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Chalk another one up here, anyway...

Why not use integral fast reactors to reduce nuclear waste?

If we burn the long half-life isotopes as nuclear fuel, and leave short half-life isotopes that decay quickly, we can seriously reduce

the amount of nuclear waste

the time that waste needs to be stored.

Infiniband. Infiniband. Infiniband.

The Infiniband NICs are made by Mellanox, and IB switches are made by Mellanox, Voltaire, and one other company whose name eludes me. I don't know who developed the OSX drivers (maybe Mellanox, maybe Apple, maybe both), but AFAIK the high-level MPI library that pretty much everybody (including Va. Tech) uses for IB is a channel driver for MPICH developed by D.K. Panda's group at Ohio State. (I know this because Pete Wyckoff, a co-worker of mine at OSC, has done a whole bunch of debugging and stress testing for Panda's crew; his name's on most of their IB-related papers too.)

In short, the only thing Apple might have bought to the table as far as the IB interconnect on the Va. Tech machine is some driver development.

--Troy

The DI-194 is a nice and cheap device that they used to give away for free, and offers simple 4-channels of analogue input over RS-232. It uses an intentionally obscure protocol to talk over the serial port, so you'll be needing the Dataq DI-194 Linux driver. I've been trying to contact the author (I'm working on Python bindings for this driver) for a few weeks and had no luck, so don't expect to get help from him.

Stuff like DUCRETE (depleted uranium concrete) is really good, 'cause it's got lots of big hefty nucleii spread out fairly evenly -- it makes them harder to miss.

The problem with magnetic and/or charged field shielding is that it only handles charged particles -- plain old neutrons get right through. On the other hand, these guys, who should know, say that the vast majority of the radiation a spaceship needs to deal with is charged particle based.

And generate all sorts of weapons-gradd material in the process.

Only if you use the stupid, 70s-era method of reprocessing, i.e. extracting the plutonium. The 'light' (electrometallurgical) reprocessing used by the Integral Fast Reactor or Advanced Fast Reactor merely separates heavy from light. The light stuff decays quickly; so glassify it and bury it. Heavy stuff goes back into the reactor as fuel. The heavy stuff includes

• Fissile material; like U-235 and plutonium
• Fertile material like U-238; which can be bred into fissile material
• Dangerously-radioactive actinides, which are partially destroyed by neutron bombardment

It's not clear from declassified documents whether it's possible to build an A-bomb from spent fuel. This would certainly be very dangerous for the bomb-builders, and the resulting bomb will probably fizzle -- something between a radiological bomb and a true fission bomb.

Oh yeah -- 'Integral' means the reprocessing facility is on site with the reactor; for security.

Part of the "war on terrorism" should be developing energy sources that allow us to totally eliminate nuclear power

Great! Now tell us your ideas on how to do this. The US should set an example for other countries, so start with this country. Build more gas-fired power plants? This will drive up the demand for gas; driving up the price of gas, and making home heat more expensive for lots of people. Build more coal plants and pollute the air? Create an Energy Gestapo to enforce conservation?

Aside from all that, even if fusion becomes a reality, I'd still like to see breeder reactors built if only to burn up the spent fuel instead of burying it.

Especially considering that's TWO examples of the 430 Active Nuclear Power Plants in the world!

Seriously, now, do try to be a little less alarmist in the future.

Anyone disagree?

It is possible to build under linux using a cross-compiler and some .h files from the NT or Sun versions. I've done it and it works.

See SNS or the tech-talk thread

Chill. We're working on it. This is a tenth of what we do, the site is under construction yet:
Argonne National Laboratory Hydrogen Research
Give us 0.1% of the money we spent on Iraq and we'll give you a hydrogen economy. The question is, do you really want a change, or will you ride your SUV into oblivion?

Fermi Lab. Ok, so it's Batavia, Il, but close enough. And how about Argonne ?(the lab, not the guy from LOTR) Not to mention UofI, birthplace of Mosiac. And the ultimate geek stop The Mystery Spot! Or this one. Isn't there one of these in just about every state in the Union?

Quotes in the article may be too much out of context.

Dijkstra was a mathematician and a theoretical computer scientist. If we talk about programming as a branch of applied mathematics, we are talking for example linear programming or nonlinear programming.

And they are more related to designing of algorithms, than to programming in conventional sense.

Quotes in the article may be too much out of context.

