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If you'd like to run your own NASA Global Climate Model (GCM) on your own computer, the EdGCM project has ported a GCM to Mac & Windows and wrapped it in a GUI so you can point-and-click your way around. Turn the sun down or add some nitrogen, whatever you want...

Note that the resolution is pretty coarse (8x10 degrees) so that it still runs at a decent clip on your Mac/PC, and therefore Tibet gets 1 or 2 grid cells, that is about it.

We just had a request about removing the Tibetian plateau and the resulting effect on Earth climate.

Disclaimer: I'm a developer on the project.

If you'd like to run your own NASA Global Climate Model (GCM) on your own computer, the EdGCM project has ported a GCM to Mac & Windows and wrapped it in a GUI so you can point-and-click your way around. Turn the sun down or add some nitrogen, whatever you want...

Note that the resolution is pretty coarse (8x10 degrees) so that it still runs at a decent clip on your Mac/PC, and therefore Tibet gets 1 or 2 grid cells, that is about it.

We just had a request about removing the Tibetian plateau and the resulting effect on Earth climate.

Disclaimer: I'm a developer on the project.

To answer your second question, the answer is probably yes. Not only that, they will develop their own language.

Some related resources of mine are at http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/etc/writing-style. html, based on experiences editing student papers. See also http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/etc/writing-bugs.h tml.

Some related resources of mine are at http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/etc/writing-style. html, based on experiences editing student papers. See also http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/etc/writing-bugs.h tml.

Hey, don't knock it. Of all the sites on the web, OMG Ponies was one of the most noted. From "irina"'s blog: "This has been a particularly fun April Fool's... My favorite this year was Slashdot, with their 'OMG! Ponies!' theme. A close runner up was Poisson d'Avril's Theorem on Metamath."

Maybe the GP meant Columbia? http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/01/01/gore.html

Your Al Gore ancedote is factually incorrect.

His position was at the Columbia journalism school, and it was a part time appointment for only one calendar year.

http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/01/01/gore.html

I'll leave it to someone else to point out the irony that you made this error in your post.

Too bad you're wrong on at least two counts.

http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~angelos/Papers/sqlran d.pdf

and this paper also looks at instruction set randomization, and randomizing Perl:

http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~angelos/Papers/instru ctionrandomization.pdf

http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~angelos/Papers/sqlran d.pdf

and this paper also looks at instruction set randomization, and randomizing Perl:

http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~angelos/Papers/instru ctionrandomization.pdf

A similar paper is here: http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~angelos/Papers/instru ctionrandomization.pdf (in fact, they both appeared at CCS a couple of years ago) and the basic idea is that the use of the 'new' instruction set is completely transparent to a well-behaved application.

An application that has code injected into it will behave differently, becuase the execution environment (i.e., Valgrind in RISE's case) will try to de-randomize the binary (including the injected code). Presumably, de-randomizing the injected code will fail and cause a signal that is visible to the operating system.

So, artificial diversity *does* make it harder to debug a system, but in this case, not really, and the system should save enough state in the alert to let you know where things went wrong.

What about the artists that write their own music?

George Harrison tried writing his own music after the Lennon-McCartney band broke up. Harrison got sued and lost to the tune of $1.6 million in damages, and the finding of infringement was upheld on appeal.

Dude, not that I disagree with you, but the subject matter of Econ 1101 is why everything you learned in 101 was wrong. Oh and your professor hates you.

Dude, not that I disagree with you, but the subject matter of Econ 1101 is why everything you learned in 101 was wrong. Oh and your professor hates you.

Dude, not that I disagree with you, but the subject matter of Econ 1101 is why everything you learned in 101 was wrong. Oh and your professor hates you.

If you'd like to check results yourself, or look at precipitation, ground wetness, soil moisture (all related to drought and famine and food production), or any other of a few hundred climate variables, you can do it at home yourself.

EdGCM is a NASA global climate model (GCM) ported to run on Windows and Mac. Double-click to install, and you'll find it has been wrapped in a nice GUI. Want to add some CO2 or turn down the sun? Check the box and drag the slider! It includes, among many other things, a visualization program to image the results as line plots, or on a map, or however you want...

And we all know that chicks just love short guys.

We are getting taller, we are also losing our wisdom teeth and our pinky toes are shrinking. I doubt the latter is the result of improved nutrition.

A good explaination of the difference can be found here: http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/postal.html#uk

If you don't trust Lindzen, you can run your own global climate model at home and check the outputs yourself!

