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In The Beginning & The Keys of Egypt

honestpuck writes "Linguistics has long been an interest of mine, and one of my fields of study, and I've recently read two good books that combine linguistics with other topics. The Keys of Egypt is the tale of history's most famous decoding task, the translation of Egyptian hieroglyphics and In The Beginning is the story of the King James Bible, the history, theology, politics, linguistics and technology that surrounded Bible translation and printing in Renaissance Europe and England." Read on for his combination review of two books that might inspire your curiosity, no matter how far from the usual Slashdot fare. In The Beginning & The Keys of Egypt author Alister E. McGrath & Lesley Adkins & Roy Adkins pages 352 & 368 publisher Anchor & Perennial rating 7 reviewer Tony Williams ISBN 0385722168, 0060953497 summary A good book on the history of the King James Bible & A decent read on the translation of hieroglyphics

Hieroglyphs The Keys Of Egypt was written by husband-and-wife archaeological team Lesley and Roy Adkins. It is subtitled "The Race to Crack the Hieroglyph Code," and starts with a short chapter that introduces the eventual winner of that race, the Frenchman Jean-Francois Champollion, and mentions his most serious rival, the Englishman Thomas Young.

The book goes on to examine Napoleon's expedition to Egypt which both brought the Rosetta Stone to light and started a period of French and European fascination with ancient Egypt. These were the two catalysts for the riddle's eventual solution.

This is a well-written book that looks at the struggle and race for translation and the political and academic machinations (often both combined) that surrounded Champollion. It is essentially a biography of Champollion, who grew up and worked amid the turmoil of the Napoleonic era. The story is a compelling one and the authors have done well to make it at times fascinating.

As a genre I find that 'scientific biographies' tend to be a little overblown and flowery, the writing not quite precise -- and Keys suffers from these shortcomings. I also felt that while the book is subtitled "The Race to Crack the Hieroglyph Code" it really only focuses on Champollion, while he is the eventual winner a little more effort in examining the others involved in the effort would have improved the book.

The Bible It can be argued that the King James Bible has had as large an effect on our language today as the work of Shakespeare. 'In The Beginning' has at its core the story of biblical translation, a topic you may think anything but fascinating. McGrath has done a good job in making this a compelling book.

He starts, as one may expect, with the story of Gutenberg and his first printed bibles. Before arriving at the King James he covers Martin Luther, the rise of Protestantism in Europe, Henry the Eighth, more than one hanging, and several other bible translations and translators. Along the way he manages to dispel a few myths I had held about biblical translation and the King James in particular. I always thought that it was the King James version that introduced the idea of the main body in roman type and words inserted to clarify meaning in italics, but it was actually an earlier English translation known as the Geneva Bible that first implemented this idea. After explaining the technology, theology, politics and linguistics nuances that led King James to permit (but not fund) a new translation, McGrath tells us how the translation was accomplished organizationally before examining some of the nuances of the translation itself. Some of the language in the King James was archaic even when it was published; translators had been instructed to lift from previous translations all the way back to the partial translation of William Tynsdale published 90 years earlier, and this at a time when the English language was going through the huge changes of the Elizabethan era. McGrath examines this aspect, pointing out such things as changes in verb endings and personal pronouns.

I found the book patchy. McGrath does a much better job covering the story up until the translation. It is harder to get a feel for how the translation was accomplished and how the various teams worked, and when he comes to examine some of the nuances of the translation, the text makes much harder going. If this had not been a part of the topic that interested me a great deal, I may have lost interest.

Conclusion

Both books may have their flaws but both are well worth the read. It is important to realise the history of science and language that have brought us to our current place and both these volumes do a good job of illuminating the past efforts of men who worked under entirely different pressures than we find today.

You can purchase both In The Beginning and The Keys of Egypt from bn.com. Slashdot welcomes readers' book reviews -- to see your own review here, read the book review guidelines, then visit the submission page.

365 comments

  1. Jerry Falwell sentences Timothy to Fatwah by Adam+Rightmann · · Score: 0, Funny
    for posting "The Bible... has its flaws".

    It's okay Timothy, the True Church understands the Bible can not be interpreted directly as the immutable Word of God, so if the heretical snake handlers come after you, you can seek refuge in Rome.

    --
    A. Rightmann
  2. Interesting topics, horrible review by Call+Me+Black+Cloud · · Score: 1, Offtopic

    Really, I've read better reviews on amazon.com. It reads like something a 5th grader turned in. There's nothing there to persuade or dissuade me from reading either book. What a waste of a front page slot.

    1. Re:Interesting topics, horrible review by JessLeah · · Score: 2, Funny

      You obviously went to a better fifth grade class than I did. I was virtually the only one in my fifth grade class who could put together a coherent sentence.

    2. Re:Interesting topics, horrible review by Mr.+Droopy+Drawers · · Score: 1

      I quite agree. About all I got was, "It was compelling" Or, it was patchy.

      I had hoped for a little background on each subject. What was discovered that first allowed the first insight behind the hieroglyphics?

      What about the political courage of authors such as Tynsdale? Such translations must have been heretical to the Catholic Church at the time.

      Great topics. Too bad I didn't get to learn more.. even about the books on the subject.

      --

      To Copy from One is Plagiarism; To Copy from Many is Research.

    3. Re:Interesting topics, horrible review by crow976 · · Score: 1

      It's just a review, it's not supposed to be some kind of award-material essay or something... and I don't see what is so horrible about it. It's friday man, chill out.

    4. Re:Interesting topics, horrible review by DigiShaman · · Score: 1

      Geeks are always moody of Fridays. That's because everyone else will be getting some but them.

      --
      Life is not for the lazy.
    5. Re:Interesting topics, horrible review by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How true.

      The review is so short it could have been taken off the back cover of the book.

    6. Re:Interesting topics, horrible review by AForwardMotion · · Score: 0

      You sound like a divorsed community college english professor badgering his uncaring class.

    7. Re:Interesting topics, horrible review by DNS-and-BIND · · Score: 1
      Yes, but the reviews on amazon.com are typically written by twits. This review is by One Of Us(supposedly).

      You might as well decide your movie viewing habits by reading the reviews in imdb.com. Imdb is a useful place, but its reviews are garbage written by mentally-masturbating graduates from film school who have weblogs. There's nothing quite like reading a sniffy, condescending film school review of of a movie like UHF or Evil Dead 2.

      --
      Shutting down free speech with violence isn't fighting fascism. It IS fascism!
    8. Re:Interesting topics, horrible review by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Compared to the last review (about some sci-fi book on Atlantis, and thankfully I managed to forget the rest of it), this one is the epitome of erudite expression.

  3. Most *brilliant* decoding task. by Black+Parrot · · Score: 4, Interesting


    If you're intersted in decypherments you should look at John Chadwick's Decipherment of Linear B and more recent literature on that topic, a stunning intellectual feat done without the benefit of any Rosetta Stone.

    --
    Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    1. Re:Most *brilliant* decoding task. by RobotWisdom · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Even more recent is Faucounau's plausible approach to the Phaistos disk

    2. Re:Most *brilliant* decoding task. by kalidasa · · Score: 1

      From what I see from the link provided, Faucounau's "plausible approach" has nothing to recommend it as scholarship. Maybe the book itself is better, but I've read enough "plausible approaches" to the Phaistos disk to be skeptical of any attempt to decipher a single-text script.

      One of the big proponents on the net of Faucounau's work (according to the link provided) is a fellow named Grapheus, whose scholarship is best illustrated by the following:

      All the Olympian Gods including Poseidon and Dionysus have been identified in Greek Linear B inscriptions and the original kings whose ancestor cults their worship was based on have been identified in Greek Linear A inscriptions which corroborate the accounts of Diodorus and other Greek historians as to when and where they ruled.

      Linear A is not Greek. It's undeciphered. The rest of this comment is equally ill-informed. Noone takes this kind of Euhermistic approach to Greek mythology seriously, except maybe the lunatic fringe.

      Comparing this to Ventris's decipherment of Linear B is like comparing a script kiddie hack to BSD.

    3. Re: Most *brilliant* decoding task. by Black+Parrot · · Score: 1


      > From what I see from the link provided, Faucounau's "plausible approach" has nothing to recommend it as scholarship. Maybe the book itself is better, but I've read enough "plausible approaches" to the Phaistos disk to be skeptical of any attempt to decipher a single-text script.

      It's essentially impossible, since there isn't anything to constrain the meaning. Linear B at least had all the little pictures associated with the words and short phrases, and there's a pretty big corpus of it.

      > One of the big proponents on the net of Faucounau's work (according to the link provided) is a fellow named Grapheus, whose scholarship is best illustrated by the following [...]

      Grapheus is a well-known Usenet kook on topics of language and Greek history.

      > Linear A is not Greek. It's undeciphered.

      There is a certain amount of overlap between the symbols used for Linear A and Linear B, suggesting that Linear B was adapted to Greek when the languages came into contact. It's actually a piss-poor way to represent Greek, which tells us that it was invented for a language with a phonology very different from Greek.

      There's an obvious notion that the symbols shared between Linear A and Linear B represented the same sound in both languages, but when we map the known sound values from Linear B onto Linear A inscriptions the result does not match or even resemble any known language. Barring the discovery of a Rosseta stone for it, it will never be deciphered. Linear B wouldn't have been deciphered if it hadn't been a familiar language and lots of drawings on the tables to guide and confirm the decipherment.

      But in the bigger picture, IIRC, there isn't even a fully consistent set of symbols used across the various Linear A inscriptions, telling us that at best it wasn't a very standardized writing system and at worst the inscriptions might not even all be in the same language.

      BTW, a certain David Packard, scion of the H-P Packards, published a book about the patterns observed in the symbol groupings of the Linear A inscriptions. I've thumbed through a library copy, but didn't have time to read it.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    4. Re:Most *brilliant* decoding task. by RobotWisdom · · Score: 1
      "...a fellow named Grapheus, whose scholarship is best illustrated by the following..."

      Your own ineptitude and irresponsibility is best illustrated by the fact you can't tell Grapheus from Agamemnon.

    5. Re: Most *brilliant* decoding task. by RobotWisdom · · Score: 1
      "Grapheus is a well-known Usenet kook on topics of language and Greek history."

      Either you're confusing Grapheus with Agamemnon, or you're a shallow and superficial judge.

    6. Re:Most *brilliant* decoding task. by kalidasa · · Score: 1

      Misread the nesting in the emails, that's true. So you're right that "Agamemnon" cannot be taken to represent views typical of those who accept Fauconau's view. However, the original comment stands, that a decryption of a single text is very unlikely. I've read other decryptions that claimed it to be Greek. They all fall apart. So permit me to be skeptical, as someone with a degree in the subject (and not in the reading of tightly nested USENET arguments), of the claims that Fauconau's work represent a decipherment.

    7. Re: Most *brilliant* decoding task. by kalidasa · · Score: 1

      David Packard is also the primary sponsor of the Packard Humanities Institute, which is involved in computerizing classical Roman texts, and is I suspect a sponsor of the TLG, the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae.

      All of your other comments show real knowledge of Linear A and Linear B. [That's a compliment.] Also, the Maurice Pope book is highly recommended.

      Linear B is about as good at representing Greek as katakana is at representing English. Like katakana, Linear B is a consonant+vowel syllabary; like English, Greek has a large repertoire of consonant clusters. Sometimes double consonants are treated as they are in katakana, by representing say tro- as to-ro- , sometimes they are left out (especially trailing sigmas). Also, there are Greek consonants that are poorly represented in Linear B: there's even the fact that the signs for r*- are used for l*- in common! Linear B also doesn't represent the aspirations: so th*- (which in ancient Greek is translated as t'h, not as it is later as an eth) becomes t*-.

      This does not, by the way, mean that the language behind Linear A is related to Japanese! But I'm sure I could make an argument that would convince the members of a USENET newsgroup that it is, based on the tiny amount of evidence provided here: and the fact that Japan is so far away from Crete wouldn't be an objection, as many scholars think that Japanese is related to the Uralic-Altaic languages, and Turkish, which is spoken on the shores of the Aegean today and until the 19th century was widely spoken in Crete, is a Uralic-Altaic language. (The giant gaping holes in the argument are obvious to anyone who knows a little history, e.g., knows that the Turks and other Altaic peoples only came into the area in the Middle Ages - Scythian was probably an Indo-European language - that writing systems are transmitted wholly independently of languages, etc. The point in the beginning was to show that Linear B shows all the features of a writing system for one language adopted for another or others, as katakana is a writing system based upon Japanese phonology but used for non-Japanese languages, but I wanted to also show how easy it is to come up with what sounds superficially like a good linguistic argument to laymen who don't have a background in historical linguistics).

    8. Re:Most *brilliant* decoding task. by RobotWisdom · · Score: 1
      a decryption of a single text is very unlikely. ...So permit me to be skeptical, as someone with a degree in the subject

      If you've got special training, you've got an even greater responsibility not to make dismissive comments based on superficial investigation. Faucounau handles the available evidence with brilliant insight, and even if his reconstruction is false it sets the standard by which future efforts must be judged.

  4. No mention of Tyndale? by mrAgreeable · · Score: 5, Interesting

    A shame. The King James Bible was almost certainly based on his translation. I've seen estimates that as much as 80% of the King James Bible was actually his work.

    Like so many great reformers, he was put to death. His last known letter before he died is especially tragic to read.

    The Tyndale Society

    1. Re:No mention of Tyndale? by pseudochaotic · · Score: 5, Informative
      He might have misspelled it in the review, but it's still there.

      translators had been instructed to lift from previous translations all the way back to the partial translation of William Tynsdale published 90 years earlier

      --
      And the l33t shall inherit the 34r7h.
    2. Re:No mention of Tyndale? by rk2z · · Score: 1
      Hello?!

      what about this sentence:

      McGrath tells us how the translation was accomplished organizationally before examining some of the nuances of the translation itself. Some of the language in the King James was archaic even when it was published; translators had been instructed to lift from previous translations all the way back to the partial translation of William Tynsdale published 90 years earlier, and this at a time when the English language was going through the huge changes of the Elizabethan era.

      --
      This is a sig, there are many like it, but this is mine.
    3. Re:No mention of Tyndale? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      Tyndale was truly a great man.

      His knowledge of languages was very great.

      It's tragic that he died, but atleast his final prayer on the burning stake was answered with the KJV:

      "Lord, open the King of England's eyes."

      The estimates are not that 80% of the KJV is based on his work, but that 80% is similar.

      What this means is that England's 47 best Hebrew and Greek scholar's of the day only disagreed with him on 20% of the bible.

      What an accomplishment for Tyndale.

      And his mission was eventually also fullfilled with Gutenberg and the KJV, so that the boy in the field may know more about the God's Word then the bishop of the Church Of England.

      You know we have christianity and the bible to thank for popularizing literacy.

      The chinese had the printing press a long time ago, but they didn't have the bible and thus no motive for teaching everyone to read, while western europe valued literacy very greatly because of the bible, their Holy book.

      Jews also had this advantage, in ancient times when most people didn't care to read/write every Jewish boy was being thaught to read their scriptures.

    4. Re:No mention of Tyndale? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Yes it was a tragedy that Tyndale was captured by the Roman Catholic Church and put to death because he had the audacity to suggest that laymen should be able to read the Bible without the help of a priest.

      But no, he did not make up 80% of the KJV; there are much better books detailing the history of the KJV. See "Defending the King James Bible" by Dr. D.A. Waite, or "Examining the King James Only Controversy" by David Cloud.

      Just avoid books by Peter Ruckman; the guy is a nut.

    5. Re:No mention of Tyndale? by blamanj · · Score: 1

      Like so many great reformers, he was put to death.

      Funny you should mention that, and not the irony of it all. He was put to death for translating the Bible into English.

      (You could argue that it was for disobeying authority, etc., but the creation of the English language Bible is what got him into hot water.)

    6. Re:No mention of Tyndale? by 0x0d0a · · Score: 1

      Yes it was a tragedy that Tyndale was captured by the Roman Catholic Church and put to death because he had the audacity to suggest that laymen should be able to read the Bible without the help of a priest.

      Martin Luther almost suffered the same fate for the same reason.

    7. Re:No mention of Tyndale? by mrAgreeable · · Score: 1

      Wow. Yeah. Well, it is slashdot, and reading the whole article before criticizing it would be out of line.

    8. Re:No mention of Tyndale? by bj8rn · · Score: 1

      I think Luther's problems started already before translating the Bible into German - he translated (interpreted some parts of it quite freely, so that it would correspond to his own ideas) the book in 1522, but was declared a heretic (and in the Church's opinion, the only dead heretic was a dead one, so Luther was a major disappointment for still being alive) already in 1517, for publishing his propositions concerning indulgences.

      --
      Hell is not other people; it is yourself. - Ludwig Wittgenstein
  5. Just a question about translations... by Baron_Yam · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Has anyone in the last couple of decades attempted a translation from the oldest possible sources for the Bible's contents?

    While I'm sure it would piss off a few here and there (see what happened with Jewish scholars when those scrolls were translated a while back) it would be interesting to compare a direct translation based on modern understanding to the more popular current versions that have passed through multiple interpretations through multiple cultural lenses.

    1. Re:Just a question about translations... by JDBrechtel · · Score: 3, Informative

      I believe the NIV (New International Version) of the bible was translated recently (1965) and I'm sure would have only used the oldest sources.

      Here's some more info

      http://www.gospelcom.net/ibs/niv/background.php

    2. Re:Just a question about translations... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      According to my Jews for Jesus acquaintance, it does not matter. All bible translation occurs under the influence of God and is immune from question.

      Yeah, that's what I thought when I heard it too...

    3. Re:Just a question about translations... by the_helper_monkey · · Score: 1

      I'm not sure what you mean by "more popular current versions" but all the current versions I know of attempt to go back to the oldest possible sources. The problem with doing that is that it can be hard to date the texts and most of the old texts are only partial. But that's what makes translating the Bible so interesting. There are enough sources with enough variation that many words translated needs to be interpreted. Usually this interpretation is based on one's theology, which is why there are so many different versions.

    4. Re:Just a question about translations... by young-earth · · Score: 4, Informative

      The question is what is the oldest manuscript. For the Greek (NT) portion, the Roman Catholic Church has two rather badly corrupted manuscripts (Sinaiticus and Vaticanus) which were basically unused for 1500 years or so. Unused because they were so corrupt. An unused manuscript gets to be an old manuscript; valid ones get used and copied, so the request for the oldest is actually a bit off the mark.

      It is widely known that the best Greek text is the "Textus Receptus"; the altered text or "Westcott and Hort" or "Nestle-Aland" text is the one based on the corrupted manuscripts.

      Unfortunately, in the 20th and 21st centuries the only new translations that have been done were based on the Westcott and Hort manuscripts. The last translation done from a good manuscript is the KJV.

      The Hebrew text that's been proven totally accurate, by comparison with the Dead Sea Scrolls, is the Masoretic text. And guess what, that's in the KJV. I don't think any modern translations have used that, but I'm not certain on that point.

      Note the reason for this: you can't copyright something unless it's sufficiently DIFFERENT from something that's in the public domain. The KJV was never copyrighted; all the new translations are done for-profit and are copyrighted (with one exception, the World English Bible). So of course the new translations are different, they wouldn't be worth anything (profit-wise) if they weren't. But there's no indication the KJV is wrong.

      In point of fact, the KJV was translated when the English language was at its zenith (it was contemporary with Shakespeare).

    5. Re:Just a question about translations... by schmidt349 · · Score: 5, Informative

      Almost all major translation efforts carried out since the release of the Revised Standard Version have used as their reference texts the Nestle-Aland and UBS revisions of the Greek New Testament, which are critical texts based on the oldest available sources for the NT. There is no doubt that translations effected today are based on much better-attested texts than what was available to the creators of the King James Version, since certain discoveries had simply not been made by that point. In fact, one of the "baseline" texts for the NA/UBS editions is Codex Sinaiticus, a fourth-century well-preserved Greek New Testament manuscript that was only rediscovered in the nineteenth century. Hic parvus porcus ad forum veni...

    6. Re:Just a question about translations... by cford · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I think the International Standard Version (ISV) does that. It is a very recent translation. In fact, I don't think they've finished translating the Old Testament portion yet. The New Testament portion is available though, in hard-copy or electronic forms. You can see what texts they use as their base texts at the Translation Principles page on their website: ISV

    7. Re:Just a question about translations... by RobotWisdom · · Score: 4, Interesting
      Has anyone in the last couple of decades attempted a translation from the oldest possible sources for the Bible's contents?

      I tried to inventory all online translations and most major offline versions here

    8. Re:Just a question about translations... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, the NIV uses the Westcott and Hort greek manuscripts, which were badly corrupted. So did the NASB, NLT, TNIV, etc. For more information about how bad the "older" manuscripts are, see here.

    9. Re:Just a question about translations... by schmidt349 · · Score: 5, Informative

      "It is widely known that the best Greek text is the "Textus Receptus"; the altered text or "Westcott and Hort" or "Nestle-Aland" text is the one based on the corrupted manuscripts." This is idiotic, and I'll explain why: The Textus Receptus was created in 1518 by Desiderius Erasmus, a very wise scholar of many ancient languages. Unfortunately, dear old Erasmus had access to only a handful of Byzantine-tradition manuscripts for his Textus Receptus, so it absolutely positively cannot be a more reliable source than the emended texts available today. Incidentally, his only copy of the book of Revelations was missing the last few pages! His solution: he retranslated the Vulgate's Latin text of the pages into Greek, so his last few chapters of Revelation were a translation of a translation... think about a video that goes through multiple standards conversions and you get the impression of what the TR's last few pages of Revelations look like. Ah, the extents to which people will go to discredit Alexandrine-tradition manuscripts anymore... (of course, the Gospel of John text in Sinaiticus is Byzantine, but I suppose that spells the difference between "badly corrupted" and "totally corrupted" to the otherwise uneducated.

    10. Re:Just a question about translations... by Teach · · Score: 4, Informative

      ...the more popular current versions that have passed through multiple interpretations through multiple cultural lenses.

      The New International Version dates from 1978, and many consider it to be very good. The updated New American Standard was originally done in 1971, but was updated as recently as 1995. Both are "from scratch" translations from the most reliable texts currently available, so neither has passed through "multiple cultural lenses". And I'd say the NIV is the most popular current translation (for Protestants, anyway), so your assertion is incorrect.

      You can find information on other modern translations at Zondervan's site.

      Interpretation of any centuries-old work is difficult, and involves two phases. First is exegesis, the careful, systematic study of the Scripture to discover the original, intended meaning. That is, what was the original writer attempting to say to the original audience? This is where better understanding of the source language and the culture at the time of writing is most helpful.

      The second phase is hermeneutics, the contemptorary relevance of ancient texts. That is, given the original, intended meaning of this passage, what does it mean to me, today?

      An excellent book discussing proper exegesis and hermeneutics, looking book-by-book at each literary type in the Bible is How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth, by Stuart and Fee. I highly recommend it for those interested in the subject.

      --
      Graham "Teach" Mitchell, computer science teacher, Leander HS
    11. Re:Just a question about translations... by rjamestaylor · · Score: 2, Informative
      • Has anyone in the last couple of decades attempted a translation from the oldest possible sources for the Bible's contents?
      That's exactly where the American Standard Version (and its crippled counterpart the Revised Standard Version), Darby's New Translation, the New Internation Version (more of "thought translation" than "word by word") and other modern translations have come from. The latest work on reconstituting the oldest and closest-to-the-original (sometimes the oldest available isn't the most authentic...think about it; sometimes a revision is better preserved than a revered and faithfully copied original) bibical texts is embodied in the United Bible Society's Nestle-Aland Greek Text of the New Testament.

      For a compendium of many translations see The Bible Gateway.

      A quick look on the Net for more info should you be interested lead me to this page, which APPEARS to be a fairly decent resource for more info on this topic. (*I haven't reviewed it thoroughly just briefly--but it rings objective*)

      --
      -- @rjamestaylor on Ello
    12. Re:Just a question about translations... by The+Wookie · · Score: 1

      Even some of the modern translations, supposedly based on what we think are the most accurate and usually oldest sources, still reflect some cultural biases.

      Part of the problem is that the meanings of the words are often debatable. You might find a word used only once or twice. You might have some idea of the meaning, but not necessarily the exact context.

      Even then, however, there are probably biases in the original text because the oldest fragments of text we have are probably more than 100 years older than the original texts. We don't know how often they were copied and how much they were changed.

      Even if you had the papyrus or parchment that Paul himself (or a scribe) had written, there would still be debates on the meaning.

    13. Re:Just a question about translations... by FesterDaFelcher · · Score: 0

      Everyone knows that the Book of Mormon (genuflect) is the only true translation.

      --
      My user number is prime. Is yours?
    14. Re:Just a question about translations... by young-earth · · Score: 0

      Instead of spouting accusations, I suggest you research things a bit more. You can start here as an example.

    15. Re:Just a question about translations... by young-earth · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Erasmus was fully aware of the Alexandrian manuscripts (Sinaiticus and Vaticanus), but he could easily tell they were corrupt, which is why he did not use them. He travelled extensively and saw far more than the "handful" of manuscripts you claim. Indeed today the manuscript evidence for the TR is up to something over 5000 (including papyrus fragments and bits here and there).

      Erasmus had at least ten manuscripts for his first edition (1516), four in England, five in Basle, and one lent to him. His friend in Rome, Bombasius, checked on some passages in the Vaticanus for Erasmus and let him know what was in it. So Erasmus was fully aware of Vaticanus (or Aleph as it's known today), and he rejected it as not a valid manuscript. It was likely produced in a vast hurry when Constantine ordered 50 copies made quickly.

      So no, your assertions are incorrect.

    16. Re:Just a question about translations... by 4of12 · · Score: 1

      Nice collection.

      You might want to consider the translation these folks have done, too.

      --
      "Provided by the management for your protection."
    17. Re:Just a question about translations... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      In point of fact, the KJV was translated when the English language was at its zenith (it was contemporary with Shakespeare).

      We have more words in English now than we had then. So, it's more likely that now, we would have a word which maps well to a given Hebrew or Greek word than that we would have then.

      Also, KJV was written with the intent to be poetic, while not all of the source texts were written with that intent.

      Ah, KJV-onlyism...

    18. Re:Just a question about translations... by schmidt349 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      "Erasmus was fully aware of the Alexandrian manuscripts " Actually, the distinction between the Alexandrine and Byzantine manuscript traditions wasn't made until the time of Westcott and Hort in the 19th century. Erasmus certainly couldn't have known about Sinaiticus considering it was collecting dust in a Russian monastery at the time. Erasmus was a brilliant man, but bear in mind that he was working within his limits as one man with a limited manuscript collection. Flip open any copy of the NA/UBS to the introduction and you'll find listings of the hundreds, if not thousands, of sources used in that edition's creation. Erasmus' 1516-8 TR was one man's work for a couple of years with a few manuscripts. The NA/UBS text represents the work of hundreds of scholars for close to 70 years with hundreds of sources simply not available to Erasmus. "Indeed today the manuscript evidence for the TR is up to something over 5000 (including papyrus fragments and bits here and there)." "Fragments and bits?" The reliable papyrus fragments (including P64 and P67 particularly, the former of which has been dated by some sources to be as early as 70AD) clearly show Alexandrine readings, and are the sources in the NA/UBS text for their respective passages (various passages in Matthew, IIRC). I haven't done much Web-based reading about textual criticism, but a good primer is available here: http://www.skypoint.com/~waltzmn/intro.html

    19. Re:Just a question about translations... by adamp3 · · Score: 1

      A new translation of the Masoretic Hebrew text was completed in 1985 by the Jewish Publication Society, and is widely considered by scholars to be the best English translation of the original Hebrew text.

