Mozilla Firefox 2 Alpha 1 Available
Mini-Geek writes "Code-named Bon Echo, the first Alpha of Firefox 2.0 is now officially available. You can download it at ftp.mozilla.org. From the article: 'Here are some new features in Bon Echo Alpha 1 that require feedback: Changes to tabbed browsing behavior, New data storage layer for bookmarks and history (using SQLlite), Extended search plugin format, Updates to the extension system to provide enhanced security and to allow for easier localization of extensions, Support for SVG text using svg:textPath'"
Will it use less memory than 0.x / 1.x ??
We all know that Firefox has had (and still has) a lot of memory issues. Will embedding a database in memory help or worsen these issues?
I haven't used SQLite, can anyone with experience using it please comment?
So is this any different than the Firefox 2 alpha that wasn't released yesterday?
takes me back to the good old days when it was new, fresh, and charmingly not yet seemingly perfect, but so much the best choice!
Moderation in All Things... Especially Moderation - gurutc
I've always wondered why bookmarks don't sort themselves by most often used to least recently. Maybe it will happen now. But the changes to tabbed browsing behaviour - hmm - I hope that means something like memory optimisation and not making it more like the tabs in Konqueror. Blech.
Get your own free personal location tracker
Seriously - that's all the new features? How does that warrant a 2.0 label and not a 1.8? Firefox has been pretty innovative or good at putting great features together that Opera and Microsoft haven't done (yet), but now it seems IE7 has caught up in so many ways, but Firefox 2.0 will be just a minor, incremental update. Hell, bigger changes have gone in the post 1.0 releases. Come on...
Here's a link that confirms this!
This guy's the limit!
I hope more browsers end up using SVG. There are some very nifty uses that can be made of it - an example of which is the porn database - http://pdatabase.dyndns.biz (how's it going, John? :) )
Get your own free personal location tracker
Now that Firefox 2.0 has begun its testing phase, I wonder will the browser be full compatible with all the very latest compatibility tests for web browsers. I remember one rather severe test (whose name escapes me) that the current Opera browser works correctly with; will the Mozilla Foundation make Firefox 2.0 pass this test also?
Works fine on Windoze even after 2 hours .. No crashes or memory hogs.
In addition, it is co-existent with Firefox.
TFA doesn't say anything about new exciting features. I wonder what made them decide it to be 2.0 alpha instead of 1.6? Was it just so that they could reach the planned milestone?
I read something about they were trying to optimize the renderengine, so it could support cairo and have hardware acceleration... no promises was made, but they expected it to be in 2.0 (correct me if I'm wrong).
I guess the more comprehensive changelog (which isn't available yet) will reveal some more interesting changes - perhaps some nice performance enhancements?
For those who are wondering - the 2.0 alpha build renders the ACID 2 test exactly the same as Mozilla 1.7.12. (http://www.webstandards.org/files/acid2/test.html #top)
I don't personally think that the ACID 2 test is the be-all end-all test, but I know the question will be asked, hence the post.
One complaint about the close buttons on the tabs:
The close button itself sucks. Take the one from the Firefox 1.5 Mac theme. It's much nicer.
Also, the button should be grayed out (or invisible) unless the mouse is on the tab bar.
Help! I'm a slashdot refugee.
You have power divided by speed, giving dimensions of ([E]/[T])/([L]/[T]) ([E] = energy, [T] = time, [L] = length).
:)
Reducing this, we end up with [E]/[L]. However, the dimensions of the Newton are ([M][L])/([T][T]), as the units are kgms^-2. (From F=ma, F is in N, m is in kg, a is in ms^-2)
In other words, your equation is wrong
It's official. Most of you are morons.
Is there a plan to add XForms support to Firefox, or will they be waiting for XHTML 2.0?
I just hope that the greater prevalance of Firefox leads to a greater number of sites supporting it. I've had problems with some sites telling me my version of 1.5 needs to be upgraded to an earlier version!!! The site in question was the Comedy Channels's website. To many website designers seem to still design for IE only or use version checking to serve different pages. People should stick to writing valid HTML code that works across all browsers instead of making their websites unusuable for those who don't use IE.
Video Game cheats, hints a
ok, some features most users won't even notice, and that deserves a bump to 2.0...?
Well, Slackware did it. FreeBSD did it.
Even NetBSD did it.
