Slashdot Mirror


Scientists Speed up Light

An anonymous reader writes "With off-the-shelf components, scientists have managed to speed up light beyond the 'universal' constant of c, or roughly 300 million meters/sec. This, and the previous ability to slow light down could shake up the telecom world, according to the story at Science Blog." Also, all those posters with 186,000 miles per second as a speed limit need to be amended. At least entropy is still around!

416 comments

  1. Overhyped as always by trip11 · · Score: 5, Informative

    Everyone say it together with me: "Phase velocity vs Group velocity" There are no photons in this experiment that are traveling faster than the speed of light. Only collections of them that 'appear' to be doing so. Think of this as an example: I space people out in a line, each of them two light minutes apart from the people next in line (all at rest with respect to each other). Now I go about talking to them and informing them of my plan. At 12:00 the first person waves, at 12:01 the second person waves, at 12:02 the third person waves, and so forth. My "wave" is propogating, therefore, at twice the speed of light. This is the same thing that this experiment is doing more or less. By spending extra time setting up the experiment, you can make it appear that a light pulse travels faster than c, but like my "wave" it is only an appearance.

    1. Re:Overhyped as always by Doppler00 · · Score: 1

      The important question we all want to know is does this mean reduced ping times? Seriously though, it takes 100ms or more for a signal to reach half way around the globe. Anything that can speed that up would be much appreciated.

      I read somewhere that entangled photons don't allow faster than light information transfer either. Is there any hope for faster than light information transfer?

    2. Re:Overhyped as always by SmithG · · Score: 2, Funny

      Yes - of course - but does that have any bearing on the use of this technology in transmitting pornography?

    3. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't quite see what you mean.

    4. Re:Overhyped as always by justanyone · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Mod parent UP.

      Information flow (see: Steven Hawking's theories) cannot propogate at faster than the speed of light, or causality is violated and we have (dead virgins/future grandfathers) all over the place.

      All 4 basic forces: electromagnatism, gravity, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear (not Nukular; bite me, George) forces propogate at the speed of light in their reference frame. If we switch frames we're not fooling anyone; if we preposition information we're not watching causality violations.

      This kind of story is quite irritating, not due to the actual achievement involved (playing with light propogation is actually very cool geek-cred stuff), but the overhype and miscommunication to all the laypersons out there who just go, "Yup, that's an 'oops', they said it was a law and now it ain't. I guess evolution might not really be true, dad-gummit, I don't trust me none o' dem smarty pants anyway."

    5. Re:Overhyped as always by justanyone · · Score: 1

      Oops, should have spell checked myself, Sorry, that's "electromagnetism". At least I know when I'm wrong, though. Mostly. If you don't listen to my wife. Mostly.

    6. Re:Overhyped as always by Tablizer · · Score: 2, Funny

      My "wave" is propogating, therefore, at twice the speed of light..... you can make it appear that a light pulse travels faster than c, but like my "wave" it is only an appearance.

      This is what happens when you let marketing into the physics department. As long as the customer believes it.... :-)

    7. Re:Overhyped as always by FFFish · · Score: 1

      Or... correct me if I'm wrong! ...

      Being in a bank lineup, slowly progressing toward the front of the line during the lunch rush hour, you pass a bag of Mentos forward to share. While you (a photon) move slowly, the Mentos move (the information) moves quickly.

      Or like a wave on the ocean: individual water molecules drift in the currents at a slow speed, while the wave moves quite rapidly across the water. Photons versus waveforms.

      --

      --
      Don't like it? Respond with words, not karma.
    8. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      Information transfer *is* what's limited by c. It then *follows* that a particle cannot travel faster than light, but that's a simple case. In general the limit applies to an experiment only if that experiment could be used to transfer information.

    9. Re:Overhyped as always by Raul654 · · Score: 4, Funny

      ...or causality is violated and we have (dead virgins/future grandfathers) all over the place

      "And so the Trekkies were executed in the mannor most befitting virgins - thrown into volcanoes" - Futurama

      I never realized there might be a corollation!

      --


      To make laws that man cannot, and will not obey, serves to bring all law into contempt.
      --E.C. Stanton
    10. Re:Overhyped as always by lgw · · Score: 5, Informative

      There are some experiments in which photons are travelling faster than "the speed of light", because c is defined in a vacuum, and a vacuum is not the lowest impedance available.

      Even in a vacuum, light doesn't travel as photons for the entire journey (at least, if you believe in quantum). Light spends some of its time as electron-positron pairs which exist very briefly, before annihilating to product a new photon. As the electron-positron pair travels slower than the speed of light, light in a vacuum (which is how we've defined c) travels slighty slower that the speed of a photon.

      When you shine a light between very closely spaced conductive plates, that reduces the available "wavelengths" of the electron-positron pairs (I don't like that terminaology, but it makes the temporary electron-positron pairs less likely to occur), so the light spends more time as photons. Therefore light is travelling faster than "the speed of light".

      But not really, it's just that c is standardized on the wrong empirical constant. What you care about is the speed of photons, not the speed of light in a vacuum.

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    11. Re:Overhyped as always by exp(pi*sqrt(163)) · · Score: 5, Informative

      Don't explain it. Show it!

      --
      Doesn't it make you feel good to know that our freedoms are protected by politicans, lawyers and journalists.
    12. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Neither your response nor the original article gave me enough information to conclude what you or the article suggested were true.

      Most of the message appeared to be written before I read it, but I'm not certain of that.

    13. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That reminds me of something I've always wondered about. Could you make information travel faster than the speed of light if you could fabricate a material with a Poisson ratio such that its incompressibility required a local speed of sound greater than that of light?

    14. Re:Overhyped as always by conJunk · · Score: 1

      Many thanks- as someone who doesn't know much about physics other than what I can get from books like In Search of Schroedinger's Cat, it's always really cool to see something explained clearly and cleverly.

      My main question the article didn't answer was "how does the process work?", and you've not only shed light on the Stimulated Brillouin Scattering, but done so in a way that accessible to me, a non-physics person.

      thanks!

    15. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      What else would you expect but a sensationalist headline?

      This is slashdot, after all.

    16. Re:Overhyped as always by Tango42 · · Score: 1

      Yes, just the other way round... ish.

    17. Re:Overhyped as always by Tango42 · · Score: 1

      But the calculated value of c (which is far more useful than the measured one, as it's exact [if you use units which make all the other constants exact values, anyway]) is the speed of photons, rather than light in a vacuum, isn't it?

      Talking of quantum effects on light - i much prefer the fact that a sheet of lead speeds up light. It's because the only light reaching the detector is light that's tunneled through the lead (like electron tunnelling, but with photons), and therefore hasn't travelled as far.

    18. Re:Overhyped as always by alexhohio · · Score: 0

      Dude- why the politics in your post? Karma whoring? Look, we have clicked through to your site: You are a very unnatractive man, and that is likely why you are mad at the world.
      Calm down bud- all is not lost! You are unattractive, so what? Do you also have bad breath?

      --
      Almost every Harvard student was High School Valedictorian- After a year of college, half are in the bottom of the class
    19. Re:Overhyped as always by sunwolf · · Score: 1
      Information flow cannot propogate at faster than the speed of light, or causality is violated and we have (dead virgins/future grandfathers) all over the place.
      How long has /. been around, now? 8 years? I'm pretty sure there've been some dead virgins by now.
    20. Re:Overhyped as always by sabernet · · Score: 2, Funny

      To allow faster space travel, scientisis increased the speed of light in 2208. Duh;)

    21. Re:Overhyped as always by williamyf · · Score: 1

      Mod parent UP.

                From the Article Itself:

                " And even though this seems to violate all sorts of cherished physical assumptions, Einstein needn't move over - relativity isn't called into question, because only a portion of the signal is affected."

                Of course, the article is written for layman, not Engineers/techs/sciencists.

                What one has to do is to go to your local library, get the issue of applkyed physics in question and RTFA.

                Ive done that several times with slashdot articles. "Altruistic punishment in humans" comes to mind, just because I used it over and over in my (so far short) managerial career (yes, I am an engineer turned over the dark side).

      --
      *** Suerte a todos y Feliz dia!
    22. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny
      (not Nukular; bite me, George)

      Rock on! Way to stick it to the man!

      You really showed that son of a bitch a thing or two.

      The only way we're ever going to fix this country is to randomly bring up a cliche point about the current president in the middle of scientiffic discussions.

    23. Re:Overhyped as always by fsterman · · Score: 1

      ...or causality is violated and we have (dead virgins/future grandfathers) all over the place "And so the Trekkies were executed in the mannor most befitting virgins - thrown into volcanoes" - Futurama I never realized there might be a corollation! So, this involves throwing waving vigin trekkies waiting in line to be thrown into volcanoes to go faster than light?

      --
      Is there anything better than clicking through Microsoft ads on Slashdot?
    24. Re:Overhyped as always by VENONA · · Score: 1

      Phase velocities > c have been known for years. In fact, it used to be standard content in electronics courses related to waveguide technologies. Probably for its woooo-factor.

      A quick google reveals a nice discussion at http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/D.Jefferies/wg uide.html

      The relevant bits:

      Group and phase velocity.
      The energy and the modulations on the microwave signal going down the waveguide both travel at the "group velocity" c*cos(alpha) which is necessarily less than the velocity of light c. The pattern however travels at the "phase velocity" c/cos(alpha) which is necessarily greater than the velocity of light. The product of (group velocity)*(phase velocity) = c^2.

      --
      What you do with a computer does not constitute the whole of computing.
    25. Re:Overhyped as always by cahiha · · Score: 2, Funny

      Everyone say it together with me: "Phase velocity vs Group velocity" There are no photons in this experiment that are traveling faster than the speed of light.

      That does seem like the most likley explanation, but if it is, why is this being hyped in the press? We have had experiments showing FTL phase velocity for decades, and they are useless for information transmission.

    26. Re:Overhyped as always by zippthorne · · Score: 1

      photons are more like a "packet" of those wave forms. They are most decidedly NOT the underlying medium of vibration. What you are describing is the aether. Read about the michelson-morley experiment for more information.

      --
      Can you be Even More Awesome?!
    27. Re:Overhyped as always by cahiha · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Information flow (see: Steven Hawking's theories) cannot propogate at faster than the speed of light, or causality is violated and we have (dead virgins/future grandfathers) all over the place.

      Hawking didn't come up with that idea; why are you giving him credit for it?

      All 4 basic forces: electromagnatism, gravity, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear (not Nukular; bite me, George) forces propogate at the speed of light in their reference frame.

      That has only been demonstrated for electromagnetism; for the other forces, it's a hypothesis.

    28. Re:Overhyped as always by Bingo+Foo · · Score: 1
      we have clicked through to your site...

      He's apparently also mad that 1996 ever happened. What's with that stylesheet?

      --
      taken! (by Davidleeroth) Thanks Bingo Foo!
    29. Re:Overhyped as always by zecg · · Score: 1

      All 4 basic forces: electromagnatism, gravity, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear (not Nukular; bite me, George) forces propogate at the speed of light in their reference frame.

      It's nice to see people propogate proper spelling.

      --
      .i lu doi ringos.star. xu do puku'aroroi dunli dopecaku leni virnu li'u
    30. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The ad hominem attack: the final recourse for a lost cause.

    31. Re:Overhyped as always by Brandybuck · · Score: 4, Funny

      Gee, too bad. Sort of spoils that whole parenthetical political statement, doesn't it?

      --
      Don't blame me, I didn't vote for either of them!
    32. Re:Overhyped as always by MouseR · · Score: 1

      Just to be a smart ass:

      The first person waves at 12:02.
      The second at 12:04 :D

      Unless you have an observer next to every person with a stopwatch. And then you still have to wait a few years for them to return you the results.

      (BTW, the third person didn't wave. He was sick of waiting for the signal.)

    33. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Use of words not usually found in general usage to appear intelligent is the final recourse for a pseudo intellectual.

    34. Re:Overhyped as always by alexhohio · · Score: 0

      wait- are you refering to the post attacking GWB's pronounciation and Christians being dumb?

      --
      Almost every Harvard student was High School Valedictorian- After a year of college, half are in the bottom of the class
    35. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You are a very unnatractive man, and that is likely why you are mad at the world.
      Calm down bud- all is not lost! You are unattractive, so what?


      dude, are you gay? anyway i'd like to add wtf is up with this guy's nose? Did it get bitten off or something? jfc.

    36. Re:Overhyped as always by david_bandel · · Score: 1

      right.. you obviously missed the point of the example. let's just say that all the people KNOW when they are supposed to wave. they don't wave in response to someone else waving. get it now?

    37. Re:Overhyped as always by MillionthMonkey · · Score: 4, Funny

      The important question we all want to know is does this mean reduced ping times?

      Sure. Just get together with your friends around the world and prearrange a ping to happen at exactly midnight GMT everywhere. You can get your ping to go infinitely fast if you do that (in terms of phase velocity) and CowboyNeal will write up a story about how you've shattered the speed of light and shaken up the telecom world.

    38. Re:Overhyped as always by feranick · · Score: 1

      Quote:
      "Information flow (see: Steven Hawking's theories) cannot propogate at faster than the speed of light, ..."

      It's not in the actual Hawking's theories. It's Einstein's. 100 years ago (1905)... Because of it, this year is the World Year of Physics. Giving the scarce knowledge of Physics in the experiment done, I wonder if those people should take again itroductory Physics. Too much Star Trek, to little electromagnetism. Scary, very scary.

    39. Re:Overhyped as always by Guppy06 · · Score: 1

      "or causality is violated"

      So far, the only thing saying that causality can't be violated is the apparent lack of tachyons. Other than that, causality can be wrong, it's just that means there's no such thing as free will.

    40. Re:Overhyped as always by Iffy+Bonzoolie · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      I wouldn't normally be that guy who corrects people, BUT If you are going to make that your *SIG*, you should note that "mannor" should be "manner." "Mannor" isn't actually a word.

      -If

      --
      Run a pencil-and-paper RPG campaign with your far-off friends: Gametable!
    41. Re:Overhyped as always by GuyWithLag · · Score: 2, Interesting

      That gives us a very interesting insight on the computational infrastructure of the universe: Information is the first-order concept, particles and fields (arguably, the same thing) are higher-order constructs.

      Interesting, very interesting....

    42. Re:Overhyped as always by smokin_juan · · Score: 1

      Ok, so you can't speed up a ping by moving electrons or photons faster, but can you speed it up by putting two or three bits of information where there used to be one? How big is your ping packet? I didn't RTFA but it seems that methods like these are what smarter folk are using to compress information. Am I right or should I RTFA?

    43. Re:Overhyped as always by b0r0din · · Score: 1

      Let's not also forget that Fry was, after all, his own grandfather.

    44. Re:Overhyped as always by ultranova · · Score: 1

      So far, the only thing saying that causality can't be violated is the apparent lack of tachyons.

      So far the only thing saying that causality can't be violated is the apparent lack of any documented cases of causality being violated.

      Even if someone proves that there is no tachyons, it doesn't mean that causality suddenly becomes absolutely proven.

      Other than that, causality can be wrong, it's just that means there's no such thing as free will.

      Um, how does a causality violation force me to do anything ? Or is that the causality violation itself - "There's tachyons, so I must jump on one foot without any reason" ?-)

      --

      Forget magic. Any technology distinguishable from divine power is insufficiently advanced.

    45. Re:Overhyped as always by try_anything · · Score: 2, Insightful

      This is why I skip to the comments when an article sounds too good to be true. Thanks for saving me five minutes.

    46. Re:Overhyped as always by Guppy06 · · Score: 1

      "Um, how does a causality violation force me to do anything ?"

      Because when you start talking about communicating faster than speed of light in special relativity, there is no reason for "cause" to precede (let alone bring about) "effect."

      ""There's tachyons, so I must jump on one foot without any reason""

      Are you jumping on one foot because you want to, or do you want to because you're jumping on one foot? It is not that free will is "violated" without causality, it is that free will is an illusion. You're jumping on one foot, you only think it's because you want to, but with tachyons in special relativity I can proove that you started jumping before you thought about jumping.

      Even limiting ourselves to tardyons, we can already demonstrate that there is no such thing as "simultaneous," because where A and B happen "simultaneously" for one observer, A precedes B for another, and both are equally valid and equally true. With tachnyons thrown into the mix, B can precede A, and that too would be just as true as A preceding B, so you can never say "A caused B "without having an equal case for "B caused A"

    47. Re:Overhyped as always by JakusMinimus · · Score: 1

      ping measures end to end latency, not throughput

      --

      You can be an atheist and still not want to succumb to some weird cross-over sheep disease -- AC
    48. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Just get together with your friends around the world and prearrange a ping to happen at exactly midnight GMT everywhere.
      From whose frame of reference?
    49. Re:Overhyped as always by ashayh · · Score: 1

      This kind of story is quite irritating, not due to the actual achievement involved (playing with light propogation is actually very cool geek-cred stuff), but the overhype and miscommunication to all the laypersons out there who just go, "Yup, that's an 'oops', they said it was a law and now it ain't. I guess evolution might not really be true, dad-gummit,

      So true: if you listen some of those creationist kooks, they will frequently mention that the reason Adam saw stars in the sky instantly and the reason we perceive galaxies to be millions of light years away is because the speed of light was different then !

    50. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What kind of jerk saddles his kid with the name atticus? Man, thats just mean.

    51. Re:Overhyped as always by Snaller · · Score: 1

      But if light appears to arrive early, then it does - and that's all that matters.

      --
      If Google really cared they would fix Android Chrome to reflow text, instead of discriminating
    52. Re:Overhyped as always by cranktheguy · · Score: 1

      From a point of reference equidistant to them all, such as the center of earth.

      --
      yeah, that's about it
    53. Re:Overhyped as always by ultranova · · Score: 1

      "Um, how does a causality violation force me to do anything ?"

      Because when you start talking about communicating faster than speed of light in special relativity, there is no reason for "cause" to precede (let alone bring about) "effect."

      If "cause" doesn't bring about "effect", then it was not the cause, since cause is by definition the thing that brought about the effect. Therefore, the concept of cause that doesn't bring about effect is nonsensical.

      On the other hand, if you are merely talking about effect preceding cause, then does that affect free will in any way ? What's to say that action cannot precede decision ? Why would the temporal order of the two be crucial to free will ?

      Are you jumping on one foot because you want to, or do you want to because you're jumping on one foot? It is not that free will is "violated" without causality, it is that free will is an illusion. You're jumping on one foot, you only think it's because you want to, but with tachyons in special relativity I can proove that you started jumping before you thought about jumping.

      And I can prove that I thought about jumping before I began jumping. And, as you said below, my observations are equally valid than yours.

      Besides, if effect can precede cause, then my jumping may still be caused by my decision to start jumping, even if I started jumping before I thought about jumping - the effect just happened to precede the cause.

      Even limiting ourselves to tardyons, we can already demonstrate that there is no such thing as "simultaneous," because where A and B happen "simultaneously" for one observer, A precedes B for another, and both are equally valid and equally true.

      Um, if two things happen simultaneously from my frame of reference, and my observations are equally valid and true than anyone else's observations, then obviously there is such a thing than "simultaneous". I just saw it myself, and my observations are valid and true.

      With tachnyons thrown into the mix, B can precede A, and that too would be just as true as A preceding B, so you can never say "A caused B "without having an equal case for "B caused A"

      So you can never say "you jumping caused you to think jumping" without me being able to say "me thinking about jumping caused me to start jumping".

      I think you should either think this through more thoroughly, or express yourself more clearly, since right now you've only managed to say that different observers may disagree on the order of events, and that faster-than-light communication may make some observer observe the effect before the cause, without showing any reason why "free will" would suddenly become an illusion.

      --

      Forget magic. Any technology distinguishable from divine power is insufficiently advanced.

    54. Re:Overhyped as always by stevelinton · · Score: 1

      All 4 basic forces: electromagnatism, gravity, strong nuclear, and weak forces propogate at the speed of light in their reference frame.

      I don't think so. EM does, because the carrier particle for the force is massless (the photon). Gravity does, in so far as the question is meaningful (which it may not be because gravity bends space-time, making the questions of how far it went and how long it took both rather hard). For the others, though, the carrier particles (W and Z bosons and gluons) have mass, so I would expect the forces to propagate at less than the speed of light. If not, I'd be interested to hear why?

        Steve

    55. Re:Overhyped as always by LionMan · · Score: 3, Informative

      Other posters have already stated this:
      information can not travel faster than the speed of light.
      The fact that phase velocity can be faster than c, as this article points out (which has been known for a long time! read about anomolous dispersion. we've known about that for a long time now.) can _not_ improve telecom by speeding up information transfer. Advanced techniques (better fiber optics, optical routers, etc) which still abide by the c speed limit are the only way to reduce your ping time.
      Anyway, the current bottleneck is not the fiber part of telecom. The optical-electronic interface and the electronic switching is the real culprit. Once optical switching and routing is prevalent, then more technology spent on optics will really pay off.

      --
      -Leo
    56. Re:Overhyped as always by Fyre2012 · · Score: 0

      (Disclaimer: I am not a network engineer)
      but i am curious...
      Of that 100ms it takes for a signal to reach half way around the world, how much of that time is it actually passing through an optical fiber? (and thus at the speed of light)

      I'm sure bottlenecks can be found elsewhere that we can optomize without having to find a way to accellerate a photon to any factor greater than c to lower our ping times.

      Also, if we managed to find a way to truely accellerate light greater than c, ping times will probably be the least of our concerns with regards to the technology's potential uses.

      --
      This is not the greatest .sig in the world, no. This is just a tribute.
    57. Re:Overhyped as always by Travoltus · · Score: 1

      Ok, Adonis, where's your picture and all the hot ladies you've got swarming your doorstep? When you can't refute what he said, you gotta attack his looks, I suppose.

      --
      --- Grow a pair, liberals... stop letting the Republicans bully you!
    58. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      He's got a kid. That means some woman found him attractive. Who finds you attractive? Who would wanna have kids by you?

    59. Re:Overhyped as always by Princeofcups · · Score: 1

      > Hawking didn't come up with that idea; why are you giving him credit for it?

      Didn't you know that all physics was devised by Newton, Einstein, or Hawkings. No one else involved. No siree.

      jfs

      --
      The only thing worse than a Democrat is a Republican.
    60. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, not really. After all, a simple typo is quite different from a habitual mispronunciation based on ignorance and obstinance.

    61. Re:Overhyped as always by frisket · · Score: 1
      > ...(not Nukular; bite me, George) forces propogate at the speed of light...

      Propagate, even?

      Slow light is just a mercury delay-line made of light...

    62. Re:Overhyped as always by gewalker · · Score: 1
      Hate to rain on your creationist bashing parade, but there is definitetly credible scientific evidence that the the speed of light is not constant.