    20. Re:Just a question about translations... by drlock · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The Textus Receptus was created in 1518 by Desiderius Erasmus

      That statement is actually misleading. The "Textus Receptus" was based on Erasmus' version, but was revised many times (Erasmus also revised his own text, multiple times), before it was called the "Textus Receptus". The name "Textus Receptus" comes from a quote in the introduction of Bonaventure and Abraham Elzevir's edition published in 1633 (note this is much later than your 1518 date). Check out This article for the quote.

      The truth is that the majority of existing Greek text are remarkably simmilar. There is another Greek text called the "Majority Text" which as the name indicates is based on the majority of available texts. The "Majority Text" is very similar to the "Textus Receptus".
      Some quotes from The Majority Text Society:
      Among these thousands of Greek mss., about eighty-five percent agree among themselves to such a great extent that they might be called a "Majority Text"
      The most widely read translation in history, the King James Version (KJV), is based on the Textus Receptus (TR), a close cousin of the M-text.

      While older, the "Alexandrine-tradition manuscripts" differ quite a bit from the majority of text, which does bring their veracity into question.

    21. Re:Just a question about translations... by schmidt349 · · Score: 1

      "The name "Textus Receptus" comes from a quote in the introduction of Bonaventure and Abraham Elzevir's edition published in 1633 "

      Absolutely correct, which also points out that the TR has many editions spread out over several centuries... however, the other /.er was referring specifically to the edition used in the preparation of the KJV, which would probably have been either Erasmus' original 1516-8 work or one of the subsequent emendations, and I didn't want any confusion. Caveat emptor and all that.

    22. Re:Just a question about translations... by DNS-and-BIND · · Score: 1

      It's interesting to consider the Holy Book of Islam, the Koran, is still pure. It's written in a living language that has never been lost. Most of the Arabic-language classes in America are not conversational, they are specifically designed to allow the student to read the Koran in the original. So when the Koran says something like, "The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His apostle and strive to make mischief in the land is only this, that they should be murdered or crucified or their hands and their feet should be cut off on opposite sides or they should be imprisoned", it has real weight with the true believers. This is where you get the justification for driving a truck filled with explosives into a hospital.

      --
      Shutting down free speech with violence isn't fighting fascism. It IS fascism!
    23. Re:Just a question about translations... by Zooks! · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Unforutnately, we've also lost some things we used to have. For instance, we lost "thou" leaving us with only "you". Previously, English was like many European languages with a distinction between a thou which was a singular/personal "you" (like "tu" in French) and "you" which was strictly a plural/impersonal "you" (like "vous" in French).

      Even after all this time English still lacks certain words or concepts that translate well from ancient Greek. For instance, Greek has several words that we would translate as "to know". But Greek and other European languages (Slovak, for instance) have two (or more) forms of "to know". For instance one form is to know something in the abstract (I know math) and the other is to know someone personally (I know Fred).

      Subtleties like this don't seem to matter in isolation but religious texts are often trying to convey very subtle notions. If your granularity of translation is too corse, the subtleties can get lost very easily.

      --

      --

      "I'm too old to use Emacs." -- Rod MacDonald

    24. Re:Just a question about translations... by Webb21 · · Score: 0
      First off, "Koran" is not a very good english spelling. Qur'an (or Quran) is closer to the mark.
      Also, the aya (verse) you quote mentions a punishment "against those who wage war against Allah and His apostle..." Allah's Apostle (Muhammad, here) is dead, and therefore nobody today can wage a war against him.
      Driving a truck filled with explosives into a hospital is not justified by this or any passage in the Qur'an, as the killing of innocents/civilians is stricly prohibited in Islam. Granted, terrorists do it anyway, but that's why we call them that.

      --
      "A good compromise leaves everyone mad." -Calvin
    25. Re:Just a question about translations... by young-earth · · Score: 1

      You assert "KJV was written with the the intent to be poetic". Have you ever read the translator's notes to the KJV? Poetic is about the last thing they intended. The RSV is very nice and poetic, the Psalms are beautiful in the RSV. But _accurate_ is what the KJV was aiming at, and accurate it is.

      In itself it is of course _not_ inspired; that's the whacky Ruckmanite concept that I warned about in the first post. The original texts were inspired, the KJV is just a faithful translation of them. The Ruckman position, that the KJV itself is inspired, is just plain loony. The tenses of Greek verbs convey meanings that we can't express in English verbs (like a tense that means starting now and going forever).

      And yes, there are more words in English now, but a lot of those have nothing to do with anything in Biblical times. Care to cite an example of a word that was coined after 1611 that would be a better translation of a Hebrew, Greek, or Aramaic word?

    26. Re:Just a question about translations... by eddy+the+lip · · Score: 1

      The Book of J is a very interesting book along these lines. I'm not sure about "oldest possible sources" (I can't recall the source material that was used for it, only that it was a fresh transaltion from the Hebrew).

      The book is a retransalation of the Book of J, what is considered by many scholars to be one of four sources for the Pentateuch. Through the efforts of someone refered to as "the Redactor", much of this work was lost when he cleaned up the Torah. (If memory serves, many think this may have been Ezra. There were probably many redactors, but this one gets the capital R). It's partly a retranslation by David Rosenberg, and literary criticism by Harold Bloom. Because of the fragmentary nature of this "book", it's also part recreation, but masterfully done.

      The Rosenberg portion brings out some of the best stories of the Old Testament, giving character to figures like Abram and Yahweh (their interaction is much more fascinating and human than standard biblical transations). Bloom does his usual excellent job of making us think about things in the text we wouldn't have otherwise noticed. (One of his more interesting contentions is that J was a woman, perhaps a scribe, in the court of King Solomon).

      It's not a popular book in many Christian circles, but it puts a unique light on the origins of these stories, and presents J as equivalant to Homer in literary importance.

      Another translation by David Rosenberg is of Song of Solomon (book of the same name), which restores the beautiful, lyrical nature of the book missed in standard translations. It's been a lot of years since I read it, but I remember enjoying it immensely

      --

      This is the voice of World Control. I bring you Peace.

    27. Re:Just a question about translations... by canicus · · Score: 1

      Where did you get your information? Most webpages on this matter are, at best, unreliable and unscholarly. If you read a book, which book? What were the author's credentials? You see, most scholars tend to agree that the TR is corrupt and these Alexandrian manuscripts represent older, less altered readings, so at least, one of your propositions is false (the one about what scholars believe). So, what about the following? How about your proposition that the DSS vindicated the Masoretic Text? What about Jeremiah? Isn't it significantly shorter there? What about the Pentateuch? Doesn't it have readings that support the LXX and Samaritan Pentateuch over the MT? The last I checked, yeah, it did. If you cannot do these things, then you are most likely just another fundamentalist shooting off his mouth on something, while knowing nothing about it. All my questions are rather basic and you claim at least some knowledge just by posting on it, so if you should be able to answer them. You assert that the English language was at its zenith when the KJV was translated, so how do you reckon that? Why Shakespeare instead of Chaucer, Milton, or Tolkien? That seems rather arbitrary to me. Of course, I tend to think that languages continue to evolve, so even if it was its zenith then, that does not mean that it has not outlived its usefulness at this point. Wasn't the KJV copyrighted at one time? If my memory serves, it was, but I'm not too sure. Nevertheless, a translation is as much the product of the translator as the original text (sometimes more so). You see, I would translate John 1:1 "In the beginning was the Expressed Reason, and the Expressed Reason existed in relation to God, and the Expressed reason was what God was. The same existed in the beginning in relation to God. All things came to be by him, and without him, there came to be not a single thing which has come to be. There was life in him, and the life was the light of men. The light is shining in the darkness, and the darknis did not recieve it." This is an *accurate* translation, and I could copyright it, because it is somewhat different from other English versions. If it is not accurate, please point out with grammars and lexicons (Strong's does not count as a lexicon), how it is not. As a side note on your copyright claim, why would I want a Bible that was the product of political manipulations to control the religion of England of a king who murdered previous translators? For me, I think it might be just a teensy bit biased by its king. Of course, that's just me. Here's a couple more quick questions for you about Sinaiticus and Vaticanus, since you seem so familiar with them: 1). What are their abbreviations? 2). What books do they contain? 3). What is the reading they have at Matthew 15:1? 4). What type of manuscripts are they? 5). What are they written on, and with what kind of ink? 6). Where do they disagree the sharpest? If you are in a position to criticize all the modern translations, you should at least be able to answer these questions. Of course, if you can't you give all Christians everywhere a bad name by making authoritative statements on a subject you know nothing about. I lean towards the latter, as the position you took is uneducated at the very least. Of course, most of you KJV guys can't answer these questions. Of course, most KJV proponents also don't know history, science, or any number of other things. If you aren't just another ignorant fundamentalist, please, by all means, answer at least *some* of these questions.

    28. Re:Just a question about translations... by young-earth · · Score: 1

      The Sinaiticus manuscript was found by Lawrence Tischendorff in the 1800s at a monastery where it was in a pile of things to be burned. The monks knew it was a corrupt and useless manuscript. Think about it - how does a manuscript survive for 1500 years? By heavy use? No, by total disuse. This manuscript was so bad that it had not been used, and therefore had survived.

      In fact more recent discoveries of far older sources than Sinaiticus and Vaticanus (the other principal manuscript used by the ASV, RSV, etc.) have been strongly toward the TR side, with the result that the later Nestle-Aland Greek NT is moving away from the Westcott and Hort text that the ASV, RSV, NIV, NLT, NASV were based on and back toward the KJV manuscript base.

    29. Re:Just a question about translations... by blamanj · · Score: 1

      the Koran, is still pure. It's written in a living language that has never been lost.

      Not necessarily. For one thing, the meaning of words change over time. For example, "barbarian" originally meant foreigner. It took on the meaning of vulgar invaders.

      For another, there are those who suggest that some of the original language of the Koran was based on Aramaic, rather than Arabic, and this suggests some radically different translations of key passages.

    30. Re:Just a question about translations... by DNS-and-BIND · · Score: 1
      Koran is an English word. Deal with it.

      Secondly, the people in the hospital were not innocents. They were Russians.

      --
      Shutting down free speech with violence isn't fighting fascism. It IS fascism!
    31. Re:Just a question about translations... by susano_otter · · Score: 1

      The differences are not necessarily theological. The edition of the NIV that I have was translated by an interdenominational team, that also included non-religious scholars. This was but one of the special efforts made to prevent bias in the final work.

      Also, wherever there was significant disagreement among the translators, the most commonly accepted version of the passage is included in the main text, with the alternative version(s) footnoted. Both primary and secondary sources of each Book are documented, and the source of alternative versions are always specified in the footnotes.

      Compare this process to, say, the Jehova's Witness translation: undertaken by one man, who was neither a linguist nor a biblical scholar. His version is radically different from the NIV--much more so than the differences between the NIV and other "scholarly" translations.

      The methodology of the translation work can be evaluated and validated independently of the actual content being translated. There is an actual science to translation, and it can be applied just as well to the Bible as any other work, with equally valid results.

      --

      Any sufficiently well-organized community is indistinguishable from Government.

    32. Re:Just a question about translations... by noewun · · Score: 1
      Your assertion that

      KJV was translated when the English language was at its zenith

      is just silly. English has had no zenith: it is in a constant process of development and change.

      --
      I am a believer of momentum and curves.
    33. Re:Just a question about translations... by Webb21 · · Score: 0
      I took the hospital example as something off the cuff, as in, insert example here. I didn't realize you were referring to something specific. My point was, in Islam, there are rules in warfare. Any idiot with a chip on his soldier can't go out and start killing.

      According to the tradition, one of the fastest people to go to the hellfire will be the soldier who fights to be brave, but says he is doing it for Allah. Hypocrisy only lasts in this world (that is, the hypocrisy of these so called "martyrs").

      --
      "A good compromise leaves everyone mad." -Calvin
    34. Re:Just a question about translations... by young-earth · · Score: 1

      Of course most scholars can be paid to say the TR is corrupt; they are paid by people like Zondervan and other publishing houses that have copyrighted translations that they make a mint from. You have to be aware of the profit motive here, it is not trivial.

      That said, the scholarly defense of the TR and KJV is from people like Dean Burgon, D.A. Waite, D.H. Sorenson, D.A. Cloud, and others.

      The most useful book I've found is here, though others are more rigorous and detailed, particularly Dr. Waite's works.

      As for the English Language, having "ye" vs. "thee" is sufficiently basic a point that I'll leave the elucidation for the reader.

      You have some questions about Sinaiticus and Vaticanus. Their names are also given as Aleph and B, respectively. Vaticanus omits 2877 words in the gospels alone. Both Aleph and B omit most of Matthew 16:2 and all of 16:3. Aleph omits 3455 words - I could go on, but the point of their differences even between each other is pretty significant. See Dean Burgon's works if you are interested in vast detail on the topic.

      Vaticanus completely omits Revelation. Sinaiticus has 140,000 in Revelation 7:4 and 141,000 in 14:3; the TR correctly has both as 144,000.

      Aleph includes occult books as well, such as the shepherd of Hermas and the epistle of Barnabas. Both include the apocryphal books as well, obviously, since they're Catholic manuscripts.

      Also note that the "missing" verses of Mark 16:9-20 had space left in both those manuscripts for them; see Aleph and B. Like someone removed them...

      ALso missing from B are most of Genesis, Hebrews 9:14 to the end, all the Pastoral epistles, and as mentioned, Revelation.

      Now did you want to discuss abiogenesis next?

    35. Re:Just a question about translations... by noewun · · Score: 1
      Nope.

      The Koran was written in the Arabic of the Fifth Century BCE, which is considerably different from the written and spoken Arabic of today. Furthermore, the Koran is written in a highly poetic, highly eliptical form of that Arabic, making it difficult to understand for the average Arabic speaker.

      --
      I am a believer of momentum and curves.
    36. Re:Just a question about translations... by operagost · · Score: 1
      It did use the oldest complete MSS. Unfortunately, those were the Sinaiticus (which was full of corrections and destined for a monastery trash heap) and the Vaticanus. They are very complete, and quite old (4th century), but just because they are the oldest does not mean they are the most accurate. All in all, they don't have theological errors, but the sloppiness of their Latin translations and exclusion of passages that are in most other MSS have led to far too much time wasted in dogmatics and opened up enough questions for a bus full of cultists to drive through.

      Hopefully, we can continue to find older MSS (even fragments) that will prove that the majority text is the way to go.

      --

      Gamingmuseum.com: Give your 3D accelerator a rest.
    37. Re:Just a question about translations... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is a misunderstanding of what exegesis and hermeneutics mean, I'm afraid. Most definitions of hermeneutics and exegesis have an enormous overlap. I'd suggest recourse to a serious introduction to textual criticism.

    38. Re:Just a question about translations... by operagost · · Score: 1

      Sinaiticus and vaticanus are also missing pages. Sinaiticus is missing quite a few- mostly because it was in the trash to be used for burning.

      --

      Gamingmuseum.com: Give your 3D accelerator a rest.
    39. Re:Just a question about translations... by operagost · · Score: 1

      Someone needs to invent an English translation for the French word "liberte". I'm tired of the phrase "free as in speech".

      --

      Gamingmuseum.com: Give your 3D accelerator a rest.
    40. Re:Just a question about translations... by canicus · · Score: 1

      You failed to answer all but two of my questions regarding Aleph and B (that is the one you answered), so I will repost them. Again, if you criticize them, I would think that an honest man would know these details.

      1). What is their reading of Matthew 15:1?

      2). What type of manuscripts are they?

      3). What are they written on?

      4). Where do they disagree the sharpest? This refers to disagreement between each other, if it was unclear before.

      I will now reiterate my other questions.

      Why should I accept a Bible translated, for the purpose to control religion in England (the "Authorized Version") commissioned by a king who murdered previous translators? I do not really think that such a source is very reliable.

      You did not critique my translation of the first verses of John 1 with grammars and lexicons. Here it is again: "In the beginning was the Expressed Reason, and the Expressed Reason existed in relation to God, and the Expressed Reason was what God was. The same existed in relation to God. All things came to be by him, and without him, there came to be not one thing which came to be. There was life in him, and the life was the light of men. The light is shining in the darkness, and the darkness did not recieve it." Please criticize this with grammars and good lexicons.

      Was the KJV copyrighted at one time? What does that do to your claim on the KJV and copyright. If the above translation is accurate and unique, and to the best of my knowledge, it is both, then I could copyright it. So, since all translations are unique, and since the KJV was once copyrighted, what part of your previous copyright point remains? Let's not slander Zondervan on the point of copyright, because if there is a profit motive in modern translations (and it is hard to deny), there was a power-grabbing motive in the KJV by a murderer. Which is worse? The man who wants a few bucks and hires translators and leaves others be, or the man who commissions a translation for his political power and murders the other translators. Personally, I think we shouldn't forget the political motive on the KJV.

      Another question you ignored was how you manage to know how a language is in its zenith, as you asserted English was at the time of the KJV. How do you measure this? I know the difference between "ye" and "thee," but there are surely more differences between now and then. English now has over a million words available to it. We can translate and write more precisely than they did at that time. I would think this outweighs the loss of two words which were not even in vogue at that time. Are there other variables that you can cite which demonstrate this, because if the contrast of those two words is your sole argument there, I'm afraid you are sorely lacking.

      Which TR are you comparing words from Sinaiticus and Vaticanus to, as there are multiple TR's, and they all differ? What makes you think the TR did not add them? Personally, I lean towards the latter. How do you determine the proper reading?

      I will leave the "occult books" and ending of St. Mark for a second reply, which will beg for more evidence for other outlandish assertions.

    41. Re:Just a question about translations... by canicus · · Score: 1

      I didn't know that the scholars were being payed to down the TR. Here I got my degree from them, watched them drive small beat-up cars, and live in small houses, while they were really being bribed to hide away the truth. Could you post a check stub? It seems too incredible for me to believe. Of course, I guess paying them peanuts is enough to keep the truth down. It's funny how that works.

      You call the Epistle of Barnabas and the Shephard of Hermas occult books? Have you ever read these? I will give you some quotes from these occult books, and you tell me how occult they are.

      "Similarly he once again gives an explanation about the cross in another prophet who says: `And when shall these things be accomplished? The Lord says: ``When a tree falls over and rises again, and when blood drips from a tree.'' ' Once again, you have a reference to the cross and about him who was destined to be crucified." (Barn. 12:1-2) I see nothing occult here, but then, maybe you consider 4 Ezra occult. Personally, I think this passage sounds very Christian.

      How about his greeting? "Greetings, sons and daughters, in the name of the Lord who has loved us, in peace. Seeing that God's righteous acts twoard you are so great and rich, I rejoice with an unbounded and overflowing joy over your blessed and glorious spirits; so deeply implanted is the grace of the spiritual gift that you have recieved!" (Barn 1:1-2). Again, I see nothing occult here. Maybe I'm missing the occult aspects of these books. Would you point them out to me?

      "And may God, who rules over the whole world, give you wisdom, insight, understanding, knowledge of his commandments, and patience. Be instructed by God, seeking out what the Lord seeks from you, and then do it, in order that you may be found in the day of judgment." (Barn 21.5-6) Wow, that seems pretty Christian to me. I may be confused, though, is this your opinion of the occult? It certainly doesn't fit mine. Of course, I may have been seduced by the lies of the Early Church rather than the "truth" being taught by you KJV guys.

      "`God planted the vineyard, that is, he created the people, and turned them over to his Son. And the Son placed the angels over them to protect them, and the Son himself cleansed their sins with great labor and enduring much toil,'" (Herm 59:2). The Shephard of Hermas seems pretty Christian also. Maybe I'm just a poor reader, not having been introduced into some secret gnosis.

      "the name of the Son of God is great and incomprehensible, and sustains the whole world. If, therefore, all creation is sustained by the Son of God, what do you think of those who are called by him and bear the name of the Son of God and walk in his commandments? Do you see, then, what kind of people he sustains? Those who bear his ame with their whole heart. So he himself has become their foundation and gladly sustains them because they are not ashamed to bear his name." (Herm. 91:5-6). Hmmm, is reliance on Christ Christian?

      "Mend your wys, therefore, while the tower is still being built. The Lord lives among people who love peace, for peace is truly dear to him, but he keeps his distance from the quarrelsome and those destroyed by wickedness. So return, therefore, your spirit to him whole, just as you recieved it." (Herm. 109:1-2). Wow, an admonition to a good life is occult.

      Incredible. I didn't know such literature was occult. Have you ever bothered to read them? You might find that everything you have been taught is wrong. This is the kind of nonsense that I usually hear from KJV-Onlyists, condemning these types of books, just for a quick "up" on their translation. In the process of doing this, you give every more calm, rational person a bad name, just because they do not subscribe to a wild conspiracy theory.

      You want to discuss abiogenesis? I would rather not, since it is off-topic for this, but if you can give real, honest, evidence for your KJV-Only position, I will with pleasure, as I will claim evolut

    42. Re:Just a question about translations... by canicus · · Score: 1

      The last paragraph was cut-off. It read that I want real sources. KJV sources are either uninformed or authored by out and out liars, maybe both. Either way, their word constitutes evidence to me no more than does the word of the Watchtower magazine.

    43. Re:Just a question about translations... by young-earth · · Score: 1

      What gives you the standing to determine these issues? You write as if you believe you have great authority yet you don't provide the documentation of it. You assert that "an honest man would know these details". That's your opinion, nothing more. There are many honest men who would not know these details, your accusations notwithstanding.

      You ask for a critique of a translation you provided; other than the fact that it sounds suspiciously similar to the Watchtower version, no merit is apparent in it.

      Aleph and B are uncials (aka majuscule); that likely means little to anyone reading this thread, so why do you care if I know what they are? Uncial, for those who are perusing, comes from the Latin word uncialis meaning "inch-high", and refers to a style of Greek and Latin writing done in all capital letters, with little if any inter-word spacing or punctuation.

      As for the inks used, do you mean when originally written or when corrections/alterations were made at various times? Please be more specific if you're going to ask really nit-picky questions. (Note to perusers: think "African or European").

      Where do they disagree the most? Well as mentioned before, missing all the pastoral epistles and Revelation is a pretty strong point of disagreement, what could be stronger than omission?

      Matthew 15:1 is a string of characters that the lameness filter prevents posting. Don't blame me for not putting the greek up here, /. is not aiming to be somewhere that Greek can be posted. Why are you hammering at that verse anyway, when there are 162 verses in Aleph and B which are either partially or completely missing?

      You assert that the KJV had a strong political bias behind it; I'd rather accept a bible from the background you claim than one based on manuscripts kept by the organization that is drunk with the blood of Christians, the RCC. If you don't know what that refers to, check out the history of Beziers or the Hussites some time.

    44. Re:Just a question about translations... by ars · · Score: 1

      What are you saying exactly? The oldest source for the Bible is the original Hebrew - which I learn directly, no translation at all. In fact any Hebrew speaker would be able to read the Bible in the original with very little problem.

      The Hebrew spoken in Israel is the Hebrew of the Mishnah, which is very very similar to the Hebrew of the Bible (which is called Lashon Hakodesh - which means holy language). The few differences I can think of are numbers are written in reverse order (still in base ten with an implied zero) - eg: five and thirty and two hundred years, instead of two hundred and thirty and five years. Some words are different eg: the color yellow is "Yarok" but in modern Hebrew "Yarok" means green. But the word is still a color. And maybe some others words that are not used in spoken Hebrew.

      The first translation of the Bible was into Aramaic, and from that we (and by we I mean people who lived 1000 years ago, since the meanings of all the words are tought in school today) know the meaning of any unknown word. The only words that are still unclear are the names of gems, and birds, where there are a few different opinion of which gem/bird specifically is being refered to.

      Any translation of the Bible done by a Jew would be directly from the original - in fact the King James and others are so inaccurate so no Jew would dream of reading from them. The best version I have found is called The Living Torah.

      --
      -Ariel
    45. Re:Just a question about translations... by young-earth · · Score: 1
      If you have read the Shepherd of Hermas and consider it orthodox, then clearly you are so far from reality that this discussion is pointless. Hermas teaches a dualistic, gnostic, Taoist point of view (matter is evil, spirit is good). It teaches that a man desiring his wife is sinful. It teaches that a man must divorce his wife if she is unfaithful; Jesus teaches the opposite.

      As for Barnabas, it is clearly antisemitic. It also teaches "thou shalt work with thy hands for a ransom for thy sins [Ch. 19]". That is works salvation, clearly taught against throughout the NT (see Romans, Ephesians 2:8-9, etc.).

      If you want evidence of their occultic bent, consider that HP Blavatsky considered these two books to be vehicles of Luciferian doctrine and the occult. From "Isis Unveiled", Vol. 2, p. 243:
      passages from the work of The Pastor of Hermas, which are complete sentences from kabalistic literature. ... [N]early everything expressed by the pseudo-Hermas ... is a plain quotation, with repeated variations, from the Sohar and other kabalistic books. ... not only purely kabalistic without even so much as a change in expression, but Brahmanical and Pagan


      As with most older works, the heavy-duty KJV defense is not postable, as it is many volumes and has never been put into electronic form. However one quick summary, given at a recent Dean Burgon Society meeting, is available. More is available here about Dean Burgon. But if you think Hermas and Barnabas are edifying, then I fear you are a lot further away than just which manuscript family to follow.
    46. Re:Just a question about translations... by canicus · · Score: 1

      Why do I ask you to back up your sources and say that an honest man would know those details? You are speaking on textual criticism, a matter arcane to most men. An honest man would not post on a matter that he does not know about. I am not convinced that you have read these documents, and if you are honest, you will know these details.

      Why do I ask about the type of manuscript it is? That is a detail used in classification of manuscripts isn't it? Why do I ask about the inks used? That helps to date it, and trace revisions, does it not? Are these unreasonable things for you to explain with your detailed knowledge of these manuscripts? I should think so.

      Why do I ask you to explain the reading of Mt. 15:1 in particular? It was a random selection. You see, if you are going to speak on these texts with such great authority to dethrone the opinions of so many scholars, then you should have examined the documents in question. I know precious few people who have been able to purchase scans of these manuscripts, and web pages are easily altered. I, therefore, ask you to post that reading to demonstrate you are actually reading the Greek text to know what you're talking about.

      Why do I speak as though I have authority (not great, but still informed)? I have completed a secondary education in biblical studies, the Greek language, and philosophy. I am familiar with the details on textual criticism and Greek. I should think that gives me the ability to speak on this matter, as a sysadmin would on a computer system. This does not make me a Bruce Metzger, but I am, at least, informed.

      I have made very few assertions (some about the DSS, which is easy, and some about the consensus of scholars), but which ones do you want documented? You document first, though, because I ask first. I desire books, and not ones written by KJV-Onlyists. Can you provide those? I can for mine.

