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The Los Alamos Bug

Kannappan writes "'You somehow have to forget everything you know about life', says Steen Rasmussen, a colleague of Norman Packard. Packard and his team are working on creating life artificially, nicknamed The Los Alamos bug (pdf). It will be created out of a molecule called Peptide Nucleic Acid(PNA), with a blend of three different factors crucial to life, viz. containment, heredity and metabolism. The researchers believe that the synthetic lives so created will have an enormous practical value in producing clean fuels, healing injured bodies and acting as tiny diagnosticians roaming our bodies."

389 comments

  1. Hmmmm by Yocto+Yotta · · Score: 1, Interesting

    I wonder what latin name this will be christened with? . . .

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    A B A C A B B
    1. Re:Hmmmm by JrbM689 · · Score: 1, Funny

      Goofus maximus

    2. Re:Hmmmm by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      Microsoftus featuris

    3. Re:Hmmmm by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Andromeda, oh nevermind, thought you said Greek.

    4. Re:Hmmmm by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's making the 'out of this world' assumption that they will actually create life, they wont.

    5. Re:Hmmmm by hpavc · · Score: 1

      This is so old, PBS has already reported about it on Nova.

      http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3214/01.ht ml

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  2. Grey... by Private+Taco · · Score: 0, Troll

    ...goo!

    --
    If I could, I'd destroy you all.
    1. Re:Grey... by Joffy · · Score: 1

      So are we all going to die from green goo, grey goo or gray goo?

    2. Re:Grey... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As long as it doesn't give me explosive diarrhea, I'm not really that concerned.

    3. Re:Grey... by utnow · · Score: 1

      we're definatly going to die from Grey Goose.... mmm... delicious clear liquid...

    4. Re:Grey... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A lot of people have died from gay goo already.

  3. PNA? by Punboy · · Score: 3, Funny

    Are there any other lifeforms based on PNA? Why aren't they using DNA?

    Do I just need to RTFA?

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    1. Re:PNA? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      PNA is catalytically active-- you know enzymes. DNA is not. RNA may be(ribozyme), but is rather quickly degraded in the environment, and rather a bitch to work with.

    2. Re:PNA? by caenorhabditas · · Score: 4, Informative

      Normal nucleic acids are composed of sugar, base and phosphate. PNA as described in the article replaces the sugar and phosphate with a peptide (I assume with the R group replaced with the A, T, G or C). The replacement of the sugar-phosphate backbone with a peptide makes the nucleic acid soluble in fat, rather than soluble in water -- the ultimate goal of using PNA rather than DNA or RNA.

      And no, I do not believe there are other life forms based on PNA.

    3. Re:PNA? by JumperCable · · Score: 4, Funny

      They want to lock in all future life into a proprietary format. With current DNA being patented our only hope left is to create our own truly open source life form.

      No word yet on which format Microsoft and Sony intend to back. In related news, Bush is working heavily with Monsanto to ensure that the DMCA is found to be applicable to current life forms. Scientists caught attempting to reverse engineer life should expect to be raided by the FBI by the end of year.

    4. Re:PNA? by CRC'99 · · Score: 1

      Run that past me once again in English?

      --
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    5. Re:PNA? by ozmanjusri · · Score: 1

      Bush is working heavily with Monsanto to ensure that the DMCA is found to be applicable to current life forms.

      I think I got most of that, and I can understand the difference between DNA, RNA and PNA, but does DMCA have a peptide base as well and if so, what does the M stand for?

      --
      "I've got more toys than Teruhisa Kitahara."
    6. Re:PNA? by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1
      In related news, Bush is working heavily with Monsanto to ensure that the DMCA is found to be applicable to current life forms. Scientists caught attempting to reverse engineer life should expect to be raided by the FBI by the end of year.

      In addition, soon any unauthorized reproduction of genetical material will be forbidden. If you want children, you first have to buy a patent license. It has not yet been determined if reproduction of genetic material during normal life cycle will also need a license. The president pointed out the huge advantage this would have in the war on terror: Then the terrorists could be caught when they tried to renew their patent licenses.
      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    7. Re:PNA? by Thomas+Miconi · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Run that past me once again in English?

      OK. "They're fscking cheating"

      They're using PNA because it does fancy stuff "on its own", just because the out of it is soluble in oil, but the inside of it is repelled by oil and prefers water. So it goes up and down according to whether it's "single-stranded" or "two-stranded" (i.e. whether the inside is expopsed or not). You don't need the complex machinery of metabolic reactions which is necessary for "real" life to cut, assemble and move stuff around.

      The whole thing is a fraud, at least if TFA from the New Scientist is an accurate description. Never mind that the genome is essentially random bits of PNA that don't code for any chemical machinery. TFA says that it does influence "metabolism" directly, through electromechanical influence. Wow, that leaves a lot of degrees of freedom for evolution to play with, doesn't it ? (Hint: no, it doesn't). I could mention the utter lack of self-regulation (that thing just grows and divides when it's too big, period), removing the essential computational component of life (wonder what Packard's friend Stuart Kauffman would say about that).

      The worst part is the thermodynamics. Apparently all the reactions that occur within the bug are "downwards", degrading reactions. The bug doesn't relly "build" anything. The miracle of life lies precisely in its self-constructing aspect: life is able to couple downwards, energy-releasing reactions and upwards, constructive reactions so that the former "feed" the latter. Thus living systems really construct themselves. That "bug" just uses hand-tailored, pre-activated, energy-packed components which are fed to it by the experimenter and degrades them according to a carefully hand-defined pathway. Evolution of the inner processes is utterly impossible because, essentially, there is no real "inner process". It's just like fire - a downwards, energy releasing reaction without any self-regulation. .

      If this thing is alive, then so were Sydney Fox' "protocells" from 40 years ago !

      That thing is about as relevant to understanding life as Deep Blue was to understanding intelligence - i.e. it gives a good example of what life is not.

      Thomas.

    8. Re:PNA? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      fscking great post man. you're already at +5 though. kudos anyway

    9. Re:PNA? by bdcrazy · · Score: 2, Funny

      I think they need a QNA session.

      --
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    10. Re:PNA? by vertinox · · Score: 2, Interesting

      That "bug" just uses hand-tailored, pre-activated, energy-packed components which are fed to it by the experimenter and degrades them according to a carefully hand-defined pathway. Evolution of the inner processes is utterly impossible because, essentially, there is no real "inner process". It's just like fire - a downwards, energy releasing reaction without any self-regulation.

      What you just described is a virus.

      Like a fire a virus burns resources without aquiring them. Doens't mean both a virus and fire can get out of control. Take a forest fire or a building burning.

      So real question should be "is a virus alive?"

      --
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      -Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor (1368-1437)
    11. Re:PNA? by bubblewrapgrl · · Score: 1

      I don't know of any other life forms based on PNA. There are some infections diseases (mad-cow disease being the most famous) that have prions - basically self-replicating proteins - instead of DNA or RNA. I'm not sure if PNA acts more like a prion or more like DNA.

    12. Re:PNA? by jotok · · Score: 1

      Excellent criticism!

      But, good luck trying to get the /. crowd (engineers, ITs) to understand complex (biological) systems (nontraditional thermodynamics, emergent complexity, etc.)!

    13. Re:PNA? by IAmTheDave · · Score: 1

      Don't forget to read the EULA before injecting these new little life forms into your body...

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      Making The Bar Project
    14. Re:PNA? by olahaye74 · · Score: 2, Informative

      A virus is not alive.
      Life definition: "Is able to replicate itself".

      A virus is unable to do this; the replication is done by the infected cell.

    15. Re:PNA? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Just pointing out a few things:

      So it goes up and down according to whether it's "single-stranded" or "two-stranded" (i.e. whether the inside is expopsed or not). You don't need the complex machinery of metabolic reactions which is necessary for "real" life to cut, assemble and move stuff around.

      Do you think "real" life began with complex machinery? I don't; complex metabolic reactions were not required then. It seems unlikely that when the first RNA based protobiont was "born" that it didn't have RNA polymerase to go along and replicate it, nor did the first DNA based organism have DNA polymerase sitting there waiting to do its job. One of the benefits of using PNA based genetic material is that, as far as we know, there are no lifeforms on earth based on PNA, therefore a system of reproduction and machinery is lacking. If we can make this thing "live", we can also watch it develop its own system of regulation/replication machinery, which is a very intriguing prospect.

      The whole thing is a fraud, at least if TFA from the New Scientist is an accurate description. Never mind that the genome is essentially random bits of PNA that don't code for any chemical machinery.

      The protein encoding portion of the human genome is now estimated at 3-5%, the rest isn't junk but it doesn't code for proteins, so the notion that the experiment is a fraud because the random bits don't code for proteins, siRNA, ribozymes, etc... is kinda ridiculous. Again, look back at when our genetic material was formed, do you think RNA and DNA just assembled in such a precise order that rRNA genes were formed and transcribed to magically create ribosomes to translate proteins? Again, I doubt it, we're looking at very simple molecules here with PNA, as were most likely to exist when RNA and DNA were evolving.

      My same point applies to the rest of the parent post. The most primitive life did not require anabolic (building-up) reactions to create energy storing molecules, structural components, etc... these are all things which would have evolved far down the road. It is very likely that the first life only had the capability to break down things it picked up from the environment (or fed, as in the experiment in question).

      PNA isn't entirely new, researchers have been utilizing synthetic PNA oligonucleotides for a couple of decades in various experiments, mostly involved with gene silencing. Despite that, PNA is still rather unknown, so I felt this info may be of interest to those of you who are wondering WTF this stuff is.

      • PNA is a synthetic molecule in which the phosphodiester backbone (the outside) of regular DNA and RNA is constructed of repeating peptide linkages like how a protein is structured. It should be noted that this is not a classical protein, as it is not constructed of amino acids, rather synthetic peptides in which the R group is a nucleic acid base.
        • The phosphate backbone of DNA and RNA is quite negatively charged, resulting in charge repulsion by neighboring secondary structure (RNA and DNA are both helical in nature, so you get a stacking repulsion) so there are a limited number of conformations either one can assume. PNA however, is a much more flexible molecule. The peptide backbone is neutral, so conformation is not inhibited by electrostatic forces.
        • Enzymes which cleave, move, replicate, trascribe, or translate DNA and RNA are all specific to DNA and RNA (again because of the backbone), so this fact can be used to the advantage of an investigator.
      • Stability of PNA/DNA and PNA/RNA is greater than DNA/DNA, RNA/DNA, RNA/RNA
        • Anti-gene PNA oligonucleotides can actually _invade_ double-stranded DNA and displace one of the strands, which is of great use to those looking to silence genes (thinking p53, BRCA1 here)

      Well those are my $0.02, and I'm not trying to say that the experiment isn't bunk, because I all I have to go on is

    16. Re:PNA? by DigiShaman · · Score: 1

      A physical virus is much "alive" as a mathmatical virus (such as the kind floating around the internet).

      --
      Life is not for the lazy.
    17. Re:PNA? by Pentagram · · Score: 1

      Ever heard of the mimivirus?

    18. Re:PNA? by ball-lightning · · Score: 1

      So real question should be "is a virus alive?"

      A common argument. Many people do not consider viruses to be alive, since they do not have any metabolic processes. Others say that they are, because they are able to reproduce. In the end, it's just an argument of semantics.

  4. I41 by aapold · · Score: 2, Funny

    cmon, you know you want to bow down before them....

    --
    "Waste not one watt!" - CZ
    1. Re:I41 by Joffy · · Score: 0

      I for one welcome our new Peptic overlords?

  5. Only a matter of time by FlyByPC · · Score: 5, Insightful

    With our increasing knowledge of the mechanics of life, it's a matter of time until somebody succeeds in creating life from scratch. I don't think it's very controversial these days to say that if we don't already have the power to create life in vitro, we someday will.

    For my money, a much more interesting question is, can we create *intelligence* from scratch? Humor aside, I think creating something with recognizable intelligence (not just programming) will be much more difficult -- and have much more profound implications -- than "merely" creating life.

    Such experiments should help narrow down the various factors in the Drake Equation. Life, I suspect, is fairly commonplace. I have no idea if intelligence is.

    --
    Paleotechnologist and connoisseur of pretty shiny things.
    1. Re:Only a matter of time by whogben · · Score: 1

      I don't think intelligence is any more complex a problem than any other part of an organism. We don't have to create intelligence - we have to copycat the system of self-connecting neurons that leads to intelligence.

    2. Re:Only a matter of time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      Our brains limit us to only create something less "intelligent" if we were to do it from scratch.

    3. Re:Only a matter of time by ZachPruckowski · · Score: 3, Interesting

      We are certainly moving towards artificial intelligence. We actually have programs that can write themselves to a limited degree. And so we'll probably have artifical intelligence shortly. But making a new biological species with our level of intelligence sounds tough because of our limited knowledge of the brain.

      I'd recommend you read things by Ray Kurzweil on this topic. In particular, "The Singularity" seems relevant. Apparently there is a short collection of essays by him online, but I don't know if it'll have what you're looking for.

    4. Re:Only a matter of time by MarkRose · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Our brains limit us to only create something less "intelligent" if we were to do it from scratch.