I'm waiting for Mac OS 11.
I've been toying around with the new alpha, and it has some interesting additions. But heck, the changes made do not warrant a jump in major version numbering in my books. But I guess that's because I'm used to how version numbers are in the Free Software world, where a jump in a major version number usually means there was a rewrite, or ABI was broken in favour of some fundamental changes.
I'm definitely not seeing that here with Bon Echo.
Not that this is a bad thing -- heck, I'm as much against featuritis as the next guy. But frankly I see less change here than from 1.0 to the Deer Park alphas.
IMHO the #1 thing the guys should have focused on for the 2.0 release was to make Firefox a XULRunner application.
Note that most FC4 machines out there will need the compat-libstdc++-33 package for the libstdc++.so.5 library. Just an FYI. :-)
I find it very strange that the winners of the recently posted FF Extensions contest do not work. The extensions that is. I like this alpha of FF 2 but I wish I still have the extensions / Themes I had before still working.
-- Josh
"Whoopie! Man, that may have been a small one for Neil, but that's a long one for me!" - Pete Conrad
A portable version of this build was just posted for those that want to use this with a separate profile:
http://www.cybernetnews.com/?p=417
I mean, Mozilla used to be slow and steady, now they are firing out updates on .5 increments.
.1 version increments. If they are just trying to drive up the version number to match I.E.'s 7.0, then they will find that Firefox performs about as well as I.E. 7.0, or even less so considering it took Microsoft 10 years to get there.
Is this good or bad? I think Firefox will end up becoming bloated and bug ridden just like IE if they keep up this kind of product update cycle. Firefox 1.5 hasn't even been out for 6 months and they are previewing version 2.0.
While I do think that some open source projects move a long at a pace that make snails impatient, I have found that this quick turnaround for FireFox versions isn't beneficial in the long run. I have found there to be more problems in each new version, and I have stopped using Thunderbird for several problems that haven't been addressed yet (such as opening up the wrong email when you click on a header).
I think Mozilla should slow down a bit, or at least go back to the
I haven't thought of anything clever to put here, but then again most of you haven't either.
I use firefox 0.8 since every time I down load a new version it seems to only open new tab screens. I hate Tabs. And I don't want to left click and pull down.
What is Bon Echo anyhow? Yet another version of Firefox? Why does Firefox ignore Firefox 2 Alpha? Or is Firefox 2 Alpha now another dead armadillo with its legs in the air and flys buzzing around like Mozilla 1.7.11? I click on Firefox 2 Alpha help\check for updates and get the message "there are no new updates available".
Disgruntledly,
Jim
I'm not all that enthusiastic about yet another iteration of Firefox... It's my primary browser and I do like it, but it will never be the browser that I would regard as the ultimate.
I envision a web browser which is the browser equivalent of Linux; a collection of simple programs performing very specific and narrowly defined tasks, all working through clean APIs or protocols. The HTML rendering being split off entirely, the javascript in its own library, image rendering separate, cookie management, security features, history management, bookmarks display, etc. Ideally, the various parts would be so simple that the barriers to development would be lowered drastically resulting in the organic rise of alternatives in the various segments; imagine having a flamewar over which js rendering plugin/library were better!
Extensions are not the solution by far. The functionality decentralization necessary to realize the vision of a browser like this far exceeds what the design idea behind extensions was.
Firefox will never be this. The only thing I've seen which might be salvaged into some sort of semblance of this vision is Kazehakaze, though that remains to be seen (I'm not sure you can even hotswap html rendering in Kazhakaze; I've never managed to keep it from crashing for long enough to test).
Blearf. Blearf, I say.
Here and here.
I find it very strange that the winners of the recently posted FF Extensions contest do not work.
The usual reason for extensions "not working" is that the extension creators usually specify a maximum compatible version in the manifest. Quite often this is something like 1.5.*, as this is (was) the latest series for some time now. Naturally, this would exclude 2.0.
Try opening up the XPI file in your ZIP program, and change the maximum supported version in the INSTALL.RDF file, and see if the extension works. In most cases it does.
What's with all the old news??? Slashdot reports this almost 2 days late, NY Times reports that Vista will be delayed about a week after Microsoft announces it.
Bug 9458 (referrer block for links from slash), "Implement inline-block in layout" hast its 7th birthday coming up.
