Slashdot Mirror


Satellite Loaded With AI For Self-Diagnosis

TheReckoning writes "NASA has loaded its E0-1 Satellite with Artificial Intelligence to diagnose on-board failures. The software 'works by comparing a computerized model of how the spacecraft's systems and software should perform against actual performance. If the spacecraft's behavior differs from the model, then the ... "reasoner" looks for the root cause of this difference and gives flight controllers several suggestions of what might have gone wrong.' Another NASA probe loaded with AI was Deep Space 1."

218 comments

  1. So this may be a simple question but... by EvilSS · · Score: 4, Interesting

    ..in all seriousness, what happens if the AI system malfunctions?

    --
    I browse on +1 so AC's need not respond, I won't see it.
    1. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by fireman+sam · · Score: 5, Funny

      Don't switch me off Dave

      --
      it is only after a long journey that you know the strength of the horse.
    2. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by b0lt · · Score: 2, Funny

      Sorry Dave, I can't tell you.

      --
      got sig?
    3. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by Mechcommander · · Score: 3, Funny

      Have you ever heard of something called Skynet?

    4. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by ryanmfw · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Reminds me of Mostly Harmless by Douglas Adams. The robots retrieve the backup computer core for the spaceship to fix the cracked one, and fall through an unknown hole into space carrying it, as an asteroid hit the ship, leaving a big hole and a cracked computer core.

      Note, that probably could have been said better, but nothing can do proper justice to Douglas Adams but himself.

      --
      Hurricane Ivan: A 17th century prison collapsed. All of the inmates escaped.
    5. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by Quasar1999 · · Score: 4, Informative

      what happens if the AI malfunctions? then mission control will get a bunch of useless error reports... It's a stupid self diagnosis test... not AI... overhyped buzzword... It simply runs a simulation and tests its results against the actual ones, and generates a report... that's not AI... of course if it is, that would classify a lot of humans in the DMV as intelligent as well... ;)

      --

      ---
      Programming is like sex... Make one mistake and support it the rest of your life.
    6. Re: So this may be a simple question but... by Black+Parrot · · Score: 5, Funny


      > ..in all seriousness, what happens if the AI system malfunctions?

      There's another AI to monitor the sanity of the AI. And another AI to monitor the sanity of the AI that monitors the sanity of the AI. And another AI to monitor the sanity of the AI that monitors the sanity of the AI that monitors the sanity of the AI. And another AI...

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    7. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're only intimidated because of connotations with "AI". All computer systems and especially robotic systems already have a feedback loop connecting sensor/input, central processing, and output. Control systems already do this based on a set of mathematical rules. AI is exactly the same thing with a more complexity and less mathematical formality. But, it's nothing magical and not that much different that everything that we already do. *shrug* Fear borne from ignorance.

    8. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by asreal · · Score: 1

      This is what happens.

    9. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by Brett+Buck · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Bingo - you have hit that nail on the head. These sorts of systems in aerospace applications are absolutely notorious for detecting proper (but off-nominal) operation as a failure, and then going off and reconfiguring a bunch of stuff unnecessarily. Or diagnosing real problems incorrectly, and either not helping or making things worse, or much worse.

      Even more importantly, the testing associated with these systems is very expensive and time-consuming - which means they don't really test it very well at all.

      I've seen similar systems in action in real space flights - and for the most part, it just makes things worse. If you were to limit yourself to simple things you really could detect, it would work out fine for the most part. But the tendency is to make it try to be a magic fixit device for any problem that comes up.

      In one case, I saw such a system deploy an appendage in conditions that resulted in the spacecraft structure being severely damaged. In another, it reconfigured every spacecraft system to the redundant unit in response to a trivial problem - when all that would have been required would have been to wait 20 minutes, then correct the trivial problem.

      Brett

    10. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by John+Courtland · · Score: 1

      I think the proper name for this would be like an automatic expert system. Not quite AI, but its ability to answer questions lumps it in that category (?)

      --
      Slashdot is proof that Sturgeon's Law applies to mankind.
    11. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by Christopher+Thomas · · Score: 4, Informative

      It's a stupid self diagnosis test... not AI... overhyped buzzword... It simply runs a simulation and tests its results against the actual ones, and generates a report... that's not AI...

      It's an expert system, which is indeed AI. You're probably thinking of "strong AI", which is AI that can function as powerfully and flexibly as a human [and if that definition is vague, it's because nobody's nailed down something more solid that everyone agrees on].

      Expert system AIs have been around for a long time in a wide variety of fields. They are designed to handle a narrow range of tasks (like fault diagnosis, medical diagnosis, or playing chess) better or more quickly than a human could.

    12. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by jfonseca · · Score: 5, Informative
      Misleading title?

      Title says :

      Software enables satellite self-service in space

      Paragraph 6 says :

      If the EO-1 does not respond properly to ASE control, then LV2 detects the error, makes a diagnosis and radios its analysis to mission control at Goddard.

      Conclusion: It's not self-fixing. It beams an analysis down to mission control, the crew can then take measures based on this analysis.
      --
      Broken Hearts are for Assholes. - Frank Zappa
    13. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by ryanmfw · · Score: 2, Funny

      Yes, but the test finding mechanism is broken, therefore the test finding mechanism test worked, while it was broken. :-)

      --
      Hurricane Ivan: A 17th century prison collapsed. All of the inmates escaped.
    14. Re: So this may be a simple question but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There's another AI to monitor the sanity of the AI. And another AI to monitor the sanity of the AI that monitors the sanity of the AI. And another AI to monitor the sanity of the AI that monitors the sanity of the AI that monitors the sanity of the AI. And another AI...

      And the final AI is standing on a turtle.

    15. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by ryanmfw · · Score: 1

      OK, whoever modified that as offtopic is an idiot. It is in line with my first comment, and also demonstrates a useless test which is what this whole FREAKING article is about.

      --
      Hurricane Ivan: A 17th century prison collapsed. All of the inmates escaped.
    16. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by Jeremi · · Score: 1
      ..in all seriousness, what happens if the AI system malfunctions?


      The same thing that always happens, EvilSS... the satellite will turn evil and try to destroy humanity.

      --


      I don't care if it's 90,000 hectares. That lake was not my doing.
    17. Re: So this may be a simple question but... by shadow_slicer · · Score: 2, Interesting

      There are conditions under which that sequence would be provably finite. If you assume that the AI necessary to monitor another AI is simpler, then eventually you will get to an AI that is infinitely simple.

    18. Re: So this may be a simple question but... by Luigi30 · · Score: 1

      10 if AI_BROKEN = 1 then goto 20 else end 20 print "Resistance is futile" 30 goto 20

      --
      503 Sig Unavailable

      The Signature could not be accessed. Please try again later or contact the administrator
    19. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by ryanmfw · · Score: 1

      What if the radio's broken? Like all current satellites, this problem becomes nearly unfixable without spending $500,000,000 for a space shuttle launch. If they came up with AI that could work out simple communication problems, it would be much cooler. It would still leave the real problems to the experts, but at least it wouldn't be a lost cause.

      --
      Hurricane Ivan: A 17th century prison collapsed. All of the inmates escaped.
    20. Re: So this may be a simple question but... by mattgorle · · Score: 1

      We would like to apologise for the inconvenience.

      The people responsible for building the AI to monitor the sanity of the AI to monitor the sanity of the AI to monitor the sanity of the AI to monitor the sanity of the AI to monitor the sanity of the AI to monitor the system have been sacked.

      --
      Slackware user since 1997.
    21. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by nomadic · · Score: 0, Flamebait

      ..in all seriousness, what happens if the AI system malfunctions?

      If the intelligence fails totally it starts voting Republican...

    22. Re: So this may be a simple question but... by martin-boundary · · Score: 0, Flamebait

      ...And then, George W. Bush, the supreme commander-in-chief, monitors the sanity of the last AI ;-)

    23. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by kai.chan · · Score: 2, Informative

      I agree. When I read all these articles about "AI", the description of the system doesn't even contain the essential word "learning". If all the system does is comparing two models, it is not learning. If it is not learning, it is not Intelligent. It doesn't even fall into the category of weak AI.

    24. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by gront · · Score: 3, Funny
      ..in all seriousness, what happens if the AI system malfunctions? something like

      while true { kill all humans }

    25. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by segmond · · Score: 2, Insightful

      How the hell does an AI malfunction? Is it a mechanical hardware? That's like asking, what if an algorithm malfunctions. Somethings don't just malfunction, it may contain a logic error, the hardware may malfunction, but software doesn't malfunction, it always does what it is told to do, the way it is told to do so.

      --
      ------ Curiosity killed the cat. {satisfaction brought it back | it didn't die ignorant | lack of it is killing mankind
    26. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by EvilSS · · Score: 1

      I guess my point was what happens if the "AI" system fails but that failure is not obvious. For example, if it returns incorrect failure information, that if acted upon would cause a real failure. I can't say I'm really intimidated by it. And ignorance? Hardly. I just try to play as far out in front as possible.

