sexual reproduction evolve? You haven't answered the question, and it is very complex. And even more complex to ever evolve. Check the in-depth information. That is where the actual problem is described. Again you have only answered the summary without understanding the problem.

      How could immune systems evolve?
      Single cells can either gain resources from the static enviornment, or they can go after other cells by engulfing them. The other cells obviously do not want this to happen and have developed several methods of thwarting this including using their lysosomes to "counter attack" an immune system is just this on a grander scale.

      Yet again, check the in-depth information. A story of what might have happened without describing how or why is no answer.

      9. If it takes intelligence to make an arrowhead, why doesn't it take vastly more intelligence to create a human?
      Arrowhead shapes can be formed by natural phenomon such as glaciers. It may not take intellegence to make a human (one night of reckless abandon will do that) but to do it from scratch would probably take a long time.

      Take an object today, let's say the arrowhead, forged smooth and careful, with a hole for the shaft. Now imagine the chances of that naturally occurring. Remember also that evolution is not genetically possible. It simply can't happen, as is introduced above in various links and questions. Again read the in-depth info and not just the summary.

      10. If the solar system evolved, why do three planets spin backwards? Why do at least eight moons revolve backwards?
      Why shouldn't they spin another way, why is one way backwards? Though I kinda didn't want to use "god", what purpose in the grand design does different spin planets serve?

      Read the in-depth info and not just the summary.

      11. Can you name one reasonable hypothesis on how the moon got there?any hypothesis that is consistent with all the data?
      How about the "giant impact" theory? http://www.cnn.com/TECH/9707/28/moon.collision/

      Again, read the in-depth section, it covers this and a number of other theories, all of which are inadequate.

      I'm not sure how happy you will be with my response. Most of it was telling you to read the in-depth info and not just the summary. I hope that next time you will. Really, there is an answer for most questions, and the problems he lists have not been answered yet.

      Just to bring some balance by presenting arguments that support creationism - so it's not all just an attack on evolution. Begginning here, and clicking on the next button, you will read a number of dating methods that indicate a young earth/universe.

      As I said, I don't really want to waste more time on these discussions that go no-where. I should not have posted here in the first place. However, if you begin to genuinely question evolution and wonder if creationist arguments really do hold any water, I will be more than happy to help talk about it. But if after reading this you are not even slightly convinced at the fallacy of evolution, then I don't want to waste more time.

    63. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Wah · · Score: 2

      Read, learn, grow.

      The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,568 years. That means that half of the C-14 decays (into nitrogen-14) in 5,568 years. Half of the remaining C-14 decays in the next 5,568 years, etc. This is too short a half-life to date dinosaurs; C-14 dating is useful for dating items up to about 50,000 - 60,000 years ago (useful for dating organiams like Neanderthal man and ice age animals).

      --
      +&x
    64. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1

      I somehow knew that someone would make this comment. The younger the sample, within 5000 years, the more accurate the result can be. The further back you go the wider the variation of the date. It doesn't matter how long C14 is uesful for, my point still stands. This is nitpicking.

    65. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Wah · · Score: 2

      and if you had read the link you would realize that this is why carbon-14 isn't used to date really old objects. You have no point, it what the nitpicking reveals.

      --
      +&x
    66. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Black+Parrot · · Score: 2


      > And so I am vindicated for quoting from one source only, from the mouth of an evolutionis - creationscience.com "is specifically intended to serve as a clearinghouse to dispense information about the most common" evolutionist arguments.

      Your problem isn't so much that you use a single source, it's that you use a source of bullshit.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    67. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1

      Great argument, I'm convinced.

    68. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1

      Oh my, are you really so thick headed? Why is C14 not valid for dates past what you gave? Because there is no C14 present!!!

      Get it??? So if a sample that is thought to be really old has some C14 left, then it is younger than we thought! Understand? It's really quite simple!

    69. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Wah · · Score: 2

      Why is C14 not valid for dates past what you gave? Because there is no C14 present!!!

      O.k. so you don't understand what "half-life" means. Maybe you should familiarize yourself with the insigths of Zeno. Here's a quick refresher quiz and applet on half-life. The general idea is that by always taking half of something away, you will always have something left over.

      Anyway, back to what I'm guessing is your point.

      Why can't C14 be used for dates greater than about 5000 years? Because there is supposedly no C14 left!!!

      From the information provided in the link your 5,000 years is missing a zero. It's used from samples up to 50-60K years old. There is sill C14 left at this point and there will be for a long time, such is the nature of half-life. It seems that it is not deemed accurate beyond this point.

      So, if we take a sample that is supposedly 50,000,000 years old, then we would expect to find NO C14. Now, if we take this sample, and there is enough C14 to give us a date, then two things can be concluded:

      It gives you a date, but it is not an accurate date.

      1. The dates given by different methods do not agree with each other

      Yes, especially after the useful period for C14 dating is passed.

      2. The sample is perhaps much younger than previously thought

      No, it is simply being measured by the wrong device. And so the nitpicking concludes.

      --
      +&x
    70. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1

      You continue to miss the point. I'm not wasting my time anymore. Anyone with half a brain should have seen what I meant, so I don't need to worry about lurkers misunderstanding what I was saying.

    71. Re:Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by bobdobbs69 · · Score: 1

      I commend you for following through. I believe that your fundamental argument, that new genetic information mutating or inserting into a species is impossible is flawed. I have personally used virii to insert specific sequences of virii RNA into a bacteria. This is only one way that new RNA/DNA could be introduced into a creature which didn't genetically have a trait before. Taking into account that, the single reference website (which does refer to other references I grant), and some quid pro quo arguments off a questionable thesis, you did a good job.

      You debated well, and for a message board such as this, I guess thats the most you can hope for ;).

      Cheers

    72. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Black+Parrot · · Score: 2


      > I don't understand, are you saying that the population of the world couldn't have arisen in 4,500 years from 8 people? Because that's certainly not true. From the Bible record it seems that people had a lot of children. The sons of Noah between them had 16 male children. Add to that, probably on average 16 females (give or take a few). That's double in one generation. It wouldn't take long for this to exceed thousands, then tens of thousands. The Bible records the number of male children they had for the first two generations I think. If you want to see if it's possible, go work it out for yourself.

      Oh, it's trivially easy if you just pick arbitrary parameters to an exponential curve in order to get n=8 at t=0 and n=6,000,000,000 at t=4500. The problem is that by doing so you have created a model, and you can test the model by looking at what it predicts for various other times and then comparing those predictions to history, and so far every proposed model has failed the test miserably.

      The exact numbers depend on what numbers are plugged into the model, but here are a few examples that have come up in talk.origins at various times in the past:

      Here is an analysis of some numbers actually published by a creationist (albeit way back in 1925, if that excuses the author's failure to consider the implications of his own claims):

      World Population Date Event

      17 2566 BC Construction of Great Pyramid
      2,729 1332 BC Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten dies
      5,000 1185 BC Trojan War
      32,971 776 BC First Olympic games
      87,507 490 BC Greek wars with Persia
      133,744 387 BC Brennus' Sack of Rome
      586,678 28 BC Augustus' census of Rome (70 to 100 million counted)
      And here is another, though not based on published numbers. [Sorry, but the lame filter prevents me from quoting the table.]

      And here is a simple take on the whole thing.

      Let us know if you'd like to try some different numbers.

      > I can't be bothered.

      Yes, that pretty well describes the creationist attitude toward doing real science. Any time they go past the handwaving and offer some actual numbers they are immediately shown to be wrong.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    73. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1
      Look, I still fail to see the problem. What is the issue at hand? Is it:
      a) There is no way the world population could reach 6billion in the 4500 years since the flood
      or
      b) There is no way the world population could be as low as 6billion if it grew from the 4500 years since the flood?

      I'm sure it's not the second, since that would pose problems for evolution if we accepted it's assumption.

      So the first point must be the issue - that the population could not reach 6billion in 4500 years. Obviously you cannot create a formula and say this is what the population must have been at these times. Doing the formula is merely saying "Given the most conservative values, would there be enough time for the population to reach 6 billion?". Of course, it comes up with ridiculous estimates of 17 people at the construction of pyramids, etc...but that is because it is a conservative estimate to demonstrate that 6billion people in 4500 years is by no means unfeasable. If we increase the growth rate, and assume that wars and famine contributed to the decline of population at certain points, then it quite easily explains the needed population at different time periods.

      Now assuming a constant growth rate of 1%, the estimated growth rate of the world in 2015 (it's currently about 1.5%, it was higher), the world's population today after 4500 years would be:
      223,497,000,000,000,000,000
      Now of course coming up with a steady formula has the problems you listed above, that there are too low populations at one end, and too high at the other. But you are forgetting a few factors:
      * Famine, disease, drought, flood - these work to reduce population
      * Culture, religion - this can work to give population booms, or to have a society with very few children (western society tends to have less than eastern countries)
      * War - this works to reduce numbers. The Bible records many wars.
      Because of these factors it is impossible to come up with accurate population estimates for any particular period of time. But one thing we know for sure:
      It is completely reasonable to assume that the population could have increased from 8 people to 6billion in just 4500 years. So such a statement neither affirms nor denies evolution or creation. It is not relevant, it is not an issue. I'm tempted to explain in more detail, but I'm sure any lurkers will understand, and as you will see below I've given up on you.

      Yes, that pretty well describes the creationist attitude toward doing real science. Any time they go past the handwaving and offer some actual numbers they are immediately shown to be wrong.
      Shut the fuck up with these pathetic arguments! How in the bloody hell is ANY person supposed to take an evolutionist seriously when they resort to personal insults all the time? I could easily take hits at all the idiotic arguments, pathetic attempts at understanding, and more that I've seen, but I have tried in the past to remain respectable. I hate statements that cannot be argued against, such as those springing from ignorance and stubborness. I will discuss with people who don't resort to such insults, but you are not one of them, Black Parrot. I've encountered you before, quoting out of date articles (mtDNA ring a bell?). So I don't think I shall respond to any of your posts anymore. And just remember why - not because of your 'superior' arguing skills, or because I was 'blinded' by your light of logic - but because you resorted to petty insults, and do exactly what you complain creationists do, hypocrite. So just remember why, and don't confuse it.
    74. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Black+Parrot · · Score: 1


      You again display your great talent for missing the point. It's creationists who offer the exponential population growth argument, not me. But if they paused for half a second they would see that their model makes ridiculous predictions. I brought it in as an analogy for your suggestion for an exponential rate of change in the speed of light, since it also makes ridiculous predictions. (Did you miss the part about claims having consequences? The example of E=mc^2, Adam, Eve, and suntan lotion? The example of creationists claiming an exponential population growth?)

      The root of the problem - for both the speed of light and the population growth - is that creationists aren't trying to build a coherent model of nature. They're trying instead to patch over the observations that give the lie to their mythology. But they offer one patch at a time with a view to winning the current argument, and never pause to think about the implications of the claims they invoke in hopes of winning.

      > So I don't think I shall respond to any of your posts anymore.

      Should I be so lucky!

      But I'll still point out the cluelessness in yours, to make sure you don't lead any lurkers astray.

      > I've encountered you before, quoting out of date articles (mtDNA ring a bell?).

      Actually, all we have is your assertion that the article on talkorigins.org is out of date. The fact is that it is still the view held by scientists, however much creationist Web sites may rant against it.

