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You didn't read your own linked story. The USA snoops on powers but doesn't hand that over to corporations. OTOH, the Chinese snoops #1 priority is to steal everything nailed down so that they can duplicate it for economic gain. Pretty much complete opposites.

The USA snoops on foreign corporations and hands that information over for the benefit of American companies.

People will trade their passwords for a candy bar.

Plus, public sector workers at least have some job security. I've worked in the private sector for 20+ years, there's a reason it's called "at-will" employment. Sticking your neck out to report a breach won't win you any friends, doesn't gain you anything, and if it get someone who's politically savvy in trouble it could blow back on you. Safer and easier to keep quiet and keep your job.

I wish it weren't like that—and to be fair, the best teams I've worked with weren't (and aren't!) like that. But way too many offices run that way, and politics and sleaziness beats honesty and ethics nine times out of ten.

That's the common Americanised view of how you could've made Iraq go better, but this is precisely the sort of ill conceived view that I suspect this book is trying to deal with.

The problem is that the Baath party was brutal. Like, really brutal. We're talking about the people who gassed the Kurds, who had no qualms with using human shields, and took no issue with putting power drills through the eyes of captured PoWs as a form of torture.

Given that, it'd be naive to think that that country wouldn't have collapsed into chaos at some point anyway in the exact same way that Libya, or Syria has. You would've also needed to moderate the Baath party to a level whereby it wasn't just gagging for an uprising too.

But, and this is something that review and presumably the book itself in more detail refers to and that's the fact that the Baath party didn't just vanish into non-existence.

In Western media we're constantly being given the impression that IS is a rag tag bunch of bandits. A bunch of local militants and a bunch of foreign militants that have teamed up to cause a bit of case. This begs the question, if they're so rag tag then how the hell are they managing to run a defacto state with all the institutions you'd expect from a state (even if rather warped) like courts, banks, industry, tax collection, communications, media and so on. How are they managing to stand firm against a standing army backed by the most powerful airforces in the world? How are they managing to stand firm against Iranian forces and militias? Against the Syria government with it's battle hardened soldiers and it's typically not available to rag tag militia Russian/Iranian equipment?

The answer? Because the idea that IS is just a bunch of rag tag militants is wholly false. IS is in large part the modern incarnation of the Baath party. Those atrocities they carry out? they're straight out of the Baath party's playbook from the last 40 years. That defacto state they run? It's got all the qualitities of a state because backing it are many professional judges, politicians, and business folk from Saddam era Iraq. Those battles they're fighting? those cities they're capturing? those are the cities they were born in, or served in under Saddam, these are the generals that fought powers like Iran in the 70s and 80s and won, those are the foot soldiers who comprised Saddam's Republican Guard which was one of the most effective special forces units in the region in the 80s and 90s. Every now and then, evidence of this slips through:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/worl...

When you stop thinking of IS as a rag tag bunch of militants, and start understanding that much of their backbone is comprised of the remnants of Saddam's regime it makes a lot of other things clear. Those atrocities IS carries out? it's not simply because they're evil people (though they are), it's a continuation of the sort of shock and awe horror tactics that Saddam's regime was famous for. When you understand that much of IS is comprised of professional special forces and experienced generals from Saddam's era fighting in the regions they lived in and served in, it starts to be a lot more understandable as to how IS has made so much progress in Iraq. Then finally, in the context of your point on Iran, you begin to understand why IS and Iran are so interested in fighting each other, why the Kurds are willing to so vehemently fight IS even outside of their own territory helping the Yazidis in Iraq, and pushing well beyond Kobane and Kurdish Syrian regions - these are old scores that are being settled. It's the 80s Iran-Iraq war in continuation.

IS can stand up to nation state's standing armies, because it is a defacto nation state with a professional standing army of battle hardened experienced soldiers who know where the military bases are, how they're laid out, how to assault them, and where the guns are hidden, precisely because they used to be garrisoned in them. They know ho

You can expect to travel over four million miles on a German or French train before sustaining a transit-related injury.

In America it's 84,300 miles.
 

