Slashdot Mirror

The ESA has data showing Greenland's ice mass getting bigger.
http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/greenland_ icesheet_growing.html?4112005
I don't doubt that human existence is causing some changes in the Earth's environment, but I doubt we've hit the point of no return yet. Besides, if we're ever going to colonize nearby space, we'll needs lots of water. And since this is the only planet we know of to have vast amounts of liquid water (and certainly the only one we readily have access to), perhaps it's not such a bad thing that all the Earth's ice is melting. Adaptation has worked for our species before, I'm sure it can work again.

This man is absolutely brilliant in not just string theory, but space and time travel, and quantum physics.

He states his belief in God, but will answer questions that he does not have 'facts' for with a: "I take a agnositc point of view on that matter.."

LOL!! Even tho I don't understand hardly a darn thing the man says.. I KNOW you will enjoy listen/reading him if you do!! :)

One interesting interview with him http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/advanced_c ivilization_become.html

-- SlashDot's Moderation system is not broke, it is fixed.

$ aget -n 8 -f http://www.universetoday.com/365days.pdf
Download completed, job completed in 25 seconds. (556 Kb/sec)

Try to think about the size of a wind turbine in comparison to the SURFACE AREA OF ANY MAJOR OCEAN. Seriously, for a just a moment. Quick google facts:

Surface area of the Pacific:
166 million square kilometres, 64 million square miles

Typical size of a wind turbine:
Blade span (total diameter): 200 - 350 feet
Mast height: 150 - 300+ feet

Arranging 4 of these together on a platform the size of a (american) football field (360*160 = 57600 sq. ft.) would mean that you could cover the Pacific with these if you managed to produce a hair under 31 billion platforms...

Let's say you want to have a total of 1000 platforms, each with 4 turbines. This would require (approx) 0.00000322% of the surfacea area of the Pacific. It is unlikely that such turbines would have a measurable effect on global weather patterns.

I'm not trying to flame you here, just want to underscore that the amount of energy contained in global weather patterns and the size of the oceans (from which much of this energy flows from) completely dwarfs almost anything we can realistically throw at it right now. It has been estimated that it would require thousands to millions of times our current planetwide energy output to reach a level where weather patterns could be altered.

Slacker Astronomy
http://www.slackerastronomy.org/slack-live.xml

Science @ NASA
http://science.nasa.gov/podcast.xml

Universe Today
http://www.universetoday.com/audio.xml

Berkeley Groks
http://www.groks.net/groks.rss

Regulus
http://www.regulusastro.com/regulus/whatsup/podcas t.rss

Less gravity means the cable could be shorter

• It is much shorter than it would otherwise need to be, meaning it uses much less material in its construction, and the material does not need to be as strong as for a longer, non-Earth's-gravity-counterweighted cable.
  (Note, however, that it's still longer than the Earth's Space Elevator.)
  In fact, such an elevator's cable could be made out of Kevlar!
• The cable goes through L1, one of the Earth-Moon Lagrange points, which is a node on the Interplanetary Superhighway.
• Material mined on the Moon can be lifted "up" the elevator, through the Earth-Moon Lagrange point, then lifted "down" the cable toward the Earth, and deposited directly into Earth orbit.

parts of the moon are in constant sunlight

Seems that Mars has some global warming going on as well - http://science.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/09/2 1/0450257&tid=160&tid=99

And the sun is supposed to be near it's the minimum of it's 11 year solar cycle, but something looks to be amiss - http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/solar_min_ like_max.html

I'm sure that Bush is to blame for these two strange circumstances as well.

For the benefit of my fellow Slashdotters, here is a place to whine about dupe articles. To wit:

Large Scale Production of Artificial Meat
Posted by timothy on Wed Jul 06, '05 02:27 PM
from the vat-meat-cometh dept.
http://science.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/07/0 6/1737228&tid=191&tid=14

Fraser Cain writes "Scientists at the University of Maryland think that large quantities of artificial meat (link: http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/artificial _meat_grown.html) could be produced to supply the world with animal-free meat products, like chickenless nuggets. This is based on experiments for NASA (link: http://archives.cnn.com/2002/TECH/space/03/22/fish .food/index.html), that created small amounts of fish protein cultured from single cells. According to the researchers, larger quantities could be grown in thin sheets and then stacked up to create thickness. Of course, they need to figure out a way to exercise it to make it taste like regular meat."