Dijkstra was a mathematician and a theoretical computer scientist. If we talk about programming as a branch of applied mathematics, we are talking for example linear programming or nonlinear programming.

And they are more related to designing of algorithms, than to programming in conventional sense.

At my work, we develop for a smattering of platforms, ranging from Linux, MacOS X and Cygwin to Solaris, IRIX, and a plethora of custom-built supercomputers. It's all done using C++ and MPI. MPI is a standard that specifies how nodes communicate with each other, and what methods/functions are called to do this. MPICH is an implementation put out by Arlington National Labs. LAM is another implementation, put out by Indiana University. LAM is a much nicer implementation IMO, but it's not available on quite as many platforms.

I would recommend these two books: How to Build a Beowulf and High-Performance Computing.

Bottom line: If you have computationally intensive calculations to do, beowulf clusters are a cheap alternative to pricey supercomputers. But if you've just heard they're cool but don't have anything to do with one, it's probably not worth it, as applications have to be specifically (re)written to take advantage of a cluster, they don't get automagically faster.

At my work, we develop for a smattering of platforms, ranging from Linux, MacOS X and Cygwin to Solaris, IRIX, and a plethora of custom-built supercomputers. It's all done using C++ and MPI. MPI is a standard that specifies how nodes communicate with each other, and what methods/functions are called to do this. MPICH is an implementation put out by Arlington National Labs. LAM is another implementation, put out by Indiana University. LAM is a much nicer implementation IMO, but it's not available on quite as many platforms.

I would recommend these two books: How to Build a Beowulf and High-Performance Computing.

Bottom line: If you have computationally intensive calculations to do, beowulf clusters are a cheap alternative to pricey supercomputers. But if you've just heard they're cool but don't have anything to do with one, it's probably not worth it, as applications have to be specifically (re)written to take advantage of a cluster, they don't get automagically faster.

Here's a good link that explains the speed they're using when test firing the foam.

Here's a good link that explains the speed they're using when test firing the foam.

Take a look at OSCAR. We built a nine node cluster out of IBM e-servers using it. It was really quite straightforward.

As far as languages go, you'll need an MPI library (like MPICH, or LAM/MPI (which is also a runtime environment), but the actual code used is usually C, C++, or Fortran. BTW, OSCAR comes with MPICH and LAM/MPI.

Comets actually have two tails: the dust tail and the gas or ion tail. ... Both tails always point *away* from the Sun, independent of the comet's motion.

The dust tail ... may be slightly curved.

At 160,000 feet using high altitude balloon tech to build a suspended launch platform you could fire a rail gun to launch cylinders into space with needed materials.

Not sure any baloon could support thirty miles of electrical cable necessary to power said rail gun. Also think one should consider Newton's Second when speaking of floating rail guns.

These clusters are not beowulf; they allow access through a general scheduler and have MPI to run programs that use a group of nodes at once. This gives the greatest flexability to the users to create a computational system that can be optimzed for the size and needs of their problem. The size of a cluster that can be supported at a national center allows enough computational power to solve problems that can't be solved elsewhere. Given that a cluster of a 128 nodes is now considered an instituitional asset and within the purchasing power of any university, it makes sense to use federal funds to create systems to handle problems beyond the scale of a cluster that any university might own.

Another aspect of this issue arises in the asumption that cluster computing is so easily accomplished that it might be compared to the setup of a single system. I respectfully submit that the simpliest of clusters is none too easy to deploy and use as of today, not to mention the lack of support one gets for the application of their scientific research to a stock parallel computing platform. The national centers can afford to have consultants and researchers on staff that specialize in these matters, as well as full-time admins.

Note: The opinions expressed here are my own and not necessarily representative of my employer or the federal government. In addition, given that I am employed by NCSA, a slight element of bias may be present in my statements. :)

>>A nuclear plant meltdown makes way less radiation than any nuclear weapon.

>Please support this comment with some references.
The bomb is designed to explode(and thus throw out fissile matter and radiation). Nuclear plants are designed to do the exact opposite, keep the radioactive material in. Shouldn't that change a little about what happens?

>>There are nuclear plant designs which are inherently safer. They shutdown automatically without outside control when there is a problem.

>Try 3mile island and chernobyl.
That's why he said safer: safer than those old designs. Here's one design that works, or how about another.

>>Regarding Plutonium being poisonous do you know Caffeine is more poisonous than Plutonium?

