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Your point would be so much better expressed if you understood the difference between having a common ancestor and evolving from.

Here's a handy infographic to help
http://www.iupui.edu/~mstd/a10...

The linked discussion includes some notes about things like graphics drivers on android (Linux) moving to user space. Apparently its not totally impossible. But yes, you are correct that there is generally overhead to having security in this case. However, if you want one example where the micro-kernel wins, I found one (I will not claim its typical, but its interesting). One except from The Performance of -Kernel-Based Systems section 6.1 "It is widely accepted than IPC can be implemented significantly faster in a micro-kernel environment than in classical monolithic systems. However, applications have to be rewritten to make use of it." While that seems like an grand claim, considering that almost the only thing microkernels do is IPC, maybe its well founded (I'd prefer if they had some citations for it though). In their data we can see their user space pipe implementation on top of the microkernel IPC being both lower latency and higher bandwidth than the Linux one. Of course the paper is 17 years old, it might not be a great source. KV-Cache: A Scalable High-Performance Web-Object Cache for Manycore shows a microkernel based design winning on performance over a linux based one, and its pretty new (2013). Looks like they managed to DMA network data into userspace directly. So now you can't say you have never seen any benchmarks where microkernels didn't do well. While they may not be the most fair benchmarks (it looks like they tuned the microkernel based systems pretty specially for them), if careful tuning can get gains much larger than the overhead when compared to existing linux systems, I don't think the overhead should be considered too bad. I don't know why /. is removing all my line breaks, oh well.

http://cs.iupui.edu/~jzheng////RP/index.html
"A route panorama captures and displays miles of scenes along a route optimized to use as little data as possible. It captures scenes with a slit in the frame of a camera moving along a certain route. This presentation details new techniques which do not require image stitching and thus simplifies the input process."

Well, blessed are the cheese makers.....

Wikipedia pointed out a subtlety about that scene

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python's_Life_of_Brian#Religious_satire_and_blasphemy_accusations

The Pythons unanimously deny that they were ever out to destroy people's faith. On the DVD audio commentary, they contend that the film is heretical because it lampoons the practices of modern organised religion, but that it does not blasphemously lampoon the God that Christians and Jews worship. When Jesus does appear in the film (on the Mount, speaking the Beatitudes), he is played straight (by actor Kenneth Colley) and portrayed with respect. The music and lighting make it clear that there is a genuine aura around him. The comedy begins when members of the crowd mishear his statements of peace, love and tolerance ("I think he said, 'blessed are the cheese makers'"). Importantly, he is distinct from the character of Brian, which is also evident in the scene where an annoying and ungrateful ex-leper pesters Brian for money, while moaning that since Jesus cured him, he has lost his source of income in the begging trade (referring to Jesus as a "bloody do-gooder").

So in Life of Brian the comedy comes from idiots not understanding the message of peace and tolerance.

Then again of course, Jesus discouraged stoning - "let him who is without sin cast the first stone". Unlike Mohammed

http://www.iupui.edu/~msaiupui/082.sbt.html#008.082.809

Narrated Ibn 'Umar:

A Jew and a Jewess were brought to Allah's Apostle on a charge of committing an illegal sexual intercourse. The Prophet asked them. "What is the legal punishment (for this sin) in your Book (Torah)?" They replied, "Our priests have innovated the punishment of blackening the faces with charcoal and Tajbiya." 'Abdullah bin Salam said, "O Allah's Apostle, tell them to bring the Torah." The Torah was brought, and then one of the Jews put his hand over the Divine Verse of the Rajam (stoning to death) and started reading what preceded and what followed it. On that, Ibn Salam said to the Jew, "Lift up your hand." Behold! The Divine Verse of the Rajam was under his hand. So Allah's Apostle ordered that the two (sinners) be stoned to death, and so they were stoned. Ibn 'Umar added: So both of them were stoned at the Balat and I saw the Jew sheltering the Jewess.

"I saw the Jew sheltering the Jewess". How chilling is that?

And it's clear that if Muhammad hadn't have been there the couple would have got a token punishment of face blackening, not be killed horribly.

In fact if you don't think either Jesus or Muhammad were divine these sorts of differences in their morality make it pretty clear that Jesus as a historical figure is owed a more respectful portrayal than Muhammad. Muhammad not only had sex slaves, he actually enslaved them himself after killing their husbands.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayhana

Rayhana was originally a member of the Banu Nadir tribe who married a man from the Banu Qurayza. After the Banu Qurayza were defeated by the armies of Muhammad in the Siege of the Banu Qurayza neighborhood, Rayhana was among those enslaved, while the men were executed for treason.

According to Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad took her as a maiden slave and offered her the status of becoming his wife if she accepted Islam, but she refused. According to his account, even though Rayhana is said to have later converted to Islam, she died as a slave.[1] According to Marco SchÃller, Rayhana either became the Prophet's concubine or, was married to him and later divorced

I was homeschooled until 2nd grade. I went to private schools until the middle of 4th grade, then switched to public schools and remained there until graduating 7th grade. After 7th grade, I decided that I wasn't learning anything in school, and I convinced my parents to homeschool me for my remaining 5 years (my siblings were homeschooled from start until 8th grade, so it wasn't such a leap for us to consider it).