More information of hidden black holes and their discovery.

NASA ppl disagree with you.

An estimate of the orbital delta-v for Tempel /Deep Impact suggests a velocity change of only 1 cm/hour (I can't vouch for the math). Assuming we would need to nudge a threatening body by 1/2 the diameter of the Earth (from direct hit to grazing pass-by), we would need to know to hit a Tempel 1-sized body in advance by over 73,000 years. This type of mission would work 10 years in advance for much smaller bodies (say less than 350 m in diameter). Even these estimates assume a perfect strike by the deflecting deep impactor -- a margin of error or the need to push the object several Earth-diameters further reduces the potential for this method.

Kinetic energy is not the way to go. Deep Impact delivered only about 4.5 kt of TNT. In contrast, a good sized thermonuclear weapon could deliver thousands of times that energy (even taking into account the relatively poor conversion of 100 megatons yield into delta-V).

My theory is just as credible as yours since it's only a theory and not a fact.

Ok, now that that diatribe is over, what's truly interesting is not that what Einstein proposed 100 years ago is still being studied and restudied, it's that one portion of it was recently confirmed. Frame dragging was only confirmed last year.

Certainly other parts have been verified (relative time for example) but this portion, frame dragging, puts things in a whole new light. We're not just bodies in space. Instead, are bodies are changing the space around us!

For some informative information on this "rare" event have a look
at http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/conjunctio n_mercury_venus_saturn.html?2362005/

Damnit, now you know I'm gonna have to go out and post that flyer all over my city! BASTARD! :) I might even use this photo:

http://www.universetoday.com/am/uploads/2004-1110s ail-full.jpg

Want me to email you some pics of the flyer, as well as the various locations I post it? I'm gonna post it either way, so we both might as well enjoy it :)

So let them build a space cable out to the Earth-Moon L1 point.

The P.I. for the "Deep Field Infrared Observatory Near the Lunar Pole" is... Roger Angel. No, not the baseball writer, the two-ell angel, but the astronomer and telescope designer from the U of A who pioneered using spun-molten-glass as a means of making huge, thin mirrors.

Here's a story from Universe Today and one from space.com.

Have you seen the page on Space Food: http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/mmm_food_m ars.html ? (you may need to close up the gap in mars in the url)

Here you can see the French plan to invade a peace-loving neighbourly planet, seed it with life-forms, and then eat them!

I had never thought b-list science fiction plots worthy of any consideration, but the French obviously do. They even proudly show a spoon-full of simulated dead Martian creatures (they suggest boiling them to death).

I just completed a podcast interviewing Dr. Stephen Hsu, one of the contributors to this research. He explains more about how wormholes are theoretically impossible to keep stable.

The first solar sail spacecraft was launched by the Japanese last year. See here for more info.

All volcanic activity on Mars has ceased.

That page you linked to was last changed in 1997. Nowadays we know more (that link is just the first hit in Google for 'mars volcanoes dormant').

I disagree, people will get it. You explained it quite well in your comment #11604781. But there are thousands of people here, and several hundred comments. Not everyone reads all the comments. Especially considering your comment appeared ten hours after the article, and many people read comments only in the first two or three hours.

Keep a copy of your explanation on your hard disk. Copy-paste it as a comment when the topic arises, early if possible. Then people will get it and start telling each other.

I suppose the economy of moon voyages might change in interesting ways if this moon-based space elevator can really be deployed, with the top close to the L1 Lagrange point between the moon and Earth.

Observatories go near the poles in craters large and deep enoough that the rays of the Sun do not penetrate to the bottom. A large rotating liquid metal mirror telscope is in contemplation.

http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/pristine_v iew_universe_moon.html?2812005/

assuming this back-of-the-envelope calculation is right.

Damn!!!

For a moment, I thought this was a Furry monkey with an eye closed about to swallow a bunch of stars..

I gotta warn everybody!!!

Oh wait! Hi Tommy! Hi Will.. What did ya say..

**Zap**

mmm..where was I?

NASA had a real cool solar powered plane. Helios RIP (shall rise again) was unmanned but could stay up for weeks.