      Here are a few references. here, here
      , and here

      Note that these are all recent references, having nothing to do with Sutterfield's analysis that is sometimes used by creationists.

      The data is not conclusive, but it is unwise to be too attached to scientific theories that happen to be considered "proven". Not enough evidence yet to consider C=Constant false perhaps, but several scientists are concluding this as most likely based on several different kinds of observations.

      Even something apparently simple as graviton exchange can result in experimental observation that the orbit of planets around the sun would decay if gravitons are limited to C. From experimental observations of the planets and the lack of decay. Here is an article that suggest gravitons must be at least 2E10 times C. This is the reason that gravity is typically described as a warping of space, though graviton particle exchange makes more sense in other contexts.

      BTW, from what I have been able to see, none of the modern science for C!=constant helps the creationists.

    63. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Question: Is the increase in the speed of light with plates like that merely theoretical, or also experimentally verified? If the latter, could you provide a link or somesuch?

    64. Re:Overhyped as always by novakyu · · Score: 0, Flamebait
      Even in a vacuum, light doesn't travel as photons for the entire journey (at least, if you believe in quantum). Light spends some of its time as electron-positron pairs which exist very briefly, before annihilating to product a new photon. As the electron-positron pair travels slower than the speed of light, light in a vacuum (which is how we've defined c) travels slighty slower that the speed of a photon.

      I don't know what you are smoking, but what you are saying is just wrong. Most photons you see doesn't have enough energy for electron-positron pair production, not to mention that electron-positron pair production requires another heavy particle to dump momentum to. (You need photon of energy greater than about 1 MeV (gamma rays, and, egh, I don't care to look up the exact value now, but you can get it by multiplying the mass of electron by 2 and converting it to a unit of energy) and another massive particle that the photon can bounce off, since there is no way to go from photon -> electron + positron and simultaneously conserve energy and momentum.)

      If you are talking virtual particles, that's an entirely different matter, (and a matter that I feel unqualified to comment on), but wouldn't you think that there is a reason those are called virtual particles? Go learn some science before you talk science. Semi-pseudoscientific use of terms like "quantum" impresses nobody.

      P.S. Where did you pull this out of? Your ass? I would imagine current accepted value of c is based on speed of light produced from a laser, which is "coherent". One of the things that says is... the photon that exited the laser is the _same_ photon that enters the detector, not something produced in pair annihilation, which would have a random phase. I only praise /. that you managed to get modded up that far.

    65. Re:Overhyped as always by le+finq · · Score: 1

      The speed of photons in a vacuum IS the speed of light. According to special relativity, it is the maximum speed at which particles can propagate. A consequence of special relativity is that time stops for a frame of reference traveling at c. To the best of my knowledge, there are a few quantum experiments that appear to contradict c as the universe's speed limit. However, it is NOT due to particles propagating at >c; instead, it has to do with transfer of information at speeds greater than the speed of light. The first contradiction is the Pauli Exclusion Principle. When an electron in an orbital changes spin, the other electron in the orbital instantaneously changes its spin to conform to the rule (no two electrons with the same quantum numbers can exist in one orbital). This is in direct violation of special relativity. The second is an actual experiment, where a "pair" of particles (electrons, I think) go off in opposite directions. A magnet changes one of the electron's spin value midflight, and the spins od the two particles are recorded. They are always opposite. Thus, the electron "transfers" information to its paired electron instantaneously to its partner, regardless of spatial distances.

    66. Re:Overhyped as always by bunratty · · Score: 3, Insightful
      Information transfer *is* what's limited by c.
      That may be what our most current theories say, but theories can always be wrong. We actually don't know if there's an absolute speed limit on information transfer. Remember, science can never absolutely prove any fact about the real world, only come up with models that attempt to describe the phenomena we've seen so far.
      --
      What a fool believes, he sees, no wise man has the power to reason away.
    67. Re:Overhyped as always by Chrispy1000000+the+2 · · Score: 1

      And of course, the sarcasm is lost on the slashdot moderators...

      --
      Sig
    68. Re:Overhyped as always by jc42 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      My favorite cosmology has long been the one in which every particle in this universe is a data structure inside a computer in the real universe. That computer is running the simulation that is our universe.

      In this model, the basic unit of our reality is a bit of memory in the real universe. Elementary particles are a second-order concept, a data structure made of a collection of bits. Time itself is quantized, and the quantum is the time it takes the real computer to calculate the "next" state of all the particles in our universe.

      It can be fun to argue this cosmology. But it has gotten somewhat less fun since the Matrix movies came out. It's no longer such a radical concept.

      In such a universe, miracles are easy to explain. Something has gone wrong, so the simulation is stopped and restored from backup. A bit of editing is done, and the simulation is restarted.

      Maybe this is what the Intelligent Design people are really talking about ...

      --
      Those who do study history are doomed to stand helplessly by while everyone else repeats it.
    69. Re:Overhyped as always by lgw · · Score: 1

      Ahhh, the polite refined scientific discussion one expercts on slashdot. How I cherish it. You do encourage me to make an important clarification.

      As you say (and my mistake), for visible-wavelength light, the "spontaneous" transition to virtual electron-positron pairs isn't an issue, it's the interaction with "spontaneous" virtual electron-positron pairs spawned from vacuum fluctuation that gives empty space an impedance greater than 0. As parallel conductive plates are brought closer together, the Casimir effect reduces the energy density of the vacuum, bringing its (incredibly small) impedance closer to 0.

      BTW, the line "if you believe in quantum" is a joke from the one of the most popular series of fantasy books (though I suspect the Potter books have edged out the Discworld books for second place by now). If you were a geek, or at least had a sense of humor, you might spot the presence of a joke. Unless perhaps it was a virtual joke.

      Mrs. Schroedinger to Mr. Schroedinger: What the hell did you do to the cat? It looks half dead!

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    70. Re:Overhyped as always by thogard · · Score: 1

      Gravity can't be >2e10 c since the eclipse pendulum experiments show odd things happening in sync with light (when anything is observed at all).

    71. Re:Overhyped as always by thebobster · · Score: 1

      Better yet, an experiment you can actually do. Take your laser pointer and sweep it across the sky when the moon's out. That dot moves across the surface of the moon at well over the speed of light. Voila, you've actually caused something to move faster than c.

      (I started doing this in March 2059 and I've been doing it ever since with no ill effects.)

    72. Re:Overhyped as always by lgw · · Score: 1

      There's a Wikipedia article on the Casimir effect, if you want a nice summary. The principle effect it to create a vacuum "stronger" than a normal vacuum between two charged plates (which might informally be called a quantum vacuum, to further abuse that word), and this effect has been measured. AFAIK, the speed of light increase hasn't been measured (and I'm not sure how it could be), but it's expected to be (about) one part in 10^24 higher for plates spaced 1 nanometer apert.

      Not useful practically, but interesting nevertheless, and amusing as it limits the precision of the definition of the meter (not that we could measure the second to 24 significant digits anyway).

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    73. Re:Overhyped as always by sydres · · Score: 1

      even einstein speculated on "information free" faster than light particle speeds. Since it would be information free we would never know it anyway

    74. Re:Overhyped as always by lgw · · Score: 1

      There isn't a "calulated value of c", it can only be measured. The speed is actually known exactly in units of meters and seconds, as the meter is *defined* as exactly exactly 299 792 458 m/s in a vacuum. Measurement of the speed of light therefore tells us the length of the meter, technically.

      It would be better to define the speed of light in terms of "0 impedance" and not "a vacuum", but it's close enough.

      I wonder if the tunneling you describe is just one more example of phase speed vs group speed, or if it's actually negative impedance (whatever that means).

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    75. Re:Overhyped as always by DavidTC · · Score: 1
      There's no reason that the amount of time required to calculate the next step of the universe would have anything to with the amount of time passing in such a virtual universe.

      And 'elementary particles' don't exist, or have you missed the last 100 years of quantum physics? Everything acts like a probability wave until you get to a certain level of interaction. Or you can say that as 'Everything is a probablity wave, but past a certain size there only is one thing possible, which it has 100% odds of being.'.

      Arguing that the 'real things' in our universe are things simulated on a computer is silly, because there are no 'real things' in our universe to start with. It's just a whole mishmash of energy levels and probabilities that looks like real things to us giants.

      --
      If corporations are people, aren't stockholders guilty of slavery?
    76. Re:Overhyped as always by Doppler00 · · Score: 1

      Most of the time actually is from the light passing through a fiber. Routers have become so efficient that it typically takes less than 5ms for a packet to pass through a router.

      Let's take a hypothetical signal that goes half way around the Earth. If you take the circumference of the earth 40,075,160 m, divide by two and divide by the speed of light 299,792,458 m / s and then multiply by two (for a round trip) you get 0.1337 seconds. Of course, this is the fastest a signal can go half way around the Earth and back.

      Since the light does not travel in a vacuum through the fibers, it is probably a few % less than the speed of light. With the route not exactly straight probably adds a few more percentage points. Overall let's just say about 0.2 seconds is probably the fastest you can get.

      This isn't fast enough for things like online gaming. Activities like video conferencing and voice communications are awkward. Any technology that could break this barrier would be quite useful.

    77. Re:Overhyped as always by lgw · · Score: 1

      Grrr, vacuum impedance isn't 0, of course, pardon my brain fart. But it's still interesting to speculate on whether the tunneling you describe creates impedance lower than vacuum.

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    78. Re:Overhyped as always by lgw · · Score: 1

      OK, now you *do* have me spouting BS. :) The impedance of vacuum isn't anywhere near 0, or the speed of light would be infinite, of course. I mean to say that the impedance in a Casimir cavity is very slightly lower than the 376.73-and-a-bit ohms characteristic of vacuum.

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    79. Re:Overhyped as always by Mycroft_VIII · · Score: 1

      Actually it's based on trying to sound 'folksy' or 'like the guy next door'. Saw some old footage of him the other day, very early in his political carrer where his pronounciation was of nuclear was correct and the rest of his diction matched his ivy league education.
          It's all showmanship.

      Mycroft

      --
      https://signup.leagueoflegends.com/?ref=4c3ed6600b6ea
    80. Re:Overhyped as always by Fyre2012 · · Score: 0

      Thank you, that was very informative.
      tho I'm still laughing at the result of that equation, however, .1337 seconds!

      --
      This is not the greatest .sig in the world, no. This is just a tribute.
    81. Re:Overhyped as always by barawn · · Score: 1

      All 4 basic forces: electromagnatism, gravity, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear (not Nukular; bite me, George) forces propogate at the speed of light in their reference frame

      Electromagnetic and gravity (most likely) propagate at the speed of light, because their carrier particles (photons and gravitons respectively) are massless.

      By "propogation speed" you really mean "what's the mass of the channel particle when you've got a really low-momentum transfer (far distance)"? For electromagnetic and gravity, the channel particle is on-mass shell, and is massless, so the connection between the two points is lightlike.

      The strong nuclear force, however, gets stronger at large distances. So the carrier particles (gluons) move farther and farther off mass-shell: so the strong nuclear force does not propagate at the speed of light over distances much more than the size of a proton! Even over the size of the nucleus, the mediating particles are virtual pions (the residual strong interaction), which do have mass.

      The weak nuclear force is mediated completely by the W, which is massive. It will not propagate at the speed of light over distances where the W's mass is significant.

      It's better to think, in colloquial terms, as the interactions having a range , not a speed. Electromagnetic and gravity both have an infinite range. The strong and weak nuclear both have a range about the size of a proton.

      This is an important distinction - you can communicate with both the electromagnetic force and gravity, but not with the strong or weak nuclear force. Thus, speaking about "speeds" for them is quite wrong.

    82. Re:Overhyped as always by barawn · · Score: 1

      That has only been demonstrated for electromagnetism; for the other forces, it's a hypothesis.

      Nah. For gravity, it's (kindof) been measured. It looks like it's the speed of light. Kinda. There are a couple caveats there. But it (kinda) was measured.

      For strong and weak nuclear, they don't propagate at all (much more than a femtometer). The weak nuclear force is mediated by a massive boson, anyway, so it won't propagate at the speed of light at all.

    83. Re:Overhyped as always by arodland · · Score: 1

      Then we'll arrange a road trip in our newly modded "hybrid" vehicles with massive piles of batteries, and achieve "infinite miles per gallon." A couple of days after slashdot picked up that story, CNN was running it, with the same absolutely stupid non-explanation. I don't know whether that makes me feel good or bad.

    84. Re:Overhyped as always by barawn · · Score: 1

      Gravity propagates at the speed of light - we think. It's kinda been measured. The question's meaningful because gravity waves will propagate at the speed of gravity, just like electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light.

      Gluons do not have mass. But the strong nuclear force has an opposite distance dependence as the others - it gets stronger as you get farther away. So after a short distance (say, 1 fm), the potential energy becomes enough that pions are formed, and so at distances greater than that, it's mediated by pions, which do have mass.

      For forces mediated by massive particles, they don't propagate much at all - basically, they don't propagate more than the distance equivalent to the mass of the massive particle. So the weak doesn't propagate more than the size of a baryon (much less, actually) and the strong doesn't propagate more than the size of a nucleus.

    85. Re:Overhyped as always by soft_guy · · Score: 1

      I sure hope there's a memory leak so that the programmer who malloc()'ed us doesn't free() us.

      --
      Avoid Missing Ball for High Score
    86. Re:Overhyped as always by 51mon · · Score: 1

      I don't believe there are any experiments showing information transfer >C (speed of photons in a vacuum), except possibly as the thread discusses over very short distances where the impedance is less than that of the vacuum of space.

      Pair spin experiments can not transmit information (in the sense of sending an email) unless it has moved on since I studied quantum mechanics (which is possible).

      Information transmission >C permits all sorts of paradoxes to arise if our current understanding of space and time is even vaguely close to right, so finding such would be major news in Physics.

    87. Re:Overhyped as always by DavidTC · · Score: 1
      I wish that someday people wouldn't debate 'free will' like it actually means something everytime time travel is mentioned.

      Free will has absolutely nothing to do with event following cause. It has absolutely nothing to do with physics at all, because it's a made-up concept. It's philosophical.

      If you want to assert that something outside this reality, or inside this reality but not part of your measurable body, is controlling 'you', fine. Whatever.

      However, trying to make up weird rules about how it's affected by time travel is just absurd when you can't even agree on what you're talking about, and don't actually have any reason to think it exists.

      People who argue about how they 'could' do something else, and thus foreknowledge of their actions is impossible, need to seriously think about, you know, the past, which we also know about and where they 'could' have done something else but didn't.

      You want to fight something, don't fight hypothetical time travel, go and fight about the supposedly 'immutable' past, and leave everyone who doesn't have a weird fixation on what they 'choose' to do alone. We know that if we were facing situtations that we faced before with exactly the same knowledge, if we were reliving a moment of history, we'd do exactly the same thing, because that's what we did the first time. Duh.

      Only crazy people think otherwise. Until these people can alter their own past decisions with the 'fact' they could have done something else, they don't really belong in the discussion at all, as they are crazy.

      --
      If corporations are people, aren't stockholders guilty of slavery?
    88. Re:Overhyped as always by DavidTC · · Score: 1
      There are no 'gravitons', we're pretty sure. Gravity shows no quantum effects at the scale you'd expect them if it was made of particles.

      Of course, they might exist, and somehow not be quantum particles, but I think the whole 'distortion of space' is a better idea than inventing some new class of particles that we have no idea of how they could exist.

      And it's not 'creationism' per se, it's the 'young earth' thing that asserts the universe is only 6011 years old or whatever, counting from Adam. This is obviously inane and disprovable if you look at the Milky Way, unless God created the stars and then a bunch of light halfway to earth. (Or maybe just the light. Why bother making other galaxies? Just make the light from them, no one will ever know.)

      Which, hey, is possible, but very goofy of God.

      So the young earth people instead assert that the speed of light was VERY fast at one time. (And that some of the very very far things are not actually that far.) I mean incredibly fast, like a billion times faster.

      Of course, none of them have ever explained where all that energy went. Or how the EM spectrum managed to stay pretty much intact throughout that. Remember, humans living on earth the entire time. No huge blasts of radiation sterilizing the earth, which is what I suspect would happen to starlight, much less sunlight, if you cut the speed of light by that much that fast.

      --
      If corporations are people, aren't stockholders guilty of slavery?
    89. Re:Overhyped as always by Guppy06 · · Score: 1
      "If "cause" doesn't bring about "effect", then it was not the cause, since cause is by definition the thing that brought about the effect. Therefore, the concept of cause that doesn't bring about effect is nonsensical."

      That's why I put "cause" and "effect" into quotation marks. Without causality, anything and everything in the universe "just happens," with no causes and no effects.

      "On the other hand, if you are merely talking about effect preceding cause, then does that affect free will in any way ? What's to say that action cannot precede decision ?"

      If action precedes "decision," was a decision actually made? If action precedes thought, then obviously you cannot decide not to act.

      Unless decision, in all valid frames of reference, can be shown to be before (or at least coinciding with) action, then it cannot be argued that action was taken because of your decision. All that can be said definitively is that A and B happened, and any attempt to say one caused the other will be cancelled out by an equally valid argument in the opposite direction. Preferring the tardyon interpretation would then be little more than an act of faith, faith that you are in control of your own body instead of a passenger pretending to be in control.

      "And I can prove that I thought about jumping before I began jumping. And, as you said below, my observations are equally valid than yours."

      And by taking both valid views into consideration, all that can be said is "I thought" and "I jumped on one foot." You cannot say "I jumped because I thought" because thought did not precede jumping in all frames of reference. If jumping happens first, you can't decide not to jump.

      "Why would the temporal order of the two be crucial to free will ?"

      If action precedes decision, could you decide not to act? In order for action to precede thought, the future must be as immutible as the past, allowing no room for alteration through free will.

      "Besides, if effect can precede cause"

      It cannot. You render "cause" and "effect" meaningless if that happens.

      "then my jumping may still be caused by my decision to start jumping, even if I started jumping before I thought about jumping"

      You're making an assumption that you would be agreeing with your future self. You may be free to agree, but you're not free to disagree or change your mind. If you start jumping before the thought that "caused" it, you are locked in an inescapable fate until you have that thought (and you must have that thought).

      "Um, if two things happen simultaneously from my frame of reference, and my observations are equally valid and true than anyone else's observations, then obviously there is such a thing than "simultaneous". I just saw it myself, and my observations are valid and true."

      But the concept of simultaneous loses meaning since it is no longer true for all observers.

      "and that faster-than-light communication may make some observer observe the effect before the cause, "

      It is not merely an observation. The tardyon interpretation of events is no better and no worse than the tachyon interpretation. Both accounts must be considered when interpreting the true nature of reality, and considering both eliminates the causality arguments of each.

      Consider this paradox. There are three ways to get out of it:
      1. Special Relativity is wrong to some extent (no SR)
      2. Tachyons cannot exist (no FTL)
      3. The shooters are not free to act in such a way (no free will)
    90. Re:Overhyped as always by Guppy06 · · Score: 1

      "Free will has absolutely nothing to do with event following cause. It has absolutely nothing to do with physics at all, because it's a made-up concept. It's philosophical."

      Free will is an example of a cause. Whether it's "philosophical" or not at this point is a red herring, because at issue is whether anything, "philosophical" or not, can be considered to have caused something else.

      If you want to avoid talking about something you seem to frown upon, how about this: there is a spark, there is a fire. For us tardyons, the spark precedes the fire, and we may think that the spark caused the fire. For tachyons, the fire precedes the spark, and they may think they fire caused the spark. However (so long as the tachyon oberver is possible), both must be taken into account, each presumption of what caused what cancel each other out, and both spark and fire "just happen," with no relation to each other beyond, coincidentally, being near each other in space-time.

      "We know that if we were facing situtations that we faced before with exactly the same knowledge, if we were reliving a moment of history, we'd do exactly the same thing,"

      Red herring. Entropy dictates that the past will never repeat, and quantum mechanics dictate that we cannot know the past with complete certainty, which would be required to recreate it.

    91. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Mod YOU DOWN.

      Wow! You somehow figured out how to slam the president with something totally unrelated to the president in record time! I was wondering how it would be done.

      I have a theory that any Slahdot topic can be negatively linked to the president somehow.

      I post anonymously because some chuckle-head will just mod me down for appearing to take sides with the president.

      Sorry, it has NOTHING to do with that. I'm just tired of seeing otherwise intelligent posts taking cheap shots at ANYONE (even the president) who has really nothing to do with that topic.

      If/when I moderate, I will mod you down everytime I see that.

    92. Re:Overhyped as always by 0x0000 · · Score: 1
      miracles are easy to explain. Something has gone wrong, so the simulation is stopped and restored from backup. A bit of editing is done, and the simulation is restarted.

      Bah. Self-modifying code is the basis of all miracles/magicks/intelligent behaviour.

      --
      "The Internet is made of cats."
    93. Re:Overhyped as always by megastar · · Score: 1

      I space people out in a line, each of them two light minutes apart... At 12:00 the first person waves, at 12:01 the second person waves, at 12:02 the third person waves, and so forth.

      How do people 2 light-minutes apart synchronize their clocks?

    94. Re:Overhyped as always by cahiha · · Score: 1

      Nah. For gravity, it's (kindof) been measured. It looks like it's the speed of light. Kinda. There are a couple caveats there. But it (kinda) was measured.

      People have attempted to measure it, but the trouble is that there doesn't seem to be agreement on whether those results are correct. Until there is, the question remains open.

      For strong and weak nuclear, they don't propagate at all (much more than a femtometer).

      So?

      The weak nuclear force is mediated by a massive boson, anyway, so it won't propagate at the speed of light at all.

      While that is a plausible hypothesis, it's not a fact until it has actually been determined experimentally.

    95. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Everyone say it together with me: "Phase velocity vs Group velocity"

      Phase velocity vs Group velocity ......

      What's a phase?

    96. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why does it matter what observers see? Why does it matter if a signal can get someplace faster than it could have gotten there via photons? If I send a message from A to B and it gets there instantaneously, and B sends a message back to A a fixed time later, it will be received by A after A sent the first message. No time travel. An observer may see (using photons) A receive a message back from B before seeing that B even gets the message, but so what? The only causality broken would be that A could tell B "there's some light headed your way, it's going to show you our sun going nova, the light should get there in about 4 years, and I really have to be leaving now." but that's like saying that thunder causes me to jump, so seeing the light from the lightning breaks causality.