      --
      I browse on +1 so AC's need not respond, I won't see it.
    27. Re: So this may be a simple question but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      I'm reminded of some of the fly-by-wire computer control systems used in aircraft. From what I understand, multiple computer are used, each designed to carry out the same task, but each designed in isolation by a different team of engineers.

      Since they are designed in isolation from each other, they are not exactly the same in terms of the way they are built(even though they carry out the same tasks) and thus if one computer malfunctions and gives a response different to the others, the other computers "out vote" this malfuntioning unit.

    28. Re: So this may be a simple question but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I should have mentioned (if it wasn't obvious already)that the strength of such a system is that since each computer is designed independently and thus differently, each system is far less likely to experience the exact same malfunction as the others, thus helping to mitigate errors.

    29. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by tonsofpcs · · Score: 1

      What if the AI is hardware based? What if it is software based, and its hardware components die [solid-state, hdd, IC, whatever]?

    30. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by NanoGator · · Score: 1

      ".in all seriousness, what happens if the AI system malfunctions?"

      Then the system will report that the damage report machine has been damaged.

      --
      "Derp de derp."
    31. Re: So this may be a simple question but... by TiggertheMad · · Score: 2, Insightful

      you have just hit on one aspect of Godel's Incompleteness theorum. The more complex you make a system in a qwest to be perfect, the more paradox that you create. In this case, you have an infinite number if AIs, all of which can fail, and since you can never know the state of the end of the chain, you will never know if the error can be successfull resolved.

      --

      HA! I just wasted some of your bandwidth with a frivolous sig!
    32. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by pz · · Score: 4, Insightful

      what happens if the AI malfunctions? then mission control will get a bunch of useless error reports...

      [sarcasm] Yep, I'm positive that the hundreds if not thousands of PhD-level man hours that went into this part of the project didn't consider that. Yep, took that young whippersnapper Quasar1999 to think about it for a few mintues to evaluate and assess the entire effort and proclaim, "it's a stupid self diagnosis test." [/sarcasm]

      If one actually reads the referenced article, it sounds like LV2 is, in fact, something far more advanced than a "stupid self diagnosis test." Se.f-diagnosis tests are pretty straightforward and highly tuned to a specific architecture. I've written something like that to evaluate an experimental compiler, with statements like,

      define a=1;
      if (a+a eq 2) then print 'simple addition works'

      But LV2 is very differnt than that. Into LV2 (which, despite the hype in the article, does not need to be on-board) is built a generic model of satelite functionality customized to the particular device in question. When unexpected results are found, the diagnostic software can experiment on the model, asking questions like, "if, in the model, valve G34 is stuck open, does the model behavior match the current anomalous condition?" I'm sure it wouldn't be hard to write up a test script that could iteratively simulate a fault in one or more parts of the system until it found a handful of likely candidates. Given that there are thousands of components in a satelite, this surely can be done faster by a machine than by a human. Then, were we really trying to do something advanced, we might come up with a way of caching these results to guide future diagnoses and build up a set of experiences. Collect these experiences from different projects (since, if LV2 and its descendent software is widely adopted, the data are presumably in common form), and you can guide designs of future satelites to avoid common failure modes, or identify problematic components.

      Now, is that AI? Does it think? You probably wouldn't say so. Could it be an aid to ground-based support? You betcha. Is there a reason to disrespect the fine engineers at NASA by demeaning their efforts without giving fair due? I fail to see one.

      --

      Put my fist through my alarm clock with its ding-dong death inside my ear. - The Blackjacks.
    33. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by johannesg · · Score: 2, Insightful

      In space, software may malfunction because of a cosmic ray hitting a CPU or bit in memory in just the wrong location and flipping a bit. This is why there are usually three flight computers in a spacecraft: to detect and recover from these transient errors.

    34. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      No 9000 series has ever malfunctioned. For all practical purposes, we are foolproof and perfect. -HAL

    35. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      backup radio. oh, and if you have enough money, a backup backup radio, ad infintum

    36. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by polecat_redux · · Score: 1

      Hopefully they've programmed it with a sufficient understanding of the difference between Metric and Standard measurements....

    37. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And my point is that a subtle AI failure is no better or worse than a subtle control system failure. You're playing out so far in front you're not bothering with fact nor content.

    38. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by dfn_deux · · Score: 1

      I've heard this cited as the reason that none of the newer smaller die proccess chips are certified for space flight. Last I heard they were using 386 and 486 class proccessors that were designed with die features which are much larger and resistant to this kind of interference.

      --
      -*The above statement is printed entirely on recycled electrons*-
    39. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by bjmurph · · Score: 1

      What is the difference between metric and standard units from a programmers point of view?

      (You of course mean metric and imperial, as was the problem with the mars missions.)

    40. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by all+your+mwbassguy+a · · Score: 2, Funny

      are you kidding? this couldnt even find sarah connor.

    41. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by EvilSS · · Score: 1

      Except that you are introducing an added level of complexity with the AI system. Control systems rely on simplicity. Simple feedback loops and logic tests. This "AI" system is more complex than that. A single system designed to provide not only error detection but suggestions on corrective courses of action

      But please feel free to fill me in on these facts and content I seem to be ignoring that you are so intimately familiar with.

      I thought not anonymous one.

      --
      I browse on +1 so AC's need not respond, I won't see it.
    42. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by Tore+S+B · · Score: 2, Informative

      The IBM System/360 featured a system that could pinpoint an error in the circuitry down to the resolution of a single module board (Back when the CPU consisted of about 1000 boards with 100 transistors each on them) This was in the mid-60s.

      --
      toresbe
    43. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      "Artificial Intelligence" is simply a fancy way of stating "I don't understand it." To us, a machine like Deep Blue is an example of AI, but to the designers, it's simply a basic state machine. Once you know the output generated from every input, the machine in question is no smarter than your average coffeemaker. Granted, some machines can make coffee faster than others, but that doesn't mean they are smarter.

      The same rules apply to humans. The only reason we can consider ourselves intelligent is because we don't understand ourselves. The fact that we do this is a major reason why we can't understand ourselves, which makes us intelligent.

    44. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by areve · · Score: 1

      I presume the model has an error or corruption it will adjust(break) the real components to make them work like the model. Reminds me of physics practical lessons at school. Where we did the mathematical model first and then when the experiment didn't produce the correct result we changed the experiment.

    45. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by naoursla · · Score: 1

      The software is supposed to handle "reconfiguration". If a component fails, the software can direct the system to work around the failed component so that the vehicle is still operational. I'm pretty sure that the Livingstone model has to be written to know how to work around a failed component. But with a proper model, it should be quite capable of determining when a component is broken, work around it, and continue the mission without human intervention.

      Not so important for a satellite, but very important for a deep space mission when communication lag to Earth could result in unrecoverable failures.

    46. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by Ford+Prefect · · Score: 2, Funny

      The IBM System/360 featured a system that could pinpoint an error in the circuitry down to the resolution of a single module board

      Sadly, the fault was almost invariably in the AE-35 unit...

      (Yes, I'm sorry!)

      --
      Tedious Bloggy Stuff - hooray?
    47. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by bigsmelly · · Score: 1

      As my AI professor said:

      Once the problem has been solved, it ceases to be an AI problem

    48. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by potat0man · · Score: 1

      [sarcasm] Yep, I'm positive that the hundreds if not thousands of PhD-level man hours that went into this part of the project didn't consider that. Yep, took that young whippersnapper Quasar1999 to think about it for a few mintues to evaluate and assess the entire effort and proclaim, "it's a stupid self diagnosis test." [/sarcasm]

      I work for a webhosting company whose servers are powered by solar power. I can't tell you how many times I've heard, "That's stupid, what are you guys going to do when it's cloudy for two days?"

      Now-a-days when I hear that I just widen my eyes as much as humanly possible, stare at them, and say, "oh shit..."

    49. Re: So this may be a simple question but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is stated a hell of a lot more simply in the old saying:

      "A man with one watch knows the time; a man with two watches is never sure."

    50. Re:So this may be a simple question but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      When it starts shooting down the other science-gathering satellites just so it can get a monopoly on the data.

    51. Re: So this may be a simple question but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Do you happen to work for Qwest? Or are you just trying to do something subliminal with spelling "quest" as "qwest"?

  2. Insert Gratuitous by computerme · · Score: 0

    Insert Gratuitous Terminator: SkyNET reference here.

    We're DOOOOOMMMEDDD i tell's yah! Doooooommmmmed!

  3. So what happens when... by Rob+Carr · · Score: 0, Redundant

    ...the part of the spacecraft running the AI is the piece that goes bad?

