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Oldest Weapons-grade Plutonium Found In Dump

Urchin writes "Researchers have just identified the first batch of weapons-grade plutonium ever made. The batch was produced as part of the Manhattan Project, but predates Trinity — the first nuclear weapon test — by seven months. It was unearthed in a waste pit at Hanford, Washington, inside a beaten up old safe."

552 comments

  1. Mystery Pits by Gonzotek · · Score: 3, Informative

    "But sloppy work by the contractors running the site saw all kinds of chemical and radioactive waste indiscriminately buried in pits underground over the 40 years Hanford was operational, earning it the accolade of the dirtiest place on Earth."
    Oh, great. :)

    1. Re:Mystery Pits by Bozzio · · Score: 4, Funny

      Don't worry, it's only a matter of time before a crew of teenage crime-fighters mutates into existence. Hanford will then be the safest place in the world!

      --
      I just pooped your party.
    2. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Do you have any idea of the kind of balls it took to be a part of this team? Under intense time pressure to work with previously theoretical isotopes that just might save tens of thousands of American lives?

      And you judge them? You, with the heat on, comfortable, probably overly fed.

      What. A. Putz. You. Are.

    3. Re:Mystery Pits by Hojima · · Score: 3, Funny

      I heard Iran wanted this significant piece of history for the space museum that they plan to launch at us for all Americans to enjoy.

    4. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Under intense time pressure to work with previously theoretical isotopes that just might save tens of thousands of American lives?

      At the cost of hundreds of thousands of civilian Japanese lives.

    5. Re:Mystery Pits by doti · · Score: 1

      "But sloppy work by the contractors running the site saw all kinds of chemical and radioactive waste indiscriminately buried in pits underground over the 40 years Hanford was operational, earning it the accolade of the dirtiest place on Earth."
      Oh, great. :)

      should it be "Mysery Pits" then?

      --
      factor 966971: 966971
    6. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

      At the cost of hundreds of thousands of civilian Japanese lives.

      That's what happens when your Emperor and your military piss off America.

    7. Re:Mystery Pits by schwillis · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Do you have any idea of the kind of balls it took to be a part of this team? Under intense time pressure to work with previously theoretical isotopes that just might save tens of thousands of American lives?

      And you judge them? You, with the heat on, comfortable, probably overly fed.

      What. A. Putz. You. Are.

      Nuclear isotopes were treated with quite a degree of reckleness for a good many years. Also I don't think they were any more heroic then anyone else who assisted with the war effort, although unlike many they were establishing for themselves quite a lucrative career. The men working in coal mines to supply energy to head up the war effort we far more heroic then a bunch of scientists getting paid handsome salarys to do what they like to do anyways, ground breaking science.

    8. Re:Mystery Pits by El+Torico · · Score: 4, Insightful

      At the cost of hundreds of thousands of civilian Japanese lives.

      Did you notice that was the last time that Japan attacked anyone? Peace is the result of completely removing your enemy's capacity or desire to wage war. Sad, but true.

      --
      In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is usually crucified.
    9. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      They should have put the waste in a lead refridgerator. Why, that would stop a nuclear bomb!

    10. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      peace for the enemy maybe, How long has US spent in the time since then NOT at war?

    11. Re:Mystery Pits by KarrdeSW · · Score: 0, Troll

      Did you notice that was the last time that Japan attacked anyone?

      This reminds me of the episode of the Simpsons where Springfield enacted the "Bear Patrol" to protect the town. Correlation != Causation

      Peace is the result of completely removing your enemy's capacity or desire to wage war.

      The atomic bomb did not remove Japan's desire to wage war, three offers of surrender previous to the bomb would indicate that their desire was basically gone already.

      The atom bomb did not prevent future attacks from Japan, economic interdependence and teaching their manufacturers to make cars did.

    12. Re:Mystery Pits by fishbowl · · Score: 5, Insightful

      >peace for the enemy maybe, How long has US spent in the time since then NOT at war?

      With all due respect, there has been nothing to compare with WWII. All states of War are not equal.

      --
      -fb Everything not expressly forbidden is now mandatory.
    13. Re:Mystery Pits by LWATCDR · · Score: 5, Informative

      Actually that number is a very very low estimate.
      Did you know that the US military is still using the stockpile of purple hearts that was made for the invasion of Japan.
      The military estimates for the losses are in the hundreds of thousands for US and over a million for Japan.
      Japan had also already crossed the NBC line before the US dropped the bombs. They had used chemical and biological weapons in China.

      Yes it was a terrible waste of life. If the government of Japan had just cared enough about their own citizens lives it never would have happened.

      --
      See my blog http://ilovecookes.blogspot.com/ for light hearted technical information.
    14. Re:Mystery Pits by Malekin · · Score: 1

      Did you notice that was the last time that Japan attacked anyone? Peace is the result of completely removing your enemy's capacity or desire to wage war. Sad, but true.

      Or your enemy removing yours. Either way it seems the only way to peace is tyranny.

    15. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So, from GP's moral standpoint, America SHOULD be nuked. Needs to be, in fact.

      Get on it, Iran/North Korea.

    16. Re:Mystery Pits by gravos · · Score: 1

      A significant danger is the risk of plutonium being acquired (stolen or bought) by a well-equipped terrorist group, criminal organization, or national government with militaristic ambitions. Any such organization can fabricate an atomic bomb, using a grapefruit-sized piece of plutonium, without undue difficulty or expense.

    17. Re:Mystery Pits by afidel · · Score: 5, Interesting

      All of it? Yeah we've had skirmishes since then but we haven't had a significant percentage of GDP geared towards war since. Even the trillion dollar fiasco in Iraq has only been about 1.3% of GDP over the time we've been there. Our standing army and research and procurement programs during times of absolute peace are around 3% of GDP so it's been nothing in the grand scheme of things.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    18. Re:Mystery Pits by postbigbang · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Tell that to the guys in the cemetary, their widows, their children.

      --
      ---- Teach Peace. It's Cheaper Than War.
    19. Re:Mystery Pits by BobisOnlyBob · · Score: 2, Insightful

      WAR IS PEACE.
      FREEDOM IS SLAVERY.
      IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH.

      These are the principles which have guided the nations of the world since 1984.
      And long before that, too - they were just never codified so succinctly before.

    20. Re:Mystery Pits by Tenebrousedge · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Hanford isn't that bad of a problem---yet. The important thing to note is that Hanford is proximate to the Columbia River, a major watershed for the Pacific Northwest. Currently the stored (highly radioactive) waste is leaking into the groundwater, but has not yet reached the river. Once that happens, well, things won't be very pretty downriver. Portland is known for being a fairly "green" city, and that trend can be expected to continue. Possibly it'll be a glowing, radioactive green city...

      --
      Those who advocate genocide deserve every protection afforded by law, and none afforded by common human decency.
    21. Re:Mystery Pits by FelixNZ · · Score: 1

      Megatron? is that you?

    22. Re:Mystery Pits by Malevolyn · · Score: 1

      I could have sworn North Korea already tried, failed, and no one even noticed until after the fact...

      --
      Your ad here.
    23. Re:Mystery Pits by moxley · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Boy, well that sure worked well with Germany post WWI.

    24. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Correlation is not causation. There are plenty of countries in this world that have not attacked another country in the last 60 years. None of them had to endure 100,000 murdered civilians, so the claimed link is bogus and cannot be used as a justification.

    25. Re:Mystery Pits by frosty_tsm · · Score: 5, Informative

      We killed just as many Japanese civilians in one bombing run with incendiary bombs as with one atomic bomb.

      Everything I've observed and studied about the war points to the loss of Japanese lives would have been far higher if we invaded. If you question this, look at casualty numbers for German civilians. Plus we (racially) hated the Japanese far more than the Germans. And the Germans weren't culturally opposed surrender.

    26. Re:Mystery Pits by AKAImBatman · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Any such organization can fabricate an atomic bomb, using a grapefruit-sized piece of plutonium, without undue difficulty or expense.

      That is such a bizarre statement that I'm just going to stare at you in shock.

      *stares*

      You do know that working Plutonium implosion devices are super-hard to create, right? Unless you have everything precisely calibrated, the bomb will merely fizzle rather than fission. So even with a safe full of Plutonium, it will be a long time until someone sets us up the bomb. (Say, about 92 years? :-P)

    27. Re:Mystery Pits by Aardpig · · Score: 1

      Wrong. The most difficult part of building a fission bomb is acquiring the fissile materiel. The rest, relatively speaking, is pretty straightforward.

      --
      Tubal-Cain smokes the white owl.
    28. Re:Mystery Pits by conlaw · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I'm not sure why parent was modded Flamebait but he's right. The soldiers being killed in Iraq and Afghanistan are just as dead as those killed in WWII or any other war or"police action." Believe me, all states of war are equal when you're on the wrong end of an enemy weapon.

    29. Re:Mystery Pits by djfuq · · Score: 0

      Under intense time pressure to work with previously theoretical isotopes that just might save tens of thousands of American lives?

      At the cost of hundreds of thousands of civilian Japanese lives.

      I cant believe the parent comment was censored... you people are sick.

      --
      Dj fuQ [url="http://djfuq.org"]djfuq urges you to listen to the beats[/url] [url="http://djfuq.org"]http://djfuq.org[
    30. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Congratulations, you have reduced the cost of war to the extent that you can basically wage it for free. And free wars don't count, right?

    31. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Flamebait

      Damn, I don't know on which parallel universe you guys live, but even Eisenhower recognized the Nagasaki/Hiroshima bombs were NOT aimed at Japan, but instead AIMED at the Soviet Union and Stalin, so they could stop the Red Army to get to Japan (they were in North Korea and getting close already...).
      They knew if they didn't show to Stalin they had a weapon he couldn't fight (at least not at that time...), he will get all the way to Tokyo and the next year to Hawaii, Los Angeles and God knows where else.
      The Red Army was unstoppable. The only way to stop them was to scare them to death.
      Japanese were just sorry Expendable assets...

    32. Re:Mystery Pits by jaxtherat · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Weeeel, technically no. You can just create a dirty bomb that merely turns the plutonium into vapour/dust as opposed to trying to go for a fission reaction.

      Dirty Bombs are pretty trivial to make.

      --
      http://www.zombieapocalypse.tv/
    33. Re:Mystery Pits by shadowbearer · · Score: 1

      "Currently the stored (highly radioactive) waste is leaking into the groundwater, but has not yet reached the river. "

        Oh? Not everyone agrees with you.

      http://www.doh.wa.gov/Hanford/publications/overview/columbia.html

        Note the date.

      SB

      --
      It's old. The more humans I meet, the more I like my cats. At least they are honest.
    34. Re:Mystery Pits by Retric · · Score: 1

      The US military was also expecting up to 100,000 casualty's on their side in the first IRAQ war. They basically pick a number out of their ass and double it because low balling it is bad. See IRAQ war II.

    35. Re:Mystery Pits by gurps_npc · · Score: 1

      Similarly, it was not the US that caused the death of those japanese lives. They refused to surrender. TWICE. As or the civilian deaths, they did worse in Nanking. Germany did worse to all of Europe, the British did worse to all of Dresden. When Russian counter-invaded Germany, they left a trail of rape. In WWII, military technology and ethics were both a lot less advanced. The US did the best it could, certainly BETTER than Germany, Japan, and Britain did. Russia came out the best when it comes to how people treated their enemy countries (they made up in evilness by treating their own people poorly). But the US was in no way unusually bad. They were in fact relatively good.

      --
      excitingthingstodo.blogspot.com
    36. Re:Mystery Pits by kaizokuace · · Score: 1

      true peace (which i see as impossible unless certain technologies are developed) comes from infinite resource. If there were unlimited supply of stuff we wouldn't have to fight over it! And everyone would be happy. Mind you, replicators are included in the list of tech that needs to come to fruition.

      --
      Balderdash!
    37. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      If the tables had been turned the Japanese would have happily slaughtered every American down to the last child, done medical and biological weapons experiments on any unfortunate enough to remain alive, and then thought nothing more of it, with their civilian population cheering the glorious Emperor all the way. What's to mourn? I'd say the U.S. was relatively humane, given the circumstances.

    38. Re:Mystery Pits by afidel · · Score: 5, Insightful

      No, minor skirmishes don't count. Even with the most pessimistic of calculations about civilian deaths in Iraq there have been about as many traffic fatalities in the US since the conflict began as there have been deaths there. I'm not saying conflict isn't horrible and bloody and messy, I'm just saying that most people alive today have no real concept of what war is.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    39. Re:Mystery Pits by AKAImBatman · · Score: 4, Informative

      Relatively speaking, building a space shuttle is easy once you have enough fuel. Relatively speaking.

      Sorry, but no. The implosion part of the weapon is incredibly difficult. Far more difficult than your average terrorist organization could pull off. One of the reasons why the US restricts supercomputers and monitors for large detonations is that development tends to require both a computer simulation (to get the design right) and experimentation to ensure the quality of construction. If you have enough materials, you can forgo the former part and just experiment.

      Perhaps you're thinking of gun-type weapons? Those are stupidly simple to build in comparison to an implosion device. However, they are made from Uranium rather than Plutonium.

    40. Re:Mystery Pits by bitrex · · Score: 1

      I posted that as AC by accident, which is unfortunate as I'll gladly put my name to the sentiment.

    41. Re:Mystery Pits by postbigbang · · Score: 1

      If you look up thread, you'll note the hawks are in today.

      --
      ---- Teach Peace. It's Cheaper Than War.
    42. Re:Mystery Pits by AKAImBatman · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Dirty Bombs are pretty trivial to make.

      They're also highly ineffective. Very little fallout can be spread through conventional means. And of the fallout that does spread, you'll kill very few people. The explosion intended to disperse the materials is guaranteed to kill more people than the radioactive fallout.

      Rule of thumb: If the fallout is hot enough to kill a large number of people, it's hot enough to completely degrade within hours to months. The only place you're going to find those sorts of materials is inside a live reactor. For obvious reasons, it's not really feasible to get a hold of such materials.

      Worst case scenario, you give a half-dozen people lung cancer. Not exactly an effective weapon.

    43. Re:Mystery Pits by rastilin · · Score: 3, Funny

      But perfectly post WWII....

      What's your point?

      --
      How do you kill that which has no life?
    44. Re:Mystery Pits by theLOUDroom · · Score: 1

      three offers of surrender previous to the bomb would indicate that their desire was basically gone already.

      Bullshit. I'd like to see your citation for this.

      Cease-fires don't count BTW. Surrender means running up the white flag and dropping your guns. Keeping your guns, territory and official positions is not surrender, it's a ceasfire or at best a "withdrawl".

      --
      Life is too short to proofread.
    45. Re:Mystery Pits by Tenebrousedge · · Score: 1

      What you linked was information related to radioactive contaminants that were released while the Hanford Site was operational. That is not the waste I referred to.

      --
      Those who advocate genocide deserve every protection afforded by law, and none afforded by common human decency.
    46. Re:Mystery Pits by HungryHobo · · Score: 0

      If the government of Japan had just cared enough about their own citizens lives it never would have happened.

      Like if they'd offered to surrender... multiple times...

    47. Re:Mystery Pits by HungryHobo · · Score: 2, Informative

      They refused to surrender. TWICE.

      You made a typo
      "Their surrender was refused. TWICE."

    48. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      If Hirohito cared about human lives at all, regardless of nationality, the USA may not have had a chance to test the atom bomb.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes

      Old dude should have been rooming with Hitler a long time ago instead of eating sushi off naked bellies.

      Cheers,

    49. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      You need to read "Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan" by Tsuyoshi Hasegawa. It's a recent book and the definitive academic examination of the surrender of Japan and the events surrounding it, including the bomb. The author has discarded the propaganda and legend which has built up over the years and restarted from scratch with the source documents. The conclusions are fascinating.

    50. Re:Mystery Pits by KingAlanI · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Germany lost WWI, but hadn't absolutely completely lost in the way they had in WWII.
      Thus, that is one reason the German populace was so angry about German surrender, not to mention anger about the harsh punishments mentioned in Versailles Treaty (France/Britain wanted these, US President Wilson didn't). This is anger that Hitler effectively tapped into, throwing in all sorts of virulent & murderous bigotry for bad measure. (see, a *relevant* invocation of Godwin's Law)

      --
      I listen to both RIAA and non-RIAA stuff if I like the music, tangential business/politics nonwithstanding.
    51. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Second dirtiest... giggidy!

      http://www.visitlasvegas.com

    52. Re:Mystery Pits by LWATCDR · · Score: 4, Informative

      That is a myth. Japan never offered to surrender. They offered to negotiate an end to the war but they would have kept Korea and most of what the had left in China..

      --
      See my blog http://ilovecookes.blogspot.com/ for light hearted technical information.
    53. Re:Mystery Pits by dangitman · · Score: 1

      Do you have any idea of the kind of balls it took to be a part of this team?

      I'm guessing... the testicular variety... no, wait... Buckyballs... but those weren't invented yet. Volleyballs?

      --
      ... and then they built the supercollider.
    54. Re:Mystery Pits by The+Grim+Reefer2 · · Score: 1

      Peace is the result of completely removing your enemy. Sad, but true.

      There, fixed that for you...

      Not really. We tend to create enemies if none exist.

    55. Re:Mystery Pits by Beyond_GoodandEvil · · Score: 0

      I'm not sure why parent was modded Flamebait but he's right. The soldiers being killed in Iraq and Afghanistan are just as dead as those killed in WWII or any other war or"police action." Believe me, all states of war are equal when you're on the wrong end of an enemy weapon.
      Perhaps due to the fact that thousands more than number of soldiers dying in Iraq and Afghanistan are dying on the highways of America. Those people are just as dead as the fallen soldiers. Believe me all states of death are equal when your not going to respawn. It's called perspective, you should look into getting some.

      --
      I laughed at the weak who considered themselves good because they lacked claws.
    56. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Japan twice refused to surrender unconditionally to the United States before the United States acted to defend itself. sucks to be japan 1945!

    57. Re:Mystery Pits by mog007 · · Score: 1

      A uranium fission bomb is very easy to make, assuming you have the enriched uranium. Making a functional implosion plutonium bomb, which is what this stuff would be used for, isn't nearly that easy.

      Perfectly shaped charges of conventional explosive that must detonate at the same time in order for critical mass to be achieved? That's not easy.

    58. Re:Mystery Pits by Savantissimo · · Score: 1

      N. Korea tried to nuke the US? They have crude nukes and medium-range missiles, and they're unpredictable and dangerous, but I never heard of an attempt to nuke the US.

      --
      "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?" - Patrick Henry
    59. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Uh, you have to pretty much toss the moral compass out the window to say that *anyone* fighting against Japan was acting "tyrannical". They had zero legitimate reasons to do what they did, and they waged war in horrific ways.

      And if your country is out of control and killing people halfway around the globe, then I'm sorry if you're an "innocent bystander" but you may have to take a nuke for your proximity to your madhouse leadership and your complacence to allow them into power. And that goes for Americans today as much as for Japanese in the 40's.

    60. Re:Mystery Pits by LWATCDR · · Score: 2, Informative

      I suggest you read some real history books.
      From Gloalsecurity.org
      "More people died during the Battle of Okinawa than all those killed during the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Casualties totaled more than 38,000 Americans wounded and 12,000 killed or missing, more than 107,000 Japanese and Okinawan conscripts killed, and perhaps 100,000 Okinawan civilians who perished in the battle."
      Okinawa was a small island Take those numbers and just try to imagine what the death toll would have been trying to invade the home islands. 100,000 would have been a miracle.

      --
      See my blog http://ilovecookes.blogspot.com/ for light hearted technical information.
    61. Re:Mystery Pits by cbiltcliffe · · Score: 4, Funny

      Worst case scenario, you give a half-dozen people lung cancer. Not exactly an effective weapon.

      Just make sure you don't detonate it in the smoking area, or you'll never even know if it was effective....

      --
      "City hall" in German is "Rathaus" Kinda explains a few things......
    62. Re:Mystery Pits by Random+Destruction · · Score: 2, Informative

      Development has been done. Plans are available. So the supercomputer won't be needed.

      --
      :x
    63. Re:Mystery Pits by tkrotchko · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire by Richard B. Frank is a far better book and better researched.

      The book you mention is interesting, but the author in that book appears to have an agenda that the use of the atomic bomb was unnecessary; I would submit that the Americans insisting on unconditional surrender is the key factor in both Germany and Japan's peaceful re-emergence as a major economic power rather than a military power.

      Mostly I reject the thesis that the use of an atomic bomb in WW2 was ex facie immoral. Remember, this was the war that produced genocide against Jews, Gypsies, Ukrainians, Chinese and other peoples on the basis of ethnicity. The firebombing of Tokyo produced more causalities than the atomic bomb, so I think the historical context supports the idea that the Americans did not break any legal or moral taboos of the time (such as the ban on chemical warfare).

      Remember, the atomic bomb was developed for use against the Nazi's; they had the good (or bad depending on your viewpoint) luck of surrendering to the Allies first, rendering the use of the A-bomb unnecessary.

      I think the discussion at this point is just that. No one really understands why the war ended how or when it did; in my opinion, the use of these weapons was warranted and in retrospect left Japan infinitely better off 20 years after the war was over.

      --
      You were mistaken. Which is odd, since memory shouldn't be a problem for you
    64. Re:Mystery Pits by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 1

      At the cost of hundreds of thousands of civilian Japanese lives.

      What? You think we'd have called off all the usual air raids and invasions and whatnot if we'd not had the Bomb?

      The Japanese lost more people in the firebombing raids on Tokyo than they did to the Atom Bombs.

      An invasion of the home islands by the US Army would have cost them FAR more casualties than the Atomic Bombing of two cities.

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    65. Re:Mystery Pits by RudeIota · · Score: 4, Insightful

      All states of War are not equal.

      Tell that to the guys in the cemetary, their widows, their children.

      Believe me, all states of war are equal when you're on the wrong end of an enemy weapon.

      Well, any state of war is bad (I think that's your point), but I offer you 416,000 examples of why "all states of war are equal" is a mistake to think. Compare that to the current war's 5,000ish figure and you can better visualize the point of the GGP.. BTW, figures are fatal U.S. military casualties only

      Fishbowl's opinion remains true in my eyes - WWII does not compare to anything since and there is indeed a 'spectrum' in regard to the 'state of war'. War is war, but it is not the same every time -- Some wars are more heinous than others.

      Here's a quick synopsis of casualties in major U.S wars.

      --
      Fact: Everything I say is fiction.
    66. Re:Mystery Pits by palegray.net · · Score: 2, Insightful

      There's a couple of trailing zeros worth of difference in the death toll of WWII compared to the sum of all conflicts fought since then. War is an inevitable consequence of human nature. Yes, it's to be avoided at all costs, but offhand comments that appeal to the purely emotional side of conflict are disingenuous at best, and downright annoying at worst.

    67. Re:Mystery Pits by palegray.net · · Score: 1

      Mod parent up! I tire of the endless bullshit argument that "Japan tried to surrender." Anything less than unconditional surrender wouldn't have been surrender at all.

    68. Re:Mystery Pits by Savantissimo · · Score: 4, Informative

      The numbers don't add up - IIRC, the pessimistic (Lancet) figures are about 600,000 dead from violence, many more if you compare the pre-Gulf War I death rates with today - lots of deaths from bad water, especially among young children. The UN estimates over 500,000 Iraqi children under 5 died under sanctions beyond the pre-war mortality rates. AFAIK child mortality has not fallen much since, certainly not to pre-Gulf War I levels.

      The US annual auto crash fatalities used to be around 40,000-50,000 last time I looked, so that's at most 300,000 since the start of Gulf War II.

      Of course the US has a much larger population than Iraq, so even if the numbers of deaths were equal, -and they aren't even close- the death rates would be proportionally much higher in Iraq.

      Neither the proportion of US GDP spent on war nor the number of US auto fatalities are a good measure of the harm to the people of Iraq.

      --
      "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?" - Patrick Henry
    69. Re:Mystery Pits by cbiltcliffe · · Score: 1

      Resources are completely irrelevant when you've got groups of people who want nothing from another group of people other than their complete extermination.

      It's not what they have, or what they're doing. It's the fact that they exist at all.

      See Hamas and Israel.

      I don't know who's in the wrong, but I suspect it's a lot of Hamas, and a little of Israel.

      Whenever Israel gets hit by Hamas in any way, they don't respond in kind. They respond about 10 times more than in kind.

      But Hamas have publicly stated that they desire nothing other than the complete elimination of Israel.

      And before anybody gets on their high horse about Hamas' actions being a response to the Israeli blockade of Gaza, explain to me why Egypt, a Muslim country, also has Gaza blockaded.

      Maybe we need to take all the old bits of the Berlin wall, and rebuild it between Israel and Gaza, high enough that the Hamas' rockets can't get over it.......

      --
      "City hall" in German is "Rathaus" Kinda explains a few things......
    70. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Quite so.
      It was a World War.

      And spewing radioactive dust out of a high enough chimney was supposed to diffuse it into harmelessness by the time it reached the ground.
      That chimney only stopped in the early 80's, if I remember correctly. Er, wrong again, it seems. Alas.

    71. Re:Mystery Pits by AKAImBatman · · Score: 4, Informative

      Plans are available.

      For your sake, I hope this is a joke. The tolerances of implosion nuclear weapons are incredibly tight. The type of plans necessary to create a functioning implosion device are state-held secrets and have only been seen by a select few with Top Secret clearance. Anything you can get out of a textbook or off the internet is simply not detailed enough to produce a functional weapon.

      Think of it this way. You need to pack C4 in a casing such that:

      1. The force of the C4 is completely contained.

      2. The force is evenly applied to the plutonium sphere such that it won't shift or move about during detonation.

      3. The force is projected as close to spherically as possible.

      Those are tall orders for any engineer! As I said, the tolerances are so tight that the most likely outcome of any detonation is a fizzle. Only with very sophisticated R&D can any superpower even hope to create an implosion device.

      Gun type on the other hand, are easy. Just slam two hemispheres of Uranium together hard enough and BOOM. With that kind of ease of use, why would any non-superpower bother with implosion devices? (For the record, gun-types were retired by the military due to safety concerns. If anything accidentally sets off the explosive trigger... BOOM! Whereas implosion devices can be designed to fizzle if accidentally detonated before arming.)

    72. Re:Mystery Pits by ptbarnett · · Score: 2

      the loss of Japanese lives would have been far higher if America had invaded... rather than accept the offers of surrender made before the atomic bombs were ever droped... oh... wait... they don't bother teaching that bit in American highschools do they?

      You keep posting this assertion with no corroboration, and have been refuted each time. How many times are you going to post it before you give up?

    73. Re:Mystery Pits by cbiltcliffe · · Score: 1

      Excuse me, but....what?

      During WWII, Russia, the USA, Britain, France, and a few other countries were allied against Japan, Germany, Italy and a couple more.

      Why the hell would the US bomb their enemy to stop their ally? That makes no sense at all.

      --
      "City hall" in German is "Rathaus" Kinda explains a few things......
    74. Re:Mystery Pits by ScrewMaster · · Score: 5, Informative

      Why is it that everyone focuses on the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, completely ignoring the months of fire raids that preceeded Fatman and Littleboy? Those raids caused far more devastation than both atom bombs put together. The effects were made infinitely more dramatic because of the Japanese habit of building their homes out of what was essentially paper.

      Furthermore, after having been burned to a crisp, they still wouldn't grant an unconditional surrender. The only thing left was a bloody ground assault ... or The Bomb. So we nuked them. Then, after absorbing not one but two nukings, the Japanese military still wouldn't surrender! it was Hirohito himself who had to finally call a halt.

      Your history is a bit ... off. The GP is correct: if you don't want a war (or want to stop one) you eliminate the enemy's capacity to wage it. The truth is, World War II changed the face of war forever, and it wasn't the atom bomb that did it. It was the long-range bomber. All major conflicts leading up to the Big One were fought with little ability to affect the other side's manufacturing base. You could cut his lines of supply ... but there was no way to reach out and attack his means of production. That meant that most conflicts were between military personnel and involving military targets. Civilian areas could be occupied or overrun, but were generally not blown to pieces.

      The long-range bomber allowed direct attacks upon factories, transportation hubs, storage facilities and other paraphenalia of a modern industrial economy. This had the effect of involving the civilian population, who had previously remained distant from actual warfare (until a nation's defenses were overrun and an occupation began.) Germany and Japan both built their military machines using civilian workers and production facilities, who became legitimate targets once the ability to hit them was available.

      You know what? We deduce the existence of peace because there are intervals between wars. Peace is an ideal, and like most ideals it is rarely, if ever, fully realized. Not for long, anyway. You're also wrong about why we never had future attacks from Japan. They'd have done it if they could ... we just wouldn't let them arm themselves, made them allies, and we provided for their defense. Some allies they turned out to be, using the capabilities we gave them to successfully attack our manufacturing sector. Don't underestimate the Japanese: yes, we rebuilt their their industrial engine after the War (just as we did for Germany) but our generosity came back to haunt us.

      --
      The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
    75. Re:Mystery Pits by ScrewMaster · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I'm not sure why parent was modded Flamebait but he's right. The soldiers being killed in Iraq and Afghanistan are just as dead as those killed in WWII or any other war or"police action." Believe me, all states of war are equal when you're on the wrong end of an enemy weapon.

      Nonsense. Let me put it this way: when it comes to armed conflict, SIZE DOES MATTER. Sure, you're just as dead no matter what ... but World War II produced a lot more dead than Iraq and Afghanistan (and I'm not even counting what happened to the German Jewish population.) Look at the thousands upon thousands of Allied soldiers buried all across Europe, the loss of civilian lives ... and then tell me that you can in any way compare that conflict to any more recent "war".

      Let's hope a real nuclear war never arises. No, I don't count Hiroshima and Nagasaki ... Fatman and Littleboy are toys in comparison to modern weapons.

      --
      The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
    76. Re:Mystery Pits by Duhavid · · Score: 1

      Who made these surrender requests, and what authority did they have to make it?

      My understanding is that the surrender feelers came from non-Army people close to the Emperor, but the real power ( and ability to surrender ) was held by the Japanese Army. And they were convinced they were going to win.

      --
      emt 377 emt 4
    77. Re:Mystery Pits by dryeo · · Score: 5, Insightful

      And yet the first time a team of engineers tried to build one, it worked. They didn't even have a supercomputer to do simulations on.

      --
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism
    78. Re:Mystery Pits by ScrewMaster · · Score: 4, Informative

      Boy, well that sure worked well with Germany post WWI.

      One of the more uninformed remarks. Look, after World War I the Allies essentially bankrupted Germany with war reparations. That left Germans prime targets for the first demagogue to come along. After the Second World War, we did exactly the opposite ... rather than destroying what remained of their economy we rebuilt it. The two situations are simply not comparable.