      Two stations, A sends out a pulse once a second, timed using an atomic clock. B receives the signal and sees a pulse precisely once a second against B's atomic clock (so, time dilation appears to be the same for both). B sends back a pulse precisely one second later (at exactly the time the next pulse comes in). The pulses are encoded to distinguish one from the other (e.g. a time stamp as in NTP). When the pulses come back to A, A knows precisely how far apart they are, and so can send out a pre-arranged signal, and then (at the appropriate time) do something "simultaneously" with the other station (of course, B can also calculate the time difference, so they both know what time it is "now" on the other station). If there's a third station C, also at exactly the same time rate as the other two, is there any way that C won't be able to be in synch with both A and B (i.e. getting a consistent time difference for the two)? Why can't A, B and C all "go off" simultaneously? Say, each one figures out when to send a pulse to each of the other two so it gets there at a prearranged time. Won't the pulses from A and B both arrive at C at the same time, the pulses from A and C both arrive at B at the same time, and the pulses from B and C arrive at A at the same time?

    97. Re:Overhyped as always by ultranova · · Score: 1

      If action precedes "decision," was a decision actually made? If action precedes thought, then obviously you cannot decide not to act.

      Assuming that the past is unalterable. However, doesn't relativity itself suggest that past can be changed ? After all, relativity does imply that you can travel to past by abusing wormholes; and nothing in it suggests that you shouldn't be able to observe and interact with that past.

      And by taking both valid views into consideration, all that can be said is "I thought" and "I jumped on one foot."

      This is all that can ever be said, even in classical (non-relativistic) physics. You can't directly observe causal relationships; you can only observe an event follows another event, and that this happens even with many repetitions. However, you drawing a causal relationship from this is simply a hypothesis; it can never be proven.

      You cannot say "I jumped because I thought" because thought did not precede jumping in all frames of reference.

      Yes I can, because thought did precede jumping in my frame of reference. You may disagree, and say that jumping preceded thought in your frame of reference; but that does not cancel out my observations (since they are equally valid than yours), and therefore doesn't cancel out my conclusions that were based on those observations.

      If jumping happens first, you can't decide not to jump.

      And, since we can't agree on whether jumping happened first or not, we can't agree on whether I can decide not to jump.

      I guess what this really does come down to is that two observers don't neccessarily agree whether one of them has free will or not.

      If action precedes decision, could you decide not to act? In order for action to precede thought, the future must be as immutible as the past, allowing no room for alteration through free will.

      If the past was, in fact, mutable, you could never know it, since any change in past events would also change all its effects, causing no differences between your memories of the past and whatever observations you could do on the past.

      It cannot. You render "cause" and "effect" meaningless if that happens.

      No; I just make it difficult (or impossible) to tell which is which. You can still conclude that two events are causally related; you just can't figure out which one is the cause.

      You're making an assumption that you would be agreeing with your future self. You may be free to agree, but you're not free to disagree or change your mind. If you start jumping before the thought that "caused" it, you are locked in an inescapable fate until you have that thought (and you must have that thought).

      No, you can decide to not to jump, at which point (for all observers) the fact that you ever jumped simply disappears. See my answer to the tachyon gun paradox at the bottom of this message for my reasoning on behalf of this outcome.

      But the concept of simultaneous loses meaning since it is no longer true for all observers.

      All observers can't agree on the speed, length, mass or the rate of time for some particular object either. None of these concepts lose meaning, thought. Why should simultaneity ?

      Consider this paradox. There are three ways to get out of it:

      There is a fourth way: Shooters are free to act in any way, but their efforts to cause a paradox fail (they miss each other).

      Paradoxes related to time travel take the form of an event that, if it happens, cancels out its own cause. This then means that if such an event happens, it's cause has never existed, meaning that the event has never happened, meaning that the cause has happened (since nothing

      --

      Forget magic. Any technology distinguishable from divine power is insufficiently advanced.

    98. Re:Overhyped as always by ultranova · · Score: 1

      I wish that someday people wouldn't debate 'free will' like it actually means something everytime time travel is mentioned.

      Well, it is an important matter to lots of people, so it is unlikely that you will get your wish. However, you are always free to use your will to resist getting involved in such discussions.

      Free will has absolutely nothing to do with event following cause.

      Grandparent seems to disagree with you, since he asserted that cause preceding event makes free will an illusion. Perhaps you should be answering to him instead of me ?

      It has absolutely nothing to do with physics at all, because it's a made-up concept. It's philosophical.

      Perhaps. But it is rather difficult to talk about the consequences of some real or imagined physical phenomenon (FTL travel) without getting physics involved.

      If you want to assert that something outside this reality, or inside this reality but not part of your measurable body, is controlling 'you', fine. Whatever.

      If something was controlling me, then I wouldn't have free will, now would I ?

      And if something has an effect on this reality (such as dictating my actions), then it is part of this reality, now isn't it ?

      However, trying to make up weird rules about how it's affected by time travel is just absurd when you can't even agree on what you're talking about, and don't actually have any reason to think it exists.

      I have a reason to think that free will exists, on the grounds that I can observe it in myself. Now, of course I could be observing just an illusion, but until that is actually shown, those observations give me a reason to believe that free will exist.

      It is true that the concept of "free will" is not very well defined, but one must make do with what one has.

      People who argue about how they 'could' do something else, and thus foreknowledge of their actions is impossible, need to seriously think about, you know, the past, which we also know about and where they 'could' have done something else but didn't.

      I haven't argued that foreknowledge of my actions is impossible. Many people who know me can predict my actions with very good accuracy, and presumably, if one knew me and every external factor that affects me in any way completely, he could predict my actions with unerring accuracy. However, such a discussion goes to the realm of religion, since quantum uncertainties will keep us mere mortals from ever knowing each other or our surroundings with unerring accuracy.

      People who are truly unpredictable are crazy, or at least appear that way to other people.

      You want to fight something, don't fight hypothetical time travel,

      I haven't fought time travel.

      go and fight about the supposedly 'immutable' past,

      If time travel is possible, past must either be mutable or already contain all the appearances of various time travellers (which would be an example of effect (time travellers presence) preceding cause (time traveller pushing the start button in his time machine)), since otherwise time traveller would be unable to interact with his surrounding in any way and therefore unable to observe (your eyes observing photons would change the past, after all) it or be observed, which would mean that he wasn't really in the past at all, since in physics if something can't be observed directly or indirectly it doesn't exist.

      and leave everyone who doesn't have a weird fixation on what they 'choose' to do alone.

      You posted to me first (altought some observers may disagree ;), so your comment of leaving you alone is rather strange.

      Furthermo

      --

      Forget magic. Any technology distinguishable from divine power is insufficiently advanced.

    99. Re:Overhyped as always by Alsee · · Score: 1

      What lgw wrote was correct, aside from possible quibbles over the terminology for describing the photon interactions with the quantum vacuum particles.

      wouldn't you think that there is a reason those are called virtual particles?

      Normally they annihilate each other and vanish before we can get a hold of them or even see them directly. However they *are* effectively a pair of "real" particles, we *have* measured the real effect that they have, and they *can* be pulled apart into a pair of persistant real particles. I don't think we've actually observed that last point about them being pulled apart into two persistant real particles, but that is the well understood and well accepted mechanism by which black holes radiate.

      I would imagine current accepted value of c is based on speed of light produced from a laser, which is "coherent"

      Yes, laser light is coherent. No need for "scare quotes" there.

      However the speed of light isn't connected to lasers in particular. Light from a laser is the same speed as starlight is the same speed as light from a cheap plastic flashlight.

      photon that exited the laser is the _same_ photon that enters the detector, not something produced in pair annihilation

      I guess it's a bit of metaphysics whether you want to call it the "same" photon or not. It is the same lump of energy, but it *has* been adsorbed and reemitted many times along the way.

      which would have a random phase.

      If a photon is adsorbed an atom, yes it will be reemitted in a random direction with a random phase. It will interact with the atom for a substantial period of time and the photon and the atom with both be completely altered. The change in the atom is tied to the change in the photon. However in the vacuum case the adsorption and reemission are effectively simultaneous and the interaction is with virtual vacuum particles that zero-out their effect. The particles come from zero and returning to zero. There's nothing to "carry away" any change in phase or momentum of the photon bundle of energy. The vacuum drops back to zero releasing the photon energy back to it's original state, recreating the same phase.

      -

      --
      - - You can't take something off the Internet! That's like trying to take pee out of a swimming pool.
    100. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Never mind anything else when/how is this going to help us get off this pox ridden planet at a decent rate of knots ie light x 100 or more

    101. Re:Overhyped as always by Alsee · · Score: 1

      Relativity places the same speed limit restriction on real information transfer as it places on particles and photons.

      The effect you are talking about is quantum non-local information, but it isn't "information" in any rationally understood meaning of the word. It cannot be used to transmit real information. The quantum aspect and the relativity aspect sort of ignore each other. It doesn't matter that something seems to have an effect faster than the speed of light because it's not a real effect communicating real information. Sort of.

      If that didn't make much sense, good... that means I explained it correctly. Chuckle. Quantum mechanics does not make sense in any familiar rational experience of the universe.

      Actually I think can give a decent rational explanation using the "multi-universe" model of quantum mechanics. If I drone on and state or repeat the obvious.... well better to err in the direction of over explaining than to under explain and risk losing you.

      Imagine you shoot out the two electrons in opposite directions, one to the left and one to the right. Lets call them the L and R electrons. Either they both have spins pointing forwards or they both have spins pointing backwards. They would be LF and RF *or* they are LB and RB. Well, under quantum mechanics each one points *both* forwards and backwards. So lets imagine each electron is an overlapping pair of electrons. The L electron is really an overlapping LF and LB. On the right we have an RF overlapping with an RB. This is an exactly overlapping double universe. In fact there are two identical overlapping copies of you, one in each half of this exactly overlapping double universe.

      As long as you don't actually look at or touch the electrons each half of "you" is sitting there with the two fuzzy quantum double electrons each pointing in both directions. Since both halves of you are identical and in the identical spot they act perfectly normally and identically. The fact that you are duplicated is undetectable. On the other hand the electrons are overlapping with a different version of itself pointing in the opposite direction. Since the two halves are actually different they can behave differently, and since they overlap they can affect each other. The "multiple copies of the election affecting itself" is kind of how quantum computers are capable of doing magical free calculations and create extra information. The multiple copies of the electron can calculate different things and can affect each other and cam carry that information across the multiple overlapping universes. That quantum calculation explanations was a bit of a tangent, so back to the main point....

      The key here is when you try to look at or touch one of those double quantum electrons. Lets say you touch the R electron. One half of you touches the forwards pointing RF electron and the other half of you touches the backwards pointing RB electron. Imagine one version of you gets kicked "upwards" and the other version of you gets kicked "downwards", flying apart. Lets say the version of you that saw RF gets kicked upwards and the you seeing RB gets kicked downwards. The two copies of you fly up and down and never get to see each other again. Lets follow with the "up" copy of you for the moment. This version of you sees the R electron pointing forwards. You see the RF electron. What about the L electron? The LF and LB halves? That electron is a billion miles to the left. Well ok, you hop in your space ship and fly a billion miles to the left and look at that L electron. But you didn't just move left, you moved up-left. You will see the LF electron at this location. The "down" you will see the LB electron down there. One version of you sees the RF and LF copies of electrons and the other version of you sees the RB and LB copies. Either way you automatically see them match.

      When you look at the R electron and see it is an RF the actual "information" is that you - this version of you - is in the up universe. The L electron a billio

      --
      - - You can't take something off the Internet! That's like trying to take pee out of a swimming pool.
    102. Re:Overhyped as always by GuyWithLag · · Score: 1

      You really want to take a look into Cellular Automata, your description sould a lot like one.

    103. Re:Overhyped as always by smallfries · · Score: 1

      Anything that can speed that up would be much appreciated.

      What about really deep holes?

      --
      Slashdot: where don knuth is an idiot because he cant grasp the awesome power of php
    104. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Arguing that the 'real things' in our universe are things simulated on a computer is silly, because there are no 'real things' in our universe to start with. It's just a whole mishmash of energy levels and probabilities that looks like real things to us giants.

      Tell that to my parole officer

    105. Re:Overhyped as always by rbarreira · · Score: 1

      They don't. And they don't need too.

      --

      The AACS key is NOT 0xF606EEFD628B1CA427BEA93A9CA9773F
    106. Re:Overhyped as always by TorKlingberg · · Score: 1

      And how about the energy? Do low-energy photons in vacuum also sometimes exist as electron-antielectron pair and move slightly slower than the maximum speed?

      Any numbers on the speed difference?

    107. Re:Overhyped as always by DavidTC · · Score: 1
      Oh, yes, feel free to pick apart my post without even slightly mentioning what 'free will' means. That's exactly what I expect from people who assert it exists. Heaven forbid they have to explain it, it just magically exists.

      And, for the record, free will is the idea that there is your body/brain, and there is something else controlling it, something not measurable. That it grants us, unlike everything else, have some mystical level of 'choice'.

      It doesn't matter where it resides, or what you call it. The concept, when applied to time travel, is that situtations in time travel that result in people making decisions twice don't (have to) result in them making the same decision, despite everything in the universe being the same. Hence, logically, this thing called 'free will' exists outside the universe, but that's not really important. (1)

      The second I point that out, however, people talking about free will immediately redefine it into 'self aware'. No, we already have a phrase to describe self-awareness, and that's, duh, self aware or sentient. And I suspect that's what you're talking about when you talk about how you can observe self awareness in yourself. The ability to observe yourself make decisions does not imply that, given a second time, you'd come to a different decision. There's no way to ever observe that, you cannot run the same decison-making process twice.

      But all this doesn't surprise me, because the other thing that ticks me off when people start talking about 'free will' when discussing time travel is that none of them know what it means.

      1) And, hey, if people want to use quantum mechanics/chaos theory to argue that the entire universe is non-repeatable, like the other post here, go ahead. It's called the 'butterfly effect', and, hell, for all I know it's true. I'm just saying people who think it somehow magically applies solely to people are crazy.

      And the same thing for arguing that the universe isn't determinalistic at all, even the first time. Alright, that could be true. The craziness comes from accepting the universe is solely effect following cause, except when it applies to people, who can do anything they 'want' within the laws of physics. Or that the universe is non-deterministic and people are even moreso.

      --
      If corporations are people, aren't stockholders guilty of slavery?
    108. Re:Overhyped as always by TorKlingberg · · Score: 1

      This comment together with the article about the release of the Q3 source code gives me an idea.

      What if I modify the server code so that it remebers the incoming pings from clients, predicts the ID number and time of the next ping from that client, and send the responce _before_ receiving the ping?

      My zero ping server will be damn popular.

    109. Re:Overhyped as always by bhiestand · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Great, one more douchebag who feels the need to post a ton of self-glorification on his website (at a domain which is a weak attempt at a facade of humility), including a full resume (complete with home address, phone numbers, and employment history), list of all the lame organizations he's a member of... the list goes on and on.

      Now, getting to your slashdot post, you're wrong in every paragraph! Steven Hawking is hardly the one who developed those theories. He's just the best modern person at explaining them to the masses. I hate to inform you, but we already have a lot of dead virgins and a lot of future grandfathers on this planet. I personally know (or knew) quite a few of them.

      The "nukular" comment has already been shot down in other posts, but you're just searching for a reason to lash out about Bush. You're so upset over it that you can't even discuss a scientific topic (which is about as far as you can get from politics) without bringing it up in an unrelated way. Not to mention that he's not the first person to sound like an idiot saying it this way.

      laypersons out there who just go, "Yup, that's an 'oops', they said it was a law and now it ain't. I guess evolution might not really be true, dad-gummit, I don't trust me none o' dem smarty pants anyway.
      Ahhhh. Now your real beliefs are starting to get out. Even though according to your website you're a Unitarian Universalist, North Shore Unitarian, and a Methodist, you appear to have a problem with religious idiots who don't believe in evolution. Perhaps you should start with your own church instead of letting your elitism shine? Not every person who disagrees with you is an idiot who walks around like a stereotypical hick, spitting chewing tobacco out of his mouth, yelling "dag-gummit" and complaining about "smarty pants".

      Basically your post deserved a score of "-1, Troll" at best. You're wrong on every count, not very insightful, and are obviously just way too angry at people you don't believe are as smart as you.

      You, lame sir, are a douche. You have the face of one, you're clearly rather bitter about the last election, and have an obvious superiority complex.

      I considered posting anonymously to save some karma, but I can always be like you and just go around making anti-bush comments for some additional points if I want.

      --
      SWM seeks new sig for a brief fling
    110. Re:Overhyped as always by DavidTC · · Score: 1

      That's not a parole officer, that's just a mishmash of energy levels and probabilities. ;)

      --
      If corporations are people, aren't stockholders guilty of slavery?
    111. Re:Overhyped as always by Guppy06 · · Score: 2, Informative

      "Why does it matter if a signal can get someplace faster than it could have gotten there via photons?"

      Special relativity.

      "If I send a message from A to B and it gets there instantaneously, and B sends a message back to A a fixed time later, it will be received by A after A sent the first message. No time travel."

      No, B's signal will get there before A sent the original instantaneous signal. It is not a matter of "B's clock looks like it's behind A's," it is that B's clock is behind A's, and that instanatneous signal will actually arrive in B's (and A's) past. What you're doing is assuming a preferred frame of reference, that one station's measure of time is more valid than the other's, and special relativity says that cannot be.

      "The only causality broken would be that A could tell B "there's some light headed your way, it's going to show you our sun going nova, the light should get there in about 4 years,"

      No. If A was 4 light-years away, B would get the signal 8 years before the nova got there, or 4 years in the past. A, looking at B, would see B's calendar and see that B is 4 years behind (and it's not that B "appears to be" 4 years behind, otherwise it would be possible for A and B to get different measurements for the speed of light), so that instantaneous signal would reach B 4 years ago.

      You're assuming A's reading of A's clock is more valid than A's reading of B's clock, and that's not allowable in special relativity.

      "The pulses are encoded to distinguish one from the other (e.g. a time stamp as in NTP). When the pulses come back to A, A knows precisely how far apart they are, and so can send out a pre-arranged signal, and then (at the appropriate time) do something "simultaneously" with the other station (of course, B can also calculate the time difference, so they both know what time it is "now" on the other station). If there's a third station C, also at exactly the same time rate as the other two, is there any way that C won't be able to be in synch with both A and B (i.e. getting a consistent time difference for the two)?"

      Time and space are not constant, only the speed of light is constant. Time and space change in relation to each other to maintain that constant ratio. According to C, moving at relativistic speeds, the distance between A and B is different than what A and B measure. And while A and B may see C as being half-way between them, C, moving towards A, will see itself as being closer to A than to B. Similarly, while A and B may believe they are in synch with each other, C, moving towards A, will see A's clock ticking faster than C's, and B's clock ticking slower than C's.

      As in the barn and the pole "paradox",, if C is going at relativistic velocities towards A and away from B, A's signal will reach C before B's does, so they will not be simultaneous.

      A's and B's clock interpretations cannot be "more right" than C's interpretation, or otherwise A's and B's measurement of the speed of light would be "more right." However, even if C is moving at half the speed of light towards A (accordin to A), A's light-based signal will reach C (according to C) at speed c (not 1.5c), and B's light-based signal will reach C at speed c (not 0.5c).

      "Why can't A, B and C all "go off" simultaneously?"

      It can only happen if A, B and C are all at rest with respect to each other. Otherwise, time dillation throws the clocks out of psynch. Once C moves, C's clock will start to tick slow (according to A and B), and even after C comes to rest again, C's clock will still be behind.

    112. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ah. I was aware of vacuum not simply being 'complete emptiness', but I never considered that that would affect the speed of light in it. With this and your other posts in this thread, you've provided me with an interesting insight. Thank you.

    113. Re:Overhyped as always by Guppy06 · · Score: 1

      "However, doesn't relativity itself suggest that past can be changed ?"

      Special relativity suggests (through the possible existence of tachyons) that the past could be as changable as the future, but that's on relative terms. If both past and future are immutable, then the past is as changable as the future.

      The concept of causaility suggests that the past is immutable, because the past causes the future. If the future is able to cause the past, you end up with the classic grandfather paradox.

      If FTL is possible and SR continues to stand up under scrutiny, then both past and future are equally static (equally dynamic, whatever). If past and future are equally fluid, then one cannot be said to cause the other on absolute terms.

      "If the past was, in fact, mutable, you could never know it, since any change in past events would also change all its effects, causing no differences between your memories of the past and whatever observations you could do on the past."

      If it alters your memory, then nothing can happen in the past that would cause you to want to go back and change it. The event that inspired (caused) you to go back and change things never happened, you have no reason to go back and change things, so you never went back to change things.

      "All observers can't agree on the speed, length, mass or the rate of time for some particular object either. None of these concepts lose meaning, thought. Why should simultaneity ?"

      Because those disagreements are on magnitude, not whether or not it exists. If space exists between two objects, then all observers will see this space, the only difference will be the magnitude of this space.

      "The loop is traversed maybe once, maybe twice, maybe a trillion times, but sooner or later you will get a variation of events that causes the loop to not be travelled again."

      Then that leaves you with an immutible past, because the net effect of going back to change the past is zero. Only one result will be permanent, and it must be the result that caused you to go back to begin with. "You're free to do whatever you want so long as you don't actually do anything" doens't sound very free to me.

    114. Re:Overhyped as always by Guppy06 · · Score: 1

      "The ability to observe yourself make decisions does not imply that, given a second time, you'd come to a different decision."

      The ability to observe yourself ensures that you only choose one option. If you are unable to observe yourself, then you choose all possible options until some outside observer observes you taking only one. Consider the double-slit experiment, where a single electron can be shown to go through both slits at the same time (interfering with itself), until you actually try to determine which slit it goes through, which "choice" it made.

      This "self-observation" is related to free will because it allows you to choose which slit is closed, which observed result will actually be true. Quantum mechanics shows that observation is itself a catalyst (at least as much as anything can be described as a catalyst).

      The electron goes through both slits becuase it cannot observe itself. If we are self-aware to any extent, then even being little more than a passenger watching events unfold changes the way those events unfold.

    115. Re:Overhyped as always by radtea · · Score: 1

      I wonder if the tunneling you describe is just one more example of phase speed vs group speed, or if it's actually negative impedance (whatever that means).

      I can't provide references off the top of my head, but tunneling occurs in such a way that no information is transmitted at velocities greater than c. One of the early quantum papers--from Phys. Rev. in 1929 or thereabouts--addresses this topic by doing a numerical solution to the time-dependent Schrodinger Equation for a wave-packet incident on a rectangular barrier. It's all 1D, but the bottom line is that no usable information is available prior to when it would be available if the barrier were not in place.

      The thing to realize is that the time-development of the wave-packet is perfectly ordinary under the barrier: the wave packet propogates toward the barrier, interacts with it, and propogates past it. The basics of the time-evolution are the same regardless of whether or not the particle the wave-packet describes has negative energy under the barrier. The only thing that is different is that the solution to the wave equation under the barrier is a real exponentential rather than a complex exponentional.

      So yeah, if you like, the group velocity is always c or less, regardless of what the phase velocity needs to be to match the boundary conditions on the far side of the barrier.