>Plutonium emits nice high energy particles that will kill you. Caffeine don't.Poison is not the question here.

It doesn't matter if you don't expose yourself to the radiation

"(we haven't gotten to doing this between architectures yet, mind you)"


Mabye you havn't heard of PVM or MPI.

To answer the third question first: organism have a truly massive number of proteins encoded in their genome, (almost) all of which have a specific and well-defined 3-dimensional structure. Currently the structures for several thousand proteins have been determined, and the structures are deposited at the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Most of these are solved using xray crystallography, which is part of what I'm studying. We've learned that if you are carefull, you can coax purified protein to crystallize rather than just fall out of solution in an uniteresting and useless glop. Hampton Research is one company specializing in supplies relating to the crystallization of proteins, and has some pictures of protein crystals on their site. It had been known for a long time that if you put a nice ordered object (like a crystal) into an xray beam, you would get a diffraction pattern from it. The diffraction pattern can tell you some information about the internal makeup of the crystal, such as how big the repeating unit of the crystal is (crystals are made up of a large number of small units that are stacked next to each other in a lattice). Eventually it was found that you could rotate the crystal in the beam and collect many diffraction patterns from different angles and with a large amount of effort calculate the structure of the molecules in the crystal. In the bad old days in the 60's this meant that you hired a couple of math majors to be human calculators and after five years you would have your protein structure. With computers you can go from data collection to solved structure in only a few months.

I don't quite get the "20 years" thing either. The Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Berkeley was built in 1942, or at least the original building was. It has naturally gone through a number of upgrades, the last being a totally new synchrotron built in 1987-93?. I don't know about wear and tear on the facility but we've found that as far as macromolecular crystallography (usually meaning proteins) goes, xray intensity is no longer an issue. A complete data set collected at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne Nat'l Labs took me less than an hour. That's just 1 second exposures to xrays as opposed to up to an hour or more on our lab's xray source. The big change occuring at synchrotrons for macromolecular crystallography is automation--it takes more time for a newbie to get trained and get set up for their first collection than to actually collect their data, but robotics for this kind of thing are relatively new--also data processing and structure determination is still very time consuming. Structural genomics (basically have structures of all the proteins in an organism determined) is also taking off and automation is a Very Big Thing for them as they screen 100,000's of protein crystals--Syrrx is probably the most advanced at this so far. Of course the problem with structural genomics is that you generate 100's of structures that lay around uniterpreted--a process that still requires a human touch. Anyway, hope that's some help.

Check AWU about the possibilities at these facilities.

Also, check these:

Sandia

Los Alamos

Argonne

Brookhaven

Pacific Northwest

Lawrence Berkeley

Lawrence Livermore

Oak Ridge

And there are other other national labs that I did not mention.

It's the very high end scientific and medical stuff that really benefits from high-end computing, though at that point you also have issues relating to shipping the data involved about. And security too. (What fun!)

I don't know about the eco-system part, but the phase-change aspect has me wondering.

According to the article, the external temperatures on the CPU cooler box was 24 C. According to this page, if you reduce the pressure in your water system down to 3% of 1 atm pressure (relative vacuum), that would be enough to get the water to boil. Once you got the pressure down, you probably wouldn't need any kind of pump. Simply have the water boil at the CPU cooler, then run it through a long heat-sink attached to a copper tube. The water would cool enough to condense back to a fluid, running back down the tube, and repeating the cycle.

Oh, yeah. That already exists; it's called a heat pipe. The one in the linked article is relatively small and has a fan blowing through a radiator for active cooling. How long until somebody out there "rolls their own," with a long, passive heatsink? The author of the article was looking for "quiet," and that would certainly fill the bill.

Okay, I'll byte. Once good AC deserves another, and I'm bored...

The key behind 'science' is the ability to test. You come up with a theory, and there will be some way, even if only hypothetically, that the theory can be proven wrong. A theory is not widely considered to be true until it is proven, but more theories can be based on it under the presumption that it is (sorta like read-ahead caching)

The key here is that it's always possible that it's wrong. This is called falsifiability. Something cannot be true unless it's possible to think of a way that is might be false. It sounds like a paradox, but the idea is that the theory will hold against any evidence brought against it, even when that evidence is thought to prove it wrong.

Religion is not falsifiable, unless you can give me a reasonable test that could prove God does not exist (and this prove the "theory" wrong)... which I assume is the root of your argument: That evolution is false because God created everything.