It's not "bad" about Muslims, it's a fact. There is a big rock that they all make a pilgrimage to, in Mecca, named Alhajar Al-Aswad. It could also be a piece of shock glass from an impact. And your not quoting me about "blinding", I didn't type that. Not sure why you think I said anything about "blinded by a meteorite"...maybe you should read my comment again? Here is some info on Constantine and the possibility of a meteorite fueling his conversion, or at least his conversion of everyone else since he didn't actually convert until on his deathbed.

It's not "bad" if they worship a space rock, it's somewhat common. It does seem a bit paradoxical for a religion that is so iconoclastic to hold a physical object in such veneration.

Advertising should be either sought after or relatively invisible. I quit watching television in the 80's and I allowed advertising on websites whilst it was apparent that they paid for the service I was using. These days advertising kills people http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-e... So fuck the bastards.

Scientists predict the arctic ocean will be ice free by2012. Or maybe by 2015. Or by the year 2000. Hard to say, really.

I think the poster may be referring to stuff like this. Granted, that's an extreme case--more often it's just plain misinformation about how effective condoms are, but I think it's pretty reasonable to say that the church hasn't been helping.

Think of the London metropolitan area as the new Royal Court. A royal toilet cleaner isn't privileged relative to the nobility, but he is privileged relative to toilet cleaners elsewhere.

You're a fucking idiot.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-e...

http://www.newstatesman.com/po...

http://www.theguardian.com/uk-...

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character.

(Full text at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ame...)

Unlike some folks here, I'm old enough to remember seeing prominent "White Only" and "Colored Only" signs on the campus of an American state-run university.

Last time I was in North Carolina, I saw an old building. The side of the building had been recently exposed by the tearing down of the building next to it; one could see that this was the case by the exposed foundation of the structure that'd been removed and the relative discolouration of the bricks on that side of the remaining one. Also exposed on that side of the building: the legend "COLORED ENTRANCE" in block letters about a meter high, underscored with an arrow pointing to the rear.

This is stuff within living memory, evidence for which can still be seen in many places. Yet the denialists continue to deny, or to pretend to themselves that it just all magickally went away a half-century ago. *sigh*

Where did I say anything about Malthus?

POPULATION BOMB :Paul R. Ehrlich
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M...

Neo-Malthusianism generally refers to people with the same basic concerns as Malthus, who advocate for population control programs, to ensure resources for current and future populations

Hope this is informative for you.

Source:
The IPCC Report [www.ipcc.ch]

The ipcc ? ehh

http://www.spiegel.de/internat...

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/713...

I like my science with less politics and less people screaming doom you must do this, that way so they can make money off of it.

I'm well ware of the different processes and methods to manufacture oil from different sources, and those are certainly something to look into, but again, it doesn't negate the fact that natural deposits of fossil fuels are limited and we cannot ignore this. If anything it backs up my point: if we didn't need to worry about running out of oil, technologies such as this would not be investigated or needed

So new sources of oil and oil products don't count because ?????

Seriously you need to learn what a strawman is so you can build better ones.

no one thinks Gates and Microsoft invented the PC. no one thinks they invented the GUI

No-one here on / but plenty in the wider world. Just one example from a quick Google "We all know that Bill Gates created the personal computer"

.... but they did in fact make the PC affordable.

More bollocks. In the UK I bought my first personal computer, an Amstrad (with CP/M and a printer) for 400 GBP ($600) when an IBM PC with DOS (and no printer) cost around 1200 GBP ($1800). I, and other young techies at the time, regarded the IBM PC as a corporate machine that was unaffordable (and undesirable) for home. Even at work very few people were issued with one. The subsequent spectacular reduction in IBM compatible PC prices was due to falling hardware costs and owed nothing to Microsoft. It owed more to Alan Sugar and the manufacturers of hard drives and memory.

Today the price label on a desktop or laptop is typically a quarter of the 1980 price label, while Microsoft's operating system price label has trebled, having gone through a period in the 90's - the very period when PCs became "affordable" - when it was five times the 1980 price. The percentage of the cost of a PC that goes to MS for their pre-loaded operating system was 3% in 1980 but is typically 20% today.

I suggest you watch this interview with Sugar to hear what a dominant and frustrating part Microsoft's OS price was in setting the price of the PCs he made and sold.

