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Far Future Will See No Evidence of Universe's Origin

Dr. Eggman writes "According to an article on Ars Technica and its accompanying General Relativity and Gravitation journal article 'The Return of a Static Universe and the End of Cosmology', in the far future of the universe all evidence of the origin of the universe will be gone. Intelligences alive 100-billion-years from now will observe a universe that appears much the way our early 1900s view of the universe was: Static, had always been there, and consisted of little more than our own galaxy and a islands of matter. 'The cosmic microwave background, which has provided our most detailed understanding of the Big Bang, will also be gone. Its wavelength will have been shifted to a full meter, and its intensity will drop by 12 orders of magnitude. Even before then, however, the frequency will reach that of the interstellar plasma and be buried in the noise--the stuff of the universe itself will mask the evidence of its origin. Other evidence for the Big Bang comes from the amount of deuterium and helium isotopes in the universe.'"

340 comments

  1. But even worse by catbutt · · Score: 5, Funny

    by then, we'll be dead, which seems like the bigger problem.

    1. Re:But even worse by norton_I · · Score: 1, Interesting

      Says you. If my granchildren don't have the possibility to live that long, I am going to be disappointed. I haven't dismissed the possiblity that I will still be around then, in some form or another.

    2. Re:But even worse by ushering05401 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Nah, the bigger problem would seem to be that as far as we know we are the only sentients capable of taking advantage of the information currently available... which places a huge responsiblity on our shoulders.

      If the far future will see an absence of this information then we have a responsibility to persist the data beyond the demise of our culture, whether or not another civilization will arise that can interpret the data. The information we can gather now would appear to be a limited resource given our current understanding of cosmology, and we who have access should derive what we can and pass the value on as others will not be able to do so.

      Can you imagine the ID vs Evolution argument in an apparently static universe? Oh wait.. just pick up a history book and check out the executions, exiles, pariahs, and all the other fun stuff that happened to/became of our scientific forefathers back when the Earth was considered the center of a static universe.

      Regards.

    3. Re:But even worse by shawn443 · · Score: 0

      100 billion years? I think we have a little more scientific advancement to go before we are a China full of Q's. At that point you must subscribe to the "We are all gods" view of human potential. Who knows.

    4. Re:But even worse by CrazyJim1 · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      Dying once isn't such a big of deal. It's that second death you need to watch out for.

    5. Re:But even worse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      At that point you must subscribe to the "We are all gods" view of human potential.

      Maybe he's a Mormon? :-)

    6. Re:But even worse by The+One+and+Only · · Score: 5, Insightful

      But here's an interesting question--if documents were discovered from some ancient civilization that had a completely different cosmology, describing that cosmology, would you take those documents at face value? Suppose they contained measurements and recorded observations, as well as a prediction that future observations would differ in a certain way. I'm not sure the far future would believe us, so we would have some convincing to do.

      The upside is, the people of the future can believe in a static universe, and insofar as their universe is compatible with that hypothesis, they're no worse off for not knowing the truth. If it turns out that the universe's origin does make a difference to them, there will no doubt be some observations that don't correspond with their static universe hypothesis, forcing them to adopt a hypothesis similar to ours. So by preserving our data and our theory we are indeed providing a possible solution to a future scientific problem.

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    7. Re:But even worse by catbutt · · Score: 1

      Actually its unlikely for me, as I am already 93 years old, you insensitive clod.

    8. Re:But even worse by Jace+of+Fuse! · · Score: 1

      It's that second death you need to watch out for.

      I know it can make one feel a bit uneasy for the first few hundred times. Don't worry, though, it gets a little better in the thousands.

      --

      "Everything you know is wrong. (And stupid.)"

      Moderation Totals: Wrong=2, Stupid=3, Total=5.
    9. Re:But even worse by ushering05401 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Funniest thing about these possibilities is that our descendants may still persist in some form.. and in that case, rediscovering the little cache of info their ancestors left behind could easily (and correctly) be interpreted as communication from an ancient alien race with a poor (perhaps doomed?) comprehension of cosmology.

      I can see it now.. the philosophical debates about who these ancient creatures might have been... about how they were doomed from the get-go by their flawed and quaint interpretations of the cosmos.

      *sigh*

      I am only middle aged, but I miss the future already.

      Regards.

    10. Re:But even worse by catbutt · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Why again is that our responsibility?

      I mean, given that we've probably got another, say, 20 billion years till the information goes away, I guess I don't really feel the need to mark it as high priority on my to-do list.

    11. Re:But even worse by nomadic · · Score: 4, Funny

      by then, we'll be dead, which seems like the bigger problem.

      Well, let's narrow it down; the bigger problem is -I'll- be dead. That I think is something we all can agree is the biggest problem.

    12. Re:But even worse by buswolley · · Score: 1, Funny

      93 year old catbutt? Gross.

      --

      A Good Troll is better than a Bad Human.

    13. Re:But even worse by buswolley · · Score: 1

      Heretic! Ha! Information wants to be free!

      --

      A Good Troll is better than a Bad Human.

    14. Re:But even worse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, you take that attitude, but before you know it 20 billion years will have past, the information will be lost for good and then what will you do?

    15. Re:But even worse by maxwell+demon · · Score: 2, Insightful

      The upside is, the people of the future can believe in a static universe, and insofar as their universe is compatible with that hypothesis, they're no worse off for not knowing the truth.

      Do we know the truth? Maybe there's another important factor in the equation which is as invisible for as now as dark energy domination would have been earlier in the universe's history. Or maybe there's something interesting in the universe's history of which all traces are already invisible now, just as the expansion of the universe will (probably) be invisible to the future people.

      And BTW, who knows what they will be able to measure? We don't know the nature of dark matter and dark energy. Thus how do we know that examination of those (which might follow finding it e.g. in advanced accelerator experiments, independent from any astronomic observations) wouldn't reveal other signs of the origin of the universe, signs which are currently hidden from us (because we miss the required knowledge to observe them), and which would tell those future observers about the history of the universe anyway?
      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    16. Re:But even worse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I have a solution...

      Everyone eat more big macs, hopefully we can pull those galaxies and nebulae back together.

    17. Re:But even worse by lord_sarpedon · · Score: 2, Funny

      A China full of Qs huh? I can just imagine the untapped potential for humanity that would spring forth at that point.

      I can see it now -- penis enlargement then just a snap of the fingers away...

      Finally, a solution to spam! 100 billion years!

      --
      "Strangers have the best candy" -Me
    18. Re:But even worse by The+One+and+Only · · Score: 2, Insightful

      The ancient Stoics believed the universe was born out of fire, and will return to fire. The reason we don't believe this is because they apparently made this up instead of making observations like we do and applying a scientific method. I'm sure that a future civilization with our data, along with their data, will come closer to an accurate theory so long as (a) our data are accurate, (b) they accept our data as accurate, and (c) their data are also accurate. We would of course be better off with data from before now, but unless ancient Atlantis had radio telescopes and teams of physicists studying cosmology, we're pretty much stuck with what we've got. You're right--we can never be omniscient anyway.

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    19. Re:But even worse by Short+Circuit · · Score: 2, Interesting

      While I have no problem archiving information for future intelligences, I really don't think intelligences 100 billion years from now will have any more difficult a time understanding their universe as we do now. (I am assuming, of course, that those intelligences are of a similar nature intellectually to our own. This may not be the case...)

      Look at it this way: What if intelligences similar to ourselves were alive five billion years ago? Would they have any easier or more difficult understanding their universe as we do ours? How do we know that there weren't signals and information sources available then that have petered out today?

      What it all boils down to is the sensory nature of the intelligence. Our understanding of the universe is framed in how we understand our environment. Astrophysics is merely an application of our own interpretation of things which we have only limited tools to understand. If we could personally sense neutrinos or gravity waves, for example, wouldn't our understanding of the universe be much different? It's conceivable that, if life existed in a sufficiently early period of the universe, sensory details such as these could be vital for life, while things like visible-spectrum EM pictures would be useless.

      Who's to say that, 100 billion years from now, life will exist whose sensory perception takes advantage of physics that we can't? Astrophysics or quantum physics, there are things we don't understand. Perhaps the underlying causes would be more clear to life in 100 billion years than today.

    20. Re:But even worse by EugeneK · · Score: 1

      holy cow what's it feel like to be 93 years old? I wonder if I'll be posting on /. when I'm 93...doubt I'll make it as long as you, so hat's off and cheers for a healthy & long life.

    21. Re:But even worse by eu_virtual · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Theres a cool little story about these same questions here, for anyone that wants to read it: http://www.365tomorrows.com/06/23/37-hands/ Just a sneak peak: "He couldn't believe this debate was still going on. For years they had assumed that the Manhattan Inflation Trial in 4838 had put the lid on the silly notion that the universe contained billions of galaxies. Billions! Zed looked out the window at the smooth black plane of the night sky. One-two-three-four-five-six. Six galaxies. There they were. It was so basic, so obvious. Any kid with a neutron telescope could make the observation for themselves!"

    22. Re:But even worse by Linker3000 · · Score: 1

      ...or the Death By Chocolate if you had a large starter and main course.

      --
      AT&ROFLMAO
    23. Re:But even worse by localman · · Score: 1

      Even if we record the information, without the ability to experimentally verify it, the big bang will be nothing but legend to the people of the distant future. What irony! There will be nothing but an old book proclaiming universal expansion and cosmic microwave background and... would you believe anything you just read in some old book?

      Hmm. That really put our existence and it's long term futility into sharp perspective for me. Dammit.

    24. Re:But even worse by IdleTime · · Score: 1

      Hi! My real name is John Titor and I'm from the future...

      --
      If you mod me down, I *will* introduce you to my sister!
    25. Re:But even worse by kryten_nl · · Score: 1

      Nah, the bigger problem would seem to be that as far as we know we are the only sentients capable of taking advantage of the information currently available... which places a huge responsiblity on our shoulders.

      It's probably in Google's cache by now. Problem solved.

      --
      For the perfect anti-Unix, write an OS that thinks it knows what you're doing better than you do and let it be wrong.
    26. Re:But even worse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Here, take a cookie. I promise when you're finished eating it, you'll feel right as rain.

    27. Re:But even worse by rho · · Score: 2, Funny

      Here's what's always annoyed me about astronomers/cosmologists/telescope jockeys of all stripes. They love to talk about how what they do is science, and to the extent that they apply the scientific method to their work, they are right. But simply because they are applying the scientific method does not make what they produce a fact. After crunching some numbers, the space geeks come back to us and let us know that the Universe is 4 billion years old, not 5 billion years old like we thought.

      What? Only an idiot would say that. But "according to current theories, if all our observations are correct, and not accounting for things that we don't know and/or don't understand, we put a date of 4 billion years on the age of the Universe" doesn't really sync with how NOVA likes the TV show to flow. And of course coming out with a hard "fact" like that will totally piss off Vladimir Boroshitz who really ticked you off at the last astronomy convention when he hoarked the last Zima from the cash bar.

      It has always seemed to me that the further out into space you go, the more positive the starfags get. The composition and likelihood of a galaxy 200 million light-years away to contain life? "Pretty good!" Closer to home, they're all "we don't know this, we don't know that", because that means research money to send Lego to Europa to dig for microbes.

      --
      Potato chips are a by-yourself food.
    28. Re:But even worse by tiffany98121 · · Score: 1

      If they stood up to scientific scrutiny, they would deserve more investigation at the very least.

    29. Re:But even worse by Guppy06 · · Score: 1

      "back when the Earth was considered the center of a static universe."

      Assuming you're focusing on European culture, that's kinda hard to do when the reigning dogma says "In the beginning God created..." The static universe idea was mostly fostered in Eastern religions and by pagan Greek philosophers. If anything, Twentieth Century cosmology vindicated the Abrahamic view of a "beginning" for space-time and all therein, one that wasn't standing up well against classical physics with its conservation of mass and laws of thermodynamics.

    30. Re:But even worse by The+One+and+Only · · Score: 1

      It's possible, but I doubt the ancient Greeks had the same kind of backing data that we have to support the big bang hypothesis. It's a curious similarity, and it had occurred to me.

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    31. Re:But even worse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Can you imagine the ID vs Evolution argument in an apparently static universe? Oh wait.. just pick up a history book and check out the executions, exiles, pariahs, and all the other fun stuff that happened to/became of our scientific forefathers back when the Earth was considered the center of a static universe.

      I guess it is a good thing that executions on those same basis are now illegal or else the tables would be turned and those who still resist evolution as a lie would all be killed off by those who are lost into believing it is real. I bet if you had your way you would like to get rid of all the people who disagree with your belief in evolution. I assume you are on the evolution side of the debate given your hint of sarcasm.

    32. Re:But even worse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Good thing he's logged in, otherwise

      Slow down, cowboy, it has only been 87 years since your last post...

    33. Re:But even worse by wanerious · · Score: 1

      Great. Only now do I learn that I'm in a field infested with conspiracy theories and beholden to public television. And just when I thought cosmology was getting *really* interesting. Whoever these guys are coming up with the current storyline, just tell them to keep it up --- it's fascinating work. I suppose I'll trudge on, whether I'm really just a marionette or not.

    34. Re:But even worse by charlieman · · Score: 1

      Nahh... I'm ok with you being dead.

    35. Re:But even worse by ColdWetDog · · Score: 1

      Not to get excited, he's just a dyslexic 39.

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    36. Re:But even worse by The+One+and+Only · · Score: 2, Insightful

      What? Only an idiot would say that. But "according to current theories, if all our observations are correct, and not accounting for things that we don't know and/or don't understand, we put a date of 4 billion years on the age of the Universe" doesn't really sync with how NOVA likes the TV show to flow.

      That's pretty much implicit for everything we claim to know. You could just as well say, "according to current theories, if all observations are correct, and not accounting for things that we don't know and/or don't understand, force is the derivative of momentum with respect to time, while momentum is mass times velocity divided by a factor that converges to 1 unless you are traveling at very high rates of speed." Or, "according to current theories, if all observations are correct, and not accounting for things that we don't know and/or don't understand, energy cannot be created nor destroyed." Or, "according to current theories, if all observations are correct, and not accounting for things that we don't know and/or don't understand, this comment will appear on Slashdot if I click 'submit'."

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    37. Re:But even worse by TapeCutter · · Score: 1

      "But simply because they are applying the scientific method does not make what they produce a fact."

      Nothing produced by the "scientific method" is a "fact" and not a lot of what cosmologists produce is via the scientific method. The Universe really is mainly hydrogen and ignorance.

      --
      And did you exchange a walk on part in the war for a lead role in a cage? - Pink Floyd.
    38. Re:But even worse by SetupWeasel · · Score: 1

      Yes, but cosmology is not as easily observable and no way near as testable as the examples you give. We only see so little of the universe. The actual entirety of the universe might be bigger than we believe, and maybe even bigger than we can possibly imagine. We have no way of knowing; we can only assume and make theories. I personally think the idea of the dying universe is not a very likely one. If the energy of the universe is going to bleed out into nothingness, how did it collect in the first place? Hell, how did the universe get any energy at all?

      Cosmology has a loooooooong way to go before they really understand the fate of what we call the universe.

    39. Re:But even worse by jellomizer · · Score: 1

      Well I would say after the Big Bang Evidence is gone then that would be a chip away from the ID group. Because there are still a lot of very theoretical science on what started the big bang and what was before the big bang. So the ID people see unknowns in science as a proof of Gods design. I personally believe in ID on its most liberal level, where all the science works there is evolution we did come from lesser beings, except random variables are controlled by a higher intelligence. But because we have little or no chance of understanding the intelligence at its level we need to use random values as part of the equation. Now I am sure a lot of your people are going to Troll me because you don't believe in God and you can't grasp that ID Can fit with evolution. No I don't think ID should be taught in schools as an alternative method, If science Can't prove or unproved the existence of a God science needs to work on the assumption that God doesn't exist, and saying God did it QED is just a cop out because it stops the individual from exploring the science further (I think a lot of the more Radical forms of ID, was probably propitiated because kids didn't want to do their science homework and complained to their parents about it, saying it was against their religion). But ID has many different levels to it, first there is the creationist level which goes by a a book written a thousand years ago about events that happened 10 thousand years ago passed on by word of mouth for thousands of year, each year being exaggerated, translated to different languages. Creating a wonderful literary but unscientific story of the universe. vs. Liberal ID who just think the word Random implies controlled by God at some level

      --
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    40. Re:But even worse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But here's an interesting question--if documents were discovered from some ancient civilization that had a completely different cosmology, describing that cosmology, would you take those documents at face value? Suppose they contained measurements and recorded observations, as well as a prediction that future observations would differ in a certain way. I'm not sure the far future would believe us, so we would have some convincing to do.
      That's true; look at how many people don't believe in God anymore, now the he/she/it no longer interacts with us as blatantly as he/she/it used to (burning bushes, pillars of fire, and so forth).
      When believers point to the documentation available (i.e., the Bible), skeptics reply that current observations show no signs of his/her/its presence.
    41. Re:But even worse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Which makes a realization like this, IMO, nothing more than mental masturbation.

      I'm all for discovery, including letting the mind wander, however I'd like to see something more tangible being worked on here. Give me something I can use...

    42. Re:But even worse by Gilmoure · · Score: 1

      Hey, I'm 39. Doe stha tme an I'm actu ally 93?

      --
      I drank what? -- Socrates
    43. Re:But even worse by bhiestand · · Score: 1

      I prefer Death By Snu Snu.

      --
      SWM seeks new sig for a brief fling
    44. Re:But even worse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Wait... YOU don't understand something, therefore it makes no sense? Sorry, but I'm not going to rely on some mental midget to pass judgment on what is and isn't sound reasoning.

    45. Re:But even worse by somersault · · Score: 1

      I think we should leave behind records that stated that we all lived submerged in 300metres of custard, breathing nitrox and finding our way around by poking sharp sticks ahead of us. No reason they shouldn't take it at face value..

      --
      which is totally what she said
    46. Re:But even worse by Chas · · Score: 1

      "At that point you must subscribe to the "We are all gods" view of human potential."

      Now ask yourself.

      Do we really need an entire pantheon of millions or billions just to cover the simple bases of greed, stupidity, and downright avarice?

      --


      Chas - The one, the only.
      THANK GOD!!!
    47. Re:But even worse by BungaDunga · · Score: 1

      The distance from here to Mars is probably bigger than I can possibly imagine. The distance to the nearest galaxy? So many orders of magnitude larger than anything we can directly experience that distances become meaningless. I don't think it is a matter of energy "bleeding"- the universe just expands so much that energy gets spread more and more thinly and gravity can't hold clumps (ie, stars) together.