      Who should I believe? You or the scientists, you or the scientists... tough decision, after seeing your brilliant performances on Slashdot.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    75. Re: Dr. Walt Brown agrees with the idea by Tyreth · · Score: 1
      Call me a sucker, I just couldn't resist. But only briefly, so I can set the record straight.

      You again display your great talent for missing the point. It's creationists who offer the exponential population growth argument, not me.

      I understood what you were saying. Someone said that if light had decreased at a constant rate we'd beat it on our push bikes. I merely pointed out that we have ABSOLUTELY NO IDEA what the decrease rate is, and it could be exponential. I have no idea what it actually is, but I was pointing out that fact to the original poster. I wasn't saying it IS exponential, I was just giving that as one of many numerous explanations. His idiotic comments were an issue for both evolutionists and creationists if a decrease in the speed of light is true.

      Should I be so lucky!

      See above, I'm a sucker.

      Actually, all we have is your assertion that the article on talkorigins.org is out of date. The fact is that it is still the view held by scientists, however much creationist Web sites may rant against it.

      Incorrect. The original article was found on the internet and was truely published as the footnote on the website said. It was published in 1997, whereas all your references were 1996 or earlier. This is a problem, because the new discovery occurred in 1997. The article was written by an evolutionist, so as to avoid accusations of bias or some other unfair accusal.

      Who should I believe? You or the scientists, you or the scientists... tough decision, after seeing your brilliant performances on Slashdot.

      You might have trouble believing the scientists.

  31. Has to be said by hackwrench · · Score: 1

    isn't quite as fast as it used to be...relative to what?

  32. skeptical by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The speed of light is just a matter of units. Most any theoretical physicist will set it equal to one. Saying that it is changing is like saying that the meter is getting longer compared to the foot. If you do find that the meter is changing compared to the foot, it would only be because something unknown is happening with the way you measure meters verse the way you measure feet (for example, if your meter stick is made out of metal and your foot stick is made out of wood, and you aren't aware of the effects of temperature, then you would notice such a change). It seems much more likely that something unknown happens to light as it travels for several billion years through the universe than it does that the "speed of light" is changing.

  33. Hold your horses.. by k98sven · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Well, let's see here:
    The speed of light -is- always constant in one sense,
    simply because the length of 1 meter is defined by the distance light travels in a set time.

    Now, from a more physical standpoint: We need more evidence.
    Quite a few measurements of c have been done, and a single measurement isn't about to upend all this.
    Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, remember?
    Now, nobody says that relativity is a complete and final theory. It probably isn't. But you still need lots
    of evidence to replace it with another theory.
    Otherwise, we won't even know if the theory we're replacing it with is better!

    It's an interesting theory and experiment, but even so, I'd bet on this being a
    freak result, for the simple reason that scientific breakthroughs don't come around that often.

    1. Re:Hold your horses.. by Eryq · · Score: 2

      The speed of light -is- always constant in one sense, simply because the length of 1 meter is defined by the distance light travels in a set time.

      I believe you've actually hit a very subtle nail right on the head, here, related to string theory. This principle becomes even more important if you look back in time to the Big Bang:

      Disclaimer: I am not a physicist

      Basically, imagine that you're running time backwards, and watching the Big Bang in reverse. As you get closer to time 0, the universe "shrinks" in size towards a radius of the Planck length R. But as it does so, photons (actually, all particles) start behaving differently.

      Radius R=1 is where the weirdness happens: photons in a universe of radius n*R (n>1) resemble completely different particles in a corresponding universe of radius 1/(n*R), but they look more and more like each other as the radius drops to exactly R, where (from the perspective of string theory's winding/vibrational energies), they are identical... and as the radius drops to below R, they change places. Each now has the characteristics of the other.

      It gets weirder: a universe of radius n*R is indistinguishable from a universe of radius 1/(n*R), since "radius" is a length, and "length" measurements (e.g., "one light year") depend on what you define as the "photon".

      What makes this cool is that, from one perspective, there can be no "Big Crunch" where the universe collapses to a point: the universe can never shrink "smaller" than radius R, because once it does, it "really" is getting larger again [as measured by the photon's twin particle]. I believe this is called the "Big Bounce" theory.

      Ok, there were probably a lot of mistakes above, but I think that's the gist of it. So, I'm not surprised to hear that light might have behaved differently when the universe was a slightly-smaller size.

      --
      I'm a bloodsucking fiend! Look at my outfit!
    2. Re: Hold your horses.. by colonelteddy · · Score: 1

      The speed of light -is- always constant in one sense, I disagree
      simply because the length of 1 meter is defined by the distance light travels in a set time.


      True enough:

      Since 1983, the SI metre has been defined as the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 seconds. It doesn't say what this length is. 1 metre = c/299792458. Since the metre is the subject being defined, c is the only variable in this equation. If c is slowing, then by this definition, the metre is decreasing in length.

      I was going to try arguing this point with my physics prac. advisor when we were doing measurements. I just don't think he would allolw that as an excuse not to do the work, as I would argue that the measurements can never be made within a reasonable error, as the instruments are constantly become inaccurate.

      Maybe it's time we find some other "constant" with which to define the metre?

      --
      c - a blessed +5 grain of salt
  34. Wobbly orbits by arrogance · · Score: 1

    well, we're not all moving at the same speed, really: someone at a pole wouldn't have the same average velocity as someone at the equator. the pole person would be describing a near perfect (except for the wobble) ellipse around the sun, but someone at the equator would be describing an eccentric (in two planes: 'up' and 'down', and 'in' and 'out') orbit. so time would be faster/slower depending on your frame of reference.

  35. Re:I argued this with an astronomer... by lugonn · · Score: 2
    ...read the threads here

    The reason Astronomers don't want to accept this is becuase it would change the nature of every cosmological theory they have. They've invested large amounts of time in old theories, why should they learn new ones? It's all about ego for them.

  36. It's not relative velocity.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's relative acceleration. The speed of the Earth rotating is equal to the speed of a stationary jet on its surface. But the jet undergoes and acceleration event, causing its time to slow relative to Earth, and then a deceleration event, causing its time to speed up again to normal. There is a net loss in measured elapsed time compared with the ground. An acceleration of relative velocity results in a deceleration of relative time.

    Think of the black hole situation as described by Stephen Hawking as he falls into the black hole while you observe. As he falls in, you observe his time slowing down and his light intensity dimming as he accelerates down the gravity well until he is unobservable. Whereas doctor hawking will see you and the rest of the universe accelerate until he is destroyed.

  37. Speed of light and time by nuggz · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Interesting they suggest that time and motion are different between two frames of reference travelling at different speeds.

    Isn't this kinda the idea of relativity? How does it change the speed of light?

    1. Re:Speed of light and time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just in response to your post, not the full article: independent of the frames of reference, the speed of light is constant. That's, like, the whole big mind-bendy thing about it.

  38. Re:I argued this with an astronomer... by rknop · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The reason Astronomers don't want to accept this is becuase it would change the nature of every cosmological theory they have. They've invested large amounts of time in old theories, why should they learn new ones? It's all about ego for them.

    While there is a possible grain of truth in what you say, it's probably vastly overstated.

    It would be better to say that extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof. To almost everybody, the claim that the fine structure constant has been changing is pretty extraordinary, and as such requires pretty solid proof before any measurable fraction of people who care about these things will casually accept it.

    There is a danger in the iconoclastic argument. Yes, if a new truth is revolutionary and will require everybody to throw out everything they know, everybody will resist accepting that truth. It does not follow that therefore every revolutionary idea which meets widespread resistance must be a new truth.

    -Rob

  39. They overlooked something by glenmark · · Score: 2

    The vacuum energy density of the early universe was much higher. I suspect that this is the cause of their results...

    Time to dust off my old quantum mechanics texts...

    --
    *** Quantum Mechanics: The Dreams of Which Stuff is Made ***
  40. Carl Sagan put it well by Cato+the+Elder · · Score: 4, Funny

    Yes, they laughed at the Wright brothers. But they also laughed at the Marx brothers. --From A Demon-Haunted World

  41. Why is entropy untouchable? by dark-nl · · Score: 2, Interesting

    The second law of thermodynamics is just a statistical consequence of more fundamental laws of physics. I don't see why breaking it is automatically "illegal", while messing with the speed of light is fair game. You get temporal paradoxes if the speed of light is not the same everywhere[1], and that bothers me far more than cups of coffee getting hotter.

    [1] General relativity rules out the concept of "everywhere at the same time", so if the speed of light changes, it can't change uniformly, because there's no uniform.

  42. questions by shd99004 · · Score: 2

    Ok, I'm not a physics major and I didn't get that good a grade back in high school. So I have a few questions, all which may be considered stupid by others who knows stuff... but ok. So go ahead and laugh before you reply ;-)

    The discovery means faster-than-light travel, which is prohibited by the law of relativity, may one day be possible.

    Why would this mean that faster than light travel will (or might) be possible in the future? Why not today? From what they are saying, the speed of light may have slowed down ever since the Big Bang. For me, that means that as soon as the speed of light has decreased, it should be possible with faster than light speed, right?

    If the speed of light was close to infinity, immediately after the Big Bang, [...]

    How close to infinity can one be? When are you far from infinite speed and when are you close? "Almost infinite"? What do they mean here?

    The photons [...] interact with the electrons in the gas clouds, charged particles that orbit the nuclei of the metal atoms. This leaves a fingerprint on the light as it arrives on Earth, called the fine structure constant, Murphy explains.

    How can this be a constant? Is it a universal constant or a constant different for each object? Still, how can this fingerprint be constant?

    Thanks.

    --
    Will work for bandwidth
    1. Re:questions by Peter+T+Ermit · · Score: 3, Informative
      You shouldn't take popular press versions of science papers literally; often the reporter has no more understanding of physics than you do. That being said...

      The discovery means faster-than-light travel, which is prohibited by the law of relativity, may one day be possible.
      I think this is an error on the reporter's part. I don't see how this is at all related to the paper, unless the reporter thinks: "Speed of light changing therefore Einstein was wrong... Einstein was wrong, therefore we can travel faster than light."

      If the speed of light was close to infinity, immediately after the Big Bang,
      Again, a problem with the reporter here. "Close to infinity" means nothing. What this probably means is that the further back you travel in time, the bigger the speed of light was, and as you approach the Big Bang, the speed of light goes off to infinity. A physicist would say that the speed of light diverges, rather than saying it gets close to infinity.

      The photons [...] interact with the electrons in the gas clouds, charged particles that orbit the nuclei of the metal atoms. This leaves a fingerprint on the light as it arrives on Earth, called the fine structure constant, Murphy explains.
      This is actually close to correct, though it's misleading. The fine structure constant equals 2(pi)e^2/hc (if I recall correctly) where e is the charge of the electron, h is the Planck constant, and c is the speed of light. The value of that constant is related to the electromagnetic force, which, in turn, affects the spacing of the lines in an element's spectrum. Conversely, by looking at the spacing of the lines in elements' spectra, you can figure out the fine structure constant.

    2. Re:questions by lugonn · · Score: 2

      Yeah that picture thing...whew! Took me by surprise.

    3. Re:questions by Junta · · Score: 1

      Neat link... Though seems strange to do it in flash, I mean, it's a damn picture, not a movie :)

      For anyone thinking they don't get it and give up, just keep trying, I'm positive that it will come to you. Just might want to be mindful of being around other people, as you might just exclaim when you figure it out...