      Your assertion that my translation is like the New World Translation of the Jehovah's Witnesses is ludicrous. It treats the words "logos" and "pros" significantly differently. The third clause of John 1:1 does not follow their translation. It seems that it is unlike their translation to me. I am giving up on you checking it with grammars and lexicons. If you had, you would have noted an error I *put* in there to see if you got it. I put an error in there for you to find, and in my first repost, I added another error by omitting a clause to boot. Every word but one I translated in a different manner from the KJV was a legitimate translation, but if you would have looked in a lexicon, even if you did not know much Greek, you would have noticed that I had mistranslated katalambano, which should be either "sieze" or "comprehend," but "receive" is far too weak for the strengthening kata in front of it. Of course, you don't know Greek, so you couldn't catch that. You didn't catch the omitted clause, "in the beginning," either. How can you speak on these issues when someone with even one year of study in the matter would have caught the error.

      On your comment on my "political" biases on the KJV. First, Sinaiticus was found in an Eastern Orthodox monestary, not a Roman Catholic one. Second, I know that the RCC martyred people, but so did the Protestants. Why should I reject a manuscript in the original language in favor of a translation commissioned by a man who was just as bloody. If he had lived as long as things like the Inquisition (add an "s" to be technical) and the Reformation combined, then he would be able to kill as many people. As it stands, burning translators and "heretics" alive, and locking them away gives him a pretty good start. You ask me to accept a translation, by a murderer, over an original text. If you are going to do that, at least be consistent and reject them both.

      I don't care about which manuscript family you follow. That's your business, but here, you are posting a bunch of bull, and well, as you pointed out most people on /. won't hav

    47. Re:Just a question about translations... by canicus · · Score: 1

      I do consider them orthodox, because I am in the process of becoming Orthodox (as in the Church). You may, thus, condemn me as a liar, heritic, and idiot, but I, at least, do not make volumnous comments about things I do not understand.

      Is Hermas Gnostic? Well, considering the book holds a high view of the material as something to cherish, then, no, it is not Gnostic. You should try again. "Keep this flesh of yours clean and undefiled, in order that the Spirit that lives in it may bear witness to it, and your flesh may be justified." (Herm. 60.1). It is interesting that this Gnostic book holds a material thing in high regard. I can post more, if you need.

      As for Barnabas being anti-semitic, aren't you aware that exact same accusation is leveled on the Gospels. They have many things which are considered anti-semitic. What will you do with them?

      I also don't care for your evaluation of works vs. salvation in Barnabas. That has no bearing on its being an occult book, which precipitated my quotes. It remains not being an occult book. I don't care if you like the book, or agree with it, but maybe, just maybe, you would sound better if you presented facts rather than unbased assertions. Check your sources and go get real ones. It might help.

      As for HBP, how does that prove it is occultic? Do you not believe occultists have used the Bible? Does that make it occult? I doubt you are a friend of Mormons, so does Mormon acceptance of the Bible as a vehicle for their teachings make it Mormon? I seriously doubt you will practice this standard universally, but rather, only where you like it.

      I have read many KJV-Only books. They are often volumnous. Unfortunately, they also contain as many lies and outright falsehoods as they do pages. I have New Age Bible Versions. Shall I document some in it?

      You may consider me what you may. I don't know you, and likely never will. If it's any consolation, I could always use as an argument that you are outside the Church, but that has no bearing on the discussion, and you wouldn't care, now would you?

      I doubt you will provide any documentation beyond a KJV-Onlyist book, though. It is an indefensable position. If you choose to hold it, hold it; don't site blatant falsehoods to support it.

    48. Re:Just a question about translations... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      An honest man would not post on a matter that he does not know about.
      I have completed a secondary education in biblical studies, the Greek language, and philosophy.
      Your approach to this thread is indeed something I would expect out of the ``philosophers'' of today. It's far easier to attack someone else's position than it is to take one yourself--a very relativist approach indeed.
    49. Re:Just a question about translations... by canicus · · Score: 1

      It's not so much simply attacking a position, but attacking his facts. Most of his "facts" are anything but. I don't care if he's a KJV-Onlyist. He can be if he wants, but he's not checked his sources and is repeating terrible information. It's almost akin to saying that a ten year-old computer can outpace today's.

      If you want my view, here it is in a nutshell. I use today's critical texts and adhere to the theories underlying it when I take up a divergant reading from what they say. I do not accuse the scholarly establishment of being on the take for Zondervan or other such nonsense. I prefer the more difficult reading, but favor a reading found in all four textual families. Shorter readings are preferred to the longer, etc. It's the standard faire in modern circles. I hope that is sufficient for you.

      No, I am not a relativist. I believe truth is absolute, and only our perceptions are relative. Hence I have no problem with his position, just his facts. I can know, for instance, that the Shephard of Hermas is not an occult book. That is an objective fact, once "occult" is defined. Whether I consider it a good book goes beyond that, and it is subjective. Likewise, it is an objective fact that the Dead Sea Scrolls do not back up the Masoretic Text in every point (Jeremiah is a prime example), but what I make of that is subjective. As a last example, it is an objective fact that most scholars call the Textus Receptus corrupt, and what I make of this is my business (e.g. his saying after that was pointed out that they were being bought out). He disagreed with all three of these objective facts, and cited almost the oppisite as an objective fact. This is not relativism, nor about his position, but what is objective; it just so happens that it all springs from his position, one that cannot be supported from facts at all.

    50. Re:Just a question about translations... by young-earth · · Score: 1

      Your claim that I have to possess an intimate knowledge of Koine Greek to comment and hold opinions on the quality of manuscripts is absurd. It's like claiming I need to understand dopant deposition in silicon wafers to comment on the usefullness and reliability of a chip. Or that I need to know how to implement code for regular expressions to have an opinion on programming in Perl. How is your Syriac? Do you allow yourself to form an opinion on the Peshitto manuscripts?

      Your position is one held by many scholars; basically "don't think, we'll do that for you". God did not make His word something that only scholars could rightly divide; all of us are called upon to do that. You ask for books written by people who do not agree with the TR's superiority that defend the TR's superiority. Man, that's nuts. That's like me asking you for books by evolutionists that defend six-day creation. You state you will not listen to those who hold an opinion contrary to yours, citing so far only the scholarship of Gail Riplinger.

      I'm surprised you haven't attacked her more yet, that's a typical tactic of many in the anti-KJV camp. But I gave you a number of sources of those with formal qualifications, yet you only point out one of Gail Riplinger's books. Okay, let's leave "New Age Bible Versions" alone. Let's ignore it. It's far from my favorite anyway. How about Dean Burgon's work? Have you read all of his works? How about Dr. Waite's, or Sorenson's?

      How about Abbo Martin? He's a Catholic textual critic who claims that Aleph and B were fabricated by Origen et al. (see Schaff's work for details).

      I never suggested accepting the KJV over the original; it seems you may be making assumptions that I'm a Ruckmanite. As I posted several times in this thread already, Ruckman is not reliable in my estimation.

      The similarity between your translation of John and the NWT is that both downplay the deity of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Not saying He is the Word is the way your translation did so; the NWT inserts a definite article. Hopefully we can at least agree that the NWT is badly corrupt, is that one point of agreement we can strike?

      You try to equate the mass slaughter by the RCC (did you check on Beziers yet?) with what King James did. Note that the Catholics tried hard to kill him, Bloody Mary didn't get that nickname from tomato sauce on her tiara either. The point here is not about the sins of one person or another; we're all pretty rotten sinners when it comes down to it. The point is about what are the best manuscripts, and are there any which have dangerous errors in them, errors which creep into the translations based on them. It doesn't take eight years of conjugating verbs to figure out that Acts 8:37 is missing. Removing it is very advantageous for those who hold to pedobaptism, and very embarassing if it's left in. Since the manuscripts in question were held by the Orthodox and RC churches, who do hold to pedobaptism, the issue is not moot. On the other hand the TR was published by a Catholic (Erasmus) yet it includes Acts 8:37. In legal terminology, this could be considered a statement against interest, and therefore would be given stronger consideration than something which agreed with his doctrine.

      Here's another point on topic: Jesus said in Matthew 4:4 "Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God. ". Every word. Yet the text the NIV is based on has 2866 less words in it than the TR; seems like there's a problem here. If you hold that Aleph and B are more accurate (to what? They disagree with each other so often!), then what about the deluded souls who for 1500 years had only the TR? Did God deny them His true word? Why did so many church fathers quote from the TR and not Aleph or B?

    51. Re:Just a question about translations... by young-earth · · Score: 1

      Since you hold to (as you mentioned in an above post to a side-thread) the concept of "shorter is more accurate" in textual criticism, you are clearly in the strongly anti-KJV camp. For those just reading along here, the oft-cited reasoning for that position (shorter is better) is that scribes would magnify the holiness of a position or doctrine, being so besotted by it that they would insert additional items favorable to their positions or doctrines. Thus the outcome of the critical scholar is reductionist manuscript all along the way.

      They also maintain that the oldest intact manuscript is clearly the best. Yet the refutation of that position is trivial; which book on your shelf is your favorite book, and which is one you couldn't wait to put down. A glance at the bookshelf shows the answer: the one that's heavily used is the favorite, and the gobbler is in pristine condition. Some years ago I had to buy a new copy of Lord of the Rings trilogy, I wore out the old one I had. Same with my copy of the Foundation trilogy.

      So which is more reliable, the manuscript that survives untouched for 1500 years because it's never been used? No, the one that never gets used is the one that everyone knows as being no good. This is simple reasoning, no scholarship required. A reliable, heavily used manuscript wears out; it's copied and that one is then heavily used. The gobbler, corrupt, wrong, bozo-bit-on manuscript is the one that lasts forever.

      Even the residents of the monastery at Mt. Sinai knew Aleph was worthless, they had it on a heap of items to be burned. They had lived with it for years, why is their opinion of it deemed irrelevant?

      About HPB, certainly her opinion is not pure truth, but you seem to have missed the point of my quotation of her. It's not that she considers those books to be useful in the occult, it's that she traces them directly to definitely occult origins. I think you'd have to agree that she's an authority on the occult, and when she points out the strong ties between her purely occult sources and something else, it is not easily ignored. Yet you seem to be doing so. Neither of us is (I assume) heavily into the occult, so we're not experts; we need to rely on those who are expert to learn about it. HPB is clearly expert, and her opinion is clear. And her conclusion that Hermas is based on documents she knows extremely well should not be taken lightly.

      You claim you make no comments about things you don't understand, but you have an absolutist rejection of the KJV position. Certainly you're welcome to your position. Yet you will only accept a defense of the KJV position if it is written by someone who disagrees with the position.

      Do I care that I'm outside the RC/Orthodox Church? Absolutely I care, I listen to what Jesus said: "Come out of her, my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues". I am thrilled not to be in either Church. I pray you will respond to that call some day as well.

    52. Re:Just a question about translations... by Teach · · Score: 1

      I'm just using the definitions out of Stuart and Fee. They admit, and I know, that the terms are often used in a broader sense, but to clarify discussion they restrict their meanings to the narrower senses I quoted above.

      Your point is valid, though. Mind you, I'm a computer science teacher, so I'm fairly self-taught in Biblical interpretation and I could be way off base....

      --
      Graham "Teach" Mitchell, computer science teacher, Leander HS
    53. Re:Just a question about translations... by canicus · · Score: 1

      Yes, I am in the camp that is strongly anti-kjv-onlyist camp. This is because the KJV-Onlyist camp seems dominated by people who seek to prove occult influences (your take on the books in the manuscripts in question), conspiracies(Zondervan pays scholars to deny the TR, or else they'd acknowledge it), and the like in everything modern translations (all examples are your assertions). I have never seen any quality scholarship in it.

      Scholarship does not equate to the position I have cited. There are Byzantine priority text advocates, those who wish to rely solely on internal evidence, and others. These use facts by others, and are generally reliable. KJV-Onlyists are not. If a KJV-Onlyist published a book without asserting wild occult crap, conspiracy theories, and far-out claims, they may be able to earn their place. To date, none have done so.

      The older manuscript is preferred to the younger because it is closer in time to the original. One can assert all he wants that it was put away for being corrupt, but that must be proven, as the preceding assumption is both logical and sound. Could it have been misplaced, used as a master copy for a while, not used after a standardization, or any number of other things? Why would it sit on a shelf if it was corrupt, not being used, instead of being destroyed? Such speculation, as a result, does not diminish the importance of its age. Sinaiticus and Vaticanus are the oldest manuscripts of the New Testament containing a large number of books, aren't they?

      The shorter reading is preferred, because it is presupposed that expanding the formula or accidently adding to it is more likely than overlooking it, and older manuscripts tend to have shorter readings (including the papyrus fragments), right? This, of course, bars such obvious things as homoioteleuton.

      These are principles which govern textual criticism today on both the Bible and secular material, and is supported by the vast majority of scholars (contrary to your first statement, and maybe they might be on the take like in your second argument, but i doubt it).

      No, I do not consider HBP an authority on occult history. I think she was a charismatic and intelligent woman, but also a little on the looney side and a tendancy to operate like a psychic hotline does today. Just because she has had great influence on those who followed her, does not mean that she actually knew anything on her subject (her Atlantis is nothing more than a greatly expanded version of Plato's account and is wholly ahistorical). The two books in question are rather obscure and esoteric, as most people have never read them; I could turn Xenophon into an occult writer for most people with just a few lies, since most people have no clue who he was.

    54. Re:Just a question about translations... by canicus · · Score: 1

      I do not hold opinions on the Peshitta, because I have no access to the text and do not know Syriac. For that, I rely solely on mainstream scholarship. Even on Sinaiticus and Vaticanus my knowledge is limited, since I have no access to scans, but I know enough of their variants and have encountered enough KJV-Onlyism to know the difference. Those are, after all, only two of the more important manuscripts.

      Commenting on an ancient manuscript is a lot different than knowing whether the chip in your computer functions correctly (and I am not an expert in computer technology, as you can see what I spend my time studying). However, how would an average user know that a chip is bad, even if things were going wrong on their computer? They would need greater knowledge than that just knowing how to turn it on and run a few programs. Likewise, how can you know what the quality of a manuscript is with poor sources, and when you cannot even read the language (much less do so even if you had access to a reliable copy of the manuscript).

      My position is not "don't think," for there are places where I have come to convictions on the text contrary to the dominant opinion, but rather, my position is educate yourself. If you do not know about a subject, take the word of those who do, and if you doubt them, learn how to approach the issue from those who do know (the techniques and skills should remain stable). Personally, I do not listen to an uneducated man on the subject of how my brain works biologically. That is the domain of a specialist.

      Why do I cite Ms. Riplinger above all others? Because her unreliability demonstrates amply what I've seen from the others, and your comment about being suprised that I have not really attacked her shows that you know that she lies in her book, and yet you also consider it a valid source. No, I do not have Sorenson's book you linked to, but I will quote from the summary to show why I doubt it: "Touch Not the Unclean Thing documents the apostasy, liberalism, and even the occult connected to the entire lineage of the Critical Text. (Please recall that it is the modern Critical Text which underlies most modern translations of the Bible including the NIV, the NASB, and a host of others.)" A simple scan of this shows that it is driven, not by scholarship, but purely by doctrine. In fact, its content sounds suspiciously like New Age Bible Versions.

      I apologize for assuming that you wanted the KJV over the original, so will you point me to where the KJV differs from the original text? Your arguments sound an awful lot like a KJV-Onlyists, but that last post indicates very strongly that you believe there are inaccuracies in it where it does not represent the underlying text.

      Actually, on "Expressed Reason," it does not downplay Christ's divinity. After all, that usage of the word equates it with the divine (the Eternal Logos) and the thrid clause affirms that the Word was what God was. Therefore, the translation does not do that (I woudl not emulate the NWT).

      Actually, if I recall correctly, it was you who tried to downplay the manuscripts by associating them with a church "drenched in the blood of the saints," as you put it. I simply used that same standard against you, and King James killed Protestants also. So, if I understand what you are saying, you mean that since Catholics were trying to kill him, it was OK for him to kill the translators, most of whom were Protestants. Since you mentioned Bloody Mary, does that same logic apply to how she grew up? I mean, her mother was locked in the Tower of London, and there had been bitter persecution of Catholics. I, thus, do equate the actions of James with those of the Middle Ages Catholic Church, for I see no reason not to.

      So, you believe the verse in Acts 8:47 should be included because it can agree with your doctrine (there's more than one way to read a verse, and some of those do not preclude the baptism of infants)? Isn't that just like rewriting the Bible, choosing the text that

    55. Re:Just a question about translations... by young-earth · · Score: 1

      You claim never to have seen quality scholarship in the TR camp. You keep slamming KJV-only; would you please clarify if you mean Peter Ruckman, Sam Gipp, D.A. Waite, or Dean Burgon? What do you mean by your term "KJV-ONLY"? Please be specific with a couple of examples; I know you don't care for Gail Riplinger, but could you please cite some of the other books you've read and found wanting?

      Your argument for older preferred to younger is one thing, but what about the fact that those who knew the most about Sinaiticus had it on the scrap heap to be burned? If it were anywhere near as valuable to them as it is to many modern scholars, then it would be in a place of greatest safekeeping instead. As for your question of why it would be kept if it were known to be inaccurate / corrupt / wrong / flawed, one possibility is that it is kept as an example of what problems can happen with to-rapid copying (words, verses, clauses are dropped in fast work). In fact if you ever did a drill of "hand copy this manuscript, you have 45 seconds, GO" I think you'd find that a lot of little things get dropped. It's at least as plausible a reason for less content in the Aleph and B etc. manuscripts than in the TR than deliberate insertion in the latter.

      Since Xenophon did record some conversations (Anabasis, e.g.) with Socrates on the topic of which gods to sacrifice to, so your suggestion of turning him into an occultic source is not much of a stretch. Or do you consider sacrifices to pagan gods to be not occultic? (An aside: google for "xenophon occult" and there are 692 hits.)

    56. Re:Just a question about translations... by young-earth · · Score: 1
      You say that
      Commenting on an ancient manuscript is a lot different than knowing whether the chip in your computer functions correctly (and I am not an expert in computer technology, as you can see what I spend my time studying). However, how would an average user know that a chip is bad, even if things were going wrong on their computer? They would need greater knowledge than that just knowing how to turn it on and run a few programs. Likewise, how can you know what the quality of a manuscript is with poor sources, and when you cannot even read the language (much less do so even if you had access to a reliable copy of the manuscript).
      Yet (I don't know if you recall this, here's a summary in case) when the Pentium had a floating point error in the chip, very few people knew about it, but it was harming a lot of work in a lot of fields. It caused errors that were undetected; figuring out there was a problem was done just by seeing what the results were. Only Intel's engineers could find the resultant chip-level problem, but anyone with a spreadsheet or even just the windows calculator program could find and prove the existence of the error. Analogously, we can detect errors in the manuscripts without having to see or possess the originals.

      For example, the word "fasting" in Matthew 17:20 and Mark 9:29. This key doctrinal point is absent in the NIV etc. (or footnoted and labelled as "not in the best manuscripts"). Since fasting is portrayed as increasing the power of our supplications, removing it would does remove a key doctrine.

      I was talking about Acts 8:37, not :47. And no I don't believe it should be there because it agrees with a doctrine I like; if the manuscripts I know are most accurate have a doctrine clearly taught that I don't like, then I had better change my opinion of the doctrine; God's word is infinitely more important than my desires to believe some particular point. I have revised my beliefs as He has shown me that I was wrong, and I'm mighty glad He did.

      The point I was making about "Expressed reason" is that other places in the NT refer to Jesus Christ as "the Word", and removing that parallelism reduces the impact of John 1. I did not mean to say you were a JW, and apologize if that came across that way.

      As for inaccuracies or places where the KJV does not agree with the source, a lot of that is judgment, examining a word in isolation can lead to some pretty weird translations. However to answer you, one place is the name "Cainan" in Genesis 5:9-14 and "Kenan" in 1 Chronicles 1:2.
    57. Re:Just a question about translations... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Unforutnately, we've also lost some things we used to have. For instance, we lost "thou" leaving us with only "you". Previously, English was like many European languages with a distinction between a thou which was a singular/personal "you" (like "tu" in French) and "you" which was strictly a plural/impersonal "you" (like "vous" in French).

      Did Greek have this?

    58. Re:Just a question about translations... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Y'all: plural form of you. IIRC, Greek has this.

    59. Re:Just a question about translations... by canicus · · Score: 1

      You're right. I do keep slamming the KJV-Only camp, and as to who I have read. I have read some of White, Gipp, and Ruckman, and James White isn't the most friendly to KJV-Onlyism. What I know about Burgon comes only from the books I have read which talk about him (briefly), as something of the fount of the KJV movement, and that he miscited authors, made specious arguments, and the like, and in the end, his book sat on the shelf and collected dust until later. I only own New Age Bible Versions, and why I still own it, I really cannot say. When I use the KJV-Only, I mean two classes of people, the first are those who argue that the KJV is a perfect translation, and other translations are somehow imperfect. The other, is the group (which TR advocates seem to gravitate towards), that the KJV is the standard for what is beneath in the original text. The TR, without these connections, is just another text put out by Erasmus, revised by Stephanus, and then Scrivener.

      As for the scrap heap theory, I have some skepticism about it. I have never read Tischendorf, and only find these arguments in KJV-Onlyists, or people whose arguments I can trace to KJV-Onlyism.

      Other arguments that seem to derive from them are the references to the "occult" books which were included, but that is false. Usually, I see them declaim modern scholars as corrupt or involved in a conspiracy (all it seems they want to do is to destroy the Bible, despite their stated purposes), so your first assertion that "it is widely known that the best Greek text is the `Textus Receptus,'" but when it was pointed out that the statement was false, you changed it to say they were on the take for Zondervan, well in-keeping with the style. The statement that "the only new translations that have been done were based on the Wescott and Hort manuscripts" is another common one, but alas, it is patently false (W&H did not include the story of the woman caught in adultry, for instance), and even if the assumption that this text was somehow corrupted were true, it would make little difference since modern versions are not based on it. Another one is that the Hebrew text, the Masoretic Text, on which the KJV was translated has been wholly vindicated by the DSS, but alas, while the Isaih scroll agrees almost entirely, Jeremiah and other books are not quite so amiable. To be fair, this is argued outside the KJV-Onlyists. The argument that translations had to be changed since they were copyrighted is another common argument, neglecting that the KJV was copyrighted. Lastly, the argument that the English language was at its zenith then is also commonly argued by them, and again, is another very poor argument.

      From the preceding, you would appear to be dependent on them in the extreme, and you do cite them as an authority. If a well has arsenic in it, then not only the people who recline at that well are poisened, but so are the people who take the water to another camp to drink. Just because you aren't a KJV-Onlyist does not exempt you from repeating the same poor research they have done if you use them readily. As another question, having cited so many errors, how can you or your sources be considered reliable? That first post I responded to had more falsehoods than truth. That is a very dangerous ratio to those of us who do not agree with you.

      These errors resulting from speed are classified and identified in modern scholarship. In condemning Sinaiticus and Vaticanus (and the other Alexandrian manuscripts no doubt), have you read works by men like Kurt Aland and Bruce Metzger, the two most prominent biblical textual critics of the 20th Century? Their materials explain the mechanisms to identify these occurances. It's not like speed is an unkown influence, and if Sinaiticus was being used that way, I would think it would have been worn out a long time ago, just as most teaching tools tend to get wear on them.

      Xenophon wrote history in a pagan culture. That does not make his works occult works, though he must interact

    60. Re:Just a question about translations... by canicus · · Score: 1

      Yes, I do remember the floating point number affair. There are two main points that I fault your analogy with. I would beg to differ with you that anyone could find the results, because not everyone understands it. What keeps the average user (these are not tech-savy) from thinking that it's in the OS or some other such thing, assuming of course they even recognize it. The average man simply would not have the knowledge to identify the problem; I don't know how many people I've helped who couldn't figure out why something wasn't working, and alas, all they had to do was check a single box, connect a phone line, plug in a keyboard, or some other such thing. So, IMO, not anyone could figure it out. It takes the proper training, whether self-taught or otherwise, to troubleshoot it well.

      The second is that in manuscripts, you are dealing with words. The only way to know a piece of literature is corrupted is to have some preconception of what the proper form is. One cannot deduce from evidences in translation that something is amiss. This is evidenced from your data about words missing, doctrines altered (all doctrines are, of course, present), and the like. For all you know, those 2866 words could have been added. Of course, wording it "removed," presumes the conclusion you are arguing for.

      Do you really think that the removal of fasting in that Matthean verse is sufficient to destroy the teaching of fasting, that it strengthens prayer? The two are mentioned togethor throughout the Bible, and the topic itself is often discussed. Eliminating one addition in two books does not eliminate a doctrine altogethor, as it can be found elsewhere.

      Yes, I mistyped Acts 8.37, much as you mistyped St. Matthew 17.21. It is a nice coincidence, nonetheless, though, and your argument was exactly that. Here it is, "Removing it is very adventageous for those who hold to pedobaptism, and very embarassing if it's left in. Since the manuscripts in question were held by the Orthodox and RC churches, who do hold to pedobaptism, the issue is not moot. On the other hand the TR was published by a Catholic (Erasmus) yet it includes Acts 8:37. In legal terminology, this could be considered a statement against interest, and therefore would be given a stronger consideration than something which agreed with his doctrine." The doctrinal point summarizes your whole argument in reverse: it was eliminated by the Orthodox and RCC because they believed in baptising infants (apparantly you do not know that we baptise adults who convert), and therefore, it speaks against them, so they eliminated it. Not only is a fundamental premise wrong, that it we and the RCC do not baptise adults who convert, but it also argues that we eliminated it because of how you interepret it (again, it causes no conflict for us, and is in our official Bible, if I am correct, though I do not have a copy). If you will kindly point out where I am in error in this, please do so.

      Ok, well then, you do not understand the point of "Expressed Reason," and I did not take you as saying that I was a JW, as you already know what I am. When Jesus is referred to as Logos, it means far more than Word, and "Expressed Reason," is not only a possible translation, but emphasises that Jesus is not a created thing (a word is created). It emphasises Logos' history in the Greek language, in which it was equated with the God who created everything (see the Greek philosophers). The translation, therefore, increases the impact of the verse and strengthens the references to Christ's deity.

      Your example is an example of a mistransation, not an error in the KJV's underlying text. One that, if you are not using the KJV as a guide as to what should be contained, is I John 5.7 (and yes, I have read "A History of the Johanine Comma..."). Do you consider that spurious and added, or is it a part?

    61. Re:Just a question about translations... by canicus · · Score: 1

      I need to clarify on the official Bible bit. I do not own a text, but was told our official Bible was similar to the KJV in many respects (omitting things like I Jn. 5.7), so that is a supposition, which may not be correct.

    62. Re:Just a question about translations... by young-earth · · Score: 1

      Actually something like the Pentium FP bug was understandable and provable by an assembly language capable person with access to a range of systems. That is a much larger set of people than those with access to the proprietary microcode of the Pentium, those who knew what went wrong to create the bug. Yes there were a lot of people who would not know, as you point out; but there is a significant sized group who would be able to figure out the problem in enough detail to get to the chip as the problem.