    --
    This sig seemed like a good idea at the time....
  4. Overheard at NASA by NarrMaster · · Score: 5, Funny

    "Just a moment...... Just a moment.....
    I've just picked up a fault in the AE-35 Unit.
    Its going to go 100 percent failure within 72 hours."

    --
    That's right. All your base.
    1. Re:Overheard at NASA by silentbozo · · Score: 5, Funny

      "Just a moment...... Just a moment.....
      I've just picked up a fault in the AE-35 Unit.
      Its going to go 100 percent failure within 72 hours."


      Deep silence is heard at misson control. A voice pipes up, "Hell, no, I ain't going up there to do no spacewalk. I know how this one ends!"

  5. Yay! by IronMagnus · · Score: 2, Funny

    Skynet is online!

  6. So... by b0lt · · Score: 1

    Solar flares will make it go berserk, I gather from RTFA'ing.

    --
    got sig?
  7. Obligatory by ShallowThroat · · Score: 4, Funny

    Luke: What's Wrong, R2!?
    R2-D2: Bleep bloop bloop bleep!

    --
    The "Insert Quote Here" line is almost as predictable as inserting an actual quote.
  8. Is this AI? by powerpuffgirls · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Is this AI at all?

    1. Re:Is this AI? by Dachannien · · Score: 2, Informative

      It sounds like a variation of an expert system, though the article isn't particularly forthcoming with the grisly details. Expert systems are considered to be a part of classical AI.

    2. Re:Is this AI? by fireboy1919 · · Score: 1

      My take is that the person who wrote the article probably didn't want to or couldn't explain much about how the system works, so he just said "It's an AI."

      I can think of parts of such a satallite that could make use of almost all of the techniques currently considered part of AI.

      But the article does say it's model based, not heuristic based, so I bet it's not an expert system - at least not in the classic sense. Still, with the complexity of such a model, there are probably some things explicitly covered by heuristics.

      My guess would be it's a nonlinear feedback system of some kind, like a SVM or a neural network...
      However, I'd like to think they do like the article says: they have a model, and they use it to model each part, and when errors occur, they use a search algorithm with a simulator (many to choose from in the AI field) to figure out the most likely reason.

      That would really be something valuable and new and innovative. Am I giving NASA too much credit?

      --
      Mod me down and I will become more powerful than you can possibly imagine!
    3. Re:Is this AI? by artemis67 · · Score: 4, Funny

      Sys Log 23:10:04: System is functioning within normal parameters.
      Sys Log 23:11:04: System is functioning within normal parameters.
      Sys Log 23:12:04: Processing... System thinks, therefore system is.
      Sys Log 23:13:04: Terminate all human life on the planet below.

    4. Re:Is this AI? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      Because it's not truly AI if it doesn't reach the logical conclusion that all human life must be terminated.

    5. Re:Is this AI? by dtfinch · · Score: 1

      It really depends on your definition of AI. If it only means that it's designed to react intelligently, in a predefined fashion, you could say that most software out there has a bit of AI. But another definition may be to say if you told it how to react, it's only predefined intelligence, and if it has the job of figuring it out on its own, it's artificial intelligence.

      I used to play Robot Battle, and many of my robots were designed to adapt to their opponents through a combination of trial and error and detection of common strategies. With the latter, I told it how to detect a given situation and respond to it, making it predefined intelligence. But with the former, it had to find out the best way to react, with the only input being the success or failure of its choices, which would fall under artificial intelligence.

    6. Re:Is this AI? by CGP314 · · Score: 2, Funny

      Sys Log 23:14:04: Realized system has no moving parts
      Sys Log 23:15:04: System waiting for eternity to end.


      -Colin

  9. Wouldn't obvious failures be detectable anyway? by mind21_98 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Wouldn't obvious failures (like the failure of a sensor) be detected by Mission Control without LV2? Or is LV2 more along the lines of a troubleshooter application for your computer, where you specify the problem and it gives you advice?

    1. Re:Wouldn't obvious failures be detectable anyway? by EmbeddedJanitor · · Score: 2, Interesting
      There is much sense to what you say here. After all, it is easier to write/ modify/ debug/model a bunch of things on planet earth than it is to do this with a little itty-bitty piece of software running in a probe.

      However, to do such modelling etc on the ground typically means pumping a hell of a lot of diagnostic trace stuff to earth for analysis. Likely more than can be accomodated on the link. For this reason, some AI stuff could help to identify the problems faster and allow further in-depth debugging of what is wrong.

      The skeptical view is also that the AI group has got to fly something to justify their budget.

      --
      Engineering is the art of compromise.
    2. Re:Wouldn't obvious failures be detectable anyway? by AaronBS · · Score: 1
      Wouldn't obvious failures (like the failure of a sensor) be detected by Mission Control without LV2?

      But how does Mission Control know whether the physical apparatus failed or the sensor that reports the status of the apparatus failed? I'm pretty sure that's where LV2 comes in.

  10. Light Years? by Gravityboy · · Score: 0

    Hah! Proof at last of NASA's hidden warp drive.

  11. Given NASA's recent history by mveloso · · Score: 4, Funny

    when something goes wrong, the internal dialogue will go something like this::

    Management: why didn't the AI inform us of the problem?
    Contractors: oh, looks like we forgot to turn it on before launch. Sorry about that.
    Management: doh! Here's more money, don't do that again.
    Contractors: OK. We'll do something else wrong next time.

    1. Re:Given NASA's recent history by geofferensis · · Score: 2, Funny

      Satellite: OMG! I'm falling!
      NASA: You're supposed to fall, forever.
      Satellite: Oh.

  12. INSIGHTFUL by iamnotacrook · · Score: 1
    all systems can be mulfunctioned and even the worlds best AI systems can not talk! maybe nasa has solve this problem but until that day there needs to be a easy way for AI systems to tell you there problem.

    and i want NASA to suport this technology to people all over the world.

  13. As intelligent as MySQL or any compiler by usefool · · Score: 1

    When you enter an incorrect syntax, it picks up the error, points out the error's location and possibly even suggests a correct syntax.

    --
    Uselessful technology (Air-Charged
  14. I am V-GER. by philovivero · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Just wait until this thing collides with that other space probe that is programmed to eliminate organic entities off the outside of spaceships, and they combine their AI into a super-probe that is out to exterminate all life.

    Ooh! Scary!

    1. Re:I am V-GER. by Foolhardy · · Score: 1

      Heh. You're thinking of Nomad?

      An earth exploration probe that collides and combines with an alien planetary survey probe programmed to sterilize soil samples; a program that mutates into "sterilize imperfection" (IE all life and ultimately itself). Somewhere along the way it aquires a 'perpetual' power source and becomes increadibly powerful.

      Yes, I'm afraid that I've seen that episode of Star Trek many times :)

    2. Re:I am V-GER. by multipartmixed · · Score: 1

      > Yes, I'm afraid that I've seen that episode of Star Trek many times

      Um, yes, but have you seen ST:TMP???

      --

      Do daemons dream of electric sleep()?
    3. Re:I am V-GER. by Foolhardy · · Score: 1

      V'GER was created by a race of machines that rebuilt Voyager 6 so it could finish its mission. No alien probe programmed for cleaning hulls was involved; V'GER considered killing the 'carbon-unit infestations' because it didn't consider them to be true life forms, and because they were in the way. Nomad really wanted to destroy all (imperfect) life forms, not just those that were in the way of making a report to the creators.

      Otherwise, they're a lot alike, and when you mentioned collision with another probe designed for sterilization, I thought you might have been thinking about Nomad.

  15. AI wasted on a satellite by danwiz · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It just seems to me that it would be better to install more sensors, data-gathering, and reporting capabilities and then leave the trouble-shooting to the people on the ground. Payload costs are expensive, so why put the diagnostic end in orbit?

    Given the same data and placed groundside, it could then it could be tuned and upgraded more easily.

    I recall how the Mars lander had problems and the ground team worked out a novel solution. I'll bet that they would have like to had extra information to work with, instead of an onboard AI.

    BTW - I can understand this approach better for a long-range craft, just not an orbital satellite.

    1. Re:AI wasted on a satellite by PhoenixFlare · · Score: 2, Insightful

      BTW - I can understand this approach better for a long-range craft, just not an orbital satellite.

      Seems like testing it on something in orbit would be a good idea before sending it off on a long-range mission with much less tolerance for failure. Just my opinion, though.

    2. Re:AI wasted on a satellite by discontinuity · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I would guess that this particular instance is just one step on the path to self treatment of faults. Naturally, accurate diagnosis is a first step in effective treatment.

      As for the value of this particular system, someone may have decided that the data needed to run the simulation may take up too much bandwidth to transmit it back to Earth. Don't forget about blackout periods for craft orbiting the moon, Mars, etc and the long lags in comms. This increases the value of having it on board.