The summary fails to mention that it didn't all go to plan:

The booster that took the capsule up is said to have failed on the way down.

It is supposed to land vertically and softly, ready for another flight, but a hydraulic problem meant this part of the mission did not go as planned.

I read "did not go as planned" as "ended in a spectacular fireball," but they haven't released any images or video of that.

Incidentally the BBC's headline was:

Jeff Bezos conducts New Shepard flight

which sounded to me like he'd gone up in the thing.

but here in the u.s. a well-connected, socially-networked public just riots, instead.

Google should focus on what it's good at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/tech...

Obesity is not caused by lack of exercise. It is caused by eating too much.

Exercise is not a good way to reduce weight. Eating less (and better) is.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/heal...

some bodyguards kill the people they are supposed to protect, especially in Pakistan when the person being protected in non-Muslim or tries to change stupid blasphemy laws http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/worl...

Yeah just like the Sikh bodyguards who killed Indra Gandhi. In India. Same DNA in both countries, pretty fucked up.

some bodyguards kill the people they are supposed to protect, especially in Pakistan when the person being protected in non-Muslim or tries to change stupid blasphemy laws http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/worl...

Other than Afghanistan being willing to extradite him if they were given evidence he was complicit in the crime? Here's an idea.... give the fucking Afganie gov the fucking evidence! I'd suggest that would have been a whole fucking hell of a lot better than what we did on pretty much every fucking level.. unless you're a fucking murderous sociopath that needs to be removed from society because you're a danger to everyone around you.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sou...

http://www.theguardian.com/wor...

Seriously, if all your going to do is regurgitate useless ignorant bullshit... don't bother.

That's where the bullshit starts. At least in Europe, immigrants are mostly healthy young people, that pay into but don't use the horribly expensive health care system, tend to save and live way below their means, and unlike the local poor, try to stay as much as possible out of any trouble (despite what hysterical racists want you to believe).

Not according to any statistics I have ever seen. Do you have any other data? I would like to see.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4399748.stm
http://journalistsresource.org/studies/society/race-society/france-muslims-terrorism-and-challenges-of-integration-research-roundup
etc.

'Illegal immigration' is an artificial construct. Everybody should be free to live and work where he wants to. It's for a good reason that we got rid of Pales of Settlement, guilds that can be entered only through inheritance, serfs tied to land, etc. It's very obvious what the next step should be.

Everything is an artificial construct. Society is, of course, an artificial construct. Why don't I just come and live in your house? Why don't I just come and work in your office? Obviously that's an absurd example, but it shows that society is full of artificial constraints. Countries control their citizens (to varying degrees), for the most part with the stated goal of making life better for their citizens. Unless you are a far extreme libertarian, most people don't actually believe anything remotely like what you've stated.

The BBC have recently switche from having a separate mobile site to a reponsive design. The responisve site is better than the old mobile site. Will it be penalised for modernisation?

story I'll just leave that there for you to look at. Artic will be completely ice free by 2013, by your scientists that shouldn't be questioned.

Here it is 2015 and I'm the idiot for pointing out they are wrong. This is why I think science is groupthink. They made a prediction, they were 100% wrong in outcome, and I get called names by pointing it out. This happened in the past. A guy said the earth rotates around the sun and had evidence, but everyone else called him a heretic and said he was wrong and the sun rotates around the earth.

You do understand that a) Maslowski was speaking about the possibility, not the certainty, and b), that he did not represent the mainstream, but deviated from it significantly? Indeed, this is the very opposite of "group think" - it's a range of different opinions.

heck look at what we did to the wolf: all those weird mutant dog shapes, sizes, and coats

We did a similar thing with the wild boar, by selectively breeding from the ones that were fatter, less aggressive, and with smaller tusks.

But if we tried till the end of time we couldn't get one to fuck a jellyfish.

Not the same thing at all.

story I'll just leave that there for you to look at. Artic will be completely ice free by 2013, by your scientists that shouldn't be questioned.