      Eliminating those verses about praying and fasting together required to drive out some demons is indeed major in my view, since without those verses it is not as clear that there are demonic issues which require fasting specifically to be dealt with (except of course by Jesus Himself).

      Your assumption about the baptism issue and my thoughts on it is a bit incorrect. I realize the RCC and Orthodox churches do indeed baptize converts, but the point to me is about whether a mature belief is required prior to baptism. Acts 8:37 shows that belief is a prerequisite to baptism, while the RCC (and I assume but don't personally know the Orthodox) church will baptize infants who clearly do not have a full understanding of the gospel and of surrendering their lives to Christ.

      I see your point about logos, and it's a good point. However the translation "Word" also adds something, in this case strengthening the tie between the Godhead and the Bible. I'd say we could agree to disagree comfortably on this point.

      As for 1 John 5:7, my personal opinion is that it belongs there. I have not researched that as deeply as I intend to in the future, so it's not something I can discuss in vast detail yet.

    63. Re:Just a question about translations... by young-earth · · Score: 1

      Seems part of the issue here is different meanings of KJV-Only. If we go with your definition, as in Gipp and Ruckman, then I'm firmly against it, as it promotes the nut-case idea of the KJV being superior to the original Greek. One major reason I think that's crazy is that it means God's complete word was unavailable for 1500+ years, and leads to bad things like people translation from the KJV into other languages. In my thoughts, any translation should start with the TR, not with the KJV. The KJV is a great translation, but it is a translation. The originals were inspired, not the translations. This is why I so strongly state my anti-Ruckmanite position, as you could see in a number of my posts in this thread (before we started). There are two distinct (at least) camps in the pro-KJV group. One is the Ruckmanites, the others are pretty much in agreement with what I just outlined. We have several Ruckman and Gipp books, and if we ever get a parakeet I think we'll line the bottom of the cage with pages from those books.

      I was not intending to and did not think I changed argument points from TR superiority to Zondervan profits. My point about Zondervan is that relying on them for why the TR is not as good as W&H is only wise if you keep in mind that they have a profit motive for one side of that discussion. In saying that most modern translations (Jay Green's aside) are based on W&H is simply labelling the W&H family as being the text family that the NIV, ASV, RSV, NRSV, NASB, NLT, etc. were translated from. Yes only the ASV was taken from W&H if you want to be extremely precise, but talking about version numbers of Nestle/Aland is a bit too obscure for slashdot. In fact I'm still amazed that I'm typing on /. about this topic anyway. Qmail vs. postfix is a much more likely debate here.

      In talking about the DSS Isaiah is indeed what I was referring to, and yes Jeremiah has different ordering and other differences. But again that was in my estimation a bit deeper than /. discussions warranted; your qualifications are, I would bet if I were a bettor, unique on /., and therefore making the detailed points for one person seemed a bit over the top. I admit I was probably in error in not being thorough, and apologize for summarizing in a dramatic fashion. I have read some Metzger, though I don't agree with him.

      If you are interested in the non-Ruckman KJV position at all, I suggest Waite or Burgon, their level of scholarship is something I think you could appreciate.

      About your quantity of matches for "occult" and "bible", things like Anton LaVey's "Satanic Bible" would get matches there, as would negative references. But your point is well taken, and thanks for the Tufts link, I just bookmarked it.

    64. Re:Just a question about translations... by canicus · · Score: 1

      On said verses involving demons and driving them out, what happens if that isn't the original reading? How do you know (other than what you believe) what is the correct reading? I also do not think this qualifies as a major doctrine (especially as much of it can be surmised from Scripture alone anyway). Also, that problem exists only in an extreme form of Sola Scriptura. For the rest of us, there is Tradition in the matter.

      I see how Acts 8.37 requires it for a convert, but it says absolutely nothing about infants. For us, we do not see your logic.

      In this post, we have crossed from textual criticism to doctrinal issues, and that, I am not comfortable debating in a forum dedicated to the review of books wherein they are not topics. If we pursue a doctrinal conversation, which I doubt we will, it would be wise to do so via another means.

    65. Re:Just a question about translations... by canicus · · Score: 1

      Actually, the people like Gipp and Ruckman fall only into the first of my two uses of the word. The second, those who use the KJV as a standard for determining the proper Greek text, can readily admit to problems in translation, and thus, are a seperate category. I call this KJV-Onlyist, for the simple reason that by using the KJV as the standard for determining the underlying text, they in turn perform the same anachronistic logic that the former group does. Both, to me, are KJV-Onlyists, and you have outlined the latter as "pro-KJV." The latter, and less extreme group, is the reason why I ask specifically for a place where the KJV's underlying text is in error.

      Personally, I wouldn't subject the bird to Ruckman and Gipp's papers. I mentioned Riplinger, because in another post I believe I remember you referencing her (not addressed to me).

      Your argument against Ruckman about the Word of God being hidden for "1500+ years" also cuts against the TR. It isn't much younger than the KJV. The Majority Text (by manuscript counting) has a similar problem, as the correct reading is in no single text but the whole. The Majority Text (by family counting) is still more exascerbated in this respect. The Alexandrian Text has it still more, as does today's Critical Text. If having "God's complete word" is the standard, none of these positions can help you in this respect, as they are either not available to all people, or there are no perfect examples, so every manuscript would be incomplete.

      It was the preceding problem, along with history, logic, and the like, which have led me to the Eastern Orthodox. I used to be a TR-advocating Baptist.

      When you say: "Of course most scholars can be paid to say the TR is corrupt; they are paid by people like Zondervan and other publishing houses that have copyrighted translations that they make a mint from. You have to be aware of the profit motive here, it is not trivial," you are in essence arguing that the reason that scholars say what they say, is because they are being paid off by Zondervan. Clearly the incentive in both parties is profit. However, most scholars are paid by universities, the critical texts are published and copyrighted by various Bible societies, translation efforts are then done by either a publishing house like Zondervan or another group. I don't think I can see the scholars altering the text to be paid by someone they may never even do business with. The truth of the matter, is that scholars who work on this are honest and believe what they are doing is true. The biggest accusation, of this sort, that can be leveled is the that they are liable to try and do something unique or memorable.

      Don't worry. I didn't expect it to last this long either. Personally, I use postfix, but I've never used qmail, and I use vi instead of emacs. These are points I know far less about, though; they are hobbies, where this kind of scholarship is serious.

      The problem with referring to the DSS the way you did, referencing Isaiah, is that it presents a picture that the whole does not. They challenge the MT more than they support it. If I tell you, "I killed a large bore with a hammer the other day," and omit that I hit it three times with a truck first, I am telling a different story than if I include it. Omitting the problems the DSS cause is pretty much the same exact thing.

      This brings up my point. I haven't read Burgon's books, but if you pull your arguments from the likes of the other KJV guys, and there are places as I noted where you certainly appear to, you will be vulnerable to the exact same problems they are.

      You should enjoy Perseus. It's put out by a university, and is a reliable site. Personally, I don't like reading a lengthy Greek or English text online, so I tend to avoid it for anything except the vocabulary lists for a new work or its online lexicons.

    66. Re:Just a question about translations... by ddimas · · Score: 1

      Ne pethaki mou. Ta Ellinika ta ehounai afta.

    67. Re:Just a question about translations... by young-earth · · Score: 1
      That proves it, we are different; I use qmail and emacs and am still a TR advocating independent Baptist. Oh I use vi for speed sometimes, but serious work is easiest for me in emacs.

      I will agree my statements were sweeping generalizations about the DSS, but fairness dictates pointing out your statement
      most KJV proponents also don't know history, science, or any number of other things. If you aren't just another ignorant fundamentalist, please, by all means, answer at least *some* of these questions
      Which does seem to engage in sweeping generalizations as well.

      I don't believe I used Riplinger as a reference point in our discussions or indeed in this thread at all. I tend not to use her (I've read her, true) since I find her book to be extremely poorly edited and more than a tad sensationalist. Her "the symbol for the NKJV is 666" seems to be like the folks who manage to force 666 into any number of odd places, which to me seems a bit like tinfoil hat time. I do think there are some valid points in her book and in other books you don't agree with, but I don't consider any of them flawless. I did use some concepts that they summarize things with, but when communicating concepts in sound bites, I used oversimplifications to convey a point. However that is inaccurate, and I must agree with your points that doing so was an error on my part, which I do regret.

      Again in balance, your statements against the KJV position were also sound bite type responses, particularly since your reading in the subject has excluded the more reputable holders of those opinions.

      I don't like reading books online either, but I have a duplexer for my printer which makes it more possible to handle small to medium tomes.

      An offtopic question (you can always answer using my email) if you don't mind: coming from a TR/Baptist background, what led you to accept the oral tradition concept of Eastern Orthodox? And a second, what's the delta between the RCC and the EO on Marian doctrine?
    68. Re:Just a question about translations... by canicus · · Score: 1

      Ok, yeah, I admit my sweeping generalizations of KJV-Onlyism do not encompass every person, and since this is a big message board, I may have confused your post w/ another's. However, my main point is now addressed, being misinformation and whatnot.

      I will email you concerning those two things, both of which are difficult subjects, but I won't be doing that tonight. Tonight (usually Thursday, but tonight is speacial), I teach a fellow Homeric Greek and a few other things (he is converting to Linux or BSD {he hasn't decided} from Windows as well, so we have a convert to *NIX).

      Given the the seriousness of the thread, and its odd character for this site, while remaining on-topic, I must make fun of emacs :). You see, in the beginning, there was one holy text editor, ed, and it is the greatest of the Old Editors. However, truth came in the form of vi. It was incarnated in two modes, and never should the two mix, for the divine revelation of the Holy Editor was in two modes. However, there came others, later, who insisted that the divine editor must have one mode, and they fashioned for themselves an editor with one mode. This problem would have been small, and there would be one Holy Editor, as opposed to the pagan editors, had the Pope not fashioned another editor, and deepened the error, and even to some degree added "and the command" to the holy words (speaking in a lisp as he did so), "and editing is produced form the insertion." Thus, those who follow the Holy Editor split into two camps. While this occurred, vi was made to fit the needs of the people, but the tradition of editing remained the same, and so, came vi, nvi, vim, and the rest, who all live in harmony. Now, this Pope mantained his control over emacs, but then, one day, the xemacs gang posted their thesis on their needs and produced another emacs. Where vi, understanding that a text editor is a holy thing and to be a text editor, the error of emacs has expanded to allow anything into the mix which could even remotely look like editing (it plays Go, checks your mail, etc.). In the end, emacs and vi follow the path of Church history :).

      Sorry, I couldn't resist. I do understand emacs is a good editor (I have a copy on my box), but it's still a fun one to hammer on.

  6. 'Duh' is not the word. . . by AsleepAtTheKeyboard · · Score: 1

    Nowhere in the review does it say the Bible has its flaws. The flaws are in the book 'In The Beginning' which he is reviewing. . .

  7. Languages by borkus · · Score: 5, Interesting

    In university, I was an Enlgish major with a habit of studying other languages - specifically, French, Russian and Old Icelandic. Studying human languages, you quickly realize that there are many ways to express the same abstractions - a realization that has helped me as a programmer.

    Yeah, the review could have been better. I would have like to known more about some of the linguistic problems sovled on both books.

    1. Re:Languages by sanchny · · Score: 2, Funny
      In university, I was an Enlgish major with a habit of studying other languages - specifically, French, Russian and Old Icelandic. Studying human languages, you quickly realize that there are many ways to express the same abstractions
      But how do you express irony in other languages?
    2. Re:Languages by mijok · · Score: 1

      I couldn't agree more - languages are very fascinating. There are so many things that can be expressed with all languages but the way you do it can be very different - syntax and semantics, just like programming languages. I'm lucky enough to be bilingual in two very different languages - Finnish and Swedish (Finnish parents, grew up in Sweden). Having two so different native languages is very beneficial when studying foreign languages - already as a child I noticed that it was much easier for me than my classmates to feel that a completely different way of expressing something is natural in another language. In my specific case, the concepts of prepositions and cases - Swedish has more than 80 prepositions whilst Finnish has none, instead it has 15 cases. So what requires 5-6 words in Swedish can be said with one in Finnish - quite a difference but when that feels natural, nothing in other languages seems unnatural either.

      --
      Karma. Moderation. Is my .sig good now?
  8. Religion by GillBates0 · · Score: 4, Interesting
    I've been having these troubling thoughts since a couple of years...approximately since the first Matrix was released.

    Not that I'm an atheist or anything, but I've been developing a feeling off late, that religion was introduced in ancient times as a deterrent against perceived immoral/harmful behavior. In the absence of effective law-enforcement agencies, the best way to encourage people to act peacefully/etc was to lay down a set of rules of "acceptable behaviour" and make it known that breach of the rules would result in punishment in the form of hell or alternately reward in the form of heaven.

    I think the world has developed enough now, that we no longer need religion as a deterrent. It serves more as a tool for discrimination/fanaticism, rather than what it was intended for.

    Not sure if there are other people who've thought along these lines...who knows, I may be the ONE :)
    *wears Matrix goggles and gets back to work*

    --
    An Indian-American Hindu committed to non-violent thought/speech/action alarmed by the global explosion of radical Islam
    1. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      I guess you've never heard, or heard but didn't understand, the phrase "God is dead"?

    2. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It so scares me whenever I see "The Matrix" and "thinking" in the same sentence.

    3. Re:Religion by lscotte · · Score: 2, Insightful
      religion was introduced in ancient times as a deterrent against perceived immoral/harmful behavior

      Yes, of course it was! It surprises me that so few people seem to realize this. The best way to get people to follow some set of societal laws is to scare them into not violating such laws. The threat of 'eternal damnation' and promise of 'eternal life' clearly comes from this.
      --
      This post is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.
    4. Re:Religion by Baron_Yam · · Score: 1

      There are some (don't ask me for URLs or references, cause it's just crap I read on a science news site... somewhere... sometime) who believe that the stories of Armageddon come from a time long before recorded history when the Middle East was struck by a heavy bombardment of small meteors.

      I believe the theory is that predispositions in our minds that evolved for other reasons latched on to this traumatic event and came up with religion.

      I tend to believe that we're wired by nature in such a way that we would have come up with the concept anyway, but it's a neat theory. The fact that the Church inevitably became an instrument of power to rival Kings is so totally unremarkable that I'm not going to remark on it!

    5. Re:Religion by acidtripp101 · · Score: 1

      actually, I went through (and still believe in) that method of thought. I did some research on religion shortly after, and what I found out is that many (I'm not willing to say all) western religions have a story about the beggining, and a set of strict guidelines. As was stated in your post, some people are now starting to believe that religion was an early form of morals-based 'government' (poor word choice... but the idea is still there).

      On the other hand, many eastern religions don't require absolute devotion to just 1 religion (ie Many Buddhists living in christian environments celebrate Christmas).

      If you've got the feeling that religion was established as a deterrent, check out some eastern religions (Taoism, Buddhism, etc.). My personal experience is that many (again... not all) tend to be geared towards more personal achievements/improvements than adhering to a set of strict rules.

      Even if you don't find anything you like, it's always a good idea to be worldly on these kinds of things (It always bugs me when people think buddhists worship buddha)

      --
      Not Free(as in beer). Free(as in "I'm free to beat you over the head for being a dumbass")
    6. Re:Religion by DaFlusha · · Score: 2, Insightful

      You're right, but you're only seeing one side of religion. There's this thing called "spirituality" as well. And although I think organized religion is a pretty dry source of spirituality, that's another reason for its existence. I don't think it's possible to retain a valid model for a complex concept like religion by reducing it to a single societal need.

    7. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, a not surprising, simplistic assessment of a complex, living social institution by someone seeking so support his own naive beliefs.

    8. Re:Religion by KillerHamster · · Score: 3, Interesting

      *prepares to be modded down by liberals*

      The problem with trying to analyze why religions were "made up" and what social purposes (deterrence, discrimination, thought control, etc.) they are used for is that it ignores the possibility that there actually is a God, and that which we call "religion" came to exist as a result of God's revelation of himself, not as a result of random guesses or evil conspiracies. Everyone wants to treat religion as merely an object of study, like politics or literature...but has it occurred to anyone that there may actually be truth to it? And if there is a God and an afterlife, and your life on earth determines where you will spend eternity, isn't this something you just might want to take seriously? I mean, eternity is an awfully long time, and a lake of fire doesn't sound like too much fun.

    9. Re:Religion by lovebyte · · Score: 1

      LOL. What you are saying here, is what many philosophers have been saying for about 200 years. Without the references to the Matrix, obviously.

      Not that I'm an atheist or anything
      Sounds like you think that being an atheist is a bad thing. It is not.

      --

      I'll do it for cheesy poofs.

    10. Re:Religion by bigfleet · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Be careful that you don't throw the baby out with the bathwater.

      Organized religion may been been instituted by chiefs to validate their rule (along with other things, like what you suggest), but to believe that what we say, think, or do has any bearing on whether there actually is some creator-being outside our system is misguided.

      You may find the way the methods of organized religion distasteful, their beliefs flawed, their system corrupt, but it does not mean that religion itself is an "invention" without merit.

    11. Re:Religion by Schezar · · Score: 1

      Heh..

      Eternity. So a finite crime begets infinite punishment? Doesn't sound fair to me.

      Personally, were I to die and find out that the christians were right, I'd join up with Lucifer in hell. I mean, I'm sure he'd take care of his own. Even if not, you have an eternity to get used to that lake of fire. Adapt: prove Darwin right ;^)

      --
      GeekNights!
      Late Night Radio for Geeks!
    12. Re:Religion by 0x0d0a · · Score: 1

      Neal Stephenson, for one...

      Christianity started going away in the Renaissance. Not much left of it by now.

    13. Re:Religion by JesterXXV · · Score: 3, Insightful
      ...but has it occurred to anyone that there may actually be truth to it?

      It occured to me for about 18 years. Then, suddenly, it occured to me that it might all be made up. And everything made much more sense that way.

      --
      Yo mama so fake, she failed the Turing Test.
    14. Re:Religion by plasticquart · · Score: 1
      GillBates0: "Not that I'm an atheist or anything..."

      Geez, thanks for making us sound as though we've got cooties or something.

    15. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      More sense, or just more convenient? Don't have to go to church anymore, can sleep in on Sundays, no more prayers before dinner, can sin all I want, etc.

    16. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think you're rephrasing Pascal's wager. It's not particularly convincing for me...

      Your post does bring up something else that I have thought of. What sense does it make to reward or punish for eternity based on what a person does during their short life on earth? I'm probably going to spend on the order of 100 years on this planet. 100 years is an insignificant amount of time compared to eternity. Look at the ratios:
      (1 second / 100 years) > (100 years / infinity)
      My point is that punishing me for the rest of my life based on what I do over the next second is less rediculous than sentencing me for an eternity based on what I do over the next century.

    17. Re:Religion by gilmour14 · · Score: 1

      The other reason religion was created was to explain the unexplainable. It gives people comfort to know that if something is unexplainable, its probably because the bible says so, or god made it that way or whatever. I think thats why religion is dying these days, because with the great advances in science, things are getting explained and people dont need that comfort.

    18. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think there are many Catholics in the world -and others(protestants, Anglicans etc). Don't be fooled by the separation - everyone works towards the common good.
      Try praying in earnest - without cynicism/doubt/societies trappings that make you feel cool/superior - clear your mind and your body and keep going. Its not like junk food - it may take a while or it may be instant. This whole process is really the regulation of your mind -sub-concious,unconcious,semi-concious, dream state in the way of light -enlightenment, eyes are the lamps of the soul etc etc. Also bear in mind that the Bible was written by ordinary humans, who were given extraordinary powers by Jesus Christ. People have misconceptions through tv/movies/bad leaders/societal pressure etc etc about Christianity. Talk about inner peace though(not the weird kind). There are also gifts that Christians get - there are many aspects to the religion - gifts of prophecy, healing, teaching(teaching that is God inspired), Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit, God are all separate energies that you can access and they work in specific ways. The only issue you may have is that its not like magic etc where you can cast a spell and it may work - it is up to God for it to work and for that you have to follow the rules!

    19. Re:Religion by JesterXXV · · Score: 1
      Oh, how quaint.

      You are not qualified to pass judgement on my philosophical choices, as you have no fucking clue who I am, what I believe, or why I believe what I believe.

      --
      Yo mama so fake, she failed the Turing Test.
    20. Re:Religion by Dictator+For+Life · · Score: 1
      Christianity started going away in the Renaissance. Not much left of it by now.

      More than one billion Christians all over the world beg to differ.

      --

      DFL

      Never send a human to do a machine's job.

    21. Re:Religion by Shamashmuddamiq · · Score: 1

      Usually these kinds of thoughts enter the mind as young teenagers begin to develop abstract thought. Of course, every person thinks it's original thought; that nobody else has such a novel idea.

      However, it's very easy to tell that your thoughts haven't been well-developed yet. There is no consideration for the evolution of ideas, nor have you done any research done on history or on the theories of societal religious development. Nor have you read works by any philosophers who have taken this idea many steps further.

      No offense. Just tone down the ego and do a little research.

      --
      ...just my 2 gil.
    22. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      religion was introduced in ancient times as a deterrent against perceived immoral/harmful behavior.

      Since some all powerful, all knowing (or at least significantly powerful, significantly knowing) entity would have been required to devise and implement such a scheme, I think you have just proven the existence of God !!!

    23. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Once again they come scrollin' back
      Scroll buttons get ill like a heart attack.


      Everybody! Everybody!

    24. Re:Religion by Kenrod · · Score: 1
      You are mostly right, I think. Religion wasn't "introduced", it grew out of a need to explain the unexplainable in nature. The sun, moon, stars, weather, cycle of life, animals, crops, dreams, etc. When man became smart enough to start pondering everything around him, he realized he had no explanation for the existence of anything.

      Man has always personified the things around him, so all of The Unexplained were given (or assumed to have) human qualities, like the ability to hear and communicate. Man wanted to have a good relationship with the powerful Unexplained (because the Unexplained scared them), so they drew up simple rules of behavior that everyone was expected to follow, to keep the Unexplained happy. The first religions always involved nature worship, and were not mono-theistic.


      It is only after this base of wide-spread nature worship was practiced by almost all people that leaders realized it could be used as a tool of control, because people feared the Gods, and looked to the leaders for...leadership.


      You are correct about Hell. The idea of a place of eternal torture and torment is made up (in Christianity pricipally by the Catholic church, other religions have their sources too) as a tool to control behavior. The Bible does not talk about Hell as a place of eternal torment. The word used is Gehenna, which was a trash dump outside of Jerusalem where refuse was burned. It is the judgement that is eternal, not the torment. This means that when the wicked are judged, they will be cast into Gehenna and burned into non-existence, and this non-existence will last forever. In other words, the righteous will exist forever with God while the wicked will "cease to be", becoming ex-parrots.

      --
      Good heavens Miss Sakamoto - you're beautiful!
    25. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      When I think about it.. I try to look at it this way:

      You are not just being punished for the act(s)/crime(s) you have comitted.

      You are being punished for *who you are*. Good or evil, moral or immoral. Basically, did you embrace evil or did you repent from it? At the end of your life that will show what type of person you were. Does that person deserve heaven or hell?

      Of course there are other aspects.. but in the context you set forth of "a finite crime begets infinite punishment".

    26. Re:Religion by CaffeineAddict2001 · · Score: 1

      There's a great Calvin and Hobbes strip where Calvin is sitting at the table with his parents for dinner and Calvin blurts out: "WHAT IF GOD IS A GIANT CHICKEN? I'LL TELL YOU WHAT: ETERNAL DAMNATION, THAT'S WHAT!" You seem to be in the Pascal's Wager mindset. "What have I got to lose by believing?" Right? Well, have you ever considered that believing in the wrong god is Blasphemy to the true god and could be punished worse than being an unbeleiver? Or try to think of it this way: You know you are alive now and can make a difference. You have a pretty good idea that you will die, yet there is no evidence to support the idea that you will ever live again. So, you can live your life prepairing for an afterlife that may never come OR you can take advantage of the life you know you have now. Your actions do have eternal consequences, but they are natural consequences from which there is no saviour.

    27. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You are being punished for *who you are*

      That is, of course, widely considered unfair -- in the US, it's unconstitutional (really!).

    28. Re: Religion by Black+Parrot · · Score: 2, Insightful


      > *prepares to be modded down by liberals*

      > The problem with trying to analyze why religions were "made up" and what social purposes (deterrence, discrimination, thought control, etc.) they are used for is that it ignores the possibility that there actually is a God, and that which we call "religion" came to exist as a result of God's revelation of himself, not as a result of random guesses or evil conspiracies.

      a) What have "liberals" got to do with any of this?

      b) You seem blithely unaware that there are thousands of religions out there, many making mutually exclusive claims. You've got to recognize that most of them are bogus. If you want yours to be treated differently you need to give people a reason for it.

      > Everyone wants to treat religion as merely an object of study, like politics or literature...but has it occurred to anyone that there may actually be truth to it? And if there is a God and an afterlife, and your life on earth determines where you will spend eternity, isn't this something you just might want to take seriously? I mean, eternity is an awfully long time, and a lake of fire doesn't sound like too much fun.

      Ah, Pascal's Wager rears its ugly head. Haven't you ever considered Homer's Counteroffer, which I'll take the liberty of misquoting from memory -

      What if we're going to the wrong church? We're just making Him madder and madder every Sunday!
      What if the real god just wants people to get on with their lives, and only punishes those who waste it on useless religious superstitions and ceremonies? Are you going to bet on that, too?

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    29. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Lemme guess, you turned 12 when the matrix came out. That's about when everybody else on the planet starts to come up with that theory.

    30. Re:Religion by Schezar · · Score: 1

      "You are being punished for *who you are*"

      But, in this case, didn't god make me who I am?

      I make a robot. I don't give it legs. I am angry when it can't walk. I punish my robot.

      Free will you say? Why bother with giving someone free will if you're going to punish them for following any but one specific, arbitrary, and somewhat ambiguous path?

      Or, what about the time before judeo-christianity? Were those people held to rules they didn't even know about?

      It all seems rather silly.

      Seems rather silly.

      --
      GeekNights!
      Late Night Radio for Geeks!
    31. Re:Religion by dswensen · · Score: 1

      I think the world has developed enough now, that we no longer need religion as a deterrent. It serves more as a tool for discrimination/fanaticism, rather than what it was intended for.

      I think you're partially right, but I find that a very narrow viewpoint. Organized religion can be used as deterrent to certain behavior, but that's not necessarily the sum total of its function. Many people get a lot of personal and spiritual fulfillment out of their religion. It lends meaning to their lives. Because the original intent might have been to codify behavior has little bearing on the end product -- after all, Kellogg's Corn Flakes were originally invented as a deterrent to masturbation, but that isn't why most people eat them today.

      It's inspiring that you have this much faith in humanity, but personally I'm comforted by the fact that some people consider themselves beholden to a divine power that will hold them accountable for their actions. It's hard for me to have a lot of optimism about human beings governing themselves morally "just because."