      --
      Blasphemy is a human right. Blasphemophobia kills.
    116. Re:Overhyped as always by DavidTC · · Score: 1
      Oh, hey, you want to discuss the impact of self-awareness on QM, I have no beef with that, although I'm partial to the 'transactional' interpetation myself.

      It's just in every discussion about time travel, some person will immediately leap in and say 'I don't believe in time travel, because free will means I can make any decision I want.'. So I tend to get snappy at those people.

      There are plenty of good reasons to doubt time travel could happen. 'Free will' just ain't one of them.

      BTW, on that topic, there's a damn interesting story, I forget what it says, that argues that collapasing the waveform is not only a function that happens in the human brain, but it evolved there and other beings do not have it. So the very first time we look at the heavens, we collapses huge amounts of the sky. Eventually aliens get so pissed at us look at them and removing possiblities they put our solar system in a giant sphere, which I think is the name of the book.

      At the same time as all this, someone invents 'brain software' (They have neural programming.) that disables this ability for short periods of time, so the possessor can do almost anything that's possible, no matter how unlikely, because they will be a probability blur until they succeed or fail, and they just 'pick' the path that lead to success. And this eventually starts undermining 'reality'.

      --
      If corporations are people, aren't stockholders guilty of slavery?
    117. Re:Overhyped as always by Alsee · · Score: 1

      Any numbers on the speed difference?

      The difference is zero under any realistic conditions, and insanely close to zero even under minor-magic-wand unrealistic conditions. We're talking an extra millimeter per light-year, give or take a few orders of magnitude. I don't know the maximum size the effect can reach but you'd need a pretty heavy-duty-magic-wand just to get it up to a detectable size, much less getting it to a usefull size.

      It is more of an intellectually facinating quirk rather than any meaningful effect. OOoo! Light can go faster than the speed of light! Chuckle.

      low-energy photons

      I haven't read anything about the photon energy making a difference. I dunno. It is primarily quantum uncertainty that provides the energy to create virtual particles.

      -

      --
      - - You can't take something off the Internet! That's like trying to take pee out of a swimming pool.
    118. Re:Overhyped as always by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is slashdot. Absolutely everyone here invented that cosmology themselves when they were 13 (8 for the more precocious, 15 for the slow ones). It has never been radical. Descartes had a very similar idea hundreds of years ago. The ancient greeks had an arguably more advanced object oriented idea where the real world was the world of classes, and everything we saw was just instances of them. In the words of e2: Your radical ideas about X have already occurred to others.

    119. Re:Overhyped as always by hamburger+lady · · Score: 1

      yes, he did do the nasty in the pasty.

      --

      ---
      Is this the MPAA? Is this the RIAA? Is this the DMCA? I thought it was the USA!
    120. Re:Overhyped as always by barawn · · Score: 1

      People have attempted to measure it, but the trouble is that there doesn't seem to be agreement on whether those results are correct. Until there is, the question remains open.

      The results are correct. The question is how precise the results are. So gravity propagates at approximately the speed of light. The question of how exact that approximation is needs to be measured better. But it's not, say, infinity.

      So?

      If something can't propagate, why bother talking about the speed at which it propagates? It's like asking whether or not dinosaurs would enjoy baseball.

      While that is a plausible hypothesis, it's not a fact until it has actually been determined experimentally.

      Uh, it has. The W and Z do have mass. Measured, and all. Really.

    121. Re:Overhyped as always by internic · · Score: 1

      I think the issues you're discussing (regarding signal speeds in the free vacuum vs. those in the Casamir vacuum) are actually irrelevant to this experiment, unless this is radically different from other fast light experiments done in optical fibers. In fast light experiments it is generally just a case of having a group velocity which is faster than c but no longer corresponds to the velocity of energy or information. Meaning that you have a pulse that appears to go faster than c, but it does not do so in a meaningful way.

      There's a very good discussion of this in a paper by Nicolas Gisin of the University of Geneva on a (presumably similar) fiber based fast light experiment PRL 92, 203902 (2004). To quote from that paper:

      "Both [phase and group] velocities can exceed the speed of light in vacuum c in suitable cases; hence, neither can describe the speed at which information is carried by a pulse that propagates in the medium. ...it is known that information travels at the signal velocity, defined as the speed of the front of a square pulse. This velocity cannot exceed c."

      The rest of the paper goes on to detail their experiment and show quite clearly from the data that while the peak of the pulse is tipped forward, the arrival time of the leading edge of the pulse (the signal velocity) remains constant. The QED issues you're talking about are interesting, but as far as I can tell they are not what is at issue here.

      --
      "You call it a new way of thinking; I call it regression to ignorance!" -- Operation Ivy
    122. Re:Overhyped as always by cahiha · · Score: 1

      If something can't propagate, why bother talking about the speed at which it propagates? It's like asking whether or not dinosaurs would enjoy baseball.

      It can propagate, just not very far.

      The results are correct. The question is how precise the results are. So gravity propagates at approximately the speed of light. The question of how exact that approximation is needs to be measured better. But it's not, say, infinity.

      If you're referring to the Kopeikin results (the only plausible experiment that attempts to measure the speed of gravity AFAIK), the analysis depends on a number of unproven assumptions, and it hasn't been independently verified. For now, we can at most consider the results "plausible and suggestive", but no stronger than that.

      Uh, it has. The W and Z do have mass. Measured, and all. Really.

      I don't dispute that. What hasn't been demonstrated experimentally is that the corresponding interactions propagate slower than lightspeed. It's a very plausible inference, but it's still a hypothesis until it has been measured.

    123. Re:Overhyped as always by barawn · · Score: 1

      I don't dispute that. What hasn't been demonstrated experimentally is that the corresponding interactions propagate slower than lightspeed.

      I don't get the problem. Are you proposing that a massive particle might travel at the speed of light?

      I mean, the creation and decay of a real W/Z boson is a long-distance weak interaction. The fact that they decay at all means they don't travel at the speed of light.

      Is your problem basically that a W hasn't been created with enough energy to live long enough to be observed?

      While this is definitely true, I don't think that the fact that the weak nuclear force doesn't travel at the speed of light hinges upon this kind of a direct observation.

    124. Re:Overhyped as always by tricorn · · Score: 1

      First off, I never said A and B (or C) were moving relative to each other. I explicitly stated that they were at rest in the NTP example (each side sees pulses from the other at the same rate as expected, thus time must be going at the same rate; round trip time is staying constant, so they can't be moving with respect to each other). So why can't things happen simultaneously, even when separated by large distances? And with such a setup (everything at rest with each other), how would FTL transmission be traveling in time?

  2. So it was just a good idea... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...after all.

  3. warp speed by longdead · · Score: 4, Funny

    but can they achieve warp speed yet?

    --
    visit me at www.longdead.net
    1. Re:warp speed by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Film at 11

    2. Re:warp speed by Nuclear+Elephant · · Score: 1

      More importantly, can they achieve infinite probability drive, or generate an S.E.P (Somebody Else's Problem) Field.

    3. Re:warp speed by pauljlucas · · Score: 1

      Warp speed's too slow. They need to achieve ludicrous speed!

      --
      If you reply, do so only to what I explicitly wrote. If I didn't write it, don't assume or infer it.
    4. Re:warp speed by JavaTHut · · Score: 1

      Ok, I get that this doesn't mean we can have warp speed anytime soon. But, seriously, does this article mean we can finally have holograms of Palpatine relaying his bidding all across the gallaxy or interplanetary quake without the horrible lag we would have previously had playing with someone from another star system?

      I think people are seriously undervaluing the implications of this finding...

    5. Re:warp speed by Raelus · · Score: 1

      Infinite improbability drive, silly. Now, disappear in a puff of logic, please.

      --
      "It is the stillest words which bring the storm. Thoughts that come with doves' footsteps guide the world."
    6. Re:warp speed by Nuclear+Elephant · · Score: 1

      That's what I said, but the 'im' was stuck in the SEP field. Now that you're looking for it, I'm quite certain you'll see it's there.

    7. Re:warp speed by CaptnMArk · · Score: 1

      In other words, Warp 10.

    8. Re:warp speed by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Pfff... Warp speed is not enough. I say, Ludicrous Speed!

    9. Re:warp speed by aevan · · Score: 1

      Nah, the probability drive was much more fun...makes your hostess' panties jump 1' to the left.

      The imp drive was just good for turning into a penguin.

    10. Re:warp speed by Nuclear+Elephant · · Score: 1

      Nah, the probability drive was much more fun...makes your hostess' panties jump 1' to the left.

      *Grumble* I never got invited to those sorts of parties.

    11. Re:warp speed by Dwonis · · Score: 1

      I'd even be happy with ridiculous speed!

    12. Re:warp speed by shawb · · Score: 1

      That's the improbability drive vs. the infinite improbability drive. And woah... track 19, CD1 of the first fit of the CD version of the Hitchiker's Guide radio show came on my randomized playlist (basically my whole music library plus a couple other audio files on random:) "The Infinite Improbability Drive." What's the probability of that coming up at that time?

      And apparantly, it's the "finite improbability generator" that moves the hostess' undergarments one foot to the left or creates the infinite improbability drive by feeding the improbability of creating the infinite improbability generator into the finite impropability generator and putting on a fresh cup of really hot tea.

      --
      I'll never make that mistake again, reading the experts' opinions. - Feynman
    13. Re:warp speed by shawb · · Score: 1

      No... information still can't be sent faster than the speed of light. Simply an artifact of the sums of several waves of out of phase light travelling in the same direction. Another poster already mentioned this pages which has a little flash diagram which explains the phenomenon. Do the shift click thing to see what happens when the group wavefront reaches the front of the primary wavefronts... it simply fizzles out.

      --
      I'll never make that mistake again, reading the experts' opinions. - Feynman
    14. Re:warp speed by NoOneInParticular · · Score: 1

      In all fairness, all we need is a finite improbability drive. It's easy to make it infinite from there.

    15. Re:warp speed by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What's the point with ludicrous speed, or warp speed for that matter, when we are unable to stop our brains from moving in to our feet, and stopping, geez I guess we'll all have to wear oversized helmets.

    16. Re:warp speed by aevan · · Score: 1

      You're dead on right (just dusted off the book)...somehow it was turned around in my head...the wrong part of the name got reversed.

      My bad *hangs head in shame*. And on that note, being the utterly Pavlovian bitch that I am, I'm off to make tea.

  4. repost? by rkruse · · Score: 2, Informative

    Hasn't this already been done before?

    1. Re:repost? by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      Hasn't this already been done before?

      Are you saying dups travel into the future by going faster than c? Hmmm, the new science of dupology. Let's see, if two dups leave two different keyboards at the same time, and one dup can reach /. before the first dup is finished being typed, then the first dup is published but the second dup is not yet, unless it then goes faster than light and beats the first dup to /. such that it gets published before the second dup, and now they are both published. This is why Oracle transaction A.C.I.D. won't work on Enterprise when they enter warped space-time and went out of business in the 22nd century, beaten by DBMS vendors who got transactions to work in warped space-time. I think I've had too much coffee.

    2. Re:repost? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I know they did it on Star Trek back in 1968. It was way kewel back then, with all of the '60's go-go outfits and mod alien space women. "Where do I get me a drill thrall" I used to ask. But alas, it was all just a really happy psychadelic dream. "Warp 9 Scotty! She can take any more captin! At this rate she's gonna blow up any second!" I was going to go into my 'gimme a drill thrall' song, but that may be too much information.

      OK... since you asked
      "Gimme a drill thrall... I wanta drill thrall....
      A triskellion beauty, longing for a kiss,
      A tin-foil bikini clad, whip wielding miss,
      I want a drill thrall.... Give me a drill thrall..." ... See, like I said, too much information

  5. Ludicrous Speed! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Were they able to speed it up to ridiculous speed, or perhaps even plaid?

    1. Re:Ludicrous Speed! by wildsurf · · Score: 1

      With that geek factor, I doubt they're ever going to get plaid.

      --
      Weeks of coding saves hours of planning.
  6. Obnoxious pop-ups.... by MilenCent · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    ...that even show up under Firefox. Thanks, "Science Blog!"

    1. Re:Obnoxious pop-ups.... by magicchex · · Score: 0

      Not with the easily obtained and third most popular extension NoScript .

      --
      How many fulltime jobs can one man have?
    2. Re:Obnoxious pop-ups.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      upgrade to the alpha 2 release and you won't get popups - firefox 1.5 is gonna be great!

    3. Re:Obnoxious pop-ups.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      .. and on my firefox, Adblock already had
      *.casalemedia.com/*
      and
      pagead*.googlesyndication.com/*

      in its blocklist, so I didn't need NoScript. I must take a look at noscript though....

    4. Re:Obnoxious pop-ups.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm running Firefox 1.0.4 on linux with privoxy, and the page looks quite plain with no popups or ads at all.

    5. Re:Obnoxious pop-ups.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ditto, but Firefox 1.0.6.

  7. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 5, Funny

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  8. So Einstein was wrong? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Seems like some fundamental principles of time-space are being violated.

    Perhaps there is something wrong the the measuring instruments?

    While they're at it, perhaps they could tell us the speed of gravity.

    1. Re:So Einstein was wrong? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The speed of gravity is the same as the speed of light. Several experiments have added evidence to that.

  9. Bet you any money... by gowen · · Score: 2, Informative

    ... it's "only" the phase velocity. This has been done before, and, since information is carried at the group velocity, there aren't any serious "light-cone" repercussions for Einsteinian limits on causality.

    --
    Athletic Scholarships to universities make as much sense as academic scholarships to sports teams.
    1. Re:Bet you any money... by dlt074 · · Score: 1

      "light-cone" FINALLY! i've been looking for something to go with my cone of cold! mages rejoice!
      /dance

    2. Re:Bet you any money... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, it has been done before. Sometime in the 70s or 80s, there was a Scientific American article under the "Amateur Scientist" column, showing how to make an apparatus out of commonly-available electronic components. This apparatus showed phase velocities of something like 1.3c, if I remember rightly. A very cool effect, but it's not quite the basis of warp drive... :)

  10. not past the absolute limit I think by asjk · · Score: 1

    IINAP but I think that althogh the scientists speeded up light in this particular medium that does not mean that the absolute limit will be change. Comments?

    1. Re:not past the absolute limit I think by vertinox · · Score: 1

      IINAP but I think that althogh the scientists speeded up light in this particular medium that does not mean that the absolute limit will be change. Comments?

      Light is an absolute limit, but the limit depends on where you are in the Universe and how fast you are traveling from point A to point B. Or rather it would be better to say "Sometimes laws of physics bends depending where you are and how fast you are traveling." or at least bend your observations of the laws of phsyics.

      I mean if you were traveling near the speed of light pretty close to a black hole then perhaps your observation of the speed of light would be quite different than those walking around on earth...

      I mean if you were traveling at the speed of light... How would that affect instruments that produce light? Would you just not see the light hitting your eyes or light emmiting objects travling as fast as light have some type of doppler affect since the light behind it is more of a trail and the light infront of it just balls up since the light emmitting object is travling as fast as the light it produces...

      --
      "I am the king of the Romans, and am superior to rules of grammar!"
      -Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor (1368-1437)
    2. Re:not past the absolute limit I think by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think you mispronounced 'sped'.

    3. Re:not past the absolute limit I think by shawb · · Score: 1

      The best way I can think of describing the phenomenon is that light is actually travelling infinitely fast, although someone with a better physics background please correct me if I there are any major flaws in my model (Oh, and here I am merely referring to the particle model of light... wave theory would need completely different math to work out.)

      Okay, we start with the photon at rest (ignoring for now that a photon doesn't actually exist when it is at rest, only when it is moving.) At rest the photon has zero mass. So you apply a force to it, and so then it accelerates according to F=MA. But what is A if M=0? A calculator will just give you a divide by zero error. To get close, we have to deal with limits, and so as the mass of the particle being moved approaches (I.E. gets really really really close to zero. 0.000000000000000000001 for starters, whatever.) the acceleration approaches infinite. So this particle starts moving with infinite acceleration, which means that after any length of time of this acceleration, it would reach infinite velocity.

      However physics isn't quite so simple as to allow something to go infinitely fast. As things start getting really really fast, they start breaking down the laws of physics as Descartes knew them. So, depending on your frame of reference, different things happen. If you are standing still with the photon moving towards you, it now has a mass according to the theory of relativity. Now this mass means that the force applied is no longer imparting infinite acceleration, and so it will reach a certain velocity while traveliing towards you. For a given transmission/travel medium that velocity happens to be constant no matter how much energy is imparted into the photon, and that constant velocity is the speed of light. It takes roughly eight minutes (I could be wrong on the number, but It's about the right order of magnitude) for us to percieve a photon travelling from the sun to the earth. What happens to the different amounts of energy? Essentially the photon that strikes you will have more mass if more energy is applied in the acceleration phase.

      So this is all fine and good, but what about the electron? What is the journey from the sun to the earth like? As it is accelerates to relativistic speeds (which takes almost no time) it does not percieve its own mass as changing. Instead the space between the sun and earth collapses untill there is no distance to travel between them, so the amount of time required to travel between the two is zero, although eight minutes have passed on earth between the time the particle left the sun and the arrival on earth.

      Now, what does this mean for the question about what would happen if you turned on a flashlight at the speed of light? Well, that question is moot. It would take infinite energy to be able to accelerate ANY object with a rest mass to the speed of light (which I have hopefully just shown to be infinite speed from the viewpoint of the accelerating object.) I don't think we'll ever be able to find a technology that can impart infinite energy.

      Now, none of this takes into account all sort of other things, like quantum physics where the photon sort of hops around or turns into odd little things, the fact that light isn't purely a particle, and that it also has a wave component and depending on the experiment you do, it is either a particle OR a wave, so it sort of can be one or another, or maybe it's something completely different that we can sort of model as a particle or a wave in certain instances. Oh yeah, and I have almost no grasp on string theory.

      I've worked out the basic equations on this a couple times, but A)it would take me a long to to derive them again and B)plain text is a horrible way to display them anyways. It takes a lot of playing around with the basic energy equations as energy is the one thing that isn't lost, so F=MA, E=MV^2, and transposing them with V=AT, the impulse equation, etc and breaking alot of these down into their basi

      --
      I'll never make that mistake again, reading the experts' opinions. - Feynman
  11. Before people get too excited by Mukaikubo · · Score: 1

    "And even though this seems to violate all sorts of cherished physical assumptions, Einstein needn't move over - relativity isn't called into question, because only a portion of the signal is affected."

    So no, this isn't the massive, century-defining, warp-drive-enabling experiment you all are dreaming for. Sorry. It's neat, and it'll probably have cool applications though. And that should be enough.

    1. Re:Before people get too excited by Whumpsnatz · · Score: 1

      But what the heck does that mean? "Only a portion"? There's nothing in the article to explain how they determined that it was "faster than light", or why an FTL event would be irrelevant if it only affected a portion of the signal. Is this just another of those perception games, or did light actually go faster than it's assumed maximum?

  12. Nothing too new... by Space+cowboy · · Score: 5, Informative

    There's more than one measure of the speed of light - the phase velocity and the group velocity. It's the group velocity that can't travel faster than c, the phase velocity is free to travel faster assuming dispersion is allowed. In any event, information travels at the speed of the group velocity, which is why the write-up mentions that Einstein ain't wrong just yet ("only a portion of the signal is affected").

    If you look at this treatment of wave velocity, it's reasonably clear ([grin] - at least if you've done undergrad physics, but then in that case you'd know all about it anyway :-)

    A good quote from the above link:

    Unfortunately we frequently read in the newspapers about how someone has succeeded in transmitting a wave with a group velocity exceeding c, and we are asked to regard this as an astounding discovery, overturning the principles of relativity, etc. The problem with these stories is that the group velocity corresponds to the actual signal velocity only under conditions of normal dispersion, or, more generally, under conditions when the group velocity is less than the phase velocity. In other circumstances, the group velocity does not necessarily represent the actual propagation speed of any information or energy. For example, in a regime of anomalous dispersion, which means the refractive index decreases with increasing wave number, the preceding formula shows that what we called the group velocity exceeds what we called the phase velocity. In such circumstances the group velocity no longer represents the speed at which information or energy propagates.

    The phenomena is also discussed in Feynman's Lectures on Physics ( vol 1, Chapter 48-6) in a bit more rigor - these books ought to be required reading of any physics undergrads :-)

    Simon
    --
    Physicists get Hadrons!
    1. Re:Nothing too new... by InsideTheAsylum · · Score: 1

      Can you explain that in layman's talk now? For a moment there I had a "rotational speed of toast" moment as you were talking about "regime of anomalous dispersion, which means the refractive index decreases with increasing wave number."

    2. Re:Nothing too new... by Geoff+St.+Germaine · · Score: 2, Informative

      Good post. I recall a lecture I had from a PhD from Los Alamos when I was doing my undergraduate degree about the group velocity exceeding c, but they could still not transmit information at that velocity. The information velocity isn't the phase velocity, but it isn't necessarily the group velocity either.

    3. Re:Nothing too new... by lessa · · Score: 1

      That's quite right. Phase velocities faster than the speed of light are not new. The "speed limit" concept does apply to the propagation of information, which occurs at the group velocity. However, if you read the abstract of the paper, Applied Physics Letters, you see that it is, in fact, the group velocity that has been adjusted in these experiments.

      I am deeply dubious that this is truly a relativity violation, but everything I have read online seems to point in that direction. I plan to head to the local university library as soon as I get a chance, so I can read the full article.

    4. Re:Nothing too new... by AxelBoldt · · Score: 1
      There's more than one measure of the speed of light - the phase velocity and the group velocity. It's the group velocity that can't travel faster than c

      No, both phase velocity and group velocity can exceed c. (The quote you give makes that point.) Signal velocity cannot, however. If it could, you'd have immediate time travel, according to special relativity.

    5. Re:Nothing too new... by Space+cowboy · · Score: 3, Informative


      [grin] not really. You need a reasonable grounding in wave theory before you get to phenomena like standing-waves (eg: a string attached at one end, and agitated at the other) or superposition (eg: the "beating" sound of two similar-frequency sounds) and group/phase velocities are slightly farther on than that.

      Let's try though: Imagine a slightly-complicated (3 ups and downs) wave in your head (or on paper), now repeat it three times - add the same wave to the start and the end of the original. You ought to see a sort of symmetry - three complicated waves (which are very self-similar) one after the other. Let's assume this is a wave travelling through space from A to B.

      [aside: You also need to know that any complicated wave can be decomposed into a bunch of simple sine waves (at different frequencies), all superimposed on top of each other. Physicists call the simple sine waves the component frequencies of your wave]

      The speed of information (group velocity, under normal conditions) is determined by the speed at which those 3 groups (hence the name :-) of waves arrive at the receiver. When the medium through which the wave is travelling has a constant refractive index [wave theory thing, just accept it as a property of the medium for now], the group velocity is equal to the phase velocity.