Bertrand Piccard will be having a go at round the world solar powered flight. "...70-metre wingspan (larger than a Boeing 747)..."

Bertrand's the dude who just wouldn't give up and got around the world in a balloon in 1999.

They're not really using it for "binocular vision", they're using it to do "aperture synthesis" or optical interferometry where the separation of two telescopes whose optical paths are combined (with sub wavelength (like 550nanometers for green) precision maintenance of the optical path) effectively allows it to have the resolution of one humongous telescope whose mirror is as big as the separation between the two smaller telescopes or "baseline". Radio telescopes are combined in the VLBA or very long baseline array like this, except that they are not connected to eachother as they make observations (at least not until recently) so they record the phase of the radio waves as correlated to a high precision atomic clock standard, then combine the (usually terabytes of) data from each dish later on supercomputers. None of this comes across terribly clearly in the article because the journalist who wrote it is an idiot("SPIRIT telescope since it will be detecting infrared light, which is a light form of heat." uhhhh yeah.).

Google news search for "mag-beam" returned http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/507649/ and http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/mag_beam_p ropulsion_system.html?14102004 with a sci-fi looking picture.

Froogle search for "mag-beam" did not match any products. :)

That's Mimas!

Thank you for taking the time for your response.

Saturn's missing ring spokes.
"scientists are already puzzling over the noticeable absence of the ghostly spoke-like dark markings in the rings first seen by Voyager on its approach to the planet 23 years ago"

Oxygen on Venus
"An unexpected sign of atomic oxygen has been found in spectroscopic data of Venus' atmosphere. This comes as a major surprise since data from earlier studies had shown molecular oxygen, O2 and ozone, but not single oxygen atoms.

It wasn't just a weak trace of atomic oxygen either. The data shows a green line nearly as intense as the glow from Earth's atmosphere, even after taking that effect into account in the ground based data.

"I certainly trust those data," stated Dr. Crisp. "Something weird is going on in the upper atmosphere of Venus."

The first bottom line is that we just don't know what's going on."

Hot Io Temperatures
"In its chilly corner of the universe, Io needs to release its inner heat, just as a cup of hot coffee cools by releasing steam. Scientists have known for a while that Io is the solar system's most volcanically active planetary body. Yet scientists were surprised by the extreme temperatures.

"Given Io's intense vulcanism, we expect extreme differentiation," McEwen says. "The evidence suggests we're seeing heavy magma erupt to the surface. How do we explain that? It's harder for dense material to rise through a low-density crust, although this has occurred on Earth's moon. Perhaps some process mixes the crust back into Io's interior, so the crust has a higher density."

On Earth, the tectonic plates move slowly around the surface, forming new crust at mid-ocean ridges, for example, and recycling oceanic crust into the hot mantle where two plates collide, one diving under the other. Scientists don't know yet how to explain what's happening on Io."

I am interested in your explanation about precipitative heating, but I don't see any information on it. A quick google for "precipitative heating" "gas giants" returns zero results. I have to say I still find it hard to believe that denser elements sinking would cause greater energy radiation than the entire planet is receiving from the Sun though, or that this process is still going strong after billions of years.

Puzzling Seasons and Signs of Wind Found on Pluto
"Seasonal change on Pluto is causing the planet to warm up even as it moves away from the Sun, according to two studies that also detected the first firm signs of weather on the tiny planet.

In a deeper analysis of data first announced in October, researchers now say Pluto's atmospheric pressure doubled since 1988. They say the average global temperature must have climbed, too, by about 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degree Celsius)."

Pluto is undergoing global warming, researchers find
"Pluto is undergoing global warming, as evidenced by a three-fold increase in the planet's atmospheric pressure during the past 14 years

"This is a very complex process, and we just don't know what is causing these effects" on Pluto's surface, Elliot said."

---------------

So it still appears to me, regardless of Hoagland's wild rantings, that there are indeed large scale planetary phenomena going on in the solar system which scientists are at a loss to adequately explain. The bottom line is that we seem to have a rather limited understanding of planetary climate change.

Subsequently, I am concerned that similar rapid and global change coul

so, are we just supposed to believe it's a coincedence that not only does saturn have the deathstar for a moon, now it has another moon that glows in the dark?

here's hoping my tinfoil hat blocks whatever evil alien radiation Titan's broadcasting

hmm, never thought about it before....

wonder what condition that flag is in after 25 years exposed to direct sunlight with no atmosphere?