Fight hunger. Filet a politician and send him to a 3rd world country of your choice.
It would be informative if we could tag this with 'notdupe' or '~dupe', just to let people know it's actually out, this time.
And still no support for the javascript debugger!
They're changing features that work great now (tabbed browsing) and adding a whole bunch of features that the vast majority of end users really don't care much about (new data storage layer for bookmarks and history, extended search plugin format, updates to the extension system to provide enhanced security and to allow for easier localization of extensions). How Microsoft-esque...
If by Microsoft-esque you mean that version 1 has the features to keep 99% of the user base happy, you're absolutely right.
As far as the "average user" is concerned, what features is Firefox actually missing right now? It renders webpages, keeps bookmarks, has tabs and stores webpage passwords. That's enough for the vast majority of the world's users.
But would you prefer that the development team declare victory and stop coding? The Firefox team could stop development today and Joe User would be happily surfing with Firefox version 1 for many years to come. Any new developments are going to be for that last 1% category, because everyone else is happy.
What was wrong with the html bookmarks file? Was it broke? Did it not work?
,but not as small as a flat ascii file like html or xml. And why add complexity? It is very nice to be able to "export" a bookmarks file by just coping it or by opening a text browser and cutting and pasting into an email. I understand that SQLite's storage is also just a flat file, but is it in a commonly understood human readable format like html or xml? Or do I have to learn to parse a whole new file layout?
Granted that SQLite has a small footprint
1.5 uses 1.8.0, 2.0 will use 1.8.0.1, 3.0 will use 1.9
Almost:
1.5 uses 1.8.0, 1.5.0.1 uses 1.8.0.1, 1.5.0.2 will use 1.8.0.2, etc.
2.0 will use 1.8.1.
3.0 will use 1.9.
You know, Microsoft's street address also says a lot about their mentality.
Valid HTML, either because it validates on a validator against a popular SGML doctype (such as various W3C proposals) or because it conforms to a standard set of tags will not solve the problem.
The problem is usually due to use of platform specific scripting commands to serve content. You can write perfectly valid HTML for Firefox that fails to work on IE and vice versa.
This situation just happened yesterday. A client's PC went down hard. I popped out the hard drive and tossed it into my machine. I was able to copy the bookmarks file, mailbox files, etc from their Mozilla software quite easily with a single cp command. Their new PC arrives, and some quick drag and drops has everything back to normal.
Now with this SQLlite layer, will I be able to do this just as easily? I pray that Thunderbird never decides to go this route!
well... heres some opinions from the "probably pulled out of my ass dept."
if thunderbird stored mailboxes in a db... it would probably be faster with a lot of messages...
if a computer crashed with sqllite'd history/bookmarks/email... and youre tech savy enough to copy the old style bookmarks over... youre probably savy enough to copy over the db files...
what you should be hoping for is that they go the route which best helps the project and the users... this may or may not be that route, but we wont know till we go down it.
</rant friendly="yes">
But will they have fixed the plugin manager so it stops asking me to install Flash etc.?
I bet the answers no.
"Taking back the web" ? Not whilst it's trying to force me to install crap I don't want.
Instead of making Firefox a subject of creeping-featurism, how about optimizing the code? Keeping it simple? I really don't see the need for a SQL style system just to manage my bookmarks and history (not that I even have the history function enabled). Just focus on making it start fast, and solve the memory management problems. I can't have 15 tabs open without a significant slowdown.
Why do you think things would get harder?
SQLite stores its DB in one file, the previous system stored the bookmarks in one file.
Nothing has changed (except that the history is also stored in the bookmarks file, so you won't have to bother copying is specifically).
I pray that Thunderbird decides to go this route!
Artificial intelligence is the study of how to make real computers act like the ones in the movies.
Most web people I know design for Firefox and then check IE for any weirdness. That seems to be much better than the reverse. The only exception would probably be certain CSS tags that IE has yet to support.
Thanks, that's why I asked. I did not know.
To answer some other people's question: there will probably be some kind of bookmarks.html export in the final version if you want to just back up the bookmarks or want to transfer the bookmarks somewhere else.
I mean it currently doesn't resume downloads across sessions. In other words when there is only 10 bytes left of your 1GB download and you accendently shutdown ... tough titty, you have to start over. In opera the download manager work perfectly.
Develop in Firefox, try in other browsers, fix any wierdness.