    48. Re:But even worse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      what happened to that galaxy far far away?

    49. Re:But even worse by The+One+and+Only · · Score: 1

      Especially if future civilizations have no concept of a practical joke.

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    50. Re:But even worse by clambake · · Score: 1

      Not to me, who WON'T be dead, because I didn't really like you anyway.

    51. Re:But even worse by The+One+and+Only · · Score: 1

      Your comment is insightful and intelligent enough, I'm not surprised it's moderated -1 from the outset. Another victory for the Slashdot moderation system. (Yes, I realize this is probably due to some poor decisions by you prior to this and has absolutely nothing to do with this post in particular, but even so...another victory for the Slashdot moderation system.)

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    52. Re:But even worse by plunge · · Score: 1

      Your particular theory of ID isn't wrong or bad, but as I think you understand the main issue is that it isn't very scientific or compelling. "You can't prove that God didn't arrange my next poker hand" is a true statement, but only because it is trivial. Anyone could make the same claim about any pet theory about anything. If you believe it, great, but you probably believe it for some other reason than that it's a convincing argument for belief, because it isn't.

    53. Re:But even worse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      oblig. Shrek quote:
      "Some of you may die.. but that's a risk I'm willing to take."

    54. Re:But even worse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Can you imagine the ID vs Evolution argument in an apparently static universe? Oh wait.. just pick up a history book and check out the executions, exiles, pariahs, and all the other fun stuff that happened to/became of our scientific forefathers back when the Earth was considered the center of a static universe."

      Hopefully, by that time even the average numbnuts will realize that there is no ID vs Evolution (actually I think most people know that ID incorporates evolution) or, more accurately, there is no Creation vs Evolution. They are answers to two entirely different questions.

      It's like we both look at an apple. I say "it's red" and you say "it's round". Does that mean that one of us must be wrong? Debating Creation or Evolution is like debating whether an apple is red or is it round.

  2. Perhaps by jshriverWVU · · Score: 1

    unless it starts to shrink back into itself and form a singularity before the next Big Bang. But hopefully by then we will have worked out the tech to create an n-dimentional bubble to sit in. Anyone else here read books on string theory? :)

    1. Re:Perhaps by bvimo · · Score: 1

      Nah, I prefer books on spring theory.

      --
      In either case, here at Microsoft, we feel standards are important. And we have fun, too. Doug Mahugh, Microsoft
    2. Re:Perhaps by DreadCthulhu · · Score: 1

      Current evidence suggest that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, thus it seems unlikely that it will shrink itself back down again.

    3. Re:Perhaps by jshriverWVU · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Just off the top of my head, I'm not a physicist but I like to read. If the universe is expanding then it must be a finite area. If it's a finite area it must have a finite amount of energy. So if movement and expansion uses energy, then since there is finite energy it can not extend to infinity, thus it will stop growing at some point. Also in a near or perfect vacuum even small objects have a gravitational pull so they will begin to attract each other, so the universe will more than likely come back together.

      The way I think of it is like taking a pot of boiling water and adding vegetable oil. Let turn off the fire and all those tiny bubbles of oil will start to come together. So if the universe works like that, it might be possible it wont come back together as a single singularity, but if there is enough distance that the gravitational forces don't attract the larger groups, it's possible we could end up with many pin-point size singularities and perhaps multiple big bangs.

      Again I'm not a physicist, so take it with a grain of salt and add noodles :)

    4. Re:Perhaps by 644bd346996 · · Score: 2, Informative

      Just off the top of my head, I'm not a physicist but I like to read. If the universe is expanding then it must be a finite area. Nope. The rest of your logic is sound, but unfortunately it depends on that false assumption. The standard analogy is to imagine a 2d universe existing on the surface of a balloon. As you inflate the balloon, all points on the surface move away from each other. Now, realize that this is completely independent of the volume of the balloon, and it does not even require a finite surface area. Then extrapolate to three dimensions.
    5. Re:Perhaps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just off the top of my head, I'm not a physicist but I like to read. If the universe is expanding then it must be a finite area. If it's a finite area it must have a finite amount of energy. So if movement and expansion uses energy, then since there is finite energy it can not extend to infinity

      Of course you assume that it doesn't take a finite amount of energy to place some object at infinity. Look up potential functions and you will see that it does in fact take only a finite amount of energy to place something at infinity (for example: an electric charge).

    6. Re:Perhaps by Timesprout · · Score: 2, Funny

      Personally I was very disappointed by the Big Boing theory, I found it bounced around with the main issues and tended to dampen my interest.

      --
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      What truth?
      There is no dupe
    7. Re:Perhaps by beyondkaoru · · Score: 3, Informative

      well, regardless of the acceleration observations (which might be caused by other junk pulling on us, unknown phenomena, whatever), it is possible that our galaxy and others were given enough oomph to reach escape velocity relative to everyone else; since space could go on forever (that is to say, the stuff in it might only cover a small portion of it), the oil in a pot analogy doesn't work.

      i know it might be a little counterintuitive, the concept of escape velocity (getting enough energy that you'll go fast enough to never have to be pulled back) might apply here. having finite energy does not mean that something can only go a finite distance.

      i think the confusion arises from the definition of 'universe' -- people often use it to refer to spacetime or also the stuff in it. in terms of the expansion, we're usually referring to how we notice that we're getting further away from most other things we can see.

      of course, all this speculation could get thrown out once we discover something tomorrow...

      --
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      you do have something to hide.
    8. Re:Perhaps by glesga_kiss · · Score: 4, Interesting

      unless it starts to shrink back into itself and form a singularity before the next Big Bang.

      That theory has always appealed to me as it solves once of the major questions of the universe. What led up to the big bang? The idea that the universe expands and collapse suggests that before the big bang there was another universe.

      To me, the idea that there needs to be a start-point for the universe seems a little too human. We have the start of our lives, the start of the day and ultimately it all ends for each of us. But the life of an inanimate object isn't quite like that. Why can't the universe have always existed? What is time anyway, other than an abstraction of counting how often something vibrates? Isn't the idea that "it's always been there" far easier to grasp than "once there was nothing, now there is everything"?

    9. Re:Perhaps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Also in a near or perfect vacuum even small objects have a gravitational pull so they will begin to attract each other, so the universe will more than likely come back together.

      Not neccessarily; dark energy, which we don't understand yet, seems to be pushing the farthest things away from us.

    10. Re:Perhaps by poopdeville · · Score: 1

      Just off the top of my head, I'm not a physicist but I like to read. If the universe is expanding then it must be a finite area.

      Nope. Think of the real numbers. They go on infinitely in both directions. However, the mapping f(x) = 2x is an expansion. That is to say, the distance between two points increases under the mapping.

      (Obviously, the distance between a point a and b is going to be |a-b|. The distance between f(a) and f(b) is |f(a) - f(b)| = |2a - 2b| = 2|a-b|.)

      So if movement and expansion uses energy, then since there is finite energy it can not extend to infinity, thus it will stop growing at some point.

      "Extending to infinity" is a tricky idea to pin down. No offense, but I don't think you would understand any solid formulation I could give in a reasonable amount of time. Basically, in this context, there is no object that is infinite and a number.

      --
      After all, I am strangely colored.
    11. Re:Perhaps by Eternauta3k · · Score: 1

      That theory has always appealed to me as it solves once of the major questions of the universe. What led up to the big bang? The idea that the universe expands and collapse suggests that before the big bang there was another universe
      Err...
      Umm...
      Enthropy?
      --
      Yeah. Would you choose a neurosurgeon who pokes around people's brains in his spare time? I wouldn't.
    12. Re:Perhaps by garlicbready · · Score: 1

      I'm not an expert on this sort of stuff so be warned this is just speculation
      not based on any kind of math and is full of holes

      but even though it's space time that may be expanding and not the matter in the universe
      (the fabric on which everything sits instead of the matter on the fabric)
      If that expansion is somehow linked to energy and matter and time
      e.g. gravity is the opposite, a contraction of space time (and gravity is linked to the amount of mass)
      then it's possible that the expansion could be limited or finite
      perhaps it's all that energy being thrown off by all those stars which will eventually burn out
      (I could be wrong but I think we're still a bit unsure at the moment how a black hole at the center of a galaxy holds everything together)

      Assuming for the moment that the expansion doesn't stop
      If the universe was circular (if you go far enough in one direction you end up back where you started)
      and nothing really can ever be considered still or at a full stop reference point
      then it's possible that everything would collide into a singularity at some point given enough time
      I know electric fields extend infinitely (although get immeasurable after a certain distance) if the same was true for gravity
      this would also add to the possibility of an eventual collision with a singularity given enough time
      think Asteroids on a much much bigger scale and in 3D (like the Amiga version)

      the only definite limitless force I've heard of is the attraction of a singularity
      I always figured that if you could fly a ship right into one of these things (and survive to see what was going on)
      from an outside perspective (if you could see it) because of the stretching of space time you'd travel slower and slower the closer
      you got to the center (never quite getting there) the first thing to fall in would be the closest
      but nothing would reach the center from an outside point of view just be suspended above the center never quite reaching there

      from an inside point of view looking through the window to the outside (assuming your not dead and can see through all the bent light)
      everything would appear to speed up and spin around
      10 years on the outside in one second on the inside
      1000 years for every second, and so on until things are going so fast that the eventuality is that everything on the outside
      (including other singularities) has fallen in
      at this point there would be no outside perspective as there would be nothing on the outside it would all be inside
      making any definition of time on the outside meaningless
      since nothing has reached the center at this point and there's no longer any outside point of view
      the only thing that's left is the inside point of view
      which would be every atom of matter all hitting the center at the same time

    13. Re:Perhaps by Short+Circuit · · Score: 1

      I remember ages ago, when I was trying to put together a mass-spring model simulation, I would search for things like "mass-spring", and keep coming up with usenet spam for "Spring Theory".

    14. Re:Perhaps by Ajehals · · Score: 1

      Bravo Sir. Bravo.

    15. Re:Perhaps by Planesdragon · · Score: 1

      So, how'd we get to the big bang in the first place?

      You know, the state where we had (at plank-second zero) 0% entropy?

    16. Re:Perhaps by speaker+of+the+truth · · Score: 1

      One could say the same thing about a balloon. To be honest I doubt we have anywhere near enough knowledge to accurately predict what will happen in the end.

      --
      Using openSUSE instead of Windows since 9th of October, 2007 and liking it.
    17. Re:Perhaps by Nasarius · · Score: 1

      It may be philosophically appealing, but current evidence suggests that it's unlikely. Of course, given how much we don't know about the universe, who can say.

      --
      LOAD "SIG",8,1
    18. Re:Perhaps by crontabminusell · · Score: 1

      The way I think of it is like taking a pot of boiling water and adding vegetable oil.

      Again I'm not a physicist, so take it with a grain of salt and add noodles :)

      Sounds like you're more a chef than a physicist. ;)

    19. Re:Perhaps by Guppy06 · · Score: 1

      "What led up to the big bang?"

      See, there's a problem with that statement...

      "What is time anyway, other than an abstraction of counting how often something vibrates?"

      Time and space are inherently intertwined (see special relativity), and space-time is something that expanded from and did not exist (ahem) "before" the Big Bang. So what you ask may or may not be a valid question, but realize that it makes as much sense as (indeed, is the same question as) "What's outside the universe?"

    20. Re:Perhaps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What's the difference between that and "God did it"?

    21. Re:Perhaps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "See, there's a problem with that statement..."

      Agreed. To give a picture of why it doesn't make sense, ask yourself: "What's south of the south pole?"

      Time is a direction in spacetime, the same as south is a direction on the Earth's surface. It doesn't have to make sense everywhere.

    22. Re:Perhaps by glitch23 · · Score: 1, Informative

      What is time anyway, other than an abstraction of counting how often something vibrates? Isn't the idea that "it's always been there" far easier to grasp than "once there was nothing, now there is everything"?

      Regarding your rhetorical time question, I'd suggest you read the Fabric of the Cosmos by Brian Greene. Since I'm only halfway through it myself I can't guarantee it will answer your question but he seems to be leading up to it in the book. He also discusses what creates the arrow of time.

      As far as your 2nd statement is concerned, you would think that to say "it's always been there" would be easier to grasp but don't you feel compelled to ask "why would it have always been there"?

      Also, to counter the other part of your comparison ("once there was nothing, now there is everything") I'd say that to grasp that you just have to consider the fact that the universe is expanding and within the part that is expanding you have all the stuff we can see and what we are familiar with but on the other side of that boundary what is there? The only thing there could be would be nothing. The universe hasn't expanded that far yet. Space hasn't reached those locations yet. The same thing that is there is the same thing that would have existed prior to the creation of the universe.

      So in that regard, the question of what is easier to grasp is really simpler to answer and shifts the answer to the other part of your comparison. Something from nothing is easier to understand. It makes more senses for something to have a beginning and an end especially when the "nothing" still exists where the "something" hasn't yet reached so we still have evidence of both the "nothing" and the "something" to help us understand what it was like to just have a "nothing".

      --
      this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom. -- Lincoln, Gettysburg Address
    23. Re:Perhaps by ross.w · · Score: 1

      Hopefully, someone will build a restaurant there so we can watch it happen over dinner.

      --
      If my call is important, why am I talking to a recording?
    24. Re:Perhaps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Only books about how string theory is wrong. The Trouble with Physics started it off for me, and since I've read book after book, and have finally caught on that string "theory" is junk science, and not the answer to theoretical physics at all. I blame Brian Greene.

    25. Re:Perhaps by Nazlfrag · · Score: 1

      Well we don't even know in any certain manner that the cosmic background radiation is anything but a localized event, say a still-dissipating nearby supernova or hitherto unknown stellar phenomena. The big bang theory doesn't hinge on background radiation though, we just use it to estimate the age of the universe. There are many other factors contributing to the theory of the origin of the universe though, so even if it drops below ambient levels it won't hinder other avenues of approach on the big bang theory.

    26. Re:Perhaps by melikamp · · Score: 1

      If I understand it correctly, there was no time before the Big Bang, and so nothing "led up to it" in a temporal sense.

    27. Re:Perhaps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Isn't the idea that "it's always been there" far easier to grasp than "once there was nothing, now there is everything"?

      Yeah, but once we gave up that idea we realised that real progress was possible.

    28. Re:Perhaps by Corporate+Troll · · Score: 1

      But the life of an inanimate object isn't quite like that.

      It isn't?!? Please clarify.... Everything has a beginning and an end. The rock in your garden, was once a part from a mountain, a mountain that itself began it's life when two tectonic plaques collided, tectonic plaques that formed when earth cooled down, an earth that solidified when the suns accretion disk solified....

      Do you want me to go on? Everything, even inanimate objects have a beginning... and an end...

    29. Re:Perhaps by master_p · · Score: 1

      Neither view (i.e. the infinitely existing universe vs the big bang) makes sense, because neither answers the question of 'why'.

    30. Re:Perhaps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Well we don't even know in any certain manner that the cosmic background radiation is anything but a localized event, say a still-dissipating nearby supernova or hitherto unknown stellar phenomena."

      Incorrect. The CMB is 1) isotropic, therefore non-stellar (more stars in certain directions in the sky, yet no more CMB).
      2) Exhibits a Doppler shift due to the motion of the Galaxy with respect to the early Universe. The Galaxy is also moving in the same sense with respect to the average of other galaxies. See any CMB primer.
      3) The precise shape of the CMB can be used to make cosmological measurements, these agree with other methods such as observing distant galaxy clusters. http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn5007
      4) CMB radiation that has passed through distant galaxy clusters and been altered (Compton up-scattering) has been detected. Therefore the source of the CMB is beyond the clusters. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunyaev-Zel'dovich_ef fect

    31. Re:Perhaps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Isn't the idea that "it's always been there" far easier to grasp than "once there was nothing, now there is everything"?


      Of course it is. That's why so many people find it easier to believe in a god (or gods), who has "always been there" than the idea that life, the universe, and everything came about ex nihilo... of course, these same people, generally, go on to suggest that life, the universe, and everything except for their god[s] then went on to create everything else, from nothing, although there are some who believe that their god[s] had something to work with.


      Myself, I don't see what the point of an argument on these matters is... ultimately, questions of this nature devolve into either the belief that something had to come from nothing, or that everything has always been (and always will be). I find the 1st law of thermodynamics, taken in conjunction with special relativity to be useful, in these cases.

    32. Re:Perhaps by Torvaun · · Score: 1

      Maxwell's Demon.

      --
      I see your informative link, and raise you a pithy comment.
    33. Re:Perhaps by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      To me, the idea that there needs to be a start-point for the universe seems a little too human... ...Why can't the universe have always existed? I agree completely. I seem to have no problem with the idea that the three spacial dimensions have always existed (even if there hasn't always been matter occupying them). Why must the dimension of time have a beginning and an end?

      Then again, the word "always" is, loosely, a description of a time interval... but I digress.
    34. Re:Perhaps by loyukfai · · Score: 1
      Isn't the idea that "it's always been there" far easier to grasp than "once there was nothing, now there is everything"?

      If I were not mistaken, based on the current most popular theory, that the universe should be dead cool, if the universe have "always existed", which I assume is talking about something maybe, billions, or even trillions, of years.

      At least that's my understanding from reading Stephen Hawking's books.

      P.S. Don't forget that, afterall, it's based on merely a scientific theory, which has so far seem to provide a well enough explanation with regard to the universe age, and is consistent with the observation, so far.

  3. Assuming of course... by throatmonster · · Score: 1, Insightful

    ...that those "intelligences" alive 100 billion years from now won't be any more intelligent that we are, and won't have any better technology to separate out the information from the noise. Who cares anyway? It won't matter to me.

    --
    All pass beyond reach of medicine. None pass beyond the reach of love.
    1. Re:Assuming of course... by Timesprout · · Score: 1

      And also assuming they dont develop time travel so they wont care about trying to detect it because they can just go and watch it.

      --
      Do not try to read the dupe, thats impossible. Instead, only try to realize the truth
      What truth?
      There is no dupe
    2. Re:Assuming of course... by Teresita · · Score: 1

      And also assuming they dont develop time travel so they wont care about trying to detect it because they can just go and watch it. Which assumes that the past exists as an objective record, beyond what we remember or write down. And THAT assumes that atoms are leaving behind little copies of themselves from moment to moment as "now" sweeps into the future.

    3. Re:Assuming of course... by Timesprout · · Score: 4, Funny

      Please, if you want to contribute to the conversation then make sure your science is grounded in Star Trek, anything else will just confuse us.