As for evolution being testable, some people are doing a great job of it. So far the theory has held up as expected.

And let's not forget the unintentional proofs, like antibiotic resistant bacteria

Just because your pet cat never give birth to a litter of dogs is not exactly reason to say evolution is bunk. Maybe if you understood the concept and the theory a little better you wouldn't be so quick to dismiss it.
--

So what?

Since I goofed on the last post, I'll add the obligatory links to:

CERN
The Enrico Fermi Institute
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratories
Agronne National Laboratories
Los Alamos National Laboratories

Yep, all the information you could want on modern Quantum Physics.

There are better places to go in Chicagoland if you're interested in technology history. Like the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, where the first web browser (Mosaic) was developed. Or the University of Chicago, the site of the Manhattan Project, where the first atomic pile was developed and the first artificial nuclear chain reaction occurred. Or the Fermi national accelerator laboratory. Or the Argonne national laboratory. Or the Northwestern University Institute for Nanotechnology. Or the Northwestern University's International Center for Advanced Internet Research. The first sandwich transistor was also designed here, while William Shockley was in town for New Year's Eve, 1947/8.

Also, the MoSaI is a damn sight more than $9, especially now that they encourage you to buy "city passes", which are a combined ticket for the MoSaI, the Field museum, the Shedd aquarium, the Adler planetarium, the Art Institute, the Historical Society, and probably a whole fucking slew of other things.

Sonification is best used when high dimensional temporal relations are what is of interest. The human auditory system is adapted to extract high dimensional covariances in sonic signals. This is very difficult to convey visually.

For more information on sonification, try: (1) Scientific Sonification (2) ICAD -> International Community for Auditory Display

I teach a course on exploratory data analysis at Notre Dame. Go to the bottom of this page for the link to the course.

The article strikes me as very sensationalistic. And your comment seems to be taking it the the wrong way. I'd be inclined to flip it around:

If life survived all the previous pole reversals, why wouldn't it survive the next one?

As for migrating animals- I'd imagine it will cause problems. But then again, many migratory animals rely on other cues in addition to the magnetic field (eg, position of the sun in the sky, etc)

As for radiation, a quick google got me this. So we would probably be in for some impressive northern lights, but no great danger.

Oh you mean something like this. As they'll tell you, it's not as easy as you think. Most commercial projects don't color balance with each other all that well because well, they don't need to. Plus there is need to do some funky stuff with fading around the edges. ANL also has a MicroMural and MicroMural2. The MicroMural2 is pretty impressive to see a full screen hi-res video running on. They've done a good job of making the projecters blend together.

The other issue is the noise and heat that LCD projectors make. Which is pretty significant.

You can do two types of load tests: 1) number crunching and 2) transfer rates. Which is important to you (perhaps both?) is depending on what you want to use the system for.

If you want to crunch a few ones and zeroes, look at the following book: Designing and Building Parallel Programs (it is free!). If you pick a nice algo here you can probably test some bandwidth too.

As a side note: he doesn't need a Beowolf cluster of these, he allready has a distributed computer system!

• peltier coolers to achieve low CPU temp.
• watercooling to cool the hot side of the peltier, watercooling blocks are generally in copper, or in silver (beware werewolves), the lot is affixed to the CPU with dielectric grease. The cooling liquid is distilled water, which does not conduct electricity, not alcohol, nor liquid sodium.
• neopren pockets to protect the mobo from condensation

The way the words parallel, distributed are used, is practically the same thing, as far as I could see on the docs of distcc. However the systems being described by the /. may have some fundamental differences in its internals.

It has been a long time since I tried pmake, however I frankly didn't like the thing. It was always segfaulting for some reason, while the cluster did much more complex jobs without an hassle. Unfortunately the cluster lived its life and now I don't know how things are.

It is not reasonable to consider you can go out just with some yacc/bison/perl and well-made Makefile. Here, things are much more complex. The problem is not compiling every file in a parallel machine but the whole code in small pieces. And that's hard. Some things are capable of going parallel, others not. There are several algorithms to determine what may go parallel or not. There are also some general and analythical methods that adapt data to go parallel right from start. Besides every distributed/parallel system needs to exchange information about interval steps, that every process needs to continue its work.