      Atrocities are perpetrated for secular causes as much as religious ones. It's easy to dismiss religion on the basis of its lowest manifestations, while ignoring all its highest. Do away with Christianity and you might do away with some of the pain in the world, but you also lose the Sistine Chapel, the Divine Comedy, and Monty Python's Life of Brian.

      Yes, religion can be, and often is, misused, but its potential misuse isn't interchangeable with its inherent value. Because you can stab someone in the eye with a ball-point pen doesn't mean we've evolved past the need for the written word.

    32. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You don't? M.M O'Hare had more cooties that RMS could ever hope for!

    33. Re:Religion by FroMan · · Score: 1

      Nah, he just doesn't want to get hit by a stray lightening bolt while God targets other atheists. :-)

      --
      Norris/Palin 2012
      Fact: We deserve leaders who can kick your ass and field dress your carcass.
    34. Re:Religion by Black+Parrot · · Score: 1


      > Your post does bring up something else that I have thought of. What sense does it make to reward or punish for eternity based on what a person does during their short life on earth? I'm probably going to spend on the order of 100 years on this planet. 100 years is an insignificant amount of time compared to eternity. Look at the ratios:
      (1 second / 100 years) > (100 years / infinity)
      My point is that punishing me for the rest of my life based on what I do over the next second is less rediculous than sentencing me for an eternity based on what I do over the next century.


      <stentorian_voice>You err in expecting all this crap to make sense, my son.</stentorian_voice>

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    35. Re:Religion by Knara · · Score: 1

      I believe he said Christianity not "Christians". I know a rather good number of people who claim to be Christians, but seem to be quite oblivious to what saying such a thing would entail.

    36. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well the problem is there also happens to be many religions, and not all of them even believe in a "hell". I for one have spent many years on the study of religion and have aquired enough knowledge and evidence to discount christianity. I will not argue the possible existance of a "god", but even if there where a god, that does not mean there is a hell. I have also traced back the origins of all various religions and their concepts, and thus know better to believe in such foolish concepts.

    37. Re:Religion by mrkurt · · Score: 1

      I think the world has developed enough now, that we no longer need religion as a deterrent. It serves more as a tool for discrimination/fanaticism, rather than what it was intended for.

      As one who is both unapologetically Christian and unapologetically free-thinking, it seems to me like our task is to develop our conception of God to catch up with the new picture of the world around us, instead of trying to make our world conform to the picture of God we find in the Bible or other sacred texts. I share your reservations about what religious conviction asks of people, in terms of exclusion and discrimination. For me, though, there can be no doubt about a higher power, but we must look to the mystics to give us an insight into something we will never completely know or understand, something beyond the anthropomorphic God.

      As for The Matrix movies, anybody with a brain can't help but note that Neo takes on the role of the Messiah or Anointed One. His ability not to "die" even when he is "shot" stretches the bounds of what we perceive to be normal human capacities.

      --
      Always look on the briight side of life! (whistle, whistle)
    38. Re:Religion by j0hnfr0g · · Score: 1

      breach of the rules would result in punishment in the form of hell or alternately reward in the form of heaven

      One thing that might be interesting to note is that the Bible does not teach that being good and trying to *not* break the rules will get you into heaven.

      The Bible *does* teach that everybody has broken the rules at least once, but something I find very interesting is that even if you stopped breaking the rules this would still not get you into heaven.

      I am not trying to bash you or your theory, and it may very well be true in some cases, but something that I think sets Christianity apart is that rule guidance has nothing to do with your entrance into heaven. Thus I have a hard time conceiving it as a crime deterrent method.

    39. Re:Religion by Dictator+For+Life · · Score: 1
      I believe he said Christianity not "Christians". I know a rather good number of people who claim to be Christians, but seem to be quite oblivious to what saying such a thing would entail.

      If he had said "Christendom" rather than "Christianity" there would be no argument here. Christendom as a civilization is dead, but Christianity is anything but dead.

      --

      DFL

      Never send a human to do a machine's job.

    40. Re:Religion by Planesdragon · · Score: 1

      Not that I'm an atheist or anything, but I've been developing a feeling off late, that religion was introduced in ancient times as a deterrent against perceived immoral/harmful behavior. In the absence of effective law-enforcement agencies, the best way to encourage people to act peacefully/etc was to lay down a set of rules of "acceptable behaviour" and make it known that breach of the rules would result in punishment in the form of hell or alternately reward in the form of heaven.

      Religion is not the truth.

      Religion is a tool to help you reach the truth. Well, not you personally, but the common masses. And, as you've noted, part of that truth is following the rules of acceptable behavior.

      I think the world has developed enough now, that we no longer need religion as a deterrent. It serves more as a tool for discrimination/fanaticism, rather than what it was intended for.

      Religion is not used today as a tool for mass restraint--though in some countriles it should be. (Especially where it's mis-used by dissidents and anarchists to advance their temporal cause, at the expense of spirital credibility--for example, I doubt Islam almost sloely because of the terrorists.)

      Religion's proper use is, like I said earlier, helping us find the truth. Not "a truth", not "a personaly truth", but "the truth." The major religions survive and conflict with each other because of their different statements of what the Truth is. Thankfully, most of them agree on "act nice and take care of the world" as part of the Truth, and they're all so different that we're all likely to know the truth once we die.

      Oh, and most of the things noted by religion as sin or immoral ARE harmful, to the individual or to the society for which the religion was created.

    41. Re:Religion by easter1916 · · Score: 1

      'God' is a crutch for fools.

    42. Re:Religion by easter1916 · · Score: 1

      I have considered that there might be a higher being, but found no evidence to support this theory. Do you have some?

    43. Re:Religion by eddy+the+lip · · Score: 1

      It's not so much dismissed (well, at least not by all) as considered less likely). I consider it far less likely, in the absence of proof, that there is a mystical, omiscient, omnipresent, all powerful being that favoured one small group of people out of all his creation with the secret of his existence than that religion evolved out of our (well known) desire for answers, story telling and fear of things that go bump in the night.

      If you accept this opinion, it's intellectually dishonest to accept God as fact simply out of fear of eternal reprisals. Any god that I'd want anything to do with would understand this.

      --

      This is the voice of World Control. I bring you Peace.

    44. Re:Religion by 0x0d0a · · Score: 1

      The sort of person that is considered a Christian now is generally (in the United States) someone who goes to church more for a feel-good theraputic effect. They won't go to too much trouble for Christianity. It's nothing like the influence of Christianity six hundred years ago. Few people are converting to Christianity, and a lot of people (every year, a good chunk of each new generation) are leave Christianity.

    45. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I make a robot. I don't give it legs. I am angry when it can't walk. I punish my robot.

      Yes, but did he try to walk or just give up and do his own thing. Everyone is a sinner, but did you try and repent or did you just give in to it.

      Free will you say? Why bother with giving someone free will if you're going to punish them for following any but one specific, arbitrary, and somewhat ambiguous path?


      Life is a test. You are given free will to choose your own fate. Punish you for not choosing His path? No you are punished for choosing sin.

      It does not take someone of religion to have some sort of semblence of right and wrong. Therefor even if you are not a believer, you may be able to understand the philosophy of rewarding the good and punishing the evil.

      Or, what about the time before judeo-christianity? Were those people held to rules they didn't even know about?

      Before Christ, yes the rules were different than what they are now. They did have the Ten Commandments for some time before Christ however. They also had biblical texts before Christ that were used as reference.

      I do not see anything silly about it at all. To me it is very logical.

    46. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Unfair? Seems fair to me.

      If you are a good person you are rewarded, if you are an evil person you are punished.

      Unlike US Courts, you can not escape Hell on a technicality.

    47. Re:Religion by noewun · · Score: 1
      that religion was introduced in ancient times as a deterrent against perceived immoral/harmful behavior

      Religion, or, more properly, a belief in the numinous, is one of the oldest and most enduring of human endeavors. The drawings in the caves at Lascaux, France (~35,000 BCE) are religious and numinous in meaning, and signs of religious belief can be found among our Neanderthal ancestors, which go back as far as ~150,000 years BCE.

      --
      I am a believer of momentum and curves.
    48. Re:Religion by taradfong · · Score: 1

      What makes you think Lucifer is going to be free in hell? The Bible tells us he is dying from Jesus' victory, and when the world ends he's done.

      --
      Does it hurt to hear them lying? Was this the only world you had?
    49. Re:Religion by MrResistor · · Score: 1

      *prepares to be modded down by liberals*

      Being a liberal myself, the only reason I would mod you down is because of this comment. Why? Because "liberal" does not mean "atheist".

      Jesus himself was a liberal. Think about that.

      --
      Under capitalism man exploits man. Under communism it's the other way around.
    50. Re:Religion by mdielmann · · Score: 1

      I absolutely agree. Lopping off hands for theft, and capital punishment for anything more serious (by most cultural standards) doesn't seem to work, so using what would, at the time of the religion's creation, be an implausible threat sounds like a great idea.

      By the way, do you still jump into your bed so the monsters can't get you?

      As for current trends, sure, who needs religion to control the masses when you have little gems like airport security measures, Homeland Security, and whatever TIA stands for today to do that instead?

      --
      Sure I'm paranoid, but am I paranoid enough?
    51. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      he wasn't passing judgment on you, asshole, just making a comment on his own beliefs.

    52. Re:Religion by taradfong · · Score: 1

      Contrary to popular belief, hell is not the place where people go if they failed to earn enough points on Earth. Compared to God, we suck, not just in our power but in our disobeyance of God.

      God (by definition) is the greatest being imaginable, and lives in the greatest place imaginable. In fact, it's beyond imagination.

      When you break God's laws, it bothers Him as much as it would if, say, I robbed your house. You may not see Him, but he certainly sees you. Now, how would a burglar reconcile with me? By giving my stuff back? That's nice, but I'd never want to see this guy again. I'd need to have proof that he'd changed, recognized what he did and would hate to do it again. And I'd need to make a personal relationship with him. This is more or less what we burlgars do with Jesus to reconcile with Him as to enter into heaven. Recognizing that His death was needed to pay our bill is the key.

      Now I believe this life exists to allow you the chance to respond to God in an authentic and loving way.

      How authentic would your respect and love be if He stood with you face to face? It'd be a letdown, ultimately just as it is when you're working a puzzle, and someone shows you the answer before you solve it. You've permanently lost your chance to prove you could do it.

      It makes sense to me, and hope it does to you, but honestly, God needs neither of us to be comfortable with our sense of fairness.

      --
      Does it hurt to hear them lying? Was this the only world you had?
    53. Re:Religion by cruachan · · Score: 1

      You're absolutly correct of course, but don't let this simplistic attitude blind you into dismissing all religious thought as beneath contempt.

      The intellectual life of your modern-day born-again tub-thumping evangelist of course on a par with Sesame Street and only fit for children and animals. Indeed most preachers you'll meet on a day to day basis are little better than the modern day equivalent of the semi-literate peasants who tended to the masses in the hovels across medieval Europe. Check out 'Creation Science' if you're in any doubt.

      However from the first to the 15th century some of the brightest minds in Christendom wrestled with the philosophy of religion. Their were professors in Paris discussing the implications of alien life hundreds of years before the renaissence. Indeed to this day the Vatican has it's own scientific advisors who are more than worth of respect (they made a mistake with Galileo and have no intention of repeating it :-).

      Incidently you're hardly the first to conclude this. For instance google around and find out why it makes ecological sense for not to cultivate pigs in the biblical middle east or for the population of india to keep, but not kill, cows.

    54. Re: Religion by bj8rn · · Score: 1
      What if we're going to the wrong church? We're just making Him madder and madder every Sunday?

      A man from Delhi once came to Sri Ramakrishna to complain: "The people in Delhi are praying to wooden statues of God! You must tell them the err of their ways, and destroy those statues!"
      Sri Ramakrishna said: "No. Do you think God is so stupid not to realize that they are actually praying to him?"

      ("The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna"; Rough quote lifted from Salinger ("Franny & Zooey").)

      --
      Hell is not other people; it is yourself. - Ludwig Wittgenstein
    55. Re: Religion by cruachan · · Score: 1

      Aye, which just goes to show how the Romans are (were?) are intellectual superiors in this matter. There's a tendancy among Xians, Muslims and other monotheists to look at the ascent of religious thought as a progression:

      Shamanism->Polytheism->Monotheism

      Trouble is monotheists by definition have something of a problem co-existing with other religions. Your Roman polytheists on the other hand used to march into a new territory, check out the local religion, then simply map over the local gods to their own - asking those on the bench to budge up a little if they found one that didn't fit. A very civilized approach to the whole thing.

      I wouldn't be the first to observer that in modern western liberal and diverse society, if you need to be religious at all you stand a much better chance of rubbing along with everyone else if your a polytheist as you can do the Roman thing on a personal level. Hence the attraction of the 'new age' pagan religions (currently growing faster in the west than any other belief system)

    56. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > Not that I'm an atheist or anything, but I've been developing a feeling off late, that religion was introduced in ancient times as a deterrent against perceived immoral/harmful behavior. In the absence of effective law-enforcement agencies,

      I get the impression that you are considering two alternatives:

      1) The church viewpoint: Religion is handed down by whatever god they claim to represent.

      2) It is all made up as a mechanism of social control.

      In my view they are both right, the only difference between my view and that of religious people is what the word 'god' represents.

      To the Japanese Horohito was a God until the allies made him renounce his claim (and some still believe he was/is). To the Chinese Chin was a God. To some Cambodians Pol Pot may have been regarded as a God.

      I have no doubt that there was a Jehovah, though actually this may be more a dynesty title rather than the name of an individual - like Bael (as in Bael Zebub). I also have no doubt that Moses met Jehovah and was granted dominion over an area of land in exchange for a commitment of loyalty and a set of rules. The only question is whether Johovah was natural (like Chin and Horohito) or supernatural.

      I see no reason to believe that he was any more than some war-lord or emperor that controlled a large area via an army of 'angels', and collected a form of taxes, sacrifices and offerings. Just like any leader his powers were elevated to being above that of his subjects, eventually his organizations agencies survived with buraucratic leader rather than a titular one.

    57. Re:Religion by jafosei · · Score: 1
      The problem with trying to analyze why religions were "made up" and what social purposes (deterrence, discrimination, thought control, etc.) they are used for is that it ignores the possibility that there actually is a God, and that which we call "religion" came to exist as a result of God's revelation of himself, not as a result of random guesses or evil conspiracies. Everyone wants to treat religion as merely an object of study, like politics or literature...but has it occurred to anyone that there may actually be truth to it? And if there is a God and an afterlife, and your life on earth determines where you will spend eternity, isn't this something you just might want to take seriously? I mean, eternity is an awfully long time, and a lake of fire doesn't sound like too much fun.

      It has occurred to some that there may be truth in it. But if there is truth to it, then some disturbing questions arise.

      For instance, the misinterpretation of God's word has caused a lot of death and suffering. There are, for instance, a large number of divergent views within Christianity itself, never mind the other major religions of the world. Even amongst people who believe there is a loving creator god and who want to serve him, there is conflict and violence.

      Yet God is supposed to be omnibenevolent, omniscient, and omnipotent. If He is all three of these things, why doesn't he make a clear and undeniable statement for those who wish to worship Him?

      Some claim that He has made a clear and undeniable statement, but that claim is clearly false. If it were true, there wouldn't be such disagreement. There would be clear evidence to which one could point.

      Even a moderately powerful deity should be able to make an obvious statement to the people of the world. It should be easy, and it would stop so much senseless violence. If a deity cared even moderately for its followers, it would have happened already.

    58. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Oh, great, Pascal's wager.

      You're an idiot, aren't you? Perhaps you should attempt to do some rudimentary *reading* before trolling? No, that would be too tough for the likes of you. Might make your brain do far too much work ...

      *prepares to be modded down by liberals*

      You *are* an idiot! I know many Christians who would be called "liberals", and they would never be dumb enough to invoke Pascal's wager.

      What are you, 14?

    59. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, atheism is OK. Importantly, though... SO IS spirituality. I guarantee you will never 'wake up' without looking into BOTH.

    60. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Uhh... but don't forget that there are religions which DON'T HAVE GODs. And ENCOURAGE QUESTIONING. And ENCOURAGE PERSONAL DECISIONS. Only dumb, western, institutionalised religions are... well... dumb, western, and institutionalised. ;)

    61. Re: Religion by bj8rn · · Score: 1
      I think it's also worth mentioning that none of those polytheistic religions have such strict rules - they don't have books listing exactly who all those gods are and what are they responsible for, and saying "that's it, all other so-called gods are imposters". It'd be quite impossible, too - just try to cover everything with a limited number of gods, you'll always be finding tasks that need a new one (of course you can have a god of "everything else", but it will only lead to another god of everything else; reminds me of Cantor and his cows...). It's much easier to have one deity do everything. Like when filling a jar with stones, you can always find room for more, but if you fill the jar with water, it's full at once. The Greek or Roman gods don't say things like "if you don't believe in me, you'll burn forever in the lake of fire". They don't need to - as they are god of some certain thing that exists. Not gods that just exist.

      Sure, monotheistic religions may have problems with all those others still being out there, but despite this, they still spread very fast, compared to the earlier ones. Why? What did they have to offer? I don't know, maybe it had to do with them unifying all those tribes and lands that previously had all had (at least to some extent) different gods, different languages (note that this didn't change much, though Latin was kinda what English is today).

      What you have today is a very diverse society. Even almost tribal. No wonder if monotheism doesn't work anymore, at least in the case of Christianity and all those different branches claiming that they are the real McCoy. It's not even the Roman thing, it's something much earlier. Something pre-polytheistic - everyone, or at least every village, has their own deity. "The others may have theirs, but this one is mine". (Then again, it may just be the start of a new cycle...)

      --
      Hell is not other people; it is yourself. - Ludwig Wittgenstein
    62. Re:Religion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's really quite simple. The world is more than 6000 years old and not flat.

      Of course, we also can't get two of every insect into a boat, let alone animals in general.

      The Bible is not correct historicaly, or scientificaly or even, moraly.

      The Baptists just agreed that the official position should be that women be relegated to Bilical roles, among other things, not allowed to handle finances...

      Come on, don't be so NICE. The Bible is BULL-SHIT. Really, it's not a flame, it's obvious.

      It's an interesting piece of work, like stuff Homer wrote, nothing more...

  9. Understatement? by Otter · · Score: 2, Insightful
    It can be argued that the King James Bible has had as large an effect on our language today as the work of Shakespeare.

    I'm no expert on this but that seems like a huge understatement -- Shakespeare invented a few words and turned an enormous number of common phrases, but the King James translation surely had an even larger impact on English, no?

    If only for being responsible for the inversion of "thee/thou/thy" from familiar to formal speech.

  10. Wow! You are the one. Now, just sue Neitsche, by typical+geek · · Score: 3, Funny

    Keirkegaard, Satre and Camus for IP infringement, at least for a start.

  11. Re:i think that this article is offtopic by MilesBehind · · Score: 0, Troll

    Ok, I don't know if I'm feeding the trolls here, it's mostly the misquoted sig that got me.

    It's "Would you like to see Britannia rule again, my friend? All you have to do is follow the worms." Mr fucking Phloydphreak.

    As for the other portion of this spiteful comment, it's news for nerds, and the nerds' interests are not limited to iPods, linux running on vibrators and mozilla 1.4.1 beta releases. So, if you no like, you no read. Simple!

  12. Should have used PGPP on the cartouches by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    I told pharaoh to use Pretty Good Pharaoh Privacy on those damn cartouches. France was just a mote in Isis's eye at the time, but even then I knew they would turn out to be nothing but troublemakers.

  13. King James Bible vs. Shakespeare by aclarke · · Score: 4, Interesting
    Comparing the impact of the Kings James Bible versus the entire works of Shakespeare is an interesting task, especially as the two men were contemporaries.

    One thing to note are the political motivations behind the translation of the King James Bible. This translation was mandated to be used in all Church of England services, IIRC. It was instrumental in helping King James wrest control of England from the Catholic church to the Church of England (controlled by the monarch, i.e. James himself). This gave the British monarchy significantly more power in their own country, as well as preventing such a large portion of the funds from being diverted to the Vatican.

    As a spiritual and literary work, the King James Bible has had an immense impact on western culture. It has also had a large impact on Great Britain, and, in turn, its many former colonies. Mute your sound beforehand, but there are some interesting articles about King James and the period here.

    1. Re:King James Bible vs. Shakespeare by nomadic · · Score: 1

      The KJ bible is THE cornerstone of English literature, a fact that faces opposition from both fundamentalist Christians ("consider it as literature? heresy!") and atheists ("something religious having any value? heresy!") alike.

    2. Re:King James Bible vs. Shakespeare by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      I read the bible once, it was ok. I like Tom Clancy better though.

  14. God's Secretaries by marklandm · · Score: 3, Informative

    I found the following book to be very interesting as it describs many of the people involved in the King James Version of the Bible in detail.

    _God's Secretaries : The Making of the King James Bible_

    by Adam Nicolson

    Unfortunately I haven't read the book the poster discusses so I cannot make a comparison.

  15. The History of the Bible by dodell · · Score: 5, Informative

    Well, I personally think its unfair to start the history of the bible at the time of the printing press. A Grand Funk Electric song captures this best - "You've got the English translation of the Roman translation of the Greek translation of the pure Babylonian". Indeed, the King James translation of the Bible is one of many English translations of the Bible. Starting one's Bible history from ca. 1450 (when the Bible first began being pressed) simply does not seem fair to me.

    The first translations were made ca. 200 BC, and was the "Septuagint" - from Hebrew to Greek translation (the Old Testament). It was not until ca. 400 AD that the Hebrew version of the Old Testament was translated into Latin; the New Testament was translated from Greek to Latin -- the Old Testament was re-translated. The manuscripts on which these translations were based are no longer present in the whole.

    In my opinion, there is a rich history to be told in the differences between translations of the Bible from original to later versions. Hell, one could back into European translations of the Bible and teach an entire story based upon the discrepancies of copies of the hand-written versions.

    There's a rich history to the translation of the Bible. Google for it.

    1. Re: The History of the Bible by Black+Parrot · · Score: 1


      > A Grand Funk Electric song captures this best - "You've got the English translation of the Roman translation of the Greek translation of the pure Babylonian".

      There's biblical scholars you can bank on!

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    2. Re:The History of the Bible by cruachan · · Score: 1

      Well yes, I agree about the history. But the King James bible is probably the most sublime composition of length in English we have and as such sort of deserves to be the uber-English-bible. Try comparing text from the earlier Wycliff bible which is leaden in comparison.

      And I'm a card-carrying atheist :-)

    3. Re:The History of the Bible by kimbly · · Score: 1

      Actually I think it's pretty reasonable to start the history at the time of the printing press, because until that time, the bible itself didn't really matter that much. The church hierarchy simply told the illiterate peasants what christianity was really all about, and the peasants didn't have any bible with which to check those claims. There was a lot of regional variation in what the official church doctrine was, because priests were free to fit the official church teachings into local traditions, to better accomodate their local community.

      Once the printing press was invented, you got the Protestant Revolution -- Luther claimed that christians didn't need the hierarchy to tell them how to act, all they had to do was read the bible. Once this happened, and people started actually reading the bible, you got hundreds of christian sects (because everybody read it slightly differently), and the church splintered.

      In order to counteract the Protestant Revolution, the church had to prove that it wasn't simply a corrupt beaurocracy, so it decided to fix up its doctrine to correspond better with the bible. And that's when the catholic church became conservative -- until that time, they basically had a monopoly on intellectual thought throughout Europe. All the new artistic movements, all the new literary movements, everything came from the Church.

      So considering that the bible wasn't really important until the printing press, it seems a natural place to start following its history.

  16. ok, so he misspelled tyndale... by airdrummer · · Score: 1

    "...previous translations all the way back to the partial translation of William Tynsdale published 90 years earlier..."

    but i consider that a mention;-)

  17. Re:/. merges with Kuro5hin by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Where would Kuro5hin get the $50 bucks to buy out VA's stock?

  18. Lesley and Roy Adkins in Utah? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    While these books may seem well researched and informative, it is important to note their main financial contributer while doing their research was the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints(Mormons). In fact, the publishers of these two books was founded in New York, but moved it's headquarters to Salt Lake City, Utah, and is majority owned by the Mormons.

    Why does all that matter? Conflict of interest. Remember, the mormons are the ones that claim their founder, Joseph Smith, translated a previously "hidden" "message from God" into english from ... Egyptian heiroglyphics. And while his translation has been completely debunked, millions of Mormons continue to believe. And the Mormon church wants nothing more than to trick more people. So they Have hired Lesley and Roy Adkins to slowly add credibility to their story of "enlightenment from God through their prophet".

    This is one of the wealthiest institutions in the world, and they are trying to legitimize their claims. In fact, Mormons have already invaded much of the U.S. political system and once in power, they will censor all other belief systems and, using their overseas propoganda army they will attempt to take over the world.

    If you buy into these books, you are buying in to the Mormon conspiracy.

    This public service announcement brought to you by ICBLF

    1. Re:Lesley and Roy Adkins in Utah? by mrkurt · · Score: 1

      If you bothered to check the HarperCollins page you linked to, you would see that they are actually owned by News Corp.-- yes, the right wing folks who also run Fox Broadcasting. They are not owned by the Mormon Church.

      Does this mean that SCO is a Mormon K-O-N-spiracy, too, because they are also headquartered in Utah? Not likely.

      --
      Always look on the briight side of life! (whistle, whistle)
  19. Actually.... by AriesGeek · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    If you listen to it, you hear "Would you like to see Britannia (us) rule again, my friend?" The "us" is sang by the backup vocals.

    Oh. And you're being spiteful as well.

    --
    Insert offensive troll-style sig here. Please mod or respond appropriately.
  20. Insightful? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Did we assign moderator status to a bunch of 3rd graders? If the parent poster has had an epiphany due to Matrix over the fact that there are strong similarities in Bible mandated behaviour and moral/ethical/civic behaviour, then I guess they finally stopped reading their comic books long enough to actually think about the real world for a second. Not to mention his conclusion (no longer need religion as a deterent) is about as ignorant as you get.

    1. Re:Insightful? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      True, the moderation here has always been, um, patchy. But if he has stopped reading comics to think about the real world, surely that's a good thing. Encouragement might be more appropriate than insults.

  21. Qu'ran mistranslation by scrotch · · Score: 4, Informative

    On a related note, people interested in these books may be interested in this story (via metafilter) about how the Qu'ran as it's known now may be a mistranslation of the original.

    1. Re:Qu'ran mistranslation by Mr.+Droopy+Drawers · · Score: 1

      Here's what I consider something of a review of anothers' research. MSNBC gave a brief overview of Luxenberg's forthcoming book (maybe out now?), his research, and examples of the revelations that be brings. Finally, an example of why such translation is important and what some of the research reveals.

      That's what I had hoped for in the review...

      --

      To Copy from One is Plagiarism; To Copy from Many is Research.

    2. Re:Qu'ran mistranslation by Timesprout · · Score: 1

      So is he saying that heaven is now full of blokes sick to death of dates and raisins and absolutely gagging for a woman ?