      Way offtopic and replying to a sig, but the link was neat.

      --
      XML is like violence. If it doesn't solve the problem, use more.
  43. Speed hasn't changed, but Time or Distance has by dgmartin98 · · Score: 1

    I don't know the details of their experiment, but after thinking about it for 60 seconds, here's my idea:

    Speed is defined as distance divided by time. Instead of assuming the definitions of distance and time have not changed, let's consider that maybe the dimensions of matter have shrunk, or that the definition of time has increased.

    This could be possible if according to the Big Bang Theory the universe is slowing down. According to Einstein, a slowing universe would lead to a increase in time (ie. the relative value of time is increasing). This increase in time would appear as an increase in the speed of light.

    Hmmm... then again, didn't Einstein also say that the speed of light is constant, regardless of the speed of the light source. That would mean the increase in time as I explained above would lead to a decrease in the length of our 'ruler'. Therefore, this would result in the same calculation of the speed of light.

    Thoughts of relatively always hurt my head...

    .Dave

    --
    FPGA, Wireless, ASIC, Verilog, VHDL, HW, 10yr exp, Team Lead, Ottawa (More? Email above. slashdotusername=dgmartin98 )
  44. bad news by geekoid · · Score: 2

    1 is not a prime number. look it up.

    --
    The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
    1. Re:bad news by j_w_d · · Score: 2

      Just for the heck of it, check the origin of "prime." One might not be a prime, but it is "primus." ;-)

      --
      ------ The only greater hazard to your liberty than n politicians is n+1 politicians.
  45. Holy Cow !!!! by dgmartin98 · · Score: 1

    It took me maybe a minute to figure out what was wrong with the picture in your sig link... I was just about to give up, then it hit me !!

    Wow !!!

    Brilliant !

    --
    FPGA, Wireless, ASIC, Verilog, VHDL, HW, 10yr exp, Team Lead, Ottawa (More? Email above. slashdotusername=dgmartin98 )
  46. I actually read the paper... by Peter+T+Ermit · · Score: 5, Informative
    ... and it adds absolutely nothing to the argument over whether there are time-changing constants.

    As other people have pointed out, the fine-structure-constant-is-changing work came out a year ago. The fine structure constant is a function of the speed of light, c, and the charge of the electron, e.

    This particular article argues that e can't change much over time without causing inconsistencies, so they conclude that c must have been changing. No new data, no new support for the constant-is-changing theory. (And the original study was pretty damn flawed. This paper isn't bad.)

    1. Re:I actually read the paper... by mveloso · · Score: 1

      well actually, the newspaper article said that they concluded that either c was changing or the 2nd law of thermodynamics was being violated. So they chose the first one, because it was socially acceptible.

      But hey, what is everything if not a temporary violation of the 2nd law of thermodynamics?

  47. I think there might be some truth in this by computerchris · · Score: 1

    I would beleive the speed of light is slowing down. Ever since I've been reading slashdot, it just keeps on taking longer and longer to load...

  48. Re:I think I've found proof using empirical resear by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    >Where can I get my Nobel prize?

    Here:

    The Norwegian Nobel Institute
    Drammensveien 19,
    NO-0255 OSLO

    Phone +47 22 12 93 00
    Fax +47 22 12 93 10
    Web site

    8-)

  49. Keep your head cool by hoytt · · Score: 1

    Just keep in mind that science results can be wrong, or falsely interpreted. Remember element 118? It was published in Phys. Rev. Lett. and the authors had to retract it. Just like the 'cold-fusion' thing.
    Other news: 2nd Law of Thermodynamics seems to be broken in a small closed environment over short period of time: G Wang et al. 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 050601

    1. Re:Keep your head cool by hoytt · · Score: 1

      Well, if the 2nd law of Thermodynamics can be broken in small closed environments over a short period of time, which can't it change in the history of the Universe. IMO there's not a more 'likely' candidate to be wrong. Both c and the 2nd law are very thorougly tested. So if there's a problem, it can be either one that's wrong.

  50. Absolutely right by vsprintf · · Score: 1

    And the cause is those damned kids pirating photons for use in their computer monitors. If this doesn't stop, the movie industry will have no choice but to refrain from producing anything in the visible spectrum.

    1. Re:Absolutely right by T3kno · · Score: 2

      With the exception of a very few flicks I think that would be an improvement.

      --
      (B) + (D) + (B) + (D) = (K) + (&)
  51. I blame windows... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Everything ran faster under DOS. Less overhead.

  52. What's next? by IXI · · Score: 1

    God plays dice?

    --
    He saw some dirty arabs and fired. Too bad it was just some friendly kurds, BBC reporters and his fellow cowboys.
  53. Re:I argued this with an astronomer... by lugonn · · Score: 2

    From the flaming the Astronomer gave me, he didn't even want to CONSIDER that these invariences, in fact, may vary. Which I would define as a closed mind living off ego trips, not discovery.

  54. Creationist have been saying this since the 80's.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

    ... but since they believe in creation, and not the dogma of darwinian evolution(which still can't explain the consistant, SUDDEN appearance of species throughout the fossil record), they're not taken seriously.

    If light is slowing down, then I'd wager money that other "constants" are too.

  55. Re:I argued this with an astronomer... by davecl · · Score: 2

    Hey, I am an astronomer, and I'd love to see this confirmed. But its a very tough experiment and there are lots of possible problems. I'm sure there are also theorists out there who have already incorporated it into their latest model.

    But, as the man says, extrordinary claims require extrordinary evidence. It took two totally groups conducting large long term projects, and some anciliary data that could be explained by it, for the reality of the Cosmological Constant to be seriously considered and incorporated into many standard models. And there are still problems with that results, both observationally and theoretically (we're in the process of publishing a paper on it in fact). It'll take a similar amount of effort and length of time for John Webb et al. to do the same with varying fine structure constant. The VLT data is a step, and publication of the paper in Nature meqans they're being taken seriously. Things will get interesting, though, when the VLT data becomes public (a year after observation) and other teams can go over it with independent analyses and try to confirm or refute the result.

  56. Re:E=mc^2? YIPPY SKIPPY! by lugonn · · Score: 2
    Somebody's GOT IT! The universe recycles itself!

    But the mass increase wouldn't be there, becuase the space the matter occupies would change relative to it's speed, altering the mass's energy potenial to just what e=mc^2 says it should be. There is no time, no age, no limits to space. Just relative movement in space.

    I haven't figured out if the black holes are gobbling things up. Or if we are slowing down and turning into dark matter. Or, if black holes turn quantum particles into dark matter by stopping them from vibrating. Probably all three.

  57. Stop The Light Myth by jrivar59 · · Score: 1

    I can't beleive that ./ is now contributing to the increasingly dated notion that light exists.
    Dark Sucker Theory Page

  58. One and Primes by chrislike · · Score: 2, Informative

    This is from the top of my head, and as such, may have some errors, especially dates.

    Now that that disclaimer is done with ... there are more reasons to think of One as prime that there are to not, and the primary reason to think of it as a non-prime, non-composite integer is one more of practical value than mathematical correctness.

    You see, the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra says, briefly, that every number can be reduced to a unique, finite, multiplicative set of prime numbers.

    Now, if one were prime, we would run into the terrible, horrible problem of this being false. And all mathematics would slowly fall with it. Because if one were prime, one would be equal to:
    1 x 1
    1 x 1 x 1
    1 x 1 x 1 x 1 ...
    et all.

    However, before the 1800's or so, one was in fact considered to be a prime number -- as math was not then a practical discipline. At all. And it was considered prime because, from a theoretical standpoint, it is, as it only has the factors of itself and one. Nowhere did it then say that those must be unique factors.

    anyway, just thought I'd shed some light, given the posts on top of posts that are a bit off on what it is to be prime.

    1. Re:One and Primes by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're thinking of the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. The Fundamental Therorem of Algebra is that a polynomial of degree n has n not necessarily distinct roots.

  59. Was time really slowed? by mattkinabrewmindspri · · Score: 1
    The question I have is this:

    The article basically said that the scientists had four super-accurate clocks, and sent two of them at very high speed into space and then retrieved them, finding that the two which had been sent into space were behind the others.

    If I shake something mechanical with moving parts, it gets messed up, so why wouldn't the same be true for clocks?

    I just don't understand how the difference between the clocks can't be due to other factors, and why they would assume has to be because time is not constant. Doesn't it take a lot of energy to get something into space? Couldn't a lot of other factors mess up a clock?

    1. Re:Was time really slowed? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Aren't you a bit late for that? That's Einstein's theory which works both in numbers and in practice. It's not the sole evidence, it was the expected result, what's the problem?

      Admittedly the clocks in planes is a bit of a lame experiment, but since general relativity kicks in at such high speeds, what choice do you have?

    2. Re:Was time really slowed? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No mechanical parts. It's atomic transitions. The forces in the atom are so much larger than the forces you can apply to it by shaking a box that vibrations don't really matter.

  60. Nuclear power becomes useless? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Since E=mc^2 remains to be true under this theory, does that mean if some future terrorists want to build a dirty bomb, it will simply not work?

    1. Re:Nuclear power becomes useless? by Kredal · · Score: 2

      Dirty Bombs don't rely on E=mc^2 at all... A dirty bomb is just a conventional exposive with radioactive stuff in it.. so when it blows up, the radioactive stuff is spread over a large area, poisoning a bunch of people. It's when the terrorists build (or buy) a real nuke, that we have to worry about E=mc^2.

      --
      Whoever stated that signature sizes should be limited to one hundred and twenty characters can just go ahead and kiss my
    2. Re:Nuclear power becomes useless? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Except that if light speed slows down, the energy released by radioactive decay is reduced, which means the radioactive dust will not release enough radiation to do its damage to organisms, which is what dirty bomb is supposed to do.

  61. maybe because its colder out there by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Not being a scientist I don't really know in
    any detail but the temperature of the universe
    is currently 3 degrees kelvin, 12 billion years
    ago it would have been hotter, maybe photons like
    it hot

  62. M$FT light by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    you think the speed of light is slow now just wait till microsoft gets their greedy paws on light, they will claim they invented it and make people pay for light, ans they will do to it just like their OSs and applications you will need antivirus, firewall, and other expensive kludgeware to keep your lights on and it will crash and if you try to share it with anybody you will be arrested for piracy, OH the mess technology made the world, anymore i run my computer via opensource candle power...

  63. understatement in the article by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    Still, correcting Einstein is no small feat and is likely to attract controversy, perhaps even animosity from scientific colleagues.
    From knowing a slew of scientists, (as if they have not built up a reputation for everyone else) I think the statement would have been better written as "...and undoubtedly a ton of animosity and emotional malevolence by a large majority of colleagues."
  64. It's not the same group. by Peter+T+Ermit · · Score: 2

    It's a theoretical result, not an experimental one.

  65. let me know by jafac · · Score: 2

    Okay, Science,
    In 10 billion years, take my DNA, clone me, and reconstruct my mind from a computer backup, and when the process is complete, let me know your final answers that you've hopefully really figured out by then:

    Actual Speed of light, and whether it varies.
    Actual color of the universe.
    Actual age of the universe.
    Actual origin of the Earth's moon.
    Whether we're descended from apes.
    What's the nature of human consciousness.
    Whether God actually exists or not.
    Whether cholesterol is good or bad for you.
    Whether global warming is caused by humans.
    Whether gun control increases crime rates.
    Whether fair-use causes loss of revenue.
    Whether flouride causes or cures tooth decay.
    Whether there is an actual speed limit for the x86 architecture that isn't eventually overcome by some new hack.
    Whether security through obscurity really works.
    Whether phenomenology is bunk.