Here it is 2015 and I'm the idiot for pointing out they are wrong. This is why I think science is groupthink. They made a prediction, they were 100% wrong in outcome, and I get called names by pointing it out. This happened in the past. A guy said the earth rotates around the sun and had evidence, but everyone else called him a heretic and said he was wrong and the sun rotates around the earth.

You are completely correct about the failed predictions of the enviro doom crowd (How is your soylent green today ?). Just a minor peeve though the Earth rotates on its axis and revolves about the Sun.

story I'll just leave that there for you to look at. Artic will be completely ice free by 2013, by your scientists that shouldn't be questioned.

Here it is 2015 and I'm the idiot for pointing out they are wrong. This is why I think science is groupthink. They made a prediction, they were 100% wrong in outcome, and I get called names by pointing it out. This happened in the past. A guy said the earth rotates around the sun and had evidence, but everyone else called him a heretic and said he was wrong and the sun rotates around the earth.

This is a great idea, and as we hear on BBC, there are already existing tunnels all over the world, dug by Tibetans:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programme...

If you want to be exact, use a dead language. There is a reason why many dead languages are dead, they failed to evolve over time, which makes them suitable for being exacting.

Then you have the problem of neologisms cf Lexicon Recentis Latinitatis

The Heartbleed logo is the first logo designed in almost 50 years that has no need for a drop shadow.

http://google.com/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/

...started a criminal war in Iraq...

I'm still trying to figure why everybody gives the Afghanistan opium war a pass. Why would they believe one lie and not the other? It makes no sense. And please, don't let the democrats play innocent on this. They all stood together and made some good money.

An addiction is only a problem if it interferes with life to the point where it's detrimental. It's the same whether it's a "library addiction", "drinking addiction", or an "internet addiction". Doing something a lot isn't bad, but if you do it it to the point where it can harm yourself or someone else is a totally different matter. Take this story for example: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asi... where a couple inadvertently starved their 3 month old baby to death while spending 12 hour days at an internet cafe playing an MMO.

Or the paedophile ring that allegedly operated in the 1970s and 1980s and included several high-ranking government politicians. The same ring that the police were prevented from investigating several times thanks to alleged government interference.

Childline is run by the NSPCC. The NSPCC has something of a history of abusing statistics and using poor survey methodology to generate scary statistics.

Here's a BBC article on their survey: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/educ...

I can't find anything yet that describes exactly how the survey was carried out - mostly I find columns expressing shock at the claimed numbers - but I wouldn't trust the findings too much without checking where they come from.

So the suicide was purely down to mental illness rather than the revenge porn? I suppose it is similar to deliberately giving peanuts to someone with a peanut allergy - It was their peanut allergy that killed them of anaphylactic shock, not the person who gave them the peanuts!

(</sarcasm> - in case anyone was wondering!)

Actually, you don't say whether you think revenge porn should be illegal in the US, only that victims (mainly women) should be 'man' enought to put up with it!

(I'm pleased to say that in England and Wales (I'm in England) it is already illegal - http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-31429026. Scotland and Northern Ireland are considering it.)

The German Airline Pilots Association pointed out that the flight data recorder was still missing and that the reasons that led to the crash could only be determined once all data had been examined.

The European Cockpit Association said the release of voice recorder data was a "serious breach" of globally accepted rules. It said many questions remained unanswered.

Read and educate yourself, you are the one without facts here.

About why Barclays was pushing the submissions lower:

At the onset of the financial crisis in September 2007 with the collapse of Northern Rock, liquidity concerns drew public scrutiny towards Libor. Barclays manipulated Libor submissions to give a healthier picture of the bank's credit quality and its ability to raise funds. A lower submission would deflect concerns it had problems borrowing cash from the markets.

Source

About what index is used for variable mortgages (*hint* it is not LIBOR):

What is a Standard Variable Rate?

A Standard Variable Rate is (rather obviously) a type of variable rate – this means your payments can go up or down according to movements in interest rates. Unlike a tracker, a Standard Variable Rate (or SVR) does not track above the Bank of England Base Rate at a set percentage.

What is the Bank of England Rate

Changes are recommended by the Monetary Policy Committee and enacted by the Governor.

Link

The comment I replied to is just a random mix of poorly used facts to bash against banking without understanding and jumping from imprecise facts to incorrect conclusions.

