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Intel Researchers Build Laser on Chip

Victor Ramen writes "Working with the basic material of computer chips, Intel Corp. researchers have constructed an all-silicon laser that could lead to computers one day harnessing light waves rather than electrical currents to shuttle data swiftly. 'Once you have silicon as an optical material, then you can take advantage of this enormous (silicon) infrastructure that exists around the world,' said Mario Paniccia, director of Intel's photonics lab. 'You can imagine starting to siliconize photonic devices, and maybe integrate photonics and electronics.'"

168 comments

  1. The article is coherent! by Dancin_Santa · · Score: 3, Funny

    I'll siliconize your photonic devices, if you integrate my electronics

  2. Friggin laser on friggin chips? by AtariAmarok · · Score: 1, Funny

    Whatever happened to getting these things on friggin shark foreheads? Priorities, people!

    --
    Don't blame Durga. I voted for Centauri.
    1. Re:Friggin laser on friggin chips? by dattaway · · Score: 3, Funny

      Whatever happened to getting these things on friggin shark foreheads?

      Not a good idea. The shark can rise above the surface to bite someone and then the laser beam may be pointed at an aircraft. We can't have that possibility.

    2. Re:Friggin laser on friggin chips? by dkleinsc · · Score: 1, Funny

      Here's a pattern I find absolutely fascinating: Every time we have a story about lasers, somebody makes a reference to "sharks with friggen laser beams on their heads". My question is, whatever happened to the giant "lasers" on the moon?

      --
      I am officially gone from /. Long live http://www.soylentnews.com/
    3. Re:Friggin laser on friggin chips? by WaterBreath · · Score: 0

      Would you settle for an ill-tempered sea bass?

    4. Re:Friggin laser on friggin chips? by damien_kane · · Score: 1

      The "Death Star" used in the "Alan Parson's Project"? Could never happen... especially if they keep making lasers smaller and smaller... Big laser, people... c'mon... how can we spread mass death and destruction with these little pen-lasers?

    5. Re:Friggin laser on friggin chips? by crazy_pikachu · · Score: 1

      its becasue hitler tried to blow up the moon.

    6. Re:Friggin laser on friggin chips? by crazy_pikachu · · Score: 1

      the shark would probably aim the laser in at a plane and then the government will aes the shark thinking it is a terrorist and you know what I do not want to be any sharks bitch if I go to prison

    7. Re:Friggin laser on friggin chips? by AviLazar · · Score: 1

      Oh you will be some sharks bitch in prison, not a real shark, but this one likes to bite too (I hear the crabs also bite).

      --

      I mod down so you can mod up. Your welcome.
    8. Re:Friggin laser on friggin chips? by mailtomomo · · Score: 0

      Redundant Array of Inexpensives Lasers of course.

    9. Re:Friggin laser on friggin chips? by nick_davison · · Score: 1

      Been there, done that.

      When I set up my new tank, full of bala sharks, it occured to me that I had a laser pointer for driving the cat nuts. Many happy hours were spent shining it on the shark's heads while telling anyone who'd listen, "Look, sharks, with frickin' "lasers" on their heads."

      End result: Pissed off bala sharks and friends who think you're an even bigger nerd than they did before. It sounded so much cooler in the movie.

    10. Re:Friggin laser on friggin chips? by Dabido · · Score: 1

      "The shark can rise above the surface to bite someone and then the laser beam may be pointed at an aircraft"

      Followed by the possibility that people will start getting arrested just for innocently pointing their sharks at aircraft!!!! Just because the Government will assume a laser is attached.

      --
      Sure enough, the cow costume was hanging up next to the superhero outfit and sailors uniform. (S,Spud)
  3. Re:Pick One by JamesD_UK · · Score: 3, Funny

    ( ) FP
    ( ) Second Post
    ( ) Third Post
    ( ) None of the above
    (*) Frickin' Lasers on Chips

  4. Discrete Destruction by SomeoneGotMyNick · · Score: 1

    Does this mean that overclocking them won't make them explode?

    Instead, a precision hole will be burned through the casing from the cranked up laser.

    1. Re:Discrete Destruction by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny
      Does this mean that overclocking them won't make them explode?
      No, it will just make your pc travel in time... Right after it's mass became infinitely large.
    2. Re:Discrete Destruction by internetdarwin · · Score: 1

      How would you over-clock a laser chip anyway? Increasing a lasers power output, just as increasing chip voltatge does not make the laser travel "faster" so burning a hole in it is probably an unlikely scenario. However, I really do wonder what the limiting factor in the chip will be for it's speed, certainly not the photons but perhaps initially some other aspect of the chip in its current state will be unable to accommodate the maximum possible speed of the traveling photons.

  5. "LASER" by anty · · Score: 1

    Friggen cpus with friggen laser beams in their friggen silicon

    1. Re:"LASER" by frankvl · · Score: 0

      Friggen cpus with friggen laser beams in their friggen silicon

      zip it!

  6. Been done 30 years ago by nurb432 · · Score: 1

    There is this wonderful field called 'integrated optics'..

    So this stuff is noting new.. Might be cool, but not news worthy at this point.

    Might want to read up on things before one posts something.. IEEE even has groups for this sort of thing.

    --
    ---- Booth was a patriot ----
    1. Re:Been done 30 years ago by ted · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Knew this sounded familiar.

      AT&T announced this 12 years ago... http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/1.01/electrons. html

    2. Re:Been done 30 years ago by dsginter · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The difference is that, to do it with any kind of speed requires expensive materials like gallium arsenide. Intel is doing it with the standard silicon CMOS process which means that Joe Six Pack could afford a product with this technology.

      --
      More
    3. Re:Been done 30 years ago by dr.+loser · · Score: 5, Insightful

      You're wrong.

      Silicon is an indirect gap semiconductor . That means that the traditional methods of making light emitting devices (e.g. LEDs, the diode lasers in CD players - these things are based on compound semiconductors like GaAs and InGaAs) don't work in Si.

      Previous integrated optics approaches have involved glomming III-V semiconductor lasers and photodetectors onto Si chips. This is unattractive from the engineering side for a number of reasons (cost, complexity, reliability).

      Intel has figured out a way to make a Si laser based on Raman emission. The downside is that the Intel scheme still requires an external optical pump. An ideal scheme for integration would be an electrically pumped Si laser. This work is a necessary step on that road.