I assume it was just a normal flag made of what, cotton or somesuch? I would imagine if nothing else it is faded to match the surrounding grey moonscape.

But then again, it isn't standing anymore at all, is it? The thing was sent flying by the eagle's ascent engines, wasn't it?

http://www.universetoday.com/html/articles/2001-02 07a.html
Apollo 11's flag got knocked over when the LM Eagle ascent stage took off on July 21, 1969. Arthur C. Clarke predicted a future issue in his 1976 SF novel Imperial Earth, where historians of the year 2276 debate whether to stand up the flag or leave it lying in the lunar regolith.

This should do wonders for solar flight, like the ESA's solar plane, and the research into cheaper-than-satellite technologies for signal rebroadcasting, like here.

Holy cow, nobody has yet even mentioned 2004-DW as a candidate for Sedna nor posted any links. Here ya go:

story 1
story 2
story 3
website of researcher at CalTech

The diameter (up to 1880 km) of 2004-DW matches pretty nicely with the upper estimate of 2000km of Sedna. These reports find 2004-DW to comparible in size to Quaoar. (Note these stories came out when the data was fresh, better numbers should be handed out Monday.)

Liquid water on Mars required the atmospheric pressures to be higher than they are right now.

You need to review your phase-state diagrams, you've forgotten the temperature dimension. If the temperature is low enough it will stay in liquid form. But how do you keep it from freezing, you ask? Add salts. Like the salty brine they are wondering if they found at the Spirit site.

Ahhhh, I remember the good old days when computer geeks who think they know science got low mod points.

that's planned for 2009 mars science laboratory
(#2)

NASA's explination for the changes and need for image processing. I am still not sure the get it exactly right, but that's OK, neither is any one else.

"I will not let you say those things about my country..."

Well, I already did, and there is really fuckall you can do about it, or anything else negative (and true) about Brazil.

"I know the truth about Brazil
yes, we have flaws, but we have strenghts too.."

As does every country on the planet. What's your point?

"...our space program is the most cost efective EVER.. we spent a fraction of what other countries have spent and accomplished great things"

Such as? Brazil abandoned its satellite program after two failures (read: explosions), and is now 'working with' (i.e. paying) France to develop the next generation. If Brazilians are so good at this rocketry stuff, why do they need French assistance? And the program is only cost effective IF YOUR ROCKETS STOP EXPLODING AND TAKING THE PAYLOAD WITH THEM. The reason Brazil is a good launch point is because it's near the sweet spot on the equator for geostationary orbit, NOT because Brazilians are involved.

"we don't have money to toss around like those world dominators up there... so we have to do it right, because we can't make mistakes"

You have to do it right, so that's why you keep doing it wrong?

"I WILL NOT LET YOU BLAME YOUR FLAWED PERCEPTION OF MY COUNTRY BE THE EXPLANATION OF THE CAUSES OF THIS ACCIDENT"

You seem to be seriously deluded as to what you can and cannot do to me.

"oh yes, I could say Columbia went bye-bye because US is a deorganized bunch of hamburgers eaters, and that they were lazy and overconfident, and forgot to check the thermal isolation on the wing..."

Brazil can't even get a basic rocket to fly right. You think they stand a chance at building a functional shuttle, capable of re-entry? Pffftttt... Typical Latin bravado. ALL bark, NO bite. Ooops! Yet another evil stereotype that happens to be as true as the day is long.

"...spanish and portuguese explorers came here, and took everything we had... wood, gold, minerals, everything... and a bunch of idiots from england dominated us for centuries robbing our money, and our economical and political independency."

If they were such idiots, how did they manage to dominate you? And Brazilians are mixed-blood. Those idiots you refer to are your blood relatives.

"so, if Brazil and other latin american ( and asian and african ) countries have economical and social dificulties there is only one we can blame : EUROPE."

Boy does that sound familiar. Don't want to take accountability for being fuck-ups, so you just point fingers in any direction other than your own.

Do you really think South America and Africa would be any further ahead now than they were then without European influence? Europe was already MILLENIA ahead of them in science and technology. Without those thieves, your people would still be dying from basic diseases.