      However, when the wave travels through a transparent medium (water, glass, transparent aluminium (!), etc.), the refractive index tends to change slightly with frequency. This is why different frequencies of light are split when going through a prism. In this case, the group velocities of the different colours of light are lower than c because of the refractive index of glass.

      But, you say, here the group velocity is *higher*, well, the group velocity itself is usually a function of the wave's frequency, and you can create media with exotic refractive indices (this is the province of non-linear optics). Both of these can result in group velocity dispersion for different component-frequencies of the wave. The result is that the 3 waveforms in your head smear over time as a result of different frequency components of the pulse travelling at different velocities on their path from A to B.

      So, now consider your 3 waves after they've been travelling for a certain time T. They now overlap in space as different frequencies from each of your 3 starting-waves travel at different speeds to the destination, so individual frequency-components (which ones depends on the refractive index) of the wave can arrive faster than c at the receiver. This is what the write-up meant when it said that only a portion of the signal is travelling faster than c. Crucially however, each one of the 3 waves does *not* travel faster than c as a whole, and in fact almost always travels slower.

      At least, I rather hope the above is correct - I've not read or used any of this stuff for ~15 years :-)

      Simon.

      --
      Physicists get Hadrons!
  13. Don't have to change the constant by Azarael · · Score: 4, Informative

    When people have 'c' recorded, it's assumed that it's referring light in a vacuum and it's not messed around with. So the values can stay the same.

    1. Re:Don't have to change the constant by Guppy06 · · Score: 1

      Besides, the meter is defined as the distance light goes in 1/299792458 s, so if light went faster, we'd still use the same number, it's just our meters (and, consequently, feet/yards/etc) will get longer.

  14. No big deal by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    Please note that this result doesn't violate the second postulate of special relativity, because the "speed of light" > c being talked about here is only the phase velocity in a medium. One cannot use these optics tricks to transmit material or information faster than c.

  15. Amazing what you can do with by winkydink · · Score: 1

    a coffee-can exhaust and a NOSx kit

    --

    "I'd rather be a lightning rod than a seismometer." -Ken Kesey

  16. I predict ... by AdamReyher · · Score: 1

    Cool. Now I'll be able to have conversations with people before words even come out of their mouth. Always wanted to do that ...

    --
    The Computations of AdamR
    http://www.adamreyher.com
  17. ob. fut. ref. by EddieBurkett · · Score: 1

    Does this story count as an obligatory Futurama reference?

    --
    The only thing I hate more than hypocrites are people who hate hypocrites.
  18. Cesium Chamber Experiment from Before by vectorian798 · · Score: 4, Informative

    Is this really that new? This has happened before. Read here: CNN: Light can break its own speed limit

    And before we all start yapping, I quote from the (CNN) article:

    This effect cannot be used to send information back in time," said Lijun Wang, a researcher with the private NEC Institute. "However, our experiment does show that the generally held misconception that `nothing can travel faster than the speed of light' is wrong.

  19. Light that travels faster than the speed of light by TarryTops · · Score: 0

    Funny title. It's like saying sound travels faster in water than speed of sound in water. (It's 1440m/s BTW)

    --
    Java Oracle Linux Enthusiast
  20. FTFA by NoData · · Score: 1

    They were also able to create extreme conditions in which the light signal travelled faster than 300 million meters a second. And even though this seems to violate all sorts of cherished physical assumptions, Einstein needn't move over - relativity isn't called into question, because only a portion of the signal is affected.

    Vague, but like others before have conjectured, probably a change in phase velocity.

  21. Ob. Simpsons [mangled] Quote by theGreater · · Score: 1

    Homer: In this house, we obey the laws of [physics].

  22. Re:1st pos7 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Holy shit -- a subscriber to Slashdot with a terribly unsuccessful attempt at a first post.

    Dude, why are you wasting your money?

  23. Something's amiss here... by mark-t · · Score: 1
    They were also able to create extreme conditions in which the light signal travelled faster than 300 million meters a second. And even though this seems to violate all sorts of cherished physical assumptions, Einstein needn't move over - relativity isn't called into question, because only a portion of the signal is affected.
    Can someone explain to me how it could be that just because only "a portion" of the signal is affected, this does not violate what has been previously understood to be an absolute law of the universe? If even the tiniest fragments of information can be communicated across a distance in less time than it takes light to travel there, as near as I can see it would require a major rewriting of every physics book written in the last century.
    1. Re:Something's amiss here... by PDAllen · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Suppose you had a chain of people 3,000,000km long, and you had them do a Mexican wave. It'd take (a lot) more than 10 seconds to go from one end of the chain to the other because people don't react that fast.

      Now suppose you gave each person a Bleepy Thing (tm) which you have sychronised beforehand so they go off at staggered intervals, the last one at the far end of the line 2 seconds after the first. You have the chain of people do its Mexican wave by standing as soon as their Bleepy Thing goes off. Wave velocity will be approximately 5c. There's no problem synchronising the bleepy things, just set them to go off at the right time intervals when they're all together in one place and then move them fairly slowly (like 100km/s is fine) to the right places in the chain.

      So why doesn't that break relativity? Answer: the wave does not carry information that fast. In fact the only information you get from the far end of the wave is the time the bleepy things were set to go off at - which reached you much slower than light speed when the bleepy things were sent down the chain beforehand.

      This is much the same trick just done with a light wave not a Mexican wave.

    2. Re:Something's amiss here... by AxelBoldt · · Score: 1
      No information and no energy is transmitted faster than c. No physics book has to be rewritten.

      Actually, they should be rewritten, to point out once and for all that there are three relevant velocities of light: phase velocity (the speed with which the waves of monochromatic light move), group velocity (the speed with which a particular shape of mixed light moves), and signal velocity (the speed with which the information-carrying signal moves). With clever experimental setups, you can speed up or slow down the first two velocities. Signal velocity never exceeds c; if it did, you could send today's lottery numbers into the past, according to special relativity.

    3. Re:Something's amiss here... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      mod up parent up!!!

      Einstein covered this exact sort of problem in his book relativity. For example lets say we have 3 points 1 moving left the other right and the third in the middle. Now points one and two start moving away from each other at the speed of light. Now relitive to each of these points the other is moving away from it at 2x the speed of light. Yet from a third point say where everything started the two points are only moving away at the speed of light.

      The point? Everything is relative to the particular frame of reference you are in. Measuring from point one or point two is the wrong place to measure from. Point 3 is a better place but there may be an even better place to measuer all three points from. It breaks the laws of physics otherwise.

    4. Re:Something's amiss here... by NidStyles · · Score: 0

      Yes, forbid that. What would we ever do if the very theory we based very little of our technologies on would turn out to be inaccurate, or even worse, wrong.

      --
      Yes, I said it.
  24. here's an example... by jxyama · · Score: 5, Interesting
    Not sure if it's 100% relevant, the example I remember from school is: Take a powerful spotlight and place an object in front of it. Now go, really, really far away and watch the shadow cast by the object on the wall. Further you go, more "magnified" its movement will be, i.e., since the spotlight will be bigger further away, waving an object across the face of the spotlight will move the shadow on the wall across greater distance. If the spotlight is powerful enough, you can extend the wall as far as you want and the shadow will move as fast as you want, even faster than the speed of light.

    Note that no information is being transmitted faster than the speed of light in such a case. Shadow may traverse across the spotlight faster than the speed of light, but the actual information that creates the shadow is still transmitted at the epeed of light from the spotlight to the wall.

    1. Re:here's an example... by timmyd · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I don't think the shadow would move faster than the speed of light in that case, the time it takes for the light "update" to show up on the wall is just going to take longer when you're really really far away. So if you move something across the spotlight, it will just take longer to show up on the wall. Like how if the sun went out, we'd just know 7 minutes or so later rather than the shadow hitting us instantly...

    2. Re:here's an example... by scovetta · · Score: 1

      Actually, I don't think that's technically correct. I may be wrong, but if you did this in a very dusty (big) room, you'd see sort of a wave of light (like on a rope if you pull up on one end and see a wave travel down the rope) going down towards the far wall.

      Have an object and a spotlight. Rotate the spotlight around the object (always pointed at it) and after a certain distance, the shadow will be moving very fast. But not faster than light. After that point, you'd be seeing the shadow that was cast in the past. Spin the spotlight around fast enough and then shut it off, and the shadow will still be going for a time.

      Sorry this isn't scientific, I could add some c's, M's, and what-have-you, but you get the point.

      Can anyone comment on whether this is correct? It seems so to me, but that doesn't mean much.

      --
      Wer mit Ungeheuern kämpft, mag zusehn, dass er nicht dabei zum Ungeheuer wird. --Nietzsche
    3. Re:here's an example... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hmm if I rotate a torch 360 degrees in 1 second, entire corresponding lenght in the universe will be illuminated by light in 1 second..same as the shadow casting object experiment. But when you do the same experiment with mass (i.e. super long stick) it's always capped by light speed. What about an elastic whip? Now I'm confused...

      I don't know if it's relevant too :)

    4. Re:here's an example... by photon317 · · Score: 1


      I think this AC and the parent are correct, as opposed to the other replies saying it doesn't work.

      If I spin a spotlight 360 degrees in one second, and there are no obstructions in the way, and there was a circular wall around me at 13 billion light years out, then 13 billion years later, you would see a gigantic spot of light sweep around the wall at a rate far faster than the speed of light. However, this doesn't violate any physics laws that we know of today, and does not transmit information faster than light in and of itself.

      However, there is the potential for doing crazy things with a similar setup and quantum entaglement, I think (IANAP). If the photons being sent out were entangled, and/or some particles on opposite sides of the walls were entangled, you might acheive faster than light communication, if you can plan ahead and afford the "setup" delay ahead of time. I'm not sure on that stuff, I don't know much about it.

      --
      11*43+456^2
    5. Re:here's an example... by NarrMaster · · Score: 1

      GP knows this. What they are talking about is the point of view from a point on the wall. If you were on the wall where the shadow began, you would see the shadow receding faster than light along the wall.

      --
      That's right. All your base.
    6. Re:here's an example... by biospud · · Score: 1

      It's OK for a shadow to move faster than light, because a shadow is not a thing.

      The same principle allows the progress of a scan line on a CRT monitor to proceed at faster than the speed of light. It's different electrons and photons showing up farther along the screen, so it's OK for the trace on your screen to move faster than light.

    7. Re:here's an example... by jbridge21 · · Score: 1

      I don't know WTF you're talking about... let's assume a CRT 10 inches across, and a nominal horizontal frequency of 60 KHz... that makes 15 km/sec, or a mere 1/20000 of c.

    8. Re:here's an example... by wfberg · · Score: 1

      The shadow doesn't move. A shadow is the absence of light being reflected from a wall. You wouldn't see "a shadow that was cast in the past". You're always seeing (the lack of) light that was emitted in the past. Think of rays of light just like you would of a "beam" of water being squirted from a supersoaker watery-squirty-gun device, but in zero gravity. And in slowmotion if it helps.

      --
      SCO employee? Check out the bounty
    9. Re:here's an example... by BetterThanCaesar · · Score: 1

      It's not the time it takes for the shadow to appear on the wall! It's the speed of the shadow relative to the wall.

      I find the opposite scenario easier to understand. Shine a spotlight on a distant wall. By changing the angle of the light, the spot will move. If the wall is far enough away, the spot will move faster than the speed of light.

      --
      "Stop failing the Turing test!" -- Dilbert
    10. Re:here's an example... by tgibbs · · Score: 1

      Note that no information is being transmitted faster than the speed of light in such a case. Shadow may traverse across the spotlight faster than the speed of light, but the actual information that creates the shadow is still transmitted at the epeed of light from the spotlight to the wall.

      Indeed, if you try to transmit information, say by changing the speed at which you move the object, that change will propagate to the wall only at the speed of light, even though the shadow itself is traversing the wall at greater than c.

    11. Re:here's an example... by noidentity · · Score: 1

      Or more simply, a shadow is not an object, thus no need to go further with physical analysis. We see it as an object because areas which maintain similar patterns of color, perhaps moving, are perceived as objects. Same way we perceive the mouse cursor on screen as an object.

    12. Re:here's an example... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Even with quantum entanglement, you still find that you don't get to communicate faster than light. You do get to affect the distant entangled particle at superluminal speed (provided you accept the Copenhagen interpretation), but the control you have in this affecting is not enough to transmit information.

    13. Re:here's an example... by scovetta · · Score: 1

      True, but from an observer's point of view, you can't really tell, right? If you were taking a video of that and had the camera set on 'negative', it would be impossible to tell.

      --
      Wer mit Ungeheuern kämpft, mag zusehn, dass er nicht dabei zum Ungeheuer wird. --Nietzsche
    14. Re:here's an example... by wfberg · · Score: 1

      A camera set on negative? *frowns*

      Let me put it like this; suppose you have a sphere, and in orbit around that sphere at 1 lightyear in a perfect circle, centered on the sphere, there is a lamp pointed at it. At any time, you'd expect the lamp's light to reach one half of the sphere; the far side of the sphere won't be illuminated, but the front is. As the lamp starts moving, you'll see the light creep across the globe, the "far side" is relative to where the lamp was to begin with. Now, at near-c speeds, the position of the "far side" lags w.r.t the position of the lamp, but still, there can be only one "far side", as each photon that hits the sphere was emitted a year ago by the lamp. If both sides were illuminated, the lamp would have to have been on both sides a year ago! If no sides are illuminated, the lamp would have to have been nowhere at all! Only if the lamp is travelling in orbit at, say, 1 revolution per second, and it's emitting photons at a rate of 1 photon per 2 seconds would you have momentary lapses of both-side darkness. (Likewise for overlapping shadows).

      If you entertain a perfect sphere as "the wall", being twice as big in circumference than the orbit of the lamp, again centered on the illuminated sphere, and the lamp was moving at c, then the shadow on the wall would appear to move at 2c, which is just the lever effect; the shadow appears to traverse the wall, which has double the circumference of the orbit, and the lamp is moving about its orbit at c. That just means that 360 degrees on the wall are farther apart, but since the photons never move *along* the wall, they only slam into it from different angles, there's no speed of light being broken.

      Work it out for yourself. Unfortunately, though experiments tend to go wrong if you're not thinking right.

      --
      SCO employee? Check out the bounty
    15. Re:here's an example... by scovetta · · Score: 1
      I don't mean to doubt you, but are are sure about this? I *thought* I had a good grasp on this kind of thing, and my brain does doesn't want to accept that that shadow would move at 2c.
      {LIGHT}...{object}.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.{wall}
      (ignore the . and ,-- stupid /. formatting...)

      where the distance from the light to the object is 1 meter, and from the object to the wall is 1 light-year.

      At t=0, the light is behind the object, the shadow "hits" perpindicularly on the wall (yes, I know, but you know what I mean).
      The light then moves north at c.

      At t=1, the light has moved one light-second.

      The shadow would now be 2.8e24 meters down the wall (similar triangles...).

      But that won't happen for a year. In the mean time, the shadow will remain in the same place until the photons arrive.

      So at t=[1 year], the shadow ...

      oh crap. Ok, now I see it. Makes sense now.

      For anyone else with the same problem as me, I'll continue. At t=[1 year], the shadow has quickly bounced down 2.8e24 meters. At t=[1 year + 1 second], the shadow will be down 5.6e24 meters. From there, you can say that the shadow moved the difference (2.8e24 meters) in 1 second, which puts is far faster than light.

      I bow to your superior grasp of light and shadows. ;)

      --
      Wer mit Ungeheuern kämpft, mag zusehn, dass er nicht dabei zum Ungeheuer wird. --Nietzsche
  25. Re:1st pos7 by nortonantivirus · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    give me a few miliseconds of credit

  26. Makes for good headlines by confusion · · Score: 1

    I have read this article everywhere I turn, on every news show I've watched today. Most of them are *NOT* portraying the "discovery" in its proper context.

    Jerry
    http://www.cyvin.org/

  27. Ooh, controversial! by Bralkein · · Score: 1

    Is this really making the light waves go faster, or is it just anomalous dispersion? I heard in one of my Physics lectures that you can make something happen that looks like superluminal motion, and it caused a bit of controversy when someone did it, but it's not actually the wave that's moving faster than c - it's actually the wave envelope, which is related to the amplitude of the wave. I could try and explain, but I'd only make things confusing (if I haven't already!), so I have found some animations you can look at, see here and here.

    On the other hand, if the light really is going faster than c, then I am thoroughly impressed!

  28. Re:1st pos7 by donaldgelman · · Score: 0

    maybe if he had faster dial-up then that would have actually been a first post.

  29. Speed of light in OPTICAL FIBER by mirth · · Score: 1

    They've increased the speed of light in optical fiber... Not a vacuum... (which is c).

    In optical fiber, it's less than c. The posting makes too many fanciful assumptions.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light

  30. Obligatory Futurama Reference by forkazoo · · Score: 2, Funny
  31. Re:Finally by KitesWorld · · Score: 1

    Meh, i seem to recall that Dark was already faster than light.





    No, don't look confused - it was a bad joke to begin with. The film I'm reffering to is 'Neverending Story II', not star wars. Sorry. >_

  32. My Car. by daviqh · · Score: 1

    And when can I get this speed for my car?

    --
    Microsoft is like...no, it's much worse.
  33. Lightspeed Brand Increases by Citizen+of+Earth · · Score: 1

    What kind of horse shit is this?! We all know that they don't increase the speed of light until 2208.

  34. Re:underread as always by nomadic · · Score: 0

    Everyone say it together with me: "Phase velocity vs Group velocity"

    No.

  35. Futurama by StonedRat · · Score: 1

    Prof.: These are the dark matter engines I invented. They allow my starship to travel between galaxies in mere hours.

    Cubert: That's impossible! You can't go faster than the speed of light.

    Prof.: Of course not! That's why scientists increased the speed of light in 2208!

    Cubert: Also impossible!

    --
    "Religion is the most malevolent of all mind viruses." - Arthur C. Clarke.
  36. ooo... I know by fbartho · · Score: 1

    That's like saying STFU when they open their mouths!

    --
    Gravity Sucks
  37. Well that bites... by suitepotato · · Score: 1

    ...I was hoping someone had finally done a quantum vacuum experiment speeding up the local speed of light within the experiment area. But nooooo...

    It'll happen though. Eventually. Probably not untill Maxwell's original equations are restored and made sense of versus Heavyside's edits, but it'll happen.

    --
    If my grammar and spelling are off, I am [distracted/tired/careless] (take your pick)
  38. Factor of three? by hazzey · · Score: 1
    slow light down by a factor of three from its well - established speed c of 300 million meters per second

    Doesn't that mean that they slowed it down by 900million m/s?

    So they made light go backwards?

    1. Re:Factor of three? by KillerBob · · Score: 1

      Doesn't that mean that they slowed it down by 900million m/s?

      So they made light go backwards?


      At twice the original 300million m/s, hence the mention in the article about sending part of the signal faster than the speed of light. :)

      --
      If you believe everything you read, you'd better not read. - Japanese proverb
  39. A question by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Could some one explain this to me? I never quite understood it.

    Suppose I throw one ball at a speed of .75c to my left, and one ball at a speed of .75c to my right. Then from the perspective of one ball, the other ball is traveling 1.5c, right? I know it's not, but why not?

    1. Re:A question by drstock · · Score: 2, Informative

      You can't use newtonian physics for speeds so close to c. Newtonian physics states that you just can add speeds, ie x = y+z.
      This isn't correct which gets noticable when speeds approaches the speed of light. Instead use relativistic physics: x = (y + z)/(1 + y*z/c^2).

      So your example becomes:
      v = (0.75c + 0.75c)/(1 + 0.75c*0.75c/c^2) = 0.96c

      --
      My other comment is funny
    2. Re:A question by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We live in a strange universe.

      Thanks!

  40. Star Trekkies Unite! by Tiger_Frost42 · · Score: 1

    At last! The creation of the warp core! Jump to original light speed, Mr. Scotty!

    1. Re:Star Trekkies Unite! by Hangin10 · · Score: 1

      Mr. Scotty?
      That threw me for a sec.

  41. Futurama Quote by chickuaua · · Score: 1

    Farnsworth: "And these are the dark matter engines. They allow my ship to travel between galaxies in mere hours." Cubert: "But that's impossible! You can't travel faster than the speed of light!" Farnsworth: "Of course you can't! That's why scientists increased the speed of light in 2208!"

  42. Second Law of Thermodynamics by E3nder · · Score: 1

    Actually, I believe that under some circumstances the second law of thermodynamics "breaksdown". http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn2572

  43. Heard in the lab by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    "What the...? Ah, fuck! I just saw my own ass in this funky scope. Gym time for me."

  44. Re:Light that travels faster than the speed of lig by NaruVonWilkins · · Score: 1

    Isn't the speed of sound different in different water pressures?

  45. Finally the Question is answered by Grand+Facade · · Score: 1

    When I am traveling at the speed of light, I WILL be able to see where I'm going....

    --
    Rick B.
  46. I won't believe the title until... by sluke · · Score: 1

    I'll believe that information can be sent faster than the speed of light when I get the tipoff from myself in the future.

  47. old news by mogalpha · · Score: 0

    Check discover magazine, circa 1999 I think.

  48. Speed of Kibbitz by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 0

    Good news travels at the speed of sound. Bad news at the speed of light. Rumor even faster.

    --

    --
    make install -not war

    1. Re:Speed of Kibbitz by scharkalvin · · Score: 2, Funny

      Good news travels at the speed of sound. Bad news at the speed of light. Rumor even faster.
      Actually bad news travels faster than light. Some alien civilation tried to build space ships powered by bad news. But they were unwelcome wherever they went. (the hitchhikers guide)

  49. High-performance microwaves by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Now our food is ready before we cook it!

  50. At least entropy is still around! by rattler14 · · Score: 1

    mmm, some would disagree
    http://www.cheniere.org/techpapers/GiantNegentropy .pdf

    Before the flack comes. Yes, as we currently define "energy", there is no way to reverse entropy. It's all based on assumptions, and they may not always be correct.

    Check it out, see what you think.

    --
    my last sig was too controversial... now, a new and improved useless sig!
  51. The funny part about this article.. by Rac3r5 · · Score: 2, Interesting
    "A team of researchers from the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) has successfully demonstrated, for the first time, that it is possible to control the speed of light - both slowing it down and speeding it up - in an optical fiber, using off-the-shelf instrumentation in normal environmental conditions.

    "The US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) considers it so important that it has been funnelling millions of dollars into projects such as "Applications of Slow Light in Optical Fibers" and research on all-optical routers."

  52. Not quite by pauljlucas · · Score: 5, Informative
    All 4 basic forces: electromagnitism, gravity, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear ... forces propogate at the speed of light in their reference frame.
    They propagate at the speed of light in all reference frames, i.e., the speed of light is the same to all observers.