EdGCM is a NASA GCM that has been ported to run on Mac and Windows, and given a GUI interface. Want to turn the sun down by 2% or add some CO2? Just point and click and drag. Then, hit play, wait a day or two, and you'll have your own GCM outputs, complete with a visualization utility to view them with.

while we are making book suggestions, might i suggest http://www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/endofpovert y/ a great book by Jeffrey D. Sachs.

While it's true that it's bad to exploit people but I don't know the full detail on the Nike business but it seems humane (in a way that it's not toxic or harmful in that sense) to the workers while the working conditions are probably apalling by western standards it will help the women get their freedom. Without income they are forced to the dependendy. First to their fathers and then to their husbands. They can't make the decision whether to have children or not etc. If they get work they will climb to the first ladder and they can choose the place they want to live and if they wish to leave their husbands it is a possibility. Their children get education if the mothers pay can feed all of them etc.

It's bad but the answer is not to not have factories there but to not exploit them too much. And by too much i mean situations where materials are too toxic for western workers or they need too much protection here and then they produce it there without any safety protocols.

EdGCM is the Educational Global Climate Model, a NASA climate model that has been ported to run on Mac and PC with a GUI interface. Download it and it comes with default climate simulations (modern, global warming, paleo, etc.). Or you can design your own climates!

ARM made a clockless chip in 1994 for cellphones. Couldn't find an amazing reference, but a quick google turned up http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/async/misc/technologyr eview_oct_01_2001.html where they briefly mention it... The last time I heard of this stuff being used was in 2001-- I actually wrote an English paper about it purely to see if I could bore my professor :-p

If you'd like to run a NASA global climate model yourself, EdGCM is a port to Mac or Windows, and wrapped in a GUI so you can point-and-click your own climate simulation.

EdGCM is a NASA climate model that has been ported to run on Mac and PC with a GUI interface. Download it and it comes with default climate simulations (modern, global warming, paleo, etc.). Or you can design your own climates!

a friend and I our currently debating this topic part of it with good links follows: >>> Here's a very professional, non-sensational letter sent to Senators Frist and Daschle from more than 1,000 scientists across the country Many are from major research universities. Notice this particular point "computer simulations do not reproduce the late 20th century warmth if they include only natural climate forcings such as emissions from volcanoes and solar activity. The warmth is only captured when the simulations include forcings from human-emitted greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere."

http://go.ucsusa.org/global_environment/global_war ming/page.cfm?pageID=1264#Inst

This is actually one of the few things that I can find, that the IPCC overall releases reports supporting global warming, and this is why I am still pretty much undecided, they release good research and facts supporting their theory. The problem is even their reports never paint near as dire of situation as all the media tries to report about global warming. It still puts out many good points, but all their findings are less than a degree of change and we have records of other rapid temperature changes in the past such as the link jesse first sent out. Also, we dont have the good of temperature data for more than 100, years or so seeing heating in one half doesnt seem to be a large data set. Seeing some warming when on a large climate scale we are still coming out of an ice age and expecting to be warming (http://www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/ice_ages.html). In fact the IPCC report says we have shown most of the heating in the last 50 years (and some reports claim it is even more noticeable around the most industrialized countries, because we also are the most deforested, and our gauges are nearest to cities(see below)), but if you look we actually cooled from 1950 until 1975 according to public data.

During the last 100 years there have been two general cycles of warming and cooling recorded in the U.S. We are currently in the second warming cycle. Overall, U.S. temperatures show no significant warming trend over the last 100 years (1). This has been well - established but not well - publicized. (same link as above)

Dr. Patrick Michaels has demonstrated this effect is a common problem with ground- based recording stations, many of which originally were located in predominantly rural areas, but over time have suffered background bias due to urban sprawl and the encroachment of concrete and asphalt ( the "urban heat island effect"). The result has been an upward distortion of increases in ground temperature over time(2). Satellite measurements are not limited in this way, and are accurate to within 0.1 C. They are widely recognized by scientists as the most accurate data available. Significantly, global temperature readings from orbiting satellites show no significant warming in the 18 years they have been continuously recording and returning data. -A scientific Discussion of Climate Change, Sallie Baliunas, Ph.D., Harvard- Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and Willie Soon, Ph.D., Harvard- Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

(Ziegler, 1998). Again, we have a natural mechanism, correlated to periods of high sea level, for warming the poles that is independent of CO2 levels. -http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~polsen/nbcp/phyto.h tml (sorry for the bold and colors copy and past does weird stuff)

I did have a harder time finding alot about computer simulations that weren't directly tied to the IPCC. Computer simulations can't reproduce next fridays weather, couldnt predict Katrina until days away, can't predict historic weather based on known test data with in the ranges we have

If you want to duplicate any of the work the climate scientists have done, you can try with EdGCM, a NASA climate model that has been ported to Win/Mac and wrapped in a GUI.

http://www.columbia.edu/~vjd1/carbon.htm

Here is a very simple explanation.