      --
      The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
    79. Re:Mystery Pits by YrWrstNtmr · · Score: 5, Insightful

      They're also highly ineffective. Very little fallout can be spread through conventional means. And of the fallout that does spread, you'll kill very few people. The explosion intended to disperse the materials is guaranteed to kill more people than the radioactive fallout.

      As a terror weapon, it works. The people who do not understand the difference vastly outnumber the ones who do.
      BOMB? Radiation!?! SERIOUS PANIC

      Will it actually rack up a large body count? No. But the resulting panic (OMG terrorist Radiation!!) would be far, far worse than anything we've yet seen.

    80. Re:Mystery Pits by shadowbearer · · Score: 4, Insightful

        You said "Currently the stored (highly radioactive) waste is leaking into the groundwater, but has not yet reached the river."

        But I showed you that it has already. Operational or not - and you didn't mention that at all in your post; it's still there, and given that the site hasn't been cleaned up, it is still a problem, neh? Did it just stop leaking? Leakage is still occurring and will likely get worse as the containers buried there, and the liquid waste facilities, continue to deteriorate.

        It's also highly likely that there's a lot of that waste, even from the time period you refer to, sequestered in sediments and other places along the river.

        I guess I'm wondering what point you're trying to make in your reply. "That's not the waste I was talking about" sounds like "that's not the droids you are looking for."

        Not yet? Are you implying that Hanford isn't a major problem, "yet"? It's been a superfund site since the late 80s, and is not-so-debatedly our worse radioactive dump site. Why it hasn't been seriously dealt with, considering it's location and the cities downstream, and the sheer amount of waste stored there, escapes me.

          I'm not being pedantic. Hanford is a horrible problem and we should have put major funding into cleaning it up back in the 80s, when the problem was recognized. I'm old enough to remember the news and science journal reports back when it started becoming a concern - decades late wrt to our knowledge about the dangers, as far as I'm concerned.

        That's what got my ire up about this story - finding an old Manhattan Proj era safe with near-critical mass material in it just "buried" at the site - likely lost thru oversight and secrecy, and we're apparently just getting that deep into digging this stuff up? Obviously our cleanup/superfund programs are underfunded or not being done competently. (Not news, but still aggravating)

        So make yourself clear, if you can.

        Yeah, I'm angry. Not at you, specifically, but at the ignoramuses who have and continue to bury problems like this because it's "not their problem" - or, "it's not a /(our) problem...yet" or "we don't want to pay money to fix it, let our kids do it." Bullshit. Metric tons of bullshit. ... superfund sites seem to exist at the whim of the current administration. Which is a travesty. We as a country need to own up to our past problems, and just fix them. Which will be costly, but not as costly as ceasing to exist as as a nation, culture, or society, or even a responsible political entity. If there is such a thing.

        Not sorry if I seem to be ranting. Someone has to say it. I just wish I knew how to say it more clearly.

      SB

       

      --
      It's old. The more humans I meet, the more I like my cats. At least they are honest.
    81. Re:Mystery Pits by calidoscope · · Score: 3, Informative

      Gun type on the other hand, are easy. Just slam two hemispheres of Uranium together hard enough and BOOM. With that kind of ease of use, why would any non-superpower bother with implosion devices? (For the record, gun-types were retired by the military due to safety concerns. If anything accidentally sets off the explosive trigger... BOOM! Whereas implosion devices can be designed to fizzle if accidentally detonated before arming.)

      A couple of corrections on gun type weapons.

      One is that the Little Boy bomb shot a cylindrical slug through a hollow cylinder of U-235 - much less weight to accelerate than half a hemisphere - also a better match for the gun barrel (and it was a gun barrel).

      The second is that gun type weapons are incredibly inefficient in use of fissile material - critical mass for a spherical assembly of U-235 is 52 kg which would yield 1 MT if completely fissioned (a good implosion device may be good for fissioning 25% of the fissile inventory). The Little Boy's yield was about 12 kT, implying that maybe 1% of the U-235 fissioned.

      --
      A Shadeless room is a brighter room.
    82. Re:Mystery Pits by ScrewMaster · · Score: 0, Redundant

      At the cost of hundreds of thousands of civilian Japanese lives.

      That's what happens when your Emperor and your military piss off America.

      Not exactly. That's what happens when you kill enough of us that we take notice, and then refuse to surrender after we've firebombed your happy little asses back into the Stone Age.

      --
      The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
    83. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous+Cowpat · · Score: 3, Informative

      1) "You're responsible for my reaction to what you did". Wrong. You are responsible for what you do. I'm not going to say that the United States was evil in nuking Japan, given the callous disregard that all sides had for civilian life during that conflict, but trying to say that the Japanese essentially nuked themselves is ridiculous.

      2) The whole "comply with demands that we're making in the full knowledge that you won't be willing\able to comply with them, or else" pretext for attacking someone is how the first world war kicked off too.

      3) The US took as much part in the Dresden raid as the British (and, infact, changed their bomb mix to be more effective at city-wide destruction than normal)

      4) After the war, the US commander, Eisenhower, was all for using the civilian population of Germany as slave labour. He was also the person ultimately responsible for the fact that the civilian population was rationed food at 800 calories per day whilst the occupying forces were getting 4500.

      5) I don't know if you'd call turning most the eastern Europe into communist dictatorships 'treating enemy countries well'. They also had an horrific rate of survival for captured PoWs.

      --
      FGD 135
    84. Re:Mystery Pits by Ogive17 · · Score: 1

      Not trying to condone the action, but how many Japanese would've died protecting their home soil? Japan's military had no intention of surrendering at the time.

      --
      "Action without philosophy is a lethal weapon; philosophy without action is worthless."
    85. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous+Cowpat · · Score: 1

      If there were enough Jerusalems to go around, it might solve the problem.

      In response to your passive solution, US$600b worth of land-based CIWSs could entirely surround Gaza and do a fair job of stopping the rocket fire, without the need for dismantling Berlin.

      --
      FGD 135
    86. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Under intense time pressure to work with previously theoretical isotopes that just might save tens of thousands of American lives?

      At the cost of hundreds of thousands of civilian Japanese lives.

      They were Japs. So what?!?

    87. Re:Mystery Pits by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      As a terror weapon, it works. The people who do not understand the difference vastly outnumber the ones who do. BOMB? Radiation!?! SERIOUS PANIC

      This is true. However, the terrorists only get one shot. After the dirty bomb fails to do significant damage, its effectiveness as a weapon will drop. Each succeeding failure will reduce the effectiveness of the panic attack until the "dirty" part of the bomb is completely ignored by the public.

      On the bright side, we'd have a lot less ignorance about nuclear power. ;-)

    88. Re:Mystery Pits by HungryHobo · · Score: 0

      "By the end of January 1945, some Japanese officials close to the Emperor were seeking surrender terms which would protect his position. These proposals, sent through both British and American channels were assembled by General Douglas MacArthur into a 40-page dossier and given to President Roosevelt on February 2, two days before the Yalta conference. The dossier was reportedly dismissed by Roosevelt out of hand -- the proposals all included the condition that Emperor's position would be assured, albeit possibly as a puppet ruler."

      Yes there were factions which didn't want peace but the simple fact is that Roosevelt wasn't even willing to look at the surrender terms.

    89. Re:Mystery Pits by Tuna_Shooter · · Score: 1

      Karma --- dump ..... yes it DID cost a lot of lives on both sides... the US didnt start it but i was always taught when you keep poking at the bear sooner or later it's going to bite a big chunk off of you......

      --
      *--- Sometimes a majority only means that all the fools are on the same side. ---*
    90. Re:Mystery Pits by b4upoo · · Score: 1, Insightful

      Could it be that this stands as proof that humanity is not competent enough to handle nuclear materials? Is there any reason to really believe that we are better at taking long term precautions today?

    91. Re:Mystery Pits by b4upoo · · Score: 0, Troll

      Sending some plutonium to Iran is something that numerous loyal Americans could live with. They want nuclear energy. We can give it to them.

    92. Re:Mystery Pits by Brett+Buck · · Score: 1

      Oh, bullshit. Sure, there are plenty of sketches around, but going from those sketches (many of which contain *intentional* but subtle errors - why do you think they are available), to engineering drawings, to making the parts, to assembling it, is quite a project. And the construction itself requires a few very tricky pieces that are very closely controlled.

              Right now, virtually no terrorist group independent of an established government has anything like the wherewithall to build an implosion weapon that works properly. It could be argued that even a fizzle would be useful to them. But to all indications from almost any of the likely candidates are concentrating on Uranium and that means a gun-assembled bomb, not an implosion weapon.

              Brett

    93. Re:Mystery Pits by HungryHobo · · Score: 1

      The emperors staff/officials. Roosevelt simply dismissed it out of hand.

      Few believed they could win at that stage,but some on the army did however believe they could win at least one significant battle before offering surrender in order to get more lenient terms.

    94. Re:Mystery Pits by Brett+Buck · · Score: 2, Insightful

      The only effective part of it is the hysteria, not the actual effects. So many people have been fed so much nonsense about the dangers of radiation over the years that I am sure wide-spread evacuations would be mandated. That does make it effective as a terror weapon - never mind the reality. There are still those who refer to as 3-mile-island as a "tragedy" and a "disaster" when in fact no one has been or ever will have been negatively affected by it. Aside those who experience the high electricity bills, and pollution side-effects, from abandoning nuclear energy over the hysteria.

              Brett

    95. Re:Mystery Pits by guruevi · · Score: 1

      At the cost of American lives as well. Look up the University of Rochester's Medical Annex origin and involvement with the Manhattan Project and you'll find that experimenting on unknowing humans wasn't something they were afraid of.

      --
      Custom electronics and digital signage for your business: www.evcircuits.com
    96. Re:Mystery Pits by Tenebrousedge · · Score: 2, Informative

      Did you read that link you gave me? Most of the reactors that were involved with those contaminants have been demolished. They're not particularly hazardous at the moment. The more immediate danger is from stored wastes.

      Hanford has not been cleared up and is leaking. Read about it on wikipedia. The numbers on there are talking about a million gallons of highly radioactive waste that has not yet entered the river. However bad it is now and/or was then, it has the potential to get much worse in the near future.

      I was living in the Tri-Cities for a while; Hanford is the subject of daily conversation there, you may be sure. Hanford now is a major problem. It has the potential to be a catastrophe unlike anything this country has seen to date. With luck, we may yet avoid that dire fate. To say that action must be taken is an understatement.

      --
      Those who advocate genocide deserve every protection afforded by law, and none afforded by common human decency.
    97. Re:Mystery Pits by BlueStrat · · Score: 1

      the loss of Japanese lives would have been far higher if America had invaded... rather than accept the offers of surrender made before the atomic bombs were ever droped... oh... wait... they don't bother teaching that bit in American highschools do they?

      You've already had this debunked for you a number of times. Why do you persist with this, for all practical purposes and to all reasonable evaluation, fantasy? Well, I suppose it's understandable...no reason to let facts get in the way of a good US-bashing.

      [sarcasm]

      I'm certain that if there were to be a humanitarian disaster of some sort in your location, you'd stand on principle and not accept help from the horrible, awful, war-criminals of the USA to save yourself and those you love.

      I'm sure that you'll be able to count on a massive relief effort that's sure to be mounted by either Russia, China, N. Korea, Iran, or Syria. I can see how they and the US-bashing European nations are mobilizing to assist in Darfur, so I'm sure you'll be just fine.

      [/sarcasm]

      I just love how so many nations and people that are so quick to condemn the US are even quicker to take US foreign-aid and humanitarian relief. No other nation does as much to help others as the US. The fact that we do it despite all the bashing and back-stabbing by those we help when other nations who could help won't and criticize the US for not doing enough pretty well says all there is to say.

      Even in wars and military conflicts the US takes more pains to avoid innocent deaths than any other nation, even sacrificing non-trivial numbers of US lives to that end, and we're still demonized. Yet we don't abandon our principles and simply level entire nations and decimate entire populations as we could do without even trying.

      Sure, the USA makes mistakes and blunders. We and our leaders are human. Yes, we'll look out for our interests as every other nation does. Despite this, we still do more to help those in need around the world (even our self-sworn enemies) than any other nation on the planet.

      Go ahead, mods...do your worst. My karma is excellent. In more ways than one.

      Strat

      --
      Progressivism (aka US 'Liberalism'): Ideas so good they need a police/surveillance-state to enforce.
    98. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The U.S. always knew that the Soviet Union was the bigger threat. Germany (and Japan) was just the more imminent threat. That's why almost as soon as WWII was over, the Soviet Union and the United States were enemies.

      Note: I'm not saying that's why the bombs were used (although it was a general demonstration to the world).

    99. Re:Mystery Pits by ptbarnett · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Yes there were factions which didn't want peace but the simple fact is that Roosevelt wasn't even willing to look at the surrender terms.

      As others have pointed out, Japan didn't offer "surrender". They were offering what was effectively nothing more than a cease-fire.

      The Japanese have a multitude of ways to say "yes", and many of them actually are mean "no", albeit politely. Roosevelt wasn't willing to accept anything less than unconditional surrender, because it would have inevitably been re-interpreted into something less than the original agreement.

    100. Re:Mystery Pits by kms_one · · Score: 2, Funny

      No, in fact with greater superheros come more powerful villains Hell bent on world domination if only they could do something about those pesky teenagers that foil all their schemes!!

    101. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Of course the US has a much larger population than Iraq, so even if the numbers of deaths were equal, -and they aren't even close- the death rates would be proportionally much higher in Iraq.

      Lets not forget that a good number of those innocent Iraqi deaths were caused by their OWN people blowing themselves up in suicide bombings and their own civil war - not just US troops.

    102. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      I was under the impression the "gun" type was abandoned because:
      1) low yield, not enough BANG! You need a thermonuclear warhead for that.
      2) difficult to weaponize/deliver - large size / weight and not easy to carry via a ballistic missile type launch vehicle.
      3) fixed yield, modern nukes are more flexible and can be adjusted realtime for the yield based on ratios of tritium and deuterium used in the device.

      I read somewhere that the materials science used in the manufacturing of the DU shell and the plutonium "pit" are amazing. IIRCC, if you enlarged the radius of the pit to that of the earth, the hills and valleys would only be a couple inches high.

    103. Re:Mystery Pits by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      Don't devalue the amount of work and number of tests that went into making the Trinity test a success. From Wikipedia:

      Born out of a small research program in 1939, the Manhattan Project eventually employed more than 130,000 people and cost nearly $2 billion USD ($24 billion in 2008 dollars based on CPI). It resulted in the creation of multiple production and research sites that operated in secret.

      The three primary research and production sites of the project were the plutonium-production facility at what is now the Hanford Site, the uranium-enrichment facilities at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and the weapons research and design laboratory, now known as Los Alamos National Laboratory. Project research took place at over thirty sites across the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom.

      That's an insane amount of resources to pour into a project. And even with some of the world's best nuclear scientists on the job, they went from scratch to a successful test in a little less than a decade. Can your average terrorist organization throw those kinds of resources at a project AND still ensure a successful first test?

    104. Re:Mystery Pits by tmosley · · Score: 1

      Yes, but we haven't been in any total wars, like WWI or WWII. We have only participated in relatively small conflicts, generally civil wars.

      That shouldn't be taken as any sort of defense of US military policy whatsoever. It's just an observation that there haven't been any world wars or even major regional conflicts in areas with at least one nuclear armed party.

    105. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Tell that to the guys in the cemetary, their widows, their children.

      Yes, I thank them often.

    106. Re:Mystery Pits by The+Grim+Reefer2 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      There are still those who refer to as 3-mile-island as a "tragedy" and a "disaster" when in fact no one has been or ever will have been negatively affected by it. Aside those who experience the high electricity bills, and pollution side-effects, from abandoning nuclear energy over the hysteria.

      I lived in the area when that occurred and I agree that only tragedy to the general public was a heightened fear of nuclear power. What I find interesting though is how the employees at TMI from that incident seem to be forgotten, or conveniently not mentioned. I dated a girl when I was in high school whose father was there during that time. He and quite a few of his coworkers who were dying from cancer received a fairly large chunk of change from their employer. So no, I wouldn't go so far as to say that no one was negatively affected.

    107. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      For technologically advanced states the gun-type method is now essentially obsolete, for reasons of efficiency and safety. [...] For example, it is inherently dangerous to have a weapon containing a quantity and shape of fissile material that can form a critical mass through a relatively simple accident. Furthermore, if the weapon is dropped from an aircraft into the sea, then the moderating effect of the light sea water can also cause a criticality accident without the weapon even being physically damaged. Neither can happen with an implosion-type weapon, since there is normally insufficient fissile material to form a critical mass without the correct detonation of the explosive lenses.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun-type_fission_weapon

      Your points are also factors, but safety is also a serious concern.

    108. Re:Mystery Pits by shadowbearer · · Score: 2, Insightful

        ""Hanford has not been cleared up and is leaking. Read about it on wikipedia. The numbers on there are talking about a million gallons of highly radioactive waste that has not yet entered the river. However bad it is now and/or was then, it has the potential to get much worse in the near future."

        Funny, that's exactly what I was saying ;)

        We're in agreement, we're just not communicating.

        Probably the most common problem, nowadays.

        Most of those storage containers have, what, a roughly fifty year projected 50/50 containment life? Right about now, bar a few years ;(

        The sad thing about it, my friend, is that the discussion about the hazards, and the continual avoidance of responsibility for cleanup, has been going on for longer than you or I have been alive (likely, unless you're in your late 70s)

        When do we make a serious effort at fixing it?

        Yeah, I thought so.

        Cheers :)

        SB

      --
      It's old. The more humans I meet, the more I like my cats. At least they are honest.
    109. Re:Mystery Pits by sjames · · Score: 1

      Considering that the two alternatives were anthrax bombs (also under development) or invading door to door killing everything that moved, the bomb WAS the humane approach. Also considering that Hitler was known to be developing atomic weapons (and there was no real idea how far along he was or wasn't).

      It's also worth remembering that until the world had actually seen an atomic bomb used, it was hard to imagine just how destructive it actually was.

    110. Re:Mystery Pits by FearForWings · · Score: 1

      Because many in power in the USA, Britain, and France viewed the USSR more as 'the enemy of of my enemy', and felt that communism and capitalism could never coexist (see: the cold war).

      --
      I don't know about angles, but it's fear that gives men wings. -Max Payne
    111. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Wow BlueStrat, we have had disagreements before, but this time you are spot-on! (US does not donate the most per capita, but we are not all that bad either).

      Very strange to see eye-to-eye with you. Posting A/C since this is off-topic. ..slashtivus..

    112. Re:Mystery Pits by sjames · · Score: 1

      Not to mention how much easier it is to kill yourself with a dirty bomb than it is to kill your target.

    113. Re:Mystery Pits by HungryHobo · · Score: 1

      Ah because the good old US of A is the perfect country where sunshine flows out of the assholes of the general population.
      Do you even realise that you get taught a biased version of world events?
      It's natural, every country does it, but at least I don't pretend it doesn't happen in my country.

      You hear about the places where your government steps in to help, we hear about where ours step in to help.
      You decide the other countries are all useless (because fox news has little time for places that aren't interesting to americans for lack of American troops to support) and news of what america is up to hits the headlines hardest in other countries when there's a fuckup and lots of people die.

      Actually the EU provides more official foreign development aid than the US.
      http://www.results.org/website/article.asp?id=3558
      The EU states of France germany and the UK alone beat the US and when you consider how much wealthier the US is those countries are giving twice the percentage of Gross National Income that the US is. Now that's no reason to knock the US, any donation is a help when it comes to these things.

      But but but but...fox news said america is the only country in the world that ever does anything good!!!!!
      On balance I'd call the US a positive force in the world but you seem to believe that that translates to "nobody should ever point out when US does something of questionable morality, amnesty international shouldn't even look at the US!"

      First- Check your fact.
      Second- stop with the fucking persecution complex.

    114. Re:Mystery Pits by strong_epoxy · · Score: 0, Flamebait

      500,000 Iraqi children could have been saved had Saddam adhered to UN resolutions. But that's not his style. No, dead children was his best weapon against the west and people of your persuasion eat it up. So America topples the man at a terrible loss of over 4000 service men and women (people better than anyone on Slashdot) and it's bloody murder and evil imperialism.

    115. Re:Mystery Pits by HungryHobo · · Score: 0, Troll

      Those dirty underhanded Japs!

    116. Re:Mystery Pits by laddiebuck · · Score: 1

      It did -- or it would have, because it goes without saying that you don't subsequently just let him rebuild it all. The fact is, the British leaders of the 30s, MacDonald for instance, bet on lasting peace and they began an appalling disarmament programme. They bet wrong.

      Had these leaders woken up to a sense of their history only a few years earlier than they did -- started rearming in 1936 and not 1938, for instance -- the whole war could have been avoided, or at least made a very simple, year-long affair.

    117. Re:Mystery Pits by Perf · · Score: 1

      Under intense time pressure to work with previously theoretical isotopes that just might save tens of thousands of American lives?

      At the cost of hundreds of thousands of civilian Japanese lives.

      Your "facts" are flawed. Go read http://www.warbirdforum.com/hirodead.htm (for some REAL scholarship on the matter.)
      Then tell us,
      How many civilians were dying each month in Japanese concentration camps? (From slow starvation and disease. How many Red Cross parcels with vitamins and medicines were withheld from the prisoners?)
      How many civilian women did the Japanese draft as "comfort" women?
      Last but not least, which country initiated the war and which country to tried to stay out of it?

    118. Re:Mystery Pits by gregbot9000 · · Score: 1

      It's obvious you have never played Risk, Alliances exist solely to give you time to kill them first.

    119. Re:Mystery Pits by pnevin · · Score: 1

      They made a desert and called it peace ...

    120. Re:Mystery Pits by bsDaemon · · Score: 3, Insightful

      If they have nuclear power, they don't have to burn petrol for electricity, which means more is available on the market and so the price can go down for us. It's kind of like us giving them the means to carry out the advise of "don't get high off your own supply."

      p.s. I know you're talking about dropping the bomb on them, but seriously... why not let them have nuclear power stations?

    121. Re:Mystery Pits by Low+Ranked+Craig · · Score: 3, Interesting

      So, don't make an implosion device. Make a sphere and core device, or a gun-type weapon. It's a lot less efficient, sure, but you can make it with tools from any high school machine shop. You don't even need high explosives - black powder will do. I believe that one of the bombs used in Japan was of this type. They knew it was going to work. They didn't even bother to test it.

      --
      I still cannot find the droids I am looking for...
    122. Re:Mystery Pits by PachmanP · · Score: 3, Funny

      of course we are! We use Pyrex now, and the holes are totally deeper!

      --
      You're thinking small. Why miniaturize the laser, when we could instead enlarge the sharks? -John Searle
    123. Re:Mystery Pits by mjwx · · Score: 1

      Peace is the result of completely removing your enemy's capacity or desire to wage war. Sad, but true.

      There is the important bit, all the capacity in the world doesn't matter one iota if the enemy does not wish to fight. On the other hand an enemy that wishes to oppose you in every way will fight no matter how much his production or infrastructure is lacking.

      Sun Tzu understood this to be the most important key to victory 2000 years ago, why have we forgotten this. Sun Tzu called his 5th key to victory called the ***** law, (blanked out deliberately as some Americans cant seem to grasp that when when a translated from a 2000 yr old dialect Chinese, into english 100 years ago may not be the same as it means today) states that a people will act in complete accordance with their leader. This also means that a people may act in resistance of their leader or in direct support of another leader.

      This is why the Palestinians and Iraqi's continue to fight Israel and the US. Israel and the US simply do not understand the enemy thus are powerless to stop them.

      Another pearl of wisdom by Sun Tzu, which our western leaders have completely forgotten is:

      The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting

      Wars are not necessary for peace.

      --
      Calling someone a "hater" only means you can not rationally rebut their argument.
    124. Re:Mystery Pits by spinlight · · Score: 1

      ... superfund sites seem to exist at the whim of the previous administration.

      There, fixed that for ya.

      --
      "I do not avoid women, Mandrake . . . but I do deny them my essence." - Gen. Ripper
    125. Re:Mystery Pits by b1scuit · · Score: 1

      You're assuming it would take more than 1 dirty bomb attack and the ensuing craziness to make this country turn in and eat itself. Which, quite frankly, is more credit than I'd give.

    126. Re:Mystery Pits by BlueStrat · · Score: 3, Funny

      Ah because the good old US of A is the perfect country where sunshine flows out of the assholes of the general population.

      Try reading my post. I said the US makes mistakes and blunders. Apparently reading (and comprehension) is NOT fundamental for you.

      Do you even realise that you get taught a biased version of world events?

      I don't depend on any one source, or any one nations' sources for my information. They now have this wonderful thing called the "internet" now. You probably know it as that thing Al Gore invented. (Yes, that's sarcasm.)

      Actually the EU provides more official foreign development aid than the US.
      http://www.results.org/website/article.asp?id=3558
      The EU states of France germany and the UK alone beat the US and when you consider how much wealthier the US is those countries are giving twice the percentage of Gross National Income that the US is. Now that's no reason to knock the US, any donation is a help when it comes to these things.

      So, you quote some private non-governmental organization with a vested interest in pressuring the richer countries to contribute more and that uses statistics (lies, damn lies, and statistics) to "prove" the US isn't "doing it's fair share". Here's a news flash Bunky...WE DON"T OWE ANYONE A DAMNED THING! We give and in the amount we choose because that is OUR prerogative, not yours or anyone elses.

      But but but but...fox news said america is the only country in the world that ever does anything good!!!!!

      This is the second time you've mentioned Fox News in this one post. Obsess, much?

      On balance I'd call the US a positive force in the world...

      I agree. :)

      ...but you seem to believe that that translates to "nobody should ever point out when US does something of questionable morality, amnesty international shouldn't even look at the US!"

      Nice strawman you've built there. I never said that. I don't believe that. I *do* believe that Amnesty International has become politicized and has become a tool of the more left-leaning ideologues in recent times, which is sad. Especially for those to whom they could be devoting those resources that are instead being used to wage political/ideological attacks.

      First- Check your fact.

      *I* have, but in your case it's apparent that there are none so blind as those that refuse to see.

      Second- stop with the fucking persecution complex.

      Right. Because everyone knows that the US never gets unfairly-bashed, especially on /. .

      By the way, how is that whole Darfur thing working out for you guys? I'm sure you must have it well in hand by now, no? After all, you *are* so much more caring than the "E-vil" USA...right?

      It's ok, son...when you gain some age & maturity, you'll be able to separate your emotions from logic and actual history, and be able to think these things through more clearly.

      Strat

      --
      Progressivism (aka US 'Liberalism'): Ideas so good they need a police/surveillance-state to enforce.
    127. Re:Mystery Pits by commodoresloat · · Score: 4, Insightful

      BTW, figures are fatal U.S. military casualties only
       

      I think that's exactly the problem with this line of discussion.

    128. Re:Mystery Pits by Whatsmynickname · · Score: 1

      I suppose you wanted this instead?

      By the way, I could not believe this when I read it, but if Operation Downfall would have taken place, there were seven more nukes which were planned to be used during that operation. With Allied soldiers going in immediately afterward! What a nightmare that would have been!!! How many more Japanese civilians would have been killed between fighting the soldiers and the additional nukes?

      Also, my dad would have been part of that operation, and if they didn't drop the bombs, I probably would not have been typing this right now...

    129. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Even with the most pessimistic of calculations about civilian deaths in Iraq there have been about as many traffic fatalities in the US since the conflict began as there have been deaths there.

      The fact that an equal amount of lives are lost in traffic accidents doesn't diminish the fact that people still die in war. The difference is that accidents are accidents, war on the other hand is highly deliberate.

      I'm just saying that most people alive today have no real concept of what war is.

      No offence but you seem to be the one disillusioned about war if you find it equal to a traffic accident and mere numbers. Do you really understand the horrors of war? Somehow I doubt it.

    130. Re:Mystery Pits by jackchance · · Score: 1
      All wars are not equal.
      But the # of fatalities is a only a proxy to the psychological devastation that war can cause. Leaving people alive but traumatized can be worse in the long run.

      Japan is an interesting case of this. One could argue that the fetishistic nature of their current culture is a coping mechanism for communal post-traumatic stress disorder.

      I know this is off-topic, but this discussion begs a comment on the current israel-gaza situation. Israel killed over a thousand gazans (many civilian) in the recent conflict. There are 1.4 million people in gaza and another 2.5 million in the west bank. How can people be calling this genocide? More americans were killed in 9/11 and i don't think anyone called that genocide.

      That said, the policies of israel (and the PA) have made life in gaza suffocating. The international community for the most part doesn't care about people living in pain (physical or psychological) but kill some and suddenly everyone cares.

      If people focused more on the living instead of counting fatalities the world would be a better place.

      --
      1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181 6765
    131. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A couple of corrections on gun type weapons.

      Which is the part that frightens me.

      I miss the cold war. Deriving how things like the test named after a notable figure in the Great Underground Empire worked (flexible stuff like all-you-minium, maybe toothpicks, and do you compensate by machining the pit's just not polite to talk about some things in polite company, even if you were just an undergrad who spent too much time with the wrong textbook ~20 years ago, couldn't completely figure it out, but said "yeah, here be dragons", gave the book back to the prof, got a good grade, a knowing grin, and then promptly drank enough beer to forget everything but the handwaving arguments about l*cough*n that have been in the public domain for 30+ years) would be way more fun.

      I miss the cold war because back in the days there were interesting problems to be solved about mass and deliverability. Today's most likely proliferator appears to be a state actor that may not give a rat's ass about efficiency, because it only wants to make one sale, and its customer only wants to use it once, in which case, MAD may not apply.

      Kudos to the weaponeers who figured out the fun problems. Anyone who considers themselves a geek and who ever winds up in Vegas for a technology conference must visit the atomic testing museum. Open to the public. A non-techie layman will enjoy it. An engineer - of any stripe - will appreciate it. Coolest. Museum. Evar.

    132. Re:Mystery Pits by daveywest · · Score: 1

      I have two uncles that worked on different parts of the first atomic bombs.

      The one I consider the brilliant scientist still doesn't talk much about what he did. We just know he was involved.

      The second was part of a team that built a deployment apparatus. They would get specs from another government agency, build the parts, get some feedback and rebuild. They had no clue what they were working on until they saw the news reports about Hiroshima.

      Honestly, most of the people involved in those early years didn't have any clue what they were involved with. The top brass did, but they weren't the ones charged with caring for the neat stuff that made the little screen glow when it got near.

    133. Re:Mystery Pits by KarrdeSW · · Score: 5, Interesting
      I'm going to post my hopefully catch-all response to this general thread right here, mostly because I found the immediate above response to be the most intelligently written (even if I still disagree with it).