      --
      Do not try to read the dupe, thats impossible. Instead, only try to realize the truth
      What truth?
      There is no dupe
    3. Re:Qu'ran mistranslation by mrkurt · · Score: 1

      Interesting link. Just today, I have begun to look at the Qu'ran from a literary/historical angle, to find out more about Islam and the scripture that has so shaped much of the world. The work of the Jesus Seminar might interest campers who find the book on the KJV Bible to be interesting. Their book on the Five Gospels and The Complete Gospels (which includes the translation of the Five Gospels) provide an excellent look into the literary origins of the Gospels and a window into the nature of early Christianity. Finally, may I recommend the HarperCollins Study Bible for those who want an annotated, historical view of the Hebrew and Christian scriptures-- with a modern translation, too.

      --
      Always look on the briight side of life! (whistle, whistle)
  22. Regarding the Book on Hieroglyphics by dodell · · Score: 3, Informative

    There's also a rich history to the development of the Egyptian writing style of hieroglyphics throughout the entirety of the Egyptian era. Indeed, the Rosetta Stone, the key to the translation of the hieroglyphics was written using no less than three different scripts of hieroglyphics. More information about the Rosetta Stone is available here.

  23. Re:Religion - OT by Keighvin · · Score: 1

    To look at this from a point of secular evolution, exherting an influence over the masses was only one particular motivation; that it would maintain a power for few over that of the many. Even the un- or ill- educated wouldn't have thrown straight in with that lot, as it would be a voluntary loss of freedom - also, those in power would have little need to control the perceived morality of others unless it had a direct hold on the ability to control itself.

    The motivation originally was the other way round - to liberate the downtrodden with thoughts of an eventual better, even if not realized in this life. How else could one prevent from despairing in the worst of conditions (which were pretty bad way back when all survival was short and toilsom) than not to accept them as a final end? To endow the afterlife with possibility was to achieve sustaining hope.

    Eventually, yes, this hope began to be exploited through craftiness to maintain comforts by plying on the beliefs of others (though of course there were some genuine believers in it all). This is speaking to the rise of Western religions.

    That's looking at it secularly - I don't perceive religion myself to be any kind of self administered mental opiate for my placation, but how I genuinely feel the cosmos to be organized for the sake of its own existence.

    --
    Any spoon would be too big.
  24. Wrong by jbellis · · Score: 4, Informative

    KJV is not even a little 'responsible for the inversion of "thee/thou/thy."' It was using these in the familiar sense, which was the sense used in the greek original of the NT, and thus was REINFORCING the original connotation of these words rather than inverting it...

    http://www.straightdope.com/mailbag/m971211c.htm l

    http://www.linguistlist.org/~ask-ling/archive-mo st -recent/msg10071.html

    http://www.bartleby.com/61/66/Y0026600.html

    http://www.kencollins.com/why-05.htm

    1. Re:Wrong by Otter · · Score: 1
      Sorry, I was unclear -- let me try that again:

      The KJV authors chose to use the familiar "thee/thou/thy" instead of the more formal "you/your", a distinction that doesn't exist in the original Hebrew. Over time, as the familar sense died out in English, people began to associate it with its religious context and those words took on their current tone of formality.

      So the choice to use the familiar in the KJV is responsible for the later inversion of the familiar to the formal. Better?

  25. I'll read this review... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ... as long as the submitter doesn't give away the endings.

  26. Hebraic Roots Version Complete Bible by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

    http://www.nazarene.net/products.htm

    This page has other interesting stuff at well.
    Btw, in this bible the new Testament is translated from Aramaic and not from Greek(as in most other bibles)!

    1. Re:Hebraic Roots Version Complete Bible by Zooks! · · Score: 2, Insightful

      These guys must be try to pull one over on you because the New Testament was originally written greek.

      --

      --

      "I'm too old to use Emacs." -- Rod MacDonald

    2. Re:Hebraic Roots Version Complete Bible by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm studying this issue for a while, I wouldn't be so sure if I where you. This question is disputed by some scholars. NT originally in greek is the conventional wisdom, but it isn't necessaryly correct.

    3. Re:Hebraic Roots Version Complete Bible by Zooks! · · Score: 1

      The oral tradition clearly included Aramaic at some point :) and perhaps there may have even been some lost documents that were written in Aramaic (maybe Q?). However, all the surviving documents for the New Testament that we have at our disposal are all in Greek.

      Thus, if anybody is making transalations from Aramaic they are either working on Old Testament documents, they have discovered ancient Aramaic documents which they aren't sharing with the rest of the community (which isn't very nice), or they are charlatans.

      The other possibility is that they believe they can somehow reconstruct hypothetical original Aramaic texts from the Greek texts, and then back into English. While that might be an interesting exercise, it's probably not going to be horribly accurate.

      --

      --

      "I'm too old to use Emacs." -- Rod MacDonald

    4. Re:Hebraic Roots Version Complete Bible by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sorry, but you are wrong.
      There are old aramaic versions of the NT. One is the Peshitta NT and another is the Old Syriac NT. You will find information about those if you go to the site www.nazarene.net

    5. Re:Hebraic Roots Version Complete Bible by Zooks! · · Score: 1

      The Peshitta New Testament is from the late 400's. It is also a translation. The Old Syriac NT is placed sometime between the second and fourth centuries.

      May of Paul's letters were written by the 60's.
      Mark by 80.
      Matthew by 100.
      Luke by 130.
      John by 120.
      All are in Greek (AFAIK).

      --

      --

      "I'm too old to use Emacs." -- Rod MacDonald

    6. Re:Hebraic Roots Version Complete Bible by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And the greek manuscripts are also dated later than the second centuries. The originals have not been found till today, so how do you know which is the original language?

    7. Re:Hebraic Roots Version Complete Bible by Zooks! · · Score: 1

      1. The oldest Greek fragment is John from, I think 120. That's still earlier than the Old Syriac NT, which is probably from 300.

      2. In both the Greek and Syriac texts, phrases that Jesus spoke in Aramaic are translated (such as in Mark). If the Syriac or Greek versions were from some original written Aramaic source they wouldn't contain the translations (in the same spots!) since the hypothetical Aramaic text wouldn't have contained them!

      Even if the Syriac could be shown to be earlier than the Greek texts it doesn't really matter because Syriac is not the same as Aramaic. It is actually a language that is derived, much as Arabic, from Late Aramaic which is different than the Aramaic spoken in 1st century Palestine.

      In any case, even if a hypothetical original Aramaic text existed, we don't have it.

      However, while it may be doubtful that the _written_ documents were in Aramaic, I will conceed that the oral tradition that preceeded it must have initially been in Aramaic, if only because Jesus and the apostles spoke Aramaic.

      --

      --

      "I'm too old to use Emacs." -- Rod MacDonald

    8. Re:Hebraic Roots Version Complete Bible by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Geez... Anonymous Coward? Nah, just lazy enough not to sign up right now :-)

      Steve Caruso here (that fixes the anonymity),

      There is MUCH evidence that the NT was mostly composed in Aramaic rather than Greek.

      http://www.AramaicNT.org

      Shlomo,
      --
      Steve Caruso
      (a.k.a. "The Thadman")

      Webmaster & Author, AramaicNT.org
      (http://www.AramaicNT.org)

      Lead Programmer, eBethArke
      (http://www.BethMardutho.org/eBethArke/ )

      Assistant to the Livingston College Dean of First Year Students
      Rutgers University, NJ
      (http://livingston.Rutgers.edu)

      "The only thing that should be utterly liberal is cooking. To make a meal, you 'throw together whatever you can, because you can.' It's when this paradigm is applied to other things, --oh... such as government or sex-- that I cringe." - Steve-o

    9. Re:Hebraic Roots Version Complete Bible by ddimas · · Score: 1

      I doesn't matter. The only relavent versions are the Greek texts authorised by the Council of Nicea in 325 AD. All the earlier scripts were lost until the Dead Sea scrolls were found, and those have shown a phenomonal degree of agreement with the texts translated from Greek to the Aramaic. BTW since the NT texts were meant for wide Mark is known to have been wriiten in Aramaic and then translated to Greek, but it's the only one.

    10. Re:Hebraic Roots Version Complete Bible by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I hope you receive this by email, it's a rather old reply.

      Go to:
      http://www.nazarene.net/aramaic/index.htm?

      That is, if you are interested in joining the b-aramaic mail list. I have posted your comments to this list and got some good replies.

      Concerning the oldest fragment one of the answers I got was:

      "Our oldest copies of Esther are also Greek...

      Does that mean that the Greek of Esther is the original and the Hebrew is a translation?"

      Mail me if you are interested, my email is:

      roland@BUGnetquant.com.br (remove the bug for it to work)

      Hope to hear from you soon.

  27. The winner of the race to crack the code... by sanchny · · Score: 0, Offtopic
    ...the eventual winner of that race, the Frenchman Jean-Francois Champollion
    You ruined the ending!
  28. Re: Bad logic being used by binaryDigit · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Yes, of course it was! It surprises me that so few people seem to realize this.

    But you can't use the fact that it might make sense to use it this way as an argument for the FACT that that was it's intended purpose. That's like saying that super glue, because it is effective at bonding things together, was created to repair china. While it may be true that it is good for that, it is wrong (originally created to help close wounds in triage on the battle field). So just because your explanation fits, doesn't make it the correct explanation. (god I hope none of you guys are detectives).

  29. Re:i think that this article is offtopic by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Moderate me into oblivion

    Your wish is my command.

    This public service announcement brought to you by ICBLF

  30. Bible was translated??? Damnable LIES by Mr.Sharpy · · Score: 3, Funny

    Pfft...everybody knows the bible came down from heaven in Renaissance era English way back in the day. Imagine the trouble Moses had trying to explain the Ten Commandments without knowing what language they were in! Fortunately, God guided our language in such a way that we are today able to read it.

    The idea that the words of the bible changed to English from some heathen language is an evil LIE and work of the Devil! Everybody knows that Jesus was and his disciples were English speaking white men! Haven't you seen the movie! and TBN! They couldn't possibly be wrong!

  31. Religion and other, same old song by plemeljr · · Score: 3, Interesting

    You also have to look at history to gain understanding and context of why certain church events are placed where they were. Christmas was moved to the winter in order to combat a popular winter occult festival. Not only that, but remember that during the early formation of the Christian church, Rome was in the heydey of its power. The Jewish/Christian problems with self-image and body issues are a direct result of trying to turn away from "matters of the flesh" which Rome so famously embodied. But remember that religion has always been used as a dividing force: Christians in Venice rounded up Jews and placed them into a ghetto long before Hitler did this, and for many of the same reasons: fear of the other. I like to think that there is a divide: faith is from God/Deity/etc and good, while religion is a human construct that is more often than naught fsked up and twisted.

    I don't think this lessens my christian belief - it just adds context and deepens the reasons.

    --

    Please email all complaints to root@127.0.0.1 and the issue will be dealt with in due time.
  32. Shakespeare and the King James bible by stratjakt · · Score: 0, Redundant

    It can be argued that the King James Bible has had as large an effect on our language today as the work of Shakespeare.

    I had an english lit prof who argues that the King James edition of the Bible, or at least portions of it, were written by Shakespeare (he also believes Shakespeare was more than one guy).

    He cites simliar styles of prose, the fact that King James was Shakespeare's patron, and basically has a ton of research to back up his position.

    --
    I don't need no instructions to know how to rock!!!!
    1. Re:Shakespeare and the King James bible by prgrmr · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Shakespeare appears twice in the 46th Psalm, as "shake" and "spear". If you count the number of words from the beginning and ending, noting at which numbers "shake" and "spear" occur and add them together, they equal 46. Shakespeare, according to his traditional birthdate, would have been 46 in 1611 when the KJV was published.

    2. Re:Shakespeare and the King James bible by los+furtive · · Score: 1

      Oh shut the fuck up! I live in apartment 11, and to buzz me on the intercom, you have to enter 1011, which also happens to be eleven in binary. Whoooopdeeedooooo! (true story).

      --

      I'm a writer, a poet, a genius, I know it. I don't buy software, I grow it.

    3. Re:Shakespeare and the King James bible by prgrmr · · Score: 1

      It's a play on words. The plays of Shakespeare are filled with word-play--something which anyone who has actually read Shakespeare would know.

      This was something either done by him, or one of the men behind the penname, as two of the presently popular postulated possibilities participated in the process; or, it was done as a sort of tribute to Shakespeare. Thus is it more than mere coincidence.

    4. Re:Shakespeare and the King James bible by jonnyfish · · Score: 1

      Your English lit prof is on crack and should be run over by a car. Everyone knows Shakespeare was really 1000 chimps typing on 1000 typewriters.

  33. Unicode and Hieroglyphics by Ilan+Volow · · Score: 1


    To ask a totally random and silly question, does Unicode support Egyptian hieroglyphics, or is it technically counted among the non-living languages not supported?

    --
    Ergonomica Auctorita Illico!
    1. Re:Unicode and Hieroglyphics by JoeD · · Score: 1

      No. Interestingly, Linear B and Etruscan are supported. http://www.unicode.org/standard/supported.html

      It seems to be on the proposed list, though: http://www.unicode.org/pending/pending.html

    2. Re:Unicode and Hieroglyphics by rtaylor187 · · Score: 1

      There is space reserved for Egyptian Hieroglyphics in "Plane 1" (i.e. 00010000 - 0001FFFF) of ISO 10646.

      ISO 10646 is a 32-bit character mapping standard which includes Unicode as "Plane 0" (00000000 - 0000FFFF).

      Here's some more info:
      http://www.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/n2461.pdf

      I'm not sure if anything really supports ISO 10646 characters yet, though it can be encoded as UTF-8.

    3. Re: Unicode and Hieroglyphics by Black+Parrot · · Score: 1


      > To ask a totally random and silly question, does Unicode support Egyptian hieroglyphics, or is it technically counted among the non-living languages not supported?

      Google is your friend.

      I haven't followed this stuff carefully, but I understand that people are busy working on Uncode representations for dead languages as well as living, because people still like to publish documents that include the text of dead languages.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    4. Re:Unicode and Hieroglyphics by kalidasa · · Score: 1

      Nope, not yet. Egyptian hieroglyphic is a very complex writing system, and the scholarship simply isn't ready to deal with Unicode encoding. Assyrian and Sumerian Cuneiform are in the same boat (the cuneiform syllabaries, like Old Persian, are much easier to deal with). They're making a great deal of progress, though, and eventually you'll see Egyptian Hieroglyphic joining the currently encoded "dead" scripts. See the roadmap at http://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/

  34. King James Bible by Shakespeare? by crow · · Score: 1

    There's a theory that Shakespeare actually worked on the King James Bible. I never looked into it enough to decide if it was some nut trying to get attention or something with serious merrit.

    1. Re:King James Bible by Shakespeare? by stratjakt · · Score: 1

      Naw, look at my post in this thread. I had an english prof (fairly well esteemed by his peers) who believes exactly that, and had done a lot of research to back it up.

      --
      I don't need no instructions to know how to rock!!!!
  35. How about ignored? by Thinkit3 · · Score: 1, Troll

    Too many religious morons to mod down, so we just ignore them.

    --
    -Libertarian secular transhumanist
    1. Re:How about ignored? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0


      Be careful, your intellectual objectivity is showing.
      <\sarcasm>

  36. Warning by KillerHamster · · Score: 1

    I wouldn't take anything from jesus-is-lord.com seriously. That site is one of the most discriminatory, hateful sites I have seen. I find it even more offensive than the KKK or American Nazi Party sites. Furthermore, both their history and theology are screwed up. Think of it as religious FUD.

    1. Re:Warning by aclarke · · Score: 1

      Well I can't speak for that site. I just didn't want to make claims without providing some reference. I'd never seen the site before this morning. I didn't see any actual historical info on the site that didn't jibe with what I'd read elsewhere though.

  37. But did they catch Shakespear's Signature? by ssclift · · Score: 3, Interesting

    It's perhaps an old urban legend that William Shakespear (spelled here without the terminal 'e', both spellings seem to be around) was consulted on the poetry of the Psalms. Presented as evidence:

    KJV Psalm 46

    Note that 4+6 = 10, the number of letters in Shakespear. Count to the 46th word from the beginning, you see "shake" and the 46th word from the end (excluding the "Selah", a musician notation, IIRC) you have "spear"...

    I'd love to find out if the Bard really did have a hand in it... which one might hope this book would...

    1. Re:But did they catch Shakespear's Signature? by ssclift · · Score: 1
  38. Occam's Razor... by UnrefinedLayman · · Score: 5, Insightful

    ...just sliced your reply in two.

    Sorry, but when faced with the two choices of:

    (a) There is a god, and he caused the creation of religion

    and

    (b) There is no god, and religion is an institution that has its roots in superstition and social control

    One has to make the most likely choice given the evidence at hand. Most logical, lucid people who discount that which cannot be proven find themselves coming to logical conclusions.

    It amazes me how some people (not necessarily you) will suspend the very logic which they use in every other aspect of their life just for the chance to believe in something or someone that, for all intents and purposes, doesn't exist.

    1. Re:Occam's Razor... by KillerHamster · · Score: 1

      First, thank you for an intelligent response.

      Second, is it really logical to conclude that God must not exist just because it cannot be proven by "scientific" methods? True, no one can prove or disprove the existence of God, but one can still come to a logical conclusion that he exists.

      Here is my reasoning: If science is correct about the universe forming from a "big bang," then everything that exists, including living beings, came to exist from that explosion. We have all studied biology and chemistry, and we all know that the structures necessary for life are incredibly complex, maybe more complex than we will ever understand.

      I find it impossible to believe that life, even in a primitive form, could spontaneously form from random atoms flying around in space, and that its formation happened on a planet with exactly the right chemical make-up and just the right temperature and just the right atmosphere, and that I evolved from this thing. It's way too big a coincidence to be believable. Therefore, it makes sense that something guided the formation of life. I call this thing "God." I think it's unfortunate that scientists are stuck with the Big Bang Theory, since God is outside the realm of science.

    2. Re:Occam's Razor... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      One of the problems with Occam's Razor is that people weild it as if it were a law of physics. It is a useful guideline in many cases, but not all. Sometimes the weirder and more complicated answer is the correct one.

    3. Re:Occam's Razor... by Zan+Zu+from+Eridu · · Score: 1
      You forgot an option.

      (c) There are processes in the brain that, under the right circumstances, cause people to have visions, revelations, out-of-body experiences and a truckload more of experiences we call "spiritual". Some of the people who have those experiences record them and/or become prophets, who sometimes start new religions.

      People like Michael Persinger have done a lot of studies on this recently. Persinger is even capable of inducing some of these effects -under laboratory conditions- by stimulating the brain by magnetic fields (with the so called Perisinger helmet). He can make you have a God experience which people who have these experiences without the magnetic stimulation consider authentic.

      Now what is more plausible, concidering (b) makes everyone who says he has such spiritual experiences a lier with a desire to control society?

    4. Re:Occam's Razor... by JesterXXV · · Score: 1
      "I find it impossible to believe that life...could spontaneously form from random atoms flying around in space..."

      If time and space are infinite, then it was bound to happen. It's like the infinite monkeys with infinite typewriters reproducing the works of Shakespeare.

      Besides, people have been using gods to explain things they didn't understand since we stopped scraping our knuckles on the ground, and possibly before that. Apollo carried the sun across the sky in a Golden chariot, right? People in that day probably thought it was impossible that it was actually a huge ball of fire, millions of times the size of the rock under their feet, and was the same sort of object as those tiny twinkling lights they saw when it was dark. My point is, just because we don't understand something doesn't mean God did it.

      --
      Yo mama so fake, she failed the Turing Test.
    5. Re:Occam's Razor... by ebpotter · · Score: 1

      Keep in mind that Occam's Razor only applies in situations were the evidence for two choices is absolutly equal. So before you can say that the later option is true, you must prove the both options are equally supported.

    6. Re:Occam's Razor... by dswensen · · Score: 1

      I guess it depends on whether you find applications of personal logic the highest goal humankind can strive for.

      Personally, I have seen and read of too many things for which modern science cannot account to dismiss the possibility of a guiding intelligence out of hand. When science can explain all the unanswered questions, then I'll start believing there is no god. And when human beings can stop using science to create new means of destroying himself, his fellow humans, and the planet, then I'll start believing we no longer need one.

    7. Re:Occam's Razor... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "no one can prove or disprove the existence of God, but one can still come to a logical conclusion that he exists."

      I have take issue with you there. While I don't think any of us can prove or disprove his existence to another, I do believe you can prove or disprove His existence with a reasonable amount of certainty to yourself.

      You can test God. The bible is full of instances of 'If you do ___, I will do ___.'. See if what He says is true.
      I don't consider testing God to be blasphemous. He encourages it. In fact I think that in one of these 'promisary notes' God says "Prove me now herewith'.

      If his promises are fulfilled (or are not fulfilled) in a statiscally significant manner, then act in all integrity based on what you've found (or have not found).

      Be aware that this isn't a trial to do lightly. God often asks his believers to go through some character-growing (difficult) experiences (see Abraham, Joseph, Jonah, Paul, etc.). Realize that turnabout is fairplay. If you're not prepared to face tests he may give to you, don't expect it from him.

      Good luck.

      -Truth is a valuable thing. It's worth an awful lot of searching.

    8. Re: Occam's Razor... by Black+Parrot · · Score: 1


      > I find it impossible to believe that life, even in a primitive form, could spontaneously form from random atoms flying around in space, and that its formation happened on a planet with exactly the right chemical make-up and just the right temperature and just the right atmosphere, and that I evolved from this thing. It's way too big a coincidence to be believable.

      Yeah, that's why scientists suspect things like gravity and chemistry got involved with those atoms flying around in space. You might have noticed that the universe isn't a completely random gas of atoms.

      > I think it's unfortunate that scientists are stuck with the Big Bang Theory, since God is outside the realm of science.

      The only thing outside the realm of science is stuff that doesn't have any observable properties.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    9. Re: Occam's Razor... by Black+Parrot · · Score: 1


      > One of the problems with Occam's Razor is that people weild it as if it were a law of physics. It is a useful guideline in many cases, but not all. Sometimes the weirder and more complicated answer is the correct one.

      True, but of course we only conclude that they are the correct ones when the evidence guides us that way.

      The power of Occam's Razor is that it cuts the legs out from under arguments based on special pleading.

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    10. Re:Occam's Razor... by KillerHamster · · Score: 1

      [Disclaimer - I Am Not A Physicist]

      Three questions:

      1. If the Big Bang Theory is correct, doesn't that imply that space and time are finite?

      2. Has it been proven that given infinite time and space, all possible events must occur? Can this even be proven?

      3. Even if random atoms could come together to form a living being, how can science explain intelligence and emotion?

    11. Re:Occam's Razor... by nojomofo · · Score: 2, Insightful

      And when human beings can stop using science to create new means of destroying himself, his fellow humans, and the planet, then I'll start believing we no longer need [a god]

      And when most of the wars that are destroying our fellow humans are caused by reasons other than "gods", then I'll start believing that they (gods) might not have a negative influence on human affairs.

    12. Re:Occam's Razor... by niom · · Score: 1
      It's way too big a coincidence to be believable.

      First, an affirmation like this has only got any value (even for yourself) if you have some kind of formation about the fields you're talking about. Science has found many results that will seem thoroughly counterintuitive if you lack the proper training; that's why people spend many years studying these subjects and don't simply rely on their common sense. In the case of astronomy the sheer numbers involved are enough to render common sense totally misleading.

      Second, even if we accepted that "something guided the formation of life" and call that someting "God", you've covered just a tiny part of what constitutes most religious peoples' beliefs. There's still a huge hole of reasoning in front of you, namely how to connect that "something that guided the formation of life" to the Bible and, say, a specific position on the marriage of homosexual people.

      --
      -- Repeat with me: "There is no right to profits".
    13. Re:Occam's Razor... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I find it impossible to believe that life, even in a primitive form, could spontaneously form from random atoms flying around in space, and that its formation happened on a planet with exactly the right chemical make-up and just the right temperature and just the right atmosphere, and that I evolved from this thing. It's way too big a coincidence to be believable.

      (Emphasis mine) Aren't you confusing cause with effect? You are saying here that the effect was due to the cause. It's wrong.

      You see, you would NOT BE HERE if there was not the right chemical make-up and jus tthe right temperature. You would not be here to wonder about it. I doubt if any human would. So, you just happen to be here and wonder why you are here. But, if you weren't here, you wouldn't be wondering either, because you wouldn't exist, at all. Sounds stupid, but there's a certain logic which evades my attempts. Sorry, English is not my mother tongue, although I feel I have quite a good command of it.

      Therefore, it makes sense that something guided the formation of life. I call this thing "God."

      I too think that something indeed guides the formation of life. But it's not a personal God or an entity. It's just the rules which exists, the emergent behavior of interacting particles. The universe is the rule set in itself; the universe is the "God" if you want to call it that. The system is the rules of the system, as everything effects everything else. But there is no personal God, in my opinion. I don't see why there would be.

      I think it's unfortunate that scientists are stuck with the Big Bang Theory, since God is outside the realm of science.

      I think not, it's just a matter how you define "God". Is it a gray-haired gentleman sitting on a throne, or a gaseous telepathic substance, or something very non-personal and meta.

      Remember, the Tao that can be spoken of is not the real Tao.

    14. Re:Occam's Razor... by shokk · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Why "most"? Are the few (the most destructive) from the 20th century that were caused by capitalism, communism, and plain old racism not enough? Blaming wars on religion is just a convenient excuse for crucifying Christians, beheading Bhuddist monks, burning Jews, and quartering Muslims because you don't like the wart on their face or the way they walk. There is usually something else not too much deeper if you care to look.

      --
      "Beware of he who would deny you access to information, for in his heart, he dreams himself your master."
    15. Re:Occam's Razor... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I find it impossible to believe that life, even in a primitive form, could spontaneously form from random atoms flying around in space, and that its formation happened on a planet with exactly the right chemical make-up and just the right temperature and just the right atmosphere, and that I evolved from this thing.It's way too big a coincidence to be believable.

      Why do you try to answer such an extremely complicated question (whether it is possible/ probable for self-replicating molecules to emerge randomly) using intuition alone? Do you also refuse to believe quantum or relativistic physics because they defy intuition? Science's answer is not to believe anything but to conduct experiements and collect data to investigate the issue.


      Therefore, it makes sense that something guided the formation of life. I call this thing "God." I think it's unfortunate that scientists are stuck with the Big Bang Theory, since God is outside the realm of science.


      OK, so here we have a mind-boggling problem; and your solution is to introduce a "God"; whose properties are not well known. But this introduces more problems as it solves. For now we have to ask "Who made God" and "What is his meaning of God's life". You have essentially replaced the problem of

      ? -> World

      with

      ? -> God -> World

      If you follow your logic again, the answer must be that God was created by some super-God, and so on.

      ... -> God++ -> God+ -> God -> World

      The one who was supposed to be almighty becomes second last in an infininte power hierarchy. Alternatively, you can argue that God just is, and does not come from anything:

      God -> World

      But if we accept that it is possible for something complex to just exist without a creator (in this case God), then a simpler explanation is:

      World

      That's enough philosophy for today...

      Tor

    16. Re:Occam's Razor... by geekoid · · Score: 1

      what about entropy?

      every time we learn something about the universe, God gets a little bit bigger.