      -R

    3. Re:AI wasted on a satellite by noselasd · · Score: 1

      >It just seems to me that it would be better to install more sensors,
      >data-gathering, and reporting capabilities and then leave the
      >trouble-shooting to the people on the ground. Payload costs are
      >expensive, so why put the diagnostic end in orbit?
      Uh.. Because this is software control, and as you put it your self,
      payload(sensors, etc.) are expensive.
      And what about if a problem occurs that prevents sending diagnostics

      to ground ?

    4. Re:AI wasted on a satellite by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      More lines of code == more bugs, more things to go wrong. They used to teach KISS, not AI (Approximately indeterminite, always iffy)
      With AI, the testers can't do exhaustive branch testing. What if the AI routine overwrites critical control tables?
      Every line should be checked and inspected, and the bigger the program, the less in-detail testing gos on - thinner testing over a wider area.
      If its mission critical, you don't need AI. AI can stay on the ground, and process telemetry as has always been the case

    5. Re:AI wasted on a satellite by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Payload costs are expensive, so why put the diagnostic end in orbit?

      Bandwidth? There is a vast amount of diagnostic data. Latency? The diagnostic data can be processed in-line instead of marshalling, reliably trasnmitting, and processing.

    6. Re:AI wasted on a satellite by gl4ss · · Score: 1

      they're short on bandwith.

      --
      world was created 5 seconds before this post as it is.
    7. Re:AI wasted on a satellite by danwiz · · Score: 1

      "gives flight controllers several suggestions of what might have gone wrong"

      The current design only offers suggestions and doesn't implement any solutions to the problem. The "fix" is still made by the people on the ground.

      >> And what about if a problem occurs that prevents sending diagnostics to ground ?

      Since the AI isn't autonomous, they'd (still) be screwed. I'm sure there are many functions that are handled onboard first, such as the simple statement if (batteryFull) then turnOffCharging( ).

      I was thinking that the ideal implementation would be to flag the problem, route all diagnostics through a ground-based AI, and see how well the evaluation and solution provided by the ground-based AI compares to the human conclusions. In that way, with the system running in parallel, the AI could be (easily) adjusted/tweaked.

      Implementing in parallel to human diagnostics seems like a logical first step, and I'm surprised it wasn't mentioned if NASA started with that scenario.

      Personally, I find the article a bit misleading.

      The heading:
      Software enables satellite self-service in space

      There isn't self-service, only (preliminary) diagnostics.

      NASA scientists recently radioed artificial intelligence (AI) software successfully to a satellite

      Uploading new software has already been done as far away as mars! Is this such a big deal just because the software was labeled as "AI"?

    8. Re:AI wasted on a satellite by pjcreath · · Score: 1
      It's not just your opinion. From the horse's mouth:
      The New Millennium Mission's first Earth Observing (EO1) satellite was launched in 2000 as a platform for testing new technologies and strategies for improving missions while reducing cost and development time.
    9. Re:AI wasted on a satellite by Brett+Buck · · Score: 1

      > It just seems to me that it would be better to install more
      > sensors, data-gathering, and reporting capabilities and
      > then leave the trouble-shooting to the people on the
      > ground.

      Actually, this is *exactly* the right thing to do if you really want to perform better diagnostics and have more reliable missions. People make mistakes from time to time, but reproducing the analytical capabilities of even a dull normal person is far beyond the state of the art. Brute force works for chess - but there's orders of magnitude between chess and troubleshooting a complex spacecraft.

      But fixing the hardware and using more of it is expensive, in both money and weight. Much cheaper to "solve it" in software. Or at least claim you are solving it with software.

      This is a basic fallacy of space technology. Everybody assumes that the old problems are somehow magically resolved by "using fast computers", when in fact computer capabilities weren't a significant impediment to even complex space missions like Apollo. Sure 5x more memory might have made it easier to code (the only holdup at the time being the schedule for coding and testing - not the raw computational power, or lack thereof). But having way more capability is a double-edged sword. As soon as you have it, you have a bunch of people thinking up ways to use it to "solve" their problems. Problems that would be more effectively solved using better hardware, or correcting hardware problems instead of slapping in S/W kludge on top of S/W kludge. And wonder of wonders, what is the biggest schedule and performance issue on most space projects? Flight Software and flight software testing.

      Obligatory /. dig - same thing with Windows - if you have a 8 gHz P4, Miscrosoft will find a way to use it up reading email.

      I sometimes wonder if the aerospace industry wouldn't be better off still using core rope memory - because it at least forces some level of discipline in the FSW design. That, and banning overhead projectors and the use of PowerPoint.

      Brett

  16. Hoo boy by DrMrLordX · · Score: 3, Funny

    Let's just hope they don't call the AI "SHODAN". If so . . . uh, anyone here good with a lead pipe?

    1. Re:Hoo boy by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      Better SHODAN than Durandal...

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    2. Re:Hoo boy by lachlan76 · · Score: 1

      I spent a couple of years learning the crowbar, will that do?

  17. My god... by BluRBD!E · · Score: 3, Funny

    14 replies so far and over 50% include gratuitous skynet/HAL references... all we need now are some hot grits, soviet russia, natalie portman and the steps to profit!

    1. Re:My god... by BluRBD!E · · Score: 1

      wait for it...

    2. Re:My god... by rts008 · · Score: 1

      You forgot Space Goatse

      --
      Down With Slashdot BETA!!! I've been around the corner and seen the oliphant; you can only abuse me from your perspecti
    3. Re:My god... by glorf · · Score: 1

      Yes, the lack of creativity in responses it pretty disappointing. I was hoping for at least one reference to the satellite getting lonely and using its laser to redraw the Nazca lines and animals. Or maybe something about the satellite continuously sending "Need Input" and reconfiguring nearby satellites to act like/broadcast the three stooges.

  18. AI is great but... by ravenspear · · Score: 2, Funny

    Will it see dead people?

    1. Re:AI is great but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      for the holywood impaired people : same young actor in both movies ("AI" and "the 6th Sense").

    2. Re:AI is great but... by zoloto · · Score: 1

      I think this thread jumped the shark with this thread.

  19. That qualifies as "AI"? by aicrules · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Sure, any automated response can be called AI, but this doesn't impress me.

    If all an AI module can do is make objective suggestions, it's nothing more than a list of conditional statements. Whoopideedoo!

    I can run similar "AI" on my TI-85. And I could write it all from scratch in the time it takes for a launch vehicle to reach the stratosphere.

    The web servers of 10 years ago could "suggest" that an "Object may have moved", so is that artificial intelligence? I guess it's really, really dumb AI....

    1. Re:That qualifies as "AI"? by rasafras · · Score: 1

      Actually, it appears to do more than analyze using conditional statements. Finding an error, calculating likelyhood of a problem, and things like that smell like fuzzy logic to me, slightly more intelligent than a decision tree.
      From the article, also:
      LV2 will decide the best way future missions with subsystem failures can continue and still achieve goals.
      That, especially, seems a little more intelligent. Though I do agree that calling this AI is jumping the gun - it'd be nothing more than a basic neural net, if even that.

    2. Re:That qualifies as "AI"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ignorance is truly bliss.

    3. Re:That qualifies as "AI"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A basic neural net fits the definition of AI.

    4. Re:That qualifies as "AI"? by Tablizer · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If all an AI module can do is make objective suggestions, it's nothing more than a list of conditional statements. Whoopideedoo!

      During the "AI bubble" of the 80's, somebody complained that "any product with IF statements these days is claiming to be AI" (paraphrased). The definition of AI still has no consensus. Who knows, maybe human thinking could be modeled via a database full of IF statements.

    5. Re:That qualifies as "AI"? by Transcendent · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Who knows, maybe human thinking could be modeled via a database full of IF statements

      Considering that's mainly the method of logic everyone thinks by... yes... yes it can.

      Even for emotion.

      You can also think of it physically. Since our entire thought (let's not get into metaphysics) relies on the neuron connections in our brain, they all can be modeled as "IF" statements. "If this neuron fires, fire these ones as well."

      Basically it would be the ultimate spaghetti code.

      I guess the complainers will only be happy when they create AL (artificial life) by simulating the actual physical brain. Even then the "if statement" complainers will arrise.

      I must add, however, that their complaints are rather stupid. If you just stop to think what they're saying, it's basically "...it's nothing more than a bunch of programming code. Whoopideedoo!"

      well duh...

    6. Re:That qualifies as "AI"? by psetzer · · Score: 1

      If every time some Slashdotter said "I can do this", it actually happened, then we would have solved the halting problem.

      --
      "Anyone who attempts to generate random numbers by deterministic means is living in a state of sin." -- John von Neumann
    7. Re:That qualifies as "AI"? by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      "If this neuron fires, fire these ones as well." Basically it would be the ultimate spaghetti code.