      I disagree. If we can determine the origin of intelligence and the mechanisms by which is works, we could improve upon those mechanisms. Also, it depends what kind of intelligence you a measuring. Math-wise, computers are far more intelligent than the average individual at computation. It's quite possible that we could create a device/organism that's better suited to other areas of intelligence.

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    5. Re:Only a matter of time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I fail to see how i would narrow down factors of the Drake equation.

      Creating any lifetype, from scratch, requires a fair amount of Intelligence as we would gauge it. Thus, the 'creator' would already be listed under the 'Civ. w/ Intel.' variable (to lazy to look up correct Letter in Drake Eq.)

      Shouldn't someone come up wih a 'series' equation for this subject matter??

    6. Re:Only a matter of time by Sheepdot · · Score: 2, Funny

      You're right about the 'humor aside'; it could be argued that intelligence has yet to be created.

    7. Re:Only a matter of time by Signal_Noise · · Score: 0
      a much more interesting question is, can we create *intelligence* from scratch? Humor aside, I think creating something with recognizable intelligence (not just programming) will be much more difficult

      Good question...though I wonder why you state that something programmed can't be intelligent? Sure, we haven't been able to do it so far, but what evidence is there that we can't do it, given a few more years and vast amounts of available processing power? (Moore's Law is mapped out for at least a few more years...it's the economics of it that matters for the moment.)

      Others may say that we don't possess the capability to understand something as intelligent as ourselves. But of course it follows that as technology progresses, the capability of the human mind will become a focus for improvement. By that point, the question is only one of understanding something *less* intelligent than our selves, and improving *that*.

      Better interfaces to computers would allow for computer-aided thought. Picture having any expressed mathematical equation instantly answered. Having your vision analyzed for better information gathering. Time scheduling. Communication. Full-immersion virtual reality training scenarios. Not too far off, one should hope. How long, I ask, will it be before we can accurately stimulate and sense nerves by the thousands, rather than a meager few? That's how long I say, before good virtual reality. After all, it's not the brain that we need to know for that, it's the I/O.

    8. Re:Only a matter of time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No it doesn't.

    9. Re:Only a matter of time by QuantumG · · Score: 1

      Ahh the Drake Equation. Tell me, is it fair to call a star surrounded by a Dyson sphere 'dark matter'? You can't see it.. What's the current estimate for how much of the universe is made up of dark matter? 23% or something right? Hmmm. That's an aweful lot of Mind.

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    10. Re:Only a matter of time by demachina · · Score: 1

      "With our increasing knowledge of the mechanics of life, it's a matter of time until somebody succeeds in creating life from scratch."

      Probably, but I doubt it will be in a U.S. government funded lab. As soon as the religious fundamentalists, who once again dominate the U.S., figure out government scientists are trying to create life without God or screwing this will get shut down. Not sure that would be a bad thing in this case.

      We know just enough about biology and nanotechnology at this point to be really dangerous sometimes. We can do a lot of wonderful things with drugs and biochemistry but we also manage to create a string of unintended consequences and side effects. We create antibiotics to eliminate the scourge of infections but we create superbugs that are increasingly immune to everything. We create Vioxx to ease arthritis but it ends up causing heart attacks and strokes. And the most insidious unintended consequence of our advance in medicine, most people don't appreciate, we have extended our life spans, if you have the money, to the point that we live much longer than we should, we have people living a poor quality of life for decades in their 80's and 90's draining societies resources, and worse we are producing an exploding population. I'm not sure near technology synthesized immortality is such a great thing. There is benefit in the renewal that comes with the old dieing and letting young, fresh people take over.

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      @de_machina
    11. Re:Only a matter of time by hitmark · · Score: 1

      hmm, put a basic bayesian (or wherever its called, that math formula that explains how humans prioritize and do stuff) into action with the ability to create new variables to track and things should become interesting. maybe it can teach itself to speak by having a mic and some speakers allways recording?

      --
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    12. Re:Only a matter of time by FlyByPC · · Score: 1

      What I meant was, knowing how readily life and intelligence can each come about would help pin down two of the least-known variables in the equation. The only other major one remaining at that point would really be the life expectancy of the average technological civilization. (Given intelligence, I don't doubt that technology will eventually follow.)

      --
      Paleotechnologist and connoisseur of pretty shiny things.
    13. Re:Only a matter of time by chicago_bulls · · Score: 1

      "I think creating something with recognizable intelligence (not just programming) will be much more difficult -- and have much more profound implications -- than "merely" creating life."

      sex.

      it's not only difficult, but fun!

    14. Re:Only a matter of time by heinousjay · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Math-wise, computers are far more intelligent than the average individual at computation.

      Maybe you don't realize just how much calculus is involved in walking down stairs.

      The human brain is a computation engine of more power than people understand. It just doesn't happen at a conscious level, so we're not always aware of it. Our brains operate at a level far above raw computational power, which is really all our machines are good at right now.

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    15. Re:Only a matter of time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Our brains limit us to only create something less "intelligent" if we were to do it from scratch.

      Absolutely, and our muscles limit us to only create something less strong if we were to do it from scratch.

    16. Re:Only a matter of time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's pointless anyway.

      The previous poster's point was "that which you create is less perfect than you yourself are"; since you envisioned your creation, and you're more complex than just your ability to create, you are therefor more complex, thus, more perfect.

      It's a lame philosophy/religious/science concept.

    17. Re:Only a matter of time by A.K.A_Magnet · · Score: 1

      sex. it's not only difficult, but fun!

      So you mean like creating an intelligent form to have sex with? Now I don't know what the Christians will say about it, but I guess it would have huge success here on /. ;)

    18. Re:Only a matter of time by chicago_bulls · · Score: 1

      i agree. people constantly underestimate how powerful the brain really is. think about all the stuff it does simultaneously. like when you sit down to eat...you could be getting the food to your mouth, listening to the person across from you blab, checking out the girl sitting across the way, and on, and on and on...
      and we aren't even talking about feelings yet. or health related things like fighting off diseases.

      and think about something like giving birth...the female egg gets a sperm and, nine months later, poof! a completely new and original life is popped out, with no input from the mom except food! i mean, the brain adjusts to supporting another living creature with very few side effects.
      and once the baby is out, the brain is able to recover and basically resume its normal functioning...to accomplish something like that seems to be a little harder than figuring out the root of an equation, at least to me.

      i know people will say "oh, the brain only operates at blah blah blah gigahertz (go ahead, point out my lack of research), computers are already faster and smarter at math,"...

      but if you think about it, they aren't even smarter at math anymore than an abacus is smarter than a human. all they do is count, and even that's just smoke and mirrors using the "AND" and "XOR" operations to simulate addition.

    19. Re:Only a matter of time by errordactyl · · Score: 1

      Intelligence *is* programming without creativity.

      Can we create something that can create/hallucinate/have creativity is the more interesting question. Creativity seems to me to be somewhat based on the ability to hallucinate.

      The topic of the article is interesting from my point because it is a new tool that is an expressional analog of DNA. I.e. it is another basic chemical language. Whether it has the expressiveness and dynamism of DNA remains to be seen.

      --
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    20. Re:Only a matter of time by ShimmyShimmy · · Score: 4, Interesting

      can we create *intelligence* from scratch?

      I think I fundamentally disagree with you in saying that intelligence is hard to create, given life in the first place. At this point in time, science has (almost) undisputedly proved the theory of common descent. I pretty well believe that humans eventually came from single-celled organisms, and so does most of the world.

      So assuming that is true, intelligence more or less created itself, through life, by a glorified trial-and-error system. Although it seems surprising at first, if you consider how many many different orananisms there are (were) at any given time, and how many trials (generations) there have been, it becomes much more down to Earth.

      Actually I think even 'intelligence' today is still a glorified system of trial and error. Think about solving an elementary algebra problem. What's your first intuition (or was when you were learning)? Isolate the variable, etc? Hell no! Trial and error. It's intuitive and doesn't take much mental 'work'. Example: Mary and Sue have a combined age of 15. Mary is 5 years older than Sue. How old is Mary?

      Spit this problem at an average 5th/6th grader and I promise you won't get anything along the lines of x + (x + 5) = 15. You'll just get 3 + 8 = [crossed out], 4 + 9 = [crossed out], 5 + 10 = 15 !! And that's how the problem is solved by a (we'll say) 10 year old.

      Now, I know I don't seem to be really getting at anything big, but consider this: the average 10 year old has solved a LOT of 'problems' in his/her lifetime, from how to balance to stand up, how much food to eat so you aren't hungry anymore but don't throw up... I could go on forever, but I will call one example: pouring.

      Is it hard to pour water from a pitcher into a cup? I'm pretty sure most of you have figured out how to do this reasonably well by now. To do this problem systematically is EXTREMELY difficult. I'll simplify the problem slightly and boil the problem down to two varibles: The height of water in the cup (we'll say % full), and the tilt on the pitcher (an angle between 0 and 180). There is ABSOLUTELY no simple, one-line algebraic equation to solve this one. You can't simply say, when the cup is 100% full, put the angle to zero. You have to correct for how much water is out of the pitcher already and is about to fall into the cup (a time delay), and also the time it takes to move the pitcher from say, 20 degrees to 0 degrees (more time delay). Even better, the flow of the water within the pitcher depends not only on the angular position (zeroth derivative), and the rate and acceleration (first and second derivatives), but also the "jerk" of the pitcher (third derivative of angular position). Wow. That's hard.

      To solve this problem analytically, you would need a lot of math. A LOT. In fact, even more than we know today. Using LaPlace transforms and 3rd order differential equation solvers, this can be done, but even the DE solvers are written in trial-and-error form to some extent. If you've read this far, you're probably asking: What exactly am I getting at?

      YOU ALREADY SOLVED THIS PROBLEM! Ever fill up a cup and not spill? Not bad. Basically, your mind (body?) has already found at least some solution to this problem without you knowing it. You have subconciously short-circuited hundreds of PhD's worth of math with a magic black-box of trial and error. Remember when you were a kid? You tilt the pitcher little and tilt it back. Not enough. You do it again. Not enough. You tilt the pitcher until the cup is full. Crap. Spilled it. Note to self: stop before the cup is full.

      So there you have it. Our 'intelligence' has solved math problems than most college graduates could do (even with Maple) to save their lives. If it works, do it again, and if it doesn't work, do something different. That's all our 'intelligence' is.

      I really don't think this whole 'intelligence' thing is a very novel concept at all.

      --
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      "Well, the bridge didn't fall all the way down!"
    21. Re:Only a matter of time by QuantumG · · Score: 1

      The current path that scientists are taking to create artificial vision is based on the observation a blind person can be made to see light by stimulating the nerve ganglia behind the retina with an electrical current. The nerves behind the retina still function even when the retina has degenerated.

      Note that this is not the same as artificial hearing, where a cochlear implant actually replaces the first few layers of sound processing in the brain. So if the hope is to ever have direct visual input to the brain, we can forget about treatments for the blind. Scientists will be tied up making artificial eyes that interface with the nerve ganglia instead of decoding the image processing pathways in the brain.. meaning the most we can ever hope for is an eletronic eye that can do argumented reality.. i.e., you might as well wear contact lenses with transparent displays in them.

      As for research that doesn't focus on the disabled.. well, that's not very fashionable. Inserting electronics into the brains of healthy people is still considered taboo.

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    22. Re:Only a matter of time by SeventyBang · · Score: 2, Insightful


      Math-wise, computers are far more intelligent than the average individual at computation.


      This is why non-technical people talk about "computer glitches" - as though the computer was dumb enough to screw up.

      Computers may have more speed than the human brain when it comes to math computations (savants aside), but I'd like to see where there's any useful intelligence in what a computer actually does. It's nothing more than a reflection of the coder(s).

      (and it's why I've generally maintained about 95% of the people who do it for a living shouldn't be allowed to)


    23. Re:Only a matter of time by shmlco · · Score: 2, Insightful
      "Maybe you don't realize just how much calculus is involved in walking down stairs."

      Yes, but we don't do "calculus" either. The brain's neural net has learned over the years, mostly by trail and error, which sets of neurons to fire, and in what order, to make walking down the stairs happen.

      Many seemingly complex actions can be created using a few simple rules.

      --
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    24. Re:Only a matter of time by Kergan · · Score: 1

      Assuming you agree that a virus is alive -- which is debatable --, creating life from scratch is old news. A few years ago scientists copied a virus based on an existing virus.

      http://www.usatoday.com/news/science/2003-11-13-ne w-life-usat_x.htm

      And unless I am mistaking, another team created a virus from scratch (as in without a model) earlier this year.

    25. Re:Only a matter of time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Feel free to kill yourself when you get old, then.

    26. Re:Only a matter of time by photon317 · · Score: 2, Interesting


      It is far easier for us to create true intelligence from scratch within a software simulation than in wetware. We can literally run millions of generations of evolution very quickly there, and have very fine-grained control over the natural selection process. If we managed to create intelligence, the first place we'll create it will be in software. We might move on to apply the techniques to wetware and let it evolve a little slower in a little more natural environment, but probably by then SkyNet will already have enslaved us all, and it'll take care of the wetware experiments from there on out.