Immediately after I quit school after 7th grade, I went to a computer science summer camp for high schoolers at my local university, IUPUI (a joint-campus of Purdue and Indiana Universities located in Indianapolis). The teacher in charge of the program noticed me and recommended that I take some college courses via a little-known program called SPAN (Special Programs for Academic Nurturing). SPAN at IUPUI allows for high school students to take college courses and receive dual high school and college credit.

I was 13 at this time, and I had complete academic freedom due to our decision to homeschool me, so what I did was take a light load (~8 credit hours) for two semesters. At all times, my university professors were very supportive, people were very friendly (in retrospect, I was probably lucky to have such accepting seniors at my university), and my experience was positive enough that after those two semesters, I just decided to drop homeschooling and take a full load at IUPUI. I was taking a full college course load at IUPUI by age 14, getting both high school and college credit. Essentially, IUPUI was my high school.

I have since changed majors twice (Computer Science --> Computer Graphics --> Japanese individualized major & Physics dual-degree), spent a year studying abroad, and after graduating last year, I am now enrolled in a Geophysics Ph.D. program. I believe that I am reasonably successful.

I was the first one ever to participate so young at IUPUI in the SPAN program, and after the success of my performance, IUPUI has become rather more aggressive at recruiting young homeschoolers and young prodigies with great success. They have certainly recruited much, much more intelligent and motivated children than I was, and I think this is of great benefit both to the university and the young students involved. No doubt you have heard of the 12 year old astrophysics researcher, recently. He is part of the SPAN program, and the Physics department is well-prepared to integrate him into its culture after dealing with my strange college career.

I also want to say that under no circumstances did I or my parents do this on our own. I have to commend the excellent and extraordinarily flexible staff at IUPUI for allowing me to participate at such a young age, and so many people at high levels of both the IU School of Liberal Arts and the Purdue School of Science were very accepting and worked with me. If you have a child that you think is capable of entrancing college at such a young age, or know of one, I would highly recommend going down to your local university and talking with them. You might mention my story, or contact IUPUI's SPAN program and talk to them about it. I know that other universities are starting to be more accepting of this kind of practice. It is not an easy thing to do; my mom had to drive me to class every day and pick me up afterwards -- IUPUI is largely a commuter college, so no dorm rooms were necessary for me. You should establish good rapport with the administration in your department and be flexible; remember, they are already being flexible with you to allow your child to enroll in classes as such a young age.

There are lots of bureaucratic hurdles to overcome (especially if you're in a state not friendly to homeschooling -- fortunately, Indiana is good), but very early entrance to college is achievable. There are some things that I missed

I was homeschooled until 2nd grade. I went to private schools until the middle of 4th grade, then switched to public schools and remained there until graduating 7th grade. After 7th grade, I decided that I wasn't learning anything in school, and I convinced my parents to homeschool me for my remaining 5 years (my siblings were homeschooled from start until 8th grade, so it wasn't such a leap for us to consider it).

Immediately after I quit school after 7th grade, I went to a computer science summer camp for high schoolers at my local university, IUPUI (a joint-campus of Purdue and Indiana Universities located in Indianapolis). The teacher in charge of the program noticed me and recommended that I take some college courses via a little-known program called SPAN (Special Programs for Academic Nurturing). SPAN at IUPUI allows for high school students to take college courses and receive dual high school and college credit.

I was 13 at this time, and I had complete academic freedom due to our decision to homeschool me, so what I did was take a light load (~8 credit hours) for two semesters. At all times, my university professors were very supportive, people were very friendly (in retrospect, I was probably lucky to have such accepting seniors at my university), and my experience was positive enough that after those two semesters, I just decided to drop homeschooling and take a full load at IUPUI. I was taking a full college course load at IUPUI by age 14, getting both high school and college credit. Essentially, IUPUI was my high school.

I have since changed majors twice (Computer Science --> Computer Graphics --> Japanese individualized major & Physics dual-degree), spent a year studying abroad, and after graduating last year, I am now enrolled in a Geophysics Ph.D. program. I believe that I am reasonably successful.

I was the first one ever to participate so young at IUPUI in the SPAN program, and after the success of my performance, IUPUI has become rather more aggressive at recruiting young homeschoolers and young prodigies with great success. They have certainly recruited much, much more intelligent and motivated children than I was, and I think this is of great benefit both to the university and the young students involved. No doubt you have heard of the 12 year old astrophysics researcher, recently. He is part of the SPAN program, and the Physics department is well-prepared to integrate him into its culture after dealing with my strange college career.

I also want to say that under no circumstances did I or my parents do this on our own. I have to commend the excellent and extraordinarily flexible staff at IUPUI for allowing me to participate at such a young age, and so many people at high levels of both the IU School of Liberal Arts and the Purdue School of Science were very accepting and worked with me. If you have a child that you think is capable of entrancing college at such a young age, or know of one, I would highly recommend going down to your local university and talking with them. You might mention my story, or contact IUPUI's SPAN program and talk to them about it. I know that other universities are starting to be more accepting of this kind of practice. It is not an easy thing to do; my mom had to drive me to class every day and pick me up afterwards -- IUPUI is largely a commuter college, so no dorm rooms were necessary for me. You should establish good rapport with the administration in your department and be flexible; remember, they are already being flexible with you to allow your child to enroll in classes as such a young age.