    4. Re:Been done 30 years ago by Steve525 · · Score: 3, Informative

      As others have pointed out, yes, integrated optics has existed for some time, but that doesn't mean that the field is so mature that important breakthroughs can't occur. The field of integrated optics includes lots of things - III-V devices, (GaAs and InP), silica and silicon devices, polymers, etc. The thing they all have in common is that the devices are fabricated monolithically on a substrate.

      You can generally break up the field into 2 catagories: materials that have great properties, but are a pain to process (GaAs, InP, LiNO3), and materials that are easy to process but aren't as great optically (Silica, silicon, polymers). Silicon is attractive because there is such a large amount of infrastructure available, and the hope is to be able to put CMOS and optics on the same chip. However, silicon has an indirect band-gap (this was sort of mentioned in the article by Because of silicon's crystalline makeup, energy from stimulated electrons is released as heat and vibration.). So, this means lasers can't be made by normal methods. In addition, modulators and detectors (for wavelengths longer than 1 um) are hard to do.

      The solution for making a laser done by Intel here (and done earlier by Jalali at UCLA and even earlier by Osgood at Colombia) uses Raman scattering. Unfortunately, what the article leaves out is that you need another laser to pump the silicon laser. In addition, this laser is not just an ordinary diode laser, because you need very short pulses to get the peak power necessary for a non-linear effect such as Raman scattering. (The same limitation also occurs with the all optical switch done by Lipson at Cornell and mentioned here on Slashdot a few months ago). So this may be useful for some applications, but it's not a solution to the general problem of creating a light source in silicon.

    5. Re:Been done 30 years ago by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't care how useful the info is in your link, I just can't bear to click on it.

    6. Re:Been done 30 years ago by AviLazar · · Score: 2, Funny

      you know i had to go to that site JUST because it had brittney spears in the address and damn it even had her picture with drawings around her firm succulent...wait stop where is my jacket when I need one..dammit and wearing khakis too

      --

      I mod down so you can mod up. Your welcome.
    7. Re:Been done 30 years ago by Laaserboy · · Score: 1

      I read the Nature article on which the link was based, and the linked article is dead wrong. It is not an all-silicon laser, since it requires another laser to run. Worse than that, it appears to be close to a silicon optical switch, which can be modulated at a high rate.

      The Nature article called it a "High Speed Silicon Optical Modulator," and "optical modulator" != "laser"

      If these guys had produced an electically-driven continuous-wave silicon laser, they should get a Nobel Prize. Instead it looks like a rehashing of well-known principles to sound better in a slick-looking, flawed article.

    8. Re:Been done 30 years ago by MarkRose · · Score: 1

      +5 Insightful for a post linking to a picture of Britney Spears. Well done!

      --
      Be relentless!
  7. Without the management blah by MoobY · · Score: 4, Insightful

    They have put a laser light on a chip. Nothing else, nothing more fancy than that. No applications yet. It's just cool, that's it.

    --
    --- Sigmentation Fault - Comments Dumped
    1. Re:Without the management blah by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > management

      Marketing?

    2. Re:Without the management blah by gl4ss · · Score: 1

      on chip without extra stuff. i'd figure that it's an quite important step in building optical computers.

      --
      world was created 5 seconds before this post as it is.
    3. Re:Without the management blah by Open_The_Box · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Yeah, I was thinking that.

      The link at the bottom of the main page has a lot more info, but it seems to be saying that they've developed a means of modulating signals at higher frequencies than has been possible before by using only silicon devices. They've stuck it all on one chip for signal generation and one chip for signal detection. If they can get it working in a high volume fab plant then they'll get faster input/output from their chips.

      Practical uses: faster bus/interconnects. If they can make it cheap enough. And get it working. And...

      Anyway... interesting...

      --
      If you can't think of something nice to say then don't say anything at all. No, REALLY.
    4. Re:Without the management blah by Vo0k · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Just like wheel. It rolls, it's round and does nothing. Completely useless invention.

      Uses I can imagine already:
      -superminiaturized CD-ROM drives (laser+sensor+decoding circuitry all in one chip). Also lasers implemented everywhere where they were considered too bulky (nanobots anyone?)
      -single-chip fibre optic modems.
      -prices of all laser devices dropping rapidly (you can implement the laser on your chip as one of 1000 other parts for $0.003 each resulting in $3 chip, instead of a $3 chip, $2 laser diode and $1 circuitry to connect them)
      -laser based projectors where 1 pixel=1 laser (no sweeping beam=vastly increased brightnes plus solid state, no moving parts)

      --
      Anagram("United States of America") == "Dine out, taste a Mac, fries"
    5. Re:Without the management blah by Vo0k · · Score: 1

      The problem is you still need electricity to power the laser :)
      But it's a great step in the embedded devices industry. (what took a PCB takes a part of a chip.)

      --
      Anagram("United States of America") == "Dine out, taste a Mac, fries"
    6. Re:Without the management blah by imsabbel · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Well, there ARE applications.
      There has been much research about using waveguides instead of copper to connect chips, but the limiter was always the problems with external lasers.
      Just putting them on die allows for quite some progress in that area.

      Of course i would be really interested how they did it (with SI having an indirect bandgap and all)

      --
      HI O WISE PRINCE. WHT TOOK U SO DAM LONG?
    7. Re:Without the management blah by TangLiSha · · Score: 1

      Would running a laser like this take more or less electricity than the conventional method of passing information? My guess is that it would take less. This alone could be a big deal for places that house large numbers of computers and servers.

      Power consumption was a major concern for me when I bought a new fridge. My electric bill (which uses the monthly average system) dropped over $30 per month with the new fridge. While a computer obviously doesn't use as much power as a fridge, the rising price of electricity could eventually drive this market.

      --
      Everyone has an agenda. Except me. --Michael Crichton
    8. Re:Without the management blah by DocSavage64109 · · Score: 1

      I highly doubt the laser is the biggest part of a CD-ROM drive. The motors, guide system, & opticle pickup each take up more space. (At least on the devices I bothered to take apart)

    9. Re:Without the management blah by Vo0k · · Score: 1

      Rather not. Remember the information needs to be converted from/to electricity on both ends to be useful. There's still no nearly-100% way of retrieving energy from light. So, you take something like iButton, a 1-wire device, on the end of a wire. It works solemnly on power provided through the data line, so the bus master must pump some electricity (not much, in fact within CMOS levels) with the data "ones" into the line to power up the slaves (and "zeros" have strict timing limits). Similar device based on light and optic fibres would be extremely difficult to make: sender device blinks a laser and the opposite end reads the data with a photovoltaic cell and using the power sent with the carrier of the signals powers up its own laser to send the signals back...
      The losses would be just too high...