      --
      11*43+456^2
    27. Re:Only a matter of time by digitalunity · · Score: 2, Insightful

      There is one thing you are failing to see. Immortality has been sought after nearly as long as recorded history has existed. References to immortality occur as early as 2500 BC in the Gilgamesh Epic. Humans are unique in the respect that they have a conscious understanding of their own mortality. Although self-preservation can be observed in the majority of the animal kingdom, there is no evidence that any other species has self-awareness of their own mortality.

      Among humans, self-preservation is probably the strongest behavior. Yet your statements imply that it is unhealthy for society for individuals to live so long, and that a short lifespan is important? I disagree. The fact that couples today have so many children is a cultural problem, but not one that can be solved by preventing technology advancements that extend the time a person can live. If anything, longer lifespans may reduce overpopulation as people realize that they do not have to reproduce at such an early age so as to avoid their own demise before their children have grown to adulthood.

      While I can appreciate the dangers of unfetered technological development, limiting our research to development that falls into a specific and defined set of morals as given to us by religion is counter-productive.

      I guess my point is, it's easy to say longer lifespans aren't good when you are young. When you are older, your opinion may not be the same.

      Death and Immortality(long, philisophical, good history though)

      --
      You can't legislate goodness. Let each to his own destiny, by will of his freely made choices.
    28. Re:Only a matter of time by SteveAyre · · Score: 1

      Proof that our brain's are capable of doing so:
      Idiot_savant

      "Why autistic savants are capable of this sort of astonishing ability is not quite clear. Some savants have obvious neurological abnormalities, but the brains of most such individual savants are anatomically and physiologically normal; at least, there is no abnormality detectable by early 21st century science."

      Perfectly normal brains... so it stands to reason that anyone has the ability but just hasn't tapped into it.

    29. Re:Only a matter of time by Shihar · · Score: 5, Insightful

      And the most insidious unintended consequence of our advance in medicine, most people don't appreciate, we have extended our life spans, if you have the money, to the point that we live much longer than we should, we have people living a poor quality of life for decades in their 80's and 90's draining societies resources, and worse we are producing an exploding population. I'm not sure near technology synthesized immortality is such a great thing. There is benefit in the renewal that comes with the old dieing and letting young, fresh people take over.

      I think you are looking at life expansion from entirely the wrong perspective. First, life expansion does NOT create a population boom. All of the rich western European nation are in a death cycle right now. Their populations are shrinking. Wealth and the ability to live a long time causes people to simply choose to not have as many children. This is an extremely well documented correlation. The US itself would be in a death cycle like Europe if it wasn't for its influx of immigrants.

      Life expansion does not result in a drastically lower standard of living. Being old isn't what makes being old suck. Having your organs fail, your bones become brittle, mental illness, and muscle loss are the reasons why being old is no fun. Fortunately, extending life requires dealing with all of the above. If you have ever watched a National Geographic on a tribe with low life expectancy, you will notice that a 35 year old man looks like an 80 year old American or European. That isn't to suggest that we keep people alive beyond what they would be able to be naturally in the same state, but it isn't right to assume that when people were dying at the age of 40 they were dying looking and feeling like a 40 year old of today.

      More importantly, life expansion these days almost entirely revolves around "solving" old age. If someone was to live to be 200 years old, you can bet that they have 'solved' old age and that 200 year old person probably looks about 30. You simply can't extend peoples' lives much longer without curing the natural degradation that your body suffers as you get older.

      Finally, I think you drastically overlook the social good that old age offers. In a society where people become older and older, you have people building up vast reservoirs of experience and knowledge. The only social ill old age brings is retirement, and as you see people living longer and healthier lives, you are going to see the retirement age kicked out further. I wouldn't be surprised in a decade or two when life expansion hits its next big surge that our way of thinking about retirement gets radically altered. I wouldn't be surprised if one day the normal mode of 'retirement' is to take a few years off from work every decade or two, but never permanently retire.

    30. Re:Only a matter of time by digitalunity · · Score: 1

      /.'s ability to bork even the simplest link is astounding. Death and Immortality(long, philisphical, good history though)

      --
      You can't legislate goodness. Let each to his own destiny, by will of his freely made choices.
    31. Re:Only a matter of time by gfody · · Score: 3, Informative
      --

      bite my glorious golden ass.
    32. Re:Only a matter of time by shmlco · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Let me rephrase that so we don't go off on another tangent.

      Yes, but we don't do calculus to walk down the stairs, even though those actions can be described using calculus.

      --
      Any sect, cult, or religion will legislate its creed into law if it acquires the political power to do so.
    33. Re:Only a matter of time by Famatra · · Score: 2, Insightful

      "Life, I suspect, is fairly commonplace. I have no idea if intelligence is."

      Of course we have an idea if intelligent life is common place out side of our solar system and the answer is: it is not. If it were very common then we would have likely picked up a signal by now if they were within a few hundred light years.

      Why isn't it common place? There are many possible answers, one of them which I think is that it is much easier to destroy then create so any intelligent civilization eventually reaches the point where it is both easy and capable of destroying itself. We are pretty much at that point right now with nuclear weapons, and with advances in life creation as this article suggests killer viruses will eventually be able to be made by anyone with $100 bucks in equipment in their home.

      Is everyone in the world sane enough not to create this virus shit and kill everyone? I dont think so in the long run ;).

    34. Re:Only a matter of time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      huh? The brain doesn't do much during a rpegancy other than what it usually does. It's all done by rather rudimentary processes in the body, brain dead women can succesfully complete a pregnancy for example.

    35. Re:Only a matter of time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, computers are better at computation but put something new in front of them and just watch the dumb bastards drool at it. Humans are far more intelligent, computers are just computational work horses. Man cannot create intelligence from scratch they have to build on what's already there. If Paul Graham were here, he'd say they used Duplo(tm) to create intelligence. Like getting some leaves and a tree stump, glue them together and you got yourself a tree, but they never really made a tree.

    36. Re:Only a matter of time by Rakishi · · Score: 1

      Sure we have the ability, granted to use it you need to sacrifice other functions. That is how the brain works; consider it akin to a computer with a full hard drive. Sure you it can in theory run any program however doing so will require removing an existing program. A better analogy would be a FPGA, sure it can do anything however the amount of circuitry you can program onto it at one time is limited.

      The brain is quite flexible, within limits (response time of a computer can be much faster for example); however it works by hard wiring itself to perform certain actions. Changing the way it is wired is a) not easy (happens in children more easily but becomes harder with age) and b) will cause side-effects.

    37. Re:Only a matter of time by seabreezemm · · Score: 1

      The only problem is we aren't intelligent enough to know not to create life from scratch at this point. All we need is a super predator evolving from a vile of ooze. Every time we play god we end up getting shown just how little we really know about what we are doing as a species. No, I'm not trolling, just an observation of historical facts to this point.

      --
      Karma: a simple way of silencing those with unpopular views regardless how correct or just that view might be.
    38. Re:Only a matter of time by localman · · Score: 5, Insightful

      We are certainly moving towards artificial intelligence. We actually have programs that can write themselves to a limited degree. And so we'll probably have artifical intelligence shortly.

      Care to take a bet on that? :)

      I don't believe there is anything magical about the brain, and I believe it can be reproduced in a man-made form. But I think it is far far more complex than we yet realize. Even the most advanced neural nets of today are nowheres near the level of complexity of even a rodent brain. And I'm not just talking about the number of neurons. I'm talking about the secondary effects -- the self-organizing nature of the brain, and how different parts, with slightly different layouts are used for vastly different processing tasks. We're still a long ways off. If I had to guess I'd say not within the next 50 years. Perhaps much longer.

      And I don't believe that we'll achieve intelligence through direct programming, even through self modifying programs. If you can look at the low level and tell what's happening at the top level (like with a program) then it's far to simple to encode intelligence. Intelligence requires layers of meaning.

      Nonetheless, an interesting topic.

      Cheers.

    39. Re:Only a matter of time by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      Sure you can. It radiates as much power in the infrared as the star does total. Otherwise Mind gets cooked. Like those old "this is your brain on drugs" commercials where they drop an egg in the frying pan.

    40. Re:Only a matter of time by gfody · · Score: 1

      I don't believe there is anything magical about the brain, and I believe it can be reproduced in a man-made form. But I think it is far far more complex than we yet realize.

      Oh we realize how complex it is. All the computers on the planet combined would still not have enough transistors to emulate a single brain's quadrillion synapses!

      However, creating a virtual analog self organizing neural network with as much or more capacity as a human brain is technically feasible with today's technology. It's the cognitive programming of the brain which must be reverse engineered, and let me tell ya, God wrote some pretty ugly code! I just submitted a 3000 line else-if ladder to the daily WTF.. you'd think GOD of all people would know how to use a case statement.

      --

      bite my glorious golden ass.
    41. Re:Only a matter of time by FireFury03 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      it is not. If it were very common then we would have likely picked up a signal by now if they were within a few hundred light years.

      First of all you should remember that you can't use the absence of evidence to disprove something (only to show that it may be less likely). Second, you hit it right on the head when you said "we would have likely picked up a signal.

      Whether we're going to pick up a signal depends on a lot of factors. For example: how common is common? the universe is a *big* place, even if there are a reasonable number of civilisations in our galaxy they could be spaced quite thinly. What makes us so sure a civilisation is going to use radio (at the moment)? We have only been transmitting radio signals capable of being detected at interstellar distances for a very short time when compared to the scale of evolution and there's no guarantees how long we will keep using radio - if we find a better method of communication we'll ditch radio in favor of it. Even assuming we stick with radio signalling for 1000 years, that's still a _really_ short window of opportunity.

    42. Re:Only a matter of time by QuantumG · · Score: 1

      The whole point of a Dyson sphere is to absorb all that energy for [random project enjoyed by superbeings].

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    43. Re:Only a matter of time by gfody · · Score: 1

      YOU ALREADY SOLVED THIS PROBLEM!

      no I didn't. The problem you described was to pour water with mathematically perfect precision. When I pour it's not perfect. If my brain really did all that math you described I would never spill a drop and I could confidently fill glass after glass with the same exact amount of water from the same pitcher.

      Nope, thats not what my brain does. The "black box of trial and error" solves the problem with enough precision to be practical and that's where it stops. For all intents and purposes (pouring water from a pitcher) you could consider it solved. But mathematically my brain's solution is a cludgy estimation based on all sorts of hacked together data points like looking at the stream of water at the spout, feeling the weight of the pitcher and the weight of the glass, etc.

      --

      bite my glorious golden ass.
    44. Re:Only a matter of time by Hado · · Score: 2, Interesting
      First, define intelligence for me. I dare say there is not much more to our own supposed intelligence than can be accomplished with programming. Of course, I do not mean the rule based AI-like systems used for instance in games and most industrial applications. I mean self organising and/or learning systems powered with algorithms like Reinforcement Learning and/or Neural Networks. I have myself programmed such algorithms to find solutions on tasks I would have never been able to find. Usually these tasks are control based, but hierarchically extending them, you can find solutions for arbitrarily hard problems, including - I believe - the problem of living.

      Another question is whether we want to do that. Will it increase overall human happiness?

    45. Re:Only a matter of time by bhiestand · · Score: 1
      Every time we play god we end up getting shown just how little we really know about what we are doing as a species. No, I'm not trolling, just an observation of historical facts to this point.

      Facts. Riiiight....

      So the last time we "played God" was?

      Nevermind, I remember, everytime we expand our horizons technologically, scientifically, or really in any other way not sanctioned by the currently standing religion we're "Playing God". Astrology? Yup, playing God. Same thing with fortunetelling. Remember the disastrous effects that had? We literally had to shove the demons back inside the earth and bury them with GIANT LANDFILLS! But then trash disposal should've been the work of God too, right? And look how terribly we fucked all of that up. I mean I'm sure some landfill somewhere is poisoning some water supply and killing people, and that's playing god too! 'Cause that's God's job to kill people. Man isn't allowed to do that, only God.

      Now we've got all these people going around, playing god by using condoms, by FLYING, by observing stars, trying to figure out all sorts of physics, math, and biology problems... What the fuck are these people thinking!? Don't they know that everytime somebody accuses you of playing god it'll be because something bad happened?!

      Every time you do something you're Playing God (TM). Every time something bad happens, you're DEFINITELY Playing God When Only HE Should Do That (TM).

      I think what I'm trying to say is, your argument is bullshit. First, you have to prove that God exists. Then you have to prove what God did or didn't do and establish his job description based on sketchy records (at best). Unless you're claiming that everything done by Man is inadvertenly done by God. But, if you claim that, you'll have to say that these scientists are doing God's work for him. You might also have to admit that, if that's true, He's a lazy God and His job could easily be outsourced. But then if they're not doing God's work, but God does exist, whose work are they doing? You could bring up the devil, but that argument just doesn't make a lot of sense. And isn't apocalypse supposed to be a part of God's grand master plan? So, even if they're bringing about the apocalypse, they're still doing The Lord's Work, right? Because that's His plan! Of course you could blame the devil, but that one's already been used against every scholar living in a theocracy. It's rather unoriginal, and will cause any logical person to just ignore you.
      --
      SWM seeks new sig for a brief fling
    46. Re:Only a matter of time by vikks · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Note to grandparent: resource drain is created by uncontrolled growth of human greed, not by growth of human race. With today's technologies it is possible to feed all humans on earth. Resources are not enough however for everyone to own SUV and a house.