There are lots of bureaucratic hurdles to overcome (especially if you're in a state not friendly to homeschooling -- fortunately, Indiana is good), but very early entrance to college is achievable. There are some things that I missed

"Breathing" does not take carbon sequestered in the earth and vent it into the atmosphere.

Uhh, yes it does. Aerobic respiration is covered in high school biology. You eat sugars(or what eventually becomes sugar) which combine with oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water. Without enzymes this process is called combustion, like burning petroleum.

From seven years ago.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_panorama
http://www.cs.iupui.edu/~jzheng/RP/index.html

Since we're slinging accusations of misinformation and idiocy:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viability_(fetal)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premature_birth#Notable_preterm_births
https://scholarworks.iupui.edu/bitstream/handle/1805/583/OS76-127_VII.pdf?sequence=1

I was playing fast and loose with the age, and I don't see a nice excel chart of "90th percentile fetal viability by gestational week", but I'm at least as close as your notion of how long pregnancy _even lasts_.

The literature is pretty unambiguous about the following: premature babies with low birth weights have considerably higher outcomes when they have access to better NICU and pre-delivery technology. The survivability and zero-defect percentages get higher and higher and the gestational viability age creeps ever younger, as does the mass of viability.

That last link [the PDF] appears to be from the early 70s [based on guess]. It refers to no documented evidence of any infant surviving when born under 600g and before 24 weeks. The wikipedia link, refering to births in the 2003-2005 timeframe, pushes that to 21 weeks and _280g_.

You're trying to argue that medicine hasn't made significant advances in positive outcomes for low weight, early delivery babies since the 1950s.

You are objectively wrong. Don't misinform other slashdotters.

Seeing that I have been through public, private, AND home schooling, and I come from an extended family of both gifted and special needs children where home schooling has been really beneficial, I feel the need to chime in.

Definitely not all home schoolers are home schooled because of religious fanaticism. If I had to guess, I would say that most home schooled children are schooled that way because of a poor education at public/private schools. That poor education can go both ways -- a gifted child might not be stimulated enough at school, or a child with learning disabilities might not be taught at their ability to learn.

Home schooling is news for nerds because it is a topic that hits close to home for many of us. Many Slashdot readers have been home schooled or will home school their children, and I would venture to guess that the reason for that is because most of us here are not normal. Most of us here were not the popular kids at school, and while others preoccupied themselves with sleeping with as many people as possible or skateboarding, many of us watched the Discovery Channel.

Home schooling in and of itself isn't bad. Freedom to teach whatever you want lies at the very heart of home schooling. Parents are free to choose how to educate their children. There will be bad parents, average parents, and great parents, and passing legislation through in order to stop bad parents from badly parenting is as bad of an idea as passing legislation in order to stop parents from teaching children weird religions.

I, myself, have been home schooled, and I have also gone to public and private schools. I have met many people that were horrified that my parents could do something so terrible as to home school me; those sorts of people usually insinuate that home schooling destroys a child's capacity to interact with others socially and ruins them for the real world. In fact, with siblings 6 and 8 years my senior, I have always acted two or three grades more mature than my age, leaving me constantly outcast at typical schools. Being interested in science also further outcast me from having friends in public and private schools. My being home schooled has allowed me to enter my university at an early age (age 13 -- big thanks to IUPUI's fantastic SPAN program); unlike in primary schools, I am comfortable in a University setting, with much more freedom than in primary schools; because of my freedom, I was able to act on an opportunity to study abroad for 1 year; and despite my parents destroying my social abilities by home schooling me, I have been given awards for being a top student by my university, I have been accepted for a Summer Governor's Internship, and I have interned at NASA. This next year, I will be looking forward to entering graduate school for a PhD. in Geophysics.

I am not the only one with stories like this. IUPUI's SPAN program was created in order to help students like myself whose needs weren't being met by traditional schools. After my successful entrance into college at age 13, my aunt and uncle also took my cousin out of primary schools and enrolled him into the same university. He'll be moving on to a graduate degree in Electrical Engineering after next year. And another cousin, who has moderate Asperger's (among other behavioral problems), has always had terrible trouble fitting in at school and being taught in a way that he is able to learn. He didn't enroll in a university early, but his parents took advantage of many of the services and academies that cater to home schooled special needs and gifted children. This fall, he has been accepted for a full ride to a nice, private engineering university that is excited to have him in their Civil Engineering department.

Home schooling is not a bad thing. Like anything in life, there will be people who responsibly home school and people who irresponsibly home school. Stringent legislation will not prevent religious fanatic

Seeing that I have been through public, private, AND home schooling, and I come from an extended family of both gifted and special needs children where home schooling has been really beneficial, I feel the need to chime in.