      --
      Do not try to read the dupe, thats impossible. Instead, only try to realize the truth
      What truth?
      There is no dupe
    4. Re:Assuming of course... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Mark my words, time travel in the normal sense is impossible. It's impossible because "time" doesn't exist. State changes, that's it.

      While actually traveling through time is impossible, it may be possible to observe the past if you can figure out a way to travel faster than light (or observe some other currently undiscovered particle).

    5. Re:Assuming of course... by wellingj · · Score: 1

      LISTEN EVERY ONE! MARK THIS AC'S WORDS FOR TRUTH!!!!
      but really how can we mark your words if we don't know who you are?

      The amount of armchair science that gets flung around /. is often times sickening.
      Provide links to back up crack-potiness. Otherwise why bother with speculation...

      And no... IANNAH (I Am Not New Around Here)

    6. Re:Assuming of course... by Orestesx · · Score: 1

      Ok, since you've clearly got all this figured out, using your presupposition that Faster-than-light travel is possible, you travel to some far away planet at faster than the speed of light (say, at a rate of 10,000 light years/year) and look back at earth and see early man hunting mammoths. You get back in your spaceship and travel at the same speed back to earth. What do you see when you get back?

      I'm not saying that I believe time travel is possible, I agree, it's doesn't seem possible. But it's kind of silly to mention FTL (something not accepted by scientific orthodoxy) when you've already stated you don't believe in (reverse) time travel (something else not accepted by scientific orthodoxy).

    7. Re:Assuming of course... by Orestesx · · Score: 1

      That's the cool thing though "crack-potiness" doesn't require links. Links wouldn't even be helpful because as we all know it is impossible to prove that time travel isn't possible (can't prove a negative!). Besides, what he is talking about isn't really science, it's philosophy.

      Armchair scientists, armchair generals, armchair lawyers. This is slashdot.

    8. Re:Assuming of course... by martin_henry · · Score: 0

      While actually traveling through time is impossible,... How did I not hear about the experiment that proved this??

      Mark my words, time travel in the normal sense is impossible. Ah, ok. That clearly proves it right there....
      --
      www.purevolume.com/martyd
    9. Re:Assuming of course... by UnixRawks · · Score: 0
      ...that those "intelligences" alive 100 billion years from now won't be any more intelligent that we are, and won't have any better technology to separate out the information from the noise. Who cares anyway? It won't matter to me.

      Which goes to show evolution is a farce.

      --
      I
    10. Re:Assuming of course... by gomiam · · Score: 1
      (can't prove a negative!)

      Absence of proof is not proof of absence, but proof of absence might still exist.

    11. Re:Assuming of course... by Short+Circuit · · Score: 1

      Your argument doesn't make sense if time flows uniformly for all stationary frames of reference. (I.e. a universal frame of reference.)

      Let's say you have two planets 1 LY apart. An observer travels from planet A to planet B at 10 LY/y, so it takes him (from the perspective of the universe) five weeks to get from A to B.

      He looks back at planet A, and can just make out himself on training exercises for the journey he just made, 47 weeks ago. The thing is, the common frame of reference for both planets recognizes that this took place 47 weeks ago. That planet B is seeing this does not mean the events are only just now occurring; The light simply took a full year to reach his new observation point, and he passed it on his way to planet B.

      Now he travels at 10 LY/y back to planet A, taking another five weeks. It's now ten weeks since he left, by planet A's account. In 47 weeks, he can watch himself set out from planet B.

      What's the problem here?

    12. Re:Assuming of course... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ... would be any google's product out of beta?

    13. Re:Assuming of course... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Let me guess: you've discovered a remarkable proof which your comment is too small to contain.

    14. Re:Assuming of course... by Randall311 · · Score: 1

      I don't see a problem there since the observer cannot see beyond the speed of light relative to where he is currently located. So it took him 10 weeks to travel 1 light year and back. But everyone on planet A will be exactly one year older by the time he returned, but he will only have aged 10 weeks, assuming that he instantaneously turns around once he arrives on planet B. You're assuming that the universe is a common point of reference here, but is it really? It's possible that time is actually affected by or is related to gravitational forces. If the observer originates from planet A in system A, it is possible that once he gets to planet B in system B the "rules" of the universe are different then system A knows them to be. It's just a thought, but it's possible that everything we know or think we know about the universe could in fact be localized to our own solar system. Has anyone been outside our solar system that can prove otherwise? Not yet. Look at the unexplained phenomena that are happening to spacecraft that begin to leave our solar system such as The Pioneer Anomaly. We need to expand our scientific knowledge and continuously refine our "Laws of Physics" in order to help answer questions. And, as always, experimentation is needed to help prove our theories. FTL travel may in fact be impossible, hell maybe even 1/2 speed of light travel is impossible. We will never know for sure until we try.

    15. Re:Assuming of course... by Short+Circuit · · Score: 1

      I wasn't clear enough. In my scenario, only ten weeks had passed (in total) for observation points at planet A and planet B. I leave to conjecture the time passed for our traveler. Time probably wouldn't dilate at the relativistic rates we're used to in such a scenario.

    16. Re:Assuming of course... by master_p · · Score: 1

      Except if DNF goes gold at that time...

  4. This really makes you wonder... by Bacon+Bits · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I really wonder what we've missed simply because the evidence is long gone.

    --
    The road to tyranny has always been paved with claims of necessity.
    1. Re:This really makes you wonder... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      What you mean like His blueprints? It's amazing what can disappear in 6000 years...

    2. Re:This really makes you wonder... by captn+ecks · · Score: 1

      And of course if you think about it this 'has' to be true to some extent. Hence the 'problems' with finding out what happened 'before' the big bang, etc.

      Hmmmm... this makes scienctific research a very stable career option!

    3. Re:This really makes you wonder... by noidentity · · Score: 1

      I'm sorry, you need to turn in your "human" card. You can't go questioning our dogmatic knowledge that we know everything and aren't missing anything.

      (seriously, good question)

    4. Re:This really makes you wonder... by glesga_kiss · · Score: 1

      What you mean like His blueprints? It's amazing what can disappear in 6000 years...

      Has He looked down the back of the sofa? That's where I usually find things.

    5. Re:This really makes you wonder... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      You can't go questioning our dogmatic knowledge that we know everything and aren't missing anything.

      It is not dogmatism, it is just pragmatism. If you have no means to know some belief you hold is actually a falsehood, you should consider it as a true belief. If you don't, the only thing you will ever know about universe is that you exist.

      Knowing that we may be mistaken because we may be missing critical information has great utility. If our cosmology is incorrect (which is quite possible as it is currently also incomplete) we can know about that by observing something new, something that doesn't fit our current understanding. We can formulate a better cosmology only if we consider the possibility that we might be mistaken in our previous understanding of the universe. This kind of lack of faith in our understanding is beneficial.

      OTOH If the only evidence for incorrectness is -by definition- unknowable for us, we may as well consider our cosmology is correct. Considering that there may be a mistake that can never be found about gives us no new information, it leads to no new understanding. In fact, it destroys all our knowledge except that we do exist. IOW the alternative to "dogma" is pure, useless solipsism.

    6. Re:This really makes you wonder... by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      I really wonder what we've missed simply because the evidence is long gone.

      Hydrogen is people!

    7. Re:This really makes you wonder... by General+Wesc · · Score: 1

      It is not dogmatism, it is just pragmatism. If you have no means to know some belief you hold is actually a falsehood, you should consider it as a true belief. If you don't, the only thing you will ever know about universe is that you exist.

      Your first paragraph seems to be predicated on belief being boolean. It's not. I suspect I'll live past the age of fifty, I'm pretty sure I won't have a heart attack in the next few hours, really sure I didn't die an hour ago, and I'm dead certain 1+1=2. Not being dead certain about everything does not lead to pan-scepticism. I don't think this is true of any knowledge. Saying 'We might be wrong' does not lead me to pure, useless solipsism, even if we can't possibly know if we're wrong. 'We might be wrong, and therefore we shouldn't act on the assumption that we're right' might. (The claim that we might be wrong could be useless, but it doesn't make the things we might be wrong about useless.)

      Of course, this is all fairly irrelevant. But it's impossible to make a joke without people like me (and you, it seems) turning it into a philosophical debate. Rule #1 of hosting a party: Never invite more than one philosopher. :-)

    8. Re:This really makes you wonder... by Genda · · Score: 1

      The answer is we've missed nothing. Until fairly recently the rate of universal expansion was slowing down. We can measure these things with red shift (looking at galaxies at different distances) and a variety of other techniques. So the beginning of our universe hasn't yet disappeared over the visible horizon. A billion years from now... that may not be the case.

    9. Re:This really makes you wonder... by scervisiae · · Score: 1

      We know we have missed everything that happened between time 0 and 1 Plank time-units.

    10. Re:This really makes you wonder... by dreamchaser · · Score: 1

      You mean the beginning of large scale structure in the Universe are still in our reach. You say we've missed nothing, but we have no known way to *ever* see back to the initial conditions at the 'moment' (terms referring to time are rather irrelevant the 'instant' before 'time' began) just prior to whatever created the Universe.

    11. Re:This really makes you wonder... by Bacon+Bits · · Score: 1

      How do you know we haven't missed anything? There are two types of unknowns: Unknowns we know we do not know, and unknowns we do not know we do not know.

      The assumption that human intelligence is capable of knowing and understanding every aspect of the universe in it's entirety using science is little more than hubris. Laplace's demon is a myth.

      --
      The road to tyranny has always been paved with claims of necessity.
    12. Re:This really makes you wonder... by fm6 · · Score: 1

      Hello? Circular reasoning? You're saying there is no lost evidence because there's room for it in the big bang theory. But a current theory, by definition, is based on evidence that is not lost.

  5. God Did It by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The Creationists were right, and God created a universe that lies about its own past. It's just taking him a while to finish covering up all His tracks, that's all.

    Humans are a throwaway test case to see what holes He still needs to plug before He introduces His _real_ creation in a hundred billion years.

  6. How much has already been lost? by Teresita · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    Maybe God already wrote "Yeah I did it" in Hebrew using subtle differences in the Microwave Background Radiation that was clearly detectable from about 300,000 years after the big bang until roughly around the time he had enough trans-helium elements to start toying around making planets.

    1. Re:How much has already been lost? by Admiral+Ag · · Score: 4, Funny

      No. In ancient Hebrew he would have written "YH DD T" or more likely "YHWH WS HR LLZ!"

      --
      "by that I mean people who don't sit on slashdot all day wondering why everyone else isn't building robots" DECS
    2. Re:How much has already been lost? by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      No, he wrote "Sorry for the inconvenience."

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    3. Re:How much has already been lost? by KylePflug · · Score: 1

      "YHWH WS HR LLZ!"

      It's entirely possible that this comment is the single funniest thing I've ever read on slashdot.
    4. Re:How much has already been lost? by Planesdragon · · Score: 0, Redundant

      No. In ancient Hebrew he would have written "YH DD T" or more likely "YHWH WS HR LLZ!"

      You're assuming that God typically writes in Hebrew. Which presumes that, not only did the Israelites maintain a separate language from Abraham to Moses, but that Abraham maintained his language even when he forgot God -- and that the language his ancestor were given at Babel was the original tongue, and that there were no variations between Adam and Noah, AND that the written word taught to Adam was the language that God uses when He writes stuff down.

    5. Re:How much has already been lost? by rho · · Score: 1

      Christ way to kill a joke.

      Do you interrupt chicken-crossing-the-road jokes to talk about poultry science too?

      --
      Potato chips are a by-yourself food.
    6. Re:How much has already been lost? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Okay. I'll admit I don't get it. But hey, it's a Monday.

      Can someone clue me in?

  7. Well, maybe not with current methods, but... by Slashboo · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Sure, maybe the evidence we have now to back up our theories on the beginning of the universe will not exist in the far future, but what makes people think that this is the only evidence there is? I'm sure that by the time current evidence become unavailable, future scientists will already find other evidence to replace it.

    --
    Reality is the original Rorschach.
    1. Re:Well, maybe not with current methods, but... by kebes · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I was at a physics conference a few years ago and one of the plenary lectures was on this topic. The speaker basically put forth all the various cosmological models (expanding universe with slowing expansion, universe that eventually collapses back on itself, etc.) and concluded that: "Based on our current understanding, we live in the worst possible universe."

      This is because, according to our best measurements, the universe it not only expanding, but the rate of expansion is increasing with time. Thus the universe's expansion is accelerating (this is the indirect evidence for "Dark Energy").

      This is "the worst possible scenario" because it can easily be shown (in a mathematically rigorous way) that as expansion occurs, the universe will become isolated islands of matter, which are flying away from each other so fast that they cannot hope to communicate with one another. This means that ultimately no information from one region of the universe can ever reach another region, which makes it impossible to reconstruct what happened in the distant past. Worse still, it can be shown that this leads to "Heat Death", where the universe becomes very very cold (because, for example, objects radiate energy that is lost into space and never comes back, nor is replaced by any influx of energy). The end result is that there is not enough energy density to sustain life or any organized constructs. So the end state is one of extremely high entropy, with no usable information content.

      This is not just a matter of not having good enough technology. The problem is that the universe will expand and local regions will irrevocably lose the ability to probe the past. Information will be inaccessible. No matter how good your technology is, the evidence will simply be locally nonexistent (because information can't travel faster than the speed of light).

      Now, having said all that, it's entirely possible that new measurements will point to something previously unknown (e.g. perhaps the explanation for dark energy changes the conclusions entirely). However if current models are mostly correct, then a progression towards locally isolated regions of space, who have no access to cosmological history, is inevitable.

    2. Re:Well, maybe not with current methods, but... by Short+Circuit · · Score: 1

      This is "the worst possible scenario" because it can easily be shown (in a mathematically rigorous way) that as expansion occurs, the universe will become isolated islands of matter, which are flying away from each other so fast that they cannot hope to communicate with one another. Here's a mindblower for you...what if that's what a universe is?
  8. AAhhhhh! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    > 100-billion-years from now

    Aaaaahhh! 100 billion years, you're stressing me out!

  9. The authors make some questionable assumptions by Daniel+Dvorkin · · Score: 4, Insightful

    - The current model of the universe's origin is essentially correct. What if we're the ones living in a "post-cosmology universe," and the evidence for what really happened has faded so much that we can't detect it?

    - Currently observable stars, background radiation, etc., are all we or anyone else will ever be able to observe. Almost surely, we'll come up with better technology to observe the stuff we already know to look for; quite possibly, we'll discover entirely new things (different forms of radiation, etc.) to use in forming a more complete picture. The same goes for our hypothetical observers in the far future.

    - Human perception is as good as it gets. Anything living 100 billon years from now will be so different from us that it may perceive the world around it in completely different ways, and will accordingly have different technology for astronomy and everything else.

    --
    The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
    1. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by Timesprout · · Score: 1

      What if we're the ones living in a "post-cosmology universe," and the evidence for what really happened has faded so much that we can't detect it?
      Then our Bible would actually be Bible II and Bible I would tell us what really happened.
      --
      Do not try to read the dupe, thats impossible. Instead, only try to realize the truth
      What truth?
      There is no dupe
    2. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by Icarus1919 · · Score: 1

      Are you trying to tell me humans aren't the most important thing in the universe? Pish tosh!

    3. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Pish tosh!

      Is that Peter Tosh's son or something?

    4. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by Movi · · Score: 1

      > What if we're the ones living in a "post-cosmology universe," and the evidence for what really happened has faded so much that we can't detect it? What's more, what if this is a circular process? What if the universe expands and collapses in a certain time, and no civilization ever managed to evolve so rapidly as to avoid its demise? That would be the ultimate evolutionary shaping process - to create a species which could whitstand the destruction of its universe. Think for a moment what that would mean.

    5. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by Colin+Smith · · Score: 1

      Human perception is as good as it gets. Anything living 100 billon years from now will be so different from us that it may perceive the world around it in completely different ways, and will accordingly have different technology for astronomy and everything else. The eye has developed independently several times on earth. You only need two for distance perception. We are bipedal because a 3rd leg would be unnecessary, and 1 wouldn't be up to the task of allowing us to survive. We needed to free up two limbs to act as manipulators. Ears allow us to hear prey and predators, again only two required for distance and direction perception.

      Basically, there's good reason to believe that any intelligent technologically sophisticated life which exists won't be entirely dissimilar.

      --
      Deleted
    6. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by QuantumG · · Score: 1

      All those arguments were made by astronomers and physicists, and before the genome revolution. Go ask a genetic biologist why we look the way we do and you'll find that the quadratic configuration has more to do with fish DNA than it has to do with what's simplest.

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    7. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      - The current model of the universe's origin is essentially correct. What if we're the ones living in a "post-cosmology universe," and the evidence for what really happened has faded so much that we can't detect it?

      Of course, this is the case. We need quantum gravity, at least. Why else don't our models yet describe what went on inside the Big Bang in detail? "But that's only infinitesimal fractions of a second!" Only seems small by comparison with the years our bodies happen to live.

      But as far as what we think we know, the evidence we have (and they will lack) has been sufficient to convince the entire scientific community to change its views. Redshift data and the CMB alone show very clearly that the universe is currently expanding from a former state of thermal equilibrium; as scientific statements go, these ones really are incontrovertible. On a scale of "How likely are you to be right," doubting them is akin to doubting evolution (but perhaps it deserves less ridicule than we usually give creationists; not many laymen actually understand the data). If observers in the future cannot discover that the Big Bang happened, then we will almost certainly know something they do not. They may know things we do not know, and we may share ignorance of other things (like the details of the Big Bang), but those are separate issues.

      The sobering thought your question raises is "What if there isn't enough information for us to find all the answers about cosmology, even if we can find more than those other guys will?" Well, we've always known that might be. It will be sad though, if we're still around in a millenium and we've had to admit defeat.

      - Currently observable stars, background radiation, etc., are all we or anyone else will ever be able to observe. Almost surely, we'll come up with better technology to observe the stuff we already know to look for;

      Yes, we'll develop better technology, but there are limits set by the need for usable statistics. If the signal is completely washed out, there's only so much you can do.

      quite possibly, we'll discover entirely new things (different forms of radiation, etc.) to use in forming a more complete picture. The same goes for our hypothetical observers in the far future.

      Likely true, but there remains the question: if this new radiation is so hard to detect, how much harder would it be to form a detailed image with it? We discovered light before we discovered neutrinos because very few neutrinos are blocked even by the Earth, much less by a smaller detector. If it takes huge sensor arrays to detect 10 neutrinos a day, it seems an impossible task to use them for measurements. Then how can new radiation that's even harder to detect serve us better?