    (etc. ad nauseum)

    --

    These are my friends, See how they glisten. See this one shine, how he smiles in the light.
    1. Re:let me know by Kredal · · Score: 1

      You missed one..

      Whether Charlie surfs.

      I'm not gonna take Apocolypse Now at face value. (:

      --
      Whoever stated that signature sizes should be limited to one hundred and twenty characters can just go ahead and kiss my
    2. Re:let me know by darqchild · · Score: 1

      What about the Caramilk bar? How do they get the caramel in it? I REALLY wanna know!

      --
      What? Me? Worry?
  66. Light by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The clocks refered to for the person who asked are atomic clocks (probably using a radioactive isotope of cesium). You can shake it all you want but you aren't going to change the decay rate of an atom.

    Yes God plays dice and he sucks at it :).

    The slowing down of light would not surprise me. After all, the curvature of space-time is a non-constant, so why should light be constant. And light is a misnomer. It should be the velocity of the propogation of electromagnetic radiation. :P

    But getting back to "light", I would think that the value was greatest when the curvature was greatest, i.e the primordial universe. However, light would be more like a non-constant constant.
    Think of it like this. Your on a flat-bed car of a train at rest. At the far end is a brick wall. If you hit the brick wall, you stop. Now let's say the train accelerates to 60 mph. If you again hit the brick wall, you will still stop.

    The speed of light barrier would be a changing barrier, but still a universal barrier.

    Of course now the univerese is fairly expanded and the changes are almost immesurably small.

    The biggest impact would come from the fact if the constants used today have altered over time, then time itself would be non-constant. Everything in the universe would have perceived it as normal but to our current time it would appear as "fast forwarded". Since it's a universal change, it would only have been perceptible if measurements were done. For instance, if time moved twice as fast a year ago for the whole universe than it did today, you would not have noticed. However, if you measured a universal constant like light a year ago and today, you would have discovered a discrepency.

    If true, this could have profound implications. But I would have to see far more research and study done to be convinced. It makes sense at least. :)

    *AC

  67. Another poke at physicists - from a chemist by WIAKywbfatw · · Score: 4, Funny

    This one came from my old chemistry teacher:

    A philosopher, a mathematician and a physicist are at one end of a very, very long room. An observer tells them that there's a bottle of fine whisky on a table at the other end of the room, and that they can take as many leaps as they like to get to the other side and claim the prize but that every step must cover half the remaining distance, no more, no less.

    The philosopher stands still, and contemplates whether or not the table and the whisky are there at all.

    The mathematician does some quick thinking, and works out that he can never really reach the table as there will always be a finite distance, no matter how small, left to cover. He too stands his ground.

    The physicist sets off across the room. He makes one, two, three, four jumps until he's withing arm's length of the table, shouts "that's close enough!" and grabs the bottle for himself.

    (And after all that, what did I go on to do at university? Yep, astrophysics. Part astronomy, part physics, part mathematics and, at least with the options I took, part philosophy. No wonder I'm not a scientist by profession any more.)

    --

    "Accept that some days you are the pigeon, and some days you are the statue." - David Brent, Wernham Hogg
    1. Re:Another poke at physicists - from a chemist by Nightpaw · · Score: 1

      (And after all that, what did I go on to do at university? Yep, astrophysics. Part astronomy, part physics, part mathematics and, at least with the options I took, part philosophy. No wonder I'm not a scientist by profession any more.)

      What, too much whiskey? Or not enough?

  68. Can't find the article mentioned on Nature's site by orius_khan · · Score: 2

    Did a search for "Paul Davies" (lead author of the paper supposedly) on Nature's site, and only came up with one old unrelated article. Don't see any links to anything like this on the main page or the Physics section page either... maybe it just hasn't been updated yet.

    --
    Sometimes the best solution to morale problems is just to fire all the unhappy people.
  69. another look by xhawk · · Score: 1

    i believe the speed of light _is_ constant. perhaps it is not the speed of light that is changing, but the speed of time itself. if the speed of time is increasing, it would appear that the speed of light was slowing down.

    this theory would also explain why the universe appears to be expanding. (einstein believed this was impossible).

    so if it is time that is expanding, a static universe would appear to be expanding, and a constant speed of light would appear to be slowing.

  70. How soon is now? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    How Fast is Darkness?

  71. Noooo, we're just moving faster. by 3seas · · Score: 2


    Speed of Light Inconstant? no not really we are just moving faster and faster and light is ....well staying the say as our measurement is relative to us.....

    Haven't you noticed the days get shorter as you get older?

    1. Re:Noooo, we're just moving faster. by phliar · · Score: 2
      Haven't you noticed the days get shorter as you get older?
      This is completely false. The days get longer; it's the years that get shorter.

      --
      Unlimited growth == Cancer.
  72. Games people play... by leonbrooks · · Score: 2

    Yah, like `pin the DLL on the app' with the exciting `but keep this other app working' option. Or Blue Screen Roulette.

    But not XBill. )-:

    --
    Got time? Spend some of it coding or testing
    1. Re:Games people play... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What the fuck are you talking about?

  73. Gotta be wrong by Tablizer · · Score: 2

    That is almost as crazy as the dude on the street corner who held up a sign saying that the ASCII code is going to undergo a fundimental shift. Thta is crazy! No onf jt hpjoh up cfmjfwf uifn/

    1. Re:Gotta be wrong by Ophidian+P.+Jones · · Score: 0

      If only I had mod points right now.

  74. Science advances one funeral at a time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    Who said that? Could be Heisenberg.

    Just hit him with that pithy little saying...

  75. um er...? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    um i dont know if i like the title of this story so much. inconstant is a crappy word to use here. it assumes a bit too much about what we think we know. (humans are barely 'correct' about anything.) stupid struggle for accuracy.

  76. Implications, implications by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    Does this mean when I get old I'll be able to open the refrigerator before the light comes on?

  77. Something I dont understand... by epiphani · · Score: 1
    Doesnt any type of motion require a point of reference? Is there any point of reference in the universe that doesnt move in relation to everything else? How can something be moving, when there is nothing stationary to measure it against?

    Ok, maybe im just excessively tired at this point of the evening, but im confused. With everything.

    How can any level of motion be constant? If you've got a star moving away from you, the light coming from it is redshifted. Therefor, the light should be moving slower, right? If its coming towards you, blueshift, faster moving light. Am I missing something?

    --
    .
    1. Re:Something I dont understand... by phliar · · Score: 2
      How can something be moving, when there is nothing stationary to measure it against? ... If you've got a star moving away from you, the light should be moving slower, right? If its coming towards you, faster moving light.
      The whole point is that there is no special stationary place. Any non-accelerated frame of reference will do; measure the speed of light in a vacuum and you always get the same value. This is what's so cool!

      The standard thought-experiment is the railway car with photocell-controlled doors at each end and a lamp in the middle. The light is turned on, and photons travel from it to the photocells, causing the doors to open. Since the lamp is exactly in the middle, an observer inside the train sees the doors open simultaneously. An observer standing standing outside while the train zooms past will see that the rear door opened before the front door (since in the time it takes for the photons to get from the lamp to the photocells, the rear door has moved closer and the front door has moved away). It's time that changes. In other words, the notion of "simultaneous events" is not one that can apply universally.

      --
      Unlimited growth == Cancer.
  78. Re:I think I've found proof using empirical resear by Tablizer · · Score: 2

    Where can I get my Nobel prize?

    How about the "No Bell" prize. That we can do.

    Here is a
    photo of the previous winner.

  79. At least Barry Setterfield will be happy by leonbrooks · · Score: 2

    Barry is an Australian scientist as well. He's a long-time supporter of CDK (C decay).

    But of course, when an Atheist thinks the matter through instead of simply reporting what he finds, anything which tends to support CDK is quickly binned. CDK offers a neat, simple solution to speed-of-light objections to a recent six-day creation of the world on one hand, and hard limits to the age of the universe on the other.

    `Close to infinity' describes the mental oscillations needed to remain an Atheist in the face of a mounting stack of observations indicating the impossibility of your position.

    --
    Got time? Spend some of it coding or testing
  80. OLD OLD news by Penguinoflight · · Score: 1

    This is actually very old news, like 60 years. The truth of the matter is, the rate at which the speed of light decreases is too fast for the "age of the universe" A couple billion years and light would be moving slower than your grandpa on sunday.

    --
    "And we have seen and do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Savior of the World"
    1 John 4:14
    1. Re:OLD OLD news by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But isn't the age of the universe dependant on the speed of light in the first place?

  81. Just like me-( by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Finally, like light, I'm not as young as I used to be, but then again, WHO IS!?

  82. This ain't new news.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I haven't read the paper, as I don't have a subscription to Nature, so I'm going solely by what I know and proof presented in the article:

    The speed of light is a constant in a vacuum . Gravity can bend it, motion can alter it's speed, etc, etc. Since the light they're measuring, is obviously NOT in a vacuum, their calculations and reasoning, are flawed. Space isn't a vacuum, and it even mentions that in the article.

  83. Photons by BlueFashoo · · Score: 1

    For instance, the cosmological redshift. Start with a universe that has one photon in it. The universe expands, and the photon redshifts. Now the photon has less energy. What happened to conservation of energy?

    IANAP, so I may be completely wrong, and if so, please explain why, but, doesn't the photon get stretched out so that the rate of energy (e/s) recieved is less. Therefore the energy isn't lost and the photon actually has the same total energy, but the energy within a given length of the photon is less.

    Interested non physicist.

    --
    Nice Marmot
    1. Re:Photons by rknop · · Score: 2

      IANAP, so I may be completely wrong, and if so, please explain why, but, doesn't the photon get stretched out so that the rate of energy (e/s) recieved is less. Therefore the energy isn't lost and the photon actually has the same total energy, but the energy within a given length of the photon is less.

      No, the total energy of a photon is hc/lambda, where h is Plank's constant and c is the speed of light (both generally assumed to be constant, though of course bringing that into question is what this whole thread is about). Lambda is the "wavelength" of the photon. The photon isn't really longer; it's a quantum particle whose position, detail of position, momentum, and so forth are governed by scary quantum things like the Heisenberg undertainty principle.

      -Rob

    2. Re:Photons by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Although his explanation is a little lacking, it'd mean there were more protons being produced. The only problem with that is generating "partial" photons.

  84. Questions by NSupremo · · Score: 1

    this is quite an old idea, but

    What could cause Light to slow down.

    What does this mean for Time.

    Is light going the same speed and space itself is stretching?

    What was the speed of light 4.6 billion years ago?

    --
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_U.S._Election_co ntroversies_and_irregularities
  85. What good is FTL anyway? by ShooterNeo · · Score: 1

    The only reason that we techies even think that FTL travel would be "cool" is that any imaginable spacecraft, traveling at perhaps 1/4 or even 1/2 lifespeed, would take a number of human lifetimes to go anywhere. But relative to the lifetime of the universe, 60,000 years or so to get to the other side of the galaxy is nothing. Just a quick hop to the Quick-E-Mart. And human lifespan is just an evolutionary adaption (to kill off people who have already breeded) : if we ever can build and fuel an interstellar spacecraft its exceedingly unlikely that human lifespans will still be a limitation.