Definitely not all home schoolers are home schooled because of religious fanaticism. If I had to guess, I would say that most home schooled children are schooled that way because of a poor education at public/private schools. That poor education can go both ways -- a gifted child might not be stimulated enough at school, or a child with learning disabilities might not be taught at their ability to learn.

Home schooling is news for nerds because it is a topic that hits close to home for many of us. Many Slashdot readers have been home schooled or will home school their children, and I would venture to guess that the reason for that is because most of us here are not normal. Most of us here were not the popular kids at school, and while others preoccupied themselves with sleeping with as many people as possible or skateboarding, many of us watched the Discovery Channel.

Home schooling in and of itself isn't bad. Freedom to teach whatever you want lies at the very heart of home schooling. Parents are free to choose how to educate their children. There will be bad parents, average parents, and great parents, and passing legislation through in order to stop bad parents from badly parenting is as bad of an idea as passing legislation in order to stop parents from teaching children weird religions.

I, myself, have been home schooled, and I have also gone to public and private schools. I have met many people that were horrified that my parents could do something so terrible as to home school me; those sorts of people usually insinuate that home schooling destroys a child's capacity to interact with others socially and ruins them for the real world. In fact, with siblings 6 and 8 years my senior, I have always acted two or three grades more mature than my age, leaving me constantly outcast at typical schools. Being interested in science also further outcast me from having friends in public and private schools. My being home schooled has allowed me to enter my university at an early age (age 13 -- big thanks to IUPUI's fantastic SPAN program); unlike in primary schools, I am comfortable in a University setting, with much more freedom than in primary schools; because of my freedom, I was able to act on an opportunity to study abroad for 1 year; and despite my parents destroying my social abilities by home schooling me, I have been given awards for being a top student by my university, I have been accepted for a Summer Governor's Internship, and I have interned at NASA. This next year, I will be looking forward to entering graduate school for a PhD. in Geophysics.

I am not the only one with stories like this. IUPUI's SPAN program was created in order to help students like myself whose needs weren't being met by traditional schools. After my successful entrance into college at age 13, my aunt and uncle also took my cousin out of primary schools and enrolled him into the same university. He'll be moving on to a graduate degree in Electrical Engineering after next year. And another cousin, who has moderate Asperger's (among other behavioral problems), has always had terrible trouble fitting in at school and being taught in a way that he is able to learn. He didn't enroll in a university early, but his parents took advantage of many of the services and academies that cater to home schooled special needs and gifted children. This fall, he has been accepted for a full ride to a nice, private engineering university that is excited to have him in their Civil Engineering department.

Home schooling is not a bad thing. Like anything in life, there will be people who responsibly home school and people who irresponsibly home school. Stringent legislation will not prevent religious fanatic

Humulin ("Human Insulin") is produced by a recombinant DNA process which transferred the gene for human insulin production into a variety of e. coli, and was approved by the FDA in 1982 (http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/n100/goodfor5.html). The bottom line is that we've been making human-animal hybrids for decades, they already treat some diseases and hold great promise in treating more, and legislation such as this only reinforces the image of Louisiana as a Luddite backwater.

That question immediately came to mind, since as wild guess I would expect something more like a catenary. At http://www.math.iupui.edu/m261vis/LMirror/mirrorproof.html they show that it really is a parabola.

No Child Left Behind is very harmful to intelligent kids. When I was in middle school, I learnt close to nothing and the only thing that was widely regarded was improvement, not achievement. At the end of the year, the school always handed out awards to exemplary students, and there were maybe 10 awards for various kinds of improvement, and then maybe one award for achievements or grades.

Having been home schooled until second grade, we finally decided to quit school and begin homeschooling again after 7th grade. This is when I was 12. At 13, we found that IUPUI (Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis) offered a program called SPAN, which basically allows you to take any college course for both college credit and equivalent high school credit. And since college work is much harder than high school work, they're sometimes worth more credits, too. In other words, I was able to completely replace all of my public middle school and high school, and all of my home schooling with full-time college. Doing so, I entered college at the age of 13.

IUPUI isn't the only college doing this, though. America has many of the best colleges and universities in the world, and its public school system is among the worst (down near the likes of Mexico last I saw a report on it, and that was years ago when schools were better). The universities here are increasingly growing weary of having to teach freshman what they used to learn in high school. Universities now love home schoolers because they have a much better education, and they are usually more disciplined and ready for college than their public school counter-parts.

The American school system is steadily moving towards a point where if you want your child to attend college, you can't enroll them in a public school.

http://www.engr.iupui.edu/diac/meetings/Plug-in%20Hybrid%20Vehicle%20DIAC%204_10_08r1.pdf
http://www.engr.iupui.edu/me/faculty/~sanwar.shtml

http://www.engr.iupui.edu/diac/meetings/Plug-in%20Hybrid%20Vehicle%20DIAC%204_10_08r1.pdf
http://www.engr.iupui.edu/me/faculty/~sanwar.shtml

The work is dated and I've seen nothing else since, but the idea of providing presentations as videos or audio recordings for review by students who can select, speed up, and extract what they need should have merit.