      Plus... modern technologies like these used in SRAM use very little power while in "stasis". A flip-flop containing a "1" almost doesn't use any current, just the same as one containing a "0". Only the moment of transition causes some power loss. They only differ with voltage levels at certain points. (a NVSRAM chip with built-in battery has data retention of 10 years. It's hardly bigger than any other chip)
      With light-encoding signals there's still no way to hold a level without providing energy, 0 is no power, 1 is keeping the laser powered up, generating light that gets lost somewhere and using up power to keep it shining. There's still nothing near keeping the light in stasis, so you i.e. lock 500 photons in some cell and they run in circle endlessly and no external power source is needed to keep them like that, then you change something and the photons escape triggering a sensor.

      --
      Anagram("United States of America") == "Dine out, taste a Mac, fries"
    10. Re:Without the management blah by parcifal · · Score: 1

      One more application is in the BioMed area, with the laser source used for Medical Imaging onchip, as in Laser Speckle Imaging.

    11. Re:Without the management blah by Vo0k · · Score: 1


      Yes. All these bulky mechanical parts because there's only one expensive laser and it must sweep whole surface of the large disk...

      Replace movement in one axis (rotary/radial) with an array of lasers, you have just removed one engine. With lasers cheap enough you can afford covering the whole CD surface and using micromovements i.e. by solid state piezzo activators to have the whole surface read.

      Plus with the sensors and lasers cheap enough, by including a lot of them in a single drive you can multiply the readout times. No longer time consuming moving of the head and no longer 50x rotary speed for 50 tracks to be read instead of one.

      --
      Anagram("United States of America") == "Dine out, taste a Mac, fries"
    12. Re:Without the management blah by curious.corn · · Score: 1

      Can I say holographic DVD? Take 2 laser beams reflected off piezo cantilevers and you can focus on the disc's thickness dimension, a 3rd laser beam to read the interference pattern.
      How many layers can be stacked, 10, 20?

      That's way better than the DL reflective technique in use today and sounds a lot like DLP available technology doesn't it? Question: are we able to control umirror angle with enough precision or is it two state?

      You can throw a whole radial array of pickups and get rid of a motor, but that would reduce the yield wouldn't it? You still have to move the beam somewhat or you'll loose track density and track pitch isn't necessarily constant, so you'll still need a closed loop actuator per head to keep it on track.

      --
      Mi domando chi à il mandante di tutte le cazzate che faccio - Altan
    13. Re:Without the management blah by crazy_pikachu · · Score: 1

      you know what it is still in the development stage but you know what makes this cool is that there is then no stop to what this CPU could do it could go extreamly fast. much faster then the ones we have out there right now. that is what makes this cool

    14. Re:Without the management blah by fireboy1919 · · Score: 1

      It still requires an optical pump, doesn't it? Instead of $3 chip, $2 laser, $1 circuitry, you get $3 chip, $2 pump, $1 circuitry to connect them. So all the things you want to do can't be done yet except, perhaps, the last one.

      However, the last one is probably a bad idea except for where this is already implemented (for VERY large video projections). What if someone accidentally looks into the projector?

      Of course, someone could correct me here. Is there a way to make an optical pump out of only Silicon?

      --
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    15. Re:Without the management blah by Fear+the+Clam · · Score: 1

      Yes, yes. Nanobots with frickin' lasers on their heads.

    16. Re:Without the management blah by Catbeller · · Score: 1

      If the lasers were cheap enough, why not remove all movement - get rid of the spinning disk, and just have an insertable card read by a matrix of lasers. Inevitable, I think. Moving parts must go...

    17. Re:Without the management blah by mattyrobinson69 · · Score: 1

      1 laser per bit optical drives could replace hard drives as they would be much faster than hard drives to read/write (no need to wait for the bit to come round to the laser, no need to move the laser, infact this would result in the io interconnect being the only constraint to multiple simultaneous read/write operations, instant read/write would also result in and no need for drive cache), and they would have no moving parts, resuling in a very fast, very low power (although unfortunatly very expensive) mass storage.

      next-next gen optical drives could double as removable and fixed storage too.

      I want one.

      (as you can tell by the complete mess above, i was thinking outloud and also you'll probably beable to tell that i know nothing about this field so its probably all wrong)

    18. Re:Without the management blah by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Moving parts must go...

      Let's start with your lower jaw.

    19. Re:Without the management blah by a11 · · Score: 1

      do I really need to say what's wrong w/ this?
      maybe I do: for a 700MB CD, we would need 7e8*8=5.6e9 lasers. yes, 5.6 billion lasers to read a CD. The fact that you need an explanation, and don't have a 'feeling' that there's no way to make these smaller than a dot of light gives me the right to diss you. dubya.

    20. Re:Without the management blah by tiks · · Score: 1

      but it can be optimized without having to use all that raw power, for example instead of having just one head to read a track
      now we can have multiple heads which speed up read/write by n times.

      if i let my imagination loose , could this be used for making a LCOS like chip or was it an offshoot of the same development???
      --
      we are always correct.. even when we realize we were wrong.

      --
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    21. Re:Without the management blah by bill_mcgonigle · · Score: 1

      However, the last one is probably a bad idea except for where this is already implemented (for VERY large video projections). What if someone accidentally looks into the projector?

      Just because it's a laser doesn't mean it'll burn your eye out. There are lasers that will do that but your average red laserpointer won't. It's about the energy transfered to your eye cells.

      Look into a military searchlight sometime, you'll see.

      IIRC, projector bulbs are about 5% efficient, so this should lead to cheaper, smaller, energy efficient projectors.

      --
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    22. Re:Without the management blah by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No way!You'd say "YOU SUCK!"

  8. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  9. DO NOT OPEN CASE... by imag0 · · Score: 2, Funny

    ...WITH REMAINING EYE

    1. Re:DO NOT OPEN CASE... by WillerZ · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Why the hell did you use your eye to open your case in the first place? Screwdrivers work better, trust me on this.

      Phil

      --
      I guess today is a passable day to die.
    2. Re:DO NOT OPEN CASE... by gubbas · · Score: 1

      The real question is, will I have to contact the FAA before opening the case? You never know if a plane might be flying over head.

      --
      "What I need is an exact list of specific unknown problems we might encounter."
  10. Laptop problem report 5827364 by MosesJones · · Score: 4, Funny


    User has reported that under high load the laptop gave him an unwanted castration. The wound was fully cauterised and the user now has an increased life expectancy.