"an example : in the 1800s, Paraguay was a GREAT , RICH country. so great and rich that it was threatening England ! so england financed a war and created reasons (remember the US report on Iraq weapons ? ) so Brazil could fight Paraguay. the war that destroied Paraguay and made Brazil forever knee deep in debts ...

And Brazil was too stupid to see this coming? And is still too dense to figure a way out? And begging for money from the IMF doesn't count. You guys are a hair's breadth away from pulling an Argentina. That's strange behavior, from such a capable group of people...

Tal

Space.com
abc.net.au
Telescopes-Astronomy.com - lots of details about suitable telescopes etc.

As an aside, about an earlier event fromThe Universe Today:
A rare astronomical event will occur in May 1999- Mars will be the closest it ever gets, only 52.8 million miles. In addition, the Red Planet is in opposition, which means its face is completely lit up by the Sun. Amateur astronomers will be able to see normally obscure features like the polar caps and canyons.

Honestly, they're 30 years old, we've needed something else for years. They scraped the Venture Star(x-33) program, but that could be revived and give us a cost effective single stage reusable orbital vehicle. If not the venture star why not give the Russians the money we spend on the shuttles(most of NASAs budget) to revive their Buran program. IIRC both the Venture Star and the Buran had an estimated TOC that was something like a magnatude less than the shuttles.

No, you live in a money-centered United States of America. Just because the U.S. is content to stagnate here on earth doesn't mean that others are.

I've got a plastic space shuttle that was one of my more cherished toys when I was 3 (22 years ago).

That's very interesting, especially since the shuttle didn't start flying until 21 years ago.

The story was generated based on several presentations given at the General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union (IAU). The total number of new planets discovered is 10, including the double planet system of twin Saturn-sized planets.

The information was actually released to the various news agencies last week, but was under strict embargo until early this morning.

This brings the total number of extrasolar planets to 50.

Here're the original source links to this story:

• Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search
• Extrasolar Planet Search

And then coverage by news sources around the Internet:

• ABC News
• BBC News
• CNN Space
• Discovery.com
• Fox News
• MSNBC
• Space Chronicle

And of course, my own coverage on Universe Today.
Planet Discoveries Coming Fast and Furious - August 7, 2000

Fraser Cain

It looks like this story was leaked by Nasawatch/SpaceRef or Space.com prematurely. It was supposed to be embargoed until the International Astronomical Union actually made the announcement on Monday. Naughty naughty.

Well, I guess the cat's out of the bag now, so here's a list of all the sites covering the story in addition to Nasawatch/SpaceRef.

The news will get much better on Monday, when all us space news sites can actually post the real story and provide all the details. Stay tuned.

• BBC News
• CNN Space
• Discovery.com
• Space Chronicle

And of course, my own coverage at Universe Today:
Astronomers Discover Nearby Extrasolar Planet - August 4, 2000

Fraser Cain

This story was originally written as an Associate Press article, and all the major space news sites have AP feeds. So, you're likely to see exactly the same coverage anywhere you go.

Right now, everything is just rumour and speculation. In fact, NASA has flatly denied that the Pluto mission is cancelled. This reminds me about the recent discovery "lakes on Mars"... er "liquid water on Mars"... er "evidence that liquid water existed on Mars in the recent geologic past"

As always, here's a comprehensive list of all the coverage I could dig up. I warn you, though, it's all very "similar"... er "identical".

• CNN Space
• Discovery.com
• MSNBC
• Space Chronicle

And of course, my own coverage on Universe Today
NASA Costs Rise Significantly - August 4, 2000

Fraser Cain

Now I think this story is really interesting. Here's a list of Internet coverage about the story:

The research is being done by the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute. Here's their press release on the subject.

To shoot the bugs into space, they used a NASA sounding rocket. Information on the rocket launch facility is located here.

Here are some links to the Discovery.com article, as well as a few others:

• BBC News
  
• CNN Space
  
• Discovery.com
  

And, of course, my own coverage on Universe Today:

• Tough Bugs Ready for Spaceflight - July 26th

Fraser Cain

Now I think this story is really interesting. Here's a list of Internet coverage about the story:

The research is being done by the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute. Here's their press release on the subject.