      Most of the whining about my statement has been for a citation. I find this rather hilarious, as the first person who responded to my post gave a citation that supported my point: that there had been earlier offers of peace from japan that were rejected by Roosevelt. Either way, the source I take my information from was the largely undisputed article printed shortly after Japan's surrender, authored by Walter Trohan. For those who do not have access to Proquest, The Journal of Historical Review gives a pretty good analysis of the article and also reprints the text at the bottom of the page.
      From the Journal Article:

      Trohan's article revealed that two days prior to Rooseveltâ(TM)s departure for Yalta, the president received a crucial, forty page memorandum from General Douglas MacArthur outlining five separate surrender overtures from highly placed Jap officials offering surrender terms which were virtually identical to the ones eventually dictated by the Allies to the Japanese in August.

      Yes, there were 5 offers of peace relayed to the allies long before the atom bombs were dropped. The three I refer to in my original post were the three that had been relayed directly to US forces, the other two were relayed via the British.

      Why is it that everyone focuses on the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, completely ignoring the months of fire raids that preceeded

      I do not discount the magnitude of these bombings, but a quick search of Wikipedia does reveal that these missions began after the three offers of peace I am discussing. The terms which the allied forces made Japan agree to in the end (which only asked to keep their monarch in place) were identical to the ones given before these bombings. This means that the bombings were entirely unnecessary.

      Furthermore, after having been burned to a crisp, they still wouldn't grant an unconditional surrender.

      True, they did not agree to an unconditional surrender, but since Roosevelt dismissed the offer out of hand, it is also true that there was no effort truly made to find out if they would accept unconditional surrender. However, since the eventual surrender still allowed Japan the one condition they asked for, I find your point is rather moot.
      Though, the bombings did have one effect. They made Japan desperate enough to make similar offers to Russia.
      From the end of the Trohan article:

      Just before the Japanese surrender the Russian foreign commissar disclosed that the Japs had made peace overtures through Moscow asking that the Soviets mediate the war. These overtures were made in the middle of June through the Russian foreign office and also through a personal letter from Hirohito to Stalin Both overtures were reported to the United States and Britain.

      The analysis about bombers and civilian war is mostly correct. Additionally, I never really disagreed that eliminating the enemy's ability to wage war was effective, I only note that the extent to which it was taken in the Pacific Theater was completely unnecessary.

      You're also wrong about why we never had future attacks from Japan. They'd have done it if they could ... we just w

    134. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, Einstein, optimizing a bomb's yield requires supercomputing resources.

      Just making the damn thing go "Bang" obviously doesn't require any computing resources beyond what was available in 1945.

    135. Re:Mystery Pits by Brett+Buck · · Score: 1

      But it doesn't work with plutonium. You need far greater assembly velocities than are practical, otherwise it blows itself apart long before much fuel is burned.

                Brett

    136. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Here's a quick synopsis of casualties in major U.S wars.

      I'm not entirely sure what you're trying to say here. We've had 3/4 as many deaths in the war on Terror as we had in the Revolutionary War. That I found pretty interesting.

      If what you mean is the number of casualties in the war, compare US to European losses in either war and the US numbers look trivial. Does that mean the US was any less endangered by the war, or that it was any easier for the servicemen?

      I must agree with the war is war standpoint, as long as it's happening somewhere. The USA hasn't had very many years without bloodying its hands somewhere.

    137. Re:Mystery Pits by mortonda · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Well, any state of war is bad (I think that's your point), but I offer you 416,000 examples of why "all states of war are equal" is a mistake to think. Compare that to the current war's 5,000ish figure and you can better visualize the point of the GGP.. BTW, figures are fatal U.S. military casualties only

      ... and compare that to drunk driving: In 2006, there were 13,470 fatalities in crashes involving an alcohol-impaired driver (BAC of .08 or higher) ... or heart disease, or cancer... relatively, this war has pretty light casualties.

      OTOH, comparing those numbers to the risk of a terrorist attack on US soil, I have to say, who cares about homeland security? I'm much more likely to be hit by a drunk driver than I am to be attacked by a terrorist.

    138. Re:Mystery Pits by Hal_Porter · · Score: 0, Troll

      I have a bridge to sell. Very high quality.

      Excellent price for you, my friend.

      --
      echo -e 'global _start\n _start:\n mov eax, 2\n int 80h\n jmp _start' > a.asm; nasm a.asm -f elf; ld a.o -o a;
    139. Re:Mystery Pits by ultranova · · Score: 1

      Do you have any idea of the kind of balls it took to be a part of this team? Under intense time pressure to work with previously theoretical isotopes that just might save tens of thousands of American lives?

      The company in charge of emptying wastebaskets was under intense pressure ? Or are you suggesting that Oppenheimer took this safe to the garbage pit by himself ?

      And you judge them? You, with the heat on, comfortable, probably overly fed.

      What. A. Putz. You. Are.

      Those are mighty words from an Anonymous Coward.

      --

      Forget magic. Any technology distinguishable from divine power is insufficiently advanced.

    140. Re:Mystery Pits by RichardJenkins · · Score: 1

      No it didn't, they jad to do lots and lots of nuclear tests. Tests which would be detected today.

    141. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Um, no, not really. In WWII terms, all of the deaths and injuries the US and coalition forces have suffered in Iraq and Afghanistan combined amount to Monday morning on Iwo Jima.

      There is no way anyone can second-guess the decision to use the atomic bombs against Japan based on any knowledge of, or experience with, modern warfare. No fucking way . Read some WWII history.

    142. Re:Mystery Pits by bucky0 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Funny, I didn't know that people who are about to be vanquished get to choose the terms of their surrender.

      Let's suppose for a second you're right. The japanese did actually want to surrender before we nuked them the first time.

      After we told them the conditions for their surrender between hiroshima and nagasaki, why didn't they surrender then? AFTER nagasaki, why did it take them 5 days so surrender?

      We gave them the terms, they said no. We kept fighting. It's our fault?

      --

      -Bucky
    143. Re:Mystery Pits by njarboe · · Score: 1, Insightful

      A team of engineers is a bit of an understatement. About 500,000 people were working on the Manhattan project for about 4 years. A majority of the best physicists and engineers in the world (America had much immigration of scientists pre-Perl Harbor)were working on all aspects of the problem. A rough guess in today's terms might be and average wage of $200k per worker per year. That would give the labor cost alone of producing these bombs at $400 billion. With a population of 1/3 that of today call it $1.2 trillion. Add capital and material costs, it it probably closer to $2 or $3 trillion for comparison to today's dollars in comparison of the total economy.

    144. Re:Mystery Pits by Silverlock · · Score: 2, Informative

      According to one of my professors, the Treaty of Versailles demanded more in reparations than the German GDP and they would have been paying until 1963. The treaty also took away Germany's main industrial region so they had even less income. That's why they decided to just print money to pay it off and that led to ridiculous inflation. Then came Hitler with his message of restoring national pride.

      I believe that the economist Keynes said, at the time it was signed, that the Treaty would only put off the war for 20 years. 20 years later....

    145. Re:Mystery Pits by Patrik_AKA_RedX · · Score: 1

      A dirty bomb isn't intended to kill a lot of people. It's supposed to scare and cause panic. Pretty much as using a needle to rob someone. You can't kill someone with it, but the fear of getting infected with e.g. AIDS is enough to scare a person in complying with your demands.

    146. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      actually.....no? America is not the only country with nuclear physicists. Russia had a much more robust research team than we did.... and guess what? now that the USSR is defunct.... that leaves them without job. and as far as feasibility of manufacturing, take a look at this article http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/News/TerroristBombs.html

    147. Re:Mystery Pits by Z00L00K · · Score: 1

      What we should worry about are the terrorists digging at dumps trying to collect samples of hazardous material buried long ago.

      --
      If builders built buildings the way programmers wrote programs, then the first woodpecker would destroy civilization.
    148. Re:Mystery Pits by MadKeithV · · Score: 1

      In a 30 megaton lump sum?

    149. Re:Mystery Pits by azenpunk · · Score: 1

      an invasion of mainland japan would have killed a lot more people than the bombs ever could have.

    150. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ummm .. they did a lot of tests, but only one test of the implosion device had nuclear material. And it worked.

    151. Re:Mystery Pits by Hal_Porter · · Score: 1

      That depends where you detonated it. In the UK, I think a dirty bomb attack would definitely be a good time for a nice cup of tea, and for smokers a cigarette. The BBC would show people looking a bit stressed out in interviews. Experts would explain that the danger was very low outside some small evacuated area, and that the terrorists had got the bomb design wrong in some way that made it rather low risk inside that area. After a few days everyone would go back to work. The stock market, parliament and so on have contingency plans to keep them running in this sort of situation.

      I reckon a few people would die from large radiation doses, and a few more would be ill but recover. In a couple of years, it would be one of those memorable events certainly but not the end of the world.

      In fact electrocution from kettles whilst making the tea and lung cancer from the cigarettes would be more of an issue (and take up more time on the news) than the deaths from the dirty bomb.

      Of course if you were a terrorist you could target a more skittish nation. Still I think it wouldn't have much effect.

      --
      echo -e 'global _start\n _start:\n mov eax, 2\n int 80h\n jmp _start' > a.asm; nasm a.asm -f elf; ld a.o -o a;
    152. Re:Mystery Pits by umghhh · · Score: 2, Informative

      I would not try to build a real nuclear bomb if I tried to do something terrible - a dirty one, placed in appropriate place would do to. I think we are extremely lucky that this has not happened yet.

    153. Re:Mystery Pits by dlt074 · · Score: 1

      you are judging the actions of people who did something at a time of war, seven months BEFORE Trinity by the standards and knowledge of today. if this were about current procedures, you might have a point.

    154. Re:Mystery Pits by jamstar7 · · Score: 1

      Dirty Bombs are pretty trivial to make.

      And they're useless as a real weapon. The radioactive debris is way too easy to clean up, and not lethal enough to be truly effective. Calculations I've seen suggest they'd give you a severe case of radiation poisoning only if they cemented you into place for 50 years.

      --
      Understanding the scope of the problem is the first step on the path to true panic.
    155. Re:Mystery Pits by TheTurtlesMoves · · Score: 1

      That was in 1944-45. The tolerance and timings are not hard by todays standards at all. And you got the design all wrong:wiki You use lenses to make a imploding shock wave. The C4 does not need containing.

      Also the main reason gun weapons are not used is that they sux. They have quite low yield for the amount of material you need.

      Dam I did the calculations as part of my graduate physics course. The needed accuracy is something that is reasonably routine these days. The are some harder bits, like exact yields etc and some data. But if you have bomb grade U or Pu then that can be done reasonably easily too. However there are always unknowns without testing. And generally testing will be detected.

      The facts are that if some one with the cash (aka government) wants a nuke these days, you won't stop them any more than DRM will stop piracy. And as technology gets better it will only get easier.

      --
      The Grey Goo disaster happened 3 billion years ago. This rock is covered in self replicating machines!
    156. Re:Mystery Pits by jamstar7 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Sorry, but no. The implosion part of the weapon is incredibly difficult. Far more difficult than your average terrorist organization could pull off. One of the reasons why the US restricts supercomputers and monitors for large detonations is that development tends to require both a computer simulation (to get the design right) and experimentation to ensure the quality of construction. If you have enough materials, you can forgo the former part and just experiment.

      They didn't have supercomputers at Los Alamos when designing the first plutonium implosion bomb. They did all the calculations by hand, the 'computer' was various teams of women each doing one step of the calculation before passing it on to the next person.

      I've got more computing power sitting beside my desk right now than they had on the entire bloody planet in 1969. A plutonium implosion device is possible, if you have the will and the materials to do it. It won't be easy, but it won't be impossible, either.

      --
      Understanding the scope of the problem is the first step on the path to true panic.
    157. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And yet the Soviets managed to copy the tech within 3 years. Nuclear technology is nothing new. Other than access to weapons-grade plutonium, and physically building a plant that is secret enough not to get destroyed by one of the "nuclear club" of nations, I can't imagine anything stopping a terrorist organization, or others.

      I don't think it is technology, but other factors that prevent nuclear proliferation.

    158. Re:Mystery Pits by LeafOnTheWind · · Score: 1

      To be fair, they kind of did. They were called "people with slide rules."

    159. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Peace is the result of completely removing your enemy's capacity or desire to wage war. Sad, but true.

      I hope this tuesday proves you right! ;-)

    160. Re:Mystery Pits by jamstar7 · · Score: 1

      That's an insane amount of resources to pour into a project. And even with some of the world's best nuclear scientists on the job, they went from scratch to a successful test in a little less than a decade. Can your average terrorist organization throw those kinds of resources at a project AND still ensure a successful first test?

      The Manhattan Project scientists weren't sure what would happen when they set off the first test shot. Some of the math suggested it would ignite the atmosphere and kill everybody, some of it suggested that it would make a pile of uranium dust. They were pioneers, they had no 'prior art' to refer to.

      Today's average terrorist doesn't need PhD-level physics to build a bomb. They know it can be done. It's in high school physics text books, for chrissakes. Knowing something is possible is half the battle.

      --
      Understanding the scope of the problem is the first step on the path to true panic.
    161. Re:Mystery Pits by LeafOnTheWind · · Score: 1

      You're joking right. Let's have a little perspective here.

      The World Health Organization said its study, based on interviews with families, indicated with a 95 percent degree of statistical certainty that between 104,000 and 223,000 civilians had died. It based its estimate of 151,000 deaths on that range.

      vs.

      The sources cited on this page document an estimated death toll in World War II of roughly 72 million, making it the deadliest so far.

    162. Re:Mystery Pits by Hal_Porter · · Score: 2, Funny

      Words like Plutonium tend to attract hawks and repell hippies. If you'd said "Weapons grade Phish" or "Weapons grade Marijuana" you'd get the opposite.

      --
      echo -e 'global _start\n _start:\n mov eax, 2\n int 80h\n jmp _start' > a.asm; nasm a.asm -f elf; ld a.o -o a;
    163. Re:Mystery Pits by KarrdeSW · · Score: 1

      WE DON"T OWE ANYONE A DAMNED THING!

      US Gross External Debt

      We owe plenty.

      Had to do it :)

    164. Re:Mystery Pits by rhyder128k · · Score: 1

      Yes, but there was no existent data from working devices, and their work was done with WWII era technology.

      --
      Michael Reed, freelance tech writer.
    165. Re:Mystery Pits by rhyder128k · · Score: 1

      So, a military engagement in which two people were killed would be equal to World War II?

      --
      Michael Reed, freelance tech writer.
    166. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Dirty bombs are a joke. They don't kill many people, only incite fear.

    167. Re:Mystery Pits by BlueStrat · · Score: 1

      Wow BlueStrat, we have had disagreements before, but this time you are spot-on! (US does not donate the most per capita, but we are not all that bad either).

      Very strange to see eye-to-eye with you. Posting A/C since this is off-topic. ..slashtivus..

      Ah, Slashtivus! Yes, I remember our discussions. :)

      I admire your intellectual honesty in saying that. Bravo, sir! Intellectual honesty is something that is in short supply when any topic involving the USA comes up. Likewise, I don't always (rarely? :P ) agree with your opinions, but I'd be honest enough to admit when I did, and back you up.

      As to the USA not donating as much per-capita, I look at it as a testament to the USAs' economic strength brought about by our freedoms. The fact that we don't *have to* burden our citizens by contributing as much per-capita to out-contribute every other nation on the planet should be more reason for other nations to take some tips on allowing their peoples more freedom, rather than to harp on the USA for not needing to burden their people as much, yet still do more good.

      To paraphrase a modern urban saying, "don't hate the player (the USA) hate the game (your particular nations' self-limitations regarding economic & civil freedom and economic growth)". Of course, USA-hating is a convenient distraction from having to think about (and maybe having to actually work to change) what their nations' leadership is doing (or not doing).

      Cheers!

      Strat

      --
      Progressivism (aka US 'Liberalism'): Ideas so good they need a police/surveillance-state to enforce.
    168. Re:Mystery Pits by jmo_jon · · Score: 1

      So you're claiming waste is treated in accordance with all out knowledge today? If so why is south Italy more or less a dump, why is so much waste "sold" to various countries in Africa (and to China)? Container ships cleaning tanks straight into the sea? Why do we still kill off huge masses of land for mining and storage of uranium?

      All those things (and many more) are just tales?

      And don't come saying "It's them third world countries..." it's companies and governments in Europe and USA doing it either actively or supporting it by paying for it.

    169. Re:Mystery Pits by KarrdeSW · · Score: 1

      As others have pointed out, Japan didn't offer "surrender". They were offering what was effectively nothing more than a cease-fire.

      This is a really bad argument based around semantics. If you actually look at the history of war, an unconditional surrender is not only rare, it is practically unheard of. "Unconditional Surrender" was Ulysses S. Grant's nickname during the Civil War, and even the majority of surrenders to his forces were conditional, often allowing opposing officers to even keep their sidearms. Yes, they were the enemy, and he let them keep their guns. The Japanese condition was to keep their monarch, and it was dismissed out of hand. Then when they finally did agree to the Potsdam declaration, they were told they could keep their monarch. Under your interpretation, we currently have nothing more than a cease-fire with Japan, as their eventual surrendered came under the same conditions that they initially offered.

      Roosevelt wasn't willing to accept anything less than unconditional surrender, because it would have inevitably been re-interpreted into something less than the original agreement.

      You're kidding, right? We had the waters outside their ports mined, their air force was grounded and outnumbered, they didn't even have enough gas to get their boats out of harbor into the mined ocean and your argument is that Roosevelt was afraid of being boondoggled by Japanese bureaucrats?

    170. Re:Mystery Pits by Kokuyo · · Score: 2, Insightful

      That's what happens when your emperor takes the bait and tries standing up for his own people living on American soil.

      I am willing to bet that most of us haven't been there when this all happened, so I'd say we should all just shut the fuck up about dishing out blame, no?

    171. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But the team of engineers was a list of "who's who in the history of science". Fermi, Alvarez, Feynman, Einstein, Oppenheimer. Not to mention to focus and resources (both financial and engineering brains) of the most powerful country on the planet at the time.

    172. Re:Mystery Pits by HungryHobo · · Score: 1

      So, you quote some private non-governmental organization with a vested interest in pressuring the richer countries to contribute more and that uses statistics (lies, damn lies, and statistics) to "prove" the US isn't "doing it's fair share". Here's a news flash Bunky...WE DON"T OWE ANYONE A DAMNED THING! We give and in the amount we choose because that is OUR prerogative, not yours or anyone elses.

      Try reading my post. I said "Now that's no reason to knock the US, any donation is a help when it comes to these things.". Apparently reading (and comprehension) is NOT fundamental for you.

      Strictly speaking the US owes china quite a lot of money :D
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_public_debt
      ok ok, that's no part of anything and just taking your words litteraly.

      This is the second time you've mentioned Fox News in this one post. Obsess, much?

      Oh, it's simply that you strike me as part of their target market.

      Amnesty International has become politicized and has become a tool of the more left-leaning ideologues in recent times, which is sad. Especially for those to whom they could be devoting those resources that are instead being used to wage political/ideological attacks.

      Amnesty could go and complain at china, sure, but nothing would be done. At least if they complain at america there's a chance that America will clean up it's act. You see there are some americans who unlike you realise that Amnesty might just have a legitimate reason for those lists of abuses. But no, you just love being the victim. Everyones just being unfair to you!

      *I* have, but in your case it's apparent that there are none so blind as those that refuse to see.

      Hi Pot! let me introduce myself, I'm kettle.

      Right. Because everyone knows that the US never gets unfairly-bashed, especially on /.

      By it's mostly american userbase....

      Darfur Darfur Darfur

      Seriously, is that all you've got?
      How's assive Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia, Iraq, Sudan, and Pakistan, Myanmar and Zimbabwe going for you guys since you're the only force for good in the world?

      It's ok, son...when you gain some age & maturity, you'll be able to separate your emotions from logic and actual history, and be able to think these things through more clearly.

      And when your balls drop you might be able to do the same.

    173. Re:Mystery Pits by Marcika · · Score: 1

      4) [Eisenhower] was also the person ultimately responsible for the fact that the civilian population was rationed food at 800 calories per day whilst the occupying forces were getting 4500.

      Do you have a reliable source for that? Not that I don't believe you, but my google search on this only turn up some far-right websites as sources....

    174. Re:Mystery Pits by BlueStrat · · Score: 1

      WE DON"T OWE ANYONE A DAMNED THING!

      US Gross External Debt

      We owe plenty.

      Had to do it :)

      Sadly, you're absolutely correct in that sense. :(

      To top it off, we just elected leadership that will ensure our plummeting even farther and faster into far, far greater national debt.

      I can only hope our citizens wake up in time to save the US from economic collapse.

      Cheers!

      Strat

      --
      Progressivism (aka US 'Liberalism'): Ideas so good they need a police/surveillance-state to enforce.
    175. Re:Mystery Pits by qc_dk · · Score: 1

      Nah, don't worry.

      We're not really people out here in the rest of the world. We're just some sort of upright talking monkey.

    176. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Gun type on the other hand, are easy. Just slam two hemispheres of Uranium together hard enough and BOOM. With that kind of ease of use, why would any non-superpower bother with implosion devices? (For the record, gun-types were retired by the military due to safety concerns. If anything accidentally sets off the explosive trigger... BOOM! Whereas implosion devices can be designed to fizzle if accidentally detonated before arming.)

      Hiroshima bomb was Uranium, gun-type. Nagasaki bomb was Plutonium, implosion device. It was 1940's technology (they didn't have computers that could match even i386 at the time)! So it is doable after all, even with low tech, using math, geometry, high precision metalwork and probably some simulation of implosion with substitute materials. The critical thing for implosion device has always been the accurate timing. Fast, precise timing electric detonators are the second most anti-proliferation controlled material, first being the fissile material itself, for it could be also used for "dirty bomb" polluting device.

      I suppose the homogeneity, precision of shaping of explosive sphere and precision of placing the detonators are also critical.

      Implosion is more interesting then gun type not just because of deployment safety, but because you can't have thermonuclear or dial-a-yield bomb without it.

      Why is it important to master the implosion and develop thermonuclear capability? I suppose that without credible vengeance ability, just having rudimentary (tactical level) nuclear weapons is not good enough for a rogue nation wishing to carry on with their wicked ways. It won't keep them safe, for their likely foe is already prepared to deal with such things "in the theater". OTOH just having fission bombs surely is a big "last chance: hit me NOW" sign over their heads. For the example, look up how it all worked out for North Korea. They had to give it all up in the end.

    177. Re:Mystery Pits by dunkelfalke · · Score: 1

      time-precise explosion triggering was difficult half a century ago, but today it can be achieved with some simple microcontrollers synchronized via high speed can bus.

      --
      "It's such a fine line between stupid and clever" -- David St. Hubbins, Spinal Tap
    178. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      the people in charge at the time believed that a conventional invasion of the main japanese islands with the following fights would have killed many more japanese (not just americans), then the two A-bombs.

      The japanese would not have surrendered as easily against conventional warfare, not until their last soldier had lost his life in a suicide attack.

      (yesterday i saw a documentary on discovery partially about WW2 in Burma, the japanese even deployed men in foxholes with a aircraft bomb and a hammer as anti-tank mines, later followed by men with explosive-belts running up to tanks in a modern suicide-bomber style)

    179. Re:Mystery Pits by Brad_McBad · · Score: 1

      Heh. I remember when the 7/7 bombing happened and the non-BBC news channels were running around trying to get vox-pop interviews of people crying and shaking in terror - and the only ones they could find behaving in that way were American tourists.

      Thirty years of a terrorist bombing campaign will tend to toughen a people the fuck up. Go and ask the people who live in Gaza whether or not they're worried about a theoretical weapon that might kill a dozen people and make a square mile uninhabitable for two years.

    180. Re:Mystery Pits by Brad_McBad · · Score: 1

      So don't put yourself there. I don't notice conscription being enforced in the US in the last thirty years.

    181. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're assuming it would take more than 1 dirty bomb attack and the ensuing craziness to make this country turn in and eat itself. Which, quite frankly, is more credit than I'd give.

      You Americans never give your fellow countrymen enough credit. Well, frankly, sometimes you give yourself too much credit and then we all mock you for alleged presumptuousness and nationalism, but I digress.

      Remember the 9/11? Great damage, lots of casualties, massive fear. Did everything collapse as result? No chance! In times of crisis the truth about people surfaces and it is usually the same anywhere in the world. People do what people did from the beginning of mankind - help each other out and organize to survive.

      I'd say you still fear the fear itself.

    182. Re:Mystery Pits by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

      It rained, so they couldn't get the fuse to light.

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    183. Re:Mystery Pits by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

      The only thing left was a bloody ground assault ... or The Bomb.

      Or starve them into submission via a blockade - which would probably have caused even more civilian deaths.

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    184. Re:Mystery Pits by Hal_Porter · · Score: 1

      I actually think in the medium term terrorism will be one of those things like road accidents or being killed by lightning that people just accept as being a fact of life.

      My assumption is that MI6 can catch most of the terrorists, and the few they don't catch will be as incompetent as the post 9/11 terrorists in the UK, i.e. very.

      Of course in the long run this makes it hard for the terrorists to recruit people. It's one thing if your death is likely to make your enemies run panicking around like headless chickens, that presumably makes it worthwhile. If they ignore you, or worse laugh at you like they did with the Glasgow Airport attackers, my guess is that makes it seem less appealing.

      It seems like they need to have a few terror attacks that actually terrorise people per year to keep the momentum going. Right now, they aren't managing that in the UK.

      --
      echo -e 'global _start\n _start:\n mov eax, 2\n int 80h\n jmp _start' > a.asm; nasm a.asm -f elf; ld a.o -o a;
    185. Re:Mystery Pits by JamesP · · Score: 1

      Except plutonium bombs works by critical mass. That is, if you have more than a certain amount, BOOM!

      The easiest way is to take two pieces of plutonium roughly larger than CM/2 and join them

      --
      how long until /. fixes commenting on Chrome?
    186. Re:Mystery Pits by jedrek · · Score: 1

      Russia left a trail of rape not only through Germany but the Ukraine, Belarus and Poland as well.

    187. Re:Mystery Pits by Fizzl · · Score: 1

      Because that is the annoying "That's not funny, my brother died that way" argument.

    188. Re:Mystery Pits by Brad_McBad · · Score: 1

      It was like that with the IRA bombings.

      A: "Tube's closed. Bomb scare"
      B: "Damnitt, guess I'll have to get off at Temple".

      It's only since we "imported" 'The War Against Trrhr' (T.W.A.T.) from the US that the squawking, screaming attitude has become almost acceptable.

    189. Re:Mystery Pits by robogobo · · Score: 0

      memo: That shit flew off with Bush in his helicopter.

    190. Re:Mystery Pits by William+Robinson · · Score: 1

      That's an insane amount of resources to pour into a project.

      True. For making enriched Uranium or weapon grade Plutonium (building reactors, centrifuges, reprocessing units, waste management etc...) Yes.

      But once you have Plutonium READY in your hands, you just need just a handful of people to make a working implosion device. It is not as difficult as you are feeling.

    191. Re:Mystery Pits by icebrain · · Score: 1

      "That's what happens when your emperor takes the bait and tries standing up for his own people living on American soil."

      WTFBBQ? Go read a reputable history book, dude. Japan's involvement in WWII had absolutely zero to do with the internment camps (which didn't even start until after Pearl Harbor), and everything to do with grabbing resources for an empire. Hirohito was bullied by his own military staff, and Japan was fighting on the mainland and on several islands long before it got the US involved. It was fighting a war of aggression, and hit Pearl in a preemptive strike to try and get the US out of the way (at least for a while).

      --
      The meek may inherit the earth, but the strong shall take the stars.
    192. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      On your point 5 - the survival rate for captured PoWs was largely related to the desperate state of Soviet agriculture/industry during WW2. Soviet civilian workers were on starvation rations. Civilians who didn't work ... didn't eat.

    193. Re:Mystery Pits by morbuz · · Score: 1

      Under intense time pressure to work with previously theoretical isotopes that just might save tens of thousands of American lives?

      At the cost of hundreds of thousands of civilian Japanese lives.

      One thing I have thought about quite a few times: Why didn't the Americans just drop the atom bomb right *outside* a major city, thereby reducing the loss of lives to a minimum while still sending the same message of "give up, we can bomb you to back to dust"?

      --
      CAPS LOCK IS LIKE CRUISE CONTROL FOR COOL!
    194. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What a self-righteous thing to say as you pretend to hold the morale high ground in an attempt to end discussion before your ignorance gets the best of you. This is the argumentative equivalent to going straight to double-dog dare.

    195. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You don't use Plutonium in a reactor. Plutonium is a by-product.

    196. Re:Mystery Pits by tg123 · · Score: 1

      Wrong. The most difficult part of building a fission bomb is acquiring the fissile materiel. The rest, relatively speaking, is pretty straightforward.

      cough cough cough...

      to make a uranium 235 bomb explode (go super critical) is relatively easy. You shoot uranium 235 at a target of uranium 235 it goes boom.

      to make plutonium 239 bomb explode ( go super critical) is technically very difficult as you have to make all of parts of a sphere of plutonium 239 implode at the exactly the same time. once you do that it goes boom.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon http://www.ricin.com/nuke/bg/bomb.html

    197. Re:Mystery Pits by Talderas · · Score: 2, Funny

      Some of the math suggested it would ignite the atmosphere and kill everybody

      Well at least we wouldn't be dealing with environmentalists now if that were true.

      --
      "Lack of speed can be overcome. In the worst case by patience." --Znork
    198. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well the little snappers WERE training to repel and fight the American soldiers man-to man with bamboo sticks.

      So, they were not civilians anymore, just irregular combatants.

      They had plenty of land in Indochina to flee to where they had slaughtered, tortured and raped the populace into submission. They could have just moved in!

    199. Re:Mystery Pits by smoker2 · · Score: 1

      So the US occupation of Japan and subsequent enforcement of a US favourable government had nothing to do with that ?
      Not to mention that you no longer have to be at war to be considered an "enemy" of the US. Who put the US in charge of spreading democracy ? Doing that is no better than spreading communism, IMHO.

    200. Re:Mystery Pits by PReDiToR · · Score: 1

      They don't want the right kind of nuclear power stations.

      They will only accept the kind that can produce weapons grade material.

      On the other hand, now that the US has a new president they might actually finish off building a very safe reactor.

      --

      Do not meddle in the affairs of geeks for they are subtle and quick to anger
    201. Re:Mystery Pits by smoker2 · · Score: 1

      Egypt has the border blocked because they don't want a war with Israel. You don't need to import the Berlin wall, the Israelis have been building one for years. This is part of the root problem - Gaza is separated from the West bank by Israel, and Israel is blocking access between the Palestinian territories.