    We informed the user that the warning document is quite clear on page 98 paragraph 20, line 4 that a laptop should not be put on top of a lap but they chose to ignore this. I informed the user we would not be charging for the medical procedure our processor undertook, as a measure of our esteem for a valued customer. The user however is still demanding further action.

    Recommendation: Send him a mouse mat.

    --
    An Eye for an Eye will make the whole world blind - Gandhi
  11. Alternate Uses by carrier+lost · · Score: 1, Funny

    Can it be aimed at an airliner?

    MjM

    1. Re:Alternate Uses by owlstead · · Score: 1

      You could build hordes of nanobots with this invention and put a swarm in the flightpath of a landing airplane. Sure, most would be destroyed by the plane, the sucktion of the engines and the turbulence, but maybe one of them might hit a pilots eye with its tiny laser beam, the pilot might blink and crash his plane, threatening the USA and - of course - the whole world. This is a much more threatening situation than some terrorists taking flying lessons bang in the middle of the USA.

    2. Re:Alternate Uses by anvilmark · · Score: 1

      Can it be aimed at an airliner?

      Osama, is that you?

    3. Re:Alternate Uses by evilmousse · · Score: 1


      if boeing used these processors somewhere in the cockpit, would that make them a terrorist organization?

  12. This will make some things much easier. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    In a fiber application you always have things like routers where the optical signal has to be converted to an electric signal, processed and then converted back to an optical signal. Designing the pcb to handle the high speed signals involved is non-trivial. If you get around the problem of having high speed signals on a pcb by keeping everything on the chip, things are much simpler. This should make things like routers and telephone switches cheaper and faster. In fact, I can see optical fiber being used on boards for chip interconnection. We might see boards with copper layers and an optical layer. In fact, the optical layer could be incorporated into the dielectric. I'm excited!

    1. Re:This will make some things much easier. by NoseBag · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The parallel (conductive) bus structures on silicon wafers will have to be addressed also. Per the "integrated optics" (IO)comment earlier, closely spaced optical "channels" have a nasty habit of evanescent-field-coupling from one to another (it is amazingly counterintuitive), so opague blocks will have to be put between them. (I always knew my grad-studies on IO would come in handy some day). They have a ways to go yet -unless they want to run the optical busses serially..?

      --
      Cloned foods give the statement "We had that last week!" a whole new meaning.
    2. Re:This will make some things much easier. by amjacobs · · Score: 1

      You put channels in quotes so I'm not exactly sure of your meaning. Is the field-coupling effect from parallel channels of the same wavelength? Or did you mean "channels" as in each wavelength used is a different channel? Also, does anyone know if this technology can only produce a single wavelength or can the wavelength can be varied?

    3. Re:This will make some things much easier. by amjacobs · · Score: 1

      I like the concept of integrating an optical layer through the dielectric, but I don't know if that would work. The photons in the laser may interact with the silicon outside of the dielectric and produce a photo-electric effect.

    4. Re:This will make some things much easier. by curious.corn · · Score: 1

      You mean light leaking from one fiber into the other? Shure, but given the bandwidth capacity of an optical system they needn't be as closely spaced as today's bus tracks. They might chatter next to or on chip but just reduce spacial density of optical I/O and let attenuation do it's job (or put a nice phat Vcc pad in between).

      --
      Mi domando chi à il mandante di tutte le cazzate che faccio - Altan
    5. Re:This will make some things much easier. by Steve525 · · Score: 1

      The high index contrast of silicon (n=3.4) vs. its cladding (usually oxide - n=1.45) means that the evanescent field drops off pretty rapidly. A spacing of about 5 um is sufficient to eliminate crosstalk.

  13. Think of the breasts! by gonzo-wireless · · Score: 1, Funny

    'Once you have silicon as an optical material, then you can take advantage of this enormous (silicon) infrastructure that exists around the world,'

    Pamella Anderson should be very pleased. As am I; I often think of her enormous silicon infrastructure...

    1. Re:Think of the breasts! by fireboy1919 · · Score: 1

      I don't know...it wouldn't be quite as enjoyable to observe her ESI if it was emitting coherent light. Then again, perhaps it could be used as a weapon.

      Photon canon implants, maybe? We could have a pornstar-based invasion in countries where we want to disable hostiles without killing anyone.

      At any rate, I think we can all agree that the phrase "Enormous Silicon Infrastructure" needs to see a lot more daily usage, along with the acronymn "ESI."

      --
      Mod me down and I will become more powerful than you can possibly imagine!
    2. Re:Think of the breasts! by damien_kane · · Score: 1

      Brings new meaning to the term 'high beams', doesn't it?

  14. Re:Heat issues? by Vo0k · · Score: 1

    Currently one of major problems with lasers of any reasonable power is they require massive heat sinks. So, no.
    Still waiting till liquid nitrogen pipes and connectors get integrated into motherboards and chips...

    --
    Anagram("United States of America") == "Dine out, taste a Mac, fries"
  15. wow! by adeydas · · Score: 1

    photonics with electronics, now that's what i called innovation. unfortunately the area was introduced some 30 years ago. so what's the deal, bill?

  16. And? by BB101 · · Score: 0

    Whats the advantage of using a laser beam over a normal light source?

    1. Re:And? by Suomi-Poika · · Score: 2, Informative

      Quote from howstuffworks.com:

      Laser light is very different from normal light. Laser light has the following properties:

      * The light released is monochromatic. It contains one specific wavelength of light (one specific color). The wavelength of light is determined by the amount of energy released when the electron drops to a lower orbit.
      * The light released is coherent. It is organized -- each photon moves in step with the others. This means that all of the photons have wave fronts that launch in unison.
      * The light is very directional. A laser light has a very tight beam and is very strong and concentrated. A flashlight, on the other hand, releases light in many directions, and the light is very weak and diffuse.

      I think the best answer here is that normal light source has all the power scattered around all wavelenghts. Laser on the opposite focus power on one wavelenght and has the above mentioned properties. So it can travel in fibers or in other substances/vacuum without scattering too much and losing its power too soon.

      I want DLP micromirror devices combined with RGB silicon lasers now! One chip lightweight laser DLP projector!

    2. Re:And? by i41Overlord · · Score: 1

      I think the best answer here is that normal light source has all the power scattered around all wavelenghts

      LED's are a normal light source, and they make their light in only one wavelength also. They aren't lasers, but their light is monochromatic like lasers.