Here's a quote I picked up a few years back's:

"Apparently, American Psychological Association research has shown that while listening to a speaker, people do the following things:

*18% are really listening to the speaker

*25% are having erotic thoughts

*57% are thinking about something else

(Note: I say "apparently" because I read this in a handout I got at the CPSI conference, and haven't been able to find any actual confirmation of this research on the APA site.)

Most people can speak about 150 words per minute, but can hear and comprehend 900-950 words per minute. So after the first 20 seconds or so of a presentation, the audience will fade in and out and think about other things. So, we were told, you can make this work in your favor by drawing a line down the center of your notepaper and recording "in" thoughts on one side, and the "out" thoughts on the other side. This is supposed to free you from trying to remember "out" thoughts, and encourage you to generate ideas without losing track of the presentation. http://www.corante.com/ideaflow/ 20030201.shtml#21117"

Others have noted some web sites of possible value. Here are several more:

http://www.hardscience.info/

http://library.advanced.org/10170/menuw.htm

http://webphysics.iupui.edu/

http://www.aip.org/education/

http://www.falstad.com/mathphysics.html

http://www.vias.org/feee/index.html

http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Indexe s/HistoryTopics.html

http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/geometry/content.htm

http://acept.la.asu.edu/courses/phs110/expmts/toc. html

http://nsac.ca/eng/courses/math1000/index.asp

Hope there's something of value there. Jim

You are completely wrong.

The time shifting case allows the recording of entire TV shows, movies, etc., in a noncommercial home environment for personal use.

That is not "fair use". Fair use is an entirely different concept, and is widely understood to NOT allow the recording of entire copyrighted content wholesale. You can use small clips, and that's it. And what constitutes a "small clip" does not have a specific definition, but it is most certainly NOT the entirety of the content, e.g., in an educational context:

III. Amount

Amount is measured both quantitatively and qualitatively. No exact measures of allowable quantity exist in the law. Quantity must be evaluated relative to the length of the entire original and in light of the amount needed to serve a proper objective. One court has ruled that a journal article alone is an entire work; any copying of an entire work usually weighs heavily against fair use. Pictures generate serious controversies, because a user nearly always wants the full image, or the full "amount." On the other hand, a "thumbnail," low-resolution version of the image might be an acceptable "amount" to serve an education or research purpose. Motion pictures are also problematic, because even short clips may borrow the most extraordinary or creative elements. One may also reproduce only a small portion of any work, but still take "the heart of the work." This concept is a qualitative measure that may weigh against fair use.

There is quite a bit of information about the "short clip" provisions for fair use, which are subjective, all around various legal and other sites on the internet. But the bottom line is that it is NEVER all of the content, and is always a very small portion of the total content.

"A newborn is obviously human, whereas a zygote is obviously not."

Questions, questions. The first degree is obviously psychology (either alone or as part of another degree. Usually a M.S.)

http://www.si.umich.edu/msi/hci-reqs.htm

http://informatics.iupui.edu/academics/hci/hci_ms_ requirements.php

"I've always been fascinated by HCI but have yet to be able to pursue this in a work-related setting (where I tend to write backend code, basically as far away from users as you could possibly get)."

You may already have some of the requirements (see above). Fill in the rest, either self-study, or part-time schooling. But you have to be serious about this field. It's a LOT of work to become good.

Here's an example of some of the things HCI produces.

is a powerful motivator. Bill, like everyone else, wants people to think he's a good guy. Since he's as famous as the Beatles (though not as famous as that Guy you don't want me to mention or you'll bash me as a zealot), he has to do more to be seen as a good guy.

But "there is no doubt that he and his wife have done more for charitable organizations than anyone in history" is a stretch. Ever hear of Andrew Carnegie? Built libraries, died broke. He gave more than Bill and the Missus, since he gave everything he had.

How about Stallman and Torvalds? They don't do much for charitable organizations per se, but having given us GCC and Linux I'd say they've done quite a bit of giving.

But that's an aside. From IUPUI:

The Center on Philanthropy compiled a list of 531 gifts of $1 million or more in the first quarter of 2005 that were announced in various newsletters, newspapers, and other publications [...]

Lotsa folks give money. What do you do with the rest of yourself -- are you kind to others, or do you try to suck the last penny out of their pockets, taking the crumbs from the plates of the poor?

[...]
In fact, you could win on just one (most likely that there is no impact on the market for the work), as the analysis is one of equity, not mechanically adding up the factors and deciding in favor of whoever has the most on their side.
[...]

I suspect that the copyright holder could make a reasonable case that unauthorized publication on a website would have a negative impact on sales of the lyrics by authorized publishers, whether those authorized publishers sell sheet music, books or downloadable files. Any website with commercial activity, such as Google ads or click-throughs, in proximity to unauthorized publications is likely fried.

Here is a quickie reference to some fair use U.S. court case summaries, some of which illustrate your points about the factors and transformative works:

Key Court Case Summaries on Fair Use

From the above web page
1968: The first Gen Con was held in the Lake Geneva Horticultural Hall (a.k.a. 4H Hall) and was sponsored by the Lake Geneva Tactical Studies Association, with around 100 people in attendance.