      More importantly, life expansion these days almost entirely revolves around "solving" old age.


      It had always been that way, not just these days. Yogis are doing just that for many thousand years. And without any technology whatsoever. It's all in one's mind.

      In a society where people become older and older, you have people building up vast reservoirs of experience and knowledge.


      Well, it should be like this - in theory. Now imagine a slashdotter 50 years from now. He's been reading slashdot since teen years, his main source of information is TV, of which he prefers simpsons (or something like this), and from national geographic channel he finds out, that leaves of tree in autumn are supposed to be yellow. [It is known fact that many people who live their whole lives in big cities (New York, etc.) have never seen stars - smog covers sky at all times.] Now tell me - just how much wisdom and what kind of experience you could get from such person? Pop-culture is named like this because it is popular, not because it brings wisdom.


      So my statement is - people are misusing their lives and wasting time for nonsense. As long as this is true, letting them do it for longer will only make matters worse. And yes - wisdom is more important than knowledge.

      --
      Digital is an exercise in precision, while analog was an exercise in controlled chaos.
      [ digitalFAQ.com ]
    47. Re:Only a matter of time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      Fighting off a virus is a function of the immune system. (The "disease fighting" subroutine contained in DNA and executed by those little protein producing computing engines contained in every cells of the human body.) These biological computing engines are remarkably like modern computers as they have a big/slow NVRAM with a stored program (DNA), caches, parallel execution units, etc. And actually, I have stated this backward: modern computers are remarkably similar to these biological computing engines. (The idea being we build in our own image. Presumably at the subconscious level as we didn't have a particularly good idea what was going on inside the cells of our body when computer architecture was taking shape.)

      Same deal with reproduction. Again you have this stored program in DNA. Only instead of running the "disease fighting" subroutine, the "new life building" subroutines are being executed. The part about "no input from mom" (brain) is about right. But this "new life building" factory is certainly consuming an abnormal amount of resources and moms brain is thinking "damn I'm hungy...must eat more junk food."

      Motor control (stuffing food into your mouth while seated balanced at the table), visual processing (looking at girls...or guys in the case of pregnant mom) and aural processing (listening to music or mindless blabber), regulating your heart rate, abstract thinking, etc. that stuff is your brain at work. And unlike the DNA subroutine executing cells of the body, the brain doesn't seem to operate much like our modern computer architecture. However, I think it is reasonable to assume that as we were successful in building stored program computers which are at least conceptually similar in operation to human cells that we will one day (perhaps not too far from now) "untangle" the wiring inside the human brain and in so doing create "intelligent" machines.

      I don't think anyone is underestimating how powerful the brain is. You have probably seen this factoid thrown out here on Slashdot before but it is estimated that the human brain has equivalent computational capacity of something like 1 PFLOP seconf. (That's one quadrillion floating point operations performed per second.) We don't have computers like that today (we have a few big parallel machines in the TFLOP range) but apparently now that the Earth Simulator has been knocked from the top spot the Japanese are talking about building a computer in the PFLOP range. So with any luck, by the time we figure out how to untangle the wiring inside the human brain we will have a really fast stored program computer available to run AI simulations to check that we got it right.

    48. Re:Only a matter of time by gr84b8 · · Score: 1
      Our brains limit us to only create something less "intelligent" if we were to do it from scratch.

      I don't want to start a religious battle, but his sounds like a canned version of the argument for 'Intelligent Design', or 'ID', which argues (generally, obviously there is great detail) that beings as complex as Humans must be designed to become that way and could not come from randomness (at least in the given timeframe). I personally have read the literature on ID and do not find this argument very compelling.
      We've all seen 'evolutionary agorithms' (genetic programming), and they certainly allow for software to come up with solutions that I (the software developer) could not have, or would not have, come up with, in a short amount of time. This is especially the case where the metrics for children surviving are easy to quantify (as one might argue they are in the real world - with death).
    49. Re:Only a matter of time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "This isn't bullshit, this is a Pershing missile Chip."

      "Chet. My name is Chet. And I didn't think it was a whale's dick, honey."

    50. Re:Only a matter of time by Harodotus · · Score: 2, Funny
      but probably by then SkyNet will already have enslaved us all

      Oh come on, as a California resident, we've seriously mitigated this risk by electing as Governor Humanity's protector from Terminator 2 and 3...

      --
      Its not users who are broken, it's systems not taking account their likely behaviour and fixing it technically.
    51. Re:Only a matter of time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I hope people who don't appreciate longevity, will die out sooner than later.

    52. Re:Only a matter of time by mrogers · · Score: 1

      It wouldn't be as dark as the background, just darker than a star... well, assuming the background isn't entirely made of Dyson spheres too...

    53. Re:Only a matter of time by seabreezemm · · Score: 1

      Congratulations, you are the biggest ignorant idiot that has ever responded to one of my post. Do try and get some basics of education before you respond to matters of which you lack anything in the way of knowledge of. My original post wasn't an enforcement of theology but rather a statement about the tunnel vision of the scientific community and the fact many in that community can't seem to think before they act in matters that have extreme consequences for all of mankind. Often it is forgotten that just because you can do something doesn't mean you should. I have earned the right to make this statement due to being part of that community for over twenty years and having seen more than a few experiments that served no purpose for the advancement of mankind or the understanding of the world in which we live. Here is but one set of examples: http://www.google.com/search?q=medical+experiments +gone+awry&sourceid=mozilla-search&start=0&start=0 &ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozill a:en-US:official

      --
      Karma: a simple way of silencing those with unpopular views regardless how correct or just that view might be.
    54. Re:Only a matter of time by johnnyb · · Score: 0

      "I don't believe there is anything magical about the brain, and I believe it can be reproduced in a man-made form. But I think it is far far more complex than we yet realize."

      So do you think that choice is reducible to material mechanisms? If so, how would "choice" come about at all? If choice is reducible to material mechanisms, it is not choice at all. If choice is a fact of life, and choice is not reducible to material mechanisms, then in fact there is something "magical" about the brain, or at least the mind. If choice is not a fact of life, then I have no control over whether or not I write this message.

    55. Re:Only a matter of time by johnnyb · · Score: 0

      "With our increasing knowledge of the mechanics of life, it's a matter of time until somebody succeeds in creating life from scratch."

      Maybe, but it depends on how life is defined.

      "For my money, a much more interesting question is, can we create *intelligence* from scratch?"

      Instead of intelligence, the more interesting question is can we impart the ability to make choices on material matter?

    56. Re:Only a matter of time by bhiestand · · Score: 1
      I see. So the connection is:

      "creating simple life forms" = "brutal experiments on animals" = "brutal experiments on people" = "holocaust" = "apocalypse"

      Gotcha. You have proven my ignorance. Now let's return to the personal insults since you're so keen on them.

      Congratulations, you are the biggest ignorant idiot that has ever responded to one of my post. Do try and get some basics of education before you respond to matters of which you lack anything in the way of knowledge of.

      You're putting way too much effort into this whole "eloquence" thing. Using a thesaurus and decent grammar might help.

      Unless you're telling me you were part of the medical experiments in the holocaust (but then that'd be a lot longer than 20 years now) I have to question your claim of "being in that community". I haven't seen a single hint of any logic or specific examples of experiments in your post. Having read all of your previous posts, I haven't read a single logical statement, nor have I seen any technical details to back up any of your claims. You appear to be a fearmonger giganticus, constantly spouting that every "scientific experiment is going to bring the world to an end". Gotta love direct quotes! I have serious doubts about you working in any science-related field, except for maybe in holistic medicine. Not that I'm saying holistic medicine is science; they're just related in the same way life and death are. If your profession DOES have anything to do with this community, my guess would be that you're part of some non-profit like PETA or Earth First!, or, even worse, one of the churches, which opposes almost all scientific experiment on "moral" grounds.

      Scientists are extremely good at seeing the future, you're simply upset that they don't see it in the same way as you. All those good things you have: the medicine, the technology, that nifty computer, your realistic ejaculating buttplug - they're all because scientists sat down and said "You know, if we can figure out how to do this, then we could do this and have that!" and, hallelujah, those nifty scientific advances and products came around a while later! It's really amazing how those scientists could make such gigantic strides in the improvement of the quality of living of mankind when they can't even see five feet in front of their noses, let alone the result of their actions!

      All of your previous posts appear to be either blatant trolling, promotion of christianity and judgement upon others, or unfounded claims about how science is going to destroy the world.

      I'm pleased that an enlightened person such as yourself would call me the biggest ignorant idiot to ever respond to one of your post(sic) . Now why don't you go back to asking your congressman to stop these terrible scientists before they discover your kind is wrong about something else? Or you could start posting meaningful posts, filled with details that people in various nerd communities could use to, oh, I don't know, actually help them in making the world a better place for chum like you?
      --
      SWM seeks new sig for a brief fling
    57. Re:Only a matter of time by maxpublic · · Score: 1

      If so, how would "choice" come about at all?

      Simply because the mind arises from ultimately understandable biological mechanisms doesn't make the mind mechanistic in nature. You're working from an implied assumption that has no basis in fact, nor which follows automatically from the idea that the process of thought can indeed be understood at all levels.

      If choice is reducible to material mechanisms, it is not choice at all.

      That's the assumption I'm talking about. B doesn't necessarily follow from A; you're just making a leap of faith as if that had to be the case, and no alternative explanation is allowed.

      then in fact there is something "magical" about the brain, or at least the mind.

      No magic required, any more than some mystical "spark of life" is needed in order to jump-start a living cell. The mechanisms of the cell are understandable; this doesn't mean the cell is any less 'alive' than it was before these mechanisms started yielding up their secrets to science.

      The brain is certainly fully understandable, given enough time and advancement in the sciences. Understanding the brain and how conscious thought evolved doesn't make that thought mechanistic; it doesn't strip us of self-awareness or choice. It'll only show us how these things arose in the first place.

      Max

      --
      My god carries a hammer. Your god died nailed to a tree. Any questions?
    58. Re:Only a matter of time by johnnyb · · Score: 0

      "you're just making a leap of faith as if that had to be the case, and no alternative explanation is allowed."

      Actually it sounds like you're basically agreeing with me.

      It all depends on what you mean by "the idea that the process of thought can indeed be understood at all levels."

      If this means that you can form a fully predictive model given perfect data and perfect knowledge of processes, then you have undermined choice. If it simply means that you know where in the process that choice comes in, then I think we're in agreement.

    59. Re:Only a matter of time by maxpublic · · Score: 1

      we have extended our life spans, if you have the money, to the point that we live much longer than we should

      I don't know where you get the "should" part. There is no universal mandate on how long any one person "should" live.

      Aside from which, if you want to live a 'natural' lifespan in much the way our ancestors have for the last couple of million years, that would be somewhere between 30 and 35 years of age. Our distant hunter-gatherer relatives had a hard life and rarely made it past that age. And no, this wasn't simply due to accidents and diseases; they also aged prematurely, although to them this wasn't premature at all. Human beings wear out much, much faster when you have no medical care, little protection from the elements, starvation one out of every three years, etc. In fact, you can see just this sort of thing in very poor areas of the Third World today, if you're so inclined. It's a nasty little horror show, when all is said and done.

      I'm not sure near technology synthesized immortality is such a great thing.

      It would be even worse if the self-appointed morally superior among us decided that we'd all be condemned to die via old age simply because they thought immortality wasn't something anyone deserved. If practical immortality were developed and certain power groups tried to keep it from the general population you'd have bloody revolution overnight. Essentially you'd be telling them "we like the status quo, we like things just the way they are, and in order to maintain the status quo we've decided to sentence you to death".

      That wouldn't go over so well with the vast majority of the human race. It'd boil down to a choice between the possibility of dying during the course of a revolution to destroy all those sick egomaniacal motherfuckers who're trying to keep immortality from the rest of us, and the absolute certainty of dying if those nasty twats aren't put up against a wall and shot. That's pretty much a no-brainer.

      There is benefit in the renewal that comes with the old dieing and letting young, fresh people take over.

      Something only someone "young and fresh" could say with a straight face. In case you haven't noticed (and you probably haven't, if you're young), youth doesn't confer any special benefits, nor wisdom, nor insight. In fact, the phrase "young and stupid" pretty much is a defining quality for those under the age of 30, if only because it takes so bloody long for human beings (at least male human beings) to mature. The young are often foolish, arrogant, self-involved, and possessed of the idea that they're far more important than they actually are. They also seem to be compelled to announce the fact that they're alive to the entire world, time and time again, as if somehow that were a special piece of knowledge (e.g., the pricks who jack up their car stereo systems so you can hear their shitty rap music a block away).

      Immortality would be a blessing, I think, because the number of young in relation to the rest of the population would decline dramatically.

      Max

      --
      My god carries a hammer. Your god died nailed to a tree. Any questions?
    60. Re:Only a matter of time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Math-wise, computers are far more intelligent than the average individual at computation.

      And memory-wise, books are far more intelligent than the average individual at remembering stuff.

      How many more beads must I add to my abacus before it becomes self-aware?

    61. Re:Only a matter of time by Rude+Turnip · · Score: 1

      Don't knock it man, it was the best prom night ever!

    62. Re:Only a matter of time by maxpublic · · Score: 1

      The whole signalling thing is a red herring anyway.