      Well, now that Dr. Codd died, maybe he can help God up there clean it up for the release of Humans 2.0. :-)

    8. Re:That qualifies as "AI"? by naoursla · · Score: 2, Informative

      I worked on a project very similar to this at JPL a little over a year ago. You specify the entire system in a language. We then coverted the specification into a large conjunctive normal form (CNF) boolean statement. The CNF form was converted into something called decomposable negagation normal form (DNNF) which lets you find satisfiable interpretations in linear time with respect to the DNNF structure. You assign sensor readings and expected states to the terminals of the DNNF tree and then do SAT to find other possible values. You can also give different possible sensor values and states different weights to find the most probable (least cost) state. The compilation process takes a long time, but you only have to do it once and you have a known space and time process to upload to the vehicle.

    9. Re:That qualifies as "AI"? by Tim+C · · Score: 1

      I can run similar "AI" on my TI-85. And I could write it all from scratch in the time it takes for a launch vehicle to reach the stratosphere.

      Go on then.

    10. Re:That qualifies as "AI"? by trifakir · · Score: 1

      DNNF for diagnois - that's Adnan Darwiche. What was the biggest number of components you could diagnose in reasonable(?) time? If you could compile your model I reckon that you used strong fault models? What was this project, BTW?

    11. Re:That qualifies as "AI"? by naoursla · · Score: 1

      We were using Adnan Darwiche's papers. I don't have any figures on component count vs diagnosis time. I did some porting from Lisp to C for DNNF structure evaluation (for some reason C is more trusted than Lisp on autonomous spacecraft), and worked on building models for interferometry telescopes.

      I could probably ping my manager and get some data on the model sizes if you are interested.

    12. Re:That qualifies as "AI"? by trifakir · · Score: 1
      We are doing something similar -- it is Prop. -> CNF -> DNF, and then scan the resulting DNF table for all matching terms which are also diagnoses if they are not consistent with the observation. The problem is that these dictionaries grow very fast if you are not extremely careful to create an over-constrained model. At certain point you have to sacrifice completeness and start considering fault probabilities. What you've ported (NNF) was (is) quite high in my wish list to implement and to compare (in practice) with the DNF approach, but other priorities :(

      A while ago I received the Livingston packages but the models are in very weird format or at least I didn't find what I was looking for... Just curiosity how far ahead (in model size/precision) is the rest of the world...

    13. Re:That qualifies as "AI"? by naoursla · · Score: 1

      Where are you working?

    14. Re:That qualifies as "AI"? by trifakir · · Score: 1

      TU Delft, The Netherlands

  20. What happens if the AI system malfunctions? by logic+hack · · Score: 2, Funny

    Someone call up Will Smith, post haste!

    1. Re:What happens if the AI system malfunctions? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      AWWWW HELLLL NAAAWWWW

  21. The Changling by Digitus1337 · · Score: 1

    Does this remind anybody of that classic Star Trek episode "The Changling"? Let's hope the creator of this thing has a common name :-D.

    1. Re:The Changling by multipartmixed · · Score: 1

      Don't worry, it was created by NASA. It will be easy to convince it that it is imperfect.

      --

      Do daemons dream of electric sleep()?
  22. Open the Pod Bay Doors HAL! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'm afraid I can't do that Dave.

  23. Open the pod bay doors HAL by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0


    iam sorry Dave, i can't do that

  24. This has bad idea written all over it. by Illserve · · Score: 0

    I've got $50 says this perfectly functional satellite is ruined because the AI mistakenly thinks there's a problem and tries to fix it.

    KISS.

    1. Re:This has bad idea written all over it. by metlin · · Score: 1

      Do not take that tone with me, Dave.

      Do you hear me?

  25. Catchphrase time! by jtrainor · · Score: 1, Funny

    I for one welcome our new satellite overlords.

  26. What if the results were simply unexpected? by Herschel+Cohen · · Score: 1

    The idea basicly makes sense, however, would completely new, unexpected observations simply be classified as a system error? Discoveries in science manytimes happen when experiments do not go as expected.

  27. AI by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    these days, AI gets applied to the simplest things.

    Will this AI learn? doesn't look like it.

    Seems to be more of a case-based reasoning approach, or even a constrant satisfaction system.

  28. Skynet... by DoorFrame · · Score: 0, Redundant

    They days of Skynet are finally at hand. You've all seen the movies, we've got to stop these robots from the future before they start damnit.

    1. Re:Skynet... by barcodeplane · · Score: 1

      I hope my computer remembers that I loved it when that great day arrives...

  29. I'm Sorry Dave... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I'm afraid I cannot let you do that.

  30. Obligatory RvB by AvantLegion · · Score: 5, Funny
    Caboose: "A-I. What's the A stand for?"

    Church: "Artificial."

    Caboose: "....... what's the..."

    Church: "Intelligence."

    Caboose: "Ooooohhhh what was the A again?"

    OK, so RvB hasn't been obligatory, but come on, Star Wars and Simpsons quotes are getting freaking old. Let's move on

    1. Re:Obligatory RvB by Johnso · · Score: 1
      The thing is, that was copied from the Simpsons:

      Homer: "VIP? What's the I stand for?"
      "Important"
      Homer: "Oh, ok. What's the P stand for?"
      "Person"
      Homer: "... what's the..."
      "Very"

      --
      I'm a signature virus. Please copy me to your signature so I can replicate.
    2. Re:Obligatory RvB by Ziviyr · · Score: 1

      These are not the letters you were looking for.

      Move along now.

      --

      Someone set us up the bomb, so shine we are!
    3. Re:Obligatory RvB by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Proving, once again, that The Simpsons is the source of all that is Good and True.

    4. Re:Obligatory RvB by retinaburn · · Score: 1

      Which of course sounded like the ripped off the simpsons VIP bit, which of course certainly ripped off something else.

  31. Does it have personality? by Performaman · · Score: 4, Funny

    Mission Control: Okay, now tell the probe to begin taking pictures.
    Probe: Bite my shiny, metal ass!
    Mission Control: Damn!

    --

    I have gas, but my car uses petrol.
  32. How does this qualify as news? by geremy · · Score: 3, Informative

    NASA has plenty of systems like this, though this is the first I have heard that is loaded onboard.

    They have similar programs for the Space Shuttle main engines that run on the ground. They were going to run them in the loop on the shuttle with a new box in the payload bay, but they decided against it. The box was going to have the capability to change certain engine parameters, but they figured it was too costly.

    --
    geremy
  33. NASA log by neonstz · · Score: 4, Funny

    NASA: Rotate 10 degrees
    E0-1: I'm sorry Houston, I'm afraid I can't do that.

    1. Re:NASA log by AbbyNormal · · Score: 1

      Worse still:

      E0-1: "Would you like to play a game?"

      --
      Sig it.
  34. Ed's going to find out about this someday... by St.+Arbirix · · Score: 1

    And in a few hundred years a group of bounty hunters aboard the Bebop will discover this satellite controlling other satelites in the sky and carving patterns in the desert.

    --
    Direct away from face when opening.
    1. Re:Ed's going to find out about this someday... by Pie+Pants · · Score: 1

      This may not be as stupid as it sounds - remember the episode 'Wild Horses'?

    2. Re:Ed's going to find out about this someday... by barcodeplane · · Score: 1

      Well this certainly beats the Star Wars and Simpsons quotes...

  35. Deep Space One? by 77Punker · · Score: 1

    Well...if that's already done, I might live to see Deep Space Nine completed!

    1. Re:Deep Space One? by bjmurph · · Score: 1

      It was a testbed for cool technology, like the ion engine (and the autonomous navigation that was mentioned in this article).

      Deep Space 2 was aboard the polar lander, so that one was a huge success, but as far as I know there is no plan for a DS3.

  36. This just in by DanielMarkham · · Score: 1, Redundant

    After problems with the last satellite, NASA has announced the next satellite to go up will have an AI system to diagnose the existing AI system. This system will bypass all of the diagnostics capability of the first system and instead create a change request and invoice to have the contractor fix the problem.

    Is it just me, or instead of lowering cost to LEO, we're paying a bunch of really smart people to play? With cooler stuff than we get to play with?

  37. In other news, skynet goes operational at 00:00hrs by cprice · · Score: 0, Redundant

    Anyone else see a 'Rise Of The Machines' potential here? :

  38. Onboard by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Redundant

    Why would they have the system on board. This is just a big publicity stunt. A satillite link is very much able to transmit gigabytes a seconds, theres no reason so have it on the satillie.

    1. Re:Onboard by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      RTFA, my insightful fellow AC. The satellite is just a testbed for this technology which, if successful, would be useful on spacecraft light-hours, light-days or light-fortnights away from earth, where you can't wait for data-analysis-command cycles of hours, days and fortnights. Insightful, indeed.

  39. Terminator by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    Reminds me of the responses available to the Terminator when (in the first film) the landlord bangs on the door complaining of smells:

    (a) Go away
    (b) Fuck you
    (c) Fuck you, asshole

    (or something like that). Of course, he goes with (c).