With EdGCM (http://edgcm.columbia.edu/ you can run a NASA global climate model (GCM) on your own computer (Win or OS X). You can set up whatever type of climate you want. Global warming and a few paleo runs come pre-installed. And then you can look at the results. Disclaimer: I'm a programmer on the project.

Even though the scheme used may be open source, it still doesn't necessarily mean I can disable it on a device that only allows me to listen to "premium content" so I can play the cool, independent stuff.

What makes you think the "cool, independent stuff" is necessarily legal for the artists to distribute? Every musical sound recording has an underlying musical work (whose copies are called "sheet music"), and the recording is a derivative of the musical work. But unfortunately, under the current standards for originality in musical works, it's cost-prohibitive for a songwriter operating in the United States to guarantee that a given work is original. Much of the difficulty comes from the subconscious copying doctrine established in Bright Tunes Music v. Harrisongs Music and upheld on appeal by the Second Circuit. The ramifications are depressing.

Sounds pretty different to me.

Tell that to the judge in, say, Bright Tunes Music v. Harrisongs Music . Apples and oranges are both fruits. Likewise, the GameCube controller's similarities to the Dual Shock and Dreamcast controller outweigh the differences.

So the U.S. supplied Iraq with WMD, which Bush lied about Iraq having.

Reagan, Bush, Sr. and in particular James Baker (who wanted Iraq to win the Iraq-Iran war) eased up export restrictions and restrictions on loan guarantees through Eximbank and the USDA that made it very easy for Saddam to purchase detonators, high-speed centrifuges and other dual-use technologies throughout the Reagan and the beginning of the Bush, Sr. administrations.

In fact, shipments of arms and sensitive radar equipment to be used in anti-aircraft guns were still on the docks to be shipped to Iraq -- purchased with US and UK taxpayer dollars -- in August and September of 1990, after Saddam Hussain's invasion of Kuwait.

The same arms and anti-aircraft guns were used against Americans in the first Gulf war. Thanks, Dad! The image I get is of Goya's painting, Chronos Devouring His Children.

Between 1990 and 2001 -- you might recall -- there were sanctions and weapons inspections. It's entirely possible that Saddam Hussain succeeded in getting rid of every trace of WMD's during that time (and thus make a liar out of Bush Jr) -- they were the WMD's purchased with US Taxpayer Dollars.

Now Bush Jr. can't exactly wave around the receipts, export approvals and the loan guarantee documents from back in the 80's that prove that Iraq had WMD's at one time -- because James Baker's signature is on some of them! His dad's and Ron Reagan's fingerprints are all over them!

EdGCM http://edgcm.columbia.edu/ comes out of the NASA GISS lab http://www.giss.nasa.gov/ that James Hansen heads. EdGCM lets you run your own climate model on your computer! Check it out!

No, I'd say it is unique to FOSS, in the computer world. An army of software developers, independently scratching their itches, just doesn't tend to care about the needs and wants of other demographics. It's difficult to learn how to program if you're blind, and so, on the whole, the motivation is weaker for FOSS to cater to the blind.

The one exception I can think of is this blind guy in my college class who wrote some text-to-speech software for Linux. A great man.

From the article: more than 20-year-old DOD security policies

So that would put it in the early 1980s... but in the 60s and 70s, the missile launch passwords were all "00000000" (also see here).

The Cowboy Junkies' Trinity Sessions was literally "5 guys" around a Focusrite mic in a church. But that's the exception that proves the rule. Most major label releases are produced in a studio that's got $500,000 worth of gear and an equivalent amount of studio build-out: sound proofing, acoustic treatments, isolation booths.

Increasingly, it is the rule, not the exception. The business of running big, expensive studios is hurting bad for precisely this reason.

Johann Philipp Reis invented the telephone, 10-15 years before Bell .

I dunno about a full sized hard drive.

I'd feel awfully funny dragging an RP04 around.