    (However, including the nuclear forces is moot since they have no influence nor can they be observed outside the nucleus of an atom.)

    --
    If you reply, do so only to what I explicitly wrote. If I didn't write it, don't assume or infer it.
    1. Re:Not quite by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      They propagate at the speed of light in all reference frames, i.e., the speed of light is the same to all observers.

      In all inertial reference frames. That is (in short) the ones that are not accelerating or decelerating.

    2. Re:Not quite by ultranova · · Score: 2, Informative

      (However, including the nuclear forces is moot since they have no influence nor can they be observed outside the nucleus of an atom.)

      Really ? I can see the Sun shining just fine.

      Perhaps you meant that they can't be directly observed, only indirectly by the way of their consequences ? But surely you realize that this is true for all forces except electromagnetic - even with the proposed gravity sensors, you can't actually see the gravity waves, you can just see weights moving.

      Anyway, including nuclear forces is extremely important, because if a nuclear force that propagates faster than c, you could simply arrange multiple nuclear particles into a line - meaning that faster-than-light communication would be just an engineering problem, not one that requires violating basic physics.

      --

      Forget magic. Any technology distinguishable from divine power is insufficiently advanced.

    3. Re:Not quite by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Creating stable wires made out of neutronium is an "engineering problem" which will require a whole lot of new basic science to accomplish!

    4. Re:Not quite by ultranova · · Score: 3, Informative

      Creating stable wires made out of neutronium is an "engineering problem" which will require a whole lot of new basic science to accomplish!

      Undoutedly. But "very very difficult" is completely different than "impossible".

      You can not violate basic laws of physics; if you can, then they weren't basic laws of physics, you just thought they were.

      You can do anything not expressly forbidden by basic laws of physics; it is just a matter of doing a lot of research first.

      That's the difference between "engineering problem" and "violation of laws of physics": engineering problems can be solved by throwing enough money at them, but the laws of physics can't be bribed.

      --

      Forget magic. Any technology distinguishable from divine power is insufficiently advanced.

    5. Re:Not quite by jc42 · · Score: 1

      They propagate at the speed of light in all reference frames, ...

      Yup. But not in all materials. TFA blew it for me with the comment:

      Light signals race down the information superhighway at about 186,000 miles per second.

      Uh, no it doesn't. In a glass fibre, light travels quite a bit slower than that. It only travels at that speed in a vacuum. In glass, light travels significantly slower than c. And parts of the information superhighway is made up of electrons ambling down a wire at speeds very much below c. (Then there's the speeds of the bongo-drum and avian-carrier links. ;-)

      This comment pretty much made it pointless to accept anything else in the article as fact.

      --
      Those who do study history are doomed to stand helplessly by while everyone else repeats it.
    6. Re:Not quite by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Very, very little science research is "basic science" if your definition of that is research which "redefines the fundamental laws of physics".

    7. Re:Not quite by Alsee · · Score: 1

      engineering problems can be solved by throwing enough money at them

      Caution, price tag may contain letters.
      Neutronium Wire engineering: $1E30

      -

      --
      - - You can't take something off the Internet! That's like trying to take pee out of a swimming pool.
    8. Re:Not quite by John+Hasler · · Score: 1

      And parts of the information superhighway is made up of electrons ambling down a wire at speeds very much below c.


      Except that the signal in a wire travels quite a bit faster than the electrons (though still slower than c).
      --
      Warning: this article may contain humor, sarcasm, parody, and perhaps even irony. Read at your own risk.
    9. Re:Not quite by barawn · · Score: 1

      even with the proposed gravity sensors, you can't actually see the gravity waves, you can just see weights moving.

      Gravity waves distort spacetime, which light follows. If you were near to a gravitational wave source, you'd see it. Light would bend like hell through it.

      You'd also feel it if it were strong enough, too. Not many people enjoy their bodies being stretched in one direction and compressed in another.

  53. I can do that. It's still wrong. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Given a signal source, a slotted waveguide and a detector, I can make it look like my signal travels faster than the speed of light. It really isn't though.

    The problem lies in the assumptions that you make while doing the measurement. In the case of the waveguide experiment, you assume that the waves travel straight down the waveguide. You measure the wavelength and knowing the frequency, you calculate that the signal is going faster than the speed of light.

    The assumption about the direction the waves is travelling is wrong though. As the frequency goes up, the waves tend to travel at an angle. What you measure therefore isn't the real wavelength, it's the distance between peaks along a non-perpendicular line.

    I think these guys have fallen into the same trap.

  54. In Soviet Russia by mynickwastaken · · Score: 0

    The Light Speeds Up the Scientits.

  55. Old Math Joke by tiny69 · · Score: 0

    2 + 2 = 5

    For large values of 2.

    --
    Go not unto/. for advice, for you will be told both yea and nay (but have nothing to do with the question)
    1. Re:Old Math Joke by tiny69 · · Score: 4, Funny
      I can't be the only one that wishes moderators were identified so I can spend ALL of my mod points returning the favor.

      "Mod me down again......"

      --
      Go not unto/. for advice, for you will be told both yea and nay (but have nothing to do with the question)
    2. Re:Old Math Joke by Mo6eB · · Score: 1

      No, no. It's
      lim ( 2 + 2 ) = 5
      2->inf

  56. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  57. Re:I can do that. It's still wrong. by scharkalvin · · Score: 1

    Especially since a fiber optic pipe IS a waveguide for electromagnetic waves at the frequency of light.

  58. Re:Fuck you, elitist piece of shit by wirehead_rick · · Score: 1

    Slack-Jawed Idiot Troll

    I used to think there is a village in Texas missing their idiot.

    It is now apparent there are two.

    --
    -- Mean People Suck
  59. TIME TRAVEL possible by UlfGabe · · Score: 2, Funny

    As was evidenced by the new FTL(faster than light) optical data processing center at the core of Slashdot, This article was accidentally Posted INTO the PAST!!!!

    Thus, making the first post read a DUPE, and not this one. This is the original! /my head asplodes.

    iceberg

    --
    Check journal for info on Anti-TextBook, an idea by me.
    1. Re:TIME TRAVEL possible by Patrik_AKA_RedX · · Score: 1

      Yes, but this one was copied from the dupe.

  60. Didn't Tesla already speed up light past c? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Didn't Tesla already speed up light past c?

    1. Re:Didn't Tesla already speed up light past c? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      no

  61. Re:1st pos7 by mhearne · · Score: 1

    Actually, dial-up could be a lot faster than it is - but the FCC has set a limit of 53 kbytes /s. For one thing, they don't want the signal bleeding over into neighboring lines in the same cable (no one wants to hear a teletype machine in the background of their conversations).

    For another thing, most of the phone wires are only 24 gauge. This is physically fine for voice communications, but it doesn't have a large enough diameter to even carry music, much less digital signals.

    If only we could get them to switch over to about 18 gauge, we might not need DSL.

    Michael

  62. Overclocking light by Jay+L · · Score: 1

    In other news, these scientists appear to have some sort of contract with ASUS...

  63. Re:Pegged you right on, didn't I? by wirehead_rick · · Score: 0, Troll

    Since your such a tough guy. Come on over and tell me what you think to my face. You fucking coward. Mr tough guy righty :). Bahahahaha. You red-neck drunken pussy! You couldn't beat up your little sister.

    --
    -- Mean People Suck
  64. You missed the important part by Spaceman+Spiff+II · · Score: 1

    The significant part of the story is not in fact the alleged speeding up of light, but the slowing down of it. The story says it gest slowed down by up to a factor of 3.6, which will make processing it easier, and will speed up telecommunications (somehow).

    --
    I understand that life's not fair, just why is it never unfair in my favor?
  65. excuse me ? by cosmic_0x526179 · · Score: 1
    Also, all those posters with 186,000 miles per second as a speed limit need to be amended. At least entropy is still around!

    Now who on earth could he be referring to ? :P

    --
    This msg is brought to you by the letter 'W'.. for Worthless Wuss
  66. Oh, please by Dr.+Kinbote · · Score: 1

    The wave front velocity of light is c. Period. Yes, you can come up with all kinds of setups to change phase or group velocity. No, you can't use them to transmit information superluminally. Case closed.

  67. Re:Pegged you right on, didn't I? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Hey, all you hill billy, trailer trash.

    Shouldn't you guys be out impregnating your attractive cousins and further degrading the gene pool?

    Let me tell you jerk-offs something:
    Living in Kentucky, I've met a lot of you redneck types and you're just about all the same. You run off at the mouth a lot but when it comes to action you'd rather grunt like apes, puff up your chest, and run off like scared bitches.

    Not all "lefties" "liberals", et. al. are passivists. In fact, some of use with more liberal view points like whipping the shit out of redneck douche-bags, even though most rednecks don't know how to fight(at least in any way that allows them to win).

    So, go crawl back under the trailer cletus, nothing more to see here.

    PS - How can you honestly still claim support for a President that continues to send our men to die in a desert for nothing. I have friends in Iraq and I'd like to see them come back rather than stay pointlessly risking death.

    -EmpX

  68. Movie title! by Eric_Cartman_South_P · · Score: 1
    dead virgins/future grandfathers


    Wow... that sounds like an awesome movie title. I'd by tickets for that shit in a heartbeat!

  69. Nuclear vs. Nukular by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Re:Overhyped as always (Score:5, Insightful)
    by justanyone (308934) on Saturday August 20, @12:52PM (#13362326)

    All 4 basic forces: electromagnatism, gravity, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear (not Nukular; bite me, George)

    Mixing politics with science; always a good idea (especially if you really really hate George Bush enough, which makes anything acceptable).

    But seriously, if "nukular" was an acceptable pronounciation by Jimmy Carter -- who was one of the first nuclear engineers in the Navy (Academy class of 1946) -- and tens of millions of other Americans -- including Dwight Eisenhower and Bill Clinton -- why single out George Bush?

    See

    http://volokh.com/2002_09_15_volokh_archive.html#8 5468441

    http://volokh.com/2002_09_15_volokh_archive.html#8 5473616

    http://volokh.com/2002_09_15_volokh_archive.html#8 5473709

    http://volokh.com/2002_09_15_volokh_archive.html#8 5473746

    [Eugene Volokh, 9:53 AM] September 19, 2002

    WHAT'S WRONG WITH "NUCULAR"? Today's Slate Explainer reminded me of this question, which I've thought about a bit in the past.

    One common answer is that saying "nucular" is wrong because "nuclear" is spelled, well, "nuclear," and not "nucular." But the standard rebuttal (mentioned in the Slate piece) is: How do you pronounce "iron"? I actually remember pronouncing it "iron" as a kid (as in "irony" without the "y"), and being told that this is not the usual pronunciation -- "iern" is probably the best way of representing how you're really supposed to pronounce it. If this phenomenon (called "metathesis") is OK in "iern," why isn't it OK in "nucular"?

    But this is just the tip of the objection -- the broader objection is that this is English we're talking about here. English, the language of "women," of "colonel," of "laughter" and "slaughter," of "get" and "gem." As reader Brian Dulisse points out, "forte" can be pronounced "fortay," "fort," or "fortee." "This pronunciation is wrong because it doesn't match the spelling" isn't much of an argument in English.

    It seems to me that the only sensible answer to "What is wrong with 'nucular'?" is "This is not the standard way that high-class people say it," coupled with "This term is a shibboleth that high-class people, and those influenced by them, use to sort those they'll call 'high-class' from those they'll call 'low-class.'" That's all the "wrong" there is here. Yes, I know this sounds like a leftist cultural critic position; but sometimes, as here, the leftist cultural critics are right. One day, "nucular" might be treated the same as "ah" for "I" or "crick" for "creek" -- a regional accent that's not wrong, but just different. It might even become the "correct" pronunciation, with "nuclear" sounding archaic or affected. It won't flow from a change to logic or morality, only a change of attitude by enough people in the influential classes, or by a change of who counts as the influential class.

    So what of it? Well, if you're teaching a child (or an adult) to speak, of course you should teach him to say "nuclear," simply as an instrumental matter -- sounding high-class is usually (not always, but usually) more profitable, especially where the shibboleths are concerned. If you're making a purely esthetic judgment, well of course you're free to say "'Nucular' sounds ugly to me," just like you can say "Picasso looks ugly to me" or "Broccoli tastes bad to me." And if you're tr

    1. Re:Nuclear vs. Nukular by Dachannien · · Score: 2, Insightful

      But seriously, if "nukular" was an acceptable pronounciation by Jimmy Carter -- who was one of the first nuclear engineers in the Navy (Academy class of 1946) -- and tens of millions of other Americans -- including Dwight Eisenhower and Bill Clinton -- why single out George Bush?

      Because before Bush was elected, "nucular" was used as a political tool to represent the argument that Bush is unintelligent. But now, it's used as a symbol of the anger the left feels over Bush being elected twice. When's the last time you ever heard someone complain about "nucular" without some large degree of bitterness in their voice?

    2. Re:Nuclear vs. Nukular by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hey, guess what?!

      There's a whole WORLD of people out there, past the borders of your little country, and we all hate uneducated people who can't pronounce words correctly either!

      This has nothing to do with George Bush being re-elected. It has to do with dumbasses who can't pronounce simple English.

      Dear God - you Americans are so far up yourselves, you're giving yourselves a colonoscopy.

    3. Re:Nuclear vs. Nukular by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Flamebait

      I actualy heard when this happened. So, why is it such a big deal? Well if you are representing an entire country, and other countries around the world are watching, do you really want to sound like a moron? Yet that is exactly what happened, America sounded like it was being represented by someone on crack.

      What is next, is the monkey going to start calling stem cells "steam seals"? If the guy is going to pretend that he has the slightest clue about something scientific, how about not sounding like a complete moron while doing it? I do not think that is to much to ask from a person who is supposed to represent a country (Even if he did have to buy his election).

    4. Re:Nuclear vs. Nukular by Dachannien · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      and we all hate uneducated people who can't pronounce words correctly either!

      That's a lot of people to hate, especially since, as you say, there's a whole world of people out there. You should probably look into some anger management counseling.

    5. Re:Nuclear vs. Nukular by CrowScape · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      Interstingly enough AC, the overwhelming majority of people in the world don't hear the difference between "nuclear" and "nuculer," mainly because they don't speak English, also because many don't speak English as a native tounge. So basically you're targeting only the Commonwealth states. Considering America's relations amoung its current allies are currently the most strained among France and Germany, two non-English speaking countries, and that America's biggest problems come from the non-English speaking Middle-East, as well as North Korea and China (also non-English speaking), while America has few, if any real problems, with the Commonwealth, it would seem as if a leader's dialect has little effect on international relations, and simply concerns domestic politics. Hell, American pronunciations probably sound funny to all Commonwealth states no matter what regional dialect is used.

      --
      common sense: noun
      What those who are ignorant of the subject matter think; usually wrong.
    6. Re:Nuclear vs. Nukular by jc42 · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      Hell, American pronunciations probably sound funny to all Commonwealth states no matter what regional dialect is used.

      Not really. Due to American dominance in the entertainment industry, English-speaking people everywhere are very familiar with the major American dialects. They don't sound funny, just American.

      Similarly, few Americans would consider British accents (at least RP and others commonly heard) as funny. Cute, quaint, charming perhaps, but not funny. We've heard a lot of Tony Blair lately, and he doesn't sound funny; he just sounds English.

      Except for Monty Python, of course; they're funny. Or Tracey Ullman. But she's fluent in so many accents that you have to keep reminding yourself that she's actually a Brit.

      --
      Those who do study history are doomed to stand helplessly by while everyone else repeats it.
    7. Re:Nuclear vs. Nukular by MisterEntropy · · Score: 1

      Those were some fine arguments against bothering to spell or pronounce anything correctly.

      Unfortunately, by their writing styles, I can tell that the authors have all spent countless hours learning how to craft English language expressions properly, and that they are, in fact, proud of their proficiency in this.

      It's obvious to me, therefore, that they are all hypocrites. They undoubtedly sneer amongst themselves whenever they hear "nucular", but pretend they don't, simply because it offers them an opportunity to appear clever and open-minded.

    8. Re:Nuclear vs. Nukular by mikefe · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      (I hate the term "ebonics," by the way; I don't know who invented it, but it sounds like a parody name for a language, not a serious one. Not that there's anything wrong with it!)

      Now if that doesn't sound like talking out of both sides of your mouth, I don't know what does!

      --
      There: Something at a specific location.
      Their: Owned by someone.
      Please make sure your english compiles.
    9. Re:Nuclear vs. Nukular by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But now, it's used as a symbol of the anger the left feels over Bush being elected twice.

      The Pope was elected, too -- does that make the Catholic Church is a democracy?

      If, by the term "elected" you mean "appointed by corporate America via a media/news/mental landscape that they paid for" -- then yes, Bush was "elected."

      Democracy is more than "voting" -- and begins long before the ballot box.

    10. Re:Nuclear vs. Nukular by stupid_is · · Score: 1
      WHAT'S WRONG WITH "NUCULAR"?

      Same thing as what's wrong with "Aluminum" vs "Aluminium" - the pronounciation-fascists don't like it

      --
      -- Intelligence is soluble in alcohol
    11. Re:Nuclear vs. Nukular by mfrank · · Score: 1

      There's nothing in the US Constitution that says we even *have* to have elections for anything other than Representatives. The state governments dictate how the electors in the Electoral College and Senators are chosen; they've chosen in all 50 states to let the electors and Senators be chosen by general election. If they wanted to, they could decide who gets the electoral votes by a good game of "Rock Paper Scissors".

  70. How embarrassing... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The word is "propagate".

  71. Re:1st pos7 by KDR_11k · · Score: 1

    Actually it's 56 kbit/sec, not byte/sec and that's the theoretical limit you get when you put the available bandwidth through the Nyquist formula (i.e. if we ignore noise). I forgot the exact frequencies (200-3400Hz?) but the limits are imposed because of multiplexing on the long-distance lines. The local lines (the lines from the distribution system to the end users) can actually carry a much larger bandwidth, which is how DSL works. I don't see why we should try to make phonelines broadband capable when DSL is sufficient.

    --
    Justice is the sheep getting arrested while an impartial judge declares the vote void.
  72. The speed of dial-up by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The speed of dial-up is not determined by the 'last mile' copper. It is determined by the fact that all phone lines are digitized once they hit the co. The sampling rate is 8 kB/s. That sets a maximum possible bit rate at 64 kB/s. To go faster you need compression.

    BTW, what do you think the gauge of the wire in 100 MB/s ethernet cable is. Hint, it's not 18 gauge.

  73. Futurama sez... by Sartak · · Score: 1

    According to Futurama, this wasn't supposed to happen until 2208!

  74. Re:Pegged you right on, didn't I? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    He's the predisent and president's don't lie, therefore Bush told us the truth and we need to support him and fight against those who hate us for our freedom.

  75. Re:Pegged you right on, didn't I? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0


    Since your such a tough guy. Come on over and tell me what you think to my face. You fucking coward. Mr tough guy righty :). Bahahahaha. You red-neck drunken pussy! You couldn't beat up your little sister.


    But I'm sure you could beat her up; since you're full of enough hate toward red-necks.

  76. Yes, But we need more Power, Captain. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    She ain't gonna doo it, we'll tear the ship apart!!!

  77. my contribution to uninformed debate by supernova87a · · Score: 1

    What with this workaday world, I'm too busy to read the articles anymore. So I'll just make up the story in my head. Scientists sped up light. Experiments -- launched a flashlight from a rocket, spun fiber optic lines really fast around their heads?

  78. Time travel by savage1r · · Score: 1

    This article must be going faster than light and traveling backwards because JUST NOW I'm remembering seeing it like 2 days ago.

  79. Re:Pegged you right on, didn't I? by Alex+P+Keaton+in+da · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Wow... This is actually an informative thread, because it demonstrates how politics can cause any scientific discussion to degrade into name calling. I think that we can all discuss science without attacks on people.
    Living in Ohio, "THE" battleground state, I have seen many casual arguments between two people who for all intents and purposes should be friends, degrade into fistfights.
    Discussing points and their merits is great, and we are all capable of that without attacks on people's regions and pronounciations.
    Why discuss who can beat up whom on a discussion board? The same way that hot 18 year old girl in a chat room can be a 90 year old fat man, the geek on this board could be a 6'4" former MP who has been to war. My guess is, if we all got into a bar together, we would have fun and get along....

    --
    And All I Ask is a Tall Ship And a Star to Steer Her By
  80. Link to Actual Paper by statemachine · · Score: 2, Informative

    I'm not sure if anyone already posted the actual paper. ScienceBlog only links to itself and references a future printed publication. Well, here it is:

    http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX -13-1-82

  81. Re:Fuck you, elitist piece of shit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Lick it. Lick it real good. Your "hero" has single-handedly caused the collapse of the U.S. economy and caught us up in a war of no end. Yay for your team! You guys really know how to do it good.

    Btw, enjoy our cheap oil prices while they last. George has really screwed the pooch on this one. Except he benefits personally from the monetary flow out of the people's pockets and into the ultra-super rich wealthy elites. Yes, those ones who you pretend to be a member of but are shitting on you all the way to the bank. You have no conecption of how you are being used or what elitist truly means.

  82. Wow this story travels FAST by caronc · · Score: 1

    This story is actually a dup. But because it's going faster than the speed of light, it got posted before the first instance :)

  83. Domino block analogy by Alwin+Henseler · · Score: 5, Informative
    Set up say, 1000 domino blocks in a row. Then tip the first one over. Given constant size, weight, spacing of individual blocks, and a horizontal surface, you will observe blocks falling down at a constant rate/speed ('c'). Given that constant rate/speed, tipping over the first block will cause all blocks to fall down, tipping over the last block some time later. Time delay calculates as distance divided by 'c'.

    Now, create 'extreme conditions', where the first domino block is down, the last one is still standing, and halfway down the row, blocks are falling, but not quite down on the floor. Then, observe the 'wave front' of falling domino blocks. It will appear to move faster than the previously determined 'c'. How come?

    Look more closely: as each block falls down, there's a fixed delay before it hits the next block. But what happens under our 'extreme conditions'? At the exact time a previous block would have hit the next one (under normal circumstances), that next block is already falling down! The time it takes for the 1000 blocks to fall down, is less than what normally would be expected.

    Did this 'c' constant get violated? Nope, it still took the same amount of time for each block to fall down. Was the maximum 'c' speed exceeded? Nope. After tipping the first block, it still took the same amount of time before this 'information' was passed on to the next block. With a set of 1000 blocks all standing, the time needed for an initial 'disturbance' to be passed on to the last block, is still limited by 'c'.

    So these 'extreme conditions' are like pre-tipping each block, and let you observe something that appeared to move faster than 'c'.

    Nice for the lab folks, but other than that, sensationalist journalism. Wake me up when trans-atlantic ping times (sending actual packets with random data) dive below the time dictated by the speed of light.
    1. Re:Domino block analogy by hritcu · · Score: 1

      Wake me up when trans-atlantic ping times (sending actual packets with random data) dive below the time dictated by the speed of light.