I would also point out that selling the content in other territories around the world has been an importance source of revenue for the BBC for many decades.

I just checked this, and I'm surprised by how much money they get from this: One quarter of their income is from commercial BBC Worldwide sales.

Without it the license fee would have to be much higher to support the content that is produced.

I wouldn't say "much higher". It would be 36% higher. Definitely noticable, but not dramatic. Or they would have to produce or buy somewhat less expensive programs. Still, it's much higher than the handfull of % that I had imagined.

It isn't that they would refuse all service to a gay couple, rather that they refuse to bake items against their beliefs.
On the radio they were discussing the story and comparing it to forcing a muslim owned business to publish a cartoon mocking Muhammad.
If you say it is illegal to refuse then you essentially aren't you putting them out of business unless they are willing to forego their beliefs.

So, does that mean that blasphemy has also been retracted as an Indian legal concept?

I have no idea.

But someone who probably does know is Professor John Hattie of the University of Melbourne.

"His research interests include performance indicators and evaluation in education, as well as creativity measurement and models of teaching and learning. He is a proponent of evidence based quantitative research methodologies on the influences on student achievement. Prior to his move to the University of Melbourne, Hattie was a member of the independent advisory group reporting to the New Zealand's Minister of Education on the national standards in reading, writing and maths for all primary school children in New Zealand. Hattie undertook the largest ever meta-analysis of quantitative measures of the effect of different factors on educational outcomes. His book, Visible Learning, is the result of this study."

This link has a short extract from an interview from a 30minutes BBC interview, which I recommend listening to if it's accessible from your domicile.

The warming data clearly indicates that rate of temperature of last 50 years is far higher than any other period in history

Why do you believe that? It's not even true for the last 150 years - even less so if we include the rest of the Holocene.

Q: Do you agree that according to the global temperature record used by the IPCC, the rates of global warming from 1860-1880, 1910-1940 and 1975-1998 were identical?

A: So, in answer to the question, the warming rates for all 4 periods are similar and not statistically significantly different from each other.
- Phil Jones, director of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU)

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/851...

Until a few decades ago it was generally thought that all large-scale global and regional climate changes occurred gradually over a timescale of many centuries or millennia, scarcely perceptible during a human lifetime. The tendency of climate to change relatively suddenly has been one of the most suprising outcomes of the study of earth history, specifically the last 150,000 years (e.g., Taylor et al., 1993). Some and possibly most large climate changes (involving, for example, a regional change in mean annual temperature of several degrees celsius) occurred at most on a timescale of a few centuries, sometimes decades, and perhaps even just a few years. The decadal-timescale transitions would presumably have been quite noticeable to humans living at such times, and may have created difficulties or opportunities (e.g., the possibility of crossing exposed land bridges, before sea level could rise)

http://www.esd.ornl.gov/projec...

(This post does not question AGW. It does question strange statements regarding our current climate that have no scientific basis)

I'm inclined to ignore everything that link says, because the writer can't go two sentences without invoking a 'leftist' conspiracy.

Basic rule: Never link to a column commenting on another column. Follow the chain, link to whatever the commenting is commenting on. Repeat until you reach the end, or find a column that doesn't specify a source. The site you linked is actually commenting on a Daily Mail column, which is in turn commenting on a BBC story, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/maga...

Doctors say South Africa has some of the greatest need for penis transplants anywhere in the world.

Made me laugh, but it's obviously a serious problem.

Sarcasm aside, yes it is.

At this point I think you need to provide us with an example where it failed with paired links so we have a better idea of what you're looking for.

I am not a particularly involved student of this field, so my links would be of the popular kind, for which I apologize in advance. But here it is:

1. In 2000 Dr David Viner, a senior research scientist at the climatic research unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia, predicted that "Children just aren't going to know what snow is". It is now 2015 and there has not been a snow-free winter in the UK since. Some were particularly snowy: 2014-15, 20122010-11.
2. In 2004 there was a prediction, that "Scottish ski industry will cease to exist within 20 years". We are now half-way through that prediction, so it might still come to pass. But in 2014 Scotland had its snowiest winter in 69 years and the skiing industry is striving.
3. In 2007 BBC published a prediction of ice-free Arctic on or before 2013 by an American climate scientist stating (repeated by Al Gore in 2008). 2013 came and went, but there has not been a single ice-free summer in the Arctic ocean.