      But what we are skirting around is the Crux of the issue, faith. By Gods own definition, he can not be proven. Once God is proven, there is no more faith, only knowledge. the Clever thing is, this is the only way tro do it and still have free will.

      --
      The Kruger Dunning explains most post on /. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect
    17. Re:Occam's Razor... by MickLinux · · Score: 1
      Most logical, lucid people who discount that which cannot be proven find themselves coming to logical conclusions.

      Not correct. All logical, lucid people discard the tiniest fraction of that which cannot be proven. And that discarding is the irrational part of them.

      You don't discard that which cannot be proven, if you are logical and rational. You discard that which is disproven (which is possible).

      Most logical, rational, lucid people are relatively aware of the limitations of their logic, and thus do not assume religion is wrong, especially if they have a plethora of evidence to the contrary. May I suggest reading "The Cross and the Switchblade" for one of many modern examples. Then go investigate it yourself. Or just open your eyes and heart: there are bound to be more examples of God's direct action, much closer to home. But "The Cross is the Switchblade" is an easy start.

      Then think about the why behind what you saw.

      Then start looking at the different religions, and see which makes the most sense, given the data you have.

      --
      Correct Horse Battery Staple: 72 bits of entropy. Enter "Correct H" into google. When it generates the phrase, that's
    18. Re:Occam's Razor... by Ramze · · Score: 1
      While noone can prove or disprove the existance of a god-like being in the universe that may have guided evolution... We can research individual religions on the planet and disprove each religion with scientific evidence contrary to its beliefs or with evidence that its beliefs were copied from another older religion. While this may not prove there is no god... it does put significant doubt on any particular god that people have invented so far. The fact that most religions have a different creation story than evolution is a slap in the face of many religions. Fossil records and genetic mapping have come a long way towards filling in any gaps in the fossil records and will one day provide a clear lineage for all life on earth which will be difficult to explain any other way than evolution.

      Whenever modern science fails to explain something, it's often human nature to attribute that event to a god. (I don't know, so I guess a higher power did it syndrome) The more that science can explain, the less room there is for mystical explanations. Religion was the first science and government structure of mankind. It gave explanations (admittedly silly ones) for everyday things and seemed to give comfort to people and a purpose for things. The belief in god has largely become a psychological addiction for people. People want to believe in justice, forgiveness, and in some cause that they can be a part of. With a god and an afterlife, we have a judge, a king, and some feeling that when we all die, we get what we deserve. Good people get good things even if they never were treated well on the earth & Bad people get bad things even if they only had the best things on the planet while they were alive. (They won't get away with it... they'll go to hell or whatever when they die).

      I find it impossible to believe that life, even in a primitive form, could spontaneously form from random atoms flying around in space, and that its formation happened on a planet with exactly the right chemical make-up and just the right temperature and just the right atmosphere, and that I evolved from this thing. It's way too big a coincidence to be believable. Therefore, it makes sense that something guided the formation of life. I call this thing "God." I think it's unfortunate that scientists are stuck with the Big Bang Theory, since God is outside the realm of science.

      While today's lifeforms are extremely complex -- even on the cellular level, the first forms of life on Earth were likely so primitive you wouldn't recognize them as "alive" today if you saw them. Even viruses would be considered extremely complex by comparison. Life most likely didn't form from "random atoms flying around in space". It most likely formed on ocean sea vents and was somewhat similar to clusters of soap bubbles with primitive proteins mixed in for millions of years before it ever formed a single-celled organism. It wouldn't have had mitochondria or chloroplasts... wouldn't have had a nucleus... wouldn't have used oxygen (in fact, oxygen would have been a poison to it)... and it would be little more "alive" than a crystal growing on the sea floor.

      As for happening "on a planet with exactly the right chemical make-up and just the right temperature and just the right atmosphere", you should know that the Earth is made of the same stuff as Mercury, Venus, Mars, the moon, the asteroid belt (which might have once been a planet itself), and all other rocky bodies in space in almost the exact same proportions. There's no magic in the soil on Earth. Most other planets around other stars are expected to be made of nearly the same proportions of elements due to the elements produced during the life cycle of stars when they explode.

      As for the right atmosphere, primitive earth likely had little to no oxygen in its atmosphere -- it was created as a byproduct of life. The other gasses are commonplace on planets without life (Co2, N2, etc).

      Earth's position from the sun is the single-most important necessity for life

    19. Re:Occam's Razor... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Your infinity equals life has a major problem - the second law of thermodynamics. By the time one protein is assembled, against the equilibrium constants and all that, no way another 200 would be ready at the same place and time.

      Consider there are only 10^78 or so atoms in the universe. The odds of getting just one of the necessary proteins to be in the correct chirality is like 10^115, so a stochastic approach will not work.

    20. Re: Occam's Razor... by BorgCopyeditor · · Score: 1
      The power of Occam's Razor is that it cuts the legs out from under arguments based on special pleading.

      The problem with Occam's Razor is that it dresses up baseless dismissal as logical necessity.

      --
      Shop as usual. And avoid panic buying.
    21. Re:Occam's Razor... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Ah yes, the Theists favourite argument: "I do not understand something, therefore there is a God". This argument originally started with stuff like "why does it rain?" and as science has progressed the theists are now backed so far into a corner that they're quibbling about the arrangement of molecules.

      And even so, let's say there is a God. What are you going to do about it? For example, what's with this "prayer" business? It's perfectly possible that this God being really hates that sort of thing and you'll spend the rest of eternity being tortured for having pestered him with prayer. Perhaps what we're supposed to do is juggle cats, because that's what he really digs. Or perhaps the Vikings were right. Or the Aztecs. Or some small tribe in Borneo who worship a gilded pig while partaking in a group orgy.

      In short, whether or not there is a God is irrelevant, because there ain't a darn thing you can logically do about it. Just give it a rest and get on with life.

    22. Re:Occam's Razor... by UnrefinedLayman · · Score: 1

      The problem is your reply deals with different levels of consciousness influenced by very real, very provable outside forces. No one is denying that if you take LSD you experience a different level of consciousness. What people are denying is the idea that god exists, and thus caused religion to come into existence.

      If anything, you're driving the point home. All the crap that collectively has caused religion has actually existed. The idea that god created religion is a bunch of crap.

    23. Re:Occam's Razor... by UnrefinedLayman · · Score: 1

      I guess it depends on whether you find applications of personal logic the highest goal humankind can strive for.

      I don't, but it's important to have an agreeable base from which to build. If we can't agree upon using logic, then we can't really think or talk. If that's the case, then conversation would get really dull. Fast.

    24. Re:Occam's Razor... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      I find it impossible to believe that life, even in a primitive form, could spontaneously form from random atoms flying around in space, and that its formation happened on a planet with exactly the right chemical make-up and just the right temperature and just the right atmosphere, and that I evolved from this thing. It's way too big a coincidence to be believable.

      Yes, it's a remarkable coincidence, isn't it? Man, the odds have got to be at least a billion to one.

      However, according to the latest research, there are roughly 70 sextillion (7E22) stars in the visible universe... so if the odds are one in a billion, that still makes for several trillion star systems with life.

      Look, the universe is really, really, really, really big. I don't find it strange at all that on one in a trillion planets or so the conditions and odds eventually coincide enough to kickstart life.

    25. Re:Occam's Razor... by Zan+Zu+from+Eridu · · Score: 1
      Maybe I'm driving the point home, maybe not. The point I was trying to make is that not every religion starts out as a means to control a society. The original poster seems to suggest that is the only other reason possible for the existence of a religion if it isn't inspired by a God.

      What I say is it's likely this kind of inspiration isn't from God at all but something we produce ourselves, but there definitely is some kind of revelations/inspiration going on, so it's not all crap.

    26. Re: Occam's Razor... by cford · · Score: 1

      Well said. Wish I had mod points right now.

    27. Re:Occam's Razor... by cruachan · · Score: 1

      That's simply not true. The original quote from William of Occam is

      "It is vain to do with more what can be done with less".

      In other words the simpler approach should be chossen on the balance of evidence and explanation.

    28. Re: Occam's Razor... by cruachan · · Score: 1

      The original quote (well the original's in Latin, but hey :-) is

      "It is vain to do with more what can be done with less."

      Which does not say that the simplest explanation is always correct, rather that when choosing an explanation for a problem the natural bias should be towards the simpler explanation.

    29. Re:Occam's Razor... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      intelligence is easy. At one end of the scale is single cells that just happen to swim towards the region that a chemical is strongest. (this is how a spem finds an egg). As creatures developed more sensors, they developed brains to merge thouse imputs to help determin action.

      Emotion is an extention of that but its more based on chemical situations. When you feel loved because your cuddling your teddybear, its because when you were young, your brain had a mix of hormones that were released when you were being held and now when a simular tactile sensation happens, the brain recalls some of the stimulations from long ago. The same system causes kittens to be quiet when their mother senses danger. Its also why a women has about 3 hrs a month to meet "Mr Right" and can not at any other time of her reporduction cycle.

    30. Re:Occam's Razor... by thogard · · Score: 1

      I don't know where your getting your odds from (they appear way high) but you forgot that there have been about 10^17 seconds for all that to happen.

      The 1st creatures didn't have 100 proteins. In a world where nothing is around to eat you, a creature won't need a defense.

    31. Re:Occam's Razor... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The odds are easy to figure; an average protein is a little over 400 amino acids long. Let's say 430, that's kind of average for "primitive" prokaryotes. Typically 8% of a protein in that kind of creature is glycine, which is achiral. So .92*430 = 387 chiral amino acids. So the odds of getting, via nondeterministic processes (which abiogenesis has to be by definition) just one protein to have pure chirality (which every single protein ever seen does) is 2^387 which = 3x10^116. With 10^78 atoms and 10^17 seconds, you could form a protein once a second for every atom in the universe and still have only one in 3x10^21 chance of ever getting just one protein to be homochiral by stochastic processes.

      And that calculation is ignoring all kinds of negative factors, such as the building equilibrium constant gradient against the formation of polypeptides in aqueous solutions, the preference for side chain reactions in some amino acids, the presence of other reagents that would terminate a growing protein, the assumption that an abundance of only twenty amino acids is available, that none of the other possible forms would interfere, and the degradation of several amino acids in solution.

      You claim creatures are possible with less that 100 proteins. Interesting, you should publish; the lowest number I've seen is 283, which was recognized as too low even by the author.

  39. I'd bet you would be the life of the party... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ... if you ever got invited to one.

  40. Re:Religion - OT by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    I don't perceive religion myself to be any kind of self administered mental opiate for my placation, but how I genuinely feel the cosmos to be organized for the sake of its own existence
    what the fuck?
  41. For fun by conan_albrecht · · Score: 4, Funny

    A man comes up on a priest banging his head against the wall -- clearly frustrated. The man asks him, "what's wrong?"

    The man, who has been celibate all his life, replies, "We just retranslated the oldest manuscript available. The word is 'celebrate'!"

    1. Re:For fun by rjamestaylor · · Score: 1

      What's REALLY funny is that no where in the Bible are priests supposed to be celibate. Now, the fact that there is no special class of "priest" in the NT is a different matter altogether. The priesthood and its rules are late 4th century and beyond additions to the Christian tradition (more important to Catholicism than mere scripture, according to the cathecisms).

      --
      -- @rjamestaylor on Ello
    2. Re:For fun by dotgod · · Score: 1

      The Bible says the opposite in fact. I Tim. 4 calls forbidding to marry a "doctrine of demons"

    3. Re:For fun by bluGill · · Score: 1

      True, but the priests in the new testament are encouraged to not marry, and sex outside of marriage is not allowed. Thus a celibate life is encouraged for priests in the new testiment. Simon Peter was married, and the Gospil of Mark is generally thought to be written by his son. So we know that Jesus did allow marriage, but it isn't clear that he encouraged it.

      My church has had married priests in the past, and they all agree that it is easier for unmarried priests to work in general. There were however some special situations that marriage is better.

    4. Re:For fun by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      There were 5 documented groups that were roaming about the area at the time preaching hippy like lifestyle and be nice to others and that sort of thing. Most of the Romans thought they were crackpots. Three of the groups were men only and were openly gay. One group had a place for women to have children and little other uses for them and the 5th was mixed. One of the gay groups also was pulling in medical techniques from Egypt. Remember that at that time, it would have been impossible to be a Jewish doctor because the rules about being "unlcean" as it related to the ill and bleeding. I expect that group had a major impact of the apostles considering they could heal things that were unhealable at the time (except in Egypt where they had doctors), much of the early concepts that are much different than the Jewish and Roman customs are from Egypt.

    5. Re:For fun by rjamestaylor · · Score: 1

      1) All believers are priests in the NT
      2) All elders (the overseers of the local churches) MUST be the "husband of one wife".
      3) Paul said it was better not to marry -- only to those who were not yet married -- so they could concentrate on serving the Lord. This was early in his ministry (1 Corinthians); later he told younger widows to marry.
      4) Jesus never spoke anything to indicate we should hesitate to be married.

      That "your church" does this or that is irrelevant to the Scriptures.

      --
      -- @rjamestaylor on Ello
    6. Re:For fun by bluGill · · Score: 1

      I'll accept point one, but then we have to find a different name for what I termed priests. Basicly you have people who's "job" is to study the bible, and teach the believers about it, and help convert non-belivers. They need some sort of name (pastor, preacher, etc. I choose priest in my previous post, but it was a bad choice of words in hindsite) so we can differenciate them from them from regular folks. Most of us do something other than study the bible for a living. Someone has to grow food for the priests, someone has to provide shelter, transportation, clothing, and the other basics. They are still priests in the bible (in the old testament God wanted the Jews to be a nation of priests. I don't recall anything like that in the NT, but at least that sprit is there), but they spend more time on other things. Of course everyone could provide for themselves, but it works better to specialize a little bit.

      That out of the way, your post is basicly what I said: What is allowed (marriage) is different from what works best (single priests)

      I feel obligated out point out that you are allowed one marriage, until death parts. Those divorced have only one option for marriage: make up with their ex and re-marry. How few "religious" people obey that one.

    7. Re:For fun by rjamestaylor · · Score: 1
      One husband, one wife::One Christ, one Bride.
      Exception: if a spouse commits adultery the other spouse is free of the marriage covenant.

      As much as people make fun of Mormons (or is it Mormans?) for poligamy, this country practices "serial poligamy" quite freely -- even among the religious.

      --
      -- @rjamestaylor on Ello
  42. Nonetheless... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Have you ever noticed how all religions are essentially the same, and yet somehow their followers all argue with those of other religions about 'the one true faith', even though their beliefs are all virtually identical. Example 1, the cruisades, Christians killed thousands of Muslims, even though Islam teaches all of the same things (God, heaven, how to get into heaven, how not to go to hell etc,.) Example 2, the holocaust, Christians killed tens of thousands of Jews, even though the only substantial difference in the two religions is which half of the Bible they would rather read. Example 3, 9/11, Muslims indiscriminately kill people of all religions, even other Muslims, despite the fact that the belief systems of all of these religions are so nearly identical that they probably would have done just as much damage suing religious leaders for copyright infringement. This leads me to believe that all religion is self contradictory, and so should be ignored completely.

    1. Re:Nonetheless... by gughunter · · Score: 1

      Ira 27:
      (20) Once, though, someone almost put one over on Harry,
      (21) Because when he asked if they'd read [the Bible],
      (22) They said right back, "Have you?"
      (23) But it took Harry only half a second to smile,
      (24) And then he said, Nah.
      (25) But I've read the Cliff Notes.

    2. Re:Nonetheless... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Of course most relgions teach about God, heaven, how to get into heaven, how not to go to hell etc,. that is what religion is about, understanding what is beyond human physical perception and scientific observation.

      All religion is not contradictory, they just teach different things. This is only contradictory if you assume they all must be right, a better question is: which teach the truth. Your examples 1 and 3 are classic illustrations of man working his way to God, taken to the extream. In most cases when this happens in the Christian faith it is because men try to change what the Bible says, for their own purposes. The Bible says, man can not reach God, but God reached out to man. Man only needs to accept God's gift.

      BTW from Example 2, Christians did not kill Jews. Hitlar killed jews. Some churches did sanction Hitlar's government out of fear or in some cases power tripping.

    3. Re:Nonetheless... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hitler did kill Jews no doubt; but, so have countless Christian Inquisitions throughout history. Your statement that "Christians did not kill Jews is incorrect.

    4. Re:Nonetheless... by Eq+7-2521 · · Score: 1

      I'm glad to know that someone out there besides myself reads (and can quote) _The Boomer Bible_.

      --
      At my age I find coming up with a witty signature too exhausting.
    5. Re:Nonetheless... by Akhiro · · Score: 1

      That's quite the simplistic view you have there. Mind you it sounds like it's based out of ignorance, but interestingly simple all the same.

    6. Re:Nonetheless... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "I am convinced that I am acting as the agent of our Creator. By fighting off the Jews. I am doing the Lord's work."- Adolph Hitler, Mein Kampf

  43. Re:Bible was translated??? Damnable LIES by mrkurt · · Score: 1

    "SSHHHH! You're giving away all our secrets!
    The next thing you'll be telling people is that America was founded as a secular nation, not a "Christian country"".
    --the Religious Right

    --
    Always look on the briight side of life! (whistle, whistle)
  44. Bibles, Translations -- straight dope. by ansak · · Score: 5, Informative
    What the Christian world calls "the Bible" is a collection of documents written in three languages: Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek. Most modern translations follow
    • the best available textual criticism (trying to reconstruct document 0 from the many fragments one finds -- and compare the statistics to the ones on numbers of copies of other documents available from the same time periods)
    • cross-checked with
      • quotations from commentators (Old Church Fathers)
      • translations into other old known languages (including in the case of Hebrew: Aramaic, Greek, Syriac and Samaritan; in the case of Greek: Aramaic, Arabic, Armenian, Latin, Coptic, Syriac, Old Latin etc. etc.)
    • with the vocabulary used cross-checked with all available other usages of the same words in the same time-frame (Thankfully, the Greek-speaking world wrote a LOT of stuff!)

    The point being that of all possible documents you could hold a copy of in your own language, a modern translation of the Bible is about as close to the closest possible meaning in your language of the meaning in language 0 of document 0 as you could possibly have of any text of similar origin and antiquity.

    And all that without invoking a single phrase of mumbo jumbo...in saecula saeculorum Amen, Amen

    --
    Still hoping for Gentle Treatment...
    1. Re:Bibles, Translations -- straight dope. by iggymanz · · Score: 1

      written in 3 languages

      don't forget Chaldean (parts of Book of Daniel)

    2. Re:Bibles, Translations -- straight dope. by bj8rn · · Score: 1

      There's this story about how the wise men of old times decided to translate all the Bible to Greek. To make sure it gets translated correctly, they had 40 (or 100, I've forgotten the exact number) different men do it. And lo! a miracle happened and all the translations were exactly the same. When translating the book into Latin, the same stunt was performed with the same results, or at least that's what the legends say. And for this reason the Greek and Latin versions also counted as the Original...

      --
      Hell is not other people; it is yourself. - Ludwig Wittgenstein
  45. Re: WTF? by Keighvin · · Score: 1

    I earnestly believe that there is a fundamental unseen organization to the cosmos, administered by intelligence. That is, even independent of any perceived reward for activity upon this belief for myself, I feel that these things are. I feel this belief morally, logically, and spiritually.

    My role within it is a matter of personal improvement, I find the guidelines of this perception to be helpful and indeed rewarding - but it is not a perception shaped by a need to control moral behavior or satisfy an otherwise unanswerable despair.

    Perhaps I should have clarified in my original post, that, "I don't perecieve my participation in religion to be a self administered mental opiate for (my) placation..."

    --
    Any spoon would be too big.
  46. Hilarity Ensues by Dictator+For+Life · · Score: 1
    (b) There is no god, and religion is an institution that has its roots in superstition and social control

    One has to make the most likely choice given the evidence at hand. Most logical, lucid people who discount that which cannot be proven find themselves coming to logical conclusions.

    So, on the basis of exactly *what* "evidence" (remember, you said "given the evidence at hand") have you concluded that "(b) There is no god..."?

    --

    DFL

    Never send a human to do a machine's job.

    1. Re:Hilarity Ensues by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think what the OP meant was not evidence, but more likely the lack of evidence (which is evidence in itself).

      Does Mickey Mouse exist as a real person? There is plenty of documentation and "evidence" about it. Is Mickey more "real" for a 5-year old than a 50-year old?

    2. Re:Hilarity Ensues by Dictator+For+Life · · Score: 1
      I think what the OP meant was not evidence, but more likely the lack of evidence (which is evidence in itself).

      Then perhaps the OP should say what he means if he is going to be flailing about wildly with Occam's Razor.

      On the side, what do you mean "lack of evidence"? There is plenty of evidence. What's lacking are honest interpretations of the evidence.

      --

      DFL

      Never send a human to do a machine's job.

    3. Re:Hilarity Ensues by UnrefinedLayman · · Score: 1
      So, on the basis of exactly *what* "evidence" (remember, you said "given the evidence at hand") have you concluded that "(b) There is no god..."?
      Well, for (a) we have the following: conjecture, speculation, unsubstantiated claims. In other words, all the evidence for the veracity of (a) indicates that (a) is a bunch of hooey.

      For (b), if we have even the barest logical reason for believing it, it has come out as the most likely answer.

      It's like math, in school. If Jimmy has three oranges, and Timmy has zero oranges, Jimmy's going to make good money scalping at the lunch line, and Timmy's going to continue having... nothing.
    4. Re:Hilarity Ensues by UnrefinedLayman · · Score: 1
      Then perhaps the OP should say what he means if he is going to be flailing about wildly with Occam's Razor.
      I did say what I meant. I didn't realize the smallest bit of thinking on your own would be so challenging. Perhaps in the future I should make sure that what I post on Slashdot is written from several perspectives. Maybe I should take the time to come up with counter-arguments, I-don't-get-it questions, flames, and pictures of the penis bird for each of my replies ahead of time so that everyone knows exactly the whole story, so people like you don't have to think.
      On the side, what do you mean "lack of evidence"? There is plenty of evidence. What's lacking are honest interpretations of the evidence.
      Oh wait, you're already not thinking. You're swimming in the three-ring blowup pool of faith. Splash splash good! Logic hard!
    5. Re:Hilarity Ensues by Dictator+For+Life · · Score: 1
      Well, for (a) we have the following: conjecture, speculation, unsubstantiated claims.

      Hogwash. The evidence is all around you. Part of the evidence *is* you.

      For (b), if we have even the barest logical reason for believing it

      And we don't. Game over.

      Your math illustration is defective. Timmy is obviously the atheist, who has nothing on which to base his ridiculous views. So he begs, borrows, or steals oranges from Jimmy the Christian theist, labels his oranges "grapefruit", and then starts selling them. The fact that he calls his fruit something other than what they are doesn't change the fact that they are still oranges. Unfortunately, he happens to attend a particular government school where the teachers and most of the students are perfectly willing to believe that oranges are really grapefruit, so he has a huge potential market.

      --

      DFL

      Never send a human to do a machine's job.

    6. Re:Hilarity Ensues by Dictator+For+Life · · Score: 1
      There's nothing like a good ad hominem for avoiding a discussion, is there?

      Meanwhile, since you insist that you have said what you meant, you still haven't presented the evidence for your claim that there is no God.

      --

      DFL

      Never send a human to do a machine's job.

    7. Re:Hilarity Ensues by UnrefinedLayman · · Score: 1

      Nothing like it at all. At least I threw in some support for my arguments before I called on you.

      By the way, I don't have to disprove god's existence. I'm not the one claiming god exists.

      Look! Invisible sky fairies! What, you don't believe me? Prove they're not there!

      It's the fantastic lack of evidence that leads one to disregard the possibility of god, just like sky fairies.

      I think it's safe to say at this point that unless you can prove the existence of god, I'm not interested. Interpretations, perceptions, and faith won't prove anything. I need the hard solid proof -- and you can rag on me all you want for that.

    8. Re:Hilarity Ensues by Dictator+For+Life · · Score: 1
      By the way, I don't have to disprove god's existence. I'm not the one claiming god exists.

      Obviously not. But you are the one claiming that God doesn't exist, not me. Are you able to justify your claim or not?

      I need the hard solid proof

      Tell me what would satisfy you. I'm insanely curious.

      --

      DFL

      Never send a human to do a machine's job.

    9. Re:Hilarity Ensues by UnrefinedLayman · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Obviously not. But you are the one claiming that God doesn't exist, not me. Are you able to justify your claim or not? You don't seem to realize that I'm not in a position to prove that. One cannot prove a negative; you're attempting to get me to say "I can't prove it," and you're right, I can't. It's not possible. The next step is likely "If you can't prove it, you can't discount it." Bzzt. I have no reason to believe it, and as I already said, the only way I'd believe it is with hard, solid proof.

      And what might that be? Get god to look me in the eye and say "UnrefinedLayman, I do exist. Watch me smite someone!"

      Then we'll talk.

    10. Re:Hilarity Ensues by Dictator+For+Life · · Score: 1
      the only way I'd believe it is with hard, solid proof.

      And what might that be? Get god to look me in the eye and say "UnrefinedLayman, I do exist. Watch me smite someone!"

      And what if it is not God's character to do so? What if he doesn't behave that way?

      Your answer is flippant, but the fact remains that on average when people say they want "cold, hard, facts", they already have pre-conceived notions of how God ("if he really exists," they think) ought to act. Then they presume to stand in judgment of him, by denying his existence, simply because he doesn't act they way that they think he ought to act.

      On the one hand, it's gross hubris, because we've already decided what kind of God we're willing to believe in, consdescendingly detaching that from any serious consideration of what God is really like: "God had better jump like Hop Sing, or I'll have nothing to do with him!" What arrogance!

      On the other hand, the attitude that "I'll only believe in God if he meets my conditions" is also wholly ignorant: God exists as who he is whether he meets your "standards" or not. We don't get to decide what the definition of "is" is.

      I suggest that perhaps you have concocted a fanciful idea of what you think God ought to be like, and because your non-existent imagined "God" doesn't say "How high?" when you say "Jump", you conclude that he doesn't exist.

      The real God doesn't come a-running like some Step-n-fetch when UnrefinedLayman (or Dictator For Life) starts howling.

      I have no reason to believe it

      That's up for debate, but granting it for the sake of argument: neither do you have any reason to disbelieve it. Right?

      --

      DFL

      Never send a human to do a machine's job.

  47. Book by squeeko · · Score: 1

    Does the book mention anything about the Schwallers, Isha and Rubicz?

  48. Idiot by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You can't post and moderate in the same discussion.

    1. Re:Idiot by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You can't post and moderate in the same discussion.

      Like it's all that hard to get rid of your IP Address? And you call yourself a Slashdotter?

  49. No it doesn't. by roystgnr · · Score: 2, Insightful

    The problem with trying to analyze why religions were "made up" and what social purposes (deterrence, discrimination, thought control, etc.) they are used for is that it ignores the possibility that there actually is a God, and that which we call "religion" came to exist as a result of God's revelation of himself, not as a result of random guesses or evil conspiracies.

    If that possibility is true, it just means that trying to analyze why one particular religion was "made up" would be pointless, but all the others are still fair game.