I am NaN
I looked at the Mozilla page. It states:
Updates to the extension system to provide enhanced security and to allow for easier localization of extensions
but doesn't elaborate.
I've always wondered about extension security. I looked into it a bit a while ago and came to the conclusion that it relied on the integrity/reputation of the developer and the vigilance of the community.
Maybe somewhere here knows the answers to these questions or can shoot back a link:
Are there any safeguards within the browser architecture itself that would, say, prevent an extension that blocked pop-ups from logging keystrokes or otherwise acting as spyware?
How are extensions reviewed before being linked from the Mozilla developers' page? Is that the job of the comments section at the bottom of the page?
Can extensions be unsafe?
Tom
Innovation makes enemies of all those who prospered under the old regime... -- Machiavelli
From TFA:
there is a growing community of "konqueror-only" users who do not believe that mozilla is really free software. You can join today.
It is going to be quite annoying time for the extension/theme developers, the things will change every few days, users who are early adopters will be all like "why isn't your extension fully working with this alpha revision 1.5.0.14835 yet?" I know I am not touching this thing until it is at least beta.
You can't handle the truth.
I don't know why, but the system requirements page states that:
s /
For running on Mac OS the minimum requrements are:
Operating Systems
* Mac OS X 10.2.x and later
Minimum Hardware
* Macintosh computer with a PowerPC G3, G4, or G5 processor
* 128 MB RAM (Recommended: 256 MB RAM or greater)
* 4 GB hard drive space
I don't know what you need the 4 GB of hard drive space for (52MB for both windows and linux)...
Link:
http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/system-requirement
MOD DOWN FIREFOX TROLL. Nasty attitude. Should not be pretending to speak for Mozilla.
This is how he justifies the many problems that exist in Firefox and no other browser: "All browsers have lots of memory issues. They also all have security problems, they crash under lots of different situations, have many kinds of CPU use problems, and thousands of other kinds of bugs. What else is new?"
There are major memory management and CPU hogging bugs the Mozilla developers have not been able to fix, and Bunratty is apparently trying to make people think that is okay.
Bon Echo is the code name for ff2a
If you want to try out the latest 2.0 alpha version of Firefox without affecting your current 1.x installation, that they can run along each other, then you can check out this homepage for further detail (I have tried it, the tricks works for Linux version as well):
f ox-versions
Running multiple Firefox versions concurrently
http://www.jeroencoumans.nl/journal/multiple-fire
What I'd really like to see the devs too is to move a large chunk of the FF featureset to a default plugin that is enabled by default. That way, users who want to run a stripped down version of FF can just remove the plugin and have an extremely light browsing experience. The users who want to run the full-featured Firefox simply run it out of the box.
BonEcho is the codename for Firefox 2, just like DeerPark was for Firefox 1.5. They're not using the name Firefox, otherwise people will claim various bugs and half-implemented features for Firefox, ignoring that it is an ALPHA release.
IIRC, Bon Echo is the code name for FF 2.0 Alpha, much the same way that Deer Park was the code name for FF 1.5 Alpha.
sure the idea behind konqueror's "freedom" is quite nice, qt and trolltech :)
:p
anyway, i sometimes use konqueror for simpler stuff, but as soon as the dhtml/js gets complicated, i have to go for mozilla because konq. just mocks things up. must admit tho, from memory usage and gui speed, konq. beats the ass of mozilla.
phoenix was nice and shiny, why in the world did they have to change it into this "item" that it is right now ? firefox is not really that much faster or lightweight than the mozilla-browser from the mozilla suite anymore.
i still sometimes find myself using galeon instead of the 2 mentioned above, it's faster than mozilla and has the compatibility with html/js of mozilla since it runs the same gecko, just without the slow gui
epiphany was also quite nice, but too "gnomefied", you couln't really configure much from "inside", had to run the gnome conf each time which sometimes wasn't such a bright idea from inside kde.
I'd tell you the chances of this story being a dupe, but you wouldn't like it.
Hopefully there would be an SQLite database to HTML converter. Not difficult to write.
SQLite will allow those with huge bookmark files to construct their own queries to find what they want. That's a VERY good move.
You were lucky to have semi-stable code snapshots called "Milestones"....