Now, I'm not prepared to argue the validity of the above claims — all you asked for were samples of what I'm looking for.

Of course, your samples would have to be valid — because you want me (and the rest of humanity) to change our way of life. The burden of proof is thus on you.

But actual stamped optical media (like store-bought CD's/DVD's/etc) does not degrade.

Search "disc rot". It doesn't only affect home-burned discs, commercial discs are not immune.

To match against their 12 million images of suspects and offenders? So they've filtered out all the innocent people then? http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/tech...

>Homeowners should consider fitting CCTV to trap burglars, the country's most senior police officer declared yesterday.

Now, from an article from six days ago...

> Theft, burglary and shoplifting have "virtually been decriminalised" because the offences are not treated as a priority by police or the courts [...]
> When a burglary occurs, a bike is stolen or a phone is taken, many victims will report the theft to the police, but often it is solely as a way of getting a crime number to give to their insurance company. There is too often a resignation that nothing can be done [...]

So, really, this is just some government level snooping under the guise of a bullshit "burglary" excuse.

Well, it turns out that the protesters were 100% right on that one.

It only "turns out" that way, because those same people, who protested it back then, also run major media outlets. Do you suppose, that Time-magazine's reporter could've written: "We were all morons doing the bidding of America's enemies"?

No, the most you could get 10 years after he went protesting, was to admit, their protest was coordinated — though it is unclear by who...

Bush II and the neo-con war criminals

Please, what "war crimes" are you talking about? Saddam Hussein violated the cease-fire agreement of 1992 so many times, Clinton should've resumed shooting in his time. No, it was no "war crime". But let's not get too side-tracked...

much trouble beating Vladimir Putin in a global popularity contest

Every little bit counts. Like I said, Putin does not need a "win" — a "tie" would be sufficient. And Westerners have always been gullible — the generation calling Bush "war criminal" was raised by morons seriously equating Joseph McCarthy to Lavrenty Beria...

Or is it that invading a distant nation for its oil wealth

Ah, I should have known... Where there are "war crimes", "war for oil" can not be far behind — like Moon-landing denials it just would not die. For 10 years Saddam Hussein was prevented from selling his oil. All we had to do to get it was to agree to lifting the sanctions — which would've been much cheaper than war. Instead, we went after oil-tycoons for breaking the embargo.

Of course, it was "better" — for we didn't annex anything. But see, win an argument, just use a (false) tu quoque to tie your opponent. And you are now doing (or trying to do) the same to me...

peninsula that was recently part of Russia

Score another one for Kremlin! Last time Crimea was part of Russia was 1954 — or 60 years ago. Before that, in 1918, it was part of Ukraine (36 years earlier). So, which one was "recent"?

and is still full of Russians

It is just as full of ethnic Ukrainians now, but, more importantly, achieving that nice White appearance required ethnic cleansing it off Crimean Tatars, who were only allowed to return by the newly-independent Ukraine in 1990-ies. They are now in trouble again — suspected by the occupiers for their loyalty to Ukraine.

So what if it is "full of Russians"? Texas, Arizona, and California are full of Mexicans — would some new Santa Anna be justified invading those states and organizing a referendum?

Khrushchev should never have given it to Ukraine.

Yes, and Romanov should not have sold Alaska — did you just pre-emptively justify Russian invasion into US? Can Japan now use the example to take back Kuril Islands? Japanese special forces may be just as "polite" as Russians were in Crimea and, once the occupation succeeds, arranging a "referendum" i

The US, on the other hand, largely follows a philosophy of punishment (in concept if not enshrined in law); the idea is that the fear of prison as a punishment will keep people out of mischief.

Of course, we as a country also like to ignore the fact that we have the largest prison population in the world, which disproves that idea rather handily. Note that it is not merely the largest per-capita. We have more than twice as many people in jail as any other country save China, who we still beat by around 50%.

China takes pollution film offline
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/worl...