Frankly I don't know too deep the processes going on parallel compilation but I can guess them under my small practice in parallel computers. Imagine some photo or matrix that is divided into small pieces and sent over several machines. Every time calculations touch the edges of a small piece, the system needs data that is located on the other machines. There are a few methods to pass this information, the most popular is MPI - Message Passing Interface. However it is not an universal solution. In cases when data is too heterogeneous, and calculations don't fit a common method, MPI and its cousins, are an hassle to handle with. Compilers is one of these cases as we are always dealing with different files, different compilers and tons of different interactions among data. To create systems capable of doing parallel compilation, we would need other approaches. At least, these systems should give the developer absolute transparency about the fact that compilation is being done in parallel, or else, this system will be completely useless. Imagine that the developer, while creating a new application, is forced to take into account if his code is capable of being compiled in parallel or not. This will be a huge overload to development, if the app goes over the size of Mozilla.

Actually, having surround sound in an "office of the future" will be extremely important. I think the problem a lot of people have when thinking about something like this is they are thinking surround sound coming out of their computer speakers. But that is not the only place audio will be important in the "office of the future".

What will be great about these proposed offices is teleconferencing and immersive environments. And that is where surround sound (i.e. directional sound) will be incredibly important. If you are teleconferencing with several people, who will be spread out across a wall or several walls, you need audio to help you figure out who is talking. Without it, things will both feel weird and strain your brain. Think watching a movie with left and right channels reversed and both speakers on one side of your head instead of in front.

The same thing goes for video, BTW. You want eye contact to be there, so when you are talking to person A, you better be looking into person A's camera view.

Access Grid nodes encourage stereo sound and camera placement in-line with eye contact. Cool concept images and actual working prototypes of an "office of the future" can be seen at the UNC Office of the Future research site.

• Australia
  
• ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/Mandrake/iso/
• Austria
  
• ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/linux/Mandrake/iso/ (Vienna)
• 
  Czech Republic
  
• ftp://mandrake.redbox.cz/Mandrake/iso/
• http://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/linux/mandrake/iso/ (Brno)
• 
  France
  
• ftp://fr2.rpmfind.net/linux/Mandrake/iso/ (Lyon)
• ftp://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/linux/mandrake/iso/ (Nancy)
• 
  United States
  
• ftp://ftp.cs.ucr.edu/pub/mirrors/mandrake/Mandrake /iso/ (California)
• ftp://ftp.cse.buffalo.edu/pub/Linux/Mandrake/mandr ake/iso (NY)
• ftp://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/pub/Mandrake/iso/ (Illinois)

Australia

ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/Mandrake/iso/

Austria

ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/linux/Mandrake/iso/ (Vienna)
Czech Republic

ftp://mandrake.redbox.cz/Mandrake/iso/

ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/linux/mandrake/iso/ (Brno)
France

ftp://fr2.rpmfind.net/linux/Mandrake/iso/ (Lyon)

ftp://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/linux/mandrake/iso/ (Nancy)
United States

ftp://ftp.cs.ucr.edu/pub/mirrors/mandrake/Mandrake /iso/ (California)

ftp://ftp.cse.buffalo.edu/pub/Linux/Mandrake/mandr ake/iso (NY)

ftp://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/pub/Mandrake/iso/ (Illinois)

Some guy at sciencenet
Dept. of Energy's Ask a Scientist

As you can see, the speed they give varies between a few mm/sec and a few m/s. This basically depends on what assumptions you make when setting up the calculation. A few cm/sec is just a handy order of magnitude estimate.

Only occasionally does a computer prove a theorem previously unsolved by humans, such as Robbins algebras are Boolean, but these tend to be problems (like this one) involving simple algebraic manipulations. Something like Fermat's Last Theorem, forget it; Wiles' proof has not even been verified by computer, much less automatically proved. The correctness of Wiles proof is at this point based on a consensus of human mathematicians, who may or may not (hopefully not) have overlooked some subtle flaw in its incredibly deep proof.

BTW don't confuse theorem provers with symbolic algebra systems such as Mathematica, Maple, or the GPL'ed Maxima. While indispensable for complicated calculus problems etc. beyond what a human can practically do, AFAIK they cannot prove even a simple abstract result such as the irrationality of the square root of 2.

Only occasionally does a computer prove a theorem previously unsolved by humans, such as Robbins algebras are Boolean, but these tend to be problems (like this one) involving simple algebraic manipulations. Something like Fermat's Last Theorem, forget it; Wiles' proof has not even been verified by computer, much less automatically proved. The correctness of Wiles proof is at this point based on a consensus of human mathematicians, who may or may not (hopefully not) have overlooked some subtle flaw in its incredibly deep proof.