      It's possible, don't get me wrong. But unless the laws of physics change substantially in that time, it's hard to see how.

      - Human perception is as good as it gets. Anything living 100 billon years from now will be so different from us that it may perceive the world around it in completely different ways, and will accordingly have different technology for astronomy and everything else.

      Yes, but it must still perceive a signal of some kind, and we don't know of any type of signal that will be useful for this in the future, hence the article. If they experience everything in Fourier transform space or something, it's hard to see that it would help. If they receive signals from some other media, then we're back to undiscovered types of radiation.

      Granted, we can't rule out all your objections, but I'm inclined to raise another one which contains slightly more hope. As we learn more about cosmology, we will hopefully find more subtle signatures of the Big Bang, which may not be eradicated in the future. Not necessarily new physics, new forms of radiation, etc.; just someone going "You know, we never thought of this, but here's something else the Big Bang model predicts."

    8. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by MightyYar · · Score: 1

      What's your nomination? I mean, at first I laughed at your comment... but then I thought about it... if not humans, then what exactly would be more important?

      --
      W..w..W - Willy Waterloo washes Warren Wiggins who is washing Waldo Woo.
    9. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      - Human perception is as good as it gets. Anything living 100 billon years from now will be so different from us that it may perceive the world around it in completely different ways, and will accordingly have different technology for astronomy and everything else.

      Almost everything we currently observe in science is outside the range of human perception. The limitations of human perception (or the perception of whatever intelligent beings there will be in the far future) is largely irrelevant. This doesn't of course invalidate your other two points.
      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    10. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by martin_henry · · Score: 0

      no civilization ever managed to evolve correct - civilizations don't evolve, populations evolve.

      Think for a moment what that would mean. it's pretty hard to imagine 100 billion years in the future...i have trouble remembering last friday & imagining next week :P
      --
      www.purevolume.com/martyd
    11. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by khallow · · Score: 1

      All those arguments were made by astronomers and physicists, and before the genome revolution. Go ask a genetic biologist why we look the way we do and you'll find that the quadratic configuration has more to do with fish DNA than it has to do with what's simplest.

      If a genetic biologist gives that answer, then they are wrong. It's clear that humans have changed vastly from fish. Fish don't have the advanced characteristics that make us unusual. Eg, high intelligence, grasping hands, linguistic ability, etc. So some characteristics that came from fish have been retained, but much has been discarded or radically changed. The quadratic configuration has stayed probably because it still is superior to alternatives. There's been hundreds of millions of years in which to try out different forms. And given that non-quadratic configurations (both in humans and animals) still are born on occasion, it seems to me that the quadratic form survives because it is superior to other possible morphological forms.

      I think the more fundamental levels of metabolics are a better example of being trapped in a particular evolutionary route. Without some sort of extreme biological engineering, we're not going to change how the chemical processes in our cells occur. We're locked in at that level, I think.
    12. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by ChronosWS · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I'm no biologist, but it's not that quadratic configurations are superior to other forms, but rather than they are sufficiently adapted to allow propogation of the genes. It could be that there are several possible morphologies, but this one was the first one which evolved which was well-enough suited. WIth competition for resources, other kinds may have evolved later but could not compete. On a hypothetical alternate world, a different morphology may have been initially evolved which was suitable, and provided a different template for evolution there, beating out a late-coming quadratic configuration.

      But generally it does seem to me we have, at least in gross physiology, pretty much just what we need and not much more, so your theory seems reasonable.

    13. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by Goaway · · Score: 1

      The current model of the universe's origin is essentially correct. What if we're the ones living in a "post-cosmology universe," and the evidence for what really happened has faded so much that we can't detect it?

      If you actually read the article, they suggest that the real importance of this discovery is exactly the possibility that something along these lines might have already happened.

      Human perception is as good as it gets.

      You think astronomers look at the sky with their eyes these days?

    14. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by Guppy06 · · Score: 1

      "What if we're the ones living in a "post-cosmology universe," and the evidence for what really happened has faded so much that we can't detect it?"

      Because what we're seeing is evidence of change, that something actually happened. Even if we're lacking information, the information we do have couldn't have always existed, and something phenomenal must have happened to bring about a change. What the future will lack is evidence of change, nothing to suggest that what they're seeing now is all there ever was to see.

    15. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by king-manic · · Score: 1

      If a genetic biologist gives that answer, then they are wrong. It's clear that humans have changed vastly from fish. Fish don't have the advanced characteristics that make us unusual. Eg, high intelligence, grasping hands, linguistic ability, etc. So some characteristics that came from fish have been retained, but much has been discarded or radically changed. The quadratic configuration has stayed probably because it still is superior to alternatives. There's been hundreds of millions of years in which to try out different forms. And given that non-quadratic configurations (both in humans and animals) still are born on occasion, it seems to me that the quadratic form survives because it is superior to other possible morphological forms.

      You mean more successful then say ants? It's a useful morphology but there are others. Insects and nematodes have pretty different stuctures but they are pretty successful too. probably mores successful by volume.

      --
      "There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy."
    16. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by khallow · · Score: 1

      Wake me up when there are 90 kg ants running around. My point is that there are occasional mutations that lead to different limb counts in humans. If one of these were advantageous, even extremely rarely like once in a million cases, then it would eventually catch on given the huge number of generations that have passed.

    17. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by king-manic · · Score: 1

      Your arguing that a quadratic form is superior to other forms making it preferred. I'm pointing out that by numbers, weight, coverage, and diversity insects and round worms have us quadratics beat. It's hubris to assume this form is any more likely then any of the other util forms. They may be a warm blooded sexped with 4 legs and 2 arms. Maybe a two headed triped with a dexterous tongue. Perhaps a cthulu like multiped. Who knows we have a data point of 1 so far so any statement is speculation.

      --
      "There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy."
    18. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No.

      Just "No".

      You have a responsibility for learning a bit about a subject before spouting public opinions. Your opinions are uninformed and wrong, and would be obviously wrong if you'd bothered to learn a bit about the subject first.

      At this point, you're probably slightly angry and thinking that I'm arrogant. That's good - then we're in the same state, as I'm angry and see you as arrogant. Use the energy from that anger to check out what's been done before in each of the areas (scientific philosophy of perception, early cosmology) - and remember to be open about the thoughts that are there, being scientific. When we're scientific, we mostly try to find the evidence that makes us change our opinion - that makes us wrong - and secondly are skeptical and make sure that the evidence we're shown actually is evidence, that the research that has been done do not have significant flaws of method.

    19. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by plunge · · Score: 1

      To be fair, there is a bit of confusion here. The "fish" we evolved from and the "fish" we know today are two very different things (and in fact, there is no real taxonomic classification that both includes all modern fish but doesn't include things like birds and mammals and so on), and modern fish as just as much "changed" and diversified from our common ancestors as we are.

      I think you also underestimate how conservative evolution is: it's stuck with working with what it's got. The fact that only a few tetrapods have done away with the whole four-limb thing is not a good reason to think that it's definitely the superiority of tetrapodness: mayeb it's just really hard to find a way out of the evolutionary gravity sink that is the basic body design. Simply tossing up an extra arm or two via mutation isn't good enough: there's no guarantee that such macromutations will be functional or useful, and indeed our entire skeletal structure and all sorts of other elements are based on the expectation of 4 limbs: changing that requires some gradual path out to something else, and those paths may be very limited and few (which is why most of the major cases, snakes, some amphibians, and whales, all seem related to living in water: a world without "gravity" allows a lot of the basic design constraints a lot more freedom)

    20. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by khallow · · Score: 1

      I argue that a quadratic form dominates at human-sizes and that there's good reason to believe this indicates that it is superior to other forms at this size.

    21. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by king-manic · · Score: 1

      Again you have an evolutionary scenario data point of one. It happened that a quadruped became the common ancestor of most things within our size class but your still working with 1 data point and we aren't aware that you need to be our size, perhaps a communal intelligence. Soem sort of hive mind with small individual bits. Hard to say. We won't know till we meet someone else.

      --
      "There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy."
    22. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by khallow · · Score: 1

      This is a reasonable counterargument. Certainly, one would expect it to be more true as we get to more fundamental characteristics of the organism. After all, it's many orders of magnitude less likely that people will develope a new metabolism on the cellular level than they will develope a new skin color. My take is that it's been a sufficient amount of time for some new design to take root, if it were viable. But it's not a well-informed opinion.

    23. Re:The authors make some questionable assumptions by khallow · · Score: 1

      That data point of "one" contains a lot of organisms, ie, a lot of data points (though they are highly correlated data points). As I was saying, alternate forms have routinely cropped up over and over again, but they never took root. We can say that the quad form was just a random stroke of luck, but the fact that it has held on against rival forms both in the past and continuing on through the present, indicates that it has something going for it other than luck. My point is that this sort of evolutionary selection should radically reduces the variety of forms that one can see in any sort of life that experiences evolutionary processes. Sure we'll see unusual forms and organization, but my take is that we'll see the quad form show up commonly for the same reason it appears on Earth. Because it is a competitive form.

  10. I'm sure by hlomas · · Score: 1

    that this article will be relevant in 100 billion years.

    1. Re:I'm sure by tomhudson · · Score: 5, Funny

      "that this article will be relevant in 100 billion years."

      Nah, it'll have experienced the "dupe death" as its reposted countless times, each time increasing its entrophy, losing a few letters here, having a few more arranged there ..

      Today:

      The cosmic microwave background, which has provided our most detailed understanding of the Big Bang, will also be gone. Its wavelength will have been shifted to a full meter, and its intensity will drop by 12 orders of magnitude. Even before then, however, the frequency will reach that of the interstellar plasma and be buried in the noise--the stuff of the universe itself will mask the evidence of its origin. Other evidence for the Big Bang comes from the amount of deuterium and helium isotopes in the universe.'"
      Today + n dupes:

      detailed understanding will also be gone.
      a full meter,
      the frequency will reach that of the interstellar plasma and be buried in
      the noise--the stuff of the universe itself
      evidence for the Big Bang comes from the isotopes in the universe.'"

      Today + n * x dupes:

      le t
      the r e
      b e
      the Big Bang
      !

      Time zero

      *

      Time zero +1

      \ | /
      -- * --
      / | \

      Time zero + z

      The cosmic microwave background, which has provided our most detailed understanding of the Big Bang, will also be gone. Its wavelength will have been shifted to a full meter, and its intensity will drop by 12 orders of magnitude. Even before then, however, the frequency will reach that of the interstellar plasma and be buried in the noise--the stuff of the universe itself will mask the evidence of its origin. Other evidence for the Big Bang comes from the amount of deuterium and helium isotopes in the universe.'"

      Because we all know, what goes around, comes around.

    2. Re:I'm sure by Farmer+Tim · · Score: 1

      that this article will be relevant in 100 billion years.

      For once Slashdot has a story that isn't weeks out of date, and you still complain. There's no pleasing some people...

      --
      Blank until /. makes another boneheaded UI decision.
    3. Re:I'm sure by Joebert · · Score: 1

      I hope I was a nipple in a previous life.

      --
      Wanna fight ? Bend over, stick your head up your ass, and fight for air.
    4. Re:I'm sure by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You were...but on a kangaroo.

  11. The far future by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    In the grim darkness of the far future, there is only war...

    1. Re:The far future by oftencloudy · · Score: 0

      In the grim darkness of the far future, there is only war...
      and bad acting.
      --
      But whatever the object, you must keep him praying to it. To the thing he has made, not to the person that has made him.
  12. The evidence will be... by gardyloo · · Score: 1

    ...anecdotal, but it'll be there: it is probable that the article will be duped on slashdot until at least 100 billion years from now.

  13. News flash: Ars Technica will also be gone by 100 by BrentRJones · · Score: 1

    News flash: Ars Technica will also be gone by 100 years from now and all of us readers will be gone then too.

    "Mortality just snuck up on me and stole my soul." --Slashdot ID #1 (RIP)

    --
    Help end the use of Sigs. Tomorrow
  14. Assuming there isn't another Big Bang, first by UnderCoverPenguin · · Score: 1

    But on the off chance there isn't another Big Bang, I wonder whether we could build a repository that would have any chance of lasting that long? (yes, I know about the disks on the voyager probes, but are they even close to being duarble enough?)

    --
    Don't try to out wierd me, three-eyes. I get stranger things than you, free with my breakfast cereal. --Zaphod Beeblebr
  15. Take a moment please by dapho · · Score: 1

    Let us all microwave a burrito for a couple moments to mourn the coming expansion of microwave radiation frequency, much like our burritos will soon explode from being left in for too long.

  16. You are assuming much too by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    When the noise is above the signal by many order of magnitude, nothing even technology cannot help you anymore. Sure you can try summation and averaging of signal, but even those can only limit the noise, not supress it. It ain't a matter of tech, it is a matter of random signal and maths.

  17. A brief glimpse by n3tcat · · Score: 2, Interesting

    We have a very brief glimpse in the overall timeline of the universe. For all we know, the universe will switch directions of movement sooner than we expect. It could be that what we know of as the universe is actually just crap floating in the lungs of a huge beast and the universe shifts back and forth with each breath.

    Honestly I never understood what gave scientists the idea that they would ever have enough of a clue to know what was going on with the universe. I'm not saying it's wrong to do. Perhaps some awesome realization will come from it. I just really hope that there aren't any scientists that truly believe beyond a shadow of a doubt that this is exactly what is happening out there.

    1. Re:A brief glimpse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I just really hope that there aren't any scientists that truly believe beyond a shadow of a doubt Well, good news then! All scientists doubt. Doubt is science. Something isn't scientific unless it can, in principle, be falsified. The greatest and only sin in science is faith.

    2. Re:A brief glimpse by catbutt · · Score: 1

      I just really hope that there aren't any scientists that truly believe beyond a shadow of a doubt that this is exactly what is happening out there. Never met a scientist that thinks that way. But the religious folks that do think that way outnumber scientists 100 to 1.
    3. Re:A brief glimpse by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You are very naive if you think that real scientists don't think that way. You assume that certain knowledge is a prerequisite for science, while most scientists only claim to have a fairly decent impression of how the universe looks. This no a secret - it does not undermine the scientific discipline, or make it a religion - because what matters is that science works, even if it is not a (and probably never will be) complete description of anything.

      "Natural science does not simply describe and explain nature; it is part of the interplay between nature and ourselves." -Heisenberg
      "It is wrong to think that the task of physics is to find out how nature is. Physics concerns what we can say about nature." -Bohr

    4. Re:A brief glimpse by Alioth · · Score: 1

      A huge beast? Ah, the Great Green Arkelseizure theory. Are you afraid of the Coming of the Big White Hankerchief?

  18. should we seed the universe with time capsules ... by planetfinder · · Score: 1

    containing these profundities in some universal code. Or should we avoid potential embarrassment
    and sit on this one a while just in case we learn new physics in the next eon or two.

    To be fair these scientist probably do have something interesting to say about the long term evolution of the universe
    implied by contemporary theoretical models. I would appreciate it if they didn't try to describe it in terms
    pseudo-physical semi-philosophical techno-babble like the "anthropic principle". GAG.
    I guess that's what you have to do to get picked up by a rag among rags.

  19. Universe is 14 billion years old by syousef · · Score: 1

    What is the point of this article? That we should be planning for 100 billion years into the future, when the whole universe is around 14 billion years old? We can't even get off this damned rock yet and until we can there's no chance of our species outlasting the sun going red giant and nova which is no where near 100 billion years out.

    Interesting to ponder but of not much use even to the theoreticians at this stage.

    --
    These posts express my own personal views, not those of my employer
    1. Re:Universe is 14 billion years old by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      (dons flame proof armor of anonymity)

      "What is the point of this article? That we should be planning for 100 billion years into the future, when the whole universe is exactly 6000 years old?"

      there, fixed that for you.

    2. Re:Universe is 14 billion years old by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Interesting to ponder but of not much use even to the theoreticians at this stage.

      99 billion years from now for that matter.

    3. Re:Universe is 14 billion years old by catbutt · · Score: 1

      We can't even get off this damned rock yet Last I heard, we did make it to the adjacent rock not all that long ago.

      I doubt the article is seriously implying we should be planning for anything. But still, I think you a being presumptuois so think the death of the sun would terminate humankind (or our robotic decendents). That's an awful long time from now, we've come up with a lot of technology in the last hundred years, imagine what we can have in a billion or two.
    4. Re:Universe is 14 billion years old by syousef · · Score: 1

      I wasn't talking about a few day jaunt in a crummy tin can. I'm talking about being able to survive this planet becoming uninhabitable.

      The assumption that the rate of technological progress will continue exponentially is also flawed. There are physical limits and things improve in rapid spurts with lulls inbetween

      --
      These posts express my own personal views, not those of my employer
    5. Re:Universe is 14 billion years old by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      we've come up with a lot of technology in the last hundred years, imagine what we can have in a billion or two.

      Including the means to create our own systems and clusters and galaxies out of vacuum, even if it does mean sending energetic mirrors of them into black holes for energy conservation ... :P

      Long before the rest of the universe becomes invisible, I postulate that we'll have created so much junk in our local neck of the woods that we'll be glad that Hubble expansion is creating some more space for us. ;-)

    6. Re:Universe is 14 billion years old by emjoi_gently · · Score: 1

      "What is the point of this article? ... ....Interesting to ponder....."

      I think that's basically it. Something "Interesting to Ponder".
      It's a nice little mental exercise pondering the future of the universe, and contrasting that with our place in it now. That's all.

    7. Re:Universe is 14 billion years old by catbutt · · Score: 1

      Who assumed it would continue exponentially? With a couple of billion years, it can happen quite slowly, actually.

    8. Re:Universe is 14 billion years old by confused+one · · Score: 1

      Actually we only have around 1 billion years. Yeah, sure, the Sun won't expand into it's red giant phase and incinerate the Earth for around 4 or 5 billion years; but, it is slowly expanding now... In about 1 billion year it's projected to be hot enough here on Earth to boil the oceans.

    9. Re:Universe is 14 billion years old by ross.w · · Score: 1

      We'll probably have the technology required to become a piece of skin stretched on a frame, according to the BBC

      --
      If my call is important, why am I talking to a recording?
    10. Re:Universe is 14 billion years old by catbutt · · Score: 1

      Well 1 billion years is still 1.8 million times the span of time from the invention of the printing press to the invention of the iPhone. So that doesn't seem unreasonable to think we might have a chance to get our shit together.