    3. Re:And? by tmhsiao · · Score: 1

      I want DLP micromirror devices combined with RGB silicon lasers now! One chip lightweight laser DLP projector!

      That's exactly what I was thinking--although, we could skip the micromirror and use LCOS...

      --
      "My God...It's full of ads!" -Fry, about the Internet, Futurama
  17. Fascinating stuff: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    To grasp the significance of this, think of the difference between electrical and electronic devices.

    Current photonic devices are at the same technological level as electric devices were before the invention of the integrated circuit and the "electronic" revolution occured.

    If we're about to see an analog of the "electronic" revolution, but this time using photons instead of electrons, it's going to be absolutely amazing - and its effect will be as unpredictable as the effects of the electronic revolution (computers, the internet, and other radical consequences of the information age) were.

    Fascinating times ahead.

    1. Re:Fascinating stuff: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Any visionary ideas off the top of your head? As in: what can be done with this that plain old (or new) electronics can't do?

      Has anyone else read about spintronics? Spintronics are the other next big thing.

    2. Re:Fascinating stuff: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      first came papyrus, then stone, then metal, then electricity, then light, then quantum

  18. Terrorists? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I don't think the FBI will look too kindly on this development.

  19. Well, uhh, ... by Batte · · Score: 0

    People have been staring at Hollywood actresses' boobs for ages, so the optical use of silicons isn't exactly a new thing.

  20. Yum! by fisheye1969 · · Score: 1, Funny

    Low calorie food! Chips-lite (light)! Hey, c'mon, I spent seconds thinking that one up!

    1. Re:Yum! by ChrisMaple · · Score: 1, Funny

      Absolutely correct. The lasers use the Raman effect, so General Mills can manufacture them on their noodle production line.

      --
      Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
  21. Re:Heat issues? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Yes, but you now have to wear sunglasses.

  22. VHDL? by Vo0k · · Score: 0, Troll

    Could they release that laser-on-chip device as a VHDL macro so I could implement it in my FPGA projects? I bet no, they would lose all the profit if people pirated the file and everyone could create one from readily availavle FPGA...

    --
    Anagram("United States of America") == "Dine out, taste a Mac, fries"
    1. Re:VHDL? by amjacobs · · Score: 1

      This isn't just a circuit or piece of logic. This involves special process steps to treat the silicon so that its bandgap properties are altered. I'm sure that they have some sort of logic to show that the device has functionality, though.

  23. Better yet! by elliotCarte · · Score: 1

    Since the sharks will need chips inserted into their brains anyway (for remote control purposes) these chips could now utilize laser-on-chip tech. This would allow the the lasers to come directly out of the sharks' eyes. With the laser removed from the exterior of the shark, there will be no increased water drag, thus no reduction in speed. The sharks could in fact be overclocked for an increase in speed! The laser-on-chip-in-brain configuration would also allow the remote control death sharks to blend in with non-armed sharks without detection. Current models are easily spotted by their externally mounted lasers. The chip-in-brain mounted laser would of course destroy the sharks eyes when used, but they won't need them anyway because they're remote controlled. The opening from the brain mounted chips through the eyes could be made by... you guessed it, laser surgery performed from within the shark's own head. This greatly reduces the risk of infection from surgery. We're still awaiting approval from... never mind. PETA has contacted our office and... never mind. I for one welcome our... damn it! I promised I wouldn't say that.

    --
    If you can't just be yourself, then be more like me, ok?
    1. Re:Better yet! by julesh · · Score: 1

      Since the sharks will need chips inserted into their brains anyway (for remote control purposes) these chips could now utilize laser-on-chip tech.

      But will they run Linux?

    2. Re:Better yet! by hamsandwich72 · · Score: 1

      Just imagine a Beowulf cluster of laser-on-chip-in-brain sharks running linux.

    3. Re:Better yet! by elliotCarte · · Score: 1

      I think in this case it would be called a Beowulf school, no? Since Linux is really taking off in the ecucation sector, I think it is safe to say that the new schools of laser-on-chip-in-brain sharks will run Linux.

      --
      If you can't just be yourself, then be more like me, ok?
  24. link to Boyraz and Jalali's paper by oxbow+lake · · Score: 4, Informative
    1. Re:link to Boyraz and Jalali's paper by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I donno why, but I read that link as "OpticSexPress.com" not "OpticsExpress.com"...

    2. Re:link to Boyraz and Jalali's paper by merphle · · Score: 1
      here [opticsexpress.org]
      Did anyone else click that link, anticipating pr0n?
  25. Re:Pick One by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You forgot

    (*) Nothing to see here. Move along.

  26. We've talked about this before... by arashiakari · · Score: 1

    I thought the phrase "siliconize photonics" was familiar...

    (Feb.04) Intel Devises Chip Speed Breakthrough
    (Oct.04) Optical Control of Light on a Silicon Chip

  27. How does this make anything faster? by CastrTroy · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Is there really any speed difference between sending a laser over a bus and sending and electrical signal down a wire. Doesn't electricity travel at c (the speed of light). I know that's just thoery and that in reality, it travels at less than c, but so does light going to any substance other than a vacuum. The other thing. Wires can be made really small, and still carry a current. Can we expect to fibre optic cables down to the same size?

    --

    Anthropic principle: We see the universe the way it is because if it were different we would not be here to see it.
    1. Re:How does this make anything faster? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      When electricity travel over wires it generates heat, thus the speed of the chips is limited by the heat and not by a speed of electrons. Light doesn't have this kind of heat problem.

    2. Re:How does this make anything faster? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Two words HEAT and BANDWIDTH. Do some research and you will understand.

    3. Re:How does this make anything faster? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Although the electrons themselves move much much slower, electrical signals in wires typically propogate at about 1/3 the speed of light. This is a good deal slower than light even in suboptimal conditions.

    4. Re:How does this make anything faster? by TheGavster · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You can change the intensity of light on a fiber much faster than you can change the charge of a wire. Propogation speeds are slightly faster with light, but the big key is being able to change high/low state very fast.

      --
      "Because Science" is one step from "Because old book". Try "Because of my experiment testing my falsifiable assertion".
    5. Re:How does this make anything faster? by CastrTroy · · Score: 1

      Here's a question. How does one change the intensity of the light. Isn't it done by changing the voltage? or something similar. And this still doesn't answer my question of size. For networks and other long distance applications, light makes sense. On the other hand, if you're light based cpu takes up 10x as much space as your copper based cpu, then who is ever going to buy one. You can also bend a wire at any angle and have the electricity travel through it. I don't know if the same holds for fibre optics. This would create a lot of problems in the design of CPUs.