      Even if intelligent life were rare, over the entire history of the galaxy it stands to reason that at least one such life form enamored of oxygen-based planets would've managed to master instellar travel. Once that occurs and colonies are established, even massive local disasters would be incapable of wiping out the civilization as a whole. The colonies would grow, and in turn establish their own colonies, and so forth. Whether it takes one million years or ten million years such a race would eventually end up occupying every suitable planet within the entire galaxy, and since there's absolutely no reason to believe that their technology would suddenly stagnate, they'd probably end up terraforming quite a few other not-so-suitable planets as well.

      That means that Earth would eventually be colonized as well - but it hasn't been. And since Earth is a late-comer in terms of galactic affairs (the sun being young in comparison to many G-class stars that have come before and long since burned out) they would've shown up here long, long before mammals even evolved, much less worked their way up to human beings. It simply doesn't make any sense that they'd colonize OTHER planets, but leave Earth alone. Earth simply isn't special, if life isn't a precious commodity, and if it were then Earth would be even higher on the 'must-colonize' list.

      And yet here we are, and here they aren't. No one has colonized Earth. Logically that means that no one's been in a position to try. Which means that while life might be ubiquitous across the galaxy, intelligent life might actually be unique - at least in the Milky Way. Or so very, very rare that previous attempts have ended in abject failure.

      Max

      --
      My god carries a hammer. Your god died nailed to a tree. Any questions?
    63. Re:Only a matter of time by Shihar · · Score: 1

      I>Well, it should be like this - in theory. Now imagine a slashdotter 50 years from now. He's been reading slashdot since teen years, his main source of information is TV, of which he prefers simpsons (or something like this), and from national geographic channel he finds out, that leaves of tree in autumn are supposed to be yellow. [It is known fact that many people who live their whole lives in big cities (New York, etc.) have never seen stars - smog covers sky at all times.] Now tell me - just how much wisdom and what kind of experience you could get from such person? Pop-culture is named like this because it is popular, not because it brings wisdom.

      I wasn't talking about the 'wisdom' gained from watching 200 years worth of TV. I was talking about very real and very practical benefits of having been around for a while. If I knew I was going to live 200+ years, I would go back to school every 50 or so years. I would start to accumulate vast reservoirs of knowledge. I would have worked in dozens of companies by the time I was 100. In addition to another degree or three, I would have decades of experience working in one field or another. On top of that, I would have decades of experience simply dealing with and managing people. A 150 year old man (or woman) still in the prime of their health with such experience would be an invaluable asset to society.

      There will also be 200 year old scientist with the foresight to set their research goals to span centuries. There will likely be people much more active in politics who are not politicians by trade because they have the time to build a reserve of wealth large enough to run for office and have the practical wisdom that a centenary or two of living brings.

      Will there be 200 year old pop culture addicted burger flippers? Probably, but that is just how society is. Not everyone aspires to be a scientist, engineering, doctor, or something of that nature. Of course, a 200 year old burger flipper might very well decide that he has had enough and get an education. Further, I would hope that after 200 years of burger flipping such a person would find a way to climb up the ladder a little maybe snag a management position. 200 years is a pretty damn long time to do the same thing and never learn anything.

    64. Re:Only a matter of time by saider · · Score: 1

      Math-wise, computers are far more intelligent than the average individual at computation.

      Computers are much more accurate at doing computations, but they cannot do anything that a human has not designed it to do. A CPU cannot add without the adder circuit designed by a human. It cannot compute the trajectory to Mars without the program that the human has written.

      What they can do is perform the functions in a fraction of the time and do it with great accuracy. This is the function of a machine. But designing the machine and the algorithms is the role of intelligence.

      In other words, don't confuse accuracy and speed with intelligence.

      --


      Remember, You are unique...just like everyone else.
    65. Re:Only a matter of time by bazio · · Score: 1

      Amen. Also, gp assumes that we have one brain working to build an artificial brain, but that's not the case. Even if I agreed with the stipulation that a mind can only build something less complex than itself (which I don't), you have to take into account the "networking" of several minds, and the fact that our minds are able to imagine and conceive of things outside the current realm of reality. The fact that we are discussing whether or not we can create an intelligence equal to (or greater than) our own is, to me, a pretty convincing argument that we just might be able to.

      --
      Set the bar high, then bring a tall ladder.
    66. Re:Only a matter of time by drooling-dog · · Score: 1
      Finally, I think you drastically overlook the social good that old age offers.

      In the big picture there are important downsides as well, and that is why just about every species we know of has a genetically-programmed characteristic lifespan. We don't die of old age because our systems "wear out" like a machine. We die of old age because if we didn't, we would never have evolved to the point where we are now. Evolution is nature's solution to an optimization problem (that of survival, adaptation, and propagation), and it simply does not work as efficiently when individuals continue to live for too many (or too few) generations after they have procreated. One reason for that is that the young must compete with their ancestors for resources, reducing their own chances for survival and procreation at the point where the negative effects of this competition begin to outweigh the benefits (cultural transmission of knowledge, etc.) of having a lot of very old people around. Another problem is that the species as a whole will not be able to adapt as well to changing conditions if there is a lot of intergenerational breeding going on (which, at my age, I would admittedly welcome!).

      The bottom line is that if you have two species competing with each other, where one is essentially "immortal" and the other is genetically limited in lifespan to some appropriate multiple of the generation period, the smart money will be on the latter species to ultimately dominate, especially if there are survival bottlenecks that require rapid adaptation.

      Now in the human case, much of our evolution happens on the scale of populations and cultures, and is driven by the competition between them. Modern civilization is a recent phenomenon, and so you can argue that our lifespan programming has not yet caught up with our environmental conditions, and it is therefore appropriate that we extend it by some finite amount. You can even argue that our imminent ability to to so is itself an adaptation in this direction. That last thought is going to make my head explode, so I have to stop now!

    67. Re:Only a matter of time by greg_barton · · Score: 1

      Life, I suspect, is fairly commonplace. I have no idea if intelligence is.

      Here's a question fer ya: Is life a necessary precursor to intelligence?

      Here's my stab at an answer: not necessarily. See, I see the evolutionary process as a form of intelligence, one that can create other intelligences. (Even evolutionary ones like itself.) Evolution is a problem solver. It "figures out" which organisms can survive in a certain environment. But, is evolution alive? Dunno.

      As for the question of whether we can create intelligence from scratch, the answer is "of course." It was done before, why can't we do it? In my opinion the best way to go about it is to recreate the conditions that produced our own intelligence, i.e. evolution.

    68. Re:Only a matter of time by demachina · · Score: 1

      "Finally, I think you drastically overlook the social good that old age offers. In a society where people become older and older, you have people building up vast reservoirs of experience and knowledge."

      The unintended consequence you overlook is those old people cannibalize their youth, and its EVEN WORSE in the developed countries with declining young populations and rising old ones. In the U.S. 12.5% of working people's salaries go to support Medicare and Social Security for old people. Thats money not going to supporting themselves but supporting anonymous old people, and it gets worse every decade. We are reaching the point young, working people wont be able to support their elders, for example Social Security and Medicare will soon bankrupt without steep tax hikes or benefit cuts.

      The key problem with all this wonderful fountain of youth is its staggeringly expensive. Maybe if technology advances and it becomes cheap to keep people alive, and they can work productively, that would be one thing, but so far each advance comes with with ever steeper price tags and in socialized countries those costs are born by young people. Some old people have a pretty good life, but many engage in a non stop circuit through one doctor, hospital, diagnostic test after another, its extremely expensive and its a poor quality of life. Many sit in nursing homes, unable to care for themselves, and again devouring vast sums of money. We do keep them alive but their quality of life is horrible and expensive. Many would no doubt rather pass away peacefully but society's taboos insists on keeping them alive at all costs.

      Its true old people do have a font of knowledge, but why is it then that so many companies go to such great lengths to get rid of older employees:

      A. Their health care costs are very high
      B. People demand salary growth so the older you are the higher the salary you demand. Young workers work cheap and companies like cheap workers.
      C. Old people do have a font of knowledge but it is often mired in the ancient past. Sometimes this knowledge is priceless, sometimes it is obsolete and useless. Most old people acquire a fairly rigid mindset and abhor change. If you are in rapidly changing fields like technology rigid mindset is often counterproductive, not productive. Young hungry people with no rigid mindset tend to be the people that drive breakthroughs.

      --
      @de_machina
    69. Re:Only a matter of time by vertinox · · Score: 1

      We're still a long ways off. If I had to guess I'd say not within the next 50 years. Perhaps much longer.

      I'd have to look up this on Wikipedia, but I can't think of the links off hand...

      If Moore's Law holds true for the next century, then we'll have a computer in 87 years that will be able to calculate all the position of all atoms in the universe. Certainly that would be able to simulate the universe from the big bang and randomly create a simulation of the universe that has life in such that it could be extrapolated into new life in the non-simulated world.

      Then again according to predictions based on observations, if the current population growth of man continues at this rate for 17,000 years they will be more humans than atoms at that point. (And I don't know how that will work either.)

      --
      "I am the king of the Romans, and am superior to rules of grammar!"
      -Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor (1368-1437)
    70. Re:Only a matter of time by demachina · · Score: 1

      "It would be even worse if the self-appointed morally superior among us decided that we'd all be condemned to die via old age simply because they thought immortality wasn't something anyone deserved. If practical immortality were developed and certain power groups tried to keep it from the general population you'd have bloody revolution overnight."

      Dude this is already a standard part of the status quo. The wealthy developed nations already do it to all the poor underdeveloped nations, and the wealthy classes in many nations do it to their poor underclasses. Its done by hording wealth, and controling access to food, energy and medical care based on that wealth. Its done by providing the best health care to those who can afford it and inferior health care to those who can't.

      Enforcing this division is why countries like the U.S. have a huge military. The U.S. has little to fear from underdeveloped countries revolting against the fact the U.S. has better health care, more energy, more food and in general more wealth. Its been that way for more than a century. The only tool for the poor to counter are 9/11 style insurgent attacks which aren't all the effective in the long run.

      Within the U.S. the affluent with gold plated health insurance can count on the best in health care and will live longer. The old rely on Medicare which isn't so bad but it exacts a huge price on working people for it, as I said Medicare is a case of the old cannibalizing their youth. Medicare cares for some of the poorest but the price of getting is you must be completely destitute which is bad in itself. There is a huge pool, 40 million or so who have no health insurance so they get inferior health care and often die for lack of early intervention. If they do get hospital care it results in bankruptcy and with recent bankruptcy law changes you can no longer get out of these debts easily, so a health emergency leads to either death or financial ruin.

      Fact is the mechanisms are already in place to ration immortality. It goes two tracks:

      A. You aren't wealthy enough to pay for it so you don't get it.

      B. You are in a program like Medicare where if immortality is doled out to everyone over 65 it will devastate the younger working people who have to pay for it, unless technology advances to the point that it is cheap. Most of the things required for immortality don't sound cheap.

      "Something only someone "young and fresh" could say with a straight face."

      Actually I'm closer to the old end of the scale, and I know plenty of seniors. Fact is they do often have a lot of wisdom, but they also suffer from an intense rigidity in thinking and demand routine. I think you severely underestimate the consequence of creating a huge population very old people consuming much of societies resources.

      --
      @de_machina
    71. Re:Only a matter of time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      GIGO

    72. Re:Only a matter of time by arkanes · · Score: 1

      This "argument" relies upon an *enormous* amount of assumptions, to the point where I question the intellecual honesty of making it. How about we just say that we know of no other intelligent life in the Universe, and have no way of knowing that they exist or not at this point, and leave it at that.

    73. Re:Only a matter of time by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      Sure, absorb it, use it, then expel the waste heat. The energy has to go somewhere, which means it must be radiated from the outside of the sphere in some form.

    74. Re:Only a matter of time by rebelcan · · Score: 1

      Exactly. Every played John Conway's Game of Life? From only a few simple math rules, you get incredibly complex patterns emerging.

      --
      God is dead -- Nietzsche
      Nietzsche is dead -- God
      Zombie Nietzsche lives! -- Zombie Nietzsche
    75. Re:Only a matter of time by rebelcan · · Score: 1

      Let us not forget, if you say something bad is the fault of the Devil, you have to ask.... who created the Devil?

      --
      God is dead -- Nietzsche
      Nietzsche is dead -- God
      Zombie Nietzsche lives! -- Zombie Nietzsche
    76. Re:Only a matter of time by Chrononium · · Score: 1

      I've heard that the brain can perform image recognition (recognize a thing as a chair, for example) in about 100 steps. Computers have a LONG way to go before that kind of sophistication can take place. And even if we understand how intelligence works, that may not yield an intelligent being. Understanding the logic embedded in any application of sufficient complexity is still considerably different than actually constructing the application, especially if the application was constructed using pseudo-random means (i.e. consecutive late-night coding sessions facilitated mostly by Cheezits). Furthermore, if we construct a system that should theoretically produce intelligence through emergence or some other evolutionary process, will we be able to understand it? Communicate with it? There are plenty of animals which exhibit some level of intelligence with which we have no sophisticated level of communication.