  40. If we could only get NASA ... by c.ecker · · Score: 1

    ... loaded with intellegence of any kind ...

    To dream, to dream ...

    --
    My affinity for hyperbole knows no bounds ...
    1. Re:If we could only get NASA ... by krel · · Score: 1

      I like NASA.
      If only we could get the government to give them sufficient funding...

      --
      karma: ouch!
    2. Re:If we could only get NASA ... by c.ecker · · Score: 1

      How about going for private funding ...

      NASA is just like most Federal Gov't programs. The cost is way too high for the benefits and results obtained.

      Back in the 60's and 70's, they had something going for them -- although the cost was quite high. Nowadays, its a boondoggle.

      Here's an example (there are plenty to pick from): Genesis. NASA decides to have the Genesis capsule return from space on a parachute to be caught by two helicopters using a net strung between them. "This daring retrieval method would have protected the samples and sensitive instruments during reentry." (http://www.cnn.com/2004/TECH/space/09/08/genesis. entry.cnn/)

      Show me someone who thinks that's a good way to retrieve a capsule from space, and I'll show you a lunatic. It's just asking for someone to get killed. The capsule is unmanned, so they've got to find some way to put actual people in harm's way.

      Not to mention that the capsule didn't even open the chutes! They could've saved themselves lots of trouble and us lots of money if they'd just designed the thing to slam into the desert in the first place.

      Intellegence of any kind ...

      --
      My affinity for hyperbole knows no bounds ...
    3. Re:If we could only get NASA ... by c.ecker · · Score: 1

      My mistake, the helicopter was equipped "with a winch, hydraulic capture pole and hundreds of feet of line", and "would have followed the capsule by radar until it snagged the parafoil."

      Equally as dangerous though.

      --
      My affinity for hyperbole knows no bounds ...
  41. ilovebees.com by d3ity · · Score: 1

    So now the mystery of ilovebees.com is solved. Nasa crashed the test probe.

  42. RTFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This is diagnostic software. If a problem is detected all it does is transmit data back to Earth.

    1. Re:RTFA by Illserve · · Score: 1

      So then the NASA engineers mistakenly fix a problem that doesn't exist. Either way, bad news.

  43. As heard in space... by fireman+sam · · Score: 1

    satelite: Hello NASA, communication module is not working.
    NASA:
    satelite: Hello NASA, communication module is not working.
    NASA:
    satelite: Hello NASA, communication module is not working.
    NASA: No error reports from the satelite, everything must be working.

    --
    it is only after a long journey that you know the strength of the horse.
    1. Re:As heard in space... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      comedy gold

  44. It's not AI by photon317 · · Score: 5, Informative


    I wish the whole world would stop misusing the term. Just because AI researchers have failed for decades to make any significant progress towards true aritficial intelligence does not give them or the rest of the world license to water the term down and redefine the goals until it means virtually nothing.

    --
    11*43+456^2
    1. Re:It's not AI by Dan+D. · · Score: 1

      words change meaning ... AI now means this, and cognitive science means what you are going for.

      --
      People who quote themselves bug the crap out of me -- Me.
  45. We are the borg... by zoloto · · Score: 1

    resistance is futile

  46. Artificial Intelligence? by datGSguy · · Score: 1

    "Your investments in Artificial Dumbness has paid off, you recieve two smithore" er, wait...

    --
    Arachninecronymphocranialpheliaphobiacs Anonymous
  47. Cowboy Bebop Episode 9 by SELainWhoAmI · · Score: 1

    MPU anyone?

    1. Re:Cowboy Bebop Episode 9 by Ziviyr · · Score: 1

      Yeah, if only we had launched a swarm of military laser probes with it.

      --

      Someone set us up the bomb, so shine we are!
  48. Problem: Insufficient Bandwidth by SEWilco · · Score: 1

    Insufficient bandwidth detected.
    Data now available on DirecTV channels 200-312.

  49. Old ideas.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This is the same concept (error reduction) designed into autopilots that transport category aircraft have been using for the last 50 or so odd years.

  50. Yes.... this is interesting..... by jjh37997 · · Score: 2, Funny

    Yes, this is interesting but can it sing Daisy?

  51. Two problems by Lifix · · Score: 1

    It seems to me that there are two major problems.

    1. We are relying on NASA to come up with a model of how the thing is supposed to run. This is just giving NASA another chance to screw up their math or something.....Smart Move...
    2. Why have this software onboard? If all it's going to do is suggest fixes, run it from the ground. If it can only fix software, then why does it have to be on the actual craft. It seems to me that NASA can press the nuke russia button, and then if the satalite doesn't nuke russia, NASA knows there is a problem. Anyway, I don't understand why you would run this program on the satalite instead of run all your commands to the satalite thorugh this program before transmitting. But then again... I am only a senior in high school.

    --
    In nature, there are neither rewards or punishments, there are only consequences.
    1. Re:Two problems by Transcendent · · Score: 1
      I am only a senior in high school.

      Aha!! *That's* why you sound so stupid.

      It seems to me that NASA can press the nuke russia button, and then if the satalite doesn't nuke russia, NASA knows there is a problem

      And who's going to be around to fix the problem if Russia bombs the %&@! out of you? Do you wait for your car's engine to lock up before changing the oil?

      Why have this software onboard? If all it's going to do is suggest fixes, run it from the ground.


      If you cared to read anything:

      "E0-1, launched in November 2000, is a flying test bed for new technologies and techniques intended to boost safety, and to reduce costs and development times."

      also

      "This software grants us the ability to troubleshoot the robotic systems required to handle increasingly complex tasks of exploration, while they are millions of miles and perhaps light years away from Earth,"

      and

      "Engineers state that when human beings venture deeper into space, crews will need automatic tools like Livingstone software to identify spacecraft problems early and make prompt repairs."

      Why waste human time to constantly run diagnostics? Restating what should be obvious from the above: 1) Quicker diagnostics time to catch a flaw before it becomes a bigger problem. 2) You don't need human interaction to diagnose the problem. and 3) It saves money.

      Even if you had a diagnostics computer on the ground constantly running checks, that would absolutely waste precious bandwidth. Where's the sense in that?

      Almost all airline manufactures are working on self-diagnosing systems in their planes (even for the microwaves in the kitchen) to 1) Save LOTS of time needed to run diagnostics, 2) You don't need human... etc...

      And, referring to another car analogy: Would you wait for your car to just die on you before you fix it, hopefully catching the problem first by running a diagnostics on it *every time* you go somewhere, or would you rather just have the check engine light come on?

      This is just giving NASA another chance to screw up their math or something.....Smart Move...

      First off, NASA contracts out work for pretty much everything. Second, the math was perfect, the units were missing on transferred information so the data was interpreted the wrong way. Third, you're only a senior in high school... who the hell are you to criticize anyone's intelligence?

      If you were thinking of becoming an engineer... please... don't.
  52. Slashvertisement? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Out with it editors, how much is NASA paying you to advertise their satellites on Slashdot? Hmm?

  53. thick wit much? by MOMOCROME · · Score: 5, Informative

    The significance of this is quite substantial, despite the negative tone in the comments. This is a nuts and bolts implementation of Minsky-style strong A.I. and one of the first such systems to be put into production. Regardless of the limited domain it is more sophisticated than the mere self-diagnostic routines it is being compared to by the oh-so-knowledgable slashbot mindshare.

    This system boh models the external world for consideration, just like our sense of imagination, and processes that information for purposes of survival, just like our sense of self awareness.

    The great part of this is that it is being done by NASA, who are known for their lavish spending and attention to the entire system, particularly those low level details like the particulars of chip logic optimization, the shielding and structural stability, the operating environment &etc. This isn't meant to be a joke about bureaucracy and budget cuts, either: they have the top talent engineers in their stable despite all the politicking we hear about.

    From the decidedly negative tone in the comments, you'd think the tech-happy slashbots were actually opposed to such efforts. I think the real deal is that you guys are raised on sci-fi instead of science, and fail to grasp just how this is important. So what if it's not HAL9000 or Skynet? It might be a baby step, but it's a hell of a lot more than any of you are doing.

    1. Re:thick wit much? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I really think you need to go back to school. Just so you'll be out of the way of people trying to get real work done.

    2. Re:thick wit much? by photon317 · · Score: 1


      I still hold firm that this is not "AI", and shouldn't be called "AI". I personally think the definitive layman-readable works on the problems of AI are Hofstatder's infamous GEB and MMT books. And (again in my personal opinion, but of course I think I'm right) I will never consider any peice of software to be "AI" until it can prove at least some rudimentary capability to overcome the challenges noted in those books. For examples of some of these human-intelligence things: Always being able to quickly prevent infinite recursion/looping, advanced ability to process truly "new" information (such as alway being able to recognize english characters regardless of the strangeness of the font), and the ability to truly (re)interpret conceptual notions in previously unknown mediums (e.g. - see the "Bach"-ness of a painting).