      --

      Anthropic principle: We see the universe the way it is because if it were different we would not be here to see it.
    6. Re:How does this make anything faster? by julesh · · Score: 1

      Wires can be made really small, and still carry a current. Can we expect to fibre optic cables down to the same size?

      I believe optical fibre is currently available with typical diameters of the order of 100 micrometers, which is a lot larger than the features on an IC, but is comparable to the size of tracks on a PCB.

    7. Re:How does this make anything faster? by cheese_wallet · · Score: 2, Informative

      I think the immediate usefulness of this in regards to a cpu would be the IO. I think the chip core would still be traditional, but instead of having 1000 pins or whatever, you could change buses to be serial and reduce the pin count considerably.

      The speed of electricity varies with voltage and current, but I think the generally accepted value is 1/3*c. So there would be first order speed gains.

      But there is also bandwidth too, much more information can be encoded and sent over fiber than can be sent over metal. So now you could have very large parallel memory interfaces. The width might be measured in hundreds of Kbits instead of bits in the near future. The limit would be the speed of the shift registers on the silicon side of the cpu and memory.

      There are also benefits from being electrically isolated... ground bounce could be a problem of the past with this.

      And electromagnetic radiation could be less of a problem too (spies as well as cross talk).

      Also, in the same amount of time, say a nanosecond, electricity only travels 10cm (approx), where as light travels 30cm. So you can make faster systems on a larger area (distributed or monolithic even)

      So there is a lot more too this and an all light cpu.

    8. Re:How does this make anything faster? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "You can also bend a wire at any angle and have the electricity travel through it. I don't know if the same holds for fibre optics"

      Yes, this holds true for fibre optics. Have a look around for the phenomina called "Total internal reflection" (I think, it could be refraction) This is the whole reason how and why we even consider using fibre-optics

    9. Re:How does this make anything faster? by UnHolier+than+ever · · Score: 1

      You're right, the actual speed at which the information travels around is not much different. If I remember well, voltage goes at (2/3)c in a coaxial cable. It's probably different in silicon, but in the similar range. Secondly, did you ever see a fibre optic cable? They can be made invisible to the eye already. I do not think size is a real limitation here. The cost of laying down the fibre is probably more than the cost of the fibre.

    10. Re:How does this make anything faster? by o2binbuzios · · Score: 0

      Laser 'circuitry' is cooler than electronic because it avoids the resistance heat generation..However it is not a means to more powerful CPU's currently. Today's 130nm CPUs like Athlon ( http://www6.tomshardware.com/cpu/20041221/cpu_char ts-07.html) ) already significantly smaller than bandwidth of light by several multiples (400-700nm http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/EDDOCS/Wavelengths_for _Colors.html ). This means that an optical processor will be less dense in circuitry and therefore less powerful, at least on a cm^2 basis. They are exciting for some specialized applications like fibreoptics because they eliminate the OEO stage for amplification, regeneration and the like...but don't seem likely for mainstream processors soon. One possibility to get around the density problem is to go up...building a 3D cube of optical switches is physically possible because heat doesn't build up in the core. An optical microprocessor DOES have a (theoretical) advantage on circuits per cm^3, but whole new school of processor design and fabrication would have to be developed in order to make that happen.

    11. Re:How does this make anything faster? by RicoX9 · · Score: 1

      There are a lot of comments about heat and signal propogation across copper, but another consideration is crosstalk.

      From what I've read, you have to plan carefully when laying out circuit boards to get the traces all the same length, and avoid crosstalk. High speed serialized optical interfaces do away with all those problems. Board design becomes dramatically simplified (potentially).

      IANAEE (I Am Not An Electrical Engineer)

    12. Re:How does this make anything faster? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      OMFG!! Light, voltage, WTF???
      Please, please please... Learn the absolute basics about physics before posting more on this subject!

    13. Re:How does this make anything faster? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Quick and simple explanation: One way is to turn the laser on and off. There exist diode lasers that can switch billions of times a second.

      Another way is using electro-optical modulation. A laser is always on, but one beam passes through electro-optical material that can change optical properties due to an applied electric field. Sort of the idea, I left a lot out.

      For a few reasons I can barely remember, right angle bends in wire (or, say, pcb traces) aren't always a good idea at high frequencies.

      +1/2 sorta half-assed informative. Probably wrong.

    14. Re:How does this make anything faster? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Electricity doesn't travel at c... nowhere near it. Light, on the other hand, travels at c in vacuum, and somewhere between c/10 and c/3 in glass, silicon, etc... still way faster than electric signals down copper or doped silicon.

  28. is this really new? by JustNiz · · Score: 1

    Aren't laser LED's (as used in those $5 laser pointers) made of silicon?

    1. Re:is this really new? by Alioth · · Score: 1

      No. Usually GaAs (gallium arsenide).

    2. Re:is this really new? by Aspasia13 · · Score: 3, Informative

      No, they're typically made with other processes. One such method is with compound semiconductors using III-V materials like Gallium Arsenide. "III-V" refers to the general group of materials used on the periodic table - the materials are usually from those two groups. There are other methods of making lasers too, and I'm sure google can help you find information if you're intersted.

      The big thing is that the processes are different from that which makes Silicon semiconductions, meaning that indutries that already have heavy investment in Silicon production technology would have to purchase new capital equipment. Compound semiconductors are generally more versitile than silicon in general, but are more expensive to make.

      Its kind of a race though, since there have been some big pushes in the compound semiconductor equipment industry in recent years that are reducing some of the negatives from years past.

  29. This is extremely promising and novel by lgreco · · Score: 5, Informative

    Many fellow /.ers seem to wonder why this is newsworthy since integrated photonics is not something new. That's true. But the introduction of solid-state silicon-based lasers is nothing short of revolutionary.

    The discussion and research, thus far, on integrated electronics has hit a road block. Electronics is a silicon-based techology; photonics, for the most (and better part) is not. Specifically, photonic devices, and in particular laser emitters, are made out of a group of materials known as III-V (called three-five) materials, in reference to their position in the corresponding tables of the periodic table (consider, for example, gallium-arsenide GaAs).

    Silicon is not a III-V material. It belongs to column II of the periodic table (notice that columnnar position refers to atomic properties and not to the actual column of the table. For example, column III in the periodic table is spread over actual columns number 3 and 13).