      And referring to the previous posts about Germany post WW2, the reason Germany has been peaceful since WW2 is due to a) being split into 2 halves for nearly 50 years, and b) being occupied both at the end of the war and for decades afterwards. There was no meaningful occupation after WW1 (excepting the valuable coal fields of course). AFAIK, the US still has bases in Germany now, and Japan, and Iraq and ... well see for yourself.

      If the Russians were as widespread militarily as the US is, the US would be firing rockets.

    202. Re:Mystery Pits by QuantumPion · · Score: 1

      They also had the greatest collection of scientific geniuses the world has ever seen working on one program with unlimited funding for 4 years.

    203. Re:Mystery Pits by Oktober+Sunset · · Score: 1

      The US actually did a project to see how hard it was. They got 4 reasonably brainy physics graduates, who had no access to any secret info on nuclear bombs, only what the ordinary person would do. Working from the assumption they already have weapons grade material, the 4 of them made a bomb in about a year. The real nuclear experts took it off and tested it and concluded that it did indeed work. The type of bomb they made was the implosion type.

    204. Re:Mystery Pits by Ash+Vince · · Score: 2, Informative

      Sending some plutonium to Iran is something that numerous loyal Americans could live with. They want nuclear energy. We can give it to them.

      But we need to be very careful not to miss, Russia is right next door.

      This is the big problem with nuking anywhere. The fallout drifts and will affect friendly countries right next door. One of the reasons we were scared about nuclear weapons based in Cuba is that if we nuked them to stop a launch we would also be nuking ourselves. This is the big problem with weapons that have a blast radius large enough to level a city and cause poisons to rain down over hundreds of miles.

      In fact, any attempt to launch nuclear weapons at Iran would probably set off the Russian early warning systems and they would just retaliate before our missiles hit their targets. The really worrying thing is that this would also probably true if Israel launched a nuclear strike on Iran. Since we throw billions of dollars in military aid to Israel a large number of people view us as culpable for their military actions.

      http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/U.S._Assistance_to_Israel1.html

      --
      I dont read /. to RTFA, I read /. to offend people in ignorance.
    205. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think we should leave that decision up to Israel and stop interfering in the Middle East. :)

    206. Re:Mystery Pits by Xest · · Score: 1

      As well as casualties, some wars are simply more brutal too. Even dividing World War II up, I'd certainly have rather fought on the Western front than I would the Russian front or the pacific, certainly the Japanese fighting style was far more viscious and brutal.

      No one can suggest for example, the first gulf war was on the same level of brutality as Vietnam. Similarly the kind of ethnic cleansing and human rights abuses that occured in Yugoslavia was far more horrific than anything like the Falklands war.

      One thing that does stand out though, ironically, the more civilians are involved as part of the fighting force (although I suppose they're not then by definition, civilians), the more brutal it becomes. Military vs. military often seems to result in much less brutal wars than military vs. what I suppose would be called rebels or insurgents.

    207. Re:Mystery Pits by nusuth · · Score: 1
      As an engineer, I tend to agree. Many devices have deceptively simple explanations of how they function, however impossibly complicated to build. An explosive lens with an almost perfectly spherical explosion front seems to be one of those. It doesn't seem that hard to design, but it seems very very hard to actually build. The materials are hard to work with, the precision is absurd, timing is critical etc. It sound like a real engineering nightmare, impossible without resources of a country.

      However, when I put on my management hat, things look a lot different. No nuclear nation failed to detonate its first implosion device. Among nuclear nations, there are a variety of different explosive lens designs but few nuclear tests resulted in a fizzle. I'm not aware of any fizzles publicly admitted to be due to faulty explosive lens design or manufacture. If getting it right was so hard, there should have been more failures. Perhaps there is a simple way, which is understandably kept secret.

      --

      Gentlemen, you can't fight in here, this is the War Room!

    208. Re:Mystery Pits by maxume · · Score: 0, Flamebait

      Phish is a blight upon the history of mankind that may never be lived down.

      Also, it was The Gourds that recorded the cover of Gin and Juice, not Phish. Just so everyone knows.

      --
      Nerd rage is the funniest rage.
    209. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hrm... why was that post above marked as "insightful"?

      The poster only proofed he has absolutely no clue whathe's talking about. The Manhattan Project was one of the two biggest research-projects in human history, probably even until today (the second is the Apollo-Program). What the Manhattan Project did was this:
      They started with a rather new effect in science (fission) where a few experiments and a few theoretical basics were known in the early 1930s. And they researched all technology and all needed knowlegde basically from scratch until a "practical application" (even if it was the simple one, uncontrolled fission). Usually, you need around a century to make a similar progress and it was done in basically a decade, you really cannot overestimate that.

      What get's underestimated here is how much knowlegde you need about nuclear phyiscs to get enough neutrons for your chain reaction. Radiating materials react very different of incoming neutrons with different energies. Based on neutron energies incoming into your material you get cross sections that have "resonances" that simply "eat" your neutrons away if they have the wrong energy (speed). So, you do not only have to "build your bomb", you also have to build it in a way that you get the right amount of neutrons with the right energy to start/sustain your chain reaction.
      You need to know all that before you can build a nuclear reactor or a bomb. And at the manhattan project they did, they researched all that within only ten years.

      As I said, the parent-poster wasn't insightful. He just showed he has nothing but school-knowledge about nuclear physics and thought that's enough to understand what the manhattan project REALLY was. It's purpose is the utter horror but it's simply unbelievable what those people there achieved in such a short time.

      Also: Did you ever ask yourself why the us did not the obvious thing: Invite a bunch of japanses officals (generals) to the trinity-test and show them "Hey, look! That's going to happen to you. Now, here are the sunglasses and we have spare underwear in case you need it later". The answer is rather simple: They did not know it would work. They estimated a failure (not sure at the moment) at around 50%.
      They also did not know the bombs in nagasaki and hiroshima would work. They had quite high expectations that it would fail.

      ---
      Totally apart from that: You can argue about the first bombing but the real crime was the second one:
      The generals had the order to employ the bombs whenever they saw it fitting. They had the first one, dropped it, which flattened Hiroshima. So far so good. But they also got the second bomb and the generals in the pacific WANTED to drop (test) that thing as well, therefore, they sent the second plane as soon as they could (there was also bad weather approaching and they also feared the president would remove their "blank permission to do as they saw fit" as soon as japan was able to contact him). The japanese had no chance at all to surrender between hiroshima and nagasaki since they simply did not know what had happened in hiroshima.
      All they knew (in the capital) was that the contact to their military in the city had broken and that the contact to the city itself was broken (which is no surprise since all telegraph lines were gone - including the buildings at the end of that line). So, to be able to surrender, they sent people to look. They saw the city was gone and started to drive back. Before japan even had a chance to react to the first nuked city, the second also went boom.

    210. Re:Mystery Pits by marcosdumay · · Score: 1

      Except that Iran does not need to have capacity for building a nuclear bomb in order to create fuel for nuclear reactors. There is a long way between both, and the UN and NATO have a perfect score of avoiding countries that have the later developing the former.

      Now, of course, that is too much common sense to expect from the US external politics. You are better pushing Iran into a corner, so they need to give up on democracy and cheer leaders that promise to destroy you.

    211. Re:Mystery Pits by LizardKing · · Score: 2, Informative

      I believe that the economist Keynes said, at the time it was signed, that the Treaty would only put off the war for 20 years. 20 years later....

      Keynes wasn't the only person perceptive enough to see this. Britain's Prime Minister Lloyd George appreciated this, but had just won an election by promising to "squeeze Germany until the pips squeak". A famous political cartoon summed up the whole thing (the "Tiger" was Clemenceau, the aged and bitter French politician seeking revenge for Prussia's defeat of France in 1871).

    212. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      GAH. This makes the same energy fallacy I've seen numerous other places... Nuclear power doesn't, and won't, replace petroleum.

      Nuclear Power replaces coal; baseline electricity generation for the grid. Petroleum will still be used for applications where volumetric density is important, E.G. transportation, where it's already being used.

    213. Re:Mystery Pits by LizardKing · · Score: 1

      During WWII, Russia, the USA, Britain, France, and a few other countries were allied

      And in WWI Japan was allied with Imperial Russia, Britain, France and the USA. As was Italy. In other words, expediency rules - and it's worth noting that some US politicians saw Britain's isolation in 1940-41 as an opportunity to invade Canada and complete the attempt of 1812.

      As for the USSR (of which a country called Russia was a part), it were Britain and France's enemy until Germany and her allies invaded in 1941. During the winter of 1939-40, the Western allies came close to declaring war on the USSR for invading Finland. Although expediency rules again, as the direct support that would be offered to Finland was a cover to invade Sweden, thereby cutting of iron ore supplies to Germany.

    214. Re:Mystery Pits by cbiltcliffe · · Score: 1

      Uuuhhh...Berlin was dismantled in this way almost 2 decades ago.

      --
      "City hall" in German is "Rathaus" Kinda explains a few things......
    215. Re:Mystery Pits by EvilBudMan · · Score: 1

      --The type of plans necessary to create a functioning implosion device are state-held secrets and have only been seen by a select few with Top Secret clearance.--

      Unfortunately math is not secret and if we have worked it out in 1945 another country like Iran should have the ability to do so too, but they probably would have to test one.

      The terrorist might make a so called dirty bomb out of one that might leave a lot people dead as well.

    216. Re:Mystery Pits by roystgnr · · Score: 1

      Many individuals who study warfare have hypothesized that Pearl Harbor would not have happened if the oil embargo against Japan had never been issued prior.

      Awww... and I'm sure China, Manchuria, Korea, the Phillipines, Indonesia, Australia, etc. would have just been dying to tell us how grateful they were that we had continued selling Japan most of the fuel it's military needed, ensuring peace in our time.

    217. Re:Mystery Pits by ildon · · Score: 1

      I'm pretty sure adding in civilian casualties would not make WW2 any less dominant as the "worst" state of war. Millions of Chinese, Japanese, German Jews, German non-Jews, Russians, and god knows how many other civilians killed. There is no number you can pull out of your ass with any level of credibility that would compare any war since 1945 to WW2.

    218. Re:Mystery Pits by LizardKing · · Score: 1

      the US didnt start it

      That's not how the Japanese saw it - and with some justification. They saw aggressive expansion by the US and European colonial powers, which they had directly experienced when US and British warships had opened Japan to foreign trade in 1860s - the so called "Bakumatsu" or "Opening of Japan". They also saw double standards in the Western treatment of China. The folly of the Japanese campaign in the Pacific echoes that of the Nazis in the USSR. In both regions, many people were keen to see the defeat of their current rulers (the Soviets and the colonialists respectively), and propaganda did exploit this to some degree. However, ideology dictated that this common antipathy wasn't fully exploited.

    219. Re:Mystery Pits by ildon · · Score: 1

      Self replying with Wikipedia link: WW2 Casualties

    220. Re:Mystery Pits by LizardKing · · Score: 1

      Possibly for the same reason that two bombs were dropped rather than one - to ram home to Stalin that the US had more than one of these bombs, and how terrifying they were. The US suspected that the Soviets were pretty well informed about the state of the Manhattan Project, possibly to the degree that they knew how little fissile material the Americans actually had. By only dropping one bomb, it was feared that Stalin would assume that the US had used up all the available fissile material, leaving an interval in which more of Europe could be brought under Soviet control.

    221. Re:Mystery Pits by Lord+Ender · · Score: 1

      Dirty bombs mainly just create panic and expensive clean-up.

      You get more terror for your dollar by writing "infected with AIDS" on a bunch of thumb tacks and scattering them throughout a city.

      --
      A slashdotter who didn't build his own computer is like a Jedi who didn't build his own lightsaber.
    222. Re:Mystery Pits by Eravnrekaree · · Score: 0

      Uranium is quite radioactive and has a half life of 4.5 billion years. Many types of plutonium also have long half life. Such would be a danger not only those in the area of the release, who may end up tracking the material in their movements over a larger area, but also those who enter the area sometime after. By the time it is discovered the material may have spread over a very large area and be impossible to remove. Due to the long half life this is not a concern just for the short term but the long term. Radioactive materials, cause, cancer, birth defects and numerous other diseases, just by being close to them. Just being near these materials exposes you to copius amounts of radiation. Dispersal devices could aresolise the material cuasing it to drive for miles, rendering that area permenenantly uninhabitable. In a dense city with lots of important financial institutions are that would be devastating consequence which could paralyze the economy. Indeed dirty bombs are a highly dangerous technology that could poison millions.

    223. Re:Mystery Pits by Lord+Ender · · Score: 1

      Your logic is pathetic. My grandpa's heart condition is, therefore, just as bad as war, because, well, because "say it isn't to his widow".

      Deaths measured by the thousands are a mere rounding error compared to deaths measured by the millions. Saying otherwise is blatant sophistry.

      --
      A slashdotter who didn't build his own computer is like a Jedi who didn't build his own lightsaber.
    224. Re:Mystery Pits by Hal_Porter · · Score: 2, Informative

      You're completely naive. If Iran wanted nuclear power they could buy fuel from Russia. That would be cheap and it would work. In fact that's what they're doing in Bushehr.

      If they want their own weapons they'd have to spend a fortune building centrifuges, which is what they're doing at Natanz.

      If they didn't want nuclear weapons they wouldn't need the Natanz plant. And it would save them a pile of money.

      The problem with the NPT is that it doesn't stop countries building their own enrichment plants for a civillian program and then quitting the NPT and nuclearizing. North Korea has managed it, and it looks like Iran will do the same thing.

      --
      echo -e 'global _start\n _start:\n mov eax, 2\n int 80h\n jmp _start' > a.asm; nasm a.asm -f elf; ld a.o -o a;
    225. Re:Mystery Pits by e2d2 · · Score: 1

      If anyone needs nuclear power it is them. They have a huge pollution problem in cities such as Tehran, partially due to how cheap oil is. Alternatives such as nuclear energy would be very cost effective.

    226. Re:Mystery Pits by stuntpope · · Score: 1

      Bizarre. Just... bizarre.

      Please read a book (same goes to moderators who found it insightful).

    227. Re:Mystery Pits by AndersOSU · · Score: 1

      Can you clear that up for me? Correct me if I'm wrong, but didn't both India and Pakistan go from nuclear power to nuclear weapons after the establishment of NATO and the NPT?

    228. Re:Mystery Pits by fishbowl · · Score: 1

      >Read some WWII history.

      I was born after WWII, but probably not as long afterwards as the average slashdotter. But I'm starting to wonder if the average slashdotter's parents, or even their grandparents are old enough to remember WWII.

      That war did more than bring about mere body counts and rewrite maps. It changed society in fundamental ways.
      Yes, current wars are atrocious but that does not mean they are on the same scale by anything you measure, as WWII.

      --
      -fb Everything not expressly forbidden is now mandatory.
    229. Re:Mystery Pits by AndersOSU · · Score: 1

      Wasn't N. Korea's test a few years back was a dud - or a partial dud?

    230. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It all comes down to the value placed upon the lives of people.

      Most people will put a higher value on the lives of those around them than people across the globe.

      Given the choice would you rather have say a thousand deaths where you're at that include people that you know and love or would you rather have two thousand somewhere else that do not include your loved ones?

      You don't always get a choice on having '0' so a choice has to be made to minimize damage. The prioritizing of who gets the minimal damage is part of the point.

      Yes, all human life has value, but when given no other options we'll all be hypocrites about this and save the people we love if we can, even if it costs more elsewhere.
      I don't want people to die but I'm not going to sacrifice my mother, father, brother, and other loved ones if I have the choice.

    231. Re:Mystery Pits by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      But once you have Plutonium READY in your hands, you just need just a handful of people to make a working implosion device. It is not as difficult as you are feeling.

      And what do you base this opinion on... what exactly? The casing for implosion devices has to be perfect. That's why easily half the locations for the Manhattan Project were devoted to manufacturing and metal works. In fact, implosion devices had originally been discounted altogether due to the difficulty in constructing one. It was only after the researchers realized that a gun-type plutonium device would not work that Oppenheimer redirected efforts toward an implosion device.

    232. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I know this sounds bad... but only 72M total for a WORLD war? America has 100M alone... so saying a WORLD war will wipe at most 75% of an entire country just doesn't sound too big.

      Then you say put it in perspective, they had less people back then: the chart shows at most 16% for a country... so they still retained 84% of their population in a WORLD war, and they got slaughtered the most. I know war is a very bad thing, but strangely given those figures, I can understand why leaders aren't afraid of going to war.

    233. Re:Mystery Pits by robthebloke · · Score: 1

      The type of plans necessary to create a functioning implosion device are state-held secrets and have only been seen by a select few with Top Secret clearance.

      That makes me feel safer then. The MOD are very good at data protection.

      Those are tall orders for any engineer!

      Or a totally awesome challenge....

    234. Re:Mystery Pits by Idarubicin · · Score: 2, Interesting

      You do know that working Plutonium implosion devices are super-hard to create, right?

      Well, not really. If you want to create a 'suitcase nuke' or other highly-compact, highly-efficient design, then sure -- you need lots of testing and a pile of supercomputers.

      On the other hand, if you're willing to be a bit sloppy and settle for less than the maximum possible yield - not a fizzle, mind you, just less than 100% efficiency - then you can do quite well without Cray supercomputers.

      Since the grandparent post mentioned a grapefruit-sized chunk of plutonium, let's see how the numbers work. Figure a good-sized grapefruit has a total volume of about 600 mL (for US readers, that's a shade over a pint, or a grapefruit about 4 inches in diameter). The density of pure plutonium is almost exactly 20 grams per cubic centimeter (mL). A grapefruit-sized lump, then, is about 12 kilograms (26 pounds).

      For comparison, the Fat Man bomb dropped on Nagasaki contained 6.2 kg (less than 14 lbs) of plutonium. (Indeed, a grapefruit-sized lump of weapons-grade plutonium would be dangerously supercritical.)

      Are the calculations complex? Yep. You'd want to have at least one or two modern-day physics and EngSci grad students working on your project.

      Do you need supercomputers? In 1945, you needed the best they had to offer. In 2009, your cellular phone has more computing power than the entire Manhattan Project. Dell will set you up with a suitable laptop for less than $1000. You only need to call Cray if you're trying to construct a suitcase nuke or ballistic missile warhead - projects where the size and weight of the device are critical - or if you need to use the absolute minimum possible amount of plutonium.

      Is the manufacturing difficult and exacting? Sure. You'll want a skilled machinist or two, a good CNC mill, and the ability to work under inert gas. All of that, you can buy off the shelf today.

      I could find you the people with the necessary skills in a week, have the workshop up and running in a month, and build a replica of the Fat Man in a year. Capital costs for the project would be less than a million dollars. The big challenge is locating people who want to participate and who won't blow the whistle -- the technical stuff, while difficult, is nowhere near insurmountable.

      --
      ~Idarubicin
    235. Re:Mystery Pits by robthebloke · · Score: 1

      However there are always unknowns without testing. And generally testing will be detected.

      Though i imagine conducting a 'test' in London or New York would probably be the ultimate goal?

    236. Re:Mystery Pits by idontgno · · Score: 2, Informative

      No nuclear nation failed to detonate its first implosion device.

      Well, maybe one.

      All externally-visible indicators (i.e., what you can see from seismography or other remote sensing, rather than watching the actual test instrumentation) were pretty unimpressive for any full-fledged nuclear detonation. Either it was faked (not that easy to do) or a fizzle.

      And a fizzle is exactly the kind of failure that you have if you mis-engineer the tamper, the containment, or even the explosive lens. I.E., why you can't just run down to the local home improvement superstore and whip up everything except the fissile.

      Getting the plutonium is hard; it requires a pretty large infrastructure investment in breeder reactors, centrifuges, etc., and also takes a long time. Getting the rest of the bomb is "just engineering", but it's very precise engineering with some very specific critical knowledge which is not generally available (and takes some serious experimentation to figure out for yourself).

      BTW, I like the quote in the Wikipedia "fizzle" article:

      This North Korean debut test was weaker than all other countries' initial tests by a factor of 20,[8] and considered possibly the worst initial test in history.[9]"

      [8]# ^ Todd Crowell."A deadly kind of fizzle." Asia Times Online. Retrieved on 2008-05-04.
      [9]# ^ Staff Writer. "Special report -The fizzle heard around the world." Nature.com. Retrieved on 2008-05-04.

      --
      Welcome to the Panopticon. Used to be a prison, now it's your home.
    237. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      [quote]The men working in coal mines to supply energy to head up the war effort we far more heroic then a bunch of scientists getting paid handsome salarys to do what they like to do anyways, ground breaking science.[/quote]

      Though working in the coal mines was dangerous and supported the war effect, the scientists knew that they were working on weapons and the break through of a single scientist could cost the world in general a lot of lives. A worker in a coal mine can't say that they individually might be responsible for the loss of such a large number of lives.

      I find the idea you propose of 'it's what they would do anyway' to be highly misleading as the majority of 'ground breaking science' does not include the potential deaths of thousands of people normally.

    238. Re:Mystery Pits by Low+Ranked+Craig · · Score: 1

      ah. something new learned. thanks.

      --
      I still cannot find the droids I am looking for...
    239. Re:Mystery Pits by Tisha_AH · · Score: 2, Informative

      There were a great many factors that were considered before the United States dropped two nuclear weapons on Japan. At that point in time, allied forces had cornered the Japanese military to the home islands with it's outposts in the Pacific cut off from resupply and slowly starving into submission.

      Our next move for Japan would have been the whole-scale destruction of every Japanese city with incendiaries (like what happened to Dresden Germany). In that bombing campaign, millions of Japanese would have died.

      America knew that the next step would be a two-pronged landing invasion of Japan. It was determined that the US losses would have been 1,000,000 soldiers, sailors and airmen. The losses to the Japanese would have been of several million as Japan was prepared to give wooden spears to children and old men and to send them off on banzai charges against tanks and machine guns.

      Just in the first few hours of the invasion the casualties of war would have around 1,000 allied and Japanese deaths per hour. This would have gone on for months.

      We do not know what the dire position of the Japanese military would have caused them to bring to the battleground. Japan already had extensive experience with biological and chemical weapons and had used them to great effect in China. The German V-1 "buzz bomb" design was in Japanese hands and they were prepared to make Kamikaze attacks against the nearly 3000 allied vessels that would have been off the shores of Japan.

      Certainly at the end of the war, the United States would have been much less inclined to help in the rebuilding of the Japanese government and industry. The successes of Japanese industry in the 60's, 70's and 80's may never have happened.

      It is indeed unfortunate that Japanese civilians died in the nuclear detonations. Those were indeed desperate times and unfortunately the people who usually suffer the most is the non-combatant.

      --
      Tisha Hayes
    240. Re:Mystery Pits by robthebloke · · Score: 1

      ... relatively, this war has pretty light casualties.

      Excluding the people who no longer have homes? Excluding the people who's businesses have been bombed? Excluding the effects on the Iraq economy? Excluding the effects on children who run the gauntlet on their way to school every morning (if it's still there)? Excluding the number of recently created orphans?

      Whilst RTA deaths do account for more people than war, those deaths still occur during a time of war. The measurable death toll in Iraq & Afghanistan is higher now, than it would have been without a war going on. There is also substantially more fear, a collapsed economy, and far more hardships for the civilians to endure as a result.

      Comparing deaths from a war to deaths from drink driving, is either extremely naive, or extremely callous.

      A death from a drink driver may kill a childs mother or father. Bombs tend to be a bit more localised and kill both parents. The effect of War on an individual has the potential to be far more damaging than the effects of everyday life.

    241. Re:Mystery Pits by Muad'Dave · · Score: 1

      Hanford's tanks are a real nightmare, too. There used to be a paper online that detailed where all of the isotopes came from and where they went. It also detailed all sorts of actions they've taken to try and stabilize the tanks against leakage, self-boiling, criticality, and other nasty things. Oddly, I can't seem to find it anymore. 8-) This paper, while not as detailed, still does a fair job of describing the vast amount of waste that exists in the tanks and how little they know about what is exactly in each tank.

      --
      Tiller's Rule: Never use a word in written form that you've only heard and never read. You will end up looking foolish.
    242. Re:Mystery Pits by robthebloke · · Score: 1

      It would be for one of the 2 killed, and their families.

    243. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As for the fallout it also depends on what type of burst you do with the nuclear weapon. A surface burst is the type that essentially produces the high amount of radioactive fallout from all that earth being expelled into the atmosphere.

      An altitude burst would be more likely since the fireball doesn't touch the ground and produces essentially no fallout, though the fission products are dispered over much of the earth in varying amounts depending on local weather, etc.

    244. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Anyone who thinks a dirty bomb poses a viable THREAT to human life knows nothing about nuclear engineering.

    245. Re:Mystery Pits by TFloore · · Score: 2, Informative

      But we need to be very careful not to miss, Russia is right next door [to Iran].

      Google maps is a wonderful resource. Look at it. There's about 400 miles between Tehran and the nearest Russian city, on the Caspian Sea. It's not that near.

      One of the reasons we were scared about nuclear weapons based in Cuba is that if we nuked them to stop a launch we would also be nuking ourselves.

      Not so much. We were concerned that the flight time for a ballistic missile from Cuba, aimed at Miami, was about 6 minutes. You cannot respond with anything other than a completely automated system in that time frame. Which is unacceptable when you are talking about a nuclear response. As to the "be nuking ourselves" we do have low-yield nuclear weapons also.

      In fact, any attempt to launch nuclear weapons at Iran would probably set off the Russian early warning systems and they would just retaliate before our missiles hit their targets.

      Probably not. If the United States were to launch nuclear weapons at Iran, it would probably be from SSBN(s). The flight time for a SLBM (Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile) is less than 8 minutes. Most early warning systems can detect that fast... but they have a human in the loop, and alerting that human (Obama, Putin, whoever), getting a decision, and sending that decision back to the military can easily take more than 8 minutes.

      The really worrying thing is that this would also probably true if Israel launched a nuclear strike on Iran.

      Israel would probably use a nuclear weapon dropped by an F-15. From a distance, it's rather hard to tell the difference between an F-15 carrying a conventional payload and one carrying a nuclear payload, before it hits the target.

      Assuming, of course, that you believe they have nuclear weapons, which they refuse to acknowledge. *wink* *wink* *nudge* *nudge*

      --
      This is my sig. There are many like it but this one is... Oops. Frank, I've got your sig again! Where's mine?
    246. Re:Mystery Pits by genner · · Score: 1

      Can you clear that up for me? Correct me if I'm wrong, but didn't both India and Pakistan go from nuclear power to nuclear weapons after the establishment of NATO and the NPT?

      But but their our allies...we can trust them.

    247. Re:Mystery Pits by srmalloy · · Score: 1

      They're also highly ineffective. Very little fallout can be spread through conventional means. And of the fallout that does spread, you'll kill very few people. The explosion intended to disperse the materials is guaranteed to kill more people than the radioactive fallout.

      As a terror weapon, it works. The people who do not understand the difference vastly outnumber the ones who do.
      BOMB? Radiation!?! SERIOUS PANIC

      In fact, as a terror weapon, you'd be better off taking the bomb's worth of uranium/plutonium, grinding it into a powder, and putting it in a sheath around a large conventional bomb that you detonate in an urban area, such as Manhattan. The actual radiation level isn't going to kill many people, but the knee-jerk fear of radiation is going to create a reaction out of all proportion to the actual threat.

    248. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "I would submit that the Americans insisting on unconditional surrender is the key factor in both Germany and Japan's peaceful re-emergence as a major economic power rather than a military power."

      Please remember, America wasn't the only player in the war. I would hope this was just a slip on your behalf but stating that it was American insistance we should be grateful for and no one elses is an insult to the millions that died fighting for the same cause long before America entered the war and alongside America when it did finally enter.

    249. Re:Mystery Pits by EvilBudMan · · Score: 1

      --5) I don't know if you'd call turning most the eastern Europe into communist dictatorships 'treating enemy countries well'. They also had an horrific rate of survival for captured PoWs.--

      I believe the Russians did that one not the US.

      --2) The whole "comply with demands that we're making in the full knowledge that you won't be willing\able to comply with them, or else" pretext for attacking someone is how the first world war kicked off too.--

      Unconditional surrender is the only way to prevent this from happening again. They were offered that choice.

    250. Re:Mystery Pits by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      Excuse me, Sir? With all due respect, you're full of crap. Not a single point in your post is correct. Conventional explosives are NOT sufficient to aresolise nuclear materials, conventional explosives are NOT sufficient to disperse the materials over a wide area, Uranium is NOT highly radioactive, some forms of Plutonium ARE reasonably radioactive but primarily degrade as Alpha radiation (effectively harmless since aresolising Pu-238 is difficult and ineffective), being near Uranium or Plutonium does NOT pose a significant health hazard, millions of people will not die, and you sir have become a pawn of terrorism. Just as the media has. There is no real-world basis for the claims you are making about dirty bombs.

      If you want to save lives from radiation dispersion, stop coal plants from dispersing radioactive materials in their smoke. Stop people from smoking cigarettes. Stop the use of oil and natural gas. Stop foreign nations from performing nuclear tests. (The US and Russia already contaminated the world back in the 50s and 60s.) Because those are the REAL sources of contamination. Coal burning alone outweighs the effects of a dirty bomb by several orders of magnitude.

      So with all due respect, please educate yourself before propagating misinformation.

    251. Re:Mystery Pits by ebuck · · Score: 1

      And the veterans coming back just to be told that they weren't really in a "real" war are really appreciative too.

      Americans think they understand more about our conflicts than those who directly observe them; because, they have watched all of the news reports which is more than can be directly observed. Tell them that there's a disconnect between the reported news and your own personal observations, and they defend their perceptions by calling you a non-patriot. The double irony is that the news is available to all, and their patriotism didn't get their asses up off the sofa.

      Yep, I've been in two "not real" wars now, one in the military, one as a contractor. At least the first one was formally declared, but I think I'll skip out on the next one. It's a young man's game, and nobody really is thankful that you went anyway, despite the party line.

    252. Re:Mystery Pits by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      If the 4227 US soldiers killed in Iraq, and the 641 US soldiers killed in Afghanistan were to get in a fight with the 416,000 US soldiers killed in WWII, who do you think would win?

      Since 2003 the number of US military casualties from accidents are similar to the numbers from hostile action. Before 2003 the accident numbers are much higher. What do you tell THOSE widows and children? What about the widows and children of the circa 5000 ordinary works killed doing their jobs every year?

      Despite the emotional appeal, there are very big differences between WWII and Afghanistan and Iraq. If you were to argue that the lives lost in WWII were for a better cause, I might agree with you, but in terms of lives lost, Iraq and Afghanistan are barely blips above the mean.

    253. Re:Mystery Pits by Dak+RIT · · Score: 1

      Not to mention the US now has an agreement allowing the US to trade nuclear material with India even though India never signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
      Source: http://www.cfr.org/publication/9663/

    254. Re:Mystery Pits by djh101010 · · Score: 1

      Dirty Bombs are pretty trivial to make.