To shoot the bugs into space, they used a NASA sounding rocket. Information on the rocket launch facility is located here.

Here are some links to the Discovery.com article, as well as a few others:

• BBC News
  
• CNN Space
  
• Discovery.com
  

And, of course, my own coverage on Universe Today:

• Tough Bugs Ready for Spaceflight - July 26th

Fraser Cain

Here's a comprehensive list of Internet resources about this story:

The original Arctic Mars homepage was providing regular updates about the research station, but they stopped around two weeks ago. They still have a lot of background material about the story.

From that point on, current news has been posted to the Mars Society Homepage.

Marc Boucher, CEO of SpaceRef is also the webmaster for the project, so SpaceRef has a tremendous amount of coverage of the project, as well as a live webcam.

In my opinion, though, MSNBC has had the absolutely best coverage, providing stories almost daily; unfortunately, they overwrite the older stories so there's no archive:
July 31 - Mars simulation begins in Arctic

And, of course, my own coverage at Universe Today:

• Arctic Mars Simulation Begins - August 1st
  
• Arctic Mars Habitat Gets a Roof - July 27th
  
• Arctic Mars Construction Begins - July 24th
  
• Mars Society Gives Green Light for Arctic Mars Station - July 20th
  
• Arctic Mars Base Damaged in Parachute Drop - July 11th

Fraser Cain

Here's a comprehensive list of Internet resources about this story:

The original Arctic Mars homepage was providing regular updates about the research station, but they stopped around two weeks ago. They still have a lot of background material about the story.

From that point on, current news has been posted to the Mars Society Homepage.

Marc Boucher, CEO of SpaceRef is also the webmaster for the project, so SpaceRef has a tremendous amount of coverage of the project, as well as a live webcam.

In my opinion, though, MSNBC has had the absolutely best coverage, providing stories almost daily; unfortunately, they overwrite the older stories so there's no archive:
July 31 - Mars simulation begins in Arctic

And, of course, my own coverage at Universe Today:

• Arctic Mars Simulation Begins - August 1st
  
• Arctic Mars Habitat Gets a Roof - July 27th
  
• Arctic Mars Construction Begins - July 24th
  
• Mars Society Gives Green Light for Arctic Mars Station - July 20th
  
• Arctic Mars Base Damaged in Parachute Drop - July 11th

Fraser Cain

Here's a comprehensive list of Internet resources about this story:

The original Arctic Mars homepage was providing regular updates about the research station, but they stopped around two weeks ago. They still have a lot of background material about the story.

From that point on, current news has been posted to the Mars Society Homepage.

Marc Boucher, CEO of SpaceRef is also the webmaster for the project, so SpaceRef has a tremendous amount of coverage of the project, as well as a live webcam.

In my opinion, though, MSNBC has had the absolutely best coverage, providing stories almost daily; unfortunately, they overwrite the older stories so there's no archive:
July 31 - Mars simulation begins in Arctic

And, of course, my own coverage at Universe Today:

• Arctic Mars Simulation Begins - August 1st
  
• Arctic Mars Habitat Gets a Roof - July 27th
  
• Arctic Mars Construction Begins - July 24th
  
• Mars Society Gives Green Light for Arctic Mars Station - July 20th
  
• Arctic Mars Base Damaged in Parachute Drop - July 11th

Fraser Cain

Here's a comprehensive list of Internet resources about this story:

The original Arctic Mars homepage was providing regular updates about the research station, but they stopped around two weeks ago. They still have a lot of background material about the story.

From that point on, current news has been posted to the Mars Society Homepage.

Marc Boucher, CEO of SpaceRef is also the webmaster for the project, so SpaceRef has a tremendous amount of coverage of the project, as well as a live webcam.

In my opinion, though, MSNBC has had the absolutely best coverage, providing stories almost daily; unfortunately, they overwrite the older stories so there's no archive:
July 31 - Mars simulation begins in Arctic

And, of course, my own coverage at Universe Today:

• Arctic Mars Simulation Begins - August 1st
  
• Arctic Mars Habitat Gets a Roof - July 27th
  
• Arctic Mars Construction Begins - July 24th
  
• Mars Society Gives Green Light for Arctic Mars Station - July 20th
  
• Arctic Mars Base Damaged in Parachute Drop - July 11th

Fraser Cain