    The fact that silicon and III-V materials do not share common chemical and crystalline properties, as implied by their different positions on the periodic table, is detrimental. The mismatch in their crystalline structure makes the monolithic integration of tiny laser emitters on top of silicon chips, impossible.

    Yet we all agree that optical interconnections between computer components are the key for electronic computers to become better and faster.

    Since monolithinc integration of lasers and CPUs was impossible, till now, because of the materials' mismatch we had to resort to the following limited ways of engaging photonics in computing:

    (a) use of photonics for long-haul data transfer, ie, optical interconnects between entire computers, aka, optical networks; they are great and fast but we still face the bottlenect at the points of conversion between optical and electronic signals.

    (b) hybrid optoelectronic chips; consider a silicon chip with pads on which a GaAs photonic chip rests. The two chips exchange signals thru these pads. The drawback here is the rather poor yields in fabrication and the high cost due to limited demand (and applications) for such devices.

    (c) all optical computers. This was sort of a chimera for many researchers (myself included). While the idea and the concept are promising the implementation is extremely difficult and the promise of quantum computers, now, makes optical data processing a thing of the past.

    Ideally we want a CPU chip made of silicon capable of emitting and receiving light. The photonic component was very difficult on silicon. Silicon is not an ideal material for coherent light emision, neither does it detect light easily. You need a larger area to sense light on silicon, than on GaAs, making silicon photodetectors rather large and thus affecting the scale of integration.

    What Intel appears to have done now, is to introduce a way to monolithically integrate laser sources on silicon chips. They have solved a problem that has been open for years. Their solution will catalyze a field that has been waiting years for such a breakthrough. We knew what to do but we did not have the technology to do it. Intel just gave us the technology we've been expecting.

    1. Re:This is extremely promising and novel by bldrake · · Score: 1

      Indeed, this is a huge breakthrough. We did research back in the 80's on photonic ALUs assuming that someone would eventually be able to fabricate optical components in Si. It took longer than we expected. We were able to demonstrate on optical adder back then using very gross components; sometimes huge crystal chunks (barium nitrate, I think)!!! The switch worked by electrically switching the polarities within the crystal structure. This is a dream come true.

    2. Re:This is extremely promising and novel by johnjay · · Score: 1

      Comments like this are the best reward for reading /.

      Thanks

    3. Re:This is extremely promising and novel by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Silicon is not a III-V material. It belongs to column II of the periodic table (notice that columnnar position refers to atomic properties and not to the actual column of the table.

      Huh? Silicon is a IV material. Go look it up, the periodic table is not going anywhere. Hint: right below Carbon.

    4. Re:This is extremely promising and novel by shis-ka-bob · · Score: 1

      given the quality of the original comment, I think this fall under the 'typo/oops' category.

      --
      Think global, act loco
    5. Re:This is extremely promising and novel by whyde · · Score: 1

      The fact that silicon and III-V materials do not share common chemical and crystalline properties, as implied by their different positions on the periodic table, is detrimental. The mismatch in their crystalline structure makes the monolithic integration of tiny laser emitters on top of silicon chips, impossible.

      I call BS. Last September, Motorola Labs (a part of Motorola, Inc., now Freescale Semiconductor) announced their ability to grow GaAs on top of traditional Si wafers to implement devices like "laser-on-a-chip."

      Verify this for yourself.

    6. Re:This is extremely promising and novel by lgreco · · Score: 2, Informative

      Indeed Si is in IV column of the table. My apologies for the typo. The argument about the crystalline mismatch between columns IV and V still holds of course. -lgreco

    7. Re:This is extremely promising and novel by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Last time I checked (like 10 years ago), Si is in Group IV...

      Has it been moved ?

    8. Re:This is extremely promising and novel by kesuki · · Score: 1

      He was correct about the mismatch, the innovation that lead to such chips is the application of an 'insulator'* (he calls them pads) between the silicon and GaAs... At no time do Silicon and GaAs ever physically touch each other, for good reasons**.

      *=using this term loosly it actually acts as an interconnect

      **=which I can't think of at the moment, probably exploding processor, or corrosion issues possibly even a cpu that emits poison gas ;)

    9. Re:This is extremely promising and novel by Laaserboy · · Score: 1

      But the introduction of solid-state silicon-based lasers is nothing short of revolutionary.

      It's not a silicon-based laser, but rather a silicon-based optical modulator. Thus, it is not revolutionary.

      These are not the lasers we're looking for. Move on.

    10. Re:This is extremely promising and novel by lgreco · · Score: 1

      Call it what suits you but Motorola's innovation does not qualify as monolithic integration. It's a hybrid approach and as such it still faces problems of low yields and high costs. Hybrid integration has been around for a while now. What Intel did seems to be something completely new and different that will allow monolithic integration of processing components and optical interconnect layers within the Si system. -lgreco

    11. Re:This is extremely promising and novel by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Silicon is a Group IV element, not Group II. He was obviously trolling.

    12. Re:This is extremely promising and novel by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not quite BS, the Motorola method makes use of an intermediary layer (STO - Strontium Titanate) which has a lattice constant between that of silicon and gallium arsenide. Also, the method for producing crystalline gallium arsenide (molecular beam epitaxy) requires much more stringent environmental control and is slower (in terms of deposition rate) than more 'traditional' techniques.

      But there are other mismatches as well. The equipment for processing silicon is tooled for 300 mm wafers while that for processing III-V semiconductors is tooled for 150 and 200 mm wafers. But while these tools can be developed, a far bigger problem is the mismatch in the temperature expansion of the two materials.

      The difference in temperature expansion is not too big of a problem for really small things (like micron-sized lasers) but for larger things, the mismatch can lead to cracking, thus 'unintegrating' the second material or even destroying it (and the wafer). This is problematic because there can be wide termperature variance during the processing, or even between the process used to create the hybrid wafer and the processes used to process them.

    13. Re:This is extremely promising and novel by johnjay · · Score: 1

      His response to similar criticism is acceptable. Why call a typo "trolling"? The anonymity of the medium gives you undue license.

    14. Re:This is extremely promising and novel by njh · · Score: 2, Informative

      I'm pretty sure that Silicon is a Group IV element? Wikipedia agrees with me. Or is this yet another naming scheme?

  30. Laser Display, LSD , or Leia ? by thrill12 · · Score: 1

    Then again, this new LSD will probably be very nasty when it produces that very clear and bright image on your screen - in that you can't see it after 10 minutes of working.