RMS has repeatedly stated that he considers all proprietary software evil. Eben Moglen views are similar (e.g., read "Freeing the Mind : Free Software and the Death of Proprietary Culture").

http://emoglen.law.columbia.edu/publications/maine -speech.html

These are radical views, and out of sync with many supporters of open source software. Indeed many programmers wonder how they are supposed to make a living if all proprietary software is abolished. It seems a reasonable assertion that this will eventually cause a rift in the open source movement.

Well, then of course one has to ask which of the multitude of versions of "his Holy Word" is definitive? Which translation? Which books?

The works commonly known as "the Bible" are clearly a connection of separate documents, which do not always fit together perfectly, and contain some very difficult to interpret sections. The Old Testament has a fairly extensive set of daily laws concerning food for example (no pork, etc.) which few Christians adhere to, siting passages in the Gospels as justification for not following them. How one decides on which bits trump which other bits is a non-trivial matter.

If you think that using "the Bible" as your only source for theological input is a complete solution, I think you are going to have difficulty in a number of areas.

While it is fairly easy to come up with a quick list of seeming contradictions in any faith tradition, it is also fairly easy to come up with some of the theology behind those teachings/beliefs. In the case of the Catholic Church, one has to figure that the theology cannot be completely vacuous, or it would have faded out compeltely by now. A few links such as http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church or http://www.columbia.edu/cu/augustine/a/faq-cc.html for specific details come up pretty quick in any search on "catholic apologists".

That's why they'll sell 12 million. After all, the 360 originally cost about $2 million each.

"We don't want customers to be forced into buying something that isn't going to meet all their needs," said Barry Goffe, Microsoft's director of Windows client product management.

Translation: We understand from psychology that people can only make effective, informed decisions when the number of choices is low, typically around six. We understand that one of the principles of building is a successful company is to segment your market according to their willingness to pay. Hence, I propose we offer six versions of Vista, each priced differently, each with a clear difference in feature set so that we can effectively capture our consumer surplus without our customers being constrained by the tyranny of choice.

Simon.

Reminds me of university, where I once saw a fellow student copy a listing out by hand, then actually sit down and type it all in again to one of these old DEC lineprinters (probably old in 1984)!! Just to get a listing. :-)

By performing your own interpretation of it on your own instruments

Then you're performing the musical work's melody and still infringing on the musical work's copyright.

or by writing your own arrangement of it

Then you're performing the musical work's melody and still infringing on the musical work's copyright.

or by remixing it to a great enough degree that you have a legitimate claim to it being largely your own work

What steps would one take to do this, to express the same musical idea as a copyrighted musical work but with entirely distinct expression?

or perhaps by writing some lyrics to go with it

Then you're performing the musical work's melody and still infringing on the musical work's copyright.

Before you click "Reply", please read this court opinion and this article.

The AVR-2805 supports an RS-232 interface which is currently connected to the serial port on a FreeBSD server in my living room; my audio and video cards are also connected to the receiver. I've copied almost all of my music CDs and am in the process of copying my DVDs to this server. As it stands today, I can output different audio and video sources and can control the receiver itself by using a combination of kermit and vlc.

The next step is to add an HTTP based interface so that I can access this setup from anywhere in on the Net. My server has a wireless nic installed, and the DS has wireless support, so I've really wanted to use the DS to control everything. While I could also use my PSP, I'm more interested in the DS since it has a touch-screen interface. I think this will suit the application much better than having to use a keypad.

You youngun's with your fancy microchips. I started out on an IBM 1620 using FORTRAN on punch cards. You'd load a huge deck of cards that was the first pass of the compiler, follow it with your program, it would punch an "intermediate deck" that you would reload after feeding in the second pass of the compiler. The result was a deck of machine code that you could then load and run anytime...provided you got the program right.

I was about 15, and was taking a night school class with my dad at the time.

The following web site has a major time line of human population:

Ice Age

Circa 700AD: Plagues halve European population.

763AD-764AD: From about 400 A.D. to around 900, the climate became much colder. The winters of 763-764 and 859-860 were extraordinarily cold, with the ice so thick in the Adriatic near Venice that it could hold up heavily-loaded wagons. There was ice even on the Nile.
(From a website reviewing book on climate change by H. H. Lamb, Climate History and the Modern World.) ...