I had to get up in the morning at ten o'clock at night, half an hour before I went to bed, "compile some bits of bytes to be able to read the slashdot news on txt form", (pause for laughter), eat a lump of cold poison, work twenty-nine hours a day down mill, and pay mill owner for permission to come to work, and when we got home, our Dad would kill us, and dance about on our graves singing "Hallelujah."
But you try and tell the young people today that... and they won't believe ya'.
You can still encounter weirdness in other browsers even if it works in Firefox and IE. Opera and Safari are the most important other browsers to check -- along with IE 5, which still shows up on the browser usage charts.
Depending on your target audience, you may want to test other browsers as well, such as Konqueror (Linux), NetFront (handhelds), or v4 IE & NN.
jpeg2000?
This is the most important feature firefox has been lacking
I've been using it on OS X and it seems faster than previous versions. Renders everything just fine. I'll be looking forward to the final version.
Previously, I'd favored Safari over Firefox, but this version might start to change my mind, unless Apple comes out with Safari 3....
And as you can see from the GP post, that didn't work.
Bugzilla Bug 18574, restore support for MNG animation format and JNG image format, has this guy wanting to use Firefox for research to view MNG movies of bio-molecules. But this beta does not open a mng file for me. Maybe it could be included in the next beta.
I just wish that development would resume on the Firefox Embeddable/Extended Browser Component (or whatever the heck it's called) that would allow it to be used for internal browsing with third party programs-- it stinks being limited to IE's engine for internal rendering in development apps, feed-reading apps, etc.
What happened to 1.6?
1.6a1 is the version available on the developers page/nightly builds...
What version comes out next?
I cannot quite tell if you are being serious or not with your md5 signed sig, but i have not been able to verify it. Are you including html formatting?
2^5
I envision a web browser which is the browser equivalent of Linux; a collection of simple programs performing very specific and narrowly defined tasks, all working through clean APIs or protocols. The HTML rendering being split off entirely, the javascript in its own library, image rendering separate, cookie management, security features, history management, bookmarks display, etc. Ideally, the various parts would be so simple that the barriers to development would be lowered drastically resulting in the organic rise of alternatives in the various segments; imagine having a flamewar over which js rendering plugin/library were better!
You have basically described KDE. That's the very philosophy embodied by the project's web browser, Konqueror. There's KHTML, the HTML renderer. Along with that you can use the kjs library to add JavaScript support. Likewise for the other functionality.
They get modularity and extensibility by using the native dynamic library support offered by the vast majority of systems today, rather than their own home-brewed extension system.
Many people who make the transition from GNOME to KDE comment on how much more responsive Konqueror feels when compared to Gecko-based browsers like Firefox, Galeon, and Epiphany. That is because it is designed correctly, in a very modular fashion. The code is of a higher quality, and the emphasis is on quality, rather than popping out frequent releases.
Ok, thanks jhermans. Good rating too. I wish that the Firefox team would update Deer Park Alpha 2 instead. But I cannot change the direction the wind blows nor the direction of BonEcho.
Thanks again,
Jim
See http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=180746&cid=149 56122.
In essence, don't ever put little 'close' icons on every tab. It just takes up tab real estate and makes it too easy to accidentally close tabs when navigating. Other programs like Lotus Notes have suffered from this problem.
I've heard a rumour that, sadly, the GNOME terminal might be going down this path.
"Nine times out of ten, starting a fire is not the best way to solve the problem." - my wife
If we forget about Firefox 0.x, then we have 1.0, (1.0.x), 1.5, 2.0, 3.0. Hey, that's 1/3 way to get close to Opera.
e rsionNumer v20.0 We'll boost download counter up to hundred of bilions.
Roadmap for Firefox:
Q3 2006 - 2.0
Q1 2007 - 3.0
Q2 2007 - 4.0
Q4 2007 - 6.0
Q2 2008 - 9.0
Q4 2008 - 12.0
In fact, forget the features, let's take Mozilla and name it Fire-fox-bird-dragon-phoenix-nothingNewButLookAtV
Firefox v20 should be based only on plugins. Want to type URL? Choose your plugin:
- InputURL 0.2.4.8
- GimmieYourURL 0.5.1 beta
- URLEater 0.7.3 experimental
Search? Plugin. Filling forms? Plugin. Downloading files? Another plugin. Tabs? Another one. "Screw you guys, I'm going..." to use easy browser.
Yeah, it's not funny but that's the way it's going to look like.