Also on the page
1977: Gen Con expanded into the Playboy resort, where the Playboy Bunnies were delivering drinks and were later banned in the gaming area for being a disruption. Old timers are still nostalgic about that year.
btw, scroll down for a pic of a girl(?) in a cation tape bikini

Copyright Durations
...the copyright term began on the date of publication or registration, and originally lasted 28 years...
http://www.bromsun.com/practice/copyrights/copyrig ht_durations.html

bulk.resource.org
Data rescued by media.org.
http://bulk.resource.org/copyright/

Copyright Clearance Center
http://www.copyright.com/

Copyright in Cyberspace
http://www.albion.com/netiquette/book/0963702513p1 33.html

Copyright Management Center
http://copyright.iupui.edu/

Copyright Website
http://www.benedict.com/

FAIRCOPY
http://www.faircopy.com/

Janis Ian
The Internet Debacle - An Alternative View
http://www.janisian.com/article-internet_debacle.h tml
FALLOUT - a follow up to The Internet Debacle
http://www.janisian.com/article-fallout.html

Musicians Against Copyrighting Of Samples
http://www.icomm.ca/macos/

Stanford University Libraries
http://fairuse.stanford.edu/

U.S. Copyright Office - Fair Use
http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html

What is Copyright Protection
http://www.whatiscopyright.org/

yah, people, along with other animals, are not born with developed vision. Play with a newborn baby for a while. Babies have poor vision at birth but can see faces at close range, even in the newborn nursery. At about six weeks a baby's eyes should follow objects and by four months should work together. Over the first year or two, vision develops rapidly. A two-year-old usually sees around 20/30, nearly the same as an adult. http://www.iupui.edu/~ophthal/html/eyes_babiesvisi on.html

Which is why informatics programs like the one Indiana offers (especially the program at its Indianapolis campus) are so important. It gives people the education needed to bridge the two areas.

BTW, the term is "bioinformaticists", not "bioinformaticians"

At the expense of shops who were using no computer at all. Or abacuses.

I would laugh if the situation weren't so serious for my company. We are on the verge of a disaster.

Chisembop manual sales have been flat for 5 years.

Adding machine sales are down 38%.

Calculator sales are down 52%, including the newest hand held models.

Slide rule sales are down 79%.

Analytical engine sales are down 93%.

Tabulator sales are down 98%.

Our abacus miniaturization project is running into problems with prior art by a "major" competitor.

To top it off, our hope for a Multitronic breakthrough appears to have dangerous side effects after four models that were outright failures.

Unless we can pump up our mentat outsourcing service, or complete development of our Make me a Rainman! kit, we're doomed! Doomed I tell you! :(

You can justify all you want, but the truth is that any objection against gambling is purely moral. I'm always amazed at how ass-backward conservative Slashdot is when it comes to things like gambling, but I guess that's the US mentality of "gambling evil" at work.

Well..

I don't think that gambling in and of itself is morally or ethically wrong, but the problem is that it lends itself to addiction through a random reward stimulus, and that addiction ends up creating a burden for society.

Described here (end of second paragraph), here (fourth paragraph), and here (particularly insightful).

If you give a rat a button which randomly either provides a shock, or a reward, the rat will press it obsessively. Contrast that to a button which either provides purely reward or punishment, and the reaction will be markedly decreased. As much as we'd like to think so, we're not that different from our less talkative mammallian counterparts. Throw in the fact that gambling/casinos never close, and games never actually end per se, unless you run out of money, or you can manage your desire to keep playing and quit while you're ahead. Sure, not everybody gets addicted, just like not everybody gets addicted to the pleasure reward of alcohol, tobacco, or less socially/legally acceptable substances, but casinos and other industries profit most from the ones who do get hooked. It's their meal ticket. The people who can consistantly get up and walk away when they're up aren't the people who keep coming back, and if they do, they're asked to leave.

Online MMOGs, specifically EQ but also others, provide a random reward as well. While the short term consequences of compulsive gaming might not be glaringly obvious, in my personal experience, there's a trend for people to withdraw from their real-world responsibilities and even hobbies and interests to pursue the virtual world of "exciting," pseudo-random reward stimulus.

I don't believe that any of these activities should be illegal. Once you turn 18, the hand holding is over in my book.. if you screw up your life, that's your mistake. But to believe that gambling doesn't pose a real risk of problem behavior, and that society doesn't shoulder the burden, is simply naive.

On a related note, I can't wait to go back to Vegas. ;)

Actually I think its a good example, libraries and Kinkos went to self service photocopiers because it does afford them significant protection under the US copyright law. Check this university library site for more details. Quoted from that site:

Section 108(f)(2) gives protection to libraries, archives, and their employees from liability that may arise from the "unsupervised use" of photocopy machines and other equipment at the library, provided that the "equipment displays a notice that the making of a copy may be subject to the copyright law. . . ."

The function of the law is actually remarkably simple. If the library places the notice on the machine, the library avoids potential legal liability for infringements that a user may commit by the use of that equipment.

Generally, limited distribution of copyrighted material to your friends is considered fair use. See the Fair Use Checklist -- favoring fair use, it lists "restricted access", "one or few copies made", "no significant effect on the market."

that honor belongs to chisenbop, which uses your fingers as the mechanical parts. It's theorized that the abacus came from chisenbop.

well u made one mistake. the the WFF u stated doesnot include 'argument' as a variable that's why you cannot state any result which can include 'argument'.
according to your WFF the result would be
'geeks are stupid' and nothing else.
plz chk this for more explaination.