    11. Re:Universe is 14 billion years old by confused+one · · Score: 1

      My honest answer: I sure as hell hope so. I like to call myself an optimistic pessimist though. I'm pretty sure we'll screw up a few times before then. Even so, from a human perspective, that's a long time.

  20. hmm by DavoMan · · Score: 1

    So does this mean god didn't create everything? I saw an episode of family guy where god lit one of his farts & it made the big bang

    --
    Whats the harm in yelling 'Computer, end program!'? You could be living in Star Trek! Go on.. give it a try.
  21. Copyright? by geoff+lane · · Score: 5, Funny
    I found this hidden within the value of Pi expressed in base 11...

    Copyright: Year Dot God. All rights reserved.

    This universe represents copyrighted material and may only be reproduced in whole for personal or classroom use. It may not be edited, altered, or otherwise modified, except with the express permission of God.

    1. Re:Copyright? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I found this hidden within the value of Pi expressed in base 11...

      http://www.geocities.com/tablizer/dnaid.htm

  22. We're the answer by shine-shine · · Score: 1

    Maybe we'll be around to tell them about it.

    1. Re:We're the answer by PoopDaddy · · Score: 1

      And they'll be like, "Sure, whatever, grampa." and space-skateboard off to a cooler solar system.

  23. Huh? by catbutt · · Score: 1, Informative

    Lemme guess, religious wingnut?

  24. Alternate Universe by future+assassin · · Score: 1

    Then we'll just pop over into an alternate universe and study that one.

    --
    by TheSpoom (715771) Uncaring Linux user here. I have nothing to add to this but please continue. *munches popcorn*
  25. How do we know... by Barkmullz · · Score: 1


    IANAP, but if we are using our current understanding of the universe to make this claim, how do we know there is not some yet-to-be-discovered method of detecting the evidence of the origin of the universe in the far future?

    --
    Ronald said nothing. He flung himself from the room, flung himself upon his horse, and rode madly off in all directions.
    1. Re:How do we know... by plutoniah · · Score: 1

      conversely, doesn't this argue that we might not have any true idea of what happened 100 billion years ago, as all traces of that long ago past will have faded by now?

  26. No it doesn't. by Colin+Smith · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Nah, the bigger problem would seem to be that as far as we know we are the only sentients capable of taking advantage of the information currently available... which places a huge responsiblity on our shoulders. Christ, stars don't last that long, what chances do you think there are for information we can store? We can barely archive it for 20 years never mind 100 billion. Then there's the issue of finding a way of transmitting it or making it available.

    Basically we have no responsibility to anyone but ourselves. Any species which exist in 100 billion years can go and get stuffed.

    --
    Deleted
    1. Re:No it doesn't. by Short+Circuit · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Christ, stars don't last that long, what chances do you think there are for information we can store? We can barely archive it for 20 years never mind 100 billion. Then there's the issue of finding a way of transmitting it or making it available. But it's insanely simple...Just transmit the entire archive using some encoding using EM radiation. Your "archive" is thus stored in a volume of space as a media stream. As long as it can be intercepted and eventually decoded by whoever "finds it", you're good.

      The difficulty lies in transmitting it at a high enough power to still have a workable signal elsewhere in the galaxy. To this end, one could build a Dyson sphere around a sun, then block or transmit the star's light according to your signal.

      Yeah, building a Dyson sphere is hard...but it has so many uses. :-)

      Basically we have no responsibility to anyone but ourselves. Any species which exist in 100 billion years can go and get stuffed. This sounds like a generalization of Ayn Rand's "You have no responsibility to anyone but yourself" philosophy, and makes me wonder how much of human "civilization" comes from culture, and how much comes from human nature.

      Not that there's necessarily anything wrong with your point of view...
    2. Re:No it doesn't. by Unnngh! · · Score: 1

      What's to say that the current background radiation from the Big Bang is not the result of something similar? I understand the basic observations and extrapolation that has occurred therefrom, and can certainly see nothing wrong with the Big Bang theory per se. Obviously something major happened 12-13 billion years ago or whatever the figure is now. But, the Cosmological assertion of the birth of Everything by expansion from a singularity has always seemed a bit more of a mystical explanation to me than a scientific one. Bottom line is that we are observing all this from a very limited viewpoint (that of Earth, at an arbitrary point in time) and there's a whole heaping load of stuff we don't know about the Universe. I would imagine that a mature space faring race, should such exist, would have a different take on our set of data, if for no other reason than a broader ambient dataset and range of experience.

    3. Re:No it doesn't. by thesandtiger · · Score: 1

      We can barely archive it for 20 years never mind 100 billion.

      Incorrect. We can barely archive it for 20 years in a format that is easily accessible digitally.

      The human race has archived things over periods spanning thousands of years on clay tablets and stone carvings. If we aren't concerned with fast fast fast access to all that data - if we put the burden of transforming slow-access archived data to fast-access live storage on those hypothetical aliens 100 billion years from now - we could put things out there right now that would last for quite some time, and with enough redundancy and luck, 100 billion years.

      Put the burden of putting things from slow but reliable archival storage into fast but fragile live storage on the people downstream. We could create and launch hundreds/thousands/millions/metricshittons (depending on how easy they were to make and when we started making them) of REAL hard copies of our data into space. Follow it up with a very high power broadcast every year/decade/century (or daily, if we have a surplus of power, which we very well could 1000 years from now).

      The problem would be figuring out how to give the future people a key to understanding it. But preserving the info? That's easy if you give up the notion of live storage.

      --
      Since I can't tell them apart, I treat all ACs as the same person.
    4. Re:No it doesn't. by tftp · · Score: 1
      But, the Cosmological assertion of the birth of Everything by expansion from a singularity has always seemed a bit more of a mystical explanation to me than a scientific one.

      Strike a flint, get a spark. What is so mystical here?

    5. Re:No it doesn't. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Perhaps some huge civilization that had colonized the universe 50 billion years ago realized that they had run out of feasibly-reachable resources, and used all of their remaining power to blast powerful images of their science at roughly 12-13 billion years ago into the reaches of space they had settled.

      We humans, finding this gunk later, think it was some sort of big bang.

      We're still trying to figure out whether the universe dies a cold, entropy-lovin' heat death, or collapses and reconverges into a new universe (and there might be data that survives that, though not in a direct form). And that doesn't take into the fact that (1) we haven't linked QM with relativity successfully enough (LQG might be a start), and (2) the fundamental constants have been gradually changing since the beginning of the universe (or so we think), giving a lot of "interesting" data that either came from the universe's origin, or perhaps ancient, civilized beings much older than that.

      Cosmologists and astronomers, rip me apart ;)

    6. Re:No it doesn't. by EllisDees · · Score: 1

      >Christ, stars don't last that long

      Some do.

      "A star of less than about 0.5 solar mass will never be able to fuse helium even after the core ceases hydrogen fusion. There simply is not a stellar envelope massive enough to bear down enough pressure on the core. These are the red dwarfs, such as Proxima Centauri, some of which will live thousands of times longer than the Sun. Recent astrophysical models suggest that red dwarfs of 0.1 solar masses may stay on the main sequence for almost six trillion years, and take several hundred billion more to slowly collapse into a white dwarf."

      --
      -- Give me ambiguity or give me something else!
  27. Y100B Compliant by Ryunosuke · · Score: 5, Funny

    How can I tell if my computer is Y100B compliant? I want to be able to read about this on slashdot in 100B years

    1. Re:Y100B Compliant by Glowing+Fish · · Score: 1
      --
      Hopefully I didn't put any [] around my words.
    2. Re:Y100B Compliant by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Don't worry about it. You don't need the correct time to be able to post "DUPE!!!"

    3. Re:Y100B Compliant by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > How can I tell if my computer is Y100B compliant? I want to be able to read about this on slashdot in 100B years

      You'll finally be able to run Windows Vista.

    4. Re:Y100B Compliant by archen · · Score: 1

      Is that the year we're finally free of COBAL?

    5. Re:Y100B Compliant by Kjella · · Score: 1

      Well.... does it use IPv6? If so, you should be ok given the current rate of internet protocol changes.

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
  28. Finally, I got it. by MrCopilot · · Score: 3, Funny
    1. Take polaroids.
    2. wait 100 billion years.
    3 profit.

    Seriously this implies all information from now will be lost. Pretty Dim view.

    --
    OSGGFG - Open Source Gamers Guide to Free Games
    1. Re:Finally, I got it. by Farmer+Tim · · Score: 1

      It doesn't take 100 billion years to profit, if you take the right polaroids...speaking of which, this months payment is late, and you don't want MrsCopilot finding out, do you?

      --
      Blank until /. makes another boneheaded UI decision.
    2. Re:Finally, I got it. by MrCopilot · · Score: 1
      ....and you don't want MrsCopilot finding out, do you?

      Who do you think took the polaroids?

      --
      OSGGFG - Open Source Gamers Guide to Free Games
    3. Re:Finally, I got it. by ultracool · · Score: 1

      1. Take polaroids.
      2. wait 100 billion years.
      3 profit.

      Yeah, tell that to the moon landing naysayers.

    4. Re:Finally, I got it. by mgblst · · Score: 1

      Seriously this implies all information from now will be lost. Pretty Dim view
       
      Not really. Do you really think that anything we have stored today will still be viewable in 100 billion year - no way in the world. We will be a long forgotten race. I am so sure of this, I will even bet you!

    5. Re:Finally, I got it. by ishpeck · · Score: 1

      Seriously this implies all information from now will be lost.
      I'm pretty sure after a few dozen-billion-years, even if it's not lost, we won't care.
      --

      "If I were to ask you a hypothetical question, what would you like it to be about?"

    6. Re:Finally, I got it. by MrCopilot · · Score: 1
      Seriously this implies all information from now will be lost.

      I'm pretty sure after a few dozen-billion-years, even if it's not lost, we won't care.

      Couldn't we care now? What the hell are time capsules for anyway? Forward thinking individuals like Carl Sagan cared, and sent out Human information years ago, And we probably will again. "Foundation" anyone?

      --
      OSGGFG - Open Source Gamers Guide to Free Games
  29. What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by mkcmkc · · Score: 3, Interesting
    Turning this around, could it be that we already cannot see crucial pieces of evidence about the origin of the universe, life as we know it, or whatever?

    Just as an example, current thinking is that we're the first technically advanced society on earth, because we see no archaeological traces of previous societies. But, what if the previous society (or societies) had advanced technology that (a) was used to scrub the earth of their low-tech origins, and (b) left no traces when the society vanished, much as ice sculptures leave no traces when they melt?

    Is there any real evidence against this sort of thing? (Occam's Razor, I know. But that's an incredibly pitiful rebuttal...)

    --
    "Not an actor, but he plays one on TV."
    1. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by QuoteMstr · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Any previous advanced civilization on earth would have depleted its mineral resources in its rise to high technology, just as we have. That we have (or had, anyway) oil, coal and natural gas in abundance indicates that we are indeed the first civilization to arise on this planet. These resources take hundreds of millions of years to form, and complex life hasn't been around long enough for that to have happened twice.

      Not only are we the first civilization, but we are likely to be the last. Any future society is unlikely to progress beyond an agrarian feudal society due to dearth of natural resources. We can't screw this one up!

    2. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by Kjella · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Not only are we the first civilization, but we are likely to be the last. Any future society is unlikely to progress beyond an agrarian feudal society due to dearth of natural resources. We can't screw this one up!

      That a civilization which has an abundance of oil, coal and natural gas would use it, doesn't imply that it is necessary. Water wheels and wind mills have been in use for a long time, and could be used to generate electricty once someone invented the generator. The steam engine only relies on a boiler than can be powered by wood. They could skip right past fossil fuels and discover biodiesel, fuel cells, solar cells and other modern forms of energy.

      The biggest question to ask would be why it would vanish. Yes, civilization come and go but very rarely have we abandoned anything of consequence unless the whole city was founded on a natural resource that ran out or something like that. If a second crivilization was to araise, I think the biggest clue would be the nuclear waste, toxins and pollutants, destroyed ecosystem and traces of an infiniately large disaster which could possibly cause our abandoment or extinction.

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
    3. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by Rufty · · Score: 1

      Life's been around fow, what, 1.8E9 years? Fossil fuels are, what, 3E8 years old? So there's been no civilization in a while. And remember, that long ago unrefined uranium was reactor grade... (OK, so highly unlikely, but deep time can hide a *lot*).

      --
      Red to red, black to black. Switch it on, but stand well back.
    4. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1

      Why shouldn't there be another civilization after new natural ressources have built up? It surely won't be human, but there's no reason another intelligent species shouldn't emerge on earth in the distant future.

      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    5. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by Zekasu · · Score: 1

      Take as a piece of evidence, there are elements found extraterrestrial to our planet.

      Earth could've had some of these elements, very long ago. A past civilization was built upon them, and dissapeared because it ran out of them, or abandoned the planet because it ran out of them, and took with them all their technology.

      Microrganisms existed in the ocean at this time. This civilization had no need to worry, nor eliminate them, or even stumble upon them.

      The reason for no traces ie because it would be stupid to leave anything on a planet where only you thought you existed.

      And as for the resources argument, why use oil when you have some miracle resource that doesn't pollute, has a trillion times more energy output, and can be found elsewhere?

    6. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by DirePickle · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Future societies wouldn't have much oil, coal, and gas to work with, perhaps, but a lot of other natural resources will be buried in our landfills.

    7. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by Thing+1 · · Score: 1

      Yes, civilization come and go but very rarely have we abandoned anything of consequence unless the whole city was founded on a natural resource that ran out or something like that.

      What about disasters? We should have abandoned NOLA, and didn't; perhaps the ancients did abandon the planet back when the extinction rock hit?

      --
      I feel fantastic, and I'm still alive.
    8. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by Pendersempai · · Score: 1

      How do you know that there isn't an invisible pink unicorn in the room with you? Occam's Razor isn't THAT pitiful.

    9. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by ChronosWS · · Score: 1

      The energy necessary to create those items required for an advanced civilization necessitate something better than steam boilers and windmills. It seems implausible to assume that a society would be able to skip the industrial revolution and jump directly to semiconductor-based electronics which don't use PCBs in their manufacture, and that in the process of doing so, they would also leave no clue whatsoever to their presence.

      Essentially, in order to continue this reasoning means you'd have to conclude there are wholly different, undiscovered branches of technology which lead to space travel (or other event which leaves earth uninhabited) from agrarianism that allow the generation of the same or greater amounts of energy while using a wholly different set of resources which we, apparently, are not aware of. Power consumption goes up in proportion to technology advancement and there are only so many ways of generating power.

    10. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by mkcmkc · · Score: 1

      Any previous advanced civilization on earth would have depleted its mineral resources in its rise to high technology, just as we have. This is a good point. Consider though--if the civilization grew sufficiently advanced, perhaps they would gain the ability to erase signs of their existence with great ease. If they had that, plus a sort of cosmic Sierra Club mentality ("Take only pictures...") or Prime Directive mindset, perhaps they simply decided to leave the planet in the condition it would have been in had they not advanced.

      (Keeping simulism in mind, I can't take either position very seriously.)

      --
      "Not an actor, but he plays one on TV."
    11. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by mkcmkc · · Score: 1

      How do you know that there isn't an invisible pink unicorn in the room with you? Occam's Razor isn't THAT pitiful. I don't.

      (Even if there was a visible pink unicorn in the room, I couldn't be sure of it, though that's kind of a different argument.)

      --
      "Not an actor, but he plays one on TV."
    12. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by Pendersempai · · Score: 1

      Okay, well, using that sense of the word, you don't 'know' much of anything at all, really. Cue Descartes: you THINK you're sitting in an office chair, but it could be a giant Martix-like illusion.

      In the sense of the word that actually has some value in our world and that enjoys actual usage, you use Occam's Razor all the time. How much would you be willing to bet that if you throw open your sock drawer right now, you will not find a little green goblin inside? Probably dollars to donuts -- proof, I think, of at least subjective knowledge that there is no little green goblin in there -- and yet it is only Occam's Razor that convinces you to ignore models of the world that include little green goblins sneaking into your sock drawer.

    13. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by toddestan · · Score: 1

      Any previous advanced civilization on earth would have depleted its mineral resources in its rise to high technology, just as we have. That we have (or had, anyway) oil, coal and natural gas in abundance indicates that we are indeed the first civilization to arise on this planet. These resources take hundreds of millions of years to form, and complex life hasn't been around long enough for that to have happened twice.


      Perhaps the previous civilization was a whole lot smarter than us, and upon realizing that actually burning through all those fossil fuels would end up in ecological disaster weened themselves off of them before going through an appreciable amount of them? (though all indications are that we are indeed the first advanced civilization here on earth)

    14. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by confused+one · · Score: 1

      The biggest question to ask would be why it would vanish.

      Well, assuming a large asteroid doesn't smack into the planet, killing everything... We could easily wipe ourselves off the face of the planet with either a massive launch of nuclear weapons or by releasing a nasty virulent and particularly lethal bug. Even if there were a few survivors, our civilization would likely fall.

    15. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by mkcmkc · · Score: 1
      Well, sure, it's true. Although, I'm wrong often enough about what's in my sock drawer that I'm not sure I'd quite want to say that I know what's in there at any given time (unless I've just looked). And, as a detail, if I form a mental image of what's in the drawer, that image is always incorrect in the details, so that's another way that I don't know.

      Occam's Razor is a great heuristic for guessing, but I wouldn't put it in the same class as, say, testing a hypothesis about a coin's fairness by flipping it 1000 times.

      --
      "Not an actor, but he plays one on TV."
    16. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by Rakishi · · Score: 1

      They could skip right past fossil fuels and discover biodiesel, fuel cells, solar cells and other modern forms of energy.

      Then one of them realizes that all that oil in the ground can be removed and used for much less than any other source of energy, especially those inefficient batteries. They promptly invent a gasoline engine, make an army and take over the world. Likely the airplane alone that they'd be able to make as a result of their gas engines would let them come out way ahead.

    17. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by chawly · · Score: 0

      Case of Occam's toothbrush ! But I have a question. What does an invisible pink unicorn eat ? I could leave some of this food around and, if it disappeared, I'd know that you had left your invisible pink unicorn in the room with me. (Unless the food in question turns out to be Hagen-Das ice-cream, since this disappears in any room I'm in.)

      --
      How many beans make five, anyhow ? ... Charles Walmsley
    18. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by dodobh · · Score: 1

      If a second crivilization was to araise, I think the biggest clue would be the nuclear waste, toxins and pollutants, destroyed ecosystem and traces of an infiniately large disaster which could possibly cause our abandoment or extinction.