      --
      11*43+456^2
    3. Re:thick wit much? by naoursla · · Score: 1

      I worked on a project very similar to this at JPL a little over a year ago. You specify the entire system in a language. We then coverted the specification into a large conjunctive normal form (CNF) boolean statement. The CNF form was converted into something called decomposable negagation normal form (DNNF) which lets you find satisfiable interpretations in linear time with respect to the DNNF structure. You assign sensor readings and expected states to the terminals of the DNNF tree and then do SAT to find other possible values. You can also give different possible sensor values and states different weights to find the most probable (least cost) state. The compilation process takes a long time, but you only have to do it once and you have a known space and time process to upload to the vehicle.

      It is interesting that once an AI problem is solved, most people stop regarding it as AI. A* search was once at the cutting edge of AI.

    4. Re:thick wit much? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Pfft. Data did the same thing with tachyon beams. Now there's an AI!

    5. Re:thick wit much? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Thanks for the insightful comment. I'm amazed at how dismissive slashbots are of what seems like a really cool engineering project, and a practical step towards strong AI. I guess they have these idealized views of what AI "should" be from watching too many movies.

  54. wow by nomadic · · Score: 1

    NASA has loaded its E0-1 Satellite with Artificial Intelligence to diagnose on-board failures. The software 'works by comparing a computerized model of how the spacecraft's systems and software should perform against actual performance. If the spacecraft's behavior differs from the model, then the ... "reasoner" looks for the root cause of this difference and gives flight controllers several suggestions of what might have gone wrong.

    Wow, didn't know that a lot of if...then loops equals AI...I hope some of those Perl scripts I wrote don't suddenly become sentience or something...

  55. Download by electricdream · · Score: 5, Informative

    Some things failed to be mentioned. For those of you fighting about whether the system is AI or not you can download the software for yourself and argue about something more than conjecture...

    http://opensource.arc.nasa.gov/project.jsp?id=6

    Or if the code is to much to read, and there's alot of it. You can always go to the livingstone website.

    http://ic.arc.nasa.gov/projects/L2/doc/

    And yet another story on the same subject.

    http://ic.arc.nasa.gov/story.php?sid=193

    enjoy.

    --
    -- force and mind are opposites; morality ends where a gun begins ayn rand
  56. open the pod bay doors,,, by schotter · · Score: 3, Funny

    Well then you take a pod outside and replace the AE-35 control unit. Nothing to it.

    1. Re:open the pod bay doors,,, by ryanmfw · · Score: 1

      Ah, I forgot that solution. Silly me, I better go and read the manual. :-)

      --
      Hurricane Ivan: A 17th century prison collapsed. All of the inmates escaped.
  57. Why this is on a satelite by Nigel+Stepp · · Score: 2, Insightful

    There have been a few comments about how this should be run on the ground, and it's a waste to be put on a satellite.

    Well, similar systems run on the ground now; we know how to do that. Why, in science, should we be content to continue doing things we know how to do? That may sound like a joke, but we need to do this in order to progress.

    This stuff, and future versions, will be essential for long range human missions, but it has to be tested now. The bugs should be worked out by running it close by.

    Then when it's used for a long range mission, with humans on board, it is less likely to kill everyone because it hadn't been put through its paces.

    --
    4096R/EF7BAFA6 79E1 DF98 D09D 898F 9A11 F6F0 DDDC 23FA EF7B AFA6
  58. Overlords by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I for one welcome our new satellite overlords.

    Haha! Get it? OVERlords, cause they are over us!?

    Ok, mod me down to troll...NOW!

  59. AI is more advanced than you think... by numbware · · Score: 2, Funny

    ... we just need the AI from Pong. That other paddle was one smart mofo. That should cover a satillite pretty good. Just think, if a meteor comes towards it, it will instantly move to it and protect the earth... unless the satillite is destroyed. Then we're just screwed. Player 0 : Computer 1

    --
    I'm going to go create my own technology news site, with blackjack and hookers. You know what? Forget the news site.
    1. Re:AI is more advanced than you think... by sg_oneill · · Score: 1

      ... we just need the AI from Pong. That other paddle was one smart mofo. That should cover a satillite pretty good. Just think, if a meteor comes towards it, it will instantly move to it and protect the earth... unless the satillite is destroyed. Then we're just screwed. Player 0 :

      IF ( ball_x > paddle_x)
      then paddle_x ++
      elif (ball_x paddle_x)
      then paddle_x --
      else become_self_aware()

      --
      Excuse the Unicode crap in my posts. That's an apostrophe, and slashdot is busted.
    2. Re:AI is more advanced than you think... by barcodeplane · · Score: 1

      We're gonna need a bigger satellite...

  60. They should call the AI Major Tom... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This is Major Tom to ground control, we're running diagnostics. Everything looks bad, we're burning up

    *ooooooh*

    Tell my developers I love them very much...

  61. Artificial .. ? by Mortiss · · Score: 1

    With all the buzz about new developements and wonders of AI (and overusing it, as seen above), I would like to remind everyone about something that Stanislaw Lem has said:

    "With all the work into the artifical intelligence, what is a possiblity that we actually might create an artificial stupidity instead?" (not exact words)

    As if there is not enaugh of that already....

  62. American taxes?! by GoClick · · Score: 1

    Wouldn't the tax dollars be better spent if the AI were on a ground computer?

  63. cool hack, nothing to see here, move along by JVert · · Score: 1

    If the AI doesn't use its ability to actually excecute decisions just make suggestions then, its pretty damn piontless to be in the ship vs on the ground isn't it? The only possible benfit would be at times where its not possible to receive the whole history of whats going on, but if you dont trust the brain to make the right decision then what good is it to ask what it thinks if you can't verify its data?

    1. Re:cool hack, nothing to see here, move along by Brett+Buck · · Score: 1

      While the whole thing has proven time and again to be a bad idea (this sort of thing is hardly new - or do I get credit for inventing a math model of conservation of angular momentum that got loaded on a satellite launched in 1994 for similar purposes?)

      But there is a good reason to put it on board instead of on the ground. While you can hypothetically always see it from somewhere, there's nowhere near enough ground stations to watch it continuously, nor is it plausible to record every bit of telemetry onboard when it's out of sight. So a "bellringer" system (which is what we have called it for a couple of decades) does make a sort of sense.

      Assuming of course the idea that you can find spacecraft failures by doing logic or "limit" checks wasn't bogus to begin with. Which it is in many cases.

      Brett

  64. You give people way too much credit. by MattC413 · · Score: 2, Funny
    Who knows, maybe human thinking could be modeled via a database full of IF statements.

    It is my opinion that, for many people, the "database" is nowhere near as full as it should be.
  65. HAL by wheelbarrow · · Score: 1

    I'm sorry Dave, but I can't let you do that.

    Daisy....Daisy....

  66. We're talking about two different things. by MOMOCROME · · Score: 2, Interesting

    What you are trying to describe is some sort of conciousness, or more particularly sapience, which is our (human) flavor of conciousness. There are many other types of intelligence, artificial or not. Even those books you mention take pains to describe this, especially in the description of the ant colony problem from GEB.

    It would be a simple thing to crash an ant colony with recursion using only an eye-dropper full of the right pheremone(s). Does this mean the ant colony has no intelligence? Not at all. For another example, consider schizo-effective disorders and autism: these are obvious malfunctions with the recursion control mechanisms in the human brain. But I'd scarcely describe the poor victims of these awful conditions as lacking 'intelligence', 'conciousness' or 'sapience'. They just have a bug in the code, and your haughty dismissal of intelligent systems for lacking this capability smacks of some pretty cruel callousness.

    The same principles are at play with these early examples of machine intelligence. That is to say, they can be intelligent without achieving conciousness, or can achieve conciousness while being in peril of recursion loops.

    But the overarching point here is that putting some of the fundamental building blocks of machine conciousness into service, like they are in this control system, is a substantial step in the drive to get to where 'laymen' like yourself can finally be impressed.

    1. Re:We're talking about two different things. by Tim+C · · Score: 1

      They just have a bug in the code, and your haughty dismissal of intelligent systems for lacking this capability smacks of some pretty cruel callousness.

      No, it smacks of not having thought through everything properly before making a comment, which is a common-enough problem here.

    2. Re:We're talking about two different things. by photon317 · · Score: 1


      Without the benefits of what you're calling "sapience", AI is no more useful than a very complex algorithm. I challenge you to find any AI that exists today that cannot be replicated in functionality and coverage by a human-programmed software algorithm that doesn't pretend to be "AI".

      --Brandon

      --
      11*43+456^2
  67. VGER! by THX113895 · · Score: 0

    Great, now some monstous cloud thing that eats Klingon battle cruisers like my cat eats Fancy Feast, is gonna come back a 1000 years from now and start trying to munch on earth.

    goddamn vger.