Indiana University (my employer) and Purdue University (where I got my undergrad degree) have a joint institution in Indianapolis called Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis or IUPUI (where I work and take grad courses). I found it shocking that a joint venture between the two top rated doesn't even rank. None the less, as someone from IUPUI (or Indian in general)it makes me proud to see IU and PU listed as the top two, especially considering that Indiana is far from what I would consider a high-tech state, rather to the contrary actually. Indiana is still a farming state to some degree. Purdue is actually known for two things: engineering and agriculture. Go figure.

My mathematician wife, by the way, pictures numbers as colors and can somehow do back-of-the-envelope calculations that way. I'm not entirely sure that's a sign of a healthy mind, but it seems to work for her.

Agreed, "Chaos is perhaps at the bottom of everything." sums it up. ...No, wait, that's way too general for the given context, hmm.. (Ignorance alert: I actually never even considered the origins of that particular phrase* - thanks for the pointer!).

*) For folks matching me in cluelessness: I believe KFG's referring to the quote**

"Progress, far from consisting in change, depends on retentiveness. Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." (The Life of Reason, 1905)

**) But "A child educated only at school is an uneducated child," seems applicable too.

On the other hand it requires a certain mathmatical understanding to play freecell if you expect to win.

Learning to use an abacus would have been the correct way of going about teaching the "New Math," which was otherwise a bit of a failure.

Perhaps better still would be learning Chisenbop, since it's harder to misplace your fingers than an abacus, and you can convert to octal by simply removing two of them.

Chisenbop

KFG

Not a very well known school, but it's a campus of both Indiana University and Purdue. I suggest checking out the Informatics major. IUPUI also has a part in Internet2. I'm not sure of the details, as my area is bioinformatics, but there's something under the library :o).

Otherwise, you may also be interested in Purdue's CPT program. They offer a Network Engineering Degree. Purdue is perhaps the best engineering/tech university in the midwest, maybe even east of the Mississippi. In fact, maybe even east of California. And unlike IU, their football team doesn't entirely suck.

Plus, Indianapolis has lots of things going for it for someone in the industry. Plenty of large companies that need tech workers (the headquarters of Lilly and Conseco and Thompson Consumer Electronics North America and Simon Property Group - the world's largest mall owner) as well as many regionally strong tech companies.

Yes, I'm a little biased, but for good reason.

Not a very well known school, but it's a campus of both Indiana University and Purdue. I suggest checking out the Informatics major. IUPUI also has a part in Internet2. I'm not sure of the details, as my area is bioinformatics, but there's something under the library :o).

Otherwise, you may also be interested in Purdue's CPT program. They offer a Network Engineering Degree. Purdue is perhaps the best engineering/tech university in the midwest, maybe even east of the Mississippi. In fact, maybe even east of California. And unlike IU, their football team doesn't entirely suck.

Plus, Indianapolis has lots of things going for it for someone in the industry. Plenty of large companies that need tech workers (the headquarters of Lilly and Conseco and Thompson Consumer Electronics North America and Simon Property Group - the world's largest mall owner) as well as many regionally strong tech companies.

Yes, I'm a little biased, but for good reason.

A few days ago, slashdot had a discussion about people's first computers. My first computer was mentioned and there was even a link to see it. Somehow seeing the picture made me miss the little fella, so I called my parents up and asked them if they might still have it in a box or drawer somewhere. My father said "No, sorry, I haven't seen that thing for years". I wasn't surprised... until on x-mas day when I went to my parents' house for dinner and found that my dad went up in his attic and found that old thing. I couldn't wait to plug it in and hook it up to an old TV to see if it still worked, and it did! The nostalgia almost brought a tear to my eye. This was the machine that I wrote my very first program on. I was 9 years old and am now 30. The only sad part of the story is that the first thing it displays when turned on is "Microsoft Corporation Copyright 1982". I didn't remember that... I must have subconsciously blocked it out of my memories. I wish I could find the book and/or other documents that came with it though. Anyway, my father also found an old TI99/4a with 2 games: football and some math learning 'game' or is it spelling, I dunno. The TI99/4a isn't that significant to me, but I'm sure it would be to someone who had one as their first computer and can no longer find it (one). So in the spirit of the holidays, I'm willing to send it to the first slashdoter that would get a kick out of seeing / using a TI99/4a again and emails me with a request for it. You'll have to pay for the shipping though. Cheers and Happy Holidays!

We used to be able to get Windows XP Pro with no activation Here (www.iupui.edu) with a group license that could be installed on as many machines as you want for $5.00, but it was recently changed as I suspect many will be to a $10.00 copy with only 1 license.

See here.