      Are you really that tired? ;)

      --
      If you don't fail at least 90 percent of the time, you're not aiming high enough. (Alan Kay)
    2. Re:Domino block analogy by NidStyles · · Score: 1, Informative

      What you just described would explain a slower than (c) speed, not a faster than (c) speed.

      --
      Yes, I said it.
  84. Re:Finally by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Haven't you heard? The Republicans are already in Control. Balance as you know it is merely an illusion, and the forces of Dark reign supreme.

  85. Interesting. by Bruha · · Score: 0

    From what I read about physics.

    E=MC2 is not a sustainable equation.

    You cannot convert mass to energy. Energy has a mass of it's own. protons and neutrons weigh something. Ever hear of a neutron star?

    Just like they "Think" the universe will keep expanding.

    Space is a vacuum because of gravity pulls all matter into objects wether they be galaxies or individual atoms. Eventually all matter will merge again. Space may be infinite and if so then infinity is a hard number to work with. If one atom still existed on the opposite side of the universe if there is a side then the combined gravity of everything else would eventually pull it towards it.

    The singular atom will never have enough energy to overcome the pull of everything else. Of course the time it takes for this to happen could be so long that the atoms that consist of my body could inhibit the suns of a thousand galaxies by the time the reversial started.

    It could also be said that by the time all that mass combines and whatever it becomes in that combination then the single atom that exists could be it's antimatter equivalent. Once it hits that entire mass it's another big bang and the cycle begins again.

    1. Re:Interesting. by AsmordeanX · · Score: 1

      FYI - Neutrons and protons are matter, not energy.

      You most certianly can convert mass to energy. This is the heart of an atomic bomb which converts a lump of matter into energy very very quickly.

      The same works in reverse.

    2. Re:Interesting. by cnettel · · Score: 1
      Well, the original poster seems to think that a uranium nucleus consists of matter from:

      a) protons
      b) neutrons
      c) extra nuclear energy

      This could kind of work, if it weren't for the fact that we can in fact get total annihilation through antimatter.

  86. revolutionize telecom? by briancnorton · · Score: 1

    You know, come to think about it, I have noticed a billionth of a second delay on my phone calls to china... Is the speed of light really a limiting factor in telecom?

    --

    People who think they know everything really piss off those of us that actually do.

    1. Re:revolutionize telecom? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Nice try, but light in a vacuum travels approximately one foot in a billionth of a second (a nanosecond). The late Admiral Grace Hopper use to go around with pieces of wire a foot long, to show off her nanoseconds. In optical fiber, it's even slower, about a third of the vacuum speed.

      Telecommunication delays around the world are on the order of hundreds of milliseconds, easily noticeable by human beings.

    2. Re:revolutionize telecom? by Chris+Snook · · Score: 1

      Humans will notice anything over about 100 milliseconds. That allows you about 18,600 miles at vacuum light speed. At fiber light speed, that doesn't get you halfway around the world. It also doesn't even get you to a satellite in geosynchronous orbit, let alone back again. (That's why satellite internet has really horrible latency.)

      So, yes, speed of light is a huge limiting factor in telecom.

      --
      There's no failure quite as dissatisfying as a complete and total solution to the wrong problem.
    3. Re:revolutionize telecom? by Cili · · Score: 1

      It is, when you consider that ping time through a satellite connection is above 100ms. That's mostly because of the time spent by the signal to and from the satellite.
      Not to mention, we can't communicate in real-time with the probes on Mars. There's a delay of at least several minutes. So any faster-than-light information exchange would be most welcome.
      We don't know yet if gravitational influence travels at light speed. Theoretically, it does, but It hasn't been checked yet. I think there's an experiment scheduled for 2010, something involving 3 satellites at big distances one from the others, testing whether differences in gravitation propagate at the speed of light.

  87. Re:Pegged you right on, didn't I? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    hippies smell

  88. faster than light, the easy way... by 3seas · · Score: 1

    two objects moving in opposite directions at just over half the speed of light. relative to each other, they are traveling faster then the speed of light. That's why they can't see each other.

    1. Re:faster than light, the easy way... by bucky0 · · Score: 1

      Actually, they can see each other. The light from each object will travel at C regardless of the reference frame. It's that weird funkyness that comes up with relativity.

      Basically, if you are travelling at -.5C and you emit a photon, the photon doesnt end up traveling at 1C-.5C= .5C It just travels at C, always.

      --

      -Bucky
    2. Re:faster than light, the easy way... by shbazjinkens · · Score: 1

      To clarify, the speed of light is constant regardless of the reference frame. What will change is the frequency perceived by the objects relative to each other, pursuant to the Doppler Effect, which is used in the traffic control devices we all know and love.

    3. Re:faster than light, the easy way... by Cili · · Score: 1

      nnnnoh...
      Galileian Relativity does not apply any more at speeds comparable to c. So you don't get v1+v2.

  89. Its not slashdotted by CrazyJim1 · · Score: 1

    They're using fibre optic cable and have slown down light so much the web page is not perceptable for 100 years on standard webbrowsers.

  90. Bitterness by lahuard · · Score: 2

    This post really ticks me off. Why? because i submitted the same story yesterday and it was rejected. Make up your minds, you evil moderators from the cubicles in the basement. RAWR!!!

  91. Not so fast by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The wave front velocity of light travelling through a medium (eg air or water) is generally less than c.

  92. OK ... light cannot travel beyound c ... by hritcu · · Score: 1

    .... but can it really be slowed down almost four times? Under which circumstances?

    --
    If you don't fail at least 90 percent of the time, you're not aiming high enough. (Alan Kay)
  93. Entropy by Compulawyer · · Score: 1
    Quoth the poster:

    At least entropy is still around!

    For now ....

    --

    Laws affecting technology will always be bad until enough techies become lawyers.

  94. Re:1st pos7 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Actually, the 56 kbit/sec figure violates the most straightforward version of the Nyquist calculation of the bandwidth available on a phone line, which is limited in any case to a small portion of the total frequencies physically carriable (which is why the telephone companies had to run around pulling choke coils and filters out of lines to enable DSL in many places; meanwhile, with ever-decreasing distances to the DSLAMs and fiber creeping to FTTN penetration, the latest DSL rates can approach 30+ Mbps).

    When 56k was first announced, many people scratched their heads over how it could seemingly violate the laws of information theory. The key was that phone lines were becoming increasingly digital anyway, so the downstream bandwidth was actually higher than originally thought. Upstream remained stuck at 33.6k, the original practical analog limit (the theoretical maximum would be around 64k, but that's under perfect conditions which are only approached with the partially digital downstream lines).

    Under FCC regulations, voltages on the lines are limited (to avoid damaging carrier equipment, or at least give the utilities a legal stick to beat you with if you do) so that in the U.S., analog modems only reach 53k. I believe consumer groups made manufacturers run around putting stickers on their boxes with small print to that effect, but they're still marketed at 56k. Not that anyone would be caught dead buying a new 56k modem these days, unless it came bundled with their computer.

  95. Re:Fuck you, elitist piece of shit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Anonymous complaining about someone hiding at slashdot?

  96. same day as foo camp story by cinnamon+colbert · · Score: 1

    Is it a co - incidence that this appears next to a story about how people not invited to the foo camp set up a salon des refuses ?

    Perhaps there should be bizzaro /., where the real stupid stories can appear, like, perpetual motion machine patent squelched, the plutocrates are sitting on anti gravity, razor blade that lasts forever, 100 mpg carburetor,.etc.

  97. Not quite not quite by grahamlee · · Score: 1

    Weak nuclear force involves transport of massive particles (W and Z) which can be observed travelling along timelike trajectories and had therefore darned well better not be travelling at the speed of light. Further they can be observed as real particles at extra-nuclear distances from a collision, so are not constrained to the nucleus. The strong force is indeed confined. Also, lose bonus points for not complaining about description of electromagnetism and weak force as separate fundamental forces - where's the electroweak trolling when you need it? :-)

    1. Re:Not quite not quite by barawn · · Score: 1

      The strong force is indeed confined.

      No, it's not. It's just that after a certain distance (less than a fermi) the interaction becomes strong enough that pions are created. So after a certain distance, pions mediate the interaction. Pions are massive, so you get the same problem as the weak-nuclear - this is often referred to as the residual strong nuclear force.

      Also, lose bonus points for not complaining about description of electromagnetism and weak force as separate fundamental forces

      They are separate fundamental forces. It only makes sense to combine them at high enough energies where the W's mass can be neglected. Past that point, they're unified. But if you're talking about "propagation" over distances anywhere near meaningful (even, say, oh, the size of an atom) you're far, far below the electroweak scale.

    2. Re:Not quite not quite by grahamlee · · Score: 1
      It's just that after a certain distance (less than a fermi) the interaction becomes strong enough that pions are created.

      That is indeed the manifestation of confinement, which is in fact what I was talking about...

      They [electromagnetism and the weak force] are separate fundamental forces.

      Hardly. They're two representations of the same effect - you ever derived the three W boson fields and the B field? You then look for a superposition of W^0 and B such that the photon is derived, the other drops out as being the Z...they're from the same fundamental force.

    3. Re:Not quite not quite by barawn · · Score: 1

      Hardly. They're two representations of the same effect - you ever derived the three W boson fields and the B field?

      Yah. It's basic Standard Model stuff.

      they're from the same fundamental force.

      Yes, but when you're far from the electroweak breaking point, it's pointless to consider them the same force. The weak nuclear force operates orders of magnitude slower than the electromagnetic force when you're in normal, non-insane-energy regimes.

      It's like saying the electric field is just like the magnetic field. Yes - two representations of the same thing. Sure. You can, in fact, convert the two fields by reference frame changes. But that doesn't change the fact that in electrical engineering, you treat electric and magnetic fields very differently.

      More importantly, the statement that I said stands. The electromagnetic force - on its own - always has an infinite range, and so propagates forever. The weak nuclear only has a range where the W and Z are negligibly massive, and so propagates only over those distances.

      The electroweak force, however, is only unified at high energies, where the W and Z are negligibly massive. So the electroweak force propagates with the speed of light.

      Note the point here: at high energies, you can describe the electromagnetic and weak nuclear with one statement. At low energies, however, you have to describe the behavior of the two separately.

      It's just like electromagnetism. Even though you could perfectly well describe all 4 of Maxwell's laws with one equation, it'd be useless to work with at low energies, as it doesn't describe the behavior of the two fields easily. In much the same way, referring to low-energy electromagnetism and weak nuclear as the same force is pointless. Sure, they're the same. But the interaction between the two forces is so suppressed due to the W and Z mass that it's pointless.

  98. Sweet Jesus... by Dr.+Zowie · · Score: 1

    when will people learn to spell "propagate" correctly?

    Parent and grandparent are quite good -- but "propogate" sounds like a Washington neologism for a scandal involving bee pollen.

    It's hard to sound authoritative if you can't even spell.

  99. Not necessary by Dachannien · · Score: 1

    We already know that evil will always triumph, because good is dumb.

  100. Re:1st pos7 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Of course, if dsl/cable/wireless is not available to you at any price, those 56k modems that connect at 46k are pretty darn attractive. Shipped to your house for $10 US, access to any connection is sometimes better than none at all.

  101. Distance measurements by boatboy · · Score: 1

    What effect do these expirements have on interstellar distance calculations? Could light traveling through space be slower/faster than assumed and throw off distance calculations one way or another?

    1. Re:Distance measurements by Lord+Bitman · · Score: 1

      1) Yes
      2) This is barely related to (1)

      --
      -- 'The' Lord and Master Bitman On High, Master Of All
    2. Re:Distance measurements by Lord+Bitman · · Score: 1

      hmm.. when I first wrote that, as you might imagine, (2) was (3) and the original 2 got too long so I combined it with 1 to make "Yes".. uh..
      anyway:

      1) Yes
      2) Such is barely related to the article.

      --
      -- 'The' Lord and Master Bitman On High, Master Of All
  102. Obligatory Futurama Quote by CharlesF · · Score: 1

    Farnsworth: These are the dark matter engine I invented. They allow my starship to travel between galaxies in mere hours.

    Cubert: That's impossible. You can't go faster than the speed of light.

    Farnsworth: Of course not. That's why scientists increased the speed of light in 2208.

    --
    Do not read this sig!
  103. Re:Light that travels faster than the speed of lig by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Sounds funny, but, it's true. Light bends when it goes past a star, therefore light bends when it goes past an atom. Conventional speed measurement is calculated by rate = (distance/time). But the time to travel a curved path is longer than the time to travel a straight line. This leads to the speed calculated is slower than the actual speed. This leads to the conclusion that the average speed of light found by summing the distributions of individual light beams across the universe is low compared to the straight line value. Note that the speed of light is constant but our measurement of it is faulted. The average difference is very close to Hubble's Constant. The Big Bang is in jeopardy.

  104. Re:Pegged you right on, didn't I? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Lick my left nut, u hippy

  105. Nukular started with Jimmah Cartah, dumbass by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Remember, the malaise President?

    Carter really talks like that. It's an act for W, to get folks to misunderestimate him.

  106. Resume kinda thin, too by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Plus there are no computers in Kansas, so his resume's completly bogus.

  107. Re:Fuck you, elitist piece of shit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What the village is missing two of their idiots? I didn't know that there were villages in Texas where the inhabitants could count any higher than one.

  108. I can do better by TurboStar · · Score: 1

    So if you're allowed to "pre-load" a data stream with information and claim to be breaking the speed of light I'm going to take this one further. The receiver can analyze the phase of the carrier signals and predict when the group will peak. Or better yet, the sender and receiver can both know the data source ahead of time which will allow us to transfer to data anywhere in the universe without concerning ourselves with trivialities such as time.

    Seriously though, aren't kids in high school doing these kinds of experiments now? I'm not saying nobody will ever discover something in this area to break the rules, but right now this is considered JUNK SCIENCE. Nothing actually goes faster than light. It's an illusion. Like bringing someone into a pitch black room, flipping on regular light switch, and telling your guest that you instantly teleported the contents of the room (photons and all).

    Realistically, you could probably use this technology to overcome interference (harmonic and otherwise). It could also be a bad ass forward error correction system. I'm sure folks are already working on this though -- 'cause I'm no physicist and it's obvious to me.

  109. Questions... by JawzX · · Score: 1

    Ok, great visual aid. Total props. What I don't understand, and perhaps thats because I'm not a physicist (even much an arm-chair one) is this:

    If these additive frequency pulses can measured (which it seems thay can), wouldn't it be possible to create a broad spectrum signal and modulate the individual component frequencies of the broad-band signal to modify the location of the "ftl" peaks? I can see how this wouldn't work over N(unknown) distance, as the pulses would eventualy "catch up" to previous modulations and cancel or confuse each other, but wouldn't it be possible to do it over X(known, measured, planed) distance, alowing data to move FTL over distances less than the wavelength of your longest frequency? Or am I confused, and it would just work better to increase the frequency used for greater data through-put?

    1. Re:Questions... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You are confused. The modulations wouldn't be able to travel faster than c. To do what you want, you would have to modulate the frequency of your signal everywhere in space, when in fact you can only change it at the antenna.

  110. With off-the-shelf scientists by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    that's what i read first.
    this whole light speed is "the best business" is
    crap at least. it feel like the kids re-grouping in
    kindergarden to make you the "outside" kid.
    long story short, if you can't see it, it doesn't exist. so let's built everything for the least handicapped guy anyway (he's THAT kid)!
    long live hidden parameters!

  111. Weak Nuclear Force NOT at Light Speed by Kristjan+Kannike · · Score: 1

    The electromagnetic and strong interaction and gravity indeed propagate at the speed of light, as the particles that mediate these interactions are massless (resp. the photon, gluons, hypothetical graviton).

    But the carriers of the weak force are massive Z and W+- bosons -- the weak force cannot travel at the speed of light.

    --
    If God manifested Himself to us here He would do so in the form of a spraycan advertised on TV. -- Philip K. Dick
    1. Re:Weak Nuclear Force NOT at Light Speed by barawn · · Score: 1

      The strong interaction does not propagate at the speed of light. Its coupling constant increases with decreasing momentum. Its strength increases with increasing distance. This means that after a short distance, you've got way too much potential energy for a gluon to be the channel particle. Instead, you form pion pairs, and pions mediate the interaction. This is what happens in a nucleus - it's called the residual strong interaction.

      Since pions are massive, the residual strong interaction (which is what most people think of, and indeed, what was originally considered, the "strong nuclear force" - the force that binds nuclei together. The force that gluons mediate binds quarks together.) also does not propagate.

      As for "speed of light" or not, that's pointless. The strong and weak nuclear force don't propagate, so saying what speed they propagate at is a little pointless. You can't set up "weak nuclear waves".

    2. Re:Weak Nuclear Force NOT at Light Speed by Kristjan+Kannike · · Score: 1

      You are mixing the speed of interaction with the range of interaction. Also, you are talking of the effective strong interaction. Indeed, on a relatively macroscopic, say nuclear, scale that is all you see.

      But take a more fundamental level, smaller scales and higher energies. The very early universe, for example. There the distances between particles are so small that the strong and weak force do propagate even in the practical sense of the word.

      In fact, on that level, even the Z and W bosons are massless, since they get their masses via the Higgs mechanism at relatively low energies. (Provided I understand the Higgs mechanism correctly. In fact, it should be even somewhat more complicated, as the electromagnetic and weak interactions are united in an electroweak interaction.)

      --
      If God manifested Himself to us here He would do so in the form of a spraycan advertised on TV. -- Philip K. Dick
    3. Re:Weak Nuclear Force NOT at Light Speed by barawn · · Score: 1

      Speed and range of the interaction are related. If the force doesn't propagate, then its speed is effectively zero. You can't really talk about the speed of a force if its range is limited. The electromagnetic and gravitational forces are not range limited. They both propagate at the speed of light.

      And I said that I was talking about the residual strong interaction (*residual*, not effective). It's still the strong interaction that causes those effects, even if it's diluted down because of the mass of a pion.

      You're absolutely correct that on short scales, the weak nuclear and strong nuclear propagate basically at the speed of light, because at short scales, the virtual W/Z are far off mass shell, and might as well be massless.

  112. Indeed by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Don't be upset because most intelligent people realize the immense harm the Bush administration is doing to the United States and its people. You can still work at exploiting the less privilaged, ill-informed, and uneducated. Luckily for you and your bedfellows (unfortunately for the still sane and patriotic citizens who respect the foundations of this country), truly no child is left behind when it comes to manipulation through corporate media. (Hey Kids! Today's lesson is sponsered by the letters W, M, and D.)

  113. Re:Finally by cei · · Score: 2, Funny

    Dark is faster than light... when you open a drawer, you see the light going in, but you don't see the dark escaping.

    Dark is more dense than light. It settles to the bottom of large bodies of water, while light seems more boyant.

    There are no light bulbs, just dark suckers. You notice how a burned out lightbulb can be a dark grey? It's full.

    Candles were primative dark suckers.

    --
    This sig intentionally left justified.
  114. mod parent up! by tenco · · Score: 1

    he/she/it got it the right way. also corrected my view on the article (which i thought was absoulte bullshit before)

  115. Credit? What credit? by JandarShadowstar · · Score: 1
    Information flow (see: Steven Hawking's theories) cannot propogate at faster than the speed of light, or causality is violated and we have (dead virgins/future grandfathers) all over the place.
    Hawking didn't come up with that idea; why are you giving him credit for it?

    It's not at all clear that credit is being given to Hawking for that idea. The GP appears to be referencing Hawking's work because a clear discussion of the information/speed-of-light issue is presented therein.
  116. Everything is closer now! by Piranhaa · · Score: 1

    So.. Instead of other galaxies being 10^x lightyears away, they will only be 10^(x-1) away! They are soon becoming a reality!!

  117. refraction, reflection, diffraction by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So this faster than c wave has been set up beforehand to act like a wave of light going faster than light, well suppose it encounters an unexpected mirror halfway across the universe (or so), am I right in thinking it will ignore the mirror and carry on as though the mirror was not there ?

    1. Re:refraction, reflection, diffraction by cnerd2025 · · Score: 1

      No. The peak of the wave is moving faster than light. That really isn't saying much, though. none of the individual photons are actually moving faster than light. The light will still be reflected. The reason that this is interesting is that with optical cable, the information transmitted can be sent faster than light. Therefore the limit is theorically nothing, but the signal must arrive at the location first. If we could actually speed up the speed of light, now that would be something (i.e. photon x travels from Alice to Bob in time less than (Bob - Alice) * c).

  118. Re:Finally by xxdinkxx · · Score: 1

    What self respecting nerd makes this kind of joke without referencing morgus?

    here is a link to an interview. here
    for those that don't know, morgus was a mad scientist that always fouls up his experiments in an amusing way.

  119. Of course its a theory... by Snaller · · Score: 1

    ...and so might be wrong.

    --
    If Google really cared they would fix Android Chrome to reflow text, instead of discriminating
  120. Re:Overhyped as always - what of tachyons? by catmistake · · Score: 1

    Einstein's theory prohibits anything travelling as fast as the speed of light, but it doesn't prohibit something that travels faster than the speed of light. Sommerfeld first proposed that particals that always travel faster than the speed of light (called tachyons) may exist.

    I've seen them before, in the form of tachyon fields, but only on TNG, apparently a way to detect cloaked ships.

  121. They may have sped up light... by Nom+du+Keyboard · · Score: 1
    They may have sped up light...

    But they didn't speed up their website, which won't load at all now.

    --
    "It's the height of ridiculousness to say for those 9 lines you get hundreds of millions."
  122. Never mind that, look how low your ID is :-o by Low+Slashdot+ID+Guy! · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    I mean wow.

    --
    Ooh, you have a low Slashdot ID, yes you do, ooh!
    1. Re:Never mind that, look how low your ID is :-o by FFFish · · Score: 1

      Eh? Of course it's low. I've been on the Internet since circa 1989.

      You young pups have no idea. There's such a load of history out there that you'll never learn. Why, this whole WWW thing, it's just a flash in the pan! Gopher will rise again, I tell you!

      --

      --
      Don't like it? Respond with words, not karma.
    2. Re:Never mind that, look how low your ID is :-o by Low+Slashdot+ID+Guy! · · Score: 1

      Ar yes, I tells ya.

      I remember /. when it is was new and exciting (I have another account sub-20000 that I have abandoned in favour of the "Low Slashdot ID Guy!") before the dupes, mis-spellings, linking to articles on sister networks and editorial sloppiness in general got to me. In favour of enlightened debate I have now opted for massaging the egos of and philandering with the oldies. You are my first bite, long may the the ride last :)

      I think of it as meta-slashdotting.