      They're also highly ineffective. Very little fallout can be spread through conventional means. And of the fallout that does spread, you'll kill very few people. The explosion intended to disperse the materials is guaranteed to kill more people than the radioactive fallout.

      True. But the point of a dirty bomb isn't to kill, but to have psychological effects. "All of our city is radioactive!!!" kind of panic. People are stupid about radioactivity, look how much they over-reacted to Three Mile Island. That kind of psychological thrash and turmoil is a very powerful weapon - a bunch of long-halflife isotopes scattered around a city would have a profound psychological effect, even if the real radiation hazard was minimal.

    255. Re:Mystery Pits by Smurf · · Score: 1

      That is a myth. Japan never offered to surrender. They offered to negotiate an end to the war but they would have kept Korea and most of what the had left in China..

      I suggest you read this comment by KarrdeSW. He cites good sources that dispute your assertion.

    256. Re:Mystery Pits by khallow · · Score: 1

      The Lancet study figures are exaggerated. For example, deaths from explosions and shootings for the Lancet study are marked up by similar large factors over the death totals for the Iraqi Body Count webpage even though deaths from explosions would be more accurately reported than deaths from shootings. Hence, one should see a difference in the two types of death. Both the Lancet studies also don't jibe with UN counts (which are if I recall correctly about a factor of four lower).

    257. Re:Mystery Pits by anomaly · · Score: 1

      The US may provide less "official" foreign aid than the EU, but there is a significant cultural difference to be addressed. The state in the EU provides the lion's share of aid. In the US, it's the INDIVIDUAL who provides the lion's share of aid. When you combine the individual aid and the "official" aid private contributions, it dwarfs giving by others.

      The US is a generous nation, prosecuting soldiers who break the UCMJ, and rebuilding the infrastructure that we blew up as a part of war efforts. We don't steal, rape and destroy. Those individuals who commit acts like that are prosecuted.

      Compare this with the acts of Germans, Japanese, and Russian armies during WWII.

      We're not perfect, but we're FAR from evil, and we do a great deal to help those less fortunate than us. We make mistakes, and there are civilians who die when we are at war. That makes me sad, but I know of no other nation that does as much to help people as the US.

      --
      But Herr Heisenberg, how does the electron know when I'm looking?
    258. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Of course, this just means that it won't be long before someone does to the USA what the USA did to Japan to stop the warring.

    259. Re:Mystery Pits by fataugie · · Score: 1

      Are you fucking high?

      --

      WTF? Over?

    260. Re:Mystery Pits by photomonkey · · Score: 1

      Check out Tony Judt's Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945.

      The first two chapters basically deal with the end of the war, and the immediate fallout therefrom.

      --
      Message contains 1 attachment: spam.gif
    261. Re:Mystery Pits by Mr.+Slippery · · Score: 1

      If Iran wanted nuclear power they could buy fuel from Russia. That would be cheap and it would work.

      So Iran should put itself into the same position with respect to Russia as we're in with respect to the Middle East? I know they've got some loonies in their government, but that doesn't mean they're so completely stupid as to become completely reliant on other nations for their energy needs.

      The problem with the NPT is that it doesn't stop countries building their own enrichment plants for a civillian program and then quitting the NPT and nuclearizing.

      The problem with the NPT is that the currently nuclear-armed nations have not made the steps towards nuclear disarmament that they commited to.

      "We can have them but you can't" doesn't fly.

      --
      Tom Swiss | the infamous tms | my blog
      You cannot wash away blood with blood
    262. Re:Mystery Pits by EvilBudMan · · Score: 1

      Not a viable threat on the death toll a working one would have but dangerous none the less....and if they get U-235 well then a simple gun weapon will work.

    263. Re:Mystery Pits by Cajun+Hell · · Score: 1

      I don't know if you heard, but there was a war on. Killing on that scale was happening already. The bombs ended it.

      And I would even add, that the Japanese lives lost from those two bombs, turned out to be insignificant compared to the loss of life that this tech could have ended up taking (WW3, and history isn't done yet). We're lucky the toll has been so low so far.

      But this tech's time had arrived and we were going to have a nuclear-armed world regardless of what this team did. If nuclear arms are coming, it is very rational for someone to decide that their own country should be one of the ones who has them. What other decision could possibly be better? (Go on, answer that.) It's a lesser-of-two-evils thing.

      --
      "Believe me!" -- Donald Trump
    264. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You have the two backwards. Plutonium devices work by implosion. Uranium devices work by compression of two sub-critical pieces large enough to create a critical mass. See the Thin-Man article on Wikipedia for more info:

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_Man_nuclear_bomb

    265. Re:Mystery Pits by EvilBudMan · · Score: 1

      Here is a link to the plans. They look easy to build to me.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fission_bomb_assembly_methods.svg

    266. Re:Mystery Pits by EvilBudMan · · Score: 1

      --Yes, there were 5 offers of peace relayed to the allies long before the atom bombs were dropped. The three I refer to in my original post were the three that had been relayed directly to US forces, the other two were relayed via the British.--

      Is there any evidence that these offers we legit? Like did they come from the emperor himself? At that time who knows what was going on? It easy to Monday morning quarterback those people for the decisions they made but we weren't there in their time.

    267. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You say this as if the scientists and engineers working on the Manhattan project were just a few random dudes with engineering degrees.

      Oppenheimer and his colleagues might disagree.

    268. Re:Mystery Pits by archen · · Score: 1

      Anyone else think this is totally absurd? Yeah what is a teenager going to do with super powers? Fight crime? Riiight.

    269. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No way is one or a couple measly dirty bombs going to freak anyone out worse than 9/11 or the anthrax scare.

    270. Re:Mystery Pits by Bozzio · · Score: 1

      That's why they need a radical rat Sensei.

      --
      I just pooped your party.
    271. Re:Mystery Pits by jeff4747 · · Score: 1

      See Hamas and Israel.

      Hamas wants to destroy Israel because the Israelis are currently sitting on "Hamas's" resources.

      Israel wants to dstroy Hamas because the Israelis want to keep "Israel's" resources.

      War is always fought over resources. Religion and other ideologies are brought in as a way to motivate the populace

    272. Re:Mystery Pits by Redoubts · · Score: 1

      Iran has one of the largest oil reserves in the world, yet they have to ration fuel because of shortages. What they need to do is get their heads out of their asses before we start giving them materiel that can vaporize our allies in the region.

    273. Re:Mystery Pits by Mr.+Slippery · · Score: 1

      everything to do with grabbing resources for an empire

      On both sides. How did we end up with a naval base on Hawaii again? How'd we have troops in the Philippines? The Pacific conflict was a straight-up struggle between colonial powers, with a lot of wicked behavior on both sides.

      The further irony being that if we hadn't sent Perry steaming into Tokyo Bay and pried Japan open to our own poltical ends - including perverting Shinto to turn the Emperor into more living god the hereditary priest - they'd probably still have been minding their own business.

      Of course, the notion that short-sighted foreign intervention could come around to bite us in the ass decades later has no relevance today.

      --
      Tom Swiss | the infamous tms | my blog
      You cannot wash away blood with blood
    274. Re:Mystery Pits by AK+Marc · · Score: 1

      The atomic bomb did not remove Japan's desire to wage war, three offers of surrender previous to the bomb would indicate that their desire was basically gone already.

      Unconditional surrender? That's what we got, and that's the only end to a war. Any other "surrender" is a cease fire, and not an end to a war. "I surrender (but only if I get to keep all my weapons, my army, my ability to wage war later, and some of that land I invaded in China)" isn't a surrender.

    275. Re:Mystery Pits by plams · · Score: 1

      The victors always get to author history.

    276. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The tolerances of implosion nuclear weapons are incredibly tight. The type of plans necessary to create a functioning implosion device are state-held secrets and have only been seen by a select few with Top Secret clearance. Anything you can get out of a textbook or off the internet is simply not detailed enough to produce a functional weapon.

      While I admit that plans for existing nukes aren't just printed out online, the plans really aren't going to do you much good.

      The secret parts would be:
      1. The specific shapes of the imploding charges (i.e. blueprints to exact tolerances).
      2. The triggering mechanism (all the charges have to pop exactly at the right time).

      Other than that, you can get everything you need from a textbook, or work it out if you know the formula E=MC^2. Oops, I just let a secret out.

      The specific shapes can be determined with fairly simple equations pumped through some modeling software. Using a handful of PS2's as a crunching node this can be done fairly cheaply and quickly.
      Or you can just look it up online or at a library.
      The triggering mechanism is also fairly simple to design for anyone with even a moderate knowledge of electrical circuits. Also can be found online or in university libraries.

      In short, anybody with a college education & a little bit of cash can put together a very nice, workable DESIGN for a nuke.

      Here's the rub- now you actually have to build the thing. Even if you ignore the nuclear material needed, actually attempting to machine the parts & the explosives to the required tolerances isn't easy.
      And then you have to get the timing on the firing mechanism down to an exact time. And I mean EXACT not just pretty damn close.
      You certainly aren't going to be able to do it in a garage, or even a modern industrial facility. You need some pretty advanced machine facility in order to get the tolerances right, or else you just get a conventional bang with a bunch of radioactive dust blowing around.

      And that doesn't even begin to touch on the issue of getting the nuclear material AND machining THAT stuff into a perfect sphere of uniform density.

      We keep the "Plans" to our warheads secret NOT because we are afraid someone will learn how to make a nuke. We keep them secret because we add all kinds of extra stuff like firing controls, lock-out sequences & other security to prevent accidental or unauthorized detonation. Of course I'm sure we have some design tricks that make things cheaper, more effective, etc. that we also don't really want known, but the knowledge to make a basic, functional implosion nuke is pretty easy to get ahold of.

      And to respond to "dryeo" comment below, the first engineers didn't make a straight implosion nuke, it was a gun-type which are pretty simple all around.
      And as for 'supercomputers' no they didn't, they had rooms full of mathematicians using sliderules. You can do some pretty amazing shit with a sliderule if you know your business, people just get lazy these days. Hell, an abacus can do some neat tricks too, and faster than a lot of modern calculators.

    277. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The fact that what is in the pits is a mystery contributes to the cleanup difficulty and the slow rate of progress. Lawsuits between contractors and the DOE halt cleanup projects for years or decades.

      The DOE says, "Hey, I've got a pit to clean up. We think it has X, Y, and Z, but it could have some of U, P and G, too."

      Contractor: "Okay, I can do that for $500,000."

      DOE: "Sold! Show me your plan."

      DOE: "Hey, you're not accounting for finding U, P, and G."

      Contractor: "You didn't say it was there."

      DOE: "We said it might be there. Oh, and there could be Z, too. Plan for that."

      And the lawsuit begins.

      Record keeping for the waste pits all over the country were pretty bad. I did some work out at the Idaho National Lab where a lot of waste was shipped. Some of those pits were open into the '70s when there was some major flooding. Some barrels started to float so they shot them with rifles until they sank again. Did they sink into the same pit? There is a naval gun range out there and there are worries that some stray unexploded ordnance could be in the pits. And gods know what else. It's not easy to find a low bidding contractor to clean up when they aren't sure what is there. "We need you to clean up some nuclear waste buried in barrels. Mostly contaminated clothing and work waste. Oh, and the soil may need to be remediated due to leakage. Oh, but you might find an artillery shell or two, so be careful. And, well, there could be uranium or plutonium in a fissile quantity, so plan to deal with that, too. Oh, and if you do find some ordnance and it explodes it could create an nuclear explosion if there is nearby fissile material, so plan to contain that, too."

    278. Re:Mystery Pits by diablovision · · Score: 1

      Probably not. If the United States were to launch nuclear weapons at Iran, it would probably be from SSBN(s). The flight time for a SLBM (Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile) is less than 8 minutes. Most early warning systems can detect that fast... but they have a human in the loop, and alerting that human (Obama, Putin, whoever), getting a decision, and sending that decision back to the military can easily take more than 8 minutes.

      Cruise missiles launched from near the Iraq/Iran border would work just as well and can carry warheads of at least 225kt.

      Or a special ops mission armed with ADMs would work too.

      --
      120 characters isn't enough to explain it.
    279. Re:Mystery Pits by Thuktun · · Score: 1

      In fact, any attempt to launch nuclear weapons at Iran would probably set off the Russian early warning systems and they would just retaliate before our missiles hit their targets.

      Probably not. If the United States were to launch nuclear weapons at Iran, it would probably be from SSBN(s). The flight time for a SLBM (Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile) is less than 8 minutes. Most early warning systems can detect that fast... but they have a human in the loop, and alerting that human (Obama, Putin, whoever), getting a decision, and sending that decision back to the military can easily take more than 8 minutes.

      Is a nuclear-tipped cruise missile like the AGM-86 or AGM-129 insufficiently bunker-busting for an Iran mission? Those fly at low altitude and I presume would be hard to detect, and the latter has stealth characteristics.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-86_ALCM
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-129_ACM

    280. Re:Mystery Pits by Marcika · · Score: 1

      Thanks!

    281. Re:Mystery Pits by Mr.+Slippery · · Score: 1

      The implosion part of the weapon is incredibly difficult.

      It's 60+ year old tech.

      development tends to require both a computer simulation

      The designers of Fat Man (and Little Boy) used "computers" that were rooms full of women with adding machines.

      and experimentation

      Fat Man and the Trinity "gadget" were an implosion-type plutonium bombs; no experimental nuclear detonations preceded Trinity or took place between it and Fat Man. (Little Boy was a gun-type uranium device.)

      Given that the U.S. went two for two in building plutonium implosion devices without nuclear testing 60+ years ago, and that modern bomb-makers not only have their example to follow but have computers, we must conclude that building a plutonium implosion device is a practical undertaking for any group with a reasonable technological capability.

      Plutonium + computers + a few smart people + access to a good machine shop + homicidal intent + ability to deliver a five ton object where you want it = BOOM! I think the plutonium is the only hard part of that.

      --
      Tom Swiss | the infamous tms | my blog
      You cannot wash away blood with blood
    282. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      You just quoted wiki to prove a research point. I can't mod you either way, but that's the point at which I stopped reading.

    283. Re:Mystery Pits by slapout · · Score: 1

      Sending that money to Israel also gives us influence with them...influence to encourage them to not do certain things...

      --
      Coder's Stone: The programming language quick ref for iPad
    284. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      A bipolar world was anticipated well before WWII. Leading to WWII, USA was quickly becoming the one of the superpowers. It manufacturing output was immense and extending, although Great Depression was a huge setback. The second major power was not evident at the time. Germany, Japan or USSR could be the new power opposing USA. UK was still powerful, although its economy was weak and recovering slowly. France was in ruins, but had good potential. Germany and Japan was gaining territory and resources. USSR was developing at an unbelievable rate, at the expense of its people's welfare, but still was not particularly powerful (especially when compared to Germany or Japan). The world still had many major powers and the USA was not clearly dominant. It would have been a grave mistake to pick one of those as enemy while it still lacked military power remotely comparable to its economic potential.

      However WWII changed all that. It was very clear in the 40ties that Germany, Japan, France and UK are no more in the game. By then, USA had an unprecedented economic output a powerful army. USSR was the only other nation with equivalent or better military strength and somewhat comparable economic power. Coupled with mutual mistrust and ideological incompatibility, the next enemy was clear as day. The cold war arrived before the hot one was over.

    285. Re:Mystery Pits by CKW · · Score: 1

      > "Their attempt to surrender without having troops on their soil or their government changed, was refused. TWICE."

      Fixed that for you.

    286. Re:Mystery Pits by damium · · Score: 1

      All those things (and many more) are just tales?

      Quite frankly, yes. AFIAK most waste in the US is sold to Areva for reprocessing into usable material. Most uranium mines have been non-operational for several years due to the low price of uranium on the market, this might change in the near future however. In the US the NEC is quite strict on tracking where waste is shipped.

      Full disclosure: I work in Richland, WA where Hanford is located. I do not work at Hanford myself but I know people who do.

    287. Re:Mystery Pits by marcosdumay · · Score: 1

      They were never signed the NPT, thus, they were never (officially) under the supervision of those entities.

    288. Re:Mystery Pits by dryeo · · Score: 1

      I'm not trying to devalue their work. Still they were starting from the proposition that maybe an atomic explosion was possible and had to break a lot of ground. Probably most of the Manhattan was devoted to discovering how things actually work, how to collect enough fissible material etc.
      Where as now any organization attempting to make a nuke is starting with the knowledge that an atomic bomb is quite possible and roughly what it involves. Still major engineering and I agree that the average terrorist organization couldn't pull it of. Still I think most any industrial nation could pull it off and a very well financed organization who hired some good nuclear physicists and engineers might be able to.

      --
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism
    289. Re:Mystery Pits by Mr.+Slippery · · Score: 1

      No it didn't, they jad to do lots and lots of nuclear tests.

      There was exactly one nuclear test before Hiroshima and Nagasaki. And they got the Trinity test right the first time.

      I'm sure terrorists would be happy to make their first test a "live" one; so, yeah, we'd detect it by the mushroom cloud over a populated area.

      --
      Tom Swiss | the infamous tms | my blog
      You cannot wash away blood with blood
    290. Re:Mystery Pits by Dogtanian · · Score: 2, Informative

      This is the big problem with nuking anywhere. The fallout drifts and will affect friendly countries right next door. One of the reasons we were scared about nuclear weapons based in Cuba is that if we nuked them to stop a launch we would also be nuking ourselves.

      You were still performing atmospheric bomb tests on a site just 65 miles away from Las Vegas into the 1960s.

      --
      "Slashdot - News and Chat Sites Deviant". (Click "homepage" link above for details).
    291. Re:Mystery Pits by Mr.+Slippery · · Score: 1

      If the fallout is hot enough to kill a large number of people, it's hot enough to completely degrade within hours to months. The only place you're going to find those sorts of materials is inside a live reactor.

      You don't need to kill a large amount of people instantly. You just need to contaminate an area sufficiently to raise the risk of cancer enough that no one wants to live there. A chunk of Cesium or cobalt, as found in medical applications or food irradiation plants, would be sufficient.

      --
      Tom Swiss | the infamous tms | my blog
      You cannot wash away blood with blood
    292. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Wow, that doesn't even come close in terms of american casualties.

      Try the Civil War.

    293. Re:Mystery Pits by jamstar7 · · Score: 1

      Yeah, that's working out well...

      --
      Understanding the scope of the problem is the first step on the path to true panic.
    294. Re:Mystery Pits by marcosdumay · · Score: 1

      North Korea never said their were enriching uranium for civilian use. Also, as far as is publicly known, they don't enrich uranium at all.

      Also, to build their own weapons, they can buy the plutonium from Russia (that works way better then buying fuel, since it is just a couple of one-time expenses), or they can spend a fortune that is at least three times as big as the one needed for enriching uranium for power generation.

      Entities that are able to catch an enrichment plant are also normally able to discover when it grows three fold.

    295. Re:Mystery Pits by nusuth · · Score: 1

      You are correct, I didn't consider N.Korea in my post. But N.Korea haven't demonstrated a successful nuclear device yet. They haven't tested any other unsuccessful device either. They might be missing the hardest component: enough of refined plutonium. If you need a nuclear device to use as a bargaining chip, a dud using non-weapons grade plutonium is as good as the real thing. No outside observer can know whether the fizzle is due to a simple malfunction, a correctable manufacturing error, fundamentally bad design or lack of sufficient amount of sufficiently pure plutonium. They must take the treat seriously.

      --

      Gentlemen, you can't fight in here, this is the War Room!

    296. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      and they didn't even have microprocessors for exact timing. It was all done with WWII technology. I think if a small group gets the Plutonium, has the will, is well educated and funded (less then 1/2 a million US) then they could build an implosion device. Really all ones needs is a bunch of high speed cameras to film the test explosions with. Then one can work out how to make the spherical detonation. Building the casing for the bomb is not as hard as it sounds. Yes, the government tries to keep how nuclear wars work a secret to prevent Joe terrorist from building one.

    297. Re:Mystery Pits by jamstar7 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Also: Did you ever ask yourself why the us did not the obvious thing: Invite a bunch of japanses officals (generals) to the trinity-test and show them "Hey, look! That's going to happen to you. Now, here are the sunglasses and we have spare underwear in case you need it later". The answer is rather simple: They did not know it would work. They estimated a failure (not sure at the moment) at around 50%.

      The Manhattan Project was the ultra top secret burn before reading war secret of WW2. It was so secret that they weren't allowed to brief Vice President Truman on it until he became President Truman. It was so secret that Truman's Senate fraud investigating committee was called off to the side and ordered to drop any and all lines of inquiry that had any connection whatsoever to Manhattan. It was so secret that they couldn't even investigate who had leaked the name of the project for fear it would 'out' other facts as well.

      And you wanted to show the Japanese this secret? It wouldn't happen no matter what. There was a war going on, for the survival of the planet.

      --
      Understanding the scope of the problem is the first step on the path to true panic.
    298. Re:Mystery Pits by Urkki · · Score: 1

      I'm not sure why parent was modded Flamebait but he's right. The soldiers being killed in Iraq and Afghanistan are just as dead as those killed in WWII or any other war or"police action." Believe me, all states of war are equal when you're on the wrong end of an enemy weapon.

      No, they're not equal. It's very different depending on what you are fighting for, and what is at stake. Well, depending on your (religious or other) beliefs about "afterlife", they might or might not be different for those who die instantly. But then if you don't believe in a certain kind of afterlife, the dead don't care anymore, so it doesn't matter. But at least for the living (including those who die later from their wounds, or commit suicide due to war trauma), the different "states of war" do matter a great deal. The dead may be dead, but it matters a great deal if they died while protecting the lives and freedom of the widows and orphans now mourning (but still with their lives and freedom), or if they died protecting the investments of few rich people (or something like that).

    299. Re:Mystery Pits by jamstar7 · · Score: 1

      True. But the point of a dirty bomb isn't to kill, but to have psychological effects. "All of our city is radioactive!!!" kind of panic. People are stupid about radioactivity, look how much they over-reacted to Three Mile Island. That kind of psychological thrash and turmoil is a very powerful weapon - a bunch of long-halflife isotopes scattered around a city would have a profound psychological effect, even if the real radiation hazard was minimal.

      Well, what the hell do you expect when the anti-nuke organisations have been screaming at you for over 30 years that if they build a power plant outside of Denver, your hair will fall out in Los Angeles?

      --
      Understanding the scope of the problem is the first step on the path to true panic.
    300. Re:Mystery Pits by jamstar7 · · Score: 1

      How much for some weapons grade marijuana? And do you include seeds with that?

      --
      Understanding the scope of the problem is the first step on the path to true panic.
    301. Re:Mystery Pits by lessthan · · Score: 1

      Except there is still a "footprint" where there should be a building or, at the very least, a nice park.

      --
      Space Shuttle was a program that strapped humans to an explosion and tried to stab through the sky with fire and math
    302. Re:Mystery Pits by Hasai · · Score: 1

      The type of plans necessary to create a functioning implosion device are state-held secrets and have only been seen by a select few with Top Secret clearance....

      Um, actually, a Top Secret clearance isn't high enough to get access to stuff like that.

      --

      Regards;

      Hasai

    303. Re:Mystery Pits by guyminuslife · · Score: 1

      I remember talking to an Iranian roommate of mine, and I mentioned that it seemed like the main gist of the nuclear program was nuclear power.

      He started laughing out loud.

      --
      I don't believe in time. It's a grand conspiracy designed to sell watches.
    304. Re:Mystery Pits by AKAImBatman · · Score: 2, Informative

      Top Secret is as high as it goes. What you're thinking of is the "Need to Know" aspect of classified information. Unless the government decides that you are in a position where you "Need to Know" the designs for these weapons, then you will NOT get access to the information even if you have Top Secret clearance.

      The President of the United States has the ultimate authority in deciding who gets access to Top Secret information, but that authority is often delegated to various department heads.

    305. Re:Mystery Pits by ladoga · · Score: 1

      Cruise missiles launched from near the Iraq/Iran border would work just as well and can carry warheads of at least 225kt. Or a special ops mission armed with ADMs would work too.

      Reminds me of the movie Threads. Never released in the US "Docu-drama" where shooting strategic nuclear missiles at Iran escalates into full scale nuclear war.

      A must see.

    306. Re:Mystery Pits by ladoga · · Score: 1

      umm...sorry, in above posting I meant to say tactical nukes.

    307. Re:Mystery Pits by The+Iso · · Score: 1

      Haven't you read Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!? There was extensive use of IBM calculating machines in the Manhattan project.

      --
      "You don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows." - Bob Dylan
    308. Re:Mystery Pits by Stormgren · · Score: 1

      The tolerances for a decent low-order detonation aren't *that* tight.

      Your post shows that your knowledge of explosives is terribly inadequate for arguing your position.

      The implosion detonation sequence does need to be quite tight timing wise, but it uses shaped charge methods and explosive "lensing" effects via combinations of fast and slow detonating explosives. Those charges produce the implosive shockwave, most of the detotative force is projected inward, rather than outward.

      A shaped-charge expert could probably figure out what would need to be done quite handily.

      The timing parts are taken care of via wires cut to the same length, reliable switches with known timing characteristics, etc.

      Explosive lens design is described in a few places, including a couple of patents and is available via the Internet.

      The really nifty part is that you can machine metal "blanks" out of whatever dense inert metal you have handy and test these explosive "lens" configurations in whatever handy blast pit you have available. When the blank comes out of the test process the desired size and shape, you know you've probably got the right configuration.

      While gun type weapons are not out of reach, implosion type devices are not out of the realm of possibility.

      --

      "All those tubes and wires and careful notes!"

    309. Re:Mystery Pits by Ash+Vince · · Score: 1

      This reply is to lots of people who posted responses but u get it.

      When I said affects hundred of miles I meant in terms of nuclear fallout. This drifts according to prevaling winds so can easily go across continents. Nuclear fallout from Chernobyl was detected in rain falling on Northern Europe. It easily travelled 600 miles in the stratosphere then came back down to earth. The other problem with nuking Iran would be contaminating the oil under that part or the world that we desperately need.

      The last time nuclear weapons were used hardly anybody had them. Now loads of countries have them so if someone started using them we may find quite few flying around as other countries follow our example and try and get rid of their enemies too. Think Pakistan and India, for starters.

      The nuclear toys need to stay in the box. They are a weapon of last resort, not convenience.

      --
      I dont read /. to RTFA, I read /. to offend people in ignorance.
    310. Re:Mystery Pits by LWATCDR · · Score: 1

      I have. That is the only reference that I have seen to those overtures. Every "peace" overtures I have seen documented included no occupation of Japan. Even the slim reference you gave say the contemplated occupation but didn't agree to it.
      Even accepting in writing the "divine" nature of the Emperor really would be untenable. The Emperor had to be controlled by the idea that he too could be hauled out of his position on the whim of the US. In that way he couldn't try to regain his political power and fade into a figurehead.

      --
      See my blog http://ilovecookes.blogspot.com/ for light hearted technical information.
    311. Re:Mystery Pits by blindseer · · Score: 2, Informative

      Nuclear power may not replace hydrocarbon fuels directly but hydrocarbon fuels can be produced from nuclear power. To make the hydrocarbons that are so convenient for things like making planes fly and boats tread water takes three things, hydrogen, carbon, and energy. Once you have a powerful baseload energy source like nuclear power the hydrogen and carbon can be squeezed out of abundant items like seawater and household garbage.

      This is not new technology. Synthesizing hydrocarbon techniques have been around for about one hundred years.

      --
      I am armed because I am free. I am free because I am armed.
    312. Re:Mystery Pits by ScrewMaster · · Score: 1

      The only thing left was a bloody ground assault ... or The Bomb.

      Or starve them into submission via a blockade - which would probably have caused even more civilian deaths.

      You know, had we taken one of the non-thermonuclear routes to forcing Japan to surrender, no matter what the toll on Japan's civilian population, we wouldn't be so vilified today. We dropped two comparatively low-yield nuclear devices on Japan and yes, the results were truly and predictably horrific. As you say, the alternatives were no less terrible in their consequences. Atom bomb them, cover them in flaming napalm, starve them, shoot them, stab them to death with bayonets ... there was no easy way out.

      People seem to forget that.

      --
      The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
    313. Re:Mystery Pits by HungryHobo · · Score: 1

      I'd be curious about how much private foreign aid comes out of the EU, I can't find solid figures.
      When you talk about the US and private donations keep in mind that one of the many ways those figures are inflated to look better is that they include money sent home by immigrants to their families. In the cases of some of the most insanely inflated figures they even include estimated money sent home by illegal immigrants. just keep that in mind.

      All countries soldiers steal, rape and destroy when they can get away with it. Humans are monsters and US soldiers are human.
      Talk to a british person and they'll be certain that their boys don't do any of those things in combat zones.
      Talk to a *any nationality* and they'll believe that their own soldiers don't do that kind of thing.
      But the US is different. Sure. because of... um... well... freedom... um... the flag... um... greatest country on earth....

      There have been enough extremely high profile monsters who served in the US military, ordered barbaric things or did them themselves and then either got away scot free or got a slap on the wrist.
      This is no different from any other national military but don't delude yourself that the US is any better.
      Have a google for '"William Calley " Medinia' and see how the military doesn't give the slightest rats ass about the even the most brutal crimes. have a look and see how long he stayed in jail. Have a look and see what the crime was.
      Have a look and see what happened to the person who tried to blow the whistle , have a look at how many tried to cover things up and were never punished.
      Then come back and tell me that "Those individuals who commit acts like that are prosecuted."

      You're right though, the US isn't evil, its citizens turn a blind eye to these things but the US certainly isn't evil.

    314. Re:Mystery Pits by kickassweb · · Score: 1

      I used to go to Livingston College back in the early 70's, which is part of Rutgers U and built on the old Camp Kilmer grounds. We used to take downtime in the woods, amongst the old bunkers and places where they used to train. There were a few places in the woods nearby that were marked with very old warning signs that bore the radioactive symbol, if you could find them under the weeds, and read 'em with the paint faded the way it was.

      I can also remember a few houses on Stelton Rd that had to have their yards dug up to a depth of around 4 or 5 feet since the contractor who had built those homes 40 or more years before had gotten the fill dirt off one of the backroads in the Camp. The geiger counter readings in those yards were through the roof.

      So this does not surprise me in the least.

      --
      I'd love to change the world but I can't find the source code.
    315. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Gosh, you're right! That's exactly how they brought peace to Germany after World War I...

    316. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ... balls ... Putz....

      Why are you still so fixated on your genitals after all these years, Mr. Portnoy?

    317. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Tell that to the guys in the cemetary, their widows, their children.

      OK, you goddaamned hotcock -- parade them all by me and I'll tell every one of them straight to their faces.

      Jesus, I get so fucking tired of you pussies who, every time someone makes a comparison or, worse yet, a joke, have to come up with your pud-thumping "Tell that to ...." bullshit.