BTW don't confuse theorem provers with symbolic algebra systems such as Mathematica, Maple, or the GPL'ed Maxima. While indispensable for complicated calculus problems etc. beyond what a human can practically do, AFAIK they cannot prove even a simple abstract result such as the irrationality of the square root of 2.

Austria

ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/linux/Mandrake-iso/i586/ (Vienna)
Czech Republic

ftp://mandrake.redbox.cz/Mandrake-iso/i586/

ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/OS/Linux/Dist/Mandrake/m andrake-iso/i586/ (Prague)
Estonia

ftp://ftp.aso.ee/pub/os/Linux/distributions/mandra ke-iso/i586/
France

ftp://fr2.rpmfind.net/linux/Mandrake-iso/i586/ (Lyon)

ftp://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/linux/mandrake-iso/i586/ (Nancy)

ftp://ftp.proxad.net/pub/Distributions_Linux/Mandr ake-iso/i586/ (Paris)

ftp://linux.ups-tlse.fr/Mandrake-iso/i586/ (Toulouse)
Germany

ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/Mandra ke-iso/i586/ (Esslingen)

ftp://ftp.join.uni-muenster.de/pub/linux/distribut ions/mandrake-iso/i586/ (Muenster)

ftp://ftp.uni-bayreuth.de/pub/linux/Mandrake-iso/i 586/ (bayreuth)
Hungary

ftp://ftp.linuxforum.hu/mirror/Mandrake-iso/i586/
Netherlands

ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/os/Linux/distr/Mandrake/Man drake-iso/i586/

ftp://ftp.surfnet.nl/pub/os/Linux/distr/Mandrake/M andrake-iso/i586/
Russia

ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/Linux/mandrake-iso/i586/ (Chernogolovka)
Sweden

ftp://ftp.chello.se/pub/Linux/Mandrake-iso/i586/

ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/os/mandrake-iso/i586/ (Dalarma)
Taiwan

ftp://linux.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/Mandrake/mandrak e-iso/i586/
United Kingdom

ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/sunsite.uio.no/pub/un ix/Linux/Mandrake/Mandrake-iso/i586/ (Canterbury)
United States

ftp://ftp.cse.buffalo.edu/pub/Linux/Mandrake/mandr ake-iso/i586/ (NY)

ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/mandrake-iso/i586/ (Oregon)

ftp://ftp.software.umn.edu/pub/linux/mandrake/Mand rake-iso/i586/ (Minnesota)

ftp://helios.dii.utk.edu/pub/linux/Mandrake/Mandra ke-iso/i586/ (Tennessee)

ftp://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/pub/Mandrake-iso/i586/ (Illinois)

ftp://mirrors.secsup.org/pub/linux/mandrake/Mandra ke-iso/i586/

ftp://raven.cslab.vt.edu/pub/linux/mandrake-iso/i5 86/ (Virgina)

ftp://videl.ics.hawaii.edu/mirrors/mandrake/Mandra ke-iso/i586/ (Hawaii)

Australia

ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Brisbane)
Austria

ftp://ftp.univie.ac.at/systems/linux/Mandrake/8.2/ i586/ (Vienna)

ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/pub/linux/Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Vienna)
Belgium

ftp://ftp.belnet.be/packages/mandrake/8.2/i586/
Costa Rica

ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/linux/mandrake/Mandra ke/8.2/i586/
Czech Republic

ftp://ftp.cesnet.cz/OS/Linux/Mandrake/mandrake/8.2 /i586/ (Brno)

ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/linux/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Brno)

ftp://klobouk.fsv.cvut.cz/pub/linux-mandrake/Mandr ake/8.2/i586/ (Prague)

ftp://mandrake.redbox.cz/Mandrake/8.2/i586/

ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/OS/Linux/Dist/Mandrake/m andrake/8.2/i586/ (Prague)

http://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/linux/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Brno)
Denmark

ftp://ftp.dkuug.dk/pub/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Koebenhavn)

ftp://ftp.sunsite.dk/mirrors/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Aalborg)
Estonia

ftp://ftp.aso.ee/pub/os/Linux/distributions/mandra ke/8.2/i586/
Finland

ftp://ftp.song.fi/pub/linux/Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Espoo)
France

ftp://ftp.ciril.fr/pub/linux/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Nancy)

ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/unix/linux/distribu tions/Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Paris)

ftp://ftp.info.univ-angers.fr/pub/linux/distributi ons/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Angers)

ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/linux/distributions/mandrake /8.2/i586/ (Paris)

ftp://ftp.proxad.net/pub/Distributions_Linux/Mandr ake/8.2/i586/ (Paris)

ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/pub/linux/distributions/man drake/8.2/i586/ (Strasbourg)

ftp://linux.ups-tlse.fr/Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Toulouse)
Germany

ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/Mandra ke/8.2/i586/ (Esslingen)

ftp://ftp.de.uu.net/pub/linux/mandrake/8.2/i586/

ftp://ftp.fh-giessen.de/pub/linux/mandrake/8.2/i58 6/ (Giessen)

ftp://ftp.fh-wolfenbuettel.de/pub/os/linux/mandrak e/dist/8.2/i586/ (Wolfenbuettel)

ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Goettingen)

ftp://ftp.join.uni-muenster.de/pub/linux/distribut ions/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Muenster)

ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/os/unix/linux/Mandrake/ Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Munchen)

ftp://ftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/mandrake/8.2/i5 86/ (Chemnitz)

ftp://ftp.tu-clausthal.de/pub/linux/mandrake/8.2/i 586/ (Clausthal)

ftp://ftp.uasw.edu/pub/os/linux/mandrake/dist/8.2/ i586/ (Wolfenbuettel)

ftp://ftp.uni-bayreuth.de/pub/linux/Mandrake/8.2/i 586/ (bayreuth)

ftp://ftp.uni-kassel.de/pub/linux/mandrake/8.2/i58 6/ (Kassel)

ftp://ftp.uni-mannheim.de/systems/linux/mandrake/8 .2/i586/ (Mannheim)

ftp://ftp.vat.tu-dresden.de/pub/Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Dresden)

ftp://ramses.wh2.tu-dresden.de/pub/mirrors/mandrak e/8.2/i586/ (Dresden)

ftp://sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/pub/Linux/ mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Aachen)
Greece

ftp://ftp.duth.gr/pub/Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Thrace)

ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/linux/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Athens)
Hong Kong

ftp://ftp.wisr.eie.polyu.edu.hk/linux/mandrake/8.2 /i586/
Hungary

ftp://ftp.linuxforum.hu/mirror/Mandrake/8.2/i586/
Ireland

ftp://ftp.esat.net/pub/linux/mandrake/8.2/i586/
Italy

ftp://bo.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Bologna)

ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/Mandrake_Mirror/Mandrak e/8.2/i586/
Latvia

ftp://ftp.latnet.lv/linux/mandrake/8.2/i586/
Netherlands

ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/linux/mandrake/8.2/i586/

ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/os/Linux/distr/Mandrake/Man drake/8.2/i586/

ftp://ftp.surfnet.nl/pub/os/Linux/distr/Mandrake/M andrake/8.2/i586/

ftp://ftp.wau.nl/pub/Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Wageningen)
Poland

ftp://ftp.ps.pl/mirrors/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Szczecin)

ftp://ftp.task.gda.pl/pub/linux/Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Gdansk)
Portugal

ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/linux/Mandrake/Mandrake/8. 2/i586/ (Coimbra)

ftp://tux.cprm.net/pub/Mandrake/8.2/i586/
Russia

ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/Linux/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Chernogolovka)
Singapore

ftp://ftp.singnet.com.sg/opensource/linux/Mandrake /8.2/i586/
Slovakia

ftp://spirit.profinet.sk/mirrors/Mandrake/8.2/i586 / (Bratislava)
Spain

ftp://ftp.cesga.es/pub/linux/Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Galicia)

ftp://ftp.cica.es/pub/Linux/Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Sevilla)

ftp://ftp.rediris.es/pub/linux/distributions/mandr ake/8.2/i586/
Sweden

ftp://ftp.chello.se/pub/Linux/Mandrake/8.2/i586/

ftp://ftp.chl.chalmers.se/pub/Linux/distributions/ Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Gothenburg)

ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/os/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Dalarma)
Switzerland

ftp://ftp.pcds.ch/pub/Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Neuhausen)

ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/mandrake/8.2/ i586/ (Zurich)
Taiwan

ftp://linux.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/Mandrake/mandrak e/8.2/i586/

ftp://linux.csie.nctu.edu.tw/distributions/mandrak e/Mandrake/8.2/i586/

ftp://mdk.linux.org.tw/pub/mandrake/8.2/i586/
Turkey

ftp://ftp.ankara.edu.tr/pub/linux/dagitimlar/Mandr ake/8.2/i586/ (Ankara)
United Kingdom

ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/sunsite.uio.no/pub/un ix/Linux/Mandrake/Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Canterbury)
United States

ftp://ftp-linux.cc.gatech.edu/pub/linux/distributi ons/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Georgia)

ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/mandrake/Mandra ke/8.2/i586/ (Florida)

ftp://ftp.cse.buffalo.edu/pub/Linux/Mandrake/mandr ake/8.2/i586/ (NY)

ftp://ftp.nmt.edu/pub/linux/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (New Mexico)

ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Oregon)

ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/distributions/mandrake/8.2/i 586/ (Virginia)

ftp://ftp.umr.edu/pub/linux/mandrake/Mandrake/8.2/ i586/ (Missouri)

ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/linux/mandrake/8.2/i586 / (Indiana)

ftp://linux-cs.tccw.wku.edu/pub/linux/distribution s/Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (WKU-Linux, Western Kentucky University)

ftp://mirror.aca.oakland.edu/linux/mandrake/8.2/i5 86/ (Michigan)

ftp://mirror.cs.wisc.edu/pub/mirrors/linux/Mandrak e/8.2/i586/ (Wisconsin)

ftp://mirror.mcs.anl.gov/pub/Mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Illinois)

ftp://mirrors.ptd.net/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (Pensylvania)

ftp://mirrors.secsup.org/pub/linux/mandrake/Mandra ke/8.2/i586/

ftp://uml-pub.ists.dartmouth.edu/mirrors/ftp.mandr akesoft.com/pub/Mandrake/mandrake/8.2/i586/ (New Hampshire)

ftp://videl.ics.hawaii.edu/mirrors/mandrake/Mandra ke/8.2/i586/ (Hawaii)

http://mandrake.dsi.internet2.edu/Mandrake/8.2/i58 6/ (For Internet2 academic institutions only)

Unfortunately, fissionable stuff is running out just as quickly as burnable.

True, since neither one is running out any time soon.

Breeder reactors could keep us going for millenia, and there's enough natural gas in the form of gas hydrates in the deep oceans to last several hundred years at least.

For Mr. Cite-Geek below,

Nuclear Fuel:
"Known uranium reserves are sufficient to supply the world's needs for many centuries"

"The use of
breeder reactors could extend the availibility of nuclear fission resources another 100,000 years."

Gas hydrates:

[Two regions off the Carolinas] contain more than 70 times the 1989 gas consumption of the United States

"Worldwide, estimates of the natural gas potential of methane hydrates approach 400 million trillion cubic feet -- a staggering figure compared to the 5,000 trillion cubic feet that make up the world's currently known gas reserves.

Let's see YOUR cites, Greenie.

perhaps you'd like to explain to me how you would store a TeraWatt-hour for later useage in a nominally efficient way.

Use it to drive a very big flywheel in a vacuum. (look here)

Use it to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Recombine when necessary. (look here)

Both are nominally efficient.

From: http://www.anl.gov/x500/

Search resultsfor "Taylor" in Argonne National Laboratory, USA

Found 16 entries by exact (type 2) match.

People:
Alexander B. Taylor
Clyde R. Taylor
David M. Taylor
Derek J. Taylor
Douglas R. Taylor
Jeffrey S. Taylor
John A. Taylor
John D. Taylor
Jonathan W. Taylor
Joyce A. Taylor
Kurt D. Taylor
Laurie L. Taylor
Michael W. Taylor
Richard L. Taylor
Stuart Taylor
Valerie Taylor


Amazing... No Angela Taylor...

The Access Grid is a project started at Argonne National Lab's Math and Computer Science Division to build a mostly open videoconferencing system over the Internet, using multicast audio and video streaming. You may want to take a look at their technology to see if they have ideas you can use.

Anyway, a "node" on the Access Grid consists of a room with at least three computers: a multihead box running Win2k for display to several video projectors, a computer running Linux for audio capture and playback, and another running Linux for video capture. The audio capture machine usually runs into a Gentner AP400, which does echo cancellation as well as phone bridging.

I don't know of anybody who has software that does this; sorry.

--Troy

Argonne has a scalable Linux cluster. It's called Chiba City

--
The Grid Report