    Seriously : the biochemical tricks needed to stop the aging process will be in our hands (and bodies) LONG before far more fundamental problems, mostly related to the intense radiation caused by hitting blue shifted particles at a substantial fraction of lightspeed and radiation from the antimatter engine are solved.

    In fact, it may not be possible for intelligent life to reach the stars in human form at all. A spacecraft capable of carrying humans, even if they were somhow made dormant (i.e. hibernation) would require FAR more mass than one with a payload of some sort of distributed computing hardware.

    Essentially, the intelligence being carried would be distributed across a big matrix of molecular computers. All important information and processes would be duplicated hundreds of times (with peta bytes of molecular memory this would be no big deal) so that the radiation would not interfere with function.

    Ideally, the system would be self repairing.

    As for sending human personalties : one of the quirks of quantum information storage is that one cannot copy information without destroying the original. So it would not really be a copy of yourself that was being sent : it would be you, for all practical purposes (because to "upload" your personality would in all circumstances require destroying the original).

  86. Re:Entropy ... (did they take GR into account?) by aufreak · · Score: 1

    I can't help wondering whether they took the fact that clocks run differently in different gravities into account in their calculations - because the jets fly at a height that may have a (however small) contribution to the slowing down due to lower gravity there.

  87. Carmack: "The speed of light sucks" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    He said that a few years back when he was trying to work around network latency or something for Quake 3.

    Now I suppose that the speed of light sucks just a little more....

  88. Speed of Light Inconstant? by shepd · · Score: 1

    Well, I don't know about that.

    It might be inconsistent, though.

    I can't believe slashdot doesn't even spell check their headlines.

    Yeah, this is worth losing some karma over. It's about time for you to integrate ispell into slashdot, CmdrTaco!

    Sorry, no, I don't have the skills to do that. However, I don't run a popular website.

    --
    If you could be told what you can see or read, then it follows that you could be told what to say or think - BoC
  89. Gravity is changing, too -- Dirac by Travelr9 · · Score: 1

    As I recall, Paul Dirac (Nobel laureate in physics) proved back in the 30s that the gravity 'constant' is decreasing as well.

    Robert Heinlein wrote a non-fiction piece on Dirac that mention this, and that piecewas included in the collection 'Expanded Universe' published in the 1970s, so I assume it was still not disproven then.

    Anyone know the current status or real story on this?

    1. Re:Gravity is changing, too -- Dirac by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Dirac did not "prove" anything. It was a hypothesis, which means an unproven suggestion. What Dirac proposed was ruled out a long time ago by thinking about what effect it would have had on nuclear reactions (i.e. what goes on inside stars) earlier in the history of the Universe.


      People still talk about Dirac's hypothesis now, but only as an example of a first guess that turned out to be wrong.


      tdent@umich.edu

  90. Speed of light, or charge of electrons? by Travelr9 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Article quote:

    "Mathematically, there were two possible reasons for this - either the electric charge of the electrons had increased, or the speed of light had fallen.

    Using Stephen Hawking's formula for black hole thermodynamics, Davies, Davis and Lineweaver ruled out the electric charge possibility. By adapting Hawking's formula, they determined that an increase in electric charge would break the second law of thermodynamics, which says energy can only flow from hot spots to cold spots.

    "That's illegal. It would be like a cup of coffee sitting on your desk getting hotter," Lineweaver says.

    Observation -- but didn't they just prove that something "illegal" -- that the constant speed of light is changing -- is actually happening? Perhaps they should examine their logic on this point, because it seems to me it could be either. Or perhaps I should read the original article, where they probably address this issue.

    1. Re:Speed of light, or charge of electrons? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      What was measured was increasing alpha (fine structure "constant") which is a dimensionless number. Now they claim that they can tell the difference between "changing c" and "changing e" - but both of these have dimensions, so their value depends on what system of units you take. You can choose units so that c is constant, or so that e is constant, or neither - there's no physical meaning to the units.


      So why did they claim to get different answers? An increase in alpha always gives a negative contribution to the entropy (using their formula). But they have a hidden assumption that the black hole mass stays the same, measured in one particular set of units: combined with the assumption that "c changes", this means that the contribution of the mass to the entropy actually increases, to compensate the change in alpha! If you take a different assumption about the mass (e.g. that it stays the same in a different set of units), you get a different answer.


      It's also no surprise that they get into problems, because they are using a formula derived from an oversimplified theory in which alpha is assumed constant. The calculation is not self-consistent, they haven't taken into account the extra bits of theory that might be needed to account for the change in alpha. Theories like this do exist and are consistent with relativity, they even have black holes, but these people chose to ignore them and hope that the simplest possible theory would give meaningful answers. But of course, it doesn't!


      tdent@umich.edu

  91. They quote the 2nd "Law"! by phliar · · Score: 2
    From the article:
    ...they determined that an increase in electric charge would break the second law of thermodynamics, which says energy can only flow from hot spots to cold spots.

    "That's illegal. It would be like a cup of coffee sitting on your desk getting hotter," Lineweaver says.

    Bah! If I have the choice between a changing e or breaking the 2nd Law, that's dead easy. The Laws of Thermodynamics are statistical. It is extremely unlikely that the atmosphere will transfer heat to Lineweaver's cup of coffee but not impossible. That's what makes real systems non-time-symmetric. However particle physics is time-symmetric.

    --
    Unlimited growth == Cancer.
    1. Re:They quote the 2nd "Law"! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Actually you might not have to make the choice.


      The article is misguided on several points. First, you can always choose units so that either c or e is constant, it is merely a matter of convention. Since there are no metre rules in space, to say that the value of c in m/s varies is meaningless. Only dimensionless numbers have an unambiguous meaning in physics. The reason they got a different answer for "varying c" and "varying e" is because they had hidden assumptions about the mass of the black hole, which produced a different effect for the two cases: in the "varying c" case the black hole mass turns out to increase relative to the fundamental mass scale in the theory, which compensates for the increase in alpha. So because of the assumptions they made, they were not comparing like with like.


      Second, they did the calculation in an oversimplified theory which has the underlying assumption that alpha is constant - they left out the very bit of the theory that would account for the observations! So when they try to vary alpha, it's not surprising that they run into contradictions. There are more complicated theories, that are consistent with changing alpha and with relativity, and might give more sensible answers for the entropy.


      tdent@umich.edu

  92. This is not a recent discovery by LowellPorter · · Score: 1

    Actually this is now new. There were many varying measurements to the speed of light until the invention of the atomic clock. Time in testing it was done comparing it to an atomic clock. Since atomic decay is losing of energy and energy is related to the speed of light, it wasn't noticed in recent years because the atomic decay is proportionate to the speed of light.

  93. Speed limit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Congress is very concerned about possible terrorist use of electromagnetic radiation travelling at excessive speeds. They have decided to mandate a maximum of 182,000mps for all registered light waves.

    1. Re:Speed limit by Kredal · · Score: 2

      Congress wouldn't know a "meter" if it shoved itself up their butts... sideways.

      Better change that to 182,000 yards per second, just to be on the safe side. And hey, if that slows down light, so be it. Light should have to follow our laws anyways.

      --
      Whoever stated that signature sizes should be limited to one hundred and twenty characters can just go ahead and kiss my
  94. Moore's Law by Pseudonym · · Score: 2

    I guess there really is a physical cap on Moore's Law.

    The speed of light is only so fast... and it's only going to get worse.

    --
    sub f{($f)=@_;print"$f(q{$f});";}f(q{sub f{($f)=@_;print"$f(q{$f});";}f});
  95. time to go to bed by kyras · · Score: 1

    I just read that headline as "Speed of Light Incontinent?", and thought "Well why doesn't it eat more fiber?". Time to go to bed.

    --
    Tastes like burning! - Ralph Wiggum
  96. Why I don't buy creationism by Bowling+Moses · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I am member of that educated crowd (Ph.D. candidate in Chemistry, specializing in protein structure and biochemistry, not that anybody cares) who has a negative reaction to what the creationists put out but that's becuase when I was younger I spent about a year reading their books and tracts and comparing them to mainstream evolutionary books and papers while debating the matter on a local BBS. I was able to debunk everything that was thrown at me then and it's rather sad that your 20 questions by Dr. Brown (Ph.D. in mechanical engineering, a discipline not noted for its rigorous requirements in evolutionary or for that matter any biology) is the exact same as the stuff I waded through and debunked ten years ago. As for the Bombardier beetle, check here for the actual truth of the matter. Actually, read the whole talkorigins site to get what is currently believed in evolutionary biology rather than the strawmen arguments that have been fed to you by creationists. Although personal experience tells me that creationists never change their position no matter how much evidence is presented to them or how badly their arguments and even their champions are crushed please surprise me by being different and holding that "critical view" that you believe is lacking in us supporters of evolution.

    One more thing: scientists are trained to be skeptical. It's our job to take a critical view of everything we read no matter what journal it got published in or who wrote it. Evolution is still the prevailing view because of its merits not because of some vast conspiracy or adherance to the status quo because if you can't ask original quesitons and attempt to find the answers you're not doing science; this is the very definition of breaking the status quo.

    1. Re:Why I don't buy creationism by good-n-nappy · · Score: 1

      All the replies to my message assume that I think that the entire theory of evolution is invalid. That is not what I think nor was it my point.

      My point is that the science crowd is violent towards anyone that strays too far outside accepted thinking. It happens all over the place in science.

      I'm also not suggesting that irreducible complexities are necessarily irreducible. Just that it often takes a substantial leap of faith to believe that they happen by chance. Take for example the 15 steps in your bombardier beetle link. I have seen similar things before and agree that they are plausible. I'm not saying that the laws of the universe are violated. Just that when it came to the point, for example, where step 10 could happen or not, the random number generator in the universe did not necessarily act randomly.

      Lastly, my experience with creationists is mostly the same as yours. They believe what they believe and they aren't out to find the truth. Still, once you wade through the BS of their position they sometimes have legitimate gripes that only arose because they have such a radically different world view.

      --
      Never underestimate the power of fiber.
    2. Re:Why I don't buy creationism by Bowling+Moses · · Score: 1

      All the replies to my message assume that I think that the entire theory of evolution is invalid. That is not what I think nor was it my point. What do you honestly expect to happen when you include links to creationists' websites? It's not that we get annoyed when people stray too far from accepted thinking (as I mentioned previously if you can't think for yourself you don't belong in science), it's when people do one or more of the following:
      1. Misunderstand or distort what is currently understood,
      2. "I don't believe it, therefore it isn't so,"
      3. Combine science and religion even though science is concerned with the natural world while religion is concerned with the supernatural.
      There are many world views, but science isn't concerned with any of them except the one that says we can reasonably trust our perceptions and use them to take stock of the universe in which we live. Your position as you have presented it contains the first and second errors, but what really strikes me as odd is that you know that the majority of the creationist's position is garbage but you chose to trust what they have to say over what is generally accepted by the scientific community on points you dislike. In science there is only one thing that is truly a career killer: intellectual dishonesty. This is because once anything suspect is found in that person's career, everything else is suspect as well. If the same was applied by supporters of creationism to their champions, there would be no more creationism short order.