      Yes, asshole, I'll tell everyone and their families, "Every one of you died in vain in Iraq and Afghanistan because of fucking lies concocted by a madman who ignored all evidence that he was wrong. You died to sate his extravagant hubris. He took you from your families because he couldn't bear to admit he and his insane cabal were wrong. He as much as spilled your blood on the sand with his own cowardly hands."

      And every one of you who survive should feel like going en masse to Texas to individually kick his ass bloody.

    318. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You could find a formulas to calculate a geometry of implosion sphere for octogene freely. Moreover! In 1990 scientists discovered that with sufficient redunancy of octogene or more powerful HP brisant mixes it's no need even in a submilimeter precision to place detonators in 2 crossing pyramides way.

      That excited the US goverment so much, so the research team was forced to NDA and classified.

      The sphere geometry calculation is a sole thing of explosives physics. And a sphere geometry calculation was at least as simple as a cumulative jet calculation, at least for me, it has taken just a 2 hours of home PC assisted brain work. Believe me, to calculate the optimal form for idealy round spread of new frag granade shrapnell is far more tricky.

    319. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      (Say, about 92 years? :-P)

      No, no! About NINETY FOUR years!

      Get your numbers right!

      And stop abusin the pinoqachole-laced Plutonium!

    320. Re:Mystery Pits by JohnBailey · · Score: 1

      But but their our allies...we can trust them.

      So was Iraq at one time. And I seem to remember the US being in talks with the Taliban about a big oil pipeline going though their territory at one point Not to mention a few million in aid grants that America gave them for reducing the number of opium farmers. And wasn't Ho Chi Min fighting on the American side during WWII against Japan? Funny how you guys tend to change allies from time to time.

      --
      It is difficult to get a man to understand something when his job depends on not understanding it.
    321. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    322. Re:Mystery Pits by bcmm · · Score: 1

      As to the "be nuking ourselves" we do have low-yield nuclear weapons also.

      Fallout is effected more by where the warhead is when it detonates than by the yield of the weapon.

      Missile silos tend to be underground and don't really care if you hit them with an airburst (the normal configuration for a "deterrent" type weapon designed to kill the population of a city). A strike intended to stop a nuclear launch would have to be a groundburst (fuse detonates on impact like a traditional bomb). A groundburst inevitably results in a lot of material (e.g. the area's soil) being very close to the weapon when it detonates and experiencing a lot of neutron flux. This radioactive soil gets kicked up into a fine dust by the blast and is called fallout.

      You can't do a clean strike on a missile base.

      --
      # cat /dev/mem | strings | grep -i llama
      Damn, my RAM is full of llamas.
    323. Re:Mystery Pits by bcmm · · Score: 1

      You were still performing atmospheric bomb tests on a site just 65 miles away from Las Vegas into the 1960s.

      (My emphasis.)

      Radioactive air and a bit of left-over fissile material is a lot less scary than the large amounts of radioactive dust ("fallout") that you get from an explosion at ground level (which is the only way to damage an underground silo).

      --
      # cat /dev/mem | strings | grep -i llama
      Damn, my RAM is full of llamas.
    324. Re:Mystery Pits by mokumegane · · Score: 1

      I'm not sure why parent was modded Flamebait but he's right. The soldiers being killed in Iraq and Afghanistan are just as dead as those killed in WWII or any other war or"police action." Believe me, all states of war are equal when you're on the wrong end of an enemy weapon.

      Yeah... unfortunately, lesser-developed countries are reaching that phase we were in back in WWII and the U.S. seems to have to help them in their endeavors. Why can't we stick to feeding the hungry?

    325. Re:Mystery Pits by mokumegane · · Score: 1

      BTW, figures are fatal U.S. military casualties only

      I think that's exactly the problem with this line of discussion.

      Yeah... just think of the mass of people from other countries killed. Maybe they're just showing U.S. deaths to show that point, though. Hmm... I think that works better for WWI than WWII. In the latter, there were so many casualties among the innocents. WWI was more of a gentleman's war in that it followed some guidelines and codes of conduct.

    326. Re:Mystery Pits by mokumegane · · Score: 1
      You are correct about the long-range bomber... and yeah, the Japanese did eventually wage a different war with us. They're like lawyers... every time we make a law about things brought into our country from another, they find a way around it to the best of their advantage. Japan as a whole is a very cunning country...

      Why is it that everyone focuses on the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, completely ignoring the months of fire raids that preceeded Fatman and Littleboy? Those raids caused far more devastation than both atom bombs put together. The effects were made infinitely more dramatic because of the Japanese habit of building their homes out of what was essentially paper. Furthermore, after having been burned to a crisp, they still wouldn't grant an unconditional surrender. The only thing left was a bloody ground assault ... or The Bomb. So we nuked them. Then, after absorbing not one but two nukings, the Japanese military still wouldn't surrender! it was Hirohito himself who had to finally call a halt. Your history is a bit ... off. The GP is correct: if you don't want a war (or want to stop one) you eliminate the enemy's capacity to wage it. The truth is, World War II changed the face of war forever, and it wasn't the atom bomb that did it. It was the long-range bomber. All major conflicts leading up to the Big One were fought with little ability to affect the other side's manufacturing base. You could cut his lines of supply ... but there was no way to reach out and attack his means of production. That meant that most conflicts were between military personnel and involving military targets. Civilian areas could be occupied or overrun, but were generally not blown to pieces. The long-range bomber allowed direct attacks upon factories, transportation hubs, storage facilities and other paraphenalia of a modern industrial economy. This had the effect of involving the civilian population, who had previously remained distant from actual warfare (until a nation's defenses were overrun and an occupation began.) Germany and Japan both built their military machines using civilian workers and production facilities, who became legitimate targets once the ability to hit them was available. You know what? We deduce the existence of peace because there are intervals between wars. Peace is an ideal, and like most ideals it is rarely, if ever, fully realized. Not for long, anyway. You're also wrong about why we never had future attacks from Japan. They'd have done it if they could ... we just wouldn't let them arm themselves, made them allies, and we provided for their defense. Some allies they turned out to be, using the capabilities we gave them to successfully attack our manufacturing sector. Don't underestimate the Japanese: yes, we rebuilt their their industrial engine after the War (just as we did for Germany) but our generosity came back to haunt us.

    327. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      borrowing from a post below:
      "That is such a bizarre statement that I'm just going to stare at you in shock.

      *stares*"

    328. Re:Mystery Pits by mokumegane · · Score: 1

      Hanford isn't that bad of a problem---yet. The important thing to note is that Hanford is proximate to the Columbia River, a major watershed for the Pacific Northwest. Currently the stored (highly radioactive) waste is leaking into the groundwater, but has not yet reached the river. Once that happens, well, things won't be very pretty downriver. Portland is known for being a fairly "green" city, and that trend can be expected to continue. Possibly it'll be a glowing, radioactive green city...

      Lol, did you see the news article on the tests that were done on the Sandy River? From what it showed, the fish were hopped up on caffeine, drugged to within an inch of their lives and at least slightly poisoned. I think they did figure out it was due to dumpings, though. It's probably much better now...

    329. Re:Mystery Pits by jamstar7 · · Score: 1

      Ever see a 1930-s style calculator?

      --
      Understanding the scope of the problem is the first step on the path to true panic.
    330. Re:Mystery Pits by sjames · · Score: 1

      Yes, the first time the finest minds of the age got together with an army of human computers and practically unlimited budget they managed to produce a 21 kiloton bomb and only killed a dozen or so people in the process. While they managed to keep the details hidden, the fact that they were working on it was well known within world governments even with the limited surveillance available at the time.

      Certainly it is possible to do, but easy is hardly the word for it.

    331. Re:Mystery Pits by shadowbearer · · Score: 1

      The fact that what is in the pits is a mystery contributes to the cleanup difficulty and the slow rate of progress. Lawsuits between contractors and the DOE halt cleanup projects for years or decades.

        So have the military do it.

      Record keeping for the waste pits all over the country were pretty bad.

        Not an excuse for not dealing with it, although it does make it a lot harder to, I agree.

      I did some work out at the Idaho National Lab where a lot of waste was shipped. Some of those pits were open into the '70s when there was some major flooding. Some barrels started to float so they shot them with rifles until they sank again.

        Good grief. What in the hell were they thinking? Do you happen to have a cite for that, if you're still watching this thread, that is?

      Did they sink into the same pit? There is a naval gun range out there and there are worries that some stray unexploded ordnance could be in the pits. And gods know what else.

        Another stellar example of the sort of lack of common sense I was talking about. What sort of fool puts a nuclear waste site where it could be hit by stray test shots; or dumps unexploded ordnance into that same pit?

        Same sort of fool that keeps blowing the problem off...

      It's not easy to find a low bidding contractor to clean up when they aren't sure what is there.

        Don't get me started about "lowest bidders" ;) A problem such as this needs to be contracted to the most competent and experienced bidder, not the lowest one. To do so otherwise is criminal negligence.

        "We need you to clean up some nuclear waste buried in barrels. Mostly contaminated clothing and work waste. Oh, and the soil may need to be remediated due to leakage. Oh, but you might find an artillery shell or two, so be careful. And, well, there could be uranium or plutonium in a fissile quantity, so plan to deal with that, too. Oh, and if you do find some ordnance and it explodes it could create an nuclear explosion if there is nearby fissile material, so plan to contain that, too."

        So what? If the government doesn't detail the potential for the hazards to the contractor, then the gov is at fault for not doing so, and if I were that contractor and I were lied to, I'd be suing the government too...

        So do it RIGHT, dammit. Don't pussyfoot around the problem.

      SB

      --
      It's old. The more humans I meet, the more I like my cats. At least they are honest.
    332. Re:Mystery Pits by mad_clown · · Score: 1

      That's what happens when your emperor takes the bait and tries standing up for his own people living on American soil.

      Wait, so this is the line now? The Japanese attacked the United States to... what? Defend Japanese-Americans against racism or something?

      If that's seriously the implication, then revisionist "history" has really jumped the shark. Then again, some people still take David Irving seriously.

      --
      "Cut word lines. Cut music lines. Smash the control images. Smash the control machine." - William S. Burroughs
    333. Re:Mystery Pits by Eravnrekaree · · Score: 1

      USe some imagination, why not just ground up the material into a powder, and then devise a devise to basically blow that dust into the air. Heck you dont even need an explosive. Impossible? Not at all.

    334. Re:Mystery Pits by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      Forget the imagination, how about a little sense? Most radioactive materials are too heavy to remain airborne. They will fall before they can do damage, even if ground up. Most targets would not be used for farming, so the ground assault from the materials won't be effective. And even if you target farming, the government will simply evacuate the land and pull of a layer of topsoil. Furthermore, the grinding process poses a greater risk to the person grinding than to the area intended for dispersal.

      The experts have been over dirty bombs upside down and backwards. Their conclusion is the same conclusion that occurs to anyone with even a modicum of nuclear knowledge: Dirty bombs don't work.

      Period. End of Story.

    335. Re:Mystery Pits by AG+the+other · · Score: 1

      Under intense time pressure to work with previously theoretical isotopes that just might save tens of thousands of American lives?

      At the cost of hundreds of thousands of civilian Japanese lives.

      And said Japanese lives would have been lost anyway. Look at the history of the defense of Okinawa. Women jumped off cliffs to avoid being near American soldiers.

      They also threw their children off those same cliffs.

      The Japanese military had plans to mobilize the entire population of Japan to repel the American invasion. Estimates were that 2 to 3 million American soldiers would have died and even more civilians.

      The Japanese islands would have pretty much been depopulated.

      AG

      --
      Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro
    336. Re:Mystery Pits by dryeo · · Score: 1

      Definitely not easy but the comment I was answering basically said it was impossible without supercomputers and lots of testing with live nukes. The Manhattan project proved over wise. Also what percentage of the project was devoted to the implosion device compared to just all the learning that had to be done?

      --
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism
    337. Re:Mystery Pits by sjames · · Score: 1

      I do agree that it's not impossible. However, the main thrust of the argument is still there. A gun type device would be a much better choice for a first nuke. The calculations are much simpler and the tolerances are larger.

    338. Re:Mystery Pits by Dogtanian · · Score: 1

      As far as I'm aware "atmospheric" simply denotes tests that take place within the atmosphere, including those that occur at ground level.

      --
      "Slashdot - News and Chat Sites Deviant". (Click "homepage" link above for details).
    339. Re:Mystery Pits by slapout · · Score: 1

      Actually, it is. We've talked them into holding back several times.

      --
      Coder's Stone: The programming language quick ref for iPad
    340. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But not nearly the only one. I have a friend who works for the gov and was telling me that one spot she worked at stored old missles and the rats at the place would get into them and eat the propelent, and if you steped on them they might explode. ;)

    341. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous+Cowpat · · Score: 1

      You sound like Gul Dukat - no-one (not even the French) will give you unconditional surrender until you've torn their country limb-from-limb, and there's no-one really left in any position to give that surrender. (Take Germany, World War II. There were at least 6 surrenders in the last weeks of the war - 3 of them after Donitz gave the allies the unconditional surrender that they wanted - by the time he was forced to give that surrender he wasn't in control of a functioning country that he could actually tell to lay down their arms)
      Nothing that's actually recogniseable as an organised country has ever given an unconditional surrender, and people who make such demands know it.

      How would unconditional surrender of a complete country go?
      You tell me to surrender. My country is intact, my leadership is still there, my cities still stand, my infrastructure still works, my army is still a fighting force if I tell it to fight. What happens now? Your army just rolls in and seamlessly takes over the reigns of government, shoots me and my cabinet and carries off any of the women that they want? When you give someone unconditional surrender, you hand them the freedom to do that.

      Unconditional surrender is when you're kicking someone on the ground and they're begging you to stop. If you go up to someone and deamand unconditional surrender, it's like you're telling them to lie on the floor so you can kick them if you want. You condemn someone for refusing and tell them that it's their own fault if they got a harder kicking because you had to knock them down first?

      Unconditional surrender is no choice at all

      --
      FGD 135
    342. Re:Mystery Pits by MrKaos · · Score: 1

      The experts have been over dirty bombs upside down and backwards. Their conclusion is the same conclusion that occurs to anyone with even a modicum of nuclear knowledge: Dirty bombs don't work.

      It depends on what you mean by "Dirty bombs don't work", I saw some computer simulations on TV of a dirty bomb let off in a city that rendered areas uninhabitable for decades (a study of terrorism strikes on a city prior to the Olympics). Even Wikipedia cites studies that suggest that a complete cleanup of external surfaces in an urban area to current decontamination limits may not be technically feasible.

      With that in mind, the motivations of an attack would have to be evaluated, it may not be killing people. For example an overt attack on an area might kill less people than a covert attack on a water source - where one is designed to cause obvious disruption and another is designed to cause as many people as possible to ingest radioactive elements.

      The Center for Defense Information also suggests that the evacuation alone, from a Dirty Bomb, would be enough to cause significant injuries, and says With urban areas especially difficult to decontaminate after a radiological attack, any abandonment could be permanent, potentially costing trillions of dollars.

      So maybe 'Dirty bombs' don't work to kill people en-mass, they may work perfectly well to cause economic damage, panic, disruption and render areas unusable, and since we haven't seen one deployed to it's full effect, it maybe premature to say 'Dirty bombs don't work'. You can't blame people for not having a modicum of nuclear knowledge, anymore than anyone can blame you for not know about something you have no interest in - but you know is dangerous when used as a weapon.

      --
      My ism, it's full of beliefs.
    343. Re:Mystery Pits by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      The CDI says:

      A dirty bomb -- or radiological dispersion bomb -- is a relatively unsophisticated device that combines radioactive materials with conventional explosives. When exploded, such a device scatters radioactive particles into the environment. No nuclear-fission reaction takes place as would occur with a true nuclear weapon, and, while anyone within the initial blast radius will probably be killed immediately, more casualties would probably result from the long-term effects of the dispersed radioactive material. According to Michael Levi, the physicist who managed a Federation of American Scientists' (FAS) study into the effects of a dirty bomb explosion, protecting yourself after such an attack is a matter of getting indoors, showering, and not eating contaminated food or breathing open air. As he put it: "It's really a matter of closing your windows and waiting for instructions." 6 Levi also cautioned that the much-hyped potassium iodine anti-radiation pills said to be selling so well in the wake of the attorney general's announcement, are likely to be of limited use against dirty bombs, as most studies predict the use of non-iodine radiation in any such device. 7

      Moreover, Dr. John W. Poston Sr., professor of nuclear engineering at Texas A&M University, and chairman of a committee that produced a study on dirty bombs for the national Council on Radiation Protection, contends that the dispersal method used in such a device would so dilute the radioactive material involved as to make any radiation doses incurred non-fatal. Similarly, according to a report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1.5 pounds of radioactive cesium dispersed by detonating 4,000 pounds of TNT would only increase the amount of radiation that most of the affected people are normally exposed to by 25 percent. 8 As Mark Gwozdecky of the International Atomic Energy Agency put it: "It's hard to imagine any kind of dirty bomb producing the kinds of mass casualties that we saw on Sept. 11." Such a device would, he added, be a weapon of mass disruption rather than a weapon of mass destruction.

      Again, dirty bombs don't work.

      Let's move on to the next point:

      These conclusions were corroborated by the FAS study, which found that, while a dirty bomb would not inflict deaths on anything like the scale of even a crude nuclear device, widespread contamination exceeding Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) safety guidelines could result. If the risk of cancer deaths could not be curtailed to around 1-in-10,000, the EPA would probably recommend the long-term evacuation of the contaminated area.

      Again, we hear that dirty bombs don't work. I've also highlighted an interesting point for you. The EPA will evacuate when there is a danger of 1 cancer in 10,000 eventually developing. Let's be clear on that. There is no immediate danger and more than enough time for an orderly evacuation of the affected street blocks. For comparison, your normal chances of dieing of cancer are 11 in 50 per the 2005 census of US Mortality.

      In addition, the government has known for some time that their cancer models for radiation are highly conservative and do not actually reflect reality. So you are even safer than originally thought.

      Now let's consider the property damage. If dispersed outdoors, the streets and exteriors of the building will need to be decontaminated. What does that mean? That means that teams run around with Geiger counters and identify where exactly there is radiation being produced above acceptable limits. The areas would then be washed down and the dirty water collected for disposal.

      If dispersed indoors, then what? Well, a section of a building may need to be stripped, decontaminated in a similar fashion to the outdoors, then rebuilt. Materia

    344. Re:Mystery Pits by EvilBudMan · · Score: 1

      --Unconditional surrender is no choice at all--

      Exactly in war you don't give the enemy a choice but to completely give up or he will come back in 20 to 30 years to fight you again. War is horrible but once you are in it mercy towards the enemy (the ones shooting at you) will not serve you well. It was tried in WWI and didn't work so we had to fight WWII with unconditional surrender.

      It looks like it worked out pretty good for the world. It cut way down on Nazi's, suicide bombers in Japan and put all of those countries much better off now than they were before.

      Would you rather live under Nazi rule and their attitudes towards race?

    345. Re:Mystery Pits by mudimba · · Score: 1

      Yeah, so all the terrorists need to do is assemble a team of physicists with the brain power and knowledge of Oppenheimer, Feynman, Fermi, etc.

    346. Re:Mystery Pits by dryeo · · Score: 1

      You mean like rich Saudi Arabian's hiring a bunch of out of work Russian physicists? They don't need quite as much brain power as they do know it can be done and quite possibly are experienced.

      --
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism
    347. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And yet the first time a team of engineers tried to build one, it worked. They didn't even have a supercomputer to do simulations on.

      Exactly. Other posters are talking about the difficulty of getting the explosive lenses exactly right, and that the slightest error will result in a fizzle. They could be right, but I'm not so sure. It is certainly true that the explosives experts had great difficulty in getting the lenses to exactly symmetrically compress the test spheres. In fact, even in the tests right before the actual Trinity test, they failed to perform a perfect compression of the test sphere. However, they went ahead with the Trinity test anyway, and lo and behold, it works fine. This either means that a) they finally figured out exactly what was wrong between the last explosives test and the Trinity test or b) the Pu does not need to be compressed exactly for the device to detonate rather than fizzle.

    348. Re:Mystery Pits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Believe me, all states of war are equal when you're on the wrong end of an enemy weapon.

      Pat Tillman's family would add, "... or the wrong end of a 'friendly weapon'", even though our brave government didn't ever want them to know that.

  2. when will it by mikerubin · · Score: 1

    show up on ebay?

    --
    I sat down to write a new sig tonight and all I did was make the chair warm.
    1. Re:when will it by bwthomas · · Score: 4, Insightful

      When someone sees an image of the Virgin Mary burned into their face from the radiation.

    2. Re:when will it by morgan_greywolf · · Score: 1

      You mean like this guy?

    3. Re:when will it by DaveAtFraud · · Score: 1

      I'll bid. I bet it would go really well next to my boxes of trinitite and my copy of "Enola Gay" autographed by Paul Tibbets. Unfortunately, the CAF won't sell me their B-29 so I could have all of the pieces.

      Cheers,
      Dave

      --
      They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither safety nor liberty.
      Ben
  3. Junior high all over again by Anthony_Cargile · · Score: 2, Funny

    For some reason, just seeing the word "dump" in the title first brought feces to mind (cue word association, /. therapists).

    1. Re:Junior high all over again by Idiomatick · · Score: 1

      Yes I see. And how does that make you feel?

    2. Re:Junior high all over again by RincewindTVD · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      The rapists?
      Your word asociation is worse than you thought!

    3. Re:Junior high all over again by Anthony_Cargile · · Score: 1

      Sean Connery on slashdot?! Now all we need is Alex and some buzzers...

    4. Re:Junior high all over again by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      For some reason, just seeing the word "high" in the title brought an idea to mind ...

    5. Re:Junior high all over again by cbiltcliffe · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      I've heard of toxic shit, but this is ridiculous!!!

      --
      "City hall" in German is "Rathaus" Kinda explains a few things......
  4. File 13 by Zymergy · · Score: 4, Interesting

    When in doubt, always check File 13.

    No political statement intended, but it would be surprising if one day the government contractors doing cleanup also found a more/less completed Nuclear weapon warhead buried in a trash pit too.
    Makes one wonder what Russia still has buried in their "nuclear trash pits"?
    I am sure Mike Rowe will Not be going to film that Dirty Job... (But I would certainly watch it if he ever did... as I imagine seeing Barsky fall in a pit of Nuclear Waste as Mike kiddingly mocks him... /chuckle)

    1. Re:File 13 by Bearhouse · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Makes one wonder what Russia still has buried in their "nuclear trash pits"?

      Stuff you would not believe, ranging from nuclear-powered generators (for remote installations) that were abandoned all over the ex-Soviet Union on its collapse, to six nuclear submarines and ten reactor cores that were just dumped into the Artic...

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara_Sea

      This not counting the nukes they lost at sea, or are still rusting away awaiting decomm.

    2. Re:File 13 by CodeBuster · · Score: 1

      but it would be surprising if one day the government contractors doing cleanup also found a more/less completed Nuclear weapon warhead buried in a trash pit too.

      From the wiki article on the History of Nuclear Weapons:

      "Following air accidents U.S. nuclear weapons have been lost near Atlantic City, New Jersey (1957); Savannah, Georgia (1958) (see Tybee Bomb); Goldsboro, North Carolina (1961); off the coast of Okinawa (1965); in the sea near Palomares, Spain (1966) (see 1966 Palomares B-52 crash); and near Thule, Greenland (1968) (see 1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash). Most of the lost weapons were recovered, the Spanish device after three months' effort by the DSV Alvin and DSV Aluminaut.

      The Soviet Union was less forthcoming about such incidents, but the environmental group Greenpeace believes that there are around forty non-U.S. nuclear devices that have been lost and not recovered, compared to eleven lost by America, mostly in submarine disasters. The U.S. has tried to recover Soviet devices, notably in the 1974 Operation Jennifer using the specialist salvage vessel Hughes Glomar Explorer."

      One would hope that those weapons not recovered because they were not intact (i.e. they couldn't find all of the pieces), but the records of various governments around the world do nothing to assuage real concern(s) that embarassing incidents were not simply covered up and forgotten. In fact, such occurances have been fodder for a number of fictional thriller type stories over the years including a Tom Clancy novel which was made into a movie, Sum of All Fears (although they changed the bad guys in the film to Nazis because they didn't want to offend the Islamists...sheesh no backbone in Hollywood these days).

    3. Re:File 13 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Everyone interested in this thread should read The Leaky Establishment by David Langford.

    4. Re:File 13 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      no wonder the ice cap is melting-you would too with all that crap boiling at your bottom

  5. Researchers by planckscale · · Score: 4, Funny

    By "Researchers" they mean "Homeland Security officers" who were contacted by "Police" who were contacted by "Hospital Staff" who had become sickened by "vagrants" admitted to emergency rooms with strange "green glowing skin" who had admitted to trying to sell a "Safe" they found in the "dump".

    --
    Namaste
    1. Re:Researchers by jonwil · · Score: 1

      Radiation does not make stuff (including people) glow green, thats an invention of TV and movies.

    2. Re:Researchers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Oh my god its all melted and purple! Were seeing the
      Chernkov effect!

      MELTDOWN RUN FOR YOUR LIVES!

    3. Re:Researchers by gparent · · Score: 2, Informative

      Woosh!

    4. Re:Researchers by Scrameustache · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Radiation does not make stuff (including people) glow green, thats an invention of TV and movies.

      Radioluminescent paint was invented in 1908 and originally incorporated radium-226. The toxicity of radium was not initially understood, and radium-based paint saw widespread use in, for example, watches and aircraft instruments. During the 1920s and 1930s, the harmful effects of this paint became increasingly clear. A notorious case involved the "Radium Girls", a group of women who painted watchfaces and later suffered adverse health effects from ingestion.

      --

      You can't take the sky from me...

    5. Re:Researchers by afidel · · Score: 1

      Actually different isotopes can glow green or purple depending on what kind of water (normal or heavy) they are in and what kind of impurities are present. You see this all the time when they show long term storage pools or moderator pools for things like industrial irradiation plants.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    6. Re:Researchers by dangitman · · Score: 1

      Radiation does not make stuff (including people) glow green,

      Nonsense. Put a green filter over a flashlight. In a darkened room, point it at your skin. Your skin is now glowing green because of electromagnetic radiation.

      --
      ... and then they built the supercollider.
    7. Re:Researchers by afidel · · Score: 1

      Very cool, I knew of the effect and had a basic understanding of the cause but that was quite informative. Thank you, you've added to my list of thing's I've learned this week =)

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    8. Re:Researchers by cbiltcliffe · · Score: 1

      involved the "Radium Girls"

      Sounds like a good name for an all-girl punk rock band.....

      --
      "City hall" in German is "Rathaus" Kinda explains a few things......
    9. Re:Researchers by LordKazan · · Score: 1

      Radiation can create colored glows.. what do you think the Aurora are?

      oh and btw

      "A few curies (1 curie equals 37 gigabecquerels) of 210Po emit a blue glow which is caused by excitation of surrounding air." - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium

      --
      If you cannot keep politics out of your moderation remove yourself from the Mod Lottery.. NOW!
    10. Re:Researchers by Hao+Wu · · Score: 1

      By "Researchers" they mean "Homeland Security officers" who were contacted by "Police" who were contacted by "Hospital Staff" who had become sickened by "vagrants" admitted to emergency rooms with strange "green glowing skin" who had admitted to trying to sell a "Safe" they found in the "dump".

      By "nerds" Slashdot means "kids who play video games"... whose quick use of Google is used to fake their "intelligence"....

      --
      I suggest you read Slashdot
    11. Re:Researchers by snerdy · · Score: 1

      The situation has changed. Your description, updated to reflect the latest events, should now read like this:

      By "Researchers" they mean "zombies" who were contacted by "zombies" who were contacted by "zombies" who had become sickened by "zombies" admitted to emergency rooms with strange "zombie skin" who had admitted to trying to sell a "brain" they found in the "dump".

      Send more researchers.

    12. Re:Researchers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sounds like the plot of a b-movie...

    13. Re:Researchers by Scrameustache · · Score: 1

      involved the "Radium Girls"

      Sounds like a good name for an all-girl punk rock band.....

      Throw in some green fluorescent body paint and you got yourself an act!

      --

      You can't take the sky from me...

  6. Worth a read - interesting article by Bearhouse · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Apparantly the stuff was actually discovered in 2004, but it's taken them this long to do the scientific detective work to figure out where this particular sample came from.

    Scary picture of the rusty unearthed safe & dirty glass bottle full of 99.96% pure plutomium here:
    http://www.newscientist.com/gallery/dn16447-hanford-site/

    1. Re:Worth a read - interesting article by A.+B3ttik · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I'll say. And it's even more interesting if you do some research, too.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium-239 shows that Plutonium-239 is really hard to make and come by... anything more pure than 94% is considered weapons grade and anything more pure than 97% is considered "super grade."

      What's more is that after doing some calculations, it looks like you only need about 510cc of the stuff to reach critical mass and there's 400cc here. Could this have been dangerous in the wrong hands?

      The article is full of its own questions. There's still a mystery as to how the safe was contaminated and why this sample wasn't used in a bomb sooner. The article treats these questions like ancient history, but aren't there people alive and around who can answer them? Weren't there records kept?

      Further investigation is warranted.

    2. Re:Worth a read - interesting article by pclminion · · Score: 1

      Scary picture of the rusty unearthed safe & dirty glass bottle full of 99.96% pure plutomium here:

      How can it be 99.96% pure when the half-life of plutonium-239 is 24100 years? Even if it started out 100% pure, it would take only 14 years to decay to 99.96% purity. This stuff is supposedly older than that.

      0.5 ^ (n / 24100) = 0.9996
      (n / 24100) * log 0.5 = log 0.9996
      n / 24100 = log 0.9996 / log 0.5 = 0.000577193463
      n = 24100 * 0.000577193463 ~= 13.9

    3. Re:Worth a read - interesting article by shadwstalkr · · Score: 4, Funny

      The real shame is that Doc Brown never had to get involved with terrorists after all.

    4. Re:Worth a read - interesting article by A.+B3ttik · · Score: 4, Informative

      When they talk about Purity, they mean how pure it is in terms of P-240. The amount of P-240 is usually determined upon creation conditions, since it is -very- difficult to separate P-239 from P-240.

      Now, P-239 decays into U-235, and it -is- easy to chemically separate them.