    77. Re:Only a matter of time by menace690 · · Score: 1

      Yes, it is solving a seemingly complicated math problem with little effort. No, its is not mathematically computing this. Your brain has learned from experience how much force is necessary, and such. It uses shortcuts via neural pathways to determine answers CLOSE ENOUGH to exact. The reason we trip is because of these shortcuts.

      --
      A conservative is a man with two perfectly good legs who, however, has never learned to walk forward. -- FDR
    78. Re:Only a matter of time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Are computers really more math-intelligent? I mean, their math abilities are hard-coded and never changing. If say a human were to invent a different type of math, the basic principals would probably still remain, but the computer would be reliant upon a human to make it all work. If we hard-coded intelligence in to a life form, they may not be able to expand on that knowledge - and isn't intelligence the ability to expand information, not just know it?

    79. Re:Only a matter of time by Geekboy(Wizard) · · Score: 1

      Enough artificial intelligence, we need real intelligence.

    80. Re:Only a matter of time by ZachPruckowski · · Score: 1

      I don't believe there is anything magical about the brain, and I believe it can be reproduced in a man-made form. But I think it is far far more complex than we yet realize. Even the most advanced neural nets of today are nowheres near the level of complexity of even a rodent brain

      When I said shortly, I meant within two decades or so, which may be optimistic. But in regards to your comment, don't forget that compared to some earlier humans, we have smaller brains. The reason is that much of the brain has to work on coordination and muscle/organ control. A computer needs to do only the reasoning parts.

    81. Re:Only a matter of time by khallow · · Score: 1
      So there you have it. Our 'intelligence' has solved math problems than most college graduates could do (even with Maple) to save their lives. If it works, do it again, and if it doesn't work, do something different. That's all our 'intelligence' is.

      OTOH, human intelligence is heavily specialized. While pouring water from a pitcher can be reformulated as a complex math problem, the reverse often doesn't occur, ie, we routinely can't always reformulate complex math problems in terms that are easy for human intelligence to grasp.

      However, we might be able to build an intelligence that can understand such concepts as easily as we can manipulate physical objects. Hence, I believe there is significant merit in creating and exploring alternate forms of intelligence.

      The ID advocates have a point here. There's no way that life could have been created from the chemicals known (suspected) to be around at the time. I mean, just taking something as simple as cyclohexane moving from a 'chair' to a 'boat' formation (oganic chem at work), it takes so much energy that the probability of it happening at room (Earth surface) temperature is about 1 in a billion. And that's just a physical shift, not even a chemical reaction. And for thousands of much more complex reactions to occor (simultaneously no less), is just absolutely inconceivable. It just couldn't have happened that way.

      Why? How do we know there has to be "thousands of much more complex reactions" or that these reactions have to be "simultaneous". My take is that we're pretty ignorant of what happened back then, and that ignorance is poor evidence for concluding something is possible or not.

    82. Re:Only a matter of time by Gulthek · · Score: 1

      I've always wondered about the possibility of recreating the brain. Can we truly analyze the very thing that's doing the analyzing?

    83. Re:Only a matter of time by lawpoop · · Score: 1

      I think that our neurons are doing calculus at some level -- certainly not at any conscious level. If not calculus, then some other math. I don't think is a 'natural process' like a weather system where we can describe it with mathematics, but the atoms aren't actually doing math. I think neurons are actually doing math. It might be a math that we don't understand, but ultimately I think it is calculable.

      --
      Computers are useless. They can only give you answers.
      -- Pablo Picasso
    84. Re:Only a matter of time by moultano · · Score: 1

      What is the distinction between doing that and doing calculus?

      Suppose you are teaching a calculus class. One of your students never comes to class except on exam days, never bought the textbook in the first place, and has never been exposed to any calculus instruction whatsoever. However, this student manages to write down more than 90% of the answers correctly on every exam without writing down anything that looks like the process of doing calculus. Would you fail this student for not "knowing" calculus? So long as he can do it, does the way he does it factor into how you would grade him?

      By the same approach, when our muscles move according to a very detailed kinematics plan, in what sense can you say that they aren't computing the solutions?

    85. Re:Only a matter of time by shmlco · · Score: 1
      Sorry, but as I said, we're doing some things that can be described using calculus, but that's not the internal mechanism involved.

      I can describe, using calculus, the path, speed, and trajectory of a bullet in flight from point A to point B, taking into account initial energy, spin, gravity, wind and wind resistance, and so on. The bullet, however, in its flight, is not doing calculus. A description is not the action.

      --
      Any sect, cult, or religion will legislate its creed into law if it acquires the political power to do so.
    86. Re:Only a matter of time by maxpublic · · Score: 1

      You can have a perfect knowledge of processes without the ability to predict much of anything. Perfect knowledge does not imply that a thing is also perfectly predictable.

      Max

      --
      My god carries a hammer. Your god died nailed to a tree. Any questions?
    87. Re:Only a matter of time by Grishnakh · · Score: 1

      I don't think anyone is underestimating how powerful the brain is. You have probably seen this factoid thrown out here on Slashdot before but it is estimated that the human brain has equivalent computational capacity of something like 1 PFLOP seconf.

      With all this computational capacity at their disposal, it's too bad that most people are so incredibly stupid. Is this some sort of failing of evolution?

    88. Re:Only a matter of time by maxpublic · · Score: 1

      Dude this is already a standard part of the status quo.

      No, it isn't. Real immortality has *nothing whatsoever* to do with the rationing of the medical care we have available today. No one alive today has any realistic hope of NOT dying from old age, no matter what that age might be; real immortality gives them that hope, along with eternal youth to boot. How you can't see the absolutely huge difference between these two things is beyond me.

      But it won't matter. The average guy on the street will see it, and will react violently if denied immortality. Like I said, the choice is a no-brainer.

      Actually I'm closer to the old end of the scale

      Somehow I doubt that, "dude".

      I think you severely underestimate the consequence of creating a huge population very old people consuming much of societies resources.

      If all of those folks currrently over 65 were given immortality, they'd no have a claim on social security or pensions. No one in their right mind would allow them to draw either FOREVER. They'd be young *and* they'd be some of the most skilled people on the planet; certainly wiser than their 25-year-old counterparts, and far, far more experienced. They'd have to go back to work because we wouldn't continue feeding and housing and clothing their lazy, newly-rejuvenated asses.

      Whatever they consume they are, for the most part, going to produce a hell of a lot more, simply because they can run circles around the much younger and far less experienced work force. That's a good thing.

      but they also suffer from an intense rigidity in thinking and demand routine.

      The young often think that, mostly because the old aren't dumb enough to stupid things. They've lived, they've learned, they have no desire to repeat the foolish, idiotic antics of youth. If rejuvenated and returned to the work force they'd do quite a bit to stabilize society, and I also think we'd see long-term thinking replace short-term, short-sighted planning.

      All that works for me. The last thing I want is a society dominated by people who're congenitally stupid because they haven't aged past that particular defect yet.

      Max

      --
      My god carries a hammer. Your god died nailed to a tree. Any questions?
    89. Re:Only a matter of time by maxpublic · · Score: 1

      This "argument" relies upon an *enormous* amount of assumptions, to the point where I question the intellecual honesty of making it.

      I question the intellectual honesty of idiots who insist there MUST be intelligent life in the galaxy, yet can't for the life of them explain why this intelligent life has NEVER colonized Earth at any time during the last 1.5 billion years. It's clear they WANT there to be a nice little collection of prosthetic-nose-piece Star Trek aliens, but they consistently fail to account for why they didn't settle down on Earth sometime back in the Triassic.

      How about we just say that we know of no other intelligent life in the Universe, and have no way of knowing that they exist or not at this point, and leave it at that.

      How about not? According to the evidence (or lack thereof) at our disposal, along with a simple extension of logical thought (e.g., where are they and why have they never settled this planet) it stands to reason that Earth hasn't been colonized because no one's tried. And if that's the case then either intelligent life in our galaxy is unique, or it's very rare and ultimately a failure.

      Max

      --
      My god carries a hammer. Your god died nailed to a tree. Any questions?
    90. Re:Only a matter of time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Example: Go.

      It's still not possible to predict what will happen, even though the rules to Go have been known for thousands of years.

      The human brain is far more complex than Go.

    91. Re:Only a matter of time by Arpie · · Score: 1

      Maybe you don't realize just how much calculus is involved in walking down stairs.

      The human brain is a computation engine...


      Maybe you don't realize how the brain works at all. You may think you do because you have/ use one, but sorry, that won't cut it. Do you really think that the brain magically performs millions of calculations to go down a flight of stairs, or to throw a ball, or to talk? I beg to differ.

      Maybe if the brain did do calculus, the Football jocks would be much better at math than the average sports-averting math geek.

      It's much more likely that there are neural networks/ pathways on the brain that, by genetics and/ or repetition (practice), learn to automatically (intuitively) predict situations.

      I believe it's a great fallacy to compare the brain with a computer. We just don't know how the brain works. It might come in handy to compare the brain with a computer sometimes but analogies only go so far, and one must understand the limited scope of an analogy.

      --
      /* TAANSTAFL */
    92. Re:Only a matter of time by beer_maker · · Score: 1
      That might be true if we had only one brain amongst us ... which I sometimes feel is the case, like when I read another {FP!|troll|dupe}. Since we do have (# of brains > 1) we can study working (via EEG, CAT scan, MRI, etc) and non-working copies to our heart's content.

      --
      Hmmm. Your ideas are intriguing to me and I wish to subscribe to your newsletter.
    93. Re:Only a matter of time by Angst+Badger · · Score: 1

      And so we'll probably have artifical intelligence shortly.

      I believed that when they were saying the same thing in the 70's. I still believed it in the 80's. Now I just think it's full of shit.

      If someone manages to produce strong AI, it will be as an accidental byproduct of something else. It will be a long, long time before we understand biological intelligence well enough to produce a mechanical replica.

      --
      Proud member of the Weirdo-American community.
    94. Re:Only a matter of time by demachina · · Score: 1

      "Somehow I doubt that, "dude"."

      Well dude that kind of proves how stuck on yourself you are because you have no clue how old I am but you are sitting there patting yourself on the back that you are so smart you can tell based on a few paragraphs of writing.

      I think the key difference between us is I want to live only as long as the quality of life is good, I don't want to live off others which many seniors do today. Most paid almost nothing in to Medicare or Social Security but they reap huge windfalls from it today at the expense of younger workers.

      I don't think I would want immortality, especially if it leads to a society dominated by a bunch of know it all old farts like yourselves who think you are the only ones with wisdom.

      Knowing life is short is a main motivator for people to make the most of what they have. If you have immortality I suspect people would become lazy, bored, boring, and unmotivated.

      "They've lived, they've learned, they have no desire to repeat the foolish, idiotic antics of youth."

      It also means you wont take risks or try anything that isn't safe. There is just as much bad about the experience and wisdom of old age as there is good. Thats why I'm inclined to say a healthy mix of age groups is best. A society with a majority of people a hundred years old or older would most probably be a stagnant one, resistant to change, and intensely boring.

      --
      @de_machina
    95. Re:Only a matter of time by ShimmyShimmy · · Score: 1

      Why? How do we know there has to be "thousands of much more complex reactions" or that these reactions have to be "simultaneous". My take is that we're pretty ignorant of what happened back then, and that ignorance is poor evidence for concluding something is possible or not.

      Actually, for the original strand of RNA (or PNA according to the article), which is suspected to be the least, smallest, and simplest material capable of life, had to be formed from this primidorial soup. That requires literally thousands of reactions, and yes, they do have to happen at the same time, or else the partially formed xNA strand will just break apart (as they tend to do).

      Parhaps I wasn't quite clear on the 'thousands of reactions' bit. What I meant to say was that for life to be formed in the way that we suspect it was, there had to a more or less impossible mixture of reactions. When I say "void here which remains to be discovered", I'm saying that the primidorial soup being struck by lightning or whatever is not adequate. I'm guessing that there was some simpler source of life that was a precursor to RNA, and even simpler, which likely has ceased to exist at some point.

      Of course even that is speculation, as well as anything ID people will say, but for now, it's the best we can do. Hell, we just discovered recently that dinosaurs weren't reptiles, who knows what we'll find in a few years.

      --
      Partial Credit: The Engineer's Best friend
      "Well, the bridge didn't fall all the way down!"
    96. Re:Only a matter of time by lawpoop · · Score: 1

      Yes, we agree that a bullet is not doing math, but I think nuerons *are* doing math when they plan movement signals to send to the body.

      --
      Computers are useless. They can only give you answers.
      -- Pablo Picasso
    97. Re:Only a matter of time by arkanes · · Score: 1
      Nonsense. Sure, the Earth (obviously) hasn't been colonized because no one has tried, but claiming thats proof that extraterrestial life doesn't exist is like claiming that because noone has settled a given spot on the ocean floor theres no evidence of life on Earth. At the very best, you can presume that interstellar travel is difficult and/or dangerous (certainly supportable) and that intelligences zipping about like Star Trek don't exist.