    3. Re:Why I don't buy creationism by Tyreth · · Score: 1

      Hmm, you seem pretty confident. In my experience of arguing with evolutionists, most of the reason they consider a creationist model BS is because they don't understand it. I mean that exactly as I said - they don't understand the creationist position. They think they do - but in reality I have to constantly correct them. I think that's why a lot of people don't understand a lot of what Walt Brown says on his website.

      A major example of such misunderstanding:
      Most evolutionists claim that natural selection, and the finches that Darwin observed are an example of evolution in action. On the contrary, the observations that Darwin made are perfectly consistent with the creationist model. The creationist model says that each kind was created initially, male and female (except for those with only one gender). These original kinds contained all the genetic diversity we see today, except for inherited mutations (such as on mtDNA). So it is expected for a creationist to see variations within species. What creationists deny is the possibility that mutations will ever produce enough variation to create a new species.

      This is just one example of many misunderstandings. When evolutionists think of proof of evolution, they automatically bring to mind the finches, or any other similar example. Problem is they:
      a) Don't realise it is consistent with creationist model
      b) Don't realise that it is variation from existing genes, and that mutations are insufficient to explain new genetic traits, and especially new species.

      "They believe what they believe and they aren't out to find the truth."

      On the contrary, one of my primary motivations is pursuing the truth. If I thought that evolution was credible I would believe it. I used to believe evolution. I am a man who pursues truth and believes it is a noble thing to strive for. I have no fear of living and believing differently to those aroundme. I like to understand everything and correct any false views I might hold. The problem is, when I debate with evolutionists they ALWAYS misunderstand the creationist position (a source of constant frustration, having to retype things and say them over and over again), and can't explain with genetics how evolution is possible - among other problems.

      On the other hand it is good that you are willing to read creationist sources for the legitimate problems they present. What I resent though is the implication that creationists believe their model because they are not interested in the truth. Again, I believe that a lot of the reason why people reject creationism is because they don't understand it.

  97. Quasars by XNormal · · Score: 2

    Remember that this is based on observations of Quasars. There are several alternative theories to explain the apparent red shift of Quasars. Here's one of them.

    These theories claim that Quasars are much closer and less bright than currently assumed. Needless to say, if any of these alternative theories are correct the speed of light may not need any adjustments, after all.

    --
    Stop worrying about the risks of nuclear power and start worrying about the risks of not using nuclear power.
    1. Re:Quasars by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      This is based on observations of clouds of gas which absorb light between us and quasars. It has nothing to do with the brightness or distance or redshift of the quasars, only the frequencies that the cloud absorbs.


      What is measured is the fine structure constant alpha, which is a dimensionless number. If you think about a dimensionful number like the speed of light, its value depends on what units you use, so you can redefine units so that it "varies" in any way you want! This tells you that the question "does c vary?" isn't physically meaningful. At the moment, the second is defined to be the time for light to travel a certain number of metres, so with the current system of units c is always constant. Or you could choose units so that e was always constant.


      The reason they appear to get different answers for "varying c" and "varying e" is because of the artifical assumptions they end up making about the mass of the black hole - which turn out to have different effects in either case. So they are not comparing like with like.


      tdent@umich.edu

  98. IANAM (Mathematician) but... by mbogosian · · Score: 2, Insightful

    From the article: ``If the speed of light was close to infinity immediately after the Big Bang....''

    WTF is "close to infinity"? I'm not a mathematician, so maybe that's the problem, but I cannot parse this statement....

  99. aargh.... by JM_the_Great · · Score: 1

    I was debating a creationist friend of mine a while back, and she pulled out the old "speed-of-light-decreasing" thing to explain how we can see things millions of year away. I then went on to explain to her that there's no evidence of that and to make up something just so your theory would work was horribly bad science. Man... I hope to never debate that topic with her again :)

    --

    --Justin Mitchell
    "2nd Place is a fancy word for losing" --Bender (Futurama)
  100. Spoken like a creationist! by phliar · · Score: 2
    [Creationists] have been correct about a number of things, many of which are still to be discovered.
    The truth about things yet to be discovered! Wonderful! Exactly the sort of zero-knowledge hand-waving mumbo-jumbo crap that creationists spout! Please also tell us how the UFOs have been feeding us all this technology, and that's why astrology works.

    Besides, we know that anything that tacks on "science" to its name is the farthest from being one -- cf. creation science, political science, and (ba-da-bing!) computer science.

    Consider whether you what to be the one defending the status quo.
    Hmm.... decisions, decisions.... defend the status quo? Or become a blithering moron?

    --
    Unlimited growth == Cancer.
  101. TIME = MASS!!! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    *sigh* RIP, you old crank.

    (only long-time readers of sci.physics will get this one)

    1. Re:TIME = MASS!!! by yelmalio · · Score: 1

      Don't forget; Terraform Venus by moving it to a new orbit.

    2. Re:TIME = MASS!!! by Yunzil · · Score: 2

      *sigh* RIP, you old crank

      Ahhh, Alexander Abian.

  102. 20 questions by phliar · · Score: 2
    You should read Dr. Brown's 20 questions for evolutionists
    I did. Quite a few of them are addressed in standard text-books, and others are unrelated to evolution. I won't add anything here that would take the discussion even more off-topic. I'll just say that "Dr." Brown can do his own research and supplement his questions with reasons to not believe the standard models. And that for a bunch of people who are constantly and stridently screaming about the "lack of evidence" for evolution -- not one creationist has ever demonstrated even the smallest miracle yet. At least we scientists have a track record of developing our crazy theories into goodies like TVs and Tang for you.

    --
    Unlimited growth == Cancer.
    1. Re:20 questions by Tyreth · · Score: 1

      This frustrates me so much. You know nothing about the creationist position if you make statements like this.

      1. Read the 20 questions, and READ THE INFORMATION! Every single question has at least one link to follow which describes the problem in detail. The questions are merely a summary. Perhaps then you will realise why these 20 questions are a problem for evolutionists. The problems that he raises are not addressed in normal textbooks. Speaking of which, it's amazing how many textbooks continue to propagate material that was shown false years ago. A friend of mine had a textbook that was published maybe 2 years ago, and still contained the forged examples by Ernst Haeckel.

      2. On Mr. Brown's website there are a number of dating methods that give a young earth/young universe result. Read them if you want evidence. Read the hydroplate theory for predictions of a creationist model. They're all there on the website, the creationist evidence that you claim is missing. Although I admit I'm not sure what you meant by the word "miracle".

  103. So then... by Nindalf · · Score: 2

    What is the unique, finite, multiplicitive set of prime numbers that 1 can be reduced to?

    anyway, just thought I'd cast some shadows, given the posts on top of posts that are a bit off...

    1. Re:So then... by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      The empty set.

      The product of the members of the empty set is 1 by definition.

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
  104. conservation!=conversion!=conversation... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    but your comment about an application of Noether's theorem (symmetry implies a conserved quantity) specifically that time translation symmetry implies energy conservation is interesting. So if we can no longer assume symmetry over time we can't assume energy conservation. who knows, but i hope, and think those astronomers are wrong. astrophysicists contradict themselves all the time, and i dont't trust most of them any more than i would trust a politician.

  105. lint by tabby · · Score: 1

    However the speed of lint continues to accelerate.

    Along with the speed of spam it would seem.

    --
    I've experiments to run, there is research to be done on the people who are still alive.
  106. Consistent with the Dynamic Universe model by distributed.karma · · Score: 1
    The Dynamic Universe model, developed in recent years as an alternative to Einstein's General Relativity, predicts the slowdown of light as the universe expands. Otherwise, its results are consistent with GR within practical uncertaintly limits.

    Interestingly, the DU model starts off with Einstein's original assumption of a 4-dimensional space (where our space is a 3-dimensional surface). Einstein decided to interpret the fourth (radial) dimension as time to avoid the idea of an expanding universe, because it was thought static at the time.

    However, one main reason why DU has been developed, is that the calculations are much simpler and more intuitive than in GR. For instance, it explains _why_ space is curved by mass, while GR only tells how much.

    --

    --
    If you moderate this, then your children will be next.

  107. "Doctor" Brown by phliar · · Score: 2
    Dr. Brown (Ph.D. in mechanical engineering, a discipline not noted for its rigorous requirements in evolutionary or for that matter any biology)
    Notwithstanding the level of biological rigor in mechanical engineering -- it always bugs me when people use their degrees as a sort of "believe my bullshit" trump card. No decent and ethical person does that. Most of the people I know have PhD's (not surprising, since I have one, and it wasn't so long ago that I was in grad school and all the people I knew either had them or were working towards them) -- and on the rare occasions that the degree gets used it's always in the context that the degree is in. If I were on TV to talk about the ramifications of models of expression evaluation and their applications to state-space searches (yeah, right! I know that's going to happen any day now!) I'd expect to be introduced as "Dr." If I were on TV arguing that creationism is a cargo cult of bullshit cunningly disguised by heaping more shit on top, I'd expect to be treated as a regular Joe Shmoe.

    In any case, I don't just have a Ph.D.; I also am a Doctor of Divinity! Go visit the Universal Life Church -- for a mere $25 you could be one too! (It's free to become a regular "Reverend" -- and you can become one on the web site.)

    --
    Unlimited growth == Cancer.
  108. How is this offtopic? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    How is this "offtopic"?

    Mods are dumb.

  109. Nonsense.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    In the article, the statement "If the speed of light was close to infinity, immediately after the Big Bang, as Davies believes it may have been..." is utter nonsense. Infinity is not a number, but a concept. A number can never be "close to infinity"; it can only get extremely large. Ask any mathematician.

  110. Reminds me of A New Kind Of Science by grizzlyg3 · · Score: 1

    Especially the part about the speed of light being near infinite at the start of the big bang. If the speed of light is determined by how fast the discrete components that make up the universe can be updated, it would make sense that 'c' slows as the universe expands. Since the state of all parts that can 'observe' each other must be update each 'turn' , this update gets slower as the universe gets bigger. When the universe was infinitesimally small, the update was almost instantaneous, so near infinite speed is possible.

    --
    ---------- God doesn't answer prayers for the same reason that Santa doesn't deliver presents.
  111. Retraction by Bingo+Foo · · Score: 2, Funny

    Mathematica 4.1 for Linux
    Copyright 1988-2000 Wolfram Research, Inc.
    -- Motif graphics initialized --

    In[1]:= PrimeQ[1]

    Out[1]= False

    In[2]:=

    --
    taken! (by Davidleeroth) Thanks Bingo Foo!
    1. Re:Retraction by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1
      Mathematica 4.1 for IBM AIX
      Copyright 1988-2000 Wolfram Research, Inc.
      -- Terminal graphics initialized --

      In[1]:= PrimeQ[1]

      Out[1]= False

      In[2]:= Unprotect[PrimeQ]; PrimeQ[1]=True; Protect[PrimeQ]

      Out[2]= {PrimeQ}

      In[3]:= PrimeQ[1]

      Out[3]= True

      In[4]:=
      As you see, it's just a matter of (re-)definition.
      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
  112. Re:I think I've found proof using empirical resear by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I only wish I had points to spend on hilarity like this.

  113. and the 2nd Law of Thermal Dynamics is wrong too. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Sounds like the other Australian scientists who found that the 2nd law of thermal dynamics doesn't apply on the nano-meter scale.

    Ofcourse I submited this as a story and it got rejected. Ofcourse I can't find the link anymore. Ofcourse I can't get my account to log in now so I'll have to post anon. Ofcourse.