      So that's what happeed to the dinosaurs.

      --
      I can throw myself at the ground, and miss.
    19. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by MythMoth · · Score: 1

      Read Strata, which takes this idea to its logical conclusion (and is somewhat a spoof of Ringworld).

      --
      --- These are not words: wierd, genious, rediculous
    20. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by Kjella · · Score: 1

      Well, assuming a large asteroid doesn't smack into the planet, killing everything... We could easily wipe ourselves off the face of the planet with either a massive launch of nuclear weapons or by releasing a nasty virulent and particularly lethal bug. Even if there were a few survivors, our civilization would likely fall.

      Mankind as we know it, yes. Humans as a race? Not a chance. Even if we killed 99.9% of the population and caused a terrible thermo-nuclear winter, we'd basicly be back to where we were at 10000 BC during the last ice age, and still with a lot more knowledge and tools. Given our ability to build shelters, treat radiation and use artifical power to sustain us underground we'd be far more likely to survive than any other large land-based creatures, which in terms of evolution means we'd probably have millions of years to repopulate the earth before anything else of significance could evolve. Yes, the cockroaches would survive too but they wouldn't have the time.

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
    21. Re:What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by Darkman,+Walkin+Dude · · Score: 1

      Any previous advanced civilization on earth would have depleted its mineral resources in its rise to high technology, just as we have.

      Who is to say that mineral resources on earth were not vastly more abundant before they began their rise, and what we are using is the leftovers?

  30. God by macgyv3r · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    God made the universe! )

    --
    Price Technology Chad Price
  31. Hurry! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We must enlighten (or get rid of) all creationists before it's too late.
    Like trying to explain them a bit of science isn't already hard enough.

  32. Well this is good news indeed by pair-a-noyd · · Score: 1

    for the fundies. Oh wait, it won't matter because surely they will be raptured up long before then. Right?

    1. Re:Well this is good news indeed by slughead · · Score: 1

      Oh wait, it won't matter because surely they will be raptured up long before then. Right?

      Yep, any day now... Like right .. *NOW!*... Wait, Ok, guess not... what about... *NOW!*... alright but that doesn't mean it's not going happen *NOW!* Oh well it was obvious it wasn't going to be then, because we have Nostradamus' prediction that the world will end in the year--... oh wait, that has already passed... Well Newton says it's gonna be in 2060, and if he's wrong, we can probably dig up some other doom-sayers as well.

      Eventually, someone's bound to get it right. You may as well hold your breath, it's neigh I tells ya! THE END IS NEIGH!!

    2. Re:Well this is good news indeed by Thing+1 · · Score: 1

      You may as well hold your breath, it's neigh I tells ya! THE END IS NEIGH!!

      Wi-i-i-i-ilbur, is that you?

      --
      I feel fantastic, and I'm still alive.
  33. Re:News flash: Ars Technica will also be gone by 1 by westlake · · Score: 1
    News flash: Ars Technica will also be gone by 100 years from now and all of us readers will be gone then too.

    Perhaps and perhaps not.

    The current living "record holder" is 114. The Oldest Human Beings

  34. They'll be real smart by then by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    They will have invented time travel some time in the next billion years. There will be tours to the big bang ... sort of like the 'Restaurant at the End of the Universe'.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Restaurant_at_the _End_of_the_Universe

    1. Re:They'll be real smart by then by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      They will have invented time travel some time in the next billion years. There will be tours to the big bang

      Just make sure you keep your arms inside the ship at all times.

    2. Re:They'll be real smart by then by CptSunbeam · · Score: 1
      I agree completely (LMAO)... Let's get a little perspective here people. We're talking about 100...frigging... billion, years in the future for pete's sake. It's very reasonable to say that physics in the year
      • 4807
      will be
      • unrecognisable compared to 2007
      at the rate things are presently going. And, err, that's "only" 2800 years away!! I don't know how you count your billions, but to me 100 billion is 100,000,000,000 years! I mean, Jesus, get a grip!! Our descendants will probably find our present discussion very amusing (if they generally find things amusing). Judas Priest, even scientists of just 50 years ago have become red-faced by saying a technology is impossible when it frequently turns out to be otherwise. If the "scientists" who made this study expect it to be meaningful then, I'm very disappointed. But they wouldn't be the only physicists in history that seem incapavle of thinking outside of their limited existence and experiences; most are like this. This attitude probably impedes our progress. So, the physicists should concentrate on making the future happen rather than speculating on what future scientists might think. Besides, how do we know that our future brethren didn't create the friggin' universe in the first place? The term "future" may lose it's meaning in thousands of years of physics research, not millions or (good lord) billions. Let's get a sense of scale if we can.
    3. Re:They'll be real smart by then by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      Okay, but where's my @#&%! flying car?

  35. Wise words by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Exactly. The very second that scientist choose the terms they want to use to describe their universe, they already have chosen a particular interpretational strategy to apply to that universe. Nothing wrong with that and it has brought us many wonders - just don't mistake these achievements for certain knowledge by any measure.

  36. You'll be dead anyway. Here's why by Moraelin · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Let's put things in perspective a bit:

    The universe itself is 13.7 billion of years old. Our Sun is only about 5 billion years old.

    In this interval, the universe already burned a heck of a lot of Hydrogen to Helium, and even a lot of Helium to Carbon and so on until iron. You can't really have a star powered by fusing anything heavier, because fusing heavier stuff actually takes energy.

    (Anything higher than that is formed in a supernova blast. Basically some of the immense energy of the supernova is used to fuse some of the ejected elements into even higher density stuff.)

    Hydrogen is really the low hanging fruit of star fuel. It's for stars what the coal mines were for the industrial revolution. It's damn easy to start fusing hydrogen. (Easier if you have some heavier elements as catalysts to start the reaction, but the hydrogen will be the fuel anyway.) It's damn hard to start fusing anything else.

    Even helium is tricky. It requires some _immense_ pressures and temperatures, and a state that's already degenerate matter. It even starts to happen somewhere between 100 and 200 million Kelvin. It's also a bloody unstable process. The released power is proportional IIRC to the temperature raised to the _30th_ power, so it's easy for it to run away: more power released rises the temperature some more, which rises the power some more (and rather abruptly at that), which rises temperature, etc. A star the size of our sun would just blow itself up almost instantly if it was made of Helium and actually ignited Helium fusion.

    Where I'm getting is that the universe has a finite budget of hydrogen and keeps using it fast. (Well, "fast" by cosmic scales.) And then some of it gets buried in black holes and the like too. So planning to have main sequence stars in 100 billion years, is sorta like planning to still be using the oil in the middle east by then: chances are it will have run horribly thin, long time before that.

    In 100 billion years, probably the best you could get is a brown dwarf, a.k.a., a star that doesn't actually fuse anything, but it heated up when collapsing into a star, and will need a horribly long time to cool down. And hopefully a planet that's close enough to it, to be just warm enough.

    They'll be few and far in between though, so no telling if one will be close enough to move to it.

    Also, lemme say: the only chance of life there will be that someone moves to it. If you look at long time Earth history, the Sun started a lot cooler when the Earth atmosphere was made of methane, so the massive greenhouse effect just helped keep temperature in the right band for life to appear. Then as the Sun heated up, life switched atmosphere to oxygen. We've been walking a tightrope on the border between turning into Venus (if life appeared just a little later) or turning into a deep-frozen snowball that kills everything (if photosynthesis started just a little earlier.) And we actually had a damn close shave with complete extinction, the planet-sized snowball kind.

    A brown dwarf just doesn't follow that pattern. It doesn't gradually warm up, it actually starts (very very slowly) cooling down as soon as it formed. But you can pretty much approximate it as constant temperature, for the purpose of this discussion. And therein lies the problem: if it's cool enough for a methane-atmosphere planet to evolve life, that will turn into a permanent deep-frozen wasteland as soon as it evolves photosynthesis. And if it would be warm enough for an oxygen-atmosphere planet, then it's way too hot early when that planet is still methane-based. That planet will turn into Venus before it has half a chance to evolve life.

    So pretty much in 100 billion years we're looking at a dead or dying universe anyway. Worrying that they'll have witch hunts is kinda silly, when, you know, there won't be anyone alive there.

    --
    A polar bear is a cartesian bear after a coordinate transform.
    1. Re:You'll be dead anyway. Here's why by Karganeth · · Score: 1

      Energy can not be destroyed. How you wrote your post makes it appear tha enegry is somehow lost by fusing them together into heavier elements. Ultimtately, if the universe cannot survive repeating its natural process then something will interviene, be it humans or aliens, on a massive scale. Look at how far our technology has come in the past 100 years. Now imagine just 10,000 years. The universe will be in the palm of our hands, well, that is if we don't blow ourselves up first.

    2. Re:You'll be dead anyway. Here's why by Moraelin · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Fair point, indeed, but somehow I'm not betting on it.

      1. Yes, energy indeed cannot be destroyed. It does, however, get trapped in the mass of the heavier nuclei synthetised during a supernova blast (E = mc^2) or, basically, lost as photons traveling around an ever increasing universe. Especially the latter is, really, the whole point in this topic. There'll be increasingly more photons which are (A) traveling the ever increasing space between galaxies, and never getting anywhere, and (B) getting red-shifted to such ridiculous wave lengths that they will _not_ be doing anything to any nucleus they encounter.

      Basically the incoming power decreases with the square of the distance, and the whole point is that the distance is increasing. Accelerating even. So even as more energy piles up, there's more and more space (and red-shift) for it to go through and never hit anything. If you pointed a flashlight upwards outside, only an infinitesimally tiny fraction (or more likely none at all) of the photons will ever hit _anything_, because there's simply an incredible amount of empty space out there.

      And if it does hit another star, chances are it'll be infrared or even microwave, so don't expect it to split any nuclei.

      2. Yes, technology will continue to advance, but I'm not sure what it's going to do about it. Unless it discovers a way to produce energy out of _nothing_ whatsoever, it's still stuck at the same point we are. To create a main-sequence star at that point, it would have to split trillions of tonnes of heavier elements into hydrogen. Where is it going to get the energy for that? Solar is out, fusion _and_ fission are out (most nuclei will be iron at that point, so neither yields an energy gain), fossil fuels aren't _nearly_ packing enough energy, etc. Where's that energy going to come from?

      Basically to build a main-sequence star, you're looking at needing as much energy as that star will produce during its billions of years of lifetime. Where are you going to get that, in an universe that's already running out of energy? How are you going to get that in a burst? Even if we were talking about building a sun in 10 million years (which is already an ludicriously large interval: humans never stuck to a plan for 0.01% of that time), you're looking at needing 1000 times the sun's raw power output, and that's at 100% efficiency and 0% losses (a.k.a., never gonna happen.) Where are you going to get that in an universe that, really, is running out of fuel?

      3. At any rate, for all we know now, there'll be noone alive at that point. If technology ever gets better, let them worry about that then, not now.

      4. Finally, we're talking about a freakin' _huge_ interval. The Homo Sapiens species is only 200 million years old. Worrying about what happens in in 100 _billion_ years is just nuts. Whole empires rose and fell in a _billionth_ of that time. Whole social models or indeed whole civilizations disappeared in a tiny fraction of that, and great libraries turned to ashes in what's really just a tiny blip on that scale. Planning what to do for the next 100 billion years is just nuts.

      --
      A polar bear is a cartesian bear after a coordinate transform.
    3. Re:You'll be dead anyway. Here's why by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Brown dwarfs are the most populous star in the universe. Saying that they'll be few and far between kind of shows the limitation of your actual knowledge. A brown dwarf with a habitable planet will be stable for billions of years. They're the first place we should be looking for life outside our solar system and should be the first place we look to expand humanity. I believe SETI is now targeting brown dwarfs where they were ignored in years past.

    4. Re:You'll be dead anyway. Here's why by Genda · · Score: 2, Interesting

      All of this is moot if there the latest ideas involving the "Big Rip" turn out to be correct.

      In this scenario, Dark Energy continues to cause accelerating inflation of the universe until that inflation begins to effect objects of smaller and smaller scale. At first the galaxies will all go away, too far away to see. Later, nearer the end stars will be flung beyong our view. Very near the end, the sun will suddenly shrink out of existance and the space between the earth and the sun grows infinitely. At the very end the moon will fly away, layers of earth will peel away and blow off into space, ultimately our bodies would explode into their consituent atoms, and even those would be ripped apart into there constituents as space-time itself unraveled.

      Personally I'm looking forward to femtotechnology, and making a warm and comfy home in the nice big blackhole, after mastering technologies based on manipulating gravity... That or finding a friendlier universe.

    5. Re:You'll be dead anyway. Here's why by Wookietim · · Score: 1

      That's fascinating - actually very fascinating. You seem to know your science.... But assuming that life will not develop in such a universe seems somewhat arrogant to me. Every time I hear someone pronounce something impossible, I mentally mark them as not being very creative.

      --
      http://timcol6.freehostia.com/
    6. Re:You'll be dead anyway. Here's why by mdsolar · · Score: 1

      Actually, the helium abundance is nearly the same now as it was before stars first started to form. And, the rate of star formation is dropping fairly rapidly: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/ 1996/37/. Only a small fraction of the available hydrogen is incoporated into stars and the reason is that as galaxies and the universe evolve, it becomes more difficult to form stars. Systems that have low rotation, the more massive systems, have virial temperatures that are too high to allow the condensation of molecular clouds so that star formation is cut off. Even without galaxy-galaxy inteactions, a huge spur for star formation and a means of transforming rotationaly supported systems into non-rotationally supported systems, galaxies will evolve into more spherical shapes and have less star formation. There is little danger of running out of hydrogen but the circumstances where the hydrogen can form new stars will become rarer and rarer.
      --
      Get solar energy while it's hot: http://mdsolar.blogspot.com/2007/01/slashdot-users -selling-solar.html

    7. Re:You'll be dead anyway. Here's why by Christopher+Thomas · · Score: 1

      Actually, red dwarf stars last far longer than our sun. On the lower end of the mass scale, they end up having a convective zone deep enough to cycle all of their hydrogen into the core (unlike the sun, which will only ever use about 10% of its hydrogen). As they have a much lower rate of fusion to begin with, this results in lifetimes of trillions of years.

      Red dwarf stars are also a lot more _common_ than our sun (there's a power-law distribution for number of stars vs. mass of stars).

      So, no lack of energy for quite a while, even if you assume star formation stops.

      As for the argument about whether or not evidence would be seen for the Big Bang, it'd be there, but a lot harder to observe. Distant quasars/AGNs would be much harder to see (though not impossible), and there would still be enough primordial hydrogen, deuterium, and helium around for its presence to be a mystery that SS wouldn't be able to explain. Proposals that the galaxy had existed for an _infinite_ length of time would have problems with the fact that hydrogen does get burned and stars do have finite lifetimes, even if the galaxy's active lifetime is much longer than the trillion-year lifetime of a dim red dwarf.

      What I'd expect them to conclude is that they were in a universe that looks like anti-deSitter spacetime, containing an isolated galaxy or galaxy cluster inside their observation horizon, and that had existed in the same state for an extremely long but finite time. What's outside the horizon would be unknown. Where the galaxy and primordial elements came from would be unknown until they did a lot of very careful observation and analysis.

    8. Re:You'll be dead anyway. Here's why by Christopher+Thomas · · Score: 1

      A "big rip" scenario only occurs with a fairly unrealistic choice for the value of the cosmological constant. The usual assumption at present is that the expansion will accelerate, but won't have the asymptotically-infinite behavior of a Big Rip.

      Regarding femtotechnology, I find OA's assumptions about it to be unrealistic (though it makes for good stories). You're also assuming gravity manipulation, which is even more problematic (gravity's behavior is only expected to change from our current model at unification energies, which are utterly impractical to reach). So, I'd look for more boring, lower-tech approaches to waiting out the end of the universe.

  37. Further Reading: End of the Universe by CheeseburgerBrown · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Scifi short story that takes place at the heat-death of our universe.

    Topical? Yes!

    Tipping encouraged. I'll be here all week.

    1. Re:Further Reading: End of the Universe by EsonLinji · · Score: 1

      Here is another story on the matter.

      --
      Considering Phlebas, whoever the hell he is.
    2. Re:Further Reading: End of the Universe by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That was written beautifully. I enjoyed it immensely, thank you.

    3. Re:Further Reading: End of the Universe by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      OK, that one wasn't so good, kinda obvious and pedestrian. The GP was much better.

  38. Only if we keep expanding? by scapermoya · · Score: 1

    Light is red shifted from distant sources because, currently, space is literally expanding as light is passing through it. A simplified version is that of the Doppler effect, which is when a source of radiation is moving away from the observer. Now, if the universe were to eventually settle down and stop expanding, or even start contracting again, wouldn't that preserve the radiation at whatever wavelength it is at? Or in the case of contracting, begin to blue shift it? I am no expert in physics, but i dabble in astronomy and can't recall reading anything that addresses this.
    any thoughts?

    --
    Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun the frumious Bandersnatch.
    1. Re:Only if we keep expanding? by glitch23 · · Score: 0

      Now, if the universe were to eventually settle down and stop expanding, or even start contracting again, wouldn't that preserve the radiation at whatever wavelength it is at? Or in the case of contracting, begin to blue shift it? I am no expert in physics, but i dabble in astronomy and can't recall reading anything that addresses this.

      All evidence shows that the universe is not only expanding even after all this time but its expansion is increasing. Thus the logical conclusion is that it won't stop nor will it reverse into a collapse. If it did I'd agree with you that we would see a blue shift when the collapse begins. But based on the evidence, the current red shift will continue to grow stronger due to the accelerated expansion. This would cause the radiation to be more distributed and cooler which is what has caused the cooling up to this point. The background radiation is already down to 2 or 3 degrees Kelvin (if I remember correctly) so it is almost as cool as it will ever get.

      --
      this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom. -- Lincoln, Gettysburg Address
  39. Yea, yea... Fantasies. by Heddahenrik · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    No one really agrees on what "black holes" are, we don't know why the universe seems to be expanding faster and faster, and we generally have two physical models that don't agree with each other (relativity and the different quantum physics theories and their details).

    But never the less, these "scientists" write as if they knew there was a big bang. The only big bang I see is when the calculation go bang because the physic theories are only approximations of the real thing. That doesn't say a thing except that something in the theories are wrong, and we already know that. Writing about that God creating everything in seven days on in a big back doesn't help at all.

    I'll believe these big bang stories as much as I would believe someone showing an enormous amount of data about the population growth and tell me that there was only 2 people at a time and before that nothing. When these things happen in your calculations, it's a sign that your theory isn't complete.