      You're defining successful intelligent life as "life which would have colonized Earth" and noting that because it didn't happen, there is no successful life. A species that managed to colonize *any* other planets is going to be one much more advanced than ours, and a species that actually maintained some sort of interstellar society far, far so. If such a species existed, they would neccesarily need forms of communication and travel we aren't aware of and cannot detect, and yet they still could easily be sufficently distant from us to not have colonized Earth. Note that I'm not suggesting such a species exists, and that while they *could*, it's reasonable to work from the assumption that they don't. But going from "they probably don't" to "they must not" exist is silly. Think of it as religion if you want - at this point, it's a matter of faith or assumption, not of evidence. Certainly, if other intelligences do exist, they are irrelevent to us this point (barring sci-fi ideas that they know about Earth and are intentionally avoiding it for whatever reason).

    98. Re:Only a matter of time by vsprintf · · Score: 1

      With all this computational capacity at their disposal, it's too bad that most people are so incredibly stupid. Is this some sort of failing of evolution?

      No, it was the invention of television which sucked up all available resources.

    99. Re:Only a matter of time by bhiestand · · Score: 1

      ...and who made him so tempting?

      Although I guess evolution could explain it. I mean, how long would a devil who wasn't very tempting live?

      --
      SWM seeks new sig for a brief fling
    100. Re:Only a matter of time by vsprintf · · Score: 1

      However, this student manages to write down more than 90% of the answers correctly on every exam without writing down anything that looks like the process of doing calculus. Would you fail this student for not "knowing" calculus? So long as he can do it, does the way he does it factor into how you would grade him?

      Yes. Math teachers are anal that way. I have been graded down for not showing all the steps required to solve a problem. I have also scratched out a correct answer (with steps shown) during an exam and then provided an incorrect answer and was still given partial credit for the question. Grading is about the knowledge of the subject being demonstrated. Providing a correct final answer proves nothing - you could be cheating. I graded a lot of programming labs, and the cheating was rampant (zero for all involved unless you could convince the professor that you'd been copied without your knowledge).

    101. Re:Only a matter of time by jvance · · Score: 1

      Yes, and our sinews limit us to only create machines weaker than us if we were to do it from scratch.

    102. Re:Only a matter of time by Boronx · · Score: 1

      Then there's there's the argument that only solar systems this young have enough heavy elements for complex life. We may actually be on the early side for a spacefaring race, as far as we know.

    103. Re:Only a matter of time by localman · · Score: 1

      Yes, I think that choice is reducable to material mechanisms. Yet, I believe in choice. It does seem like a contradiction perhaps, but I think that there is magic (yes, I know I said there wasn't) in complex systems with feedback.

      Let's take a simple solar system, with one star and one planet. They both have a gravitational pull, but the star's dominates. Still, the planet does have an effect on the star. And by having an effect on the star, the planet is likewise effecting itself. It works both ways, too: the star effects the planet, which in turn effects itself. And these effects cause further effects. The result is that even two bodies in orbit have a very complex interaction because of the feedback. Mathematically, it has been solved, and it can be predicted perfectly. But it's not simple.

      Now, let's add a moon. Guess what? Mathimatically it hasn't been solved! That's right: we can't predict with certainty the interaction of only three objects with feedback. We can make predictions that are close enough for virtually any purpose, but we can't get it exactly right.

      Now, imagine a whole solar system, a galaxy, or... a mind. The levels and types of interactions going on here are so complex and little understood, I have a very hard time believing anyone who claims that it's all deterministic. I mean, taking into account quantum mechanics you don't even have a good starting point. And even not taking that into account you can't really tell where things are going.

      Taken together it is quite a leap of faith to say that just because the mind can be reduced to materical mechanisms that it deterministic. I'm not saying I know how choice works. But I'm sure as hell that nobody else does yet either.

      Cheers.

    104. Re:Only a matter of time by localman · · Score: 1

      I agree with most of what you're saying here... given our incomplete understanding of chaotic systems, especially those with feedback, it seems like a jump to assume that just because the brain is a purely physical artifact that it can't have choice.

      However, I don't agree that the brain is fully understandable. Well, it might be, but I don't think that's a foregone conclusion. I think it might be that we never fully understand how the low-level interactions of neurons result in higher thought. I mean, even with simple neural models that we have now, ones we've built ourselves, we sometimes can't understand how they work. Weird, no?

      Cheers.

    105. Re:Only a matter of time by localman · · Score: 1

      I see your point -- but having the power and knowing what to do with it are very different I think. Actually, each of our brains already has more connections than atoms in the universe, yet we still don't understand how to teach people to be kind :)

      And even if we had that computer and we knew what to do with it, we'd never be able to get a snapshot of the state of the universe anyways, if not for mundane practical reasons, then because of quantum uncertainty. I imagine the brain would be the same.

      Cheers.

    106. Re:Only a matter of time by localman · · Score: 1

      Really? I would have thought that the majority was the reasoning bit... it seems that even tiny brains are very good at the muscle/organ control tasks. I don't imagine our physical controls are much more difficult than any other two legged creature. And in fact simpler than some: I've always thought it's amazing that birds with their small brains have an incredible physical understanding of three dimensional movement... movement that baffles me when I play flight simulator games and such :)

      Cheers.

    107. Re:Only a matter of time by localman · · Score: 1

      It's an intersting question. I think it's possible to analyze "the brain" and to immitate it. We've done this to an extent with neural nets (though we don't even understand fully how they work).

      As to the more philosophical question of analyzing one's self... you definitely can, but not objectively. As any analysis changes the way you see yourself, which changes the analysis.

      Wacky stuff, this self-referential thinking :)

      Cheers.

    108. Re:Only a matter of time by mysta · · Score: 1

      Humans do not solve the "pouring" problem analytically any more than they solve the "gravity" problem analytically. We use feedback.

      When you see a ball thrown up your mind does not estimate the initial velocity of the ball, current wind direction and viscosity and use these to solve a differential equation to determine exactly where to place your hands to catch it. Instead, your eyes track the ball as it moves and you continually adjust you location and the position of your hands until you catch it.

      Similarly, when pouring water I'm not doing fluid mechanics. I'm simply watching for when the water level in the receiving cup is close to full and then easing off the angle of the pouring cup until I'm done.

      Do not confuse the abstract concepts we use to derive closed-form solutions to a problem and the actual mechanisms we employ to solve them in practice.

      --

      "Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge, and where is the knowledge we have lost in information?"-T.S.Eliot
    109. Re:Only a matter of time by QuantumG · · Score: 1

      To build a Dyson sphere you would presumably need to be able to convert energy into matter. If you can do that then why would you ever throw any energy away? Superbeings can find a use for any amount of energy.. they're not going to piss it away into space so we can detect it.

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    110. Re:Only a matter of time by randomencounter · · Score: 1
      You are assuming it started with the RNA.

      It is quite possible that the Amino Acids formed protiens first, and the RNA formed in a "soup" of amino acids and protiens with the protiens guiding the way.
      Unlike partially formed RNA strands, protiens are quite stable, and being composed of relatively few amino acids each are more easily formed.

      In addition, odds of "billions to one" are pretty darn good when you are talking about chemical reactions occuring in a high density solution. 6.02x10^23 molecules per gram*molecular weight and you have millions of tonnes of the stuff churning and burning for thousands of years.

      The miracle would be if life didn't form in those circumstances.

      --
      Forget diamonds, copyright is forever.
    111. Re:Only a matter of time by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      I think most estimates say that the leftover stuff in a system (stuff that is not sun) is enough to build a Dyson sphere, and you have to clean it out anyway. But the laws of thermodynamics suggest that even if you HAVE energy/matter conversion, you still have to radiate away at least as much heat as the star produces. Stars are pretty hot....

      Plus if you convert all the energy into mass there's no energy to use! Using energy to do useful stuff (the point of a Dyson sphere is to gather all the energy produced by the star) means producing heat... so again, your sphere is going to glow like a star in IR.

    112. Re:Only a matter of time by StikyPad · · Score: 1

      What do you mean dinosaurs aren't reptiles? Are you referring to the fact that there is evidence that they were warm blooded? AFAIK, that doesn't mean they weren't reptiles, rather that our understanding and definition of reptiles was inaccurate and/or incomplete.

    113. Re:Only a matter of time by StikyPad · · Score: 1

      Not to mention that the grandparent is assuming that Earth is a suitable environment for other intelligent life forms. There's no guarantee of that, or even the slightest bit of evidence to suggest that it's true. Earth didn't adapt to suit life (for the most part, although granted, life has altered the environment), but generally speaking, life has evolved to thrive in the environment that Earth provides.

      In fact, the amount of assumptions that it takes to say that intelligent life is not common are at least equal to the amount of assumptions to say that it is common. We only have a sample size of 1. Just a few possibilities are:

      Other intelligent life forms have not developed interstellar travel (be it lack of desire, physical impossibility, natural resources, fuel supply, slower progression of technology, shorter or longer lifetimes, metabolic rates, etc.).

      They may not be aware Earth exists. We're a somewhat small planet fairly close to the sun. Not exactly easy to detect. We've only been broadcasting radio for 100 years or so.. our transmissions haven't traveled very far.

      Other intelligences communicate by means unknown to us. This seems unlikely, because from what we know, electromagnetic propogation is an extremely effective means of communication, but it's impossible to say how much we don't know about physics. Further, radio is clearly ineffective for timely communication over vast distances.

      Not enough time/we're the first (or the first 1-15%). If life is random, it's just as likely as not that human intelligence evolved at or before the universal average. (When you roll 100 dice, it's just as likely that they'll all come up 5s as any other particular scenario. That's pretty much the definition of random). Just because the universe is trillions of years old doesn't mean intelligent life should have developed elsewhere sooner. Even if there were millions of intelligent life forms within our galaxy, and they were on par with us technologically, AND used radio for communication we still would have no way of knowing of their existance since radio waves "only" travel at the speed of light.

      At any rate, to say that intelligent life does not exist because Earth has not been invaded/inhabited/contacted by such life is taking a highly self-centered view of the universe.. barely a step away from claiming that the sun revolved around us.

    114. Re:Only a matter of time by randomencounter · · Score: 1
      I think you meant this as a reply to the parent post, but I think I can address it:

      Since people decide what makes an animal a reptile (cold blooded, scales, etc.), our understanding of what makes an animal a reptile is perfect. Anything that does not fully meet the definition of "reptile" is something else.
      Therefore, as the evidence that dinosaurs were warm blooded increases, it becomes more of a scientific consensus that they were not reptiles at all but rather something else. My understanding is that dinosaurs correspond to the bridge group between reptiles and birds, so there is quite a lot of biological and morphological range involved.

      Hope that is clear.

      --
      Forget diamonds, copyright is forever.
  6. Well. that's one way by inode_buddha · · Score: 5, Funny

    Well. that's one way to get a life.

    --
    C|N>K
    1. Re:Well. that's one way by alc6379 · · Score: 1
      Well. that's one way to get a life.

      Suddenly, in Los Alamos, a new retort for pickup lines emerges:

      Lady: GET A LIFE!

      Scientist: Working on it, baby.

      --
      I don't moderate anymore. Karma penalty for 90% fair mods? Can I mod that unfair?
  7. PNA vs. Self by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...and acting as tiny diagnosticians roaming our bodies.

    My macrophages are salivating already...

  8. I for one... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

    ... welcome our new grey-goo overlords. :)

  9. tiny what? by NoGuffCheck · · Score: 1

    i can picture that House bloke getting around in my colon, and people asking him whay he's so cranky all the time. "I'm a tiny diaogno... diagos...um, doctor, and I work in an ass".

    --
    serenity now!
  10. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 4, Funny

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  11. Focus on Artificial life by saurabhdutta · · Score: 0, Flamebait

    My thoughts are that wont it be better to focus efforts for building artificial life on increasing computational intelligence. Seriously... what good the creation of a bug do to humanity? If the same brainpower is chanellised into creating intelligent machines, the benefit humanity gains, is immense.

    1. Re:Focus on Artificial life by audacity242 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Lots of seemingly meaningless scientific pursuits have led to things that have had huge impacts on human life.

      I seem to recall a silly woman, who specialized in x-ray crystallography, taking a picture of a molecule she wasn't supposed to be wasting her time on. If it weren't for Rosalind Franklin doing that, the discovery of the structure of DNA would have been delayed for god only knows how long.

    2. Re:Focus on Artificial life by amliebsch · · Score: 3, Interesting
      Seriously... what good the creation of a bug do to humanity?

      Imagine a bug that can convert cellulose to alcohol. Or eats dioxins and destroys them. Or generates hydrogen from sun and water. Wouldn't these be somewhat beneficial?

      --
      If you don't know where you are going, you will wind up somewhere else.
    3. Re:Focus on Artificial life by saurabhdutta · · Score: 2, Informative

      Thanks for the insight. But that can be done by genetically engineering existing bugs. Why waste effort and create them from scratch. Moreover their evolutionary path would be unknown. And this will be a serious problem if such artificial lifeforms are used for medical purposes (mutations etc.)

    4. Re:Focus on Artificial life by CosmeticLobotamy · · Score: 1

      You're right. We should take a bunch of excellent chemists, retrain them to be mediocre programmers, and force them to work on things brilliant programmers can't do. That'll work out great.

    5. Re:Focus on Artificial life by The+Master+Control+P · · Score: 1
      Imagine a bug that can convert cellulose to alcohol.
      !!! I imagine the horror of having all photographic film (the base is cellulose acetate) disintegrate if it gets out. I also imagine that Rockland Colloid would see a surge in buys of tintype kits that the bugs can't eat. :)
    6. Re:Focus on Artificial life by Fulcrum+of+Evil · · Score: 1

      Or generates hydrogen from sun and water.