  114. Cosec squared? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    A friend of mine showed me a paper about 8 years ago on this topic. It claimed that the speed of light had decreased on a cosec squared curve (whatever that is). Apparently, this was meant to explain why the Earth et al is measured to be millions of years old (or is it billions these days?) when it really is very much younger (in the thousands), as calculations used the "constant" speed of light. I didn't pay too much attention but it was an interesting theory nevertheless.

  115. Re: 1 is neither prime nor not prime. by irw · · Score: 1

    One is the identity under multiplication just as Zero is the identity under addition (group theory).

    As far as the "unique prime factors" explanation goes, since One is the identity, every number must have, in addition to its prime factors, an infinite series of 1s (as the identity, not a prime), as valid factors.

    Zero and One are "special cases", because their properties lead to either infinites or contraditions. It makes as much sense to discuss whether One is prime or not as to discuss the actual value resulting from division-by-zero (outside the Aleph sets, that is).

  116. Now we know why all those crap patents are given by cheeseflan · · Score: 1

    All the patent clerks are sitting at home trying to think about new fundamental theories of the universe...

    --

    Pimping my Karma Whore since 1847.

  117. Waves are particles by NigelJohnstone · · Score: 1

    Photons can't be subdivided.
    Light travels at a constants velocity
    The earth is flat
    Particles can be in more than one place at once, until you look at them.

    All the same stuff, people will convince themselves of the most ludicrous things with ever more complicated theories.

    This (Quantum Physics) is no different from Geology prior to Plate Tectonics, or World modelling in 'flat earth' times.

  118. Duh! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The article simply states that iff the observation that the fine structure constant is time-varying (which depends a bit on who you talk to) and iff we assume the generalized second law of thermodynamics to be correct

    then

    You might be able to distinguish between a time varying speed of light or a time-varying electric charge.

    Note that they don't claim that the speed of light IS time varying. The problem more or less is that we really don't know where the second black hole law comes from. Which just leaves this on the level of 'nice theoretical observation with high mediagenicity'.

    a simple theoretical physicist.....

  119. Re:Makes no sense. FUCKING ASSHOLE by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    MrP:

    You are a karma whore.

    -AntiProggy

  120. Re:I think I've found proof using empirical resear by mbrx · · Score: 1

    yeah, if you want the *peace* nobel price! For the real one you should contact the nobel commitie in Sweden...

  121. I was right! by shren · · Score: 2

    When I was young, I always wondered if the "constants" of the universe might vary across space and time. Turns out I was right, at least in some limited way.

    Let me dig into my past a little more and see if I came up with any other brilliant publishable ideas. Let's see. Monsters under bed. Think Nature would take that one? Mom and Dad are Gods. That's some hardcore theology there. I was a walking intellectual rebellion.

    --
    Maybe the state's highest function is to grind out insoluble problems. (Zelazny, Hall of Mirrors)
  122. Communist Russia by shren · · Score: 2

    1 is prime, 3 is prime, 5 is prime, 7 is prime, 9 is ... *picks up phone, dials KGB* "Hello? Yes, I need you to go out and burn all of the addresses down that have a 9 in them. Yes. Thanks.", 11 is prime, 13 is prime...

    5 years later...

    Teacher: "And thus, clearly, all odd numbers are prime."

    Student: "What about 9?"

    Teacher: "Have you seen a 9 anywhere?"

    Student: "Er, no."

    Teacher: "Then all odd numbers are prime. Let's continue..."

    --
    Maybe the state's highest function is to grind out insoluble problems. (Zelazny, Hall of Mirrors)
  123. I guess.. by LuckyJ · · Score: 1

    If this is true then filling in to solve for E=mc2, the mass of the universe must be increasing since theoretically the energy level stays constant (or does it?). So, not only do we get slower, but we also get fatter as we get older...

  124. Its all relative by squaretorus · · Score: 2

    Yes. If you took one of the clocks and left it absolutely stationary in space until we did a lap of the galaxy there would be more than a few billionths of a second difference.

    If you sneeze on a train the boogers leave your nose at a fair old speed! It's not too fast compared to the speed of the train, or the speed of rotation of the earth etc.... but the guy oposite will still get pretty pissed if you hit him!

  125. and i still think by klaus_g · · Score: 1

    we're just in a computer programm and the developers are simply tweaking a few parameters every now and then

  126. A few words on humility (and logic) by Jeppe+Salvesen · · Score: 2

    Quite a few philosophers of Science (most, IIRC), will argue that all scientific theories are wrong. They may be approximations that work most/all of the time, but history has shown that perfect prediction with current technology will be followed by new experiments with new technology that prove the old theory. We end up in a continuous situation where the correctness of our theories is limited by the sophistication of the supporting experiments.

    Hold on. I'm not done yet.

    The creatonists evolution show what poor scientists they are by attempting to debunk evolution. Fine. Assume evolution is wrong. However, creatonists are continuously failing to show conclusive evidence that their theory is correct. We are then (given that the creatonists are right in some of their contrary evidence) in the situation where neither party is right, but both parties claim to be right. See - the creatonists are just as ulnerable. If we give conclusive proof that some of their theories are wrong, they would by their own reasoning be forced to abandon creationism altogether.

    --

    Stop the brainwash

  127. Time in Planes flows faster not slower by anshil · · Score: 2

    When the planes landed, the scientists found what they were hoping for: The clocks on the high-speed journeys were ticking a few billionths of a second behind their stationary friends.

    Motion, it turns out, slows time - one of the funny effects of the law of relativity. At low speeds, the effect is slight and makes no difference to our daily lives.


    The article is wrong. As far I remember abck the clocks in the planes were running infront of the clocks on earth. Why? They moved? Yes thats a special relativistic effect, but there is a second, the general relativity. Time flows slower near masses, and since the planes fly at 10.000km or so above the earth they are further away from the eart mass, so flowing faster. Yes these two effects work against each other, but as I recall the general time increasing effect was stronger in this case.

    --

    --
    Karma 50, and all I got was this lousy T-Shirt.
  128. Bah! by CarrionBird · · Score: 1

    Tell me when they can travel at the speed of Bad News, then I'll be interested! (cluebat: that was a joke)

    --
    Free Mac Mini Yeah, it's
  129. Re:Entropy ... (did they take GR into account?) by Enzondio · · Score: 1

    Does that principle apply to atomic clocks? I would think not, but I'm not 100% sure.

  130. Jokes aside, can a physicist comment on this? by Nygard · · Score: 2

    There has been much brouhaha in the past 4 years about an apparent increase in the rate of expansion of the universe. (Type I-A supernovae in distant galaxies look redder than they ought to.)

    Is there a relationship here? Could this fine structure deviation account for the anomalous supernova spectra?

    --
    "Genius may have its limitations, but stupidity is not thus handicapped." --Elbert Hubbard (1856-1915)
  131. Uniformly violent reaction by Royster · · Score: 2

    It's not science.

    They have a critical view in the sense of criticism. Yes, creationists disagreed with the notion that species changed slowly over long periods of time. But their alternative was that there is no evolutionary change at all, not that evolution has rapid and slow phases.

    Irreducable complexity is a crock. "I don't know how it could have happened." is not a proof of Intelligent Design, it is a proof of the lack of imagination.

    Read 15 Answers to Creationist Nonsense from Scientific American.

    --
    I have discovered a truly marvelous sig, unfortunately the sig limit is too small to contain i
  132. The universe expands? How do we know? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The stars travel away from the earth, which we know because of the red shift, right? And this means, that the universe expands? Because we would be the center of the universe otherwise? (This is usually explained with the help of the expanding baloon)
    When this was explained to me in High School it seemed to be logical, but at a second thought...
    IF the universe expands, how can this cause a red shift, as the space in general would expand (including the measurement tools we use to measure the red shift)?

    In my opinion, if you would expand/shrink the entire universe (therefore the space itself and all the matter it containes), nobody would be able to observe this, as everything has still the same relation as it had before. Including the wavelenght of the light. So...?!?

    How can I observe a red shift caused by an expanding space, if my eye/measurement tools expand at the same ratio?

    I just dont get it. Help me please!

    TIA. Malaclypse

    1. Re:The universe expands? How do we know? by ganiman · · Score: 0

      Take a physics class other than high school physics and these things will become more clear.

      --
      geek n performer who performs morbid or disgusting acts, as biting off the head of a live chicken
  133. Hmm by Scooter · · Score: 1

    "On October, 1971, American physicists took four super-accurate atomic clocks, kept two on the ground and put two on commercial jets flying at 1000 kmh in opposite directions around Earth.

    When the planes landed, the scientists found what they were hoping for: The clocks on the high-speed journeys were ticking a few billionths of a second behind their stationary friends.

    Motion, it turns out, slows time "

    Did these guys never consider that perhaps, motion rather than slowing time, just slows atomic clocks? After all, the clock doesn't know it's a device for measuring time does it?

  134. Re:Entropy ... (did they take GR into account?) by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

    Certainly it does - that's how it was veryfied, after all.

    If it didn't apply to clock X (whatever X may be, maybe the next generation clock working on the yet-to-discover principle of Y), General Relativity would be disproven by that fact.

    --
    The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
  135. Ob Spaceballs Reference by alcmena · · Score: 2

    Looks like Dark Helmet was right, light speed is too slow. :)

  136. One is *NOT* prime!! by sydneyfong · · Score: 2

    what are you people thinking?

    I repeat: One is not prime!!

    Prime numbers are numbers that have no other factors than 1 and itself, and the number one is a special case.

    (So basically the number "1" can be used to disprove the hypothesis that all numbers are prime)

    --
    Don't quote me on this.
    1. Re:One is *NOT* prime!! by Hard_Code · · Score: 2

      ok, I believe you, but only because you rationaly explained it was a "special case". Hey, maybe this speed of light being slower is just a "special case".

      --

      It's 10 PM. Do you know if you're un-American?
  137. Age of Universe by gregorious · · Score: 1
    Suppose the speed of light was faster In the Beginning. This would make the Universe younger, if I correctly understand a couple of the macro methods used to estimate our U's age.

    For grins, what kind of delta v--or delta a--do we need to accord with creation in 6 days per the book of Genesis? There were stabs at this 21 years ago:

    http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/c-decay.html

    It would be nice to make the clocks at work run faster so I could get relatively more rest on the Sabbath...

  138. Are you sure? by fireboy1919 · · Score: 1

    Keep in mind that just because one scientist defends his theory badly doesn't mean the theory is wrong. It merely means that the argument must be thrown out. If you look at the two articles, it seems that those arguments that could be shown to be wrong were thrown out.
    The article you mention referred only to 38 points of data. The first, however, used over a hundred. Also, he only made the claim that the speed of light has decreased, and did not discuss how, which was the major way that Setterfield was shown wrong.
    Finally, he gave a lot of verifiable supporting evidence - all known cases where the speed of light was measured using heavenly bodies, and the difference between orbital and atomic clocks, which I would say is the real "proof" of his case.

    I am doubtful of his answer. However, your attempt to discredit him leaves more to be desired.

    --
    Mod me down and I will become more powerful than you can possibly imagine!
  139. One of the Clocks was Slower by HackerusPuz · · Score: 1

    From the article:
    In October, 1971, American physicists took four super-accurate atomic clocks, kept two on the ground and put two on commercial jets flying at 1000 kmh in opposite directions around Earth. When the planes landed, the scientists found what they were hoping for: The clocks on the high-speed journeys were ticking a few billionths of a second behind their stationary friends.