      All of this I learned in the last 10 minutes.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium-239

    5. Re:Worth a read - interesting article by afidel · · Score: 2, Informative

      According to this site the core of Fat Man was ~13.6 lbs or ~6,200g. Pu239 has a density of a little under 20g/cm^3 so the core of Fat Man was ~300cc. Fat Man used a subcritical mass of Pu detonated through the compression mechanism but it just goes to show that a weapon could have been created from the sample assuming the isotope mix hadn't degraded too badly.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    6. Re:Worth a read - interesting article by Heather+D · · Score: 1

      What's more is that after doing some calculations, it looks like you only need about 510cc of the stuff to reach critical mass and there's 400cc here. Could this have been dangerous in the wrong hands?

      Not especially. Its useless for making a fission capable nuclear device fortunately. It could make a pretty nasty poison but I doubt it could do a lot of damage over a large area in terms of mortality. There are also better, cheaper, easier to obtain poisons available. The stuff could make a big, expensive, politically 'hot' mess though.

    7. Re:Worth a read - interesting article by damien_kane · · Score: 1

      The other 0.04% is other isotopes of Plutonium.
      Plutonium doesn't decay into more plutonium, so the relative purity of the plutonium itself is unchanged, once the decay products are removed.

      Iron coated in Iron Oxide (rust) is still Iron if you grind off the rust.

    8. Re:Worth a read - interesting article by Raenex · · Score: 1

      The article treats these questions like ancient history, but aren't there people alive and around who can answer them?

      That was over 60 years ago. Somebody who was 30 then would be over 90 years old.

      Weren't there records kept?

      Maybe they were as well kept as this plutonium?

    9. Re:Worth a read - interesting article by cashman73 · · Score: 1

      Big deal! It's still not available in every corner drugstore!

    10. Re:Worth a read - interesting article by gregbot9000 · · Score: 1

      Could this have been dangerous in the wrong hands?

      Oh hell yeah, if by wrong hands you mean ones without a glove.

      Other than that not really, since you still need 100cc of high grade plutonium, which is near impossible to make if you aren't an industrialized nation.

    11. Re:Worth a read - interesting article by chgros · · Score: 1

      So given that Pu-239 is more stable, it would have *increased* in purity over the years...

    12. Re:Worth a read - interesting article by Voyager529 · · Score: 1

      Libya hasn't been in the news recently, so maybe he has...

    13. Re:Worth a read - interesting article by EvilBudMan · · Score: 1

      I think that this sample was reprocessed from U-235 that came from Oak Ridge instead of being reactor bread like most Pu-239 that came from Hanford therefore, according to the Wikipedia, it shouldn't have much P-240 in there in the first place.

      In theory you should be able to make a gun weapon from Pu-239 if the purity is 100%. In reality well...someone else can fill in the blanks....

    14. Re:Worth a read - interesting article by HiddenCamper · · Score: 1

      The other issue is accidently causing a positive reflectivity that would reduce the required critical mass. In laymens terms if you reflect neutrons back in the right way, all the sudden the thing can go critical with a smaller amount. There are many research accidents of this nature and people are instantly given a death sentence when exposed to this kind of radiation. It is very dangerous to handle and clean up

    15. Re:Worth a read - interesting article by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It is a error by the new scientist journalist. In the original article they say that there were 400 milliliters of slurry of plutonium metal in a clear liqud in the bottle, containing "several hundred milligrams of Pu".

    16. Re:Worth a read - interesting article by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The real shame is that Doc Brown (snip)

      That's Doktor Braun to you.

  7. All across the jersey shore the sounds of shovels by plasmacutter · · Score: 1

    All across the jersey shore the sounds of shovels can be heard as terrorists smell pay-dirt.

    Fortunately, there's enough garbage there to keep them searching until theyre all dead.

    A much more interesting form of self-enforcement than the TSA, don't you think?

    --
    VLC FOR MAC IS DYING! IF YOU DEVELOP, PLEASE SAVE IT!!
  8. K.A.B.O.O.M. by brindafella · · Score: 1

    We now see the real work of the Key Atomic Benefits Office Of Mankind (K.A.B.O.O.M.)... a fictional organization in the film "The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear".

    --
    Looking at space, radio, science and computing from a 'down-under' amateur enthusiast perspective.
  9. DHS fail? by MoFoQ · · Score: 1

    man...this could be the plot of another season of 24.

  10. Best Before End ... by orkysoft · · Score: 1

    My guess is that it's probably not weapons-grade anymore, but of course still suitable for a dirty bomb.

    Ob. /. joke: This belongs in a museum!

    --

    I suffer from attention surplus disorder.
    1. Re:Best Before End ... by Silicon+Jedi · · Score: 1

      Yes, because the 64 years of sitting around is almost 0.27 percent, man that's no way weapons grade (IANANS)

  11. Zinc is by far the best element by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

    I also like plutonium. It's just fun to say. Plutonium. 'How's your plutonium?' 'Good, thank you.'

    1. Re:Zinc is by far the best element by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You are aware that you now get a vicious beating, right?

    2. Re:Zinc is by far the best element by WilyCoder · · Score: 1

      Fatty McGee, you're the fattest!

  12. Nuclear Dump by Pinckney · · Score: 4, Informative

    It's worth noting that the sample was found at Hanford, a dedicated nuclear site. It's a radioactive mess, and the sample was not contained safely, but it's not as if they found it at a typical municipal dump.

    1. Re:Nuclear Dump by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      the sample was not contained safely, but it's not as if they found it at a typical municipal dump.

      I'd say it was contained quite "safely" if you'll excuse the pun.

    2. Re:Nuclear Dump by ivan256 · · Score: 1

      As far as nuclear waste goes, this stuff isn't so dangerous. It's what you can make it into that is scary.

    3. Re:Nuclear Dump by twiddlingbits · · Score: 1

      It's not that toxic as nuclear waste goes, but I wouldn't go ingesting it and handling it without protections. As long as you avoid getting close to it's critical mass you'll be OK..but if it gets close to critical mass then it's tossing off neutrons and gamma radiation. That will kill you. There have been several accidents of this type, but no one has died from ingestion as it's not really metabolized by the body, nor is it cleared out. It just sits there giving off alpha radiation. 20 yrs later you have lung, bone or liver cancer, which is pretty scary if you ask me!

    4. Re:Nuclear Dump by chill · · Score: 4, Informative

      Tell it to the downwinders. In 1945 alone Hanford released over 500,000 curies of radioactive iodine into the air. Three Mile Island, by comparison, released about 20 curies by accident and everyone freaked out.

      --
      Learning HOW to think is more important than learning WHAT to think.
    5. Re:Nuclear Dump by Scrameustache · · Score: 1

      the sample was not contained safely

      They DID lock it in a safe!
      Give 'em points for effort.

      --

      You can't take the sky from me...

    6. Re:Nuclear Dump by tcolberg · · Score: 1

      If they had buried the plutonium in a lead safe, they would have had radioactive AND lead-contaminated ground water. They were only looking out for the environmentalists!

    7. Re:Nuclear Dump by bucky0 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      not knocking the effects of those people, but I wonder how many curies a typical person downwind of a coal plant receives.

      --

      -Bucky
    8. Re:Nuclear Dump by kabocox · · Score: 1

      In 1945 alone Hanford released over 500,000 curies of radioactive iodine into the air. Three Mile Island, by comparison, released about 20 curies by accident and everyone freaked out.

      Well duh. We happen to smart enough to regulate power producers. We haven't yet learned to be smart enough to regulate trash folks though. This applies to every form of power though not just nuclear. ;)

    9. Re:Nuclear Dump by ivan256 · · Score: 1

      Yeah, but radioactive iodine is far more radioactive.

      This plutonium has a half-life of over 20,000 years. That means it emits radiation at a very low rate. Radioactive iodine has a halflife of mere hours. So even a small amount emits a high dose of radiation.

      I'd feel relatively safe sitting in a room with that jar of plutonium (I'd be more afraid of guys coming in with guns to steal it than of the radiation). I wouldn't want to go anywhere near a quantity of radioactive iodine.

    10. Re:Nuclear Dump by hondo77 · · Score: 1

      I like curry.

      --
      I live ze unknown. I love ze unknown. I am ze unknown.
    11. Re:Nuclear Dump by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      the sample was not contained safely

      Unfortunately, the USA still has not approved a container for storage and transport of weapons-grade plutonium. Other than inside a bomb. The rest of our decommissioned plutonium is stuck in 55gal drums in WW1-era weapons bunkers at Pantex. Some of these drums are in terrible condition - steel rusts quickly with strong radiation sources inside (the solid-state temp of these plutonium cores, iirc, is around 500F).

      The plutonium was probably better off inside this safe for now until we start funding a project to figure out a new container to put it in.

    12. Re:Nuclear Dump by HiddenCamper · · Score: 1

      Scary to think i'm going to be working in that area in about 2 weeks. Either way, the hanford site supposedly has some radiation leaks going on (into the river no less). "Had" might be the word to use, but these are just things ive been hearing. the hanford site is where the majority of the US's weapons grade nuclear material was created, they had over 5 nuclear reactors processing fuel on site. It has been shut down for a while now, but it is considered the worst US waste site. A lot is being put in to ensure a proper cleanup, but it takes a lot of time to clean up the waste on this level without exposing it to the outside.

    13. Re:Nuclear Dump by Rich0 · · Score: 1

      I knew a guy who had some involvement with their cleanup efforts. I heard some scary stuff.

      Apparently they just dumped stuff in tanks and only kept the loosest records of what it was. Then they pumped stuff around from tank to tank. According to the paper trail some tanks once contained 10X their total volumes or more (which is obviously an error).

      Most of the stuff by volume is just chemical sludge of various kinds - most of which could probably be safely incinerated. The problem is that it is laced with all kinds of nasty isotopes, and it is very hard to separate them. The tanks were subject to all kinds of chemistry (which is why chemists don't normally mix thousands of gallons of various waste streams into million gallon tanks without a care for what was already in the tank). A big risk is just chemical explosions that could send radioactive materials flying everywhere.

      On top of that much of the cleanup work (such as chemical analysis of the tank contents) was done in a shoddy way.

      Somebody really needs to just start going through the mess one tank at a time with a huge budget and start cleaning things up...

    14. Re:Nuclear Dump by chill · · Score: 1

      Yeah, I know. I remember when I lived in Cocoa Beach, FL and the Cassini space probe was being launched. It is powered by plutonium dioxide and there were lots of protests. They had to make sure the wind was blowing out to the Atlantic before they would launch, just in case it exploded and powdered plutonium rained down and people breathed it. Chunks weren't a concern, but breathing in the powdered stuff was considered a painful kiss of death.

      --
      Learning HOW to think is more important than learning WHAT to think.
    15. Re:Nuclear Dump by aluminum_geek · · Score: 1
    16. Re:Nuclear Dump by juan2074 · · Score: 1

      A spoonful of black pepper chased down with a shot of vodka clears everything.

  13. A little insight.. by Kral_Blbec · · Score: 5, Informative

    I have personally visited the fields where they doing all this. The term "waste pit" is misleading. A lot of stuff was stuffed in 55gal drums and buried in rows underground just because they didnt know what to do with it. It was always intended to go back and clean them up, but due to delays they have been there longer than expected. It wasnt just thrown out in a big pile.

    There is a huge tent on rollers (about football field size) that has a crane mechanism hanging from the ceiling. The barrels (and some boxes) are mostly rusted really bad so digging is done very slowly to avoid busting any. Those that are judged to be too weak are packed into a larger barrel that fits over the old one. There is also a ventilation trailer that has automated drills to pierce drums that are under pressure slowly to release gases so they dont explode. Its really pretty cool how they have it set up.

    They just didnt know any better back then, and there was no way for them to have guessed what would happen with all that stuff. Unfortunately work on the vitrification plant is constantly delayed due to red-tape, but when it gets up and running then that will be a major break through.

    Note: Most of the stuff in these barrels is solid. The liquid stuff are held in huge (over a million gallon) tanks. Those are also being replaced.

    1. Re:A little insight.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      You might want to mention the fact the water tanks have leaked and the contaminated ground water is nearing a river that provides water to a major city. Hanford is one of the worst nuclear messes in this nation's history and it's the gift that keeps on giving since the clean up has barely started and we're talking 60+ years since it was opened. I keep hearing industry is doing much better then you hear about millions of gallons of coal slag cutting loose contaminating an area. They knew about the cracks in the retaining levees they just didn't do anything about it. The government and corporations both do what is cheapest and most expedient. It's why I don't trust either group to do the right thing with nuclear power they will do what is most profitable and leave it to the government to clean up the mess and we can see how well Hanford is going.

    2. Re:A little insight.. by coopaq · · Score: 1

      "I have personally visited the fields where they doing all this. The term "waste pit" is misleading. A lot of stuff was stuffed in 55gal drums and buried in rows underground just because they didnt know what to do with it."

      You should visit my office. Sounds like the legacy code I maintain these days.

    3. Re:A little insight.. by afidel · · Score: 1

      Hanford is also the site where the DoE is trying a really cool bio-remediation project. The scary thing is that the mobile Pu is only one small part of the nastiness in the groundwater there, they have to chemically treat the water with multiple steps in order to get it clean enough for the bacteria to survive long enough to accomplish the remediation.

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    4. Re:A little insight.. by Jane+Q.+Public · · Score: 2, Informative

      A company I used to work for has also done some consulting work re: hazardous waste remediation at the Hanford site.

      You paint much too pretty a picture.

      Yes they did know better, but they counted on people coming in later to clean things up. Of course, the problem is that this same situation went on for many decades, and nobody came in to clean it up. Therefore, the old single-walled storage tanks (not just drums but many very large tanks) rusted and otherwise deteriorated and developed leaks. And these leaks were known about long before anybody actually tried to clean things up. It was demonstrated that some of these tanks had been leaking radioactive waste into the groundwater long enough that some of that contaminated groundwater reached the Columbia River, over 20 years ago!

      About 10 or 15 years ago, one of the large storage tanks actually exploded (from chemical reactions), but any attempt at cleanup or remediation were delayed because there were no records kept of what kind of reactive chemicals or radioactive materials were in that tank! (There were both.)

      And so on. Those are only a few examples. The Hanford site is nothing short of an almost unbelievable disaster area.

    5. Re:A little insight.. by KlaymenDK · · Score: 1

      I submit that back in those days, they really did not know any better; as with everything else there's a learning curve and you'll have to start out with "drafts" something you know in advance is less than ideal but the best you can currently do.

      Let me just take this opportunity to mention Deep Time*, a quite riveting article about a vast underground nuclear waste facility. They surely have learned something since the 40s, but it seems there's still quite a ways to go to the top of that learning curve.

      * Sadly, I only know of Part 1. If anyone knows of any sequels I'd be happy to hear. Thanks.

    6. Re:A little insight.. by eclectro · · Score: 1

      he Hanford site is nothing short of an almost unbelievable disaster area.

      Not almost unbelievable, but completely unbelievable. There is so much contanimation that parts of the site have been declared "National sacrifice areas" on maps. The conditions in the liquid waste tanks is such that they are rusting and leaking. From all the radioactive decay they generate large amounts of heat. There are possibilities that pockets of this material can reach criticality and explode, or get hot enough to ignite the hydrogen gas and explode that way. In either case releasing a large toxic cloud. They have installed stirrers in some of the tanks to try and prevent this from happening.

      --
      Take the cheese to sickbay, the doctor should see it as soon as possible - B'Elanna Torres, "Learning Curve"
    7. Re:A little insight.. by Rich0 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      And of course the stirrers themselves just become more radioactive waste. I heard about that project maybe 15 years ago - there was some concern that these stirrers would just break down over a few years, and they would be unservicable since they were immersed in a million gallons of highly radioactive sludge. I wonder how it is working out...?

  14. Very surprising... by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 1

    Not that they would be sloppy about disposal, history conclusively demonstrates that people, unless forced to do otherwise, don't care about proper disposal; but that they would dump that much pure plutonium.

    Particularly in the early days, before processes were refined, highly pure samples of any of the exotic radioisotopes would have cost a bloody fortune, well more than their weight in gold. Not to mention the whole trying-to-get-the-Bomb-as-fast-as-possible thing. I'd expect to find radioactive trash all over the place; but finding a good size plutonium sample is pretty surprising.

    1. Re:Very surprising... by LWATCDR · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Not if you read the story.
      The safe was contaminated. Probably by some very nasty but short lived stuff. So the did the "safe" thing by 1944/45 standards. They buried it.
      Now the really nasty stuff is gone.

      --
      See my blog http://ilovecookes.blogspot.com/ for light hearted technical information.
  15. I guess that by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Richard Feynman mustn't have had access to this particular safe.

    1. Re:I guess that by Qzukk · · Score: 1

      Richard Feynman mustn't have had access to this particular safe.

      He's probably out there thinking "so that's where I put my aftershave!"

      --
      If I have been able to see further than others, it is because I bought a pair of binoculars.
    2. Re:I guess that by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Whoosh

    3. Re:I guess that by Perf · · Score: 1

      If it had only been stored in a drum...

    4. Re:I guess that by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Whoosh

      I'd give my left nut for mod points, because some of us got the joke. Fortunately for me, none of the mods want my left nut :)

    5. Re:I guess that by metamechanical · · Score: 1

      It was probably before he learned what the factory default combinations were :-)

      --
      If I had a nickel for every time I had a nickel, I'd be richcursive!
    6. Re:I guess that by catbertscousin · · Score: 1

      Hey, give them a break - they were security conscious enough to change the factory default combinations before they buried it. ;)

      --
      No good deed goes unpunished. - Avon, Blake's 7
  16. 24000 year half life by EmbeddedJanitor · · Score: 1

    With a 24000 half life it has gone from 99.96% to approx 99.85%. This stuff is still green. You need to keep it for at least 10k years to be cellar matured.

    --
    Engineering is the art of compromise.
  17. "dump" by lucky130 · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    "Oldest Weapons-grade Plutonium Found In Dump"

    Man, that's one powerful deuce...

  18. Do we really know any better now? by EmbeddedJanitor · · Score: 2, Interesting
    Whenever I see "They didn't know better back then." I get that feeling that in 50 years time they'll be saying the same of us - those dumb bastards that lived with that pathetic 2009 technology.

    I'm sure those guys back then were just as smug about their technology as we are now.

    --
    Engineering is the art of compromise.
    1. Re:Do we really know any better now? by Kral_Blbec · · Score: 1

      Nah, we have too many lawyers now. If anything they will look back and say "You morons, if you would just have thrown the lawyers and enviromentalist wackos out the window and just done the work you could have it cleaned up by now."

      The currant big opposition to the vit plant now are seagulls nesting in the framework. Can't just shoot em though. That would not be earth friendly.

    2. Re:Do we really know any better now? by dbIII · · Score: 1

      If we use vitrification it will be dumb 1950s technology that doesn't work well (need to keep it dry forever) instead of the 2009 technology such as synrock. We could have had synrock in the 1970s if people hadn't been screaming about how "clean" nukes are and actually funded research a bit better.

    3. Re:Do we really know any better now? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Funny, Thats how I feel about religion.

      Unfortunately, I do not think it will be as soon as 50 years from now. it will probably be closer to 500... or even 5000.

      We always have heard that mankinds technological advance brings it closer and closer to being able to wipe itself out. It is never pointed out however, that that observation is simply the result. The cause of it will no doubt be religious in nature. The technology is just facilitating the underlying methodology.

    4. Re:Do we really know any better now? by OakDragon · · Score: 1

      Nah, we have too many lawyers now. If anything they will look back and say "You morons, if you would just have thrown the lawyers and enviromentalist wackos out the window and just done the work you could have it cleaned up by now."

      It sounds so easy when you say it.

  19. How is Saddam supposed to account for all his WMDs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

    Sorry if this is a bit off topic. If even the US can lose track of its weapons-grade plutonium, then how is Iraq supposed to account for all its nuclear WMD's before the Iraq war. I remembered EX-Pres Bush saying that unless Iraq comes clean with the accounting of the WMD's, then US will invade Iraq.
    Of course, in hind-sight, accounting for the WMD's is probably an excuse to invade anyway.

  20. More to be found by HangingChad · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Much more. Take a drive out there sometime. Mile after mile of desert. There is construction rubble, old reactors, contaminated pipes and equipment mixed with construction rubble. Even the stuff they know is there is bad. Tanks full of screaming hot radioactive waste that burp flammable gas. Can't stabilize it, can't remove it, and definitely no smoking near it. The cesium pool...no life guard on duty. N Springs, the canyon facilities. And that's just what we know about. There are certainly more finds like this one buried out there. More plutonium, uranium, americium, cesium, thorium, take your pickium there's a container of it buried out there, probably mixed with something toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic that's equally scary when it's not radioactive. They were in a hurry, didn't understand the risks, record keeping was...occasional...and what scientists did was not understood by the majority of people working out there and frequently not well regulated.

    I'm not saying it's good or bad, it is what it is out there. Just don't be surprised what turns up in a backhoe bucket out at Hanford.

    --
    That's our life, the big wheel of shit. - The Fat Man, Blue Tango Salvage
    1. Re:More to be found by Kral_Blbec · · Score: 1

      Actually its very clean. Sure its desert, but so is everything else for hundreds of miles around. Thats why they picked it. The first full scale operating reactor is now a public museum (as of last fall. Bus rides in are availible). Workers receive fewer REMs than citizens of Chicago from the ambient radiation. Sure mistakes were made, but its hardly the fallout 3 scenario you imply. Its all very closely monitored so nothing leaks. Everything that was done back then is being replaced/redone. The biggest problem now is lawyers. Enough is being done to keep it in the status quo, but too many realize that if they do ever finish then they loose their contract.

    2. Re:More to be found by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The Feds have signed an agreement with Washington state to remove the radioactive waste. Unfortunately the plan is to reprocess and stabilize it for disposal in Yucca Mountain. But the most optimistic time estimate is 2020 and Reid, Pelosi and Obama want to terminate Yucca Mountain and "study" the situation for 100-300 years before acting. Washington is not alone - civilian waste is piling up at riverside plant sites all over the eastern US. At some closed reactor sites, such as Maine Yankee, the waste storage containers are the most visible evidence of what had been there.

    3. Re:More to be found by HangingChad · · Score: 5, Interesting

      but its hardly the fallout 3 scenario you imply.

      Nah, I was there. There's a ton of crap out there. A lot of it we know about, a lot we still don't. A bunch has been cleaned up but it's a huge expanse of land that's been in use over 60 years. I personally found stuff buried in cabinets in labs that have been in use for decades that scared me. The researchers using that lab at the time had no idea it was there. People come and go out there all the time. Stuff gets left behind, the next person to use that space doesn't have a clue what went on there before and doesn't want to deal with the paperwork to get rid of it. Now apply that to hundreds of square miles of desert dedicated to producing weapons of mass destruction in a hurry. I'll take bizarre radioisotopes for 600, Alex. And the answer was always the daily double. Some of those projects were military, either secret or undocumented or both. And they tended to bury their mistakes.

      It's beautiful country, no doubt. And cancer rate in the area population, adjusted for age, is actually lower than the general population. Ambient radiation...depends where you're standing and when you were there. The iodine releases...those were bad but a long time ago. The old A & B reactors might be a museum now, but I don't think you'll ever get the grand tour of the canyon facilities in the 200 Area. There are a lot of doors in those you wouldn't want to open. The K Basins, the rod pools...I wonder if those cases have corroded all the way through yet? I'd be surprised if they got those cleaned up, it was hard to even handle them. There were rooms full of rotting rods.

      The real problem with the cleanup is a lack of will to get it done, not necessarily the contractors. I was on a site one day...15 contractors standing around, half of them half-way into protective equipment. I asked why everyone was standing around and they said they had to wait for a mandatory safety lecture but the person giving it was late. 45 minutes later some dude shows up and gives them a five minute pep talk on slip, trip and fall hazards. Cornered him on his way off site and asked if he knew how much money went down the drain because he couldn't get there on time. He was furious. I got a call a couple days later...I won't tell you who from...but they were concerned about hearing that I wasn't a team player. Still not, but that's not here or there. Contractors are what they are and everyone has a lawyer, but the real problem is good old fashioned mismanagement.

      In short, you don't know shit. If you live in the Tri-Cities you only know what the PR people tell you. If you're DoE management, you definitely don't have a clue. If you work out there somewhere, you know your little space and that's it. If you're EPA or Ecology you know your projects but not the whole picture. If you do anything classified you don't talk to anyone else and no one knows what you really do. Everything is so compartmentalized, a lot of historical knowledge is long gone, and the Bush administration has been running things out there the last decade. The same people who brought us Katrina and Iraq supervising a hazmat cleanup. ROFL!

      --
      That's our life, the big wheel of shit. - The Fat Man, Blue Tango Salvage
    4. Re:More to be found by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm not saying it's good or bad, it is what it is out there. Just don't be surprised what turns up in a backhoe bucket out at Hanford.

      Jimmy Hoffa?

    5. Re:More to be found by clysher · · Score: 1

      As someone who lives, and works out at the site, I can say that you have a somewhat grim and limited view of the Hanford area. I in no way think they did a good job, they including my great-grandfather and grandfather, and father. However it is not nearly as bad as portrayed. I have personal insight to the things that are being fixed, or issues being resolved, and it is better than worse.

    6. Re:More to be found by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      In short, you don't know shit. If you live in the Tri-Cities you only know what the PR people tell you. If you're DoE management, you definitely don't have a clue. If you work out there somewhere, you know your little space and that's it. If you're EPA or Ecology you know your projects but not the whole picture. If you do anything classified you don't talk to anyone else and no one knows what you really do. Everything is so compartmentalized, a lot of historical knowledge is long gone, and the Bush administration has been running things out there the last decade.

      Right, nobody knows shit about this except you, and here you are on Slashdot exposing it all.

    7. Re:More to be found by Muad'Dave · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The tanks described in this paper scare me. Self-boiling, self-criticality, and they really don't know for sure what's in all those tanks.

      --
      Tiller's Rule: Never use a word in written form that you've only heard and never read. You will end up looking foolish.
    8. Re:More to be found by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You guys mod him Informative not flamebait? "A & B reactor" There is no A reactor.
        This person sounds like a typical libtard wanting to blame others mostly Bush for problems.

    9. Re:More to be found by dtjohnson · · Score: 1

      Honestly, you don't know what you're talking about. The problems with cleanup at the site are 1) money, 2) the usual technical difficulties working with radiological materials, 3) the sheer number and size of sites to be cleaned up, and 4) the geographical limitations of the Hanford site created by its size, remoteness, and difficulties of access.

      People like you come and go, always saying the same thing: 'Management is screwed up"..."contractors are screwed up"..."the plan is screwed up," etc.

      The guy who was late for that 'safety briefing?' Most likely, he had difficulties beyond his control such as maybe he couldn't find the location of the safety briefing because the location was poorly described, the only road to where he was going was closed for some sort of activity, he had difficulties with access badging, or something like that. Your comment automatically assumes the guy just overslept or something. LOL. Working at the site is a little like deep sea divers working at depth: it takes a lot of time to get to the action and back and deal with all of the related issues which results in limited on-scene time.

      The biggest issues at the site are not the K basins (which are moving along) or the 'canyon buildings' but the management of the underground storage tank waste, the reverse well contamination moving to the Columbia river, and the number and size of surface and subsurface contamination sites.

      There are no miracle managers or 'models of efficiency' that are going to 'solve' the Hanford cleanup problems, there is no magic technology that is going to dramatically ease the technical difficulties, and there is no quick shortcut to a cleanup. It's going to be a long slog for DECADES and it's going to cost a lot of money either to continue with the cleanup or to deal with the downstream problems if the cleanup doesn't happen effectively and all of that will be true, no matter who is President.

    10. Re:More to be found by Kral_Blbec · · Score: 1

      I was going to point that out myself. Nice catch :)

    11. Re:More to be found by juan2074 · · Score: 1

      Hell. I used to piss technetium when I worked in the 300 Area.

  21. word association by ChunderDownunder · · Score: 1

    Whereas I saw the words nuclear and safe in the summary and thought nature reserve

  22. Re:How is Saddam supposed to account for all his W by pclminion · · Score: 1

    You're talking about something that was lost in 1951, not 2003. The Cold War wasn't even fully fired up yet. Speaking of hindsight, yes, this kind of thing should probably have been recorded. Maybe it was, somewhere on some piece of paper that was lost or burned or simply misplaced. It seems easy to forget how much computers help us organize information now.

  23. Re:All across the jersey shore the sounds of shove by Tenebrousedge · · Score: 1
    --
    Those who advocate genocide deserve every protection afforded by law, and none afforded by common human decency.
  24. Amen to that by Weaselmancer · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Nuclear isotopes were treated with quite a degree of reckleness for a good many years.

    It's amazing how they treated plutonium like a bag of groceries back then. Best example of that is the Demon Core. A sphere of plutonium that killed two scientists, Harry Daghlian and Louis Slotin. In two different critical exposures.

    Both times were simply the experimenter being clumsy. Dropping a brick or bumping a screwdriver. The core would go near-critical and make a flash of radiation. Louis Slotin lasted 9 days, and Harry Daghlian made it 21.

    --
    Weaselmancer
    rediculous.
    1. Re:Amen to that by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      When you're fighting a real war, things like "safety" take on a slightly different meaning.

  25. Japan wanted to surrender and USA didn't accept? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    The atomic bomb did not remove Japan's desire to wage war, three offers of surrender previous to the bomb would indicate that their desire was basically gone already.

    [Citation needed]

    Or, less tersely, your assertion flies in the face of everything I have read about World War II.

    Hmm, let's consult Wikipedia.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan

    By the end of 1944 and the beginning of 1945, the Japan campaign was underway as Allied forces closed in on the home islands and an invasion of Japan seemed inevitable if the war continued. By the end of January 1945, some Japanese officials close to the Emperor were seeking surrender terms which would protect his position. These proposals, sent through both British and American channels were assembled by General Douglas MacArthur into a 40-page dossier and given to President Roosevelt on February 2, two days before the Yalta conference. The dossier was reportedly dismissed by Roosevelt out of hand -- the proposals all included the condition that Emperor's position would be assured, albeit possibly as a puppet ruler. At this time, however, the allied policy was to accept only an unconditional offer of surrender. Additionally, these proposals were strongly opposed by powerful members of the Japanese government itself and thus can not be said to represent the true willingness of Japan to surrender at this time. Those opposed included members of the Supreme War Council Anami, Umezu and Toyoda.

    So, I guess there was sort of an offer to surrender, but President Roosevelt was not willing to accept the conditions, and it's not clear that the Japanese government as a whole would have gone along with it even had it been accepted.

  26. A native's perspective. by eggman9713 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Although this area is the site of a great deal of mistakes and consequences resulting from negligence back in the day, those of us who live here are proud of our history....And the fact that we are our own nightlights! But I digress, the community that has been formed around this area is just one of those gems that makes you want to live here for a very long time. I have lived here my whole life and the history, the community, and the natural beauty of the area are what keep me here. If anyone wants to see a great documentary of what happened out there, and how much crap is being cleaned up, buy the DVD Arid Lands from sidelongfilms.com. From a native's perspective, it is the best explanation and analysis of the history and community that I have ever seen.