    But laser holograms would be possible - allowing a clear "Leia" like projection with high-resolution 'static' lasers, instead of high speed scanning lasers.

    --
    Slashdot: stuff for news, nerds that matter, matter for news, stuff that nerd
    1. Re:Laser Display, LSD , or Leia ? by Vo0k · · Score: 1

      Note "your average" laser can damage your sight. But you can run a laser as weak as you desire, shine it at the bottom of your eye and just see a harmless dot. With the extra profit of saving power.

      --
      Anagram("United States of America") == "Dine out, taste a Mac, fries"
  31. Has to be said by JamesP · · Score: 1

    II for one, welcome our new silicon laser overlords...

    --
    how long until /. fixes commenting on Chrome?
  32. Press Release by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Don't you love article summaries that read like press releases?

  33. Great, now I can't open my computer case by syntap · · Score: 1

    Lord knows the residual beams will hit a plane and I'll get 25 years for changing my graphics card.

    My best sig is this one.

  34. dork by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    siliCON vs siliCONE

    silicon ain't all that shapely

    1. Re:dork by gonzo-wireless · · Score: 0

      /I try and think of a siliCON joke...

      Nope, it's just not happening. Why did you have to be so cruel?

  35. No more lighning strike danger on laptop by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Great we will finally see optical get the mass production scale advanatages we have seen in other chip based solutions. The Firewire 3200 standard has been set years ago (at the same time as firwire 800 electronic) and now we can see it becomming cheaper and cheaper until it is made default for ibooks. No more disconecting from the internet when there is a thunderstorm as there are no conducting connections. Cool.

    I wonder if we will see the optical chips on the port or integrated in the plug so that there is no fiber allignment issue.

    Eventually the system bus will be optical and you will not be able to break any hardware with hot plug and play.

    PS When will your lan use entanglement for security key exchanges?

  36. You are confusing silicone with silicon. by i41Overlord · · Score: 1

    Silicon is not silicone.

  37. Will it facilitate bringing down jetliners? by glrotate · · Score: 0, Flamebait

    Just curious.

  38. Re:Heat issues? by mikeee · · Score: 1

    Theoretically, maybe; firing excess heat in the form of a laser is probably possible. In practice, this sort of laser doesn't get us any closer.

  39. Cell anyone? by PeanutGallery · · Score: 1

    Well yeah, I can get a SMT laser diode overnighted to me, so the idea is nothing new.

    Where the real action is, is the possible connection with the Cell processor, whos premise kindof relies on onboard gigabit+ . I think we all assumed gb/copper, but now...

    (Better start saving up for that PS? if this homeboy files!)

    --
    -- Just another unsolicited opinion... from the Peanut Gallery.
  40. you forgot: by eshefer · · Score: 1

    a bionic implant of said chip onto a sharks forhead.

  41. Call me cynical, but by Zog+The+Undeniable · · Score: 1
    have Intel stuck out a press release to hide the fact that AMD now 0wn the 64-bit market and Windows XP for Itanium has just been dropped by Microsoft?

    "Quick, lab guys, we need some good news!"

    "What about lasers? Lasers are futuristic and cool, aren't they?"

    --
    When I am king, you will be first against the wall.
  42. Re:Pick One by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    (*) Lasers on sharks

  43. Silicon as an optical material by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    'Once you have silicon as an optical material, then you can take advantage of this enormous (silicon) infrastructure that exists around the world,' said Mario Paniccia, director of Intel's photonics lab.

    I dream of a day when we can make optical material out of ordinary sand!

  44. Sept 2001, not last Sept. by whyde · · Score: 1

    I hate to be the one to correct myself, but it just seems like yesterday this was announced. I double-checked my own facts, and it was September 2001 that Motorola demonstrated the capability to implement GaAs on SiO2 wafers, for RF, laser, and other purposes.

  45. New! Silicon and Laser Crunch Cereal! by Aquatopia17 · · Score: 1

    Photonic engineer: Hey, you got computer chips in my lasers!
    Computer engineer: Hey, you got lasers in my computer chips!
    Both: Hmm...

    --
    Don't sweat the petty things. Don't pet the sweaty things. --Stephen J. Simmons
  46. They'd better rename it for the Asian market. by perlow · · Score: 1

    "Turion" sounds very, very similar to the way "Durian" is pronounced in several southeast asian languages.

    A Durian, is a large, porcipine-like fruit that when ripe and cut open, smells and tastes like a mix of a sulphur factory (or rotten garlic or onions) and a lush, creamy custard. The smell is so pungent that you can smell it from a hundred feet away. Many people are so put off by the smell that in public areas like airports and hotel lobbies they have signs that say "No Durians"

    http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/classic/A255575

  47. Just to clarify by phriedom · · Score: 1

    Is isn't clear from the way you worded it, but: This silicon modulator is dramatically (50x) faster than any previous silicon modulator. It isn't yet as fast as other non-silicon solutions, but it is far cheaper. So much cheaper that is changes what can be done with fiber instead of wire.

    --
    Don't moderate flamebait as Troll. Know the difference or you will be Meta-moderated.
    1. Re:Just to clarify by Open_The_Box · · Score: 1

      Fair point. I've never been accused of being easily understood. Just glad to note that there are other people out there that read before posting.

      --
      If you can't think of something nice to say then don't say anything at all. No, REALLY.
  48. You can't make "normal" light sources out of Si by mbessey · · Score: 1

    Assuming by "normal" you meant LED's, there isn't any way to make an LED out of Silicon. As far as I know, there are three mechanisms for producing light emiting devices from Silicon:
    1. This method.
    2. A poorly-understood process involving nanoscale emitters and electron tunneling (which only works in the lab, so far).
    3. You can build an incandescent element out of Silicon :-)

    -Mark

  49. Or keep it parralle by oliverthered · · Score: 1

    Aren't half the pins earth's to stop the noise?

    Switching to light would allow super high speed parallel interfaces because there's no electromagnetic interference.

    --
    thank God the internet isn't a human right.
  50. Sharks.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    > ... appears to have done now, is to introduce a
    > way to monolithically integrate laser sources on
    > silicon chips.

    And they call the chips....
    Sharks.

    Thanks, I'll be here all week.

  51. practical non-binary systems? by bill_mcgonigle · · Score: 1

    I wonder if this will make trinary or quarternary signalling practical. That would help data throughput quite a bit.

    --
    My God, it's Full of Source!
    OUTSIDE_IP=$(dig +short my.ip @outsideip.net)