    1. Re:Yea, yea... Fantasies. by scapermoya · · Score: 1

      As someone who works in the astronomy of a major university, let me tell you that there is a massive amount of evidence for the big bang.
      One problem with obtaining absolute proof of the big bang is that, according to the most recent widely-agreed with model, light didn't exist in a way we should be able to detect until hundreds of thousands of years after the initial 'bang'.
      Starting with the evidence Hubble collected, and most recently with the Nobel prize given to Smoot and Mather for their work on cosmic background radiation, its pretty much a lock science-wise.
      Every time I hear criticism of a strong and widely-regarded theory (i.e. evolution, big bang), I am never able to get a good answer on motivation. What motivation would the scientific community have to want to espouse and stubbornly defend weak theory? I'd like an answer.

      --
      Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun the frumious Bandersnatch.
    2. Re:Yea, yea... Fantasies. by Proudrooster · · Score: 1

      What motivation would the scientific community have to want to espouse and stubbornly defend weak theory? I'd like an answer.

      How about ego? It works something like this. 1) Get a Phd. 2) Join a faction 3) Defend whatever your faction believes so you can keep the spotlight and research money flowing your way, 4) ostracize and dismiss out of hand anyone who disagrees with you, because they are clearly misguided morons.

      The classic case happened between some infallible dude named Pope Urban VIII and a bible scholar named Galileo. As it turns out, heavy objects do not fall faster than lighter objects and the earth isn't the center of our solar system. The jury is still out on whether the earth is the center of the Universe :)

      Typically, before a well entrenched scientific theory dies, the people that hold those beliefs need to die as well. It's sad, but "CHANGE" and admitting to error isn't one of mankinds strengths. A good contemporary case study would be the George W. Bush presidency.

    3. Re:Yea, yea... Fantasies. by scapermoya · · Score: 1

      I don't know about you, but I don't know any PhDs who are in 'factions'. And can you show me where some of this apparently easy-to-get funding is? A place where they fund you for just being part of a faction sounds like a dream.

      The debate between the Church and (insert scientists' name over the many years) was not ever a 'scientific debate'. It was empiricism finally having its say over dogma.

      There have been wrong theories held by scientists for as long as there has been science, and there have been scientists who stubbornly defend those theories. But in general, through the scientific method, new theories gain clout through their explanatory power and ability to make predictions. Unfortunately the the systems within which we have observed what we call evolution are ridiculously complex with a whole lot of 'random'. Testable predictions in physics and chem are easier to come by a great deal in many cases, and that has hurt evolution's stance ONLY with the public. But I'm tired of defending evolution.

      Sadly, due to crappy education and the relatively technical nature of science, most people are scientifically ignorant. Try explaining radiocarbon dating to someone who honestly believes the earth is 6,000 years old (they are everywhere). Sadder still is that these nutjobs are influencing POLICY for EVERYONE these days. You'll know who to blame when stem cell therapies are available in Europe 20 years before here. Public schools are a mess in this country, and yet people spend thousands of man hours trying to put 'intelligent design' right next to evolution. In their minds, a wizard up in the sky with a flowing robe and beard drawing up blueprints (whilst damning the non-believers no doubt) for the 'perfect' creation.

      America is slipping in a lot of ways, and compromising science education isn't a step in the right direction.

      --
      Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun the frumious Bandersnatch.
  40. FTL and science by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

    FTL isn't possible in the current models of science.

    Always remember that the "Laws of Physics" are our own inventions (ie. merely the mathematics of our models/theories), and are not the Laws of Reality at all.

    In fact we change the "Laws of Physics" all the time, whenever we create a new theory, so it's pretty obvious that what we're changing is just a human invention to help us understand how Reality behaves. The Laws of Reality in contrast never change at all, we assume. But of course we can never know them, as we can only see how they make her behave.

    FTL is impossible by our current models, but that doesn't mean that Reality doesn't allow it. Given that we've only been creating scientific models for a few centuries, and that we have potentially billions of years ahead of us, it would be rather foolish to suggest that we will never find a model that provides a way. :-)

    1. Re:FTL and science by bhiestand · · Score: 1

      In fact we change the "Laws of Physics" all the time, whenever we create a new theory, so it's pretty obvious that what we're changing is just a human invention to help us understand how Reality behaves. I know this is a slightly petty point, but I feel it is worth mentioning. We never actually change the laws of physics, we just change our ideas about what's behind them and what they can be used to predict. Laws are simple observations about what happens. Apples fall down, energy can't escape a closed system, objects at rest, that sort of thing.
      --
      SWM seeks new sig for a brief fling
  41. he says waving his arms... by owlnation · · Score: 1

    "um, hello? ... I'm standing right here!" - God.

  42. Peak hydrogen by benhocking · · Score: 5, Funny

    Where I'm getting is that the universe has a finite budget of hydrogen and keeps using it fast. (Well, "fast" by cosmic scales.) And then some of it gets buried in black holes and the like too. So planning to have main sequence stars in 100 billion years, is sorta like planning to still be using the oil in the middle east by then: chances are it will have run horribly thin, long time before that.
    Bah, you Alpha Centaurians and your "peak hydrogen" alarmism! But seriously, we're not burning through Hydrogen fast even by cosmic scales. The universe still has 75% of its original hydrogen left. Presumably, the rate at which we'll use it will decrease as we use it up. However, you have a valid point that by 100 billion years (~8x the current age), there's a good chance that the 75% figure might be more like 7.5%. (I'm completely making up that last figure.)
    --
    Ben Hocking
    Need a professional organizer?
    1. Re:Peak hydrogen by Moraelin · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Well, that's really the thing. 25% gone in 13.7 billion years is a _lot_, when you're talking 100 billion years.

      Will usage decrease? Well, that wouldn't make it that horribly much better, because that means, in a nutshell, less main-sequence stars.

      It will also mean more hydrogen which technically still exists, but is going nowhere: it's trapped in brown dwarfs that never start fusion, Jupiters, black holes, etc. Those things don't blow up, so basically short of some cataclismic event like head-on star collisions, it won't end up in a star. So expect the number of main-sequence stars to drop even faster. If the hydrogen use is, say, roughly 1/t past a point, then expect the main sequence stars to drop like 1/t^2. (Also pulled out of the arse, I don't have the time or inclination to do proper research at 1:30 AM ;)

      So, basically increasingly less places where life can evolve or move to. We might end up with the next inhabitable place being on the other end of the galaxy before the 100 billion years are up.

      Also, going by the number in your example, 7.5% hydrogen means you're pretty much screwed. It's like getting your gasoline 7.5% in <insert inert liquid of the same density>: your engine won't work on it any more, a long time before that. A star with 7.5% hydrogen just won't produce any significant amount of hydrogen fusion. Stars die, one way or another, a long time before they get anywhere _near_ that kind of a composition.

      So basically at that point, to get a main sequence star, you're betting on some _incredibly_ low odds of getting a freak fluctuation where you had a big pocket of hydrogen that somehow didn't accrete into a star earlier. We're talking odds akin to winning every single lottery on Earth on the same day. Repeatedly. There won't be many of them around.

      One within close enough range to evacuate humanity to? Heh. I wouldn't bet on that.

      --
      A polar bear is a cartesian bear after a coordinate transform.
    2. Re:Peak hydrogen by Hewligan · · Score: 4, Informative

      While 25% of the universe's hydrogen may have been converted to heavier elements, about 24% was converted in the first second or so, and then about 1% in the ensuing 13.7 billion years. At that rate, there will be plenty left in 100 billion years time.

      --

      "If God created us in his own image, we have more than reciprocated"

    3. Re:Peak hydrogen by NormalVisual · · Score: 1

      It will also mean more hydrogen which technically still exists, but is going nowhere: it's trapped in brown dwarfs that never start fusion, Jupiters, black holes, etc. Those things don't blow up, so basically short of some cataclismic event like head-on star collisions, it won't end up in a star.

      There are *lots* of red dwarves to factor in there, though. Many of them will last for upwards of a trillion years or more, although there are good reasons to believe that even planets in the habitable zone would be difficult at best to live on. At least they represent a very long-lived (if not ultra-stable) source of heat and light for any civilization able to set their home up around one.

      And of course, one of them happens to be the nearest star to us. :-)

      --
      Please stand clear of the doors, por favor mantenganse alejado de las puertas
    4. Re:Peak hydrogen by toddestan · · Score: 1

      So basically at that point, to get a main sequence star, you're betting on some _incredibly_ low odds of getting a freak fluctuation where you had a big pocket of hydrogen that somehow didn't accrete into a star earlier. We're talking odds akin to winning every single lottery on Earth on the same day. Repeatedly. There won't be many of them around.

      Correct me if I'm wrong, but I've heard that the lightest main sequence stars burn through their fuel at the slowest rate, and some of them could have lifetimes in the main sequence for up to a trillion years. Which means that there stars burning right now that will still be around 100 billion years from now. On the other hand, stars like our sun would likely be pretty rare.

    5. Re:Peak hydrogen by Moraelin · · Score: 1

      True, but I have to wonder:

      1. how large planets they'd get. Assuming the accretion disc was on the whole only 10% as dense, well, are they going to get an Earth-sized planet out of it?

      2. at that point we're talking stars which _barely_ fuse hydrogen at all, which is how 10% of the Sun's mass lasts them for a trillion years. They're very cold stars, _barely_ above the level of a brown dwarf. So, well, for all practical reasons you're back to square one, it's no better than looking for a brown dwarf, only it doesn't cool down.

      --
      A polar bear is a cartesian bear after a coordinate transform.
    6. Re:Peak hydrogen by Christopher+Thomas · · Score: 1

      We had enough mass to get several gas giants and ice giants out of our disc. As long as it was a Population I star with moderate to high metallicity, there will be more than enough rock available (and more than enough uranium and thorium to drive geothermal processes). Planets the size of Neptune have been found in orbit around them, as have brown dwarfs (though this is arguably closer to a failed binary star companion than a planetary companion).

      Temperature-wise, there's a big difference between a red dwarf and a brown dwarf. Typical "surface" (upper atmosphere) temperatures of red dwarf after the first billion years are quite cold (as with gas giants), and their luminosity decreases as they age. A red dwarf has a minimum surface temperature of around 2500 K, and its luminosity never drops below about 1% that of the sun. This gives a strongest-emission wavelength of about 1.1-1.2 microns - near-IR, but still high enough to drive photochemical processes, unlike older brown dwarfs.

      In short, no show-stopping problems.

    7. Re:Peak hydrogen by Christopher+Thomas · · Score: 1

      ObTypoFix:

      Typical "surface" (upper atmosphere) temperatures of brown dwarf after the first billion years are quite cold (as with gas giants), and their luminosity decreases as they age.

  43. The remark demonstrates our ignornace by bl8n8r · · Score: 1

    We think we have it all figured out... dark matter, gravity, time and space. We even think the speed of light is the natural legal limit of all things in motion. In 100 billion years, if the human race hasn't fucked itself out of existence, I'm quite certain they will know much more than we do now. Discoveries will be made by that time which are simply out of our reach limited by our ignorance, understanding and perception of everything we know now right now. The statement that nobody will know how the universe happened in 100 billion years is just silly.

    --
    boycott slashdot February 10th - 17th check out: altSlashdot.org
    1. Re:The remark demonstrates our ignornace by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "if the human race hasn't fucked itself out of existence"

      I think that is the other way around. Usually you are fucked into existance...

  44. big bang, uh ? by nexxu · · Score: 1

    wtf? 1st of all we don`t know that that is the way the universe was created... ...::[like man evolved from monkey]::.. Hurraaayyyy! -- ?

    1. Re:big bang, uh ? by Ant+P. · · Score: 1

      Scientists never claim to have absolute knowledge of anything. They just gather evidence and present their observations on it. That's what sets them above religious whackjobs like you.

    2. Re:big bang, uh ? by pho3nixtar · · Score: 1

      "Yes, because scientists are 100% pure at heart and work from a completely unbiased agenda", says the scientistian.

      So, are we not able to attain absolute knowledge of anything? If not, then how do you *know* that we aren't able to attain absolute knowledge of anything? Wouldn't that mean that you knew something absolute?

    3. Re:big bang, uh ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I imagine supporters of transocular leucotomy might agree with you. Scientists can be assholes like anyone else, get over it. Science is something to be used, not worshipped.

  45. Makes me wonder by localman · · Score: 2, Interesting

    How much information about our universe that was obvious to civilizations that rose and fell a few billion years ago is lost forever as well?

    1. Re:Makes me wonder by dbolger · · Score: 1

      It will eventually get to the stage where any figures or empirical data will be suspect because nobody has any first-hand experience. Data will be lost forever not because the records are gone, but because they are not believed.

      We are less than a century after the holocaust, and we already have people trying to rewrite history, and accusing academics and people who experienced it of being part of a conspiracy. Give that a thousand years and how certain will people be that it even happened? Now imagine that not only is all empirical data from the time suspect, but all new observation indicates the exact opposite happened.

      Why on earth should I accept big bang theory when all my scientific measurements indicate a static universe, and the only indications I have to the contrary are ancient texts that have no doubt been altered and cropped to fit certain peoples' political agenda down through the millenia?

    2. Re:Makes me wonder by localman · · Score: 1

      Right on. I actually posted something along a similar line too :)

      I guess truth is not as absolute as we like to think...

  46. The Long Now History by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 1

    This question is not so much a cosmological one as a philosophical one. That far in the future, any intelligence could, if increasing its accuracy and precision model of the universe at the rate we have in our recorded history, find other evidence than any of which we conceive today to reconstruct the early conditions. Much like we have kinds of evidence now of which no one conceived in 1900.

    Another way to pop this conundrum is to ask whether anyone has proven that we will not be able to record our current information about the Universe's origin in such a way that the distant future will just be able to read its history, rather than start from scratch with matter/energy/whatever found ambient in its environment. It seems likely any recordings from today would be lost over so long a duration, but again, we're just getting started making recordings and thinking about long histories.

    Unless someone can prove that any recordings of current origin info made now will strictly inevitably be lost over that long time, even if we used all the matter and energy in which we could possibly record that info, then they cannot prove that the future will be unable to have that info.

    Wake me when they're so sure.

    --

    --
    make install -not war

  47. Oh no, I agree by benhocking · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I just wouldn't call that "fast", even by (currently) cosmic scales. For example, I'm 37. If you told me I could get to some destination in 74 years (for example), I wouldn't call that "fast".

    Now, here's a real calculation, albeit one that's still based on completely unfounded assumptions: if the decay is exponential, then 100 billion years from now (when the universe is apprxomately 114 billion years old), there will be approximately 0.75^(114/14) or 9.6% of the hydrogen left.

    On the other hand, if the decay is linear, we'll have -104% hydrogen left, so we'll have to fuse anti-hydrogen! (Yes, that's just a joke.)

    --
    Ben Hocking
    Need a professional organizer?
    1. Re:Oh no, I agree by Moraelin · · Score: 1

      Duly noted, and you are right. "Fast" or "slow" are horribly relative terms, and I should have qualified it better than that. If it's any help, I meant "for a 100 billion years deadline." It's too fast for that particular race, though, indeed, you are right, by a lot of other kinds of reckoning it's not fast at all.

      --
      A polar bear is a cartesian bear after a coordinate transform.
  48. Billions and Billions by dannokkk · · Score: 1

    I wonder if they will still have Pan Galactic Gargle Blasters

  49. Scientific idea becomes non-scientific by TrnsltLife · · Score: 3, Insightful

    What is interesting to me about this scenario is that a currently scientific idea will become unscientific over time. What is now a scientific theory, testable and supported by empirical data, will become nothing more than the ancestors *claims* of empirical data.

    Can the claims of the ancestors be trusted, when they suggest such preposterous experiential data as a "sky full of galaxies" and "background radiation"?

    If they can, then science is not the only valid way to learn about the universe. We can also learn from the experiences of those who came before us, even if we cannot experience the same thing they did.

    Science is a useful way to pursue truth, but it is not the only way. I think people need to see that, and this is a good example of how that is true.

    1. Re:Scientific idea becomes non-scientific by tomstdenis · · Score: 1

      Shut up. The basic tenants of science don't change [much at all] with time. Sure, things get more detailed, or explained more thoroughly as our ability to dissect phenomena improves, that doesn't change the underlying approach or observations.

      By your logic, the principia mathematica is nothing more than an interesting bedtime story. While some of the hypothesis and claims may be dated, a lot of the theories, laws, and other observations Newton made are still valid today.

      It's thinking like yours that gives validity to the creationism nonsense which is absolutely the absence of science, and solely predicated upon fear and misguided priorities. Preach our fairy tales, or we'll make consequences for you! And while I'm at it, it's not about a spiritual line of thinking, because if that's the case, why is creationism always christian?

      Tom

      --
      Someday, I'll have a real sig.
    2. Re:Scientific idea becomes non-scientific by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The basic tenants of science don't change [much at all] with time.

      No, the tenants change all the time. They've only got average lifespans of 70 or 80 years, after all. The tenets, on the other hand...

      The point of the article is that at some point in the future, it will become impossible to prove anything about the universe's origin. There will be no more evidence to support it as there is to support the existence of deities now. This leads to the question -- are there other things in this universe that were provably true at some point, but the evidence necessary to prove them has been completely lost to us?

    3. Re:Scientific idea becomes non-scientific by TrnsltLife · · Score: 1

      Shut up yourself, and try contemplating for a moment. Of course I don't think mathematics is a bedtime story. I think mathematics is a true system of knowledge. If you only believe that truth comes through the scientific method, it is *you* who should think it is a bedtime story, because mathematics is not a hypothesis, is not emperically testable, and yet we know it to be true. My point is, much to many peoples dismay, science is not the be all end all here. Mathematics is true and is not scientific; the system of logic that science relies on is true, but it is not scientific; in 100 billion years, an expanding universe will still be true, but those who know it will know it based on our firsthand experience today, written down. So if the future people don't trust their ancestors, they will be rejecting truth. If they do trust their ancestors and arrive at the truth, they will be acknowledging that science is not the only way to learn truth, the testimony of those who came before is also a possible truth giver. Of course this does not mean that all things people wrote down before are true; but it does show us that some things written down before may be true, and may be the only way we can know a thing from the past, when all other traces have disappeared. Anyways, scientists now accept the written down testimony of other scientists. They could and do go back and test some experiments, but not every scientist tests every experiment. That would be impossible, and the more we learn, the more science would grind to a standstill if all experiments had to be repeated before each individual scientist would trust in the results. So scientists now base what the think to be true, not just in things they have personally demonstrated to be reasonable by the scientific method, but also by learning from others' experiences, and on logic and mathematics which are outside of the scientific method.