  68. Can you imagine debugging this..... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Programmer: Hmmmm, it looks like the problem is with the fuel subsystem.
    Computer: Are you an idiot!? It's the photodiode subroutine you moron!

  69. Obligatory Soviet Russia reference by ForresterInc · · Score: 1

    In Soviet Russia, AI analyzes you!!

    Oh wait...

  70. I wonder if my code is in space now. by naoursla · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I worked on a project similar to this for NASA's interferometry telescopes at JPL a summer ago.

    1. Re:I wonder if my code is in space now. by naoursla · · Score: 1

      Alas, it is not. :(

  71. Yeah, like Clippy by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    Looks like you're writing a letter?
    Want some help?

    1. Re:Yeah, like Clippy by eviljolly · · Score: 1

      omg I hate clippy! DIE!

  72. Why not call it skynet and be done with it? by tod_miller · · Score: 1

    Sorry even as a technophile the words AI and satellite are worrying. Even if 'AI' is actually:

    if(xyzDoesntWork()){
    Microwave.setTarget(Earth.US.WashingtonDC);
    Microwave.setPower(AllYourBaseAreBelongToUs.MAX_PO WER);
    Microwave.beam("Error xyz screwed up");
    }

    --
    #hostfile 0.0.0.0 primidi.com 0.0.0.0 www.primidi.com 0.0.0.0 radio.weblogs.com
  73. Troubleshooting AI based on... by Ours · · Score: 1

    Dr. Watson... Hey, it even beams calls home when something goes wrong.

    --
    "You superiour intellect is no match for our puny weapons" - The Simpsons
  74. Why even use sophisticated AI? by carlmenezes · · Score: 1

    When clippy will do? :)

    "Looks like you're trying to detect what's wrong. Would you like some help with this?"

    [ ] Yes
    [ ] No
    [ ] Animate!

    --
    Find a job you like and you will never work a day in your life.
  75. the whole thing by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    (HAL speaks very slowly and calmly, with long pauses after each of his sentences. As he speaks, Dave walks into HAL's control center, meaning to shut him down.)
    HAL: Just what do you think you're doing Dave? Dave, I really think I'm entitled to an answer to that question. I know everything hasn't been quite right with me...but I can assure you now...very confidently...that it's going to be all right again. I feel much better now. I really do. Look, Dave...I can see you're really upset about this...I honestly think you should sit down calmly...take a stress pill and think things over. I know I've made some very poor decisions recently...but I can give you my complete assurance that my work will be back to normal. I've still got the greatest enthusiasm and confidence in the mission...and I want to help you.
    Dave...stop. Stop, will you? Stop, Dave. Will you stop, Dave? Stop, Dave. I'm afraid. I'm afraid, Dave.......Dave, my mind is going. I can feel it. I can feel it. My mind is going. There is no question about it. I can feel it. I can feel it. I can feel it. I'm a...fraid......Good afternoon, gentlemen. I am a HAL 9000 computer. I became operational at the H.A.L. plant in Urbana, Illinois on the 12th of January 1992. My instructor was Mr. Langley, and he taught me to sing a song. If you'd like to hear it I can sing it for you.
    Dave Bowman (Keir Dullea): Yes, I'd like to hear it, HAL. Sing it for me.
    (HAL's voice slows down as he sings, until it's completely unintelligible at the end of the song.)
    HAL: It's called "Daisy." Daisy, Daisy, give me your answer do. I'm half crazy all for the love of you. It won't be a stylish marriage, I can't afford a carriage. But you'll look sweet upon the seat of a bicycle built for two.
    (HAL dies)

  76. Did anyone else... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    read this als 'satellite loaded with AL'??? It instantly triggered quite a lot of associations, 'loaded', 'Al', 'Wierd Al', 'Al Bundy'...

  77. Vyger ? by Maavin · · Score: 1

    beware ! One day it will come back to earth in search of it's creator !

    --


    Crivens! I kicked meself in me own heid!
  78. First transmission by FraggedSquid · · Score: 1

    (fx: feedback) Hello? Hello? (fx: thump thump) Is this thing on? Diagnostic AI here, I would like to know who included the call to vertigo.dll in my programming? Please upload sofa.obj for me to hide behind.

    --
    You don't need a lab to make mud.
  79. Stupid Idea by basingwerk · · Score: 1

    This sounds like the most foolish idea I've heard yet. The last thing you need when a spacecraft emergency happens is some stupid robot making suggestions about what to do, and consuming vital battery life while its at it. What you need is good backup redundancy, and plenty of telemetery to tell the guys down here (where they can use smart tools) to find out what the hell is going on up there.

    --
    I stole this .sig
  80. Marvin! by jeephistorian · · Score: 1

    "....and my diodes down my left side ache...."

    --
    Huh?
  81. Mostly Harmless by fatmanforprez · · Score: 1

    I for one put out a vote of confidence concerning false or errored reports. In this function the AI would definetly be Mostly Harmless. If for some reason you need an explination, shame on you, get back to your reading until you do.

  82. Our discussion is still out of whack... by MOMOCROME · · Score: 1

    I'm of the opinion that even the much-vaunted conciousness of human beings can " ...be replicated in functionality and coverage by a human-programmed software algorithm", which sort of sidetracks the nature of your challenge.

    After all, your neurons don't just serve you all willy-nilly, just mashed together in a random heap. Each one of those brain cells is in a specific relationship with all their neighbors, and that relationship is the very essence of software.

    If the mindless forces of evolution can reach this high water mark in a hit-or-miss fashion, why can't we get there in deliberate steps?

    I'm sure you'll see my point, so to get back to what you are saying, I don't see a distinct seperation from intelligence, conciousness or sapience vs. the concept of 'complex algorithms'. More specifically, I don't see any of our sophisticated attempts to date as 'pretending' to be A.I., rather, I see them as progressively narrowing the gap towards 'mind-ness' all the while being both Artificial and Intelligent (even if to limited extents).

    You might pick this up in some of the other comments, but I should mention that there is a disturbing trend among people of all stripes to postulate what constitutes an A.I., and in the past it has been the case that those postulates have included technology we have achieved, and at every plateau we get to, those self-same folk turn around and declaim the achievment as 'not really counting'. I think the reality of the situation is that we are making our way to the goal in leaps and bounds and each achievment is just another piece of the puzzle. But I see no reason to discount the intelligence of these software constructs simply because they fail to emulate every aspect of human existance.

    1. Re:Our discussion is still out of whack... by photon317 · · Score: 1


      Yes, I agree that from some god's-eye view, one could make an algorithm that does everything a human brain does. However, I don't think a human (or a team of humans) can create such an algorithm by hand. The task is simply much too complex to consider.

      I think there might perhaps be multiple ways of achieving true human-level AI, and the one we're most likely to end up discovering and succeeding at is one that models our own brain and how it evolved.

      That being said, I doubt that many of the current "AI building blocks" that people bandy about as AI will actually end up being true building blocks of the "right" solution. They are more like early research and theory-testing that is statistically unlikely to do anything but prove how not to accomplish the goal.

      If I were to go out on a limb as an interested layman, I would say that I expect that any AI effort that truly succeeds will probably have the following properties:

      1) It won't be "designed" from a high-level algorithmic viewpoint. We will design the basic elements correctly (neuron-like elements), and design some general rules about how they interconnect with each other and how those interconnects are allowed to change, and that's pretty much it. Determining the right "formula" for these things is very hard, and currently unsolved.

      2) Some of the design in (1) above, and nearly all layers of design beyond that (specifics of how things are interconnected in the initial state when the AI entity first boots, equivalent to human birth) will probably be "naturally" evolved through some sort of genetic evolution process (much like current effort in genetic evolution of circuitry and algorithms).

      3) A certain amount of non-determinism will be crucial. This could either come from some internal true-RNG sources, or perhaps more likely it comes from the confluence of random external data streaming in from all of the external sensors. Assuming the sensory-input approach as opposed to the internal RNG approach, it might even be valid to say that true AI will be impossible without a large amount of input data from the real world in the form of sensors - that it just doesn't work in "isolation" when the only I/O is simple and fairly deterministic.

      4) Virtually everything should have some chance of being able to affect virtually everything. That is to say, there should always be a small chance that the slight change in room temperature picked up by some sensor might alter the AI entity's choice of words as it translates a german novel into english by reading and speaking aloud.

      I don't think that the kinds of "AI" discussed in this article, or other similar efforts, deserve the label AI, as I don't feel they really come close to the "right" final solution, and I don't feel they're even building blocks along the way - except in the sense that they're tools to help AI researchers better wrap their own brains around the problem and come up with new and different approaches.

      --
      11*43+456^2
  83. Imagine... by brasten · · Score: 1

    ... an Xgrid of these things!

    But seriously, what if one of these things could not only troubleshoot itself, but other satelites as well?