    I know this sounds like I'm being ridiculous but I'm pretty sure one of the clocks was a little ahead. I remember reading this in a modern physics textbook in college. Unfortunately, I can't immediately find any reference on the web, so verifying this will be left as an excercise to the reader.

    The fact that they were both behind is a common misconception. Around the time that I read this, a professor who was visiting and who was well known to the department gave a talk showing how Enstein's relativity is incomplete, etc., etc. and used the clocks on the airplanes as an example. Unfortunately, this kind of blatant ignoring of phenomena happens all the time in science. In other words, if the dominant theory doesn't provide an adequate explanation, it must not exist.

    I could go on a rant about how this happens even in medicine with doctors ignoring any condition for which there is not a pill but I'll just stop there. Anyway, I believe we'll see more holes being poked in relativity in the coming years.

  140. another hypothesis due to reletivity by maddogsparky · · Score: 2
    Maybe the region of the universe that is visable to us has a non-constant velocity (e.g. it could be orbiting a non-visable portion of the universe that is far away but has a very large mass).

    Imagine a large spacecraft traveling with a positive, but constant, velocity that was rotating in a vector orthogonal to its direction of travel. Two experiments that measure the speed of light to a high degree of accuracy are performed onboard the spacecraft; one at some distance away from the axis of rotation of the spacecraft and the other on the axis of rotation. Two observers that are very sensitive to red and blue shifts in light (due to the Doppler effect) are also on board, one by each experiment.

    One observer, Alice, travels in the same portion of the spacecraft as the equipment and at the same velocity as the equipment, thus having zero velocity in the frame of reference of the equipment. However, due to rotation about the axis of the spacecraft, her (and the experiment's) frame of reference experiences time in a non-linear fashion (due to their non-constant speed with respect to the absolute frame of reference). Note that the speed of light measured in the experiment (relative to the Alice's frame of reference) changes depending on her instantaneous absolute velocity (and speed). Also note that Alice would not observe a blue or red shift in the equipment, since she has the same frame of reference as the experment and experiences time at the same rate.

    The other observer, Bob, is positioned on the axis of rotation of the spacecraft and has the same frame of reference as the spacecraft. If Bob runs the same experiment as Alice, but the equipment is set up at on the axis of rotation of the spacecraft, Bob would measure the same value for the speed of light in his experiment as long as the velocity of the spacecraft remained constant. Bob would alternately observe red shifts and blue shifts when viewing Alice and her experiment. Likewise, Alice would alternately see blue and red shifts when viewing Bob and his experiment.

    The red and blue shifts are due to relativity and the Doppler effect. Since their absolute velocities are changing, the light gets "bunched up" or "spread out" when leaving from an object in motion, depending on whether it is emitted from the side of the object that is in the direction of its absolute motion. When Alice's absolute velocity has a component that is the same as the velocity of the spacecraft, the light she is emitting toward's Bob is "bunched", or blue shifted. When here absolute velocity has a component that is the oposite as the velocity of the spacecraft, light she emits toward Bob is "spread out", or red shifted.

    I propose that we are in the same situation as Alice the observer, that is, traveling at the same rate as the experiment setup. Our visible portion of the universe corresponds to Alice and her experiment and has a similar frame of reference. The axis of rotation of the spacecraft corresponds to an axis of rotation in our universe that is beyond our visible universe. Since we can't determine the absolute velocity of anything within our field of view, there is no way to determine whether our rate of experiencing time is constant relative to the absolute frame of reference of the universe.

    The absolute frame of reference of the universe would be the frame of reference that has the maximum speed of light. Since models of the universe that have a big bang event nicely condense all matter into a small area, it is easy to imagine a point in the absolute frame of reverence--one that has all the matter with zero velocity. In that frame of reference, the speed of light as emmitted and measured within that frame of reference would be the maximum out of all possible frame of references that have light being emitted and measured.

    --
    science is a religion
  141. Oy vey by Wah · · Score: 2

    Face facts - evolution AND creation are more than just theories. The answer to these questions will be fundamentally more than just "how old is the earth?". It will address whether there is a God, whether there is an afterlife or not, whether this life has any meaning, and much more. Our whole life stands to be turned around by this question.

    Not really. This would be true if you based your entire worldview on a rather old book. For those of us that don't, it's merely another way to look at how we got here. Using evidence and critical thought.

    This is not just a question of science, but a question of our entire life direction and purpose.

    This is probably why you can't make any progress. See first paragraph.

    Ocean basins were created and the waters receded into them.

    How many times does "created" come up in your arguments? Is this why it is called "creation" science, the answer to "why" is always "it was created"? You are skipping the "how" part of the question, and jumping straight to "why". Science tends to focus on "how" and religion jumps to "why". This is another reason you make little progess in your forum debates.

    Evolution took the world by storm. It won by popularity contest even before there was evidence for it, just Charles Darwin's hypotheses. The world was ready to hear it and they grabbed onto it.

    Similar to how Christianity and Islam did, no? People know a good idea when they see one.

    --
    +&x
    1. Re:Oy vey by Tyreth · · Score: 1
      An atheist has just as much to lose. If evolution turns out to be false, then suddenly there is a God, and there is meaning to our actions. Which also means responsibility.

      The logical conclusion of evolution is that there is no meaning, no right and wrong. While doing something may not be desired by many, it is certainly not 'wrong'.

      How many times does "created" come up in your arguments?

      The flood was described as a supernatural event. It is only expected that some things occurred in it (eg the flood itself) by miraculous means. After all, that's what the Bible says. The area of science for a creationist here is describing what they would expect to see if the flood had occurred, and see if the evidence fits those predictions. When the waters receeded in the Bible it says that God had his hand in that event, so I can safely use the word "created". Read the hydroplate theory if you want a full description of predictions if the flood were true, on http://www.creationscience.com

    2. Re:Oy vey by Wah · · Score: 2

      If evolution turns out to be false, then suddenly there is a God, and there is meaning to our actions. Which also means responsibility.

      I'm not sure where you get this stuff from, but this is a logical nightmare. So it's only evolution or creation? Is it if any part of evolutionary theory is false, or the whole premise? Because, well, there's lot of biologist who do it all the time, so one of those isn't going to happen. And the parts that get refined are part of a process called science (which I beginning to think you have only a general concept of).

      The logical conclusion of evolution is that there is no meaning, no right and wrong. While doing something may not be desired by many, it is certainly not 'wrong'.

      Umm, how is that logical? Perhaps on a purely biological level right and wrong can be iffy, but if you look at psychology and moral philosophy, they still seem to be around. The stark, harsh right and wrong of the Bible are pretty strange when interpreted literally and lead to...well...look at countries that have ruling theocracies and see how things turn out. Laws and morality have come quite a ways since Hammurabi.

      I also find it hard to believe that a concept encompassing billions of years of willful (my word) decisions leading ultimately to the rise of consciousness, from basic energy to complex living matter, can be devoid of deeper meaning. Who told you that it wasn't? Hovind, perhaps?

      . The area of science for a creationist here is describing what they would expect to see if the flood had occurred, and see if the evidence fits those predictions.

      Funny you should mention that. If you would like to know more about it, perhaps you could read a book. Or if not, how about a web page. There is rather strong evidence that a rather apocalyptic flood did occur. However, unless the authors who wrote about it had access to satellite imagery and international communications infrastructure, I find the claim of a world-wide phenomenon rather sketchy. It certainly would have seemed that way to them, since their perception of the planet was so limited, and they would have written in such a way that expressed these perceptions, but now we're questioning the FACTS of the Bible, and that's not allowed.

      After all, that's what the Bible says.

      And until you can look beyond that great work, and use the data collected by other true believers, believers in a process of finding little bits of Truth in the world around them and building a bigger picture from it, you will make no progress.

      BTW, I already read some creationist apologists on the Ballard research. Most end with "Well, that's not what the Bible says, so he's wrong." Sorry, but if you only have one resource, you aren't doing very good research.

      Anyway, these conversations are always fun, if tiring. Even if you are trolling.

      --
      +&x
    3. Re:Oy vey by Tyreth · · Score: 1

      I used to enjoy these conversations. I don't anymore. I get tired of explaining things I've explained a thousand times before, correcting misunderstandings, and generally repeating myself.

    4. Re:Oy vey by Wah · · Score: 2

      Yes, stop thinking. Go back to reading your dogma. Or save yourself some time and learn how the science actually works and what it is saying. You'll realize that most of the contradictions you feel are due to your own misunderstanding of the words you've been trying to use.

      --
      +&x
  142. *forehead slap* by Nindalf · · Score: 1

    That makes sense... in an arbitrary yet convenient kind of way.

    Personally, I would prefer that prime numbers include one, even though mathematicians would have to say "prime numbers other than one" a lot more often than "prime numbers."

  143. Ouch! by Loki_1929 · · Score: 2

    Speed of light... decreasing...
    E=mc^2....
    E... decreasing....
    m... another form of E...
    m... decreasing...
    cosmological constant.. not constant; decreasing...
    less matter, less energy...
    Both Big Bang theory versions incorrect, the universe is neither expanding infinitely, nor is it periodically collapsing and expanding....
    One Big Bang, matter/energy dissipates..
    Conservation laws gone...
    Universe... will soon be gone...

    Brain hurts now
    No more thinky today

    --
    -- "Government is the great fiction through which everybody endeavors to live at the expense of everybody else."
  144. Fair's fair, mate by xA40D · · Score: 2

    It seems Einstein was an Aussie too.

    Hmm, I wonder how this is going to make my beer taste?

    --
    Do you mind, your karma has just run over my dogma.
  145. On the other hand by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Perhaps instead of light slowing down, time is just going faster. I have some empirical data to support this, as I get older time seems to be accelerating at an alarming rate.

  146. I actually understood the paper... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    The calculation they did was with an oversimplified theory, so it's not surprising that they get "results" that appear problematic. If they had used a theory which could accomodate the varying fine structure "constant", they'd get different results and might not have to worry about the Second Law. And yes, various candidates for such a theory do exist, and they are compatible with Special Relativity, so no worries for Albert.

    As for the speed of light changing, it depends what units you measure it in, so it's physically meaningless to claim it was different in the past. With current methods of measurement, c is defined to a be a particular number of metres per second - it's a conversion factor between m and s. Only dimensionless numbers have an unambiguous physical meaning, the question "is it c or e that is changing" is pointless since neither can be measured and it makes no difference to the theory.

    (Then why did they claim there was a difference? - because they got themselves confused about the mass of the black hole... they had hidden assumptions, which meant that what they thought was increasing entropy due to "changing c" was in fact due to increasing the mass!)

    Why do you say the original study was flawed?

    tdent@umich.edu

  147. I guess I'm an idiot then, by Wah · · Score: 2

    since that was the only point I saw you try and make. If you'd like to re-iterate your point, I'd be glad to wear it down to a nub, yet again.

    --
    +&x
  148. Re:Hydroplate 'theory'... by fluffy666 · · Score: 1

    Yes, this theory does have some predictions. Such as the entire atmosphere and hydrosphere of the planet boiling into space. And the rheology of the mantle being entirely different from that observed today. And all the seafloor being the same depth regardless of radiometric age.

    I know the creationist position. It's called lie, evade, build strawmen, never make predictions that can be tested, take quotes out of context, and generally try to decieve the gullable and misinformed.