I am a Computer and Informantion Technology(CIT) student at Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis and we have the same deal... Office XP & VS.NET 2003 for $35, and WinXP Pro for $10. Office XP & VS.NET can also be downloaded from the school's software site free of charge(If you have a big enough pipe to handle it). Unfortunately, our CIT dept. has gone to hell with the inundation of M$ software, it seems that almost nothing is taught about IT outside the windows world.(groans...) LS

So I went to the demo site at http://testing.tc.iupui.edu/fipsedemo/ and c&p'd an essay generated by the Postmodernism Generator and guess what -- it got a nearly perfect score!
Overall: 100 3.2384
Content: 100 3.0584
Creativity: 99.973 2.9973
Style: 100 3.4543
Mechanics: 100 3.6429
Organization: 100 3.4075

Our hands? Chisenbop, anyone?

City wages war against violent video games

Basically, with this law in effect, depending on the size of your arcade, you might have to rent a larger builing if you wanted to stock Tekken. I think it was even ambiguous if you could create an "adult's only" arcade.

It wasn't really aimed at retail stores as much:

"It would be an odd conception of the First Amendment that would allow a state to prevent a boy from purchasing a magazine containing pictures of topless women in provocative poses, but give the same boy a constitutional right to train to become a sniper at the local arcade without his parents' permission," U.S. District Judge David Hamilton said at the time.

First They Take Vice City, Then They Take Berlin: Video Game Legislation Offers Hard Lessons For Comic Books

The main point is that this was censorship, of a very specific kind. By imposing harsh restrictions on arcade owners that would cost money to meet, they basically could cause arcade owners to stop stocking certain games. Arcade owners are mostly interested in making money, not in idealistically protecting the right of the public to have the choice of playing the video games they want. (It's exactly the same purpose as the Castillo case, really, just swap out comic books for video games.)

The main thing that comes through in these cases is that the people putting these bans in place don't like video games at all and don't think kids (or adults) ought to be playing them, period. They go after them where they are weakest, the only reason they don't try for a blanket ban on all video games is because this is not Afghanistan and it wouldn't hold up. It's very reminiscent of the anti-Dungeons & Dragons crusades of years past, if these same people had stated right out why they didn't like D&D they would not have been listened to. So instead, they linked it to suicide and homicidal rampages among teenagers, even if the link was tenuous or an urban legend.

Form PA is used for copyrighting printed music and/or lyrics on traditional staff paper.

Form SR is used for copyrighting a finished music production that can be played back on any music reproduction device. Every track on every album has a form SR associated with it.

You cannot copyright a rhythm or a "riff"; the copyright protects a complete song on the basis of melody, lyrics, and chord/bass structure. Huey Lewis & the News won a copyright infringement against Ray Parker Jr in 1981 when a court concluded that the "Ghostbusters" theme song was too identical to "I want a new drug".

However there are publishing licenses, mechanical licences, print licenses, et al as described here. These are the protection mechanisms of copyrighted music that go all the way back to the birth of radio in the 1920s. Sampling falls under the definition of a music reproduction device. If a sample artist intends to "lift" a segment of a prerecorded work for profit, they need to get mechanical license to use them or they risk forfeiting all profits to the copyright owner. The precedent was established all the way back to Vanilla Ice plagiarizing the main hook from Queen's "Under Pressure" for his hit song "Ice Ice Baby".

Fair use applies when there is no profit earned. Earn a profit and you attract trouble if you don't get permission to use samples. There is a good primer on copyright fair use here.

It will stop you when Disney sues your school district and they fire you.

It sounds to me like your uses fall within Fair Use, which for multimedia is generally interpreted as 10 minutes or 15%, whichever is less. (multimedia copyright info) TEACH allows you to use materials in the same way online that you always used them in a live classroom, but the materials must be password protected and protected from further copying (generally interpreted as streamed).

If you are interested in copyright, check out the University of Texas and Purdue which both have wonderful information about Copyright.

The routers for the I2 backbone in the US are managed by the Abilene NOC at IUPUI. I went to a meeting about a year ago where they talked about setting up the Indiana GigaPOP and replacing all of the routers with Juniper T640s.

Just because one thing is broken doesn't mean you should leave other things broken.

Fix what's important first, and worry about the small things later.

Somebody accessed patient data at Indiana University Center for Sleep Disorders through a Trojan horse. Last month, somebody got ahold of 8 million credit card numbers, and while the details of the theft haven't been released yet, you can be sure it wasn't through HTTP.

If you want to waste your time implementing security measures that won't help and ignoring those that will, that's your business. But if you do, don't make the mistake of thinking that you're doing a good job.

Track changes (or more accurately the "new comment" feature) does work very well in the Office XP incarnation of word. Unlike previous versions, the inserted note shows up on the side of the document just like a margin note, with a line pointing to the referenced text in the document. It does look like they were trying to emulate exactly the idea of margin notes.

I have used this extensively when reading other people's documents and sending back suggestions. The only limitations I've seen vs. real margin notes is that you can't control the size of the font for the margin note (unless there is a way I'm not aware of)

Here's a (not so great looking) screenshot of the comment feature in word.

Also, look into the new beta OneNote from microsoft. I have note yet seen it, I just found it on the MS website while looking for a word comment screenshot. It looks like it's geared toward the TabletPC, but I can't tell from my brief reading if it can annotate existing documents or it's just a glorified notepad with its own file format.