  50. NET Bible by mortonda · · Score: 1

    Yes, it's the NET Bible

    1. Re:NET Bible by Cybrr · · Score: 1

      I found The Skeptic's Annotated Bible to be way more easy to search.

      --
      Why did GEAR crush RDP?
    2. Re:NET Bible by mrkurt · · Score: 1

      I'm impressed with the Skeptic's Annotated Bible. Categorized, and in color... I just might get the CD.

      --
      Always look on the briight side of life! (whistle, whistle)
  51. Re:/. merges with Kuro5hin by Suppafly · · Score: 1

    Or did /. just get bought out by Kuro5hin?
    One can hope..

  52. If we had Paul's parchment... by Baron_Yam · · Score: 1

    Wouldn't the arguments be that much more facinating?

  53. Just outta curiousity.... by DG · · Score: 1

    A question for you two biblical scholar types:

    Can you post examples of where the text of a "corrupted" manuscript differs signifigantly from the text of an "uncorrupted" text?

    It might be interesting to see the size of the head of the pin.

    DG

    --
    Want to learn about race cars? Read my Book
    1. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by schmidt349 · · Score: 1

      Using just a few manuscripts can lead to substantial problems in the reading of a text. Bear in mind that the New Testament's various books were all completed sometime toward the end of the first century AD. Now, no printing presses existed then, so a copy of a manuscript was only as good as its copyist was attentive. The Hebrew scribal tradition was brilliant and included a number of error checking and correction methodologies, but the Greek and Latin-tradition scribes weren't always the sharpest quills in the inkwell and sometimes made some very glaring errors in copying. These errors were of course preserved in all copies originating from the first copy, along with whatever other errors the next scribe introduced.

      Errors that crop up in succession can thus alter the fundamental meaning of a passage to the extent that it's no longer commensurate with what the original author actually meant! Accordingly, it is absolutely vital in examining as multifarious a text as the New Testament that as many ancient manuscripts and papyri fragments from as many different traditions as possible be used to prepare an "emended" text that is as close to the original as possible. This is the work of the Nestle-Aland and UBS revisions of the New Testament, and their scholarship has provided a firm basis upon which the modern translations rest.

    2. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by young-earth · · Score: 1

      Not posting the answer in greek, since that would be more than a bit obscure. The Catholic manuscripts, Sinaiticus and Vaticanus, eliminate things like twelve verses of Mark and Acts 8:37 for example. A number of other changes are in there. If you want a comprehensive list of version differences, see "New Age Bible Versions" by Gail Riplinger.

    3. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by Samrobb · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Going from memory, here. But IIRC, the differences are significant - one the order of 10% of the text. CT translations are missing, among other things, the Great Comission, references to Christ as deity, and the Johannine Comma. Proponents of the CT like to insist that the differences cause no fundamental change in doctrine, ignoring the doctrine of preservation. The early writings of the Church fathers also tend to support the TR over the CT, for example:

      Well, now they had my attention and interest, but I still wasn't convinced. Finally, after I had bought the entire 11 volume set of early church writings (Ante-Nicene Fathers) from Jesus' time to 300 AD, I noticed that it had a Scripture reference for every single scripture quoted every where in all 10 volumes (11th. is the reference volume). I got an idea. I started to look up all the verses that were supposedly changed or omitted by the modern translations as compared to the KJV. The verses quoted by the early fathers don't read exactly like any translation we have, but guess what?

      Yes. In every case, not only did one, but two or three early church pastors, elders, bishops in different times, in different geographical areas (as communication wasn't so good back then), quote the verses essentially with the same content and similar words as the KJV or NKJV. I also found them quoting the verses that were omitted in the new translations. I used to have a detailed study of each verse, who quoted it and how it was worded, by the KJV and modern translation. In every case, it was similar to the KJV.

      Now that convinced me. There can be no logical argument against that. If the Textus Receptus had added words and verses to the pure text, as claimed by our smiling modern scholars, then why did the early church have the same ones added to their quotations? It is true that the modern translations are based on the oldest semi-complete N.T. manuscripts: Sinaiaticus, Vaticanicus, and Alexandrius, but they ignore the early church's earlier testimony, including the 5,000 complete, but newer manuscripts (after 500 AD), and the fragments we DO have of 1st. & 2nd. century manuscripts which basically support the Textus Receptus as well.

      You might also be interested in reading In Defense of Erasmus for a similar view. Keep in mind that the KJV is a translation, and is not inspired - it is a good, accurate, and useful translation, but it itself is not inspired. The difference between the two views can be significant.
      --
      "Great men are not always wise: neither do the aged understand judgement." Job 32:9
    4. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by Avallach95 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      There are a number of issues at hand here. First, it's important to realize that copies of the GNT are generally compiled from multiple sources using the available documents. Where there exists doubt or variation among the documents, these are footnoted and referenced in the text. Within the Nestle-Aland 26th edition, approximately 1/4-1/3 of each page is taken up by those footnotes. The vast majority of those are very simple changes. For instance:

      Opening pretty randomly to Mark 7:7, we see "mataen de sebontai me, didaskontes didaskalias * entalmata anthropwn", which roughly translates as "But in vain do they worship me, teaching (as) teachings (the) doctrines of man", with the words in () added for clarity. If we examine the footnote * (actually an upside down T, but whatever.), we find that P45 (papyrus #45, a 3rd century manuscript in Austria) inserts "Kai" into that space. Kai means "And", leaving us with "But in vain do they worship me, teaching teachings and doctrines of men." The change is at best subtle, and has little to no effect on the meaning of the text. The great majority of notations are similar to this one.

      There are some that are more problematic, such as John 1:27, however. "o opisw mou epxomenos, ou ouk eimi egw agios ina lusw autou ton imanta tou upodaematos." Roughly "The after me one is coming, (and) I am not worthy to loose the strap of his sandle." But the footnote adds "ekeinos umas baptizei en pneumati agio kai puri." to the end of the verse, which roughly menas "He (was appointed?) baptize you with the holy spirit and with fire. ()'s in this case indicate that I'm unsure of that translation and don't have the leisure time to verify it at the moment. However, this addition occurs in a single sixth century copy of the Gospels, and is likely cross contamination from Matthew 3 where a similar wording is used.

      Much of the talk that the existing manuscripts are "corrupted" is largely a waste of breath. If they are, and I'll gladly hold that they could be, the other manuscripts are noted and the reader is able to review the evidence for themselves. Obviously the editors of NA26 had to make some judgement calls, but the information is always available to double check their scholarship and make one's own call.

      One classic example of the scholarship issues with those who hold that the KJV is from an uncorrupted manuscript occurs in Acts 8:37. Go look it up in the NIV. You'll find it as a footnote, at best. In the KJV it's a part of the accepted text. Now why is this? It's because between the translation of the KJV and the NIV earlier manuscripts were uncovered and studied. The earliest occurance of verse 37 in the text is found around the 6th century AD. Manuscripts before that time make no mention of those words at all. Advances in archaeology and scholarship have resulted in clarifications of the original text.

      Hope that's helpful!

    5. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by young-earth · · Score: 1

      As you say, "Hebrew scribal tradition was brilliant and included a number of error checking and correction methodologies". The majority of the early Church was Jewish, so the initial copying was done with at least as much care as had led to the earlier fidelity in copying.

      Note that the Vaticanus and Sinaiticus manuscripts have large numbers of substantive differences between them, which academics insist require great scholarship to derive a text from (the Critical Text viewpoint). Whereas God puts the cookies where everyman can get them; the TR or Majority Text has only trivial differences (place names, spelling of people's names, that sort of thing) between thousands of sources. There is better general agreement among the thousands of TR and MT sources than the two principal sources of the critical text, Vaticanus and Sinaiticus.

      After all, Sinaiticus was found in a bin about to be burned when Tischendorff found it in the 1800s. Even the monks knew it was trash. To base a Bible on something that they full well knew to be garbage and were about to burn is, well, draw your own conclusions.

    6. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by BigBir3d · · Score: 1

      What is really interesting, that you point out in a way, is that the Bible is supposed to be generally accepted as the word of God. How can it? At best it might be "my friends cousins sisters mother-in-laws great-aunts next door neighbors" version of the word of God. This controversy surrounding the Bible is why I can not accept it as "proof" of anything in relation to the existance of God or Jesus etc. And yes, I prefer "proof" to "faith."

    7. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by operagost · · Score: 1

      I'll bet I can find a citation of Acts 8:37 from a Church father from the 3rd century or later. Considering that all but a handful of verses from the NT are cited by these sources, my chances are good.

      --

      Gamingmuseum.com: Give your 3D accelerator a rest.
    8. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by revery · · Score: 1

      So if you knew that what you held in your hands was the original copy of a book wherein the author claimed to have been inspired by God to write about a Jew named Jesus Christ who claimed to be the Son of God, you would consider it as proof for the text being the Word of God?

      The removal of faith from the Christian position, is effective to render it pointless. You can not prove Christ is the Son of God any more than you can prove that you exist... any more than you can prove anything at all.

      Determine what it is you believe about Jesus Christ who claimed to be the Son of God and then go from there. Everything else is merley posturing.

      If Jesus is the Christ, it changes everything...

      --

      Was it the sheep climbing onto the altar, or the cattle lowing to be slain,
      or the Son of God hanging dead and bloodied on a cross that told me this was a world condemned, but loved and bought with blood.

    9. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by BigBir3d · · Score: 2

      No.

      I can prove I exist, but I can not prove what I am.

      There was no proof that Jesus was the son of God. There is no proof that there is a God. There is no proof that the Bible is the word of said unproven God.

      The Bible, and the idea of God, was a way for the few in power to remain in power. It was a convenient way to herd a bunch of illiterates into believing what they were told, and to act in a certain manner, or else they would suffer eternal damnation.

      It's all a crock of shit. I am not a sheep, I am a free thinking individual whom does not need a shepherd. Religion is becoming more irrelevant every passing day. Funny how as the level of education goes up, the level of religious "faith" goes down.

    10. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by revery · · Score: 1

      The existence of God is an axiomatic truth.

      The existence of a Savior is not.

      I can prove I exist, but I can not prove what I am.

      Ok, go for it.

      If you can prove you exist, you are God. I'm betting someone else if the self existant one.

      I'm betting that your opinion won't change mine. Hopefully I won't make the mistake of trying to change you with mine.

      Determine what you believe about Christ.

      Everything else is opinion.

      --

      Was it the sheep climbing onto the altar, or the cattle lowing to be slain,
      or the Son of God hanging dead and bloodied on a cross that told me this was a world condemned, but loved and bought with blood.

    11. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Funny how as the level of education goes up, the level of religious "faith" goes down.
      It's not funny, it's sad. People found that they couldn't educate themselves to be God, so they rejected faith entirely.

      The "educated" tried to make themselves gods by declaring their own tenets to be true, and the ones that preceeded them to be not false, but incorrect. It's a quite clever arguement, but one suited for a classroom instead of the real world: "I declare you to be wrong and demand that you prove me wrong."
    12. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, it's I demand that you prove you are right. There is a difference.

    13. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by BigBir3d · · Score: 1

      If there was a Christ, he was but a man. Anything more is a delusion.

      Yours and mine are just opinions. Neither knows anything for certain.

    14. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by schmidt349 · · Score: 1

      Just as a brief footnote, it's important to remember that most of the so-called church fathers read the New Testament in Latin, either in the Old Latin version (which bordered on translationese) or the equally bad Vulgate, which Erasmus himself exposed as a terrible translation of the Greek.
      Consequently, any agreement between the church fathers and the TR can be said to be essentially meaningless to understanding the text.

    15. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      You said:
      it's important to remember that most of the so-called church fathers read the New Testament in Latin, either in the Old Latin version (which bordered on translationese) or the equally bad Vulgate, which Erasmus himself exposed as a terrible translation of the Greek.
      Consequently, any agreement between the church fathers and the TR can be said to be essentially meaningless to understanding the text
      Not when the fathers were quoting verses that are entirely absent in the corrupt manuscripts.
    16. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by flyneye · · Score: 1

      Memory fades as to which is which translation but i recall a lively discussion over " the meek shall inherit the earth" vs " the resilliant shall inherit the earth" and whether or not it was more important to the church(then) to have meek or resilliant subjects.

      --
      *Repent!Quit Your Job!Slack Off!The World Ends Tomorrow and You May Die!
    17. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      OK, it's been a weekend -- where is it?

    18. Re:Just outta curiousity.... by ddimas · · Score: 1

      Sts Basil the Great, John Chrisostom, Athanasisus the Great, they all spoke, read, and wrote in Greek.

  54. James didn't establish church of England by siskbc · · Score: 1
    One thing to note are the political motivations behind the translation of the King James Bible. This translation was mandated to be used in all Church of England services, IIRC. It was instrumental in helping King James wrest control of England from the Catholic church to the Church of England (controlled by the monarch, i.e. James himself).

    While an English translation was probably aimed to get control over the people compared to the church, James did not establish a separate church without the pope as its head. This was done by Hnery VIII in 1534's since the pope wouldn't annul his marriage to Catherine. He set up the church of England, with himself as head, and he annulled his own marriage, no thanks to the pope.

    James, grandson of Henry and Anne Boleyn, did reinforce the Church of England, however, and the English bible would have fit with this motive.

    Here's a link on Church of England History.

    --

    -Looking for a job as a materials chemist or multivariat

    1. Re:James didn't establish church of England by kalidasa · · Score: 1

      Yes, though buried in the previous poster's comment, there is a truth. The generation after Henry saw sudden shifts of power back and forth between Catholics and Protestants: from Edward, to Mary, to Elizabeth (bypassing the whole Jane Grey issue for the moment). Elizabeth faced a big Catholic coup attempt. Even in the time of James' grandson James II, who was Catholic, there was always the possibility that the English church might be forced back by a Catholic monarch or some kind of coup - but William of Orange was brought in and a bloodless coup (the "Glorious Revolution") assured the status of the Church of England from then on. So the KJV was definitely part of a strenuous effort on James's part to maintain a separate, Protestant CoE.

  55. Re:Bible was translated??? Damnable LIES by iggymanz · · Score: 1

    you're close, they were Latin speaking white blond-haired swedish looking guys who wore arab clothing. Just look at all the paintings.

  56. Re:i think that this article is offtopic by smittyoneeach · · Score: 1

    Translation is really at the heart of software.
    How do you
    a) recognize the information in whatever you define as reality, and
    b) express that information in another language?
    c) maintain that expressed information over time?
    The KJV is a great example of a porting attempt that is either a monument to its new language or a dog what won't hunt, depending upon whom you talk to.
    The best comment on the effort was offered in advance by one of the source authors, Qoheleth:
    "...vanity of vanities; all is vanity. What profit hath a man of all his labour which taketh under the sun?" (Eccl1:2,3)
    IMHO, there is more bass in the KJV mix in these 'wisdom' portions, for all more modern translations are easier on the eye.

    --
    Get thee glass eyes, and, like a scurvy politician, seem to see things thou dost not.--King Lear
  57. Amazon has both books MUCH cheaper! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    1. Re:Amazon has both books MUCH cheaper! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Wow, but it uses your Amazon Associates link to bump up your stats. Just take that "ccat" ending off and you're good to go.

    2. Re:Amazon has both books MUCH cheaper! by garymedina · · Score: 0

      They're even MUCH cheaper even if you purchase used copies, as low as $1.98!!

    3. Re:Amazon has both books MUCH cheaper! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      why are you jealous of him, moron, just do the same thing if you want the commission instead. Otherwise, you're just giving Amazon a couple of $$ you could have gotten.

  58. OT: .sig correction by delorean · · Score: 1
    I hate to to do this to this wonderful discussion, but I must offer a correction to your sig:
    The problem with computer viruses is they don't select the unskilled users out of the population.

    It should read:
    The problem with computer viruses is they don't remove the unskilled users out of the world|online|general population.

    That is much more clearer... don't you think?

    --
    "You may all go to hell and I will go to Texas"
    Sen. Davy Crocket to US Congress, Nov. 1, 1835
  59. Obligatory HHGttG Quote: by PhxBlue · · Score: 2, Funny

    "Now it is such a bizarrely improbable coincidence that anything so mindboggingly useful could have evolved purely by chance that some thinkers have chosen to see it as the final and clinching proof of the non-existence of God.

    "The argument goes something like this: `I refuse to prove that I exist,' says God, `for proof denies faith, and without faith I am nothing.'

    "`But,' says Man, `The Babel fish is a dead giveaway, isn't it? It could not have evolved by chance. It proves you exist, and so therefore, by your own arguments, you don't. QED.'

    "`Oh dear,' says God, `I hadn't thought of that,' and promptly vanished in a puff of logic.

    "`Oh, that was easy,' says Man, and for an encore goes on to prove that black is white and gets himself killed on the next zebra crossing."

    --
    !#@%*)anks for hanging up the phone, dear.
  60. King James translation of "baptizo" by dotgod · · Score: 2, Interesting

    One interesting thing about the translation of the Bible into English was the transliteration of the word "baptizo". In Greek this work means to dip or immerse. This translation was done under the rule of the English King James (duh!) who was part of the Church of England (Anglican/Episcopal Church). The word baptizo was not translated directly into english, but was transliterated. The new word "baptize" was invented at that time. The reason for this transliteration was that royalty had to be part of the church, into which they were introduced by Anglican baptism, which involves springkling water onto the heads of infants. To literally translate baptize into immerse would imply that all the royal officals were not part of the church since they had not recieved a valid baptism

  61. That's a challenge right there... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If geneticists could indeed create even a single-celled organism using completely artificial means using basic hydrogen-carbon groups and the resulting entitity does come alive, what would that mean? Could we take such advancement as ultimate proof that god is not necessary for life and likely does not exist?

    1. Re:That's a challenge right there... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Even if "god is not necessary for life," that says nothing about the likeliness of his existence.

  62. Yes you can... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    How to dominate other /.ers

    1a. Create account 1, whore karma till good or excellent.
    b. Create account 2, whore karma till good or excellent. ... Lather rinse, repeat.
    2. Post using account 1.
    3. Mod up using account n, which currently has modpoints.
    4. In case you don't like someone's reply, nuke him with -1 Troll.

    27 accounts and counting... =)

  63. Some related books on archeological decipherment: by grouchomarxist · · Score: 1


    The Story of Decipherment: From Egyptian Hieroglyphs to Maya Script by Maurice Pope covers the Egyptian Hieroglyphs along with other decipherments. The author goes into detail on earlier decipherment attempts and reasons why it took such a long time to decipher. The history of the attempt to decipher hieroglyphs goes back well before the discovery of the Rosetta stone.

    Lost Languages: The Enigma of the World's Undeciphered Scripts by Andrew Robinson also covers the Egyptian Hieroglyphs and some other decipherments. However, the focus of the book is on semi- or un- deciphered scripts. There are a number of scripts which will probably never be deciphered.

    Andrew Robinson's other books are also worth checking out including The Man Who Deciphered Linear B: The Story of Michael Ventris.

  64. Re:/. merges with Kuro5hin by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Oh I don't know, Linguistics has always been a pretty nerdy enterprise. And even though a lot of /.ers tend to downplay religion, the fact is that religion has played a huge role in the development of our so-called "advanced" world. In other words, it's nerdy and relevant.

  65. Which God? Which Religion? by hpulley · · Score: 2, Insightful

    My problem with the argument that it might just be the real thing from a real God, is that I must ask the question, which God? Which Religion? Who is right? Who is wrong? Is Sunday the day off or Saturday? Does a being which created the universe really care? Are all the prophets right? How can they be?

    From the outside looking in at all the different religions with their different teachings (no matter how you try to reconcile the differences, some remain), it is obvious to an atheist that at least some of the beliefs are wrong. Each incompatible diety cannot have created the universe. If one of them did, then the rest of them do not exist but try telling that to all the different believers.

    Is there room for a God in the universe? Sure, but I won't believe in one and certainly won't worship one based upon ancient texts alone. Asking begged questions doesn't help either.

    --
    $#!^ happens, but why does it always have to happen to me???
  66. No, that's Noah by MickLinux · · Score: 1
    Armageddon is something completely different, as far as I can tell: that is, I don't see any obvious asteroid strikes in it.

    But if you want really obvious asteroid strikes (seems to have been in the Persian Gulf, causing in addition a hurricane from the heat released), try the story of Noah. But don't get it just from the Bible -- take it from the Epic of Gilgamesh. Shamash had set a stated time:
    'In the morning I will let loaves of bread shower down,
    and in the evening a rain of wheat!
    Go inside the boat, seal the entry!'
    That stated time had arrived.
    In the morning he let loaves of bread shower down, and in the evening a rain of wheat.
    I watched the appearance of the weather--
    the weather was frightful to behold!
    I went into the boat and sealed the entry.
    For the caulking of the boat, to Puzuramurri, the boatman,
    I gave the palace together with its contents.
    Just as dawn began to glow
    there arose from the horizon a black cloud.
    Adad rumbled inside of it,
    before him went Shullat and Hanish,
    heralds going over mountain and land.
    Erragal pulled out the mooring poles,
    forth went Ninurta and made the dikes overflow.
    The Anunnaki lifted up the torches,
    setting the land ablaze with their flare.
    Stunned shock over Adad's deeds overtook the heavens,
    and turned to blackness all that had been light.
    The... land shattered like a... pot.
    All day long the South Wind blew ...,
    blowing fast, submerging the mountain in water,
    overwhelming the people like an attack.

    Anyhow, in the region of the persion gulf, you do have about 8 feet of bottom mud all radiocarbon dating to the same year, about 5 or 8000 BC (sorry, it's hard to remember, and I don't see a good web reference off hand).

    No matter: it isn't just made up.

    --
    Correct Horse Battery Staple: 72 bits of entropy. Enter "Correct H" into google. When it generates the phrase, that's
  67. NET Bible by superyooser · · Score: 1

    The New English Translation is a free translation of the Scriptures with extensive translator's and study notes. I couldn't bookmark it fast enough when I saw what a fantastic tool it is.

  68. Since Slashdot has become a linguistics site... by fuqqer · · Score: 0

    Why don't we send some of the original bible texts to the last few slashdot stories about automatic computer translation?

    I can see it now...The King Taco translation: "In the beginning, there was ATT who begat UNIX, who begat Novell, who begat SCO, who claims to have begat all code ever written.

    But in all seiousness, linguistics might be a science, and we're all nerds. These translation articles are getting old like the SCO jokes (bad joke intended).

  69. About that trash can by A+nonymous+Coward · · Score: 1

    I would suggest a much more likely reason for monks to be burning an old manuscript was not because it was imprecise, but because it was politically wrong, ie, it disagreed with current church teachings. It was trash only in the sense of being politically incorrect.

    This seems a much more likely concusion to draw.

    1. Re:About that trash can by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Possible, but true in this case. See the Sinaiticus manuscript has many changes from the true (Textus Receptus) manuscripts that are very favorable to the weird Catholic and Orthodox churches. Things like the removal of Acts 8:37 for instance.

      So it was in fact favorable (or politically correct to use current vernacular) to the church which ran the monastery. Yet even so it was in the burn pile.

  70. So gods are inept? by A+nonymous+Coward · · Score: 1

    Seems to me, if I were an/the all knowing, all powerful god, it would not be in my best interest to let all these bogus copies float around, and let my words be corrupted into so many different ambiguous versions.

    As for taking the safe bet that there just might be a god who could condemn me for bad thoughts ... which god should I choose?

  71. The God part of the brain by DigiShaman · · Score: 1

    Personally, I believe in an afterlife... But after reading The God part of the brain, I feel the depressing reality of logic at hand. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0966036700/ qid%3D1059766886/sr%3D11-1/ref%3Dsr%5F11%5F1/103-6 383081-9437440

    --
    Life is not for the lazy.
  72. Not At All Debunked-Latest Scholarship Supports by Modular · · Score: 1

    Much of the research that has 'debunked' Joseph Smith's translation has been debunked. See Papyri & Book of Abraham Articles, Analysis & Reviews for the articles which refute the debunkers.

    Read both and decide for yourself which is the more scholarly research.

    James 1:5 - If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all men liberally and upbraideth not, and it shall be given him.

  73. Boring by waldoj · · Score: 1

    The book may be interesting (I haven't read it), but Linear B is boring. Lots of records of goats changing hands and the like. I started on it until I realized that there wasn't anything written in Linear B that I actually wanted to read. I found Egyptian Hieroglyphics far more interesting.

    Plus, KMT rocks my socks. Take that, Linear B!

    -Waldo Jaquith

  74. ..but are they good reads? by nilenico · · Score: 1
    I read both books a while ago, and my reaction was, as far as I can remember:

    "The Keys of Egypt" - very interesting topic, a pity the storytelling wasn't any better (I thought it was a bit boring).
    "In the Beginning" - equally interesting topic, good read, might even want to read it again some day.

    Of course, I am not in the least an expert on the subject matters, and the authors could be lying through their teeth about these things for all I know, but that was what I thought as a Reader!

    --
    .sig? No.
  75. The other Noah source is in... "In the beginning"! by MickLinux · · Score: 1
    Surprise... it seems that the other reference, about the archeological information, is in a book called "In the beginning"!

    Anyhow, here's a link, with sample text:



    "In 1929, the English archaeologist Sir Charles Woolley reported finding water-deposited layers as much as ten feet thick in excavations near the Euphrates..."

    - Isaac Asimov, In The Beginning, (1981) pp. 153-154



    "...Evidence of a major flood just over 6,000 years ago has been found around Ur, where a layer of water-laid clay two and a half meters deep covers an area of more than 100,000 square kilometers. This amounts to a spread across the entire width of the Tigris-Euphrates valley from north of modern Baghdad to the coast of the Persian Gulf in what now includes parts of Iraq, Iran and Kuwait."

    - Christopher Knight & Robert Lomas, The Hiram Key: Pharaohs, Freemasons and the Discovery of the Secret Scrolls of Jesus


    --
    Correct Horse Battery Staple: 72 bits of entropy. Enter "Correct H" into google. When it generates the phrase, that's
  76. Pascal by RedHat_Linux_Man · · Score: 1

    Here is a decision matrix based on Blaise Pascal's wager (one of the world's most prestigious mathematicians):

    GOD EXISTS | GOD DOESN'T EXIST

    BELIEVE IN GOD Eternal Bliss | Just die, nothing more

    DON'T BELIEVE Eternal Agony | Just die, nothing more

    If religion (Christianity in my case) is a big scam, how come countless millions since the creation of the world have followed God and been willingly martyred for his glory?

  77. Interesting. by handy_vandal · · Score: 1

    Interesting.

    --
    -kgj
  78. Hmm, by blah1019 · · Score: 0

    While the "crack" comment might be true, the "getting run over by the car" comment might be considered over-the-top. LOL

  79. Bad logic and detectives by fm6 · · Score: 1
    Technically, you're talking about Affirming the consquent. And judging from the news, it's pretty popular in police departments.

    But then again, a good theory doesn't have to be logically irrefutable. Science, history, and yes, criminal justice are full of theories that are valued mainly for their explanatory power. Circumstancial evidence (the butler had access to the fatal candlestick, the butler cannot acount for his whereabout when the crime was committed) can't irrefutably prove that the butler did it. But it can be strong enough to convict the butler, if there's so much of it that alternative theories cease to be plausible.