  50. The Far Future... by TheVelvetFlamebait · · Score: 1

    ... is filled with creationists!

    --
    You know, there is a difference between trolling and pointing out the flaws in your reasoning. Just saying.
  51. The Privileged Planet right again by bonsai8 · · Score: 1

    Guillermo Gonzalez was right again in "The Privileged Planet" - the Earth is uniquely positioned in time to observe the universe. This news is at least 3 years old. Why is it just now appearing on /. ?

    1. Re:The Privileged Planet right again by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're an idiot. With a 100-billion-year window in which to view evidence of the Big Bang, it's hard to imagine missing it.
       
      This is not evidence of the "privileged planet" hypothesis.

  52. On the other hand by benhocking · · Score: 1

    You should read Hewligan's response (in case you miss it).

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  53. Forgot that little detail by benhocking · · Score: 2, Interesting

    However, that 25% figure ignores the hydrogen that gets trapped in black holes, etc. Still, I think you're right that we will still have plenty of hydrogen in 100 billion years. (I don't know, but I think the black hole absorption of hydrogen to be less than the consumption of hydrogen due to fusion.) Peak hydrogen indeed!

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  54. I thought information could not be destroyed by CaroKann · · Score: 1

    If the universe expands so much that information about the early days is lost in one way or another, then won't that information be destroyed? Isn't it impossible for information to be destroyed? Isn't information eternal?

    1. Re:I thought information could not be destroyed by bky1701 · · Score: 1

      Being able to see something is different than it existing. For example, look at the sky. Light from basically everything in the universe is there; you just can't see it. It takes massive telescopes just to see a small amount of what is there. The information will still exist, you will just not be able to see it any more.

    2. Re:I thought information could not be destroyed by Prof.Phreak · · Score: 1

      Indeed. Which seems to suggest that entropy is reversible (locally at least; though it wouldn't really matter whether it's local or global, 'cause you can never find out).

      --

      "If anything can go wrong, it will." - Murphy

  55. Re:Perhaps - Information from the near-future by Proudrooster · · Score: 2, Funny
    According to my friend from the near-distant future, this is how it all works:

    1. 1. Space in the universe must be conserved and can not be expanded or contracted, i.e. the universe is not a ballon, but the way we percieve it changes, just like in Einstein's Relativity.
      2. Space is a field which is created by matter/energy.
      3. The space field has multiple properties included time, gravity, electromagnetism, and magnetism.
      4. The equation which unifies what we percieve as space-time, gravity, and electromagnetism is called the McMinnis equation and looks very similar to Maxwell's equations and has six pieces.
      5. The amount of energy in the universe is not constant as we currently believe and points to a source outside the universe. Some existentialists have theorized this is the evidence of a creator influencing outcomes.


    We also discover that the graviton and virtual massless photons (which we believe make up magnetic fields) do not exist and are merely properties of the space field which surrounds energy.

    As far as future energy sources go, ethanol dies a horrific death after totally screwing up the food supply. The nanotech guys develop new batteries which can be charged as fast as capacitors and hold 5000 times the amount of energy in the same package size. The future is primarily powered by geothermal wells which generate electricity and fusion is never fully perfected but does produce about 35% of the global electricity supply. There is a debate that the geothermal wells are cooling the core of the planet which will have disastrous consequences and descendant of Al Gore makes a documentary about it. In other news: The US/China start a colony on the moon, but something about moon dust causes lung cancer (like asbestos). Even though it is attempted 10 times, iNASA is never successful in establishing a base on Mars, but dooms many astronauts. The war in Iraq lasts for nearly 20 years.

    Hope that helps and please keep this information to yourself.
  56. Cold death of the universe by benhocking · · Score: 1

    Unfortunately, you're forgetting to factor in the 2nd law of thermodynamics. Although energy will remain constant, free energy will decrease. Eventually, the universe will suffer a cold death. How sad.

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  57. They should've put this on the Voyager 1 by jagdish · · Score: 1

    Just remember that you're standing on a planet that's evolving
    And revolving at 900 miles an hour
    That's orbiting at 19 miles a second, so it's reckoned
    A sun that is the source of all our power
    The sun and you and me, and all the stars that we can see
    Are moving at a million miles a day
    In an outer spiral arm, at 40,000 miles an hour
    Of the galaxy we call the Milky Way
    Our galaxy itself contains 100 billion stars
    It's 100,000 light-years side-to-side
    It bulges in the middle, 16,000 light-years thick
    But out by us it's just 3000 light-years wide
    We're 30,000 light-years from galactic central point
    We go round every 200 million years
    And our galaxy is only one of millions of billions
    In this amazing and expanding universe


    You know... just to inform future generations.
    1. Re:They should've put this on the Voyager 1 by perturbed1 · · Score: 1

      Great, except the fact that the concept of a "year" will be lost on future generations. If not that, still, it will be different. So better define it somewhere in your poem.

  58. Re:Perhaps - Information from the near-future by physburn · · Score: 1

    Has the ring of truth to it. Mind you if you've got nanotech, cancer shouldn't be a problem. >The nanotech guys develop new batteries which can be charged as fast as capacitors and hold 5000 times the amount of energy in the >same package size. Already happenned, look up supercapacitors, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercapacitors, well maybe nearer 500-1000 times, but 1 and 5 Farad capacitors are now mainstream.

  59. Re:Perhaps - Information from the near-future by Proudrooster · · Score: 1

    Something else I forgot to expound on. The new batteries hold their charge (almost) indefinately and do not discharge like capacitors. Technically, I think they bleed of charge at .3% per day, but from what I hear, it is amazing technology which even works at temperature extrememes making it suitable for mass transportation and automobiles. The future is truly amazing.

  60. So what evidence are we missing NOW? by tjstork · · Score: 1

    The ultimate question, though, is, what evidence are we missing about the universe now? In a less serious note, on our own little earth, the original paper containers that contained the seeds of life dropped off by the Vorlons a few billion years ago have long since vanished, along with the biodegradable remains of the probes periodically sent to manage our supposedly accidental evolution!

    --
    This is my sig.
  61. We have time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Some people are saying that we have some big stressful task on our shoulders because its up to us to figure it out right now. It says in 100 billion years from now they wont be able to know, hell i consider that enough time. Just think of how far we have gone with technology in just the past 100 years, then think in about 1000 years from know what we will have. Then there is the other thing to consider and that is, are we supposed to find out anything if there even is a source? (Just to through a little religion in)

  62. Monoliths by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We have to go to all of the planets that will have spiraled into habitable zones around stars that will have enough life in left in them when the Big Bang is undetectable, obviously.

  63. So What happens? by sc0ob5 · · Score: 1

    What happens to all the data that is being collected now and why won't people from the future be able to read, work with, figure it out, whatever? Also why should we care? It's not like the planet will be habitable in even a million years at the rate we are destroying it.

  64. blah by mapkinase · · Score: 1

    Thinking about what will happen in 100 billion years is not only unpractical, but also non scientific since there is no way of solid experimental verification of your adolescent fantasies.

    --
    I do not believe in karma. "Funny"=-6. Do good and forbid evil. Yours, Oft-Offtopic Flamebaiting Troll.
  65. There will still be evidence of expansion by the_lesser_gatsby · · Score: 1

    Astronomers will see an horizon beyond the local gravitationally-bound group which will suggest spacetime expansion.

    Also, analysis of long-lived first generation stellar objects (red dwarfs, brown dwarfs) will indicate primordial hydrogen / helium ratios and show a big-bang origin in the finite past.

  66. The Big Fizzle... by emjoi_gently · · Score: 1

    The whole idea that the Universe will eventually just go quiet and cold... that we are just in an early energetic time, but all there is in the future is Infinite Heat Death where even subatomic particles have lost the ability to hold together.... is a rather depressing thought.

  67. Oh, they always have an answer by rantingkitten · · Score: 1

    What's the point of coming up with, and defending, a stupid theory?

    Well, ask a Creationist, and get an exciting glimpse into the mind of the truly paranoid. He'll be able to come up with all kinds of inane answers -- few of which are answers of any kind, but just restatements of the original question. Some examples off the top of my head...

    1. It's so they can push their liberal / secularist agenda. (What agenda might that be? Nobody knows, really. Maybe the idea is that if we keep pushing evolution and cosmology, future generations won't believe in God. How does that help "liberals"? I guess it's so then nothing will stand in our way of killing babies!)

    2. Blah blah blah persecution of my beliefs blah blah blah. (Listening to Christians whinge about being some kind of oppressed minority is absolutely hilarious. Not that this response answers the question.)

    --
    mirrorshades radio -- darkwave, industrial, futurepop, ebm.
  68. Try to think the complete picture by Moraelin · · Score: 1

    Brown dwarfs are the most populous star in the universe. Saying that they'll be few and far between kind of shows the limitation of your actual knowledge.


    Try to think the complete picture. You need not only a brown dwarf, but also a planet that's in the right band, _and_ has the right planet type there (being in the right band doesn't help you much if you have the mass of Mercury and can't hold an atmosphere) _and_ has the right rotation speed _and_ plate tectonics (these two doomed Venus) _and_ is new enough to not have cooled down yet (100 billions is a freaking _huge_ time.)

    I stand by what I've said: those will be few and far in between.

    Let me also qualify that: few and far given that (A) there seems to be no way to travel faster than light, which puts a heck of a limit on how far we can look for one to move to, and (B) as per TFA, the universe will have expanded a _lot_ by then, so, really, everything outside our galaxy will be out of reach. And I don't mean out of reach as in "too far to bother there", but as in outside the causality cone, so even with magic drives and magic ships it's not even theoretically possible to get there. That kinda "out of reach."

    And point B affects point A too. The galaxy itself will probably be freakin' huge by then, as in, billions of light years across. That doesn't just mean "whoa, even at light speed, you'd need an eternity to move to the other end", it means that by the time the signal even reaches you about a possibly habitable star at the other end, chances are that star would already be dead or dying.

    So that puts a heck of a lot of limit on where you can look for the next planet to move to.

    Also, that just makes me realize another detail: in an universe that stretched, there's a lot more space for the hydrogen to go. If you have one solar mass worth of hydrogen in a 100 lightyear sphere, that's not going to accrete into an actual star any time soon.
    --
    A polar bear is a cartesian bear after a coordinate transform.
    1. Re:Try to think the complete picture by Christopher+Thomas · · Score: 1

      As a gravitationally bound system, the galaxy's size won't change. Long story short, you end up with orbital velocities being slightly different, but orbits remaining stable, even in an expanding universe that's driven by a cosmological constant. This applies to both the stars in the galaxy, and the vast clouds of hydrogen and helium that still make up a good fraction of its mass.

      There are far, far more low-mass stars than there are high-mass stars. This means we have no shortage of red dwarf stars in the galaxy. Planets in the habitable zone tend to be tidally locked, and red dwarf stars tend to put out quite a bit of ionizing radiation from solar flares, but a thick atmosphere solves both problems (winds driven by the heat differential spread heat around at the surface, and the thick atmosphere blocks ionizing radiation). The surface ecosystem would have less light to drive it, but you'd still have geothermal sources, you might have an airborne microbial ecosystem higher up to produce energy (much as plankton do for the ocean), and you'd certainly have no lack of mechanical energy from the winds. So, I can definitely believe life could arise on its own in red dwarf systems.

      In practice, I'd expect civilizations from the era of larger stars to colonize red dwarf systems and either build constellations of habitats, or move/tailor a planet to suit their long-term needs. None of this requires magic; just time, and good automation.

  69. Yeah right. by DaveDerrick · · Score: 1

    Most of these "tech predictions" cant even get 10 years ahead right, now they are trying to predict science in 100-billion years ?? Oh please. "Its wavelength will have been shifted to a full meter, and its intensity will drop by 12 orders of magnitude." - Perhaps in 100-billion years they may have slightly better technology than we have now, or did you miss this ?

    1. Re:Yeah right. by Alioth · · Score: 1

      A 'tech prediction' is the prediction of possible technologies that may have been invented.

      This is not a 'tech prediction', it's an observation how a signal may decay. Unlike 'tech predictions', signals decay in a mathematically predictable manner. Just like we can predict exactly when solar eclipses will occur, it's merely a matter of mathematics to predict how the cosmic microwave background radiation will attenuate.

      You are comparing apples with beef steaks.

    2. Re:Yeah right. by DaveDerrick · · Score: 1

      OK, bad choice of words, but you get what I'm saying. A decayed signal may be more readable with technology 100-billion years in the future. And whats wrong with Beef Steaks ???

  70. Ignorant by MoogMan · · Score: 1

    What a completely ignorant thing to say. Who knows what intelligence will be like in 100 billion years.

  71. big rip by scharkalvin · · Score: 1

    The universe may have less than 100 billion years to go.
    Some theories predict that the current expansion rate will
    continue to increase due to dark energy. As this happens
    gravity will no longer be able to keep the clusters of
    galaxies together and as stated, only our own galaxy will be
    visible to us. However as the dark energy increases, gravity
    won't even be able to keep the galaxies and stars together and
    our solar system will fly off on its' own. Soon after that,
    the atomic forces that keep the atoms together will fail and
    the sun, earth, and all atoms will fly apart in 'the big rig'.
    Nothing will be left of the universe but a thin soup of sub-atomic
    particles. The end time for this...about 37 billion years from now.

  72. Second nearest star by benhocking · · Score: 1

    You mean one of them happens to be the second nearest star to us. The nearest star is a main sequence star. ;)

    --
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  73. save data to disprove theories by stormi · · Score: 1

    We talk of saving all our data so that the future humans can understand the truth about the beginning of the universe, the truth implying what we currently hypothesize happened. But isn't it possible that the future people will use our own data to disprove this theory and prove another? The same thing happened when the Earth was thought to be stationary. There were theories that supported this idea, and the data corresponded well enough for them to accept it as truth. Later on, a better theory came along which we use now. Who knows what new data and innovative theories will reveal?

    --
    "if only i had known i would have been a locksmith." -albert einstein
  74. There is another theory which states that... by spidey3 · · Score: 1

    ...this has already happened. [missing you, Douglas]

  75. Ask Slashdot: Best Storage Solution by CultFigure · · Score: 1

    We as a human race have assembled a sizable amount knowledge regarding the cosmos, and would like to preserve that information for our "static" friends of the future. My question is, what media is the best for storing this information? I'm most familiar with tape backup, burnable dvd's, and network access storage units, but I fear they will not last required 100 billion years! Any thoughts?

  76. OT: What Do We *Already* See No Evidence Of? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    > Occam's Razor is a great heuristic for guessing,
    > but I wouldn't put it in the same class
    > as, say, testing a hypothesis about a coin's
    > fairness by flipping it 1000 times.

    AFAIK:
    By common logic flipping a coin 1000 times only
    tells us the relative frequency of the two outcomes.
    You only objectively *know* the probabiliy for getting
    head in tests to the set of the 1000 flips.

    Let say the relative frequency of getting a head is 0.501
    and one concludes that the coin is fair. E.g. assume
    that a property of a subset is true for a superset. This
    is commonly called induction and is quite illogical.

    [ Here one could mention bayesism as an
        alternative but that's another story. ]

    Hence the common basic scientific principle that you *cannot*
    prove anything.

    Now the hypotesis of an earlier civilization on Earth, but
    all evidence is gone, is in the same set as "God did it!(tm)"
    and "Invisible pink unicorns everywhere!(tm)". They cannot be
    disproven and therefor is not scientific. They can be true,
    they can be false. We simply have *no* way to know.

    Yes, in the future we might discover some evidence supporting
    one of these hypothesis but untill then it just simply
    pointless speculating.

    PS Occam's razor don't even come into play as
    no evidence -> every hypothesis is just as probable.

    PPS, can anyone tell that I rather not do my assignment?
    Documentation... what the fuck is it good for... =P

  77. What about information that is lost to us? by IndustrialComplex · · Score: 1

    I've seen a lot of mention about collecting and preserving information for the potential future generations, but has anyone considered what is already lost to us?

    Is it possible that there is information which has already vanished from our ability to perceive it?

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    1. Re:What about information that is lost to us? by argent · · Score: 1

      No doubt there is.

      One of the threads in Stephen Baxter's "Xeelee" future history is about this.

  78. Already Part of ID Arguments by geoffrobinson · · Score: 1

    It is factored in as the Universe is designed to allow us in this window for humans to investigate. I may be mischaracterizing the argument, but the overall point remains that this factor is used in cosmology-based ID arguments.

    --
    Except for ending slavery, the Nazis, communism, & securing American independence, war has never solved anything.
  79. prove it by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I think the bigger problem is that stupid humans constantly think they will accurately predict the future using tiny amount of data and a few seconds of cosmological time. Let start a field of science where we predict how we can waste money better.

    Maybe that's true, maybe it's not, we don't even know the shape of the universe, what started it, where it's going, when it will end, or basically most any other solid fact about it. The only constant so far that mankind can honestly stand behind is our own ignorance. Every 30 years or so major findings re-shape our views and while we are building toward a goal it's more likely than not the ultimate truth will be exponentially beyond our time and energy to produce. However, we can rest in peace knowing that when we are dead truth becomes irrelevant.

    I think the riddle of the universe is much like a torrent download where you seem to make a lot of ground at first and the the last 1% takes longer than the whole 99% before it. Predicting what other theoretical races will see in 300 billion years (pretty much an unimaginable amount of time for the human mind) is just silly. No matter what conclusion you come up with, you can't prove it and even if you could it still doesn't matter since it's 300 billion years from now. PLUS you make 100% assumptions on the theoretical races technology levels AND you create a premise that the only way to detect the former happenings of the universe is through radiation. Is it really THAT impossible to imagine that something can go faster than the speed of light or that at least information could be transfered faster than than the speed of light. FTL information trade between particles comes and goes in the theory business. We are like ants trying to understand astro-physics and, OF COURSE, we always think we have all the answers.

    It would be a lot better to see some tangible science instead of just what people can get grants for.

  80. Why is this modded up? by Darkman,+Walkin+Dude · · Score: 1

    Science is a useful way to pursue truth, but it is not the only way. I think people need to see that, and this is a good example of how that is true.

    You buffoon. Take your ignorance and creationist agenda and dry up. Is there anything that you maroons can't turn to your own cult recruitment tactics? You are wrong in so many ways its almost impossible to figure out where to start correcting you, and definitely not worth the bother.