850AD: (12). Four hundred years later, the agricultural base of the Tiwanaku civilization of the central Andes collapsed as a result of a prolonged drought documented in ice and in lake sediment cores (13). In Mesoamerica, lake sediment cores show that the Classic Maya collapse of the 9th century A.D. coincided with the most severe and prolonged drought of that millennium (14). In North America, Anasazi agriculture could not sustain three decades of exceptional drought and reduced temperatures in the 13th century A.D., resulting in forced regional abandonment (15).
See Harvey Weiss and Raymond S. Bradley, 'What Drives Societal Collapse?', Science, Jan. 26, 2001.



I tried doing a search for volcanic eruptions in the 700AD - 850AD era.

The following web site has an article about a massive volcanic eruptions at the headwaters of the White River 1250 years ago (750AD)

White river volcanic eruption

Below this black soil lies a thin layer of white ash from a massive volcanic eruption that occurred near the headwaters of the White River 1,250 years ago. This event was one of the largest volcanic explosions the world has seen over the past 10,000 years. Most of central and southern Yukon was covered by the ash, and traces can be found even in the Northwest Territories. With deposits more than one metre thick near the source, the White River eruption was an ecological disaster that killed many plants and animals and probably forced people to move away from the area near the eruption for many generations, until plants and animals began to return. At Annie Lake, howhttp://www.planetforlife.com/gwarm/globclimate. htmlever, the ash is thin--only several centimetres, and it is possible the impact of the eruption was not so severe here as in other places in the Yukon. Perhaps the main result of the White River eruption was that new people moved into the Annie Lake area from regions hard hit by the ash.


This site mentions a later eruption at 800AD:

Extending the Alaska Tree-Ring Record


White spruce (Picea glauca) in this region is preserved as relict trees that are dead but not decayed due to low temperatures. Subfossil trees are preserved in permafrost, glacial sediment deposits and in the White River Ash (pictured above). This last deposition resulted from a major volcanic eruption in the Wrangell Mountains around 800AD


Volcanic eruption of 1783

The Laki eruption lasted eight months during which time about 14 cubic km of basaltic lava and some tephra were erupted. Haze from the eruption was reported from Iceland to Syria. In Iceland, the haze lead to the loss of most of the island's livestock (by eating fluorine contaminated grass), crop failure (by acid rain), and the death of one-quarter of the human residents (by famine). Ben Franklin noted the atmospheric effects of the eruption (Wood, 1992).

It is estimated that 80 Mt of sulfuric acid aerosol was released by the eruption (4 times more than El Chichon and 80 times more than Mount St. Helens).

The volcanic eruption in 1783 caused the winter average temperatu

Peter Woit, a critic of string theory, points out some of the misleading bits in this article on his blog, "Not Even Wrong: http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress (scroll down for it). A brief discussion of why this isn't quite as exciting as it may sound.

JoAnne Hewett (one of the original authors) also comments in the blog, saying that the journalists tried to make the work a little more accessible by suppressing important details: As for the headline that is blazened on the SLAC home page - I saw it for the first time when someone drew my attention to it. I knew it was going to cause headaches...

So while this may be solid work, it doesn't seem quite so sexy as it has been made out to be...

The power of the GPL is completely predicated on the power of copyright. Without copyright, there can be no GPL. RMS's goal isn't to achieve "the freedom for anyone to distribute any published work," but rather to achieve a world in which published works are themselves free -- free to be built upon and creatively refigured, and free to contribute to the common good. To quote Eben Moglen, the goal is to create "a commons, to which anyone may add but from which no one may subtract." Hell yes, it's ideological. To me, that's a good thing.

Linux will never see a large market share for these kind of specialist tools, in the case of audio part of this is due to poor audio interface support under linux (are there any good multi in/out cards that will work under linux?)

Check out the Alsa Soundcard Matrix, e.g. M-Audio and RME, probably a couple others for multi-line. Of course the whole driver/open specs issue is as relevant to sound cards on linux as it is with any other hardware.

BTW, there are seemingly infinite numbers of cool sound apps available for linux. As is also generally the case they tend to be small apps that do one thing really well as opposed to Pro-Tools/CuBase ultimate behemoths that attempt to do everything (new, now with proprietary lock-in!).

Are they generally used to exclusively populate a "pro-audio" toolkit? Probably not by your definition of "pro", not yet anyway.

Do professionals use FOSS audio tools on linux to earn their livings? Yes absolutely, everyday. For that matter, the GIMP, Inkscape, Dia and mplayer? Natch.

Indispensible resource page: dave phillips linux-sound.org

Also one of the highest signal to noise mailing lists I've seen on teh Intarweb: linux-audio-user