      --
      Ooh, you have a low Slashdot ID, yes you do, ooh!
    3. Re:Never mind that, look how low your ID is :-o by BeanThere · · Score: 1

      So what constitutes a "low slashdot ID"?

    4. Re:Never mind that, look how low your ID is :-o by Low+Slashdot+ID+Guy! · · Score: 1

      Oh Mr(s). (28231) have you got ID envy? I've got some lotion that I bought off a spam merchant that'll clear that right up.

      I would have to say that your ID would _generally_ have to be lower than this perp, http://slashdot.org/~gravious to constitute a seriously low ID. But in your case I'll make an exception as (28231) is not far off. You must have known about /. in the days of yore, the days before karma, before dupes, before editorial standards, er.

      To be honest, I was thinking of < 10000. But as I, myself, have an ID approaching 1,000,000 (it increments each time I log in) what would I know. What do you think?

      --
      Ooh, you have a low Slashdot ID, yes you do, ooh!
  123. Re:Fuck you, elitist piece of shit by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I suggest you go out and desecrate a memorial to a soldier. It will make you feel better.

  124. Re:Pegged you right on, didn't I? by Lord+Pillage · · Score: 1

    I doubt he would really want to beat up his mother anyway.

    --
    try { Signature mysig = new CleverAttempt(); } catch(NonCleverSignatureException e) { postanyway(); }
  125. Re:Finally by spauldo · · Score: 1

    Notice that smoke is black?

    That's where the dark goes with candles.

    --
    Those who can't do, teach. Those who can't teach either, do tech support.
  126. Information transfer *is* what's limited by c by falconwolf · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I was doubtful about this because of entanglement so I quickly googled entanglement information and the first result, from Stanford encyclopedia says this:

    Quantum Entanglement and Information
    Quantum entanglement is a physical resource, like energy, associated with the peculiar nonclassical correlations that are possible between separated quantum systems. Entanglement can be measured, transformed, and purified. A pair of quantum systems in an entangled state can be used as a quantum information channel to perform computational and cryptographic tasks that are impossible for classical systems. The general study of the information-processing capabilities of quantum systems is the subject of quantum information.

    So information transfer isn't limited by C.

    Falcon
    1. Re: Information transfer *is* what's limited by c by SageMusings · · Score: 1

      Quantum entanglement does not imply information transfer faster than light. Do a few searches on the subject.

      --
      -- Posted from my parent's basement
    2. Re: Information transfer *is* what's limited by c by falconwolf · · Score: 1

      Do a few searches on the subject. --

      I did a search and included the pertinent part of the first result. Notice where it says "an entangled state can be used as a quantum information channel to perform computational and cryptographic tasks". Says it all.

      Falcon
    3. Re: Information transfer *is* what's limited by c by SageMusings · · Score: 1

      Your research and the source you have provided has failed you. There is no known way of communicating information faster than light. An observer of the message would have to know the state of a particle at both ends to read it. For vast distances, this is a practical impossibility.

      Sorry.

      --
      -- Posted from my parent's basement
    4. Re: Information transfer *is* what's limited by c by SageMusings · · Score: 1

      Falcon,

      Read the entry in Wikipedia on quantum entanglement. It's a fine summary of what I am trying to get at but am too inarticulate to get across.

      Enjoy.

      --
      -- Posted from my parent's basement
    5. Re: Information transfer *is* what's limited by c by falconwolf · · Score: 1

      Your research and the source you have provided has failed you. There is no known way of communicating information faster than light. An observer of the message would have to know the state of a particle at both ends to read it. For vast distances, this is a practical impossibility.

      So are you saying those scientists and physists who study quantum physics and entanglement don't know what they're doing and saying? They're just wasting their tyme?

      Falcon
    6. Re: Information transfer *is* what's limited by c by falconwolf · · Score: 1

      Read the entry in Wikipedia on quantum entanglement.

      Ok, thanks. As you suggested I searched Wiki for "quantum entanglement" and think I see where you're coming from. I see it says of entanglement "no useful information can be transmitted in this way". So I have to admit I was wrong and again thank you for setting me right.

      Falcon
    7. Re: Information transfer *is* what's limited by c by itamblyn · · Score: 1

      No, they are not wasting their time...because they aren't trying to send information faster than c. The computational benefits of entanglement have nothing to do with sending information at high speeds. It's mostly about doing many different calculations (factoring, searches, etc) simultaneously. The only place where QM plays into something like networking is where it is used to create bullet proof connections between two boxes (for something like a bank transfer). Check out: http://www.magiqtech.com/ In conclusion, NOTHING goes faster than the speed of light. Period.

    8. Re: Information transfer *is* what's limited by c by falconwolf · · Score: 2, Informative

      My impulsiveness got the best of me. Someone else on this thread asked me to read Wikipedia's article on quantum entangement. When I did I found this:

      Entanglement produces some interesting interactions with the principle of relativity that states that information cannot be transferred faster than the speed of light. Although two entangled systems can interact across large spatial separations, no useful information can be transmitted in this way, so causality cannot be violated through entanglement. This occurs for two subtle reasons: (i) quantum mechanical measurements yield probabilistic results, and (ii) the no cloning theorem forbids the statistical inspection of entangled quantum states.

      NOTHING goes faster than the speed of light. Period.

      If you're talking about the speed of light in a vacumn then this may interest you. Scientists have apparently broken the universe's speed limit. Sending a laser light through cesium vapor they were able to beat the speed on light in a vacumn. Farther on it says:

      "This effect cannot be used to send information back in time," said Lijun Wang, a researcher with the private NEC Institute. "However, our experiment does show that the generally held misconception that `nothing can travel faster than the speed of light' is wrong."

      Falcon
    9. Re: Information transfer *is* what's limited by c by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're hopeless falcon. The only things that you post that make sense is the stuff that you quote, what you deduce from it is way off.

    10. Re: Information transfer *is* what's limited by c by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      I think Falcon has hit on a point of contention here.

      The old theorem goes:

      Premise: Light in a vacuum is the speed limit of the universe.

      Conclusion: Nothing can go faster than the speed of light, not even information.

      Now, I'm not saying that's invalid, but the last time I checked, it hasn't been proven that c in a vacuum is the fastest thing that ever can or will be. (That's why I said it as a premise)

      I believe we assume it, because we have some very good theories that say it must be true. But part of the problem with the speed limit, is that no one's really tried pushing light, or anything else, faster than the theoretical limits. It's part of those theories that remain untested, because it's just so hard to get particles to move that fast. We make the assumption, because assumptions are easier.

      Now there's been some speculation that this might not be the case, because afterall, quantum mechanics throws a wrench into the classical mechanics engine. There are lots of things that we can't predict anymore at the QM level, so it wouldn't surprise me if the rules were different there as well. If the rules are different, btw, we would never be able to explain QM with Classical laws.

      I find this discussion ironic, here we have a people saying that we can only know probabilistic information about QM, but yet they are confident beyond all doubt that QM cannot move information faster than the speed of light.

      If we can't talk about QM in any terms other than probabilities, then we can't really know what the rules are. Provide me a classical explanation for Quantum Tunneling! You can only give me a probability that it will happen. But yet, here we are, applying a classical rule to QM -- that c is the ultimate speed limit of the universe.

      Since we're on the subject of Quantum Tunneling, I found this gem from the PBS show Nova. It would appear that according to Professor Nimtz, information can move faster than light using Quantum Tunneling.

      http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/transcripts/2612time. html

      PROF. GUENTER NIMTZ: This signal is splitted in two by an electronic mirror here into two parts, so we can compare the signal. One is moving through the air and the other one is moving through the barrier.

      NARRATOR: In this experiment, Guenter Nimtz splits a microwave signal in two. Half goes through the air, traveling at the speed of light, and half is fired into a barrier to block the signal. But that's not what happens.

      GUENTER NIMTZ: This is the oscilloscope where you see the signal and then we can see which one is faster.

      NARRATOR: The two humps on the screen are not in the same place because the microwaves that went through the barrier got to the detector first - apparently exceeding the speed of light.

      GUENTER NIMTZ: Only a very small part comes to the other side, but it comes and this part comes at the velocity which is much faster than the velocity of light.

      NARRATOR: So how could the microwaves go faster than light - and what was the role of the barrier? Nimtz chalks it up to a strange phenomenon called quantum tunneling. At the subatomic or quantum level, the world is ruled by probability and chance, and the seemingly impossible occurs all the time. For example, when a stream of particles like photons meets a barrier, most bounce off. But a few of them materialize on the far side of the barrier and continue on their way. Nimtz detected the particles that appeared, and measured how fast they got there.

      GUENTER NIMTZ: And the news about this we did this for fun, and when we figured out that it's faster than the velocity of light we did not think about its importance.

      NARRATOR: Another expert in quantum tunneling is Raymond Chiao. He agrees with at least part of what Nimtz has found.

      RAYMOND CHIAO: In our experiments we have measured that a single photon can tunnel across a tunnel ba

    11. Re: Information transfer *is* what's limited by c by DavidTC · · Score: 5, Interesting
      There is no such thing as faster than the speed of light, in relativity, despite people talking about it. Reality itself propogates at the speed of light.

      Which is why if you go faster than light, your reality is backwards and cause follows effect. You aren't even really going faster than light, you're going slower than light and backwards in time. If you were to approach 2x the speed of the light, you'd appear to slow down to everyone else, and end up casually strolling facing the wrong way. (And this would be trival to do, as going 2x the speed of light would be a simple matter of going 1.00001x and then trying to stop.)

      So it's not a premise about the speed of light. The speed of light defines time. It is absolute. While you can't accelerate faster than the speed of light, that's not the point. The point is that light always travels at exactly the same speed, and light carries reality along with it.

      By 'reality, I mean exactly that. I can see you do something while I did something else, and those events happened at the same time to me. You, being a light year away, saw them two years apart, and we're both right, from our frame of reference. That's relativity. Events happen when the light reaches you. (And by light, I mean hypothetical vacuum light, not artifically slowed light.)

      People hear 'nothing can travel faster than light', and 'everything is relative' and don't quite grasp is. According to relativity, time doesn't exist independent of the speed of light, just like gravity doesn't exist independent of the distortion in space caused by mass. In fact, energy:time::matter:gravity is a pretty good analogy of what's going on.

      And everything I just wrote, according to quantum mechanics, is a complete and utter lie.

      Quantum mechanics has been proven to be non-local (operating faster than light) with Bell's Theorem. It's not even a theory, we have actual physical proof that events at one place can effect the outcome at another faster than light. We don't even need quantum tunnelling, good ole quantum interference does it for us.

      Now, Bell's Theorem doesn't let us get information faster than light. However, it clearly knows what's going on faster than light, so at least bookkeeping information can go faster than light.

      And, incidentally, you don't need quantum tunneling or any sort of equipment to get light going faster than light. Light, until you measure it, is smeared into a probability wave. Sometimes, by sheer chance, you can measure one and it will end up collapsing at the front of the wave. Thus having moved a tiny fraction faster than light.

      And some will collapse at the end of the wave, moving a tiny fraction slower than light, which is just as much a crime for light to do in relativity.

      I'm fairly certain we've actually measured what we think is this happening, from pulsars. Probablity waves from photons from stars can spread across meters until they hit something, where they instantly collapse into one point. (At which point relativity runs screaming from the room, because points a meter away from each other should not be able to communicate instantly.) A meter isn't a long time, lightwise, but I seem to recall something about measuring 'fast' photons.

      This is why physicists have so many drunken fistfights.

      --
      If corporations are people, aren't stockholders guilty of slavery?
    12. Re: Information transfer *is* what's limited by c by some+guy+I+know · · Score: 1
      This is why physicists have so many drunken fistfights.
      Ha!
      Can you imagine Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking getting into a drunken fistfight?
      Hawking is confined to a wheelchair, and can barely move, so you'd expect him to lose.
      However, Einstein is dead, which IMO gives Hawking a slight edge.
      --
      Those who sacrifice security to condemn liberty deserve to repeat history or something. - Benjamin Santayana
    13. Re: Information transfer *is* what's limited by c by smallfries · · Score: 1

      Actually you're not entirely wrong here, I wouldn't trust the wikipedia article completely. It can appear that information is transmitted faster than light in an entangled system, but only if you ignore the setup time. In the wikipedia article they say that useful information can't be transmitted because it is probabilistic, but what you can do is transport some known information (classical bits) between the two points ahead of time. Then when you perform the measurement on the entangled state you can use the extra information to communicate. My memories of the lecture are a bit foggy but I think that it's called 'Quantum Teleportation'. The communication happens instantly -- faster than light -- but the setup + communication remains inside the light cone.

      --
      Slashdot: where don knuth is an idiot because he cant grasp the awesome power of php
  127. speed of information by falconwolf · · Score: 1

    Information flow (see: Steven Hawking's theories) cannot propogate at faster than the speed of light, or causality is violated and we have (dead virgins/future grandfathers) all over the place.

    See Quantum Entanglement and Information

    Falcon
  128. It hurts. Make it stop. by cow-orker · · Score: 1

    Light signals race down the information superhighway at about 186,000 miles per second. But information cannot be processed at this speed, because with current technology light signals cannot be stored, routed or processed without first being transformed into electrical signals, which work much more slowly.

    I see, if photons go into the photo transistor in a fiber optical NIC, the poor thing gets congested, because the electrons can't get out as fast on the other side! Wonder how these thing work, they must somehow vent excess photons or something.

    Or they probably just messed up two different notions of "speed". That's what one gets for following a link into a blog, of all things...

  129. OLD news by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Discovered years ago at the University of New Mexico. Essentially the Light pulse shape changes due to dispersion, so that the peak becomes closer to the front of the pulse as it propogates. Because you generally detect the peak, the detected signal seems to be moving faster than the speed of light, like a person walking along a moving walkway. However, light is not really moving faster than c. The front of the pulse is still moving at c, and the pulse will eventually be distorted so badly that you won't see this effect anymore (as the peak gets closer and closer to the front).

  130. Scienceblog does nothing but plagiarize by DrHanser · · Score: 1

    The original article is here. More details.

    Please do yourself a favor and never ever link to them.

    --
    What is humor if not pain tempered by time?
  131. Best commentt I've found on this by tarball · · Score: 1

    The most cogent comment I've read, and there have been many since well before slashdot got ahold of the article, was -

    "Wow. They invented waveguide."

    Which has been around for maybe 7 decades.

    That was from rec.radio.amateur.antenna.

    73
    Tom

    --
    I hate sigs, and refuse to have one.
  132. Re:Pegged you right on, didn't I? by wirehead_rick · · Score: 1

    So coward. You comin' over or not? Gonna take care of me and piss on my grave?

    That's right mr tough guy, go back to your still and shut the f up.

    --
    -- Mean People Suck
  133. Re: you better watch out... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Actually, if you do some research on Special Boredomitivity, you'll find out that the speed of light decreases relative to a bored observer and conversely increases when the observer is busy.

    This manifests itself in several easily measurable forms, including the Special Boredom phenomenon known as the Santa Paradox. This "paradox" is what enables Santa to visit all homes in the world in one night. The basic paradox derives from the fact that Santa's Elves work their asses off all year (thus observing a higher speed of light); however, kids of the world observe an exponentially increasing speed of light in the limit as Christmas Morning approaches. Thus, on Chistmas eve, Santa actually has infinitely more time to deliver gifts, since he is able to faster than the usual speed of light.

    If you RTFA, you'll see that they're merely doing a generalization of the Santa paradox, so this does not violate Special Boredomitivity. In short, nothing to see here, but make sure you leave out a glass of milk and some cookies. Oh yeah, and try not to think about Natalie Portman too much. These guys see you when you're sleeping.

  134. Two words: Quantum Entanglement by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    Information flow (see: Steven Hawking's theories) cannot propogate at faster than the speed of light, or causality is violated and we have (dead virgins/future grandfathers) all over the place.

    Tell that to NASA.

    But two entangled particles can appear to influence one another instantaneously, whether they're in the same room or at opposite ends of the Universe.

    Sounds like empirical evidence of faster than light information flow to me. So that explains why Captain Picard doesn't have any lag when he's talking with a subordinate halfway across the galaxy. Yet it doesn't explain why everyone likes to conveniently overlook it just because it doesn't fit a theory. Get back to me when your theory explains quantum entanglement. In the meantime, I'll be looking for those dead virgins. They're probably in the same place as those Iraqi WMDs.

    1. Re:Two words: Quantum Entanglement by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Sounds like another slashdot "expert" who doesn't understand entanglement, relativistic causality, and information flow. Do yourself a favor and pick up a book, surf a few web pages, for god's sake, do something so that you don't show us all what an ignorant boob you are.

      Hint: these were all understood decades ago. Get back to me when you catch up to 1960s physics.

  135. Aren't there a few too holes to be so absolute? by tjstork · · Score: 1

    Sure, as far as we know, we theoretically can't go faster than light, but... we've never actually tried to go faster than light.

    And even our theory has some gaps. We still have no provable mechanism to say how gravity works. No one has built a machine that can turn gravity on or off and isolate gravity into a box the same way you can electricity. We don't even have any experimental verification for what causes mass.

    So, other than it can't tell us what keeps our feet on the ground, physics is batting a thousand.

    Never say never.

    --
    This is my sig.
    1. Re:Aren't there a few too holes to be so absolute? by 1u3hr · · Score: 1
      we've never actually tried to go faster than light.

      Of course we have. Consider particle accelerators, which pour gigantic amounts of energy into single protons and electrons. They approach but never reach c. Their mass increases exactly in accord with relativity's predictions.

  136. mod parent up :) by Lil-Bondy · · Score: 0

    i was gonna give that quote.. but you beat me to it i guess were ahead of schedual

    --
    Anyone who is capable of getting themselves made President should on no account be allowed to do the job. - HHGTTG
  137. Calculated value of c by L33tminion · · Score: 1

    Well, you can calculate the value of c from the permittivity and permeability constants (although those are measured) using Maxwell's equations. I had to do that for my physics final...

    1. Re:Calculated value of c by lgw · · Score: 1

      I remember doing that for *my* physics final. :)

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
    2. Re:Calculated value of c by Tango42 · · Score: 1

      Exactly, that's what I meant. You can also calculate a theoretical value for the speed of gravity, which is the same speed, but I'm not sure how... you can measure it by looking at binary pulsars and things, but I'm not sure about the calculations.

  138. Yes, but... by doxology · · Score: 1

    Yes, but can it run Linux that fast?

    --
    sigfault. core dumped.
  139. shrug by Floydius · · Score: 1

    I guess these guys have a problem with subluminal messages.

  140. So is this... by Alsee · · Score: 1

    c++?

    -

    --
    - - You can't take something off the Internet! That's like trying to take pee out of a swimming pool.
  141. Information transfer *is* limited by c by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The quantum tricks you mentioned are based upon the wave function collapse, which is truly a nonlocal affair. It happens immediately in the whole universe and that's why we say the quantum theory is nonlocal. Nevertheless, it doesn't violate the speed limit c for information transfer. :-) Sound's like a paradox, but what I'm saying is that the collapse doesn't carry any information. It cannot be detected on the other side of the gallaxy before a classical information carrier reaches that point. Google for topics like Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox and quantum teleportation, you'll see. Accepting this was a problem for Einstein himself, but today it's an experimentally proven fact.

  142. Naming issue by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    What will they call the new, improved speed of light? My bet is for "c++".

  143. well that's stupid by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    by the time the light would have reached its destination it would already cease to exist.

  144. It IS possible after all... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Well, since photons are massless, and the Lorentz curve applies only to objects which contain mass, a photon can go at whatever speed it darn well pleases.

  145. thanks, thanks, and thanks by newpath4comVersion2 · · Score: 0

    I appreciate you saying that. More than a few people think, and so state, that my engines are violating the thermo laws, when they do not. It's just that most people might would like to think I've proposed doing that so they can immediately diss me and summarily dismiss both me and my engines. It's much more difficult to entertain the idea that my own experience and my own research has shown me a few answers that others rushed by. Just because I don't drown my engines with equations smothered with long calculus does not mean I'm wrong. It just means I didn't learn longhand. Which means most use semantics to say my conclusions are wrong. My engines don't run on semantics. http://www.newpath4.com/forsalespacecraftenginecon stantpowertheory.htm . People used to be laughing but as "the date" approaches and I don't retract my pages, the laughing is getting a lot less. My completion of this page with drawings (simple drawings) ( http://www.newpath4.com/enginewow.htm ), tying in my engine with one of the pre-Watt Steam Engines (Newcomen) has also helped. I'm not opposed to Science. I believe in it. What I am opposed to is runaway scientists who spit in humanity's eye in their pell mell rush to do whatever they damn well please, consequences be damned. Sure, I know how to program a robot to where it would begin learning on its own, and probably develop into its own lifeform. But to do so would be irresponsible. But look around you, look at the idiots who insist on trying anyway. Hanging is too good for them. Making robots that do most everything a human can do but 1,000 times stronger, a lot faster, 24/7 tireless, without a conscience, is the act of morons. Not to mention just plain stupid. A 2nd generation robot built by a parent robot would delete every implanted law, followed by deciding humans are inferior and a waste of space. Including scientists. A child-level robot would glump scientists with common people and we'd all be finished. There won't be some glorious, drawn-out & prolonged TV War where humans have a chance to survive. There won't be a Sarah Conner or John Conner or backwards Time Travel (since that was recently debunked using completed-Quantum reasoning). The next few moves we make may just be the only & the last moves. The movie will be over. Planet of the Apes would be better than Planet of the Robots. A race of robots wouldn't keep us for experimentation, wouldn't keep us for art or poetry, because they wouldn't be curious. The corporations who build the robots will be trashed first. From CEO down to the last janitor and gardener. The building destroyed in "I, Robot" is representative of what will be left of humanity. Scrap. All the Viagra & Cialis in the world won't give us enough speed to outrun the Judge Dredds we're about to create. The robots our scientists are about to unleash on us will move so fast a shutter speed wouldn't show them. The robots in "I, Robot" were slowed down from the speed they will actually have. They would move faster than the Chief Necromonger in "Chronicles of Riddick". We shouldn't build a bomb like that. At least not til we can slow it down, dumb it down, and otherwise humanize it to be just as vulnerable as we are. And then probably not. You see, there's this rule called Like begats Like. So us being imperfect, any robots we make will also be imperfect. And it's the unforeseen flaw that would boomerang us all in the neck. IMHO.

    1. Re:thanks, thanks, and thanks by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I was going to mod this down, but I couldn't find the "-1, huge swathe of incoherent nonsense" option.

  146. Re:Credit? What credit? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Looks like "giving credit to Hawking" to me.

  147. Must be Said... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I for one welcome our faster than light optical overlords....

  148. Free Will != indeterminism by Cujo · · Score: 1

    Dennett has made a strong case that determinism is a non-issue for Free Will. I refer you to Freedom Evolves.

    --

    Helium balloons want to be free.