I am delighted to see this. Some of the mozilla stuff still uses Mork, which is truly and utterly horrid. I recommend reading this delightful code by Jamie Zawinski, which has a brilliant rant about it:
Updating Deer Park alpha 2 ? Why ? Deer Park was already released as Firefox 1.5 in november. The newer builds (both the 1.8.1 branch where FF 2 came from, and the trunk that will become FF 3) still carried the name until recently. There's no codename for Firefox 3.0 yet ; The Ocho was used for a while, but that's too close to Bon Echo.
Ideally all applications would be run through something like the Principle of Least Authority shell which limits the applications so they can only access those files they actually need to function.
Extentions and the XPI installer sytem can execute any arbitrary action they feel like on the account Firefox is running in. They can contain executable native code and launch it. They're Firefox's version of Browser Helper Objects and ActiveX.
I cannot quite tell if you are being serious or not with your md5 signed sig, but i have not been able to verify it. Are you including html formatting?
Well, it's not the real hash, if that was what you meant by "serious." But it's not really a joke, either.
I put that statement in my sig to provoke thought about possible recursive message digests. Given a message m, a hash function h(), and a hash string k, is it possible to find a k such that h(m+k)=k? What about finding a k such that h(m1+k+m2)=k?
I'm not very well-versed in the mathematics of cryptography, so I can't answer that question in an abstract way, and in my very rudimentary searching in Google and Wikipedia, I can't find any information about it. Since I'm an engineer, my solution would probably be to set up an iterative program to brute-force a solution, using some popular root-finding method, but it would take forever, and there's no guarantee that it would work for every possible m, which is why I haven't done it yet.
For security, the MD5 hash of this message and sig is 09f911029d74e35bd84156c5635688c0.
In the new version, changing the order should only require changing the SQL query. Though, I'm not sure exactly how they've implemented it, but that's what my coding experience with it tells me is most likely...
So, it should be a pretty easy option to implement.
If it's not HTML, then my HTML renderer does not have to render it properly.
What if your employer refuses to provide conforming HTML? What if the only bank with ATMs in town refuses to provide conforming HTML? What if your government or a public utility refuses to provide conforming HTML?
From reading through replies here, one would think that X's were added to every tab, wasting a ton of space and ruining Firefox FOREVER! Disclaimer: I can't install the Beta release because it's only provided as an .exe, but I was able to grab the latest nightly, which should be approximately the same.
If this behavior is not the same as in the release, the behavior of the latest nightly should at least be informative.
In the latest nightly, it is true that in the situation of 6 or so tabs or less there is an X on every tab. But once I open more than 6 tabs, there is only an X on the currently active tab. Since there is no longer a static tab on the right side of the tab row, real-estate wise, this is a wash.
I just middle click anyway, I was prepared to be peeved by the loss of room on the tab row.
Can Firefox 2.0 have middle click to open a new window?
I use firefox 0.8 since every time I down load a new version it seems to only open new tab screens. I hate Tabs. And I don't want to left click and pull down.
I got two answers, one said use the right menu. wrong answer. the other said use the menu tools:options well that was moved to edit:pref... in pre 1.0 versions. no help yet. Then I was moded down, like some old trash.
Don't mod me down, I realy want an answer. ... or I guess firefox is
become a wast. ... "move along nothing to see here.
The other wast are people miss using there mod points. asking questions, perhaps questions other might ask, is a valid way to /.
designing an engine to run on sugar water will mean it won't run on gasoline.
Unless you use two engines. Mozilla Firefox in fact does have both a quirks mode and a standards mode.
Asking browsers to support both [broken and correct code] is asking them to read the webmasters' minds, and don't think Firefox has an extension for that yet.
Both Mozilla Firefox and Microsoft Internet Explorer base use of quirks mode vs. standards mode on the presence and content of the document's <!DOCTYPE declaration. Analogy would be different shaped nozzles that plug into the gasoline tank or the sugar tank: round for gasoline or oval for sugar.
Of course, the workaround now is to have the filling stations stock both sugar and gasoline, and dispense the correct one based on the type of car you drive.
Another way of doing it is through a proxy that converts one form of fuel (or markup) into another at the refinery (or web server). Sugars can be converted into ethanol, and a gasoline engine can easily be modified to run on mixtures of gasoline and ethanol.