    1. Re:A native's perspective. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      WTF?! Let me get this straight... You want to live next to a unregulated contaminated nuclear waste dump? This is a place full of crap that they didn't understand by then. Most of it not even contained.

    2. Re:A native's perspective. by Your+Momi · · Score: 1

      Yeah, I just moved to the area, and I agree, eggman: this place rocks! The natural beauty, the lovely green backlighting in Richland at night... heh. I have a friend who grew up here and then moved to Western WA... she had all the kids at school convinced that her dog had two tails and that she glowed in the dark. ;)

  27. Beaten up old safe? by shadowbearer · · Score: 1

    "It was unearthed in a waste pit at Hanford, Washington, inside a beaten up old safe."

      Someone tag this Feynman ;D

    SB

    --
    It's old. The more humans I meet, the more I like my cats. At least they are honest.
  28. Nuclear Bombing of Hiroshima/Nagasaki by KingAlanI · · Score: 1

    Versus a large loss of life amongst both American military and Japanese civilians in the event of a land invasion? (Yes, there was a huge death toll at Hiroshima/Nagasaki, but there certainly would have huge amounts of civilian collateral damage in

    Some Japanese were ready to surrender, but, then again, a lot weren't. Japanese military, and last-ditch defenders would further add to the death toll.

    The death of X people is definitely a tragedy, especially for large values of X. However, how is killing X people with a nuke worse than killing the same type of X people in conventional warfare?
    It's just more death per payload, and it makes a bigger statement, important to inducing psychological defeat.
    [Granted, this psychological warfare maneuver was at least in part to be directed at the Russkies; this part at least is disturbing]

    Honestly, it seems up in the air as to whether the A-bombs were necessary historically speaking, and some of the estimates and data have apparently been lost to time/are still classified.
    I can see both sides of the argument

    --
    I listen to both RIAA and non-RIAA stuff if I like the music, tangential business/politics nonwithstanding.
    1. Re:Nuclear Bombing of Hiroshima/Nagasaki by KingAlanI · · Score: 1

      Quotes that are food-for-thought; these are part of "the other side" - I find it interesting that they come form highly respected & highly ranked US military men of the era

      "Secretary of War Stimson, visiting my headquarters in Germany, informed me that our government was preparing to drop an atomic bomb on Japan. I was one of those who felt that there were a number of cogent reasons to question the wisdom of such an act. ... During his recitation of the relevant facts, I had been conscious of a feeling of depression and so I voiced to him my grave misgivings, first on the basis of my belief that Japan was already defeated and that dropping the bomb was completely unnecessary, and secondly because I thought that our country should avoid shocking world opinion by the use of a weapon whose employment was, I thought, no longer mandatory as a measure to save American lives. It was my belief that Japan was, at that very moment, seeking some way to surrender with a minimum loss of 'face'. The Secretary was deeply perturbed by my attitude... "
      -General Dwight D. Eisenhower
      http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower#Post presidency

      The Japanese had, in fact, already sued for peace before the atomic age was announced to the world with the destruction of Hiroshima and before the Russian entry into war. ... The atomic bomb played no decisive part, from a purely military standpoint, in the defeat of Japan.

              * Public statement quoted in The New York Times (6 October 1945)
      Chester Nimitz
      http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Chester_Nimitz

      --
      I listen to both RIAA and non-RIAA stuff if I like the music, tangential business/politics nonwithstanding.
    2. Re:Nuclear Bombing of Hiroshima/Nagasaki by ScrewMaster · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Honestly, it seems up in the air as to whether the A-bombs were necessary historically speaking, and some of the estimates and data have apparently been lost to time/are still classified.

      Not at all. Go read up on the fire raids the lead up to the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. They caused far more total destruction and loss of life than those two atom bombs did ... and that still wasn't enough to force an unconditional surrender. To the Germans, who were willing to acknowledge that they'd fucking lost the war it was a no-brainer, but the Japanese were a much tougher nut to crack.

      --
      The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
  29. Pit of ten thousand corpses by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    To be exact, the cost was much, much more than "hundreds of thousands of civilian Japanese lives."

    Ain't you people ever heard of "Pit of ten thousand corpses?"

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes

    Have you at least seen The bridge on the river Kwai?

    It was so sick they gave Nazis the heebie jeebies.

    Cheers,

    1. Re:Pit of ten thousand corpses by bitrex · · Score: 2, Insightful

      And said war crimes were promptly allowed to be forgotten by just about everyone except the parties involved, because it was politically expedient to do so. Japan can rewrite its history books as much as it pleases, and Amnesty International, the ADL, SPLC, and Human Rights Watch will stay as silent as a bunch of stone heads on Easter Island.

  30. I sense a disturbance in the force... by ErikTheRed · · Score: 0, Flamebait

    ...as if thousands of terrorists (and the dinner-jacket wearing leader of a certain country, but I repeat myself) are simultaneously slapping themselves on the forehead and saying "Doh!"

    --

    Help save the critically endangered Blue Iguana
  31. Re:How is Saddam supposed to account for all his W by ErikTheRed · · Score: 1

    It was explicitly stated in the armistice agreement that Hussien signed that when he got rid of his WMDs he had to save the receipt. So to speak.

    --

    Help save the critically endangered Blue Iguana
  32. Remember kids by nephridium · · Score: 1

    It's not so hard to protect yourself from thermo-nuclear war: Duck and cover!

    --


    And when you gaze long enough into the code, the code will also gaze into you.
  33. Back To The Future by Ukab+the+Great · · Score: 2, Funny

    If you could just find a Delorean in the same junkyard, you'd have one-stop shopping for a time machine.

  34. Could have been worse by actionbastard · · Score: 1

    The picture of the safe, the one with the purest Pu239 ever manufactured -99.96% purity- sitting in the 50 year old bottle of LaF3, the safe with its back ripped open by the idiot running the backhoe, yeah that one. What do you think this article would have been titled if that dumbass had broken that bottle and scattered that Pu239 all over the landscape? It's just dumb luck that it became a 'historical' find and didn't become a nuclear disaster.

    --
    Sig this!
    1. Re:Could have been worse by gatkinso · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Was one requirement of the dumbass's job that he be psychic, and be able to locate radioactive materials in office supply dumps simply thru sheer concentration?

      --
      I am very small, utmostly microscopic.
    2. Re:Could have been worse by ceoyoyo · · Score: 2, Interesting

      You know plutonium is a metal, right? It's not like you touch it with a backhoe and it suddenly explodes into a fine powder, raining down "all over the landscape."

      I suppose if the driver had rammed the backhoe into the core you might have ended up with two lumps of plutonium and a backhoe that needed to be scrapped.

    3. Re:Could have been worse by actionbastard · · Score: 1

      If you knew anything about the BiPO4 process that was used to produce the Pu239 at Hanford in the 1940's, you would be more concerned about the potential for a real problem had that bottle broken open and scattered the LaF3 -which is one of the 'carriers' for the Pu239 in this process and a fine powder- which would have "explode[d] into a fine powder, raining down 'all over the landscape'." The huge amounts of radioactive chemical waste that was generated by this process is one of the reasons why Hanford is the 'dirtiest' nuclear waste site in the world.

      --
      Sig this!
  35. I refuse to click on that link by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's an Australian link. And we know you guys censor the internet. So who knows what shenanigans you guys have going on there with your internet thingy.

    1. Re:I refuse to click on that link by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I can't imagine a censored Internet will have much impact on you, since your brain already seems to have filtering software installed.

  36. Parent is not insightful by geoffrobinson · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Germans didn't believe they lost, they believed they were betrayed. After WWII, they had a pretty good idea that they lost and lost badly and lost the will to fight any further.

    --
    Except for ending slavery, the Nazis, communism, & securing American independence, war has never solved anything.
  37. Actually... by Giant+Electronic+Bra · · Score: 1, Flamebait

    87% of the US manufacturing base is devoted to weapons manufacture. The US accounts for over 75% of all military expenditures, world wide, and over 50% is on our own military (not counting the costs of Iraq or Afghanistan).

    As to what percentage of the GDP that is, the 3% figure is highly conservative and only counts the direct costs of bombs, guns, payroll, and some of the cost of weapons development.

    The compounded cost of that wasted economic output is very high over time. Each year, even assuming 3% is the best figure, you loose 3% of your economic output which could have gone into growth without costing anyone a dime, net. The doubling time at 3% is what, 20 some odd years? So, starting in 1948 would make 60 years of this, so the economy is now roughly 1/2 the size it could be if we hadn't just plowed all that money into the ground.

    Now obviously the US couldn't entirely do without a military, but the total cost of the military was considerably over 3% too, so on the whole it looks to me like if we had HALVED our spending (so we're only 1/3 of the total world defense budget) we would be an economic powerhouse right now instead of being a basket case with a military that is still designed to fight the Russians in Europe.

    So your '3% is nothing in the grand scheme of things' is just a bit off ;).

    --
    "Malo periculosam, libertatem quam quietam servitutem." -- Jefferson
    1. Re:Actually... by _ivy_ivy_ · · Score: 3, Informative

      87% of the US manufacturing base is devoted to weapons manufacture. The US accounts for over 75% of all military expenditures, world wide, and over 50% is on our own military (not counting the costs of Iraq or Afghanistan).

      While I'm not necessarily disagreeing with you, do you have a citation for any of these bold claims?

    2. Re:Actually... by Savantissimo · · Score: 0, Flamebait

      It's even worse when you look at the proportion of engineering talent and investment diverted to destructive military and other classified purposes. It's not even like eating the seed corn, it's more like feeding it to vicious plague-infested rats.

      --
      "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?" - Patrick Henry
    3. Re:Actually... by Savage-Rabbit · · Score: 1

      87% of the US manufacturing base is devoted to weapons manufacture. The US accounts for over 75% of all military expenditures, world wide, and over 50% is on our own military (not counting the costs of Iraq or Afghanistan).

      Much of what is exported to other countries is then subsidised by the US treasury. Additionally military technology developed with taxpayer money is used by various US companies in their civilian products without any restrictions which makes it especially amusing when the US whines about the Europeans subsidising companies like Airbus.

      --
      Only to idiots, are orders laws.
      -- Henning von Tresckow
    4. Re:Actually... by OakDragon · · Score: 1

      87% of the US manufacturing base is devoted to weapons manufacture.

      This seems like an outlandish claim. How do you arrive at this figure?

  38. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 2, Informative

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  39. Actually... by Savage-Rabbit · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Our standing army and research and procurement programs during times of absolute peace are around 3% of GDP so it's been nothing in the grand scheme of things.

    ... military expenditures are a bit like unemployment figures. How high they are depends on how you do the math. It seems the actual US military/defence budget is just over 4% of GDP. For the year 2009 the figure is (According to wikipedia) $515.4 Billion which is some 5.7% of GDP. If you also count miscellaneous other military spending it gets closer to 8-9%. This only covers the US armed forces. The Iraq war comes on top of this figure since Iraq and Afghanistan aren't included in the defence budget they are funded through supplementary spending bills. If you take other military expenditures like: black projects, veterans expenditures, subsidising of military equipment to other countries including the massive aid to Israel (only a portion of this aid ever gets paid back even if it is theoretically handed out in the form of loans) and count them as military spending the total US military expenditures for the last few years will easily top 10% of GDP. Keep in mind that black projects include some very expensive gadgetry and Israel isn't exactly a cheap proposition either. To keep the peace in that region the USA has to subsidise the military acquisitions of several surrounding arab countries to ensure a reasonable degree of military parity. Plus every time the the Israelis decide to exercise their right to defend them selves with totally disproportionate bombing campaigns in Lebanon and the occupied territories it triggers another wave of bribery to keep their Arab neighbours nice and docile and that usually takes the form of new and better weapons.

    --
    Only to idiots, are orders laws.
    -- Henning von Tresckow
  40. Double Plus Good! by Giant+Electronic+Bra · · Score: 1

    Dir Bob:

    Please report to your nearest Ministry of Health clinic for evaluation.

    Your Truely
    B. B.

    --
    "Malo periculosam, libertatem quam quietam servitutem." -- Jefferson
  41. There was a whole study by Giant+Electronic+Bra · · Score: 4, Insightful

    done on this, I think back in the 60's. They concluded that the actual likely casualties were much lower on both sides. Most of Japan's Army was in China or isolated in various places. The Allies had TOTAL air and sea superiority, so they could outflank any defense along the coast and prevent any movement or concentration of enemy forces, or even resupply. At that point there was basically no oil anywhere in Japan.

    This may not have been as apparent to the Allies in 1945 however. We can endlessly argue one way or the other about Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The truth is they attacked us and showed no mercy and we fought back against them with everything we had. If you have a guy on the ropes and he isn't quite down yet you step up and hit him again, as hard as you can.

    --
    "Malo periculosam, libertatem quam quietam servitutem." -- Jefferson
    1. Re:There was a whole study by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The truth is they attacked us and showed no mercy and we fought back against them with everything we had. If you have a guy on the ropes and he isn't quite down yet you step up and hit him again, as hard as you can.

      That's probably the most sane, rational, and well-put statement on the war vs. Japan I've heard in a long time.

      People who want to get worked up over the particulars need to get out of the past. We've ended up with a pretty good relationship with Japan, it's not quite as buddy-buddy as we are with the 'Brits after the Revolution, but certainly better than most would expect.

  42. Yeah, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    > Dirty Bombs are pretty trivial to make.

    They're far less deadly. Scary, but not that deadly. You're more likely to increase the incidence of cancer in some population than to kill a lot of people, though you'll scare tons of people half to death, I guess.

    We've gone from being ridiculously cavalier about radiation to paranoid. I wish there were more of a middle ground.

    1. Re:Yeah, but... by Canazza · · Score: 1

      what, like "Duck, Cover and put on your lead apron" middle ground?

      --
      It pays to be obvious, especially if you have a reputation for being subtle.
    2. Re:Yeah, but... by Mr.+Slippery · · Score: 1

      You're more likely to increase the incidence of cancer in some population than to kill a lot of people

      Er, increasing the incidence of cancer does kill people, you know.

      Does it kill a lot? Probably not. But Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold only killed 13 people at Columbine, and it sure caused an uproar.

      --
      Tom Swiss | the infamous tms | my blog
      You cannot wash away blood with blood
  43. Correction... by Savage-Rabbit · · Score: 1

    It seems military spending went up by 5.7 percent in from FY08 to FY09, it was not raised to 5.7%. In that case the total military spending is just over 5% of GDP. As far as I can tell expenditures for Iraq, Afghanistan, black projects veteran affairs, military aid, Israel and other military related expenditures still pile on top this figure.

    --
    Only to idiots, are orders laws.
    -- Henning von Tresckow
  44. I hear Khameini is paying by Giant+Electronic+Bra · · Score: 1

    Top dollar now for old surplus US Government safes. Good for scrap metal they say!

    --
    "Malo periculosam, libertatem quam quietam servitutem." -- Jefferson
  45. 3% interest by KingAlanI · · Score: 1

    Something compounded at 3% interest doubles in 24 years.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_72

    --
    I listen to both RIAA and non-RIAA stuff if I like the music, tangential business/politics nonwithstanding.
  46. Adding by KingAlanI · · Score: 1

    Not sure if military spending is completely wasted.
    In many ways, military spending is wasteful (negative externalities to the areas in which the war is fought, diversion of social focus, lost productive capacity of dead, injured & psychologically damaged personnel, etc)

    Not sure it's 100% though.

    However, Keynesian economics, which makes a lot of sense in many regards, holds that increased government spending boosts the economy, no matter which form that government spending takes.

    --
    I listen to both RIAA and non-RIAA stuff if I like the music, tangential business/politics nonwithstanding.
    1. Re:Adding by marcosdumay · · Score: 1

      "increased government spending boosts the economy"

      Only when there is severe unemployment. Even then, Keynesian economics assumes that government spending is as efficient as private spending, what makes that affirmation way weaker.

  47. Re:Keep This In Context: Some details are overlook by LackThereof · · Score: 1

    Hanford Site in Washington State... It is a secure location that is ... in the process of enviornmental remediation.

    Guessing you're not a Washington resident, or else you'd know that this "environmental remediation" is only progressing at all due to the WA state Department of Ecology suing the federal government over it. And that its current rate, it will be hundreds of years before the waste *we know about* has been cleaned up. Time during which shit continues to leak, and spread.

    Generally speaking, the whole place is considered an absolute disaster by Washingtonians.

    This sample was not weapons ready. If it were, it would have been used in a weapon and not left behind.

    You obviously didn't read TFA. 99.96% purity. The article can only guess at why it didn't make it into a bomb. From the article:

    "But the puzzling thing is, why didn't this plutonium make it into the bomb?" In 1944, the Americans were working flat out to develop a nuclear capability - it's strange that any first large batch of plutonium-239 should be stored and not used, he says.'

    They go on to postulate that it was because the safe it was being stored in became contaminated, so the whole shebang got tossed.

    --
    Legalize recreational marijuana. Seriously.
  48. Jaws quote by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Martin, it's all psychological. You yell barracuda, everybody says, "Huh? What?" You yell shark, we've got a panic on our hands on the Fourth of July.

    1. Re:Jaws quote by Hal_Porter · · Score: 1

      SHARK! SHARK!

      See nothing happened.

      --
      echo -e 'global _start\n _start:\n mov eax, 2\n int 80h\n jmp _start' > a.asm; nasm a.asm -f elf; ld a.o -o a;
    2. Re:Jaws quote by AKAImBatman · · Score: 1

      SHARK! SHARK!

      Intellivision!

      Wait... what were we talking about?

  49. Plutonium Found In Dump by fahrbot-bot · · Score: 1

    Bad Nibbler!

    --
    It must have been something you assimilated. . . .
  50. Half life calculation is wrong? by aluminum_geek · · Score: 1

    Not sure if I suck at math... (And I posted this on the site before I saw slashdot picked up the story)

    Plutonium has a half life of 24,000 years. If it started COMPLETELY PURE, it would only be 99.8% pure at the end of 70 years.

    1. Re:Half life calculation is wrong? by bucky0 · · Score: 1

      that isotope of Pu decays into U, the purity is referring only to the ratio of Pu, not of the various decay products.

      --

      -Bucky
  51. ObTomLehrer by commodoresloat · · Score: 1

    "Once all the Germans were warlike, and mean
    But that couldn't happen again
    We taught them a lesson, in 1918
    And they've hardly bothered us since then"

    1. Re:ObTomLehrer by Chris+Mattern · · Score: 1

      One notes that when Tom recorded those lines, it had been 46 years since Versailles in 1919. It is now 63 years since Germany surrendered in 1945.

  52. 1.21 Gigawatts by lugash · · Score: 3, Funny

    And to think, Doc Brown could have avoided all dealings with those wacky Libyan terrorists!

    Actually, it would have made the whole lightning plot completely moot. Then Marty would only have had incest to deal with!

  53. Re:Japan wanted to surrender and USA didn't accept by bucky0 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Wikipedia can say whatever it wants. The truth is this:

    We gave them an ultimatum saying were would bomb the shit out of them unless they agreed to us. They said no.

    We bombed hiroshima.

    Then, we airdropped leaflets and told them that we would do it again unless they surrendered. They said no.

    We bombed nagasaki.

    Even _then_ the majority of the military elite wanted to keep fighting. It wasn't until 5 days later that the emporer decide to capitulate.

    Fuck this shit about 'oh, the poor poor japanese' The alternative was for us to invade japan with troops (estimates at the time said it would take 1,000,000 troops to take it). Yeah, it sucks that we bombed them, yeah, it was terrible for the people that had to experience it, but we were in a war where the loser was going to be vanquished. If I were the president at the time and I had a choice between bombing some cities and conceivable losing a significant percentage of 1,000,000 of my own citizens, I would make the same choice.

    --

    -Bucky
  54. dirtiest? hardly! by dlt074 · · Score: 1

    who ever is claiming "dirtiest place on earth" has never been to Samarra, Salah Ad-Din, Iraq. trust me, you don't know dirty till you've been here.

  55. Wrong by dreamchaser · · Score: 1

    Yes especially. Subcritical masses can be made to go critical through rapid compression. Some of our earliest fission bombs were done that way. If it's pure enough 400cc is more than enough to make a small bomb.

    1. Re:Wrong by Heather+D · · Score: 1

      I thought that was factored into the quantity mentioned above. If its not then yes. Thats the whole point of a nuclear weapon.

  56. 400cc? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    A comment on this article from New Scientists 'online technology reporter' suggests that the actual quantity of plutonium is less than 400mg.

  57. I don't know about you.. by wanax · · Score: 2, Funny

    But I'll take the computing power of Oppenheimer, Fermi, Bohr, Segre, Einstein, Teller, Szilard, Compton, Bethe, Tolman, von Karman, Ulam, Feynman, etc etc over any supercomputer every day of the week ;)

  58. Well.. by wanax · · Score: 1

    not the original poster but I got curious.. apparently the US accounts for about 47% of worldwide military spending and accounts for about 85% of the total military market. If those facts are correct, the arms industry represents about 63% of US industry (12.99% of GDP for arms industry, 20.6% of GDP total). I don't know how or if these numbers account for Iraq/Afghanistan expenditure.

  59. weapons of mass destruction anyone? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I, Official Ghost of Saddam Hussein, declare war on the United Sloppy-contractors of America for having weapons grade Plutonium in suspicious locations.
    With me in my War On Error will be North Korea, Libya, Iraq, Iran (latest ally), and Pakistan.

  60. Yeah, sure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "That's what happens when your emperor takes the bait and tries standing up for his own people living on American soil."

    Yes, the emperor's main concern after bombing Pearl was the treatment of ethnic Japanese American Citizens on American soil.

    [rolling eyes]

    I suppose that's why the Rape of Nanking occurred? Out of the emperor's deep concern that Japanese were in internment caps in the United States?

    You are a funny little man.

  61. Iraq again? Terrorist attack by sabotage? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "Unheard of"?
    Now who's going to be blamed for this?
    Iraq? Iran? Russians?

    War on Terror and WMDs?
    Wither the great Republican Anti-Terror Brigade?
    For four years, they covered up their really serious gaffes!

  62. you seem to be ignorant of a place called Africa. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    as in the place from where the colored people come.

  63. casualty estimates (was Re:Mystery Pits) by WillAdams · · Score: 1

    an AC said:
    >might save tens of thousands of American lives?

    Did save hundreds of thousands, if not millions of lives, both American and Japanese.

    A cousin of mine was in the occupation forces and happened to be stationed near where his unit was scheduled to hit the beach --- he said it would've been a suicide run, resulting in 90--95% or higher casualties for his unit, and almost as bad for those who would've followed them.

    My mother and her parents were in Japan during World War II (``contract'' labour for the Japanese imported from Korea) and said that at the end of the war the Japanese were setting up defense units of every able-bodied woman aged 18--40, arming them w/ sharpened bamboo poles for want of other weapons.

    Japan's surrender, which could not have been brought about by any other means (if fire-bombing Tokyo, which proved as _Time Magazine_ described it ``... that a Japanese city, when properly kindled will burn like autumn leaves.'', then what would a mere military invasion such as Okinawa had already been through) saved millions of lives, on both sides.

    William

    --
    Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow.
  64. Yeah, shure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Is the bridge they found that under for sale, too?

    (Don't listen to the voices that the Amerikanski stole.. I mean, appropriated.. I mean.. secured the Wunderwaffes and used them on Japs)

  65. I feel much safer now by Zoxed · · Score: 1

    It is good to know that weapons grade plutonium is being logged and tracked safely to ensure it does not get either into the hands of terrorists, nor into the environment until it decays to a 'safe' level.
    O, wait...
    (I wonder if all weapons grade plutonium is subject to the same strict guidelines ?)

  66. Numbers vary quite a bit by Giant+Electronic+Bra · · Score: 1

    Depends on who's numbers you look at. Different groups count different things depending on what they'd like you to believe. My main point was that the 3% figure is FAR below a realistic total number. 3% only counts direct DoD spending budgeted for the existing military. It doesn't count huge costs like the support of the VA, much of the R&D budget, and a whole lot of ancillary expenses and things that are only being paid for because they indirectly contribute to defense.

    No doubt there are reasonable arguments against counting some of the things the numbers I threw out there do count, and the numbers you quote don't seem unreasonable either. I'd accept them as being a reasonable point of discussion.

    --
    "Malo periculosam, libertatem quam quietam servitutem." -- Jefferson
  67. Don't you just love the way by Giant+Electronic+Bra · · Score: 1

    I get modded 'Flamebait'? Great huh? Truth hurts I guess. What do you get when a bunch of morons are the moderators, the lowest common denominator of crap just rises right to the top...

    Oh well, it matters not. The US has finished itself off anyway. I figure we'll have that 50% defense reduction pretty soon now. Hard to hire soldiers when you're broke.

    --
    "Malo periculosam, libertatem quam quietam servitutem." -- Jefferson
    1. Re:Don't you just love the way by Savantissimo · · Score: 1

      Hmm... I just got modded down too.

      The moderators aren't usually morons, though. It just takes one with bad motivation. Many, many people's salaries depend on serving the criminal interests that we're pointing out. They have to make themselves believe that they are right - that its "defense" and "industry" not war, murder, fascism, corruption, theft, treason, crimes against peace and humanity - or they couldn't live with themselves and their collusion with evil.

      They have developed some psychological defenses against those sorts of realizations. But when we point out to these vicious vermin who consider themselves capitalists and patriots that they are also destroying the almighty GDP of the United States, now that gets through their defenses and pricks their delusions of self-worth.

      --
      "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?" - Patrick Henry
  68. Re:Japan wanted to surrender and USA didn't accept by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The mistake Japan made was the same mistake that Muslim countries are making now.

    The cult of the emperor led to the impression that the Japanese did not think rationally and thus had to be countered by physical force, like a wild dog being shot.

    Countries that have no love of individual life are cases of collective mental illness. While these are interesting topics for professors to research, the practical implication is that when you stop behaving rationally, you are no longer going to be negotiated with, you will be penned and herded like cattle.

  69. Broken Window Fallacy by Giant+Electronic+Bra · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I see there has been a few people flinging that one around here lately, but it is totally appropriate in the context of military spending.

    When you build a bomb, you produce something that certainly gives the bomb builder a job, but it produces no other useful input to society. When you instead spend that money on roads, bridges, renewable energy, R&D, or even just plain consumer goods at least you get SOMETHING out of it.

    Some people will respond that the military provides some sort of 'security'. Well, up to a certain point that might be true, but consider it further.

    No amount of spending is going to 'make you safe'. There are at least 5,000 strategic nuclear weapons on hair trigger alert pointed at the US. No amount of spending on more weapons is going to make any impact on that threat. Nor is there any reasonable way to defend the US against terrorism by more such spending. I'm not suggesting we should just ignore terrorists, but tanks, warplanes, warships, etc do not materially add to our security against such things.

    In fact one can just as effectively argue that we are LESS secure because of the threatening size and capability of our military, which all other countries on the earth don't equal and must all consider as a possible threat, which then leads to increased spending everywhere else. Nor would George W Bush have had the opportunity to screw things up as he did if he wasn't given so many toys to play with.

    I'll be amused to go back and consider all these points again after the US is forced to withdraw from Afghanistan and the Taliban resumes power and after the government of Iraq degenerates back into anarchy and ends up either yet again a totalitarian dictatorship and/or an Iranian puppet state.

    --
    "Malo periculosam, libertatem quam quietam servitutem." -- Jefferson
  70. Shocking by hcdejong · · Score: 1

    The World's Oldest Weapons-grade Plutonium sitting ignominously in some waste dump? It should be in a museum!

  71. CCCP Trash Pits? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The Soviets had a triply redundant materials tracker. I don't have a reference immediately available

    You might want to check what came out of stacks in Miami, Ohio, U.S.A. .

    Yours In Socialism,
    Kilgore Trout.

  72. Depends on the definition you use by Giant+Electronic+Bra · · Score: 1

    If you count all production which supports the entire defense establishment, then it is a VERY large percentage!

    The production dedicated to actually building military hardware is much lower, but that effectively just represents the tip of a very large iceberg. Of course were defense spending to be reduced, that proportion would decrease much more.

    But it is a fair number in that it gets at the actual total impact of military spending on the US economy.

    --
    "Malo periculosam, libertatem quam quietam servitutem." -- Jefferson
  73. Eisenhower... by Joe+the+Lesser · · Score: 1

    I don't quite buy Eisenhower beleiving in slave labor because from his journals he comes across as rational, but anyway here is an article that probably covers most of what this guy is talkign about:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenhower_and_German_POWs

    --
    "I only speak the truth"
    Karma: null(Mostly affected by an unassigned variable)
  74. Einstein by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    They had a super-genius, no need for a super-computer. Complex maths n' shizzle.

  75. Re:How is Saddam supposed to account for all his W by prelelat · · Score: 1

    I was reading this in someone elses post and it gives a figure on all the documents http://www.downwinders.com/hanford_hist.html/ 7 billion pages of documents is alot for a group of typists to input into a computer. I just thought you would like a number to go with your thought. That's not to mention a file that was misfiled or lost in transit to where ever they store the documents now(the Hanford site is closed besides the cleanup I think) I would think the pentagon or some other major government facility.

  76. Unearthed... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    "It was unearthed in a waste pit at Hanford, Washington, inside a beaten up old safe." With about fifty caps and a copy of "Guns and Bullets"

  77. google ads for this story by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    http://img293.imageshack.us/img293/4298/googleadsxz1.png

  78. looking for safe by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Can I have that old safe when you're done with it?

  79. More Scary Images by duragnulinux · · Score: 1

    Here's a nice gallery of other scary images related to nuclear waste: http://www.spaceman.ca/gallery/chernobyl

  80. clean up time by akayani · · Score: 1

    "What about that safe, no one knows the combination?"... "Chuck it out then." "It might have plutonium in it." "Don't be ridiculous... we need to make space for additional admin staff to comply with the new regulations on radioactive substance control."

  81. high Precsion = 40* larger bang, not a 0 bang. by Dare+nMc · · Score: 1

    If they come up with 2 lbs of WeaponsGrade material (50* more than was found in the safe), and overbuild the initial compression by a factor of 10 (ie build the 4 Ton Hiroshima bomb, from directions available) likely they get the same result the US did on it's first, second, and third tries, which was sized at 10k Tons of TNT.
    Contrast that with the precise weapon you describe, that is possible with the correct data, that the US builds now. With less than the same 2 lbs of material, and now comes inside 1/4 the total weight (1 Ton) and now can produces a 4 MegaTon bang.
    so if 10k ton bang is all they wanted, not much else needed than the materials, and time. if you want the whole 4 MTon, or a small enough package to transport discreetly, then you need the data.

  82. No kidding.

    --
    "Malo periculosam, libertatem quam quietam servitutem." -- Jefferson