      Um, yeah. Water + Heat = H2 + O2.

      --
      "We returned the General to El Salvador, or maybe Guatemala, it's difficult to tell from 10,000 feet"
    7. Re:Focus on Artificial life by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Don't forget that Crick and Watson made the same discovery on their own... and it it was influenced via their LSD-25 use.

    8. Re:Focus on Artificial life by HuguesT · · Score: 2, Informative

      No they didn't. Crick and Watson got shown one of the pictures of DNA X-ray diffraction pattern Franklin had made (the best one) by one of her co-worker, Maurice Wilkins. Together with the work they had done on their own, C&W were able to deduce the structure. Without that picture it would have taken them longer, and potentially someone else would have found the structure before them, for example Linus Pauling in the USA, who was well on his way.

      Now all three of Crick, Watson and Wilkins were awarded the Nobel prize in Medicine that year, when Wilkins honestly had done little more in this area than show Watson & Crick the crucial photo by Franklin. This goes to show that this particular picture was pretty damn important.

      Franklin didn't get the Nobel because she was unfortunately dead by then, due to ovarian cancer she probably contracted as a result of continuous exposure to X-Rays during her work. Her name was later besmirched

    9. Re:Focus on Artificial life by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      They might be beneficial in very controlled circumstances. The concern with developing something with the ability to possibly reproduce and evolve is that unforseen consequences might arise. The beauty of existing industrial processes is that they are easy to turn off. The beauty of existing lifeforms is that we have more knowledge about how they work (and even that is very incomplete) and that they have been tested in the environment for millions of years. Even then the consequences of pollution or changes in the balance of existing species are somewhat unpredictable. The natural world we inhabit is chaotic so before any industrial use of created life we should be extremely careful, and the controls on storage and research should also be stringent as the genie may be impossible to put back into the bottle.


      On the other hand room temperature industrial processes could be advantageous. Research into the use of enzymes or existing species might be preferable (lesser gains, perhaps, but lesser risk of unforseen circumstances) to creating new lifeforms, however. Engineering new enzymes might be a very good middle ground.

    10. Re:Focus on Artificial life by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Imagine a bug that can convert cellulose to alcohol

      Ye Gods!

      What about one that can convert cellulite to alcohol?

      I'm off to McDonalds to stock up :)

    11. Re:Focus on Artificial life by not-enough-info · · Score: 1
      Imagine a bug that can convert cellulose to alcohol.

      Excellent! For that extra little bit of buzz out of my mojito. Whoa, there's no more corn kernels in my crap!
      --
      ---k--
      </stupid>
  12. constructed.... by KillShill · · Score: 0, Troll

    not created.

    subtle but very important difference.

    --
    Science : Proprietary , Knowledge : Open Source
    1. Re:constructed.... by whogben · · Score: 2, Insightful

      well, yes, creationists - when we have constructed life - will point out that we have failed to conjure forth mass from nothing. When we have constructed mass - they will point out that we have only converted some other energy into mass. The difference between creation and construction is entirely political and insubstantial - if we believe first life arose on its own, in the primordial ooze, we still believe that that it was constructed of smaller particles....

    2. Re:constructed.... by Vellmont · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Beyond some undefinable religious aspect I suspect you're hinting at, what's the difference between the two words?

      --
      AccountKiller
    3. Re:constructed.... by grenthal · · Score: 1

      Ask the Intelligent Design guys

    4. Re:constructed.... by m50d · · Score: 2, Insightful

      That's not the way the word is normally used. We say a chef has created a wonderful desert, an artist has created a sculpture, etc.

      --
      I am trolling
    5. Re:constructed.... by sholden · · Score: 2, Informative

      I suggest you learn English.

      Create has a significantly broader definition than you claim.

      Try doing a google search for "created" and be amazed at the "not from nothing" usage, for example http://www.udm4.com/demos/other-dynamic.php and it's created menus.

    6. Re:constructed.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The 'Da Vinci code' author Dan Brown in his book 'Illuminati' describes how to create matter(anti) from nothing.

    7. Re:constructed.... by Vellmont · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Sorry, but as others have pointed out this isn't the way the word created is used or understood by anyone but probbably yourself. By your definition NOTHING is created except by a god. People DO use this word quite commonly when referring to things not created by a god.

      Your word definitions are thus extremely confusing because you're using a word with an existing definition and giving it a new definition contrary to the accepted definition. I could for example define cat as an aquatic animal that swims in the sea, but if I used my definition of the word cat in conversation expecting people to understand my personal definition, no one would understand me.

      --
      AccountKiller
    8. Re:constructed.... by Politburo · · Score: 1

      We say a chef has created a wonderful desert

      Is Slartibartfast a chef, then? I think you mean dessert.

  13. Great name - making a movie? by BigSlowTarget · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    Great name - sounds like something out of a movie based on a video game. 'Outraged at the price of new labcoats Dr. Such and Such loosed the Los Alamos Bug to destroy the world.'

    Hmm and Doom came out this weekend - coincidence?

  14. Welcome masters! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    On behalf of all Slashdot serfs, on bended knee I extend a very warm welcome our new Los Alamos Bug overlords!

  15. not as we know it? by loakers · · Score: 1

    maybe not, but its nothing a vacume cleaner cant fix.

  16. Oh dear by jaseparlo · · Score: 1

    This will confuse creationists - on one hand, they have to forbid it as meddling with God's work, but on the other hand, it's the best chance they have of getting 'intelligent design' considered a science.

    --
    All available data suggest that regardless of any of this, the sun will still come up tomorrow.
    1. Re:Oh dear by calvin1981 · · Score: 1

      The best strategy for Creationists is to let the experiment(s) continue and pray that they dont succeed.

      If the experiment succeeds (say, using instead DNA instead of PNA), it proves that life is indeed intelligent design, but it also proves that it doesn't take a "higher intelligence" to do it. And that is the trump card of creationists. On the other hand, if it doesn't, they can still claim that we are not intelligent enough to create life.

    2. Re:Oh dear by Dan+Farina · · Score: 2, Insightful

      It just proves that life COULD be made through intelligent deisign (although it would short circuit the notion that only a 'higher power' has such capability.

      It doesn't disprove the notion that life could be a product of stochastic processes.

    3. Re:Oh dear by The+Master+Control+P · · Score: 1
      If the experiment succeeds (say, using instead DNA instead of PNA), it proves that life is indeed intelligent design
      No, it proves that life can be intelligently designed. If it can be purpose done in a lab, why is so hard to imagine it happening by chance when you have an entire primordial planet covered in organic goo?
  17. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    >Am I the only one who is slightly disturbed by this trend for >scientists to attempt to usurp the powers of our Almighty >Creator?

    Yes.

  18. What the hell? by commodoresloat · · Score: 2, Funny
    We have the opportunity to create life and the first thing these guys think of making is a freakin' bug?? Like there aren't enough annoying insects on this miserable planet -- we need science to develop new roaches, new fruit flies, new mosquitos so we can spend our time swatting at them and invest our money in new poison products to kill them.

    Freakin scientists. Go cure cancer or something, will ya?!

    1. Re:What the hell? by superpulpsicle · · Score: 1

      How the industry works.

      1. Study disease
      2. Find cure
      3. Hide cure
      4. Sell treatment
      5. Profit!
      6. Sell treatment again
      7. Profit!
      8. Repeat step 4 to 7 forever

    2. Re:What the hell? by Chris+Spencer · · Score: 1
      We have the opportunity to create life and the first thing these guys think of making is a freakin' bug??
      Yeah, haven't they ever seen Weird Science?
      --
      SoundTimer makes you sound busy.
  19. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by stoneymonster · · Score: 0, Flamebait

    Have the invention of antibiotics, modern farming techniques, medical diagnostic imaging, genetic therapy, high-speed communications, transportation, etc. taught us nothing? Man should spend more time being dirt farmers than trying to improve his own lot in the universe.

  20. Los Alamos Insect by JrbM689 · · Score: 0

    I suppose once everyone's infected with this bug, nobody will be able to help but to "REMEMBER THE los ALAMOs Bug."
    That's all I have. Sorry, it's late.

  21. Synthetic Extremophiles by PresidentEnder · · Score: 2, Insightful

    We've known for a long time that extremophiles (organisms capable of surviving in extreme conditions, often incapable of surviving under human-friendly conditions) exist, and speculated that such life is the kind we'd find on other planets. However, this type of thinking (not necessarily PNA life; I think the slower diffusion inherent to fatty acids relative to water will mean that this new life-form is only useful as a test) allows us to produce extremophiles more exotic than what we see on Earth. All known life is DNA-based, and cannot survive in situations where DNA is for some reason broken up (hostile chemicals, high-evergy environments, low-energy environments, and the like). Imagine, however, life based on elements solid at room temperature and liquid at higher temperatures living on Mercury, where water can't be liquid; or life based on liquid oxygen or hydrogen, living far from any star, surviving distances between star systems without life support. This also challenges (traditional) creationism. If we can make life to exist anywhere, that means that the argument about Earth's specialization as a life-bearing planet is meaningless. This doesn't mean that God doesn't exist or that he is dead, merely that he doesn't have to exist. However, it gets rid of the creationism Trump Card so often played by precocious high-school students in Biology class. Conversely, if we find that we can't make life at all, or can only create PNA life, and can't manage artificial DNA life, it could turn evolutionary theory on its head. If we can't make life in a lab, how could we expect it to happen outside a lab? This would get rid of the Trump Card so often played by precocious devout atheists in High School biology classes.

    --
    I used to carry a bottle of whiskey for snake bite. And two snakes. -Nefarious Wheel
    1. Re:Synthetic Extremophiles by Cyberpass · · Score: 1

      One word: Crazy...

    2. Re:Synthetic Extremophiles by tepples · · Score: 1

      This also challenges (traditional) creationism. If we can make life to exist anywhere, that means that the argument about Earth's specialization as a life-bearing planet is meaningless. This doesn't mean that God doesn't exist or that he is dead, merely that he doesn't have to exist.

      Specifically, God could be using multiple planets as stress-testing environments for souls.

    3. Re:Synthetic Extremophiles by UltimateRobotLover · · Score: 1

      There are many bacteria that we cannot grow in labs. Does this mean that they cannot grow in nature?

  22. RNA is thought to be able to do this. by autopr0n · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Some people think that before DNA evolved, everything was done with RNA. Both hereditary information and the physical catalysts. Like proteins, RNA molecules can fold up into odd shapes and perform catalytic reactions. The only difference is that Protein based system work faster. The Ribosome, which converts RNA into Proteins is actually made from RNA, rather then proteins, and is almost exactly the same in all life.

    --
    autopr0n is like, down and stuff.
    1. Re:RNA is thought to be able to do this. by QuantumG · · Score: 1

      Great. RTFA.

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    2. Re:RNA is thought to be able to do this. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm pretty sure that Ribosomes are a cross between protein and Ribosomal RNA. Also, I was not aware that the ribosome actually converted the RNA into protein, I thought it read the RNA and constructed the protein from amino acids.

      Further more, I didn't think proteins could be constructed from such things.. as RNA is mostly sugar.. but what do I know, I'm only a PRE-med student.

    3. Re:RNA is thought to be able to do this. by efatapo · · Score: 1

      You're kind of right (good job, for a pre-med ;) ).

      The ribosome is a complex of both protein and RNA subunits. However, the interesting thing is that it's actually the RNA that has the catalytic activity. You were also right in that the RNA doesn't change into protein, but is the template upon which the ribosome connects different amino acids into a nascent protein molecule.

      An interesting side note is that much of the cells ability to make proteins happens in an RNA dependent way. tRNAs are used to bring the correct amino acid into the ribosome. The tRNAs are processed by another enzyme (besides the ribosome) that is conserved from bacteria to humans and has a catalytically active RNA subunit, RNase P. In addition to that, the RNA subunits of the ribosome are modified and processed by enzymes with essential RNAs, both snoRNAs and RNase MRP (which is the sister enzyme to RNase P, they're nearly identical). It's really quite amazing. We are now finding out more and more about the functions of RNA in a cell which include translation, RNA modification, transcriptional and translational regulation, histone composition, endonucleolytic function, and who knows what else.

      Hopefully some of that made sense, I have to go check a couple northern blots...

    4. Re:RNA is thought to be able to do this. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hopefully some of that made sense

      it did! thanks! I'll have a leg up in the next bio class I'm taking.

  23. Sounds like Halflife by N8F8 · · Score: 2, Funny

    Maybe it was a dream but I remember taking the tram ride for a few minutes into a secret lab where an experiment had gone horribly, horribly wrong.

    --
    "God fights on the side with the best artillery." - Napoleon, Marshal of France - speaking truth to power
  24. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by Travoltus · · Score: 2, Funny

    But at some point we run the risk of creating a new life that will seek to perpetuate its survival at the expense of our own.

    Science without restraint and wisdom is as superstitious and downright dangerous as the more irrational aspects of religion.

    Religion at its worst will keep us in the dark ages, while science at its worst will lead to a runaway extinction event by means of environmental pollution or epidemic.

    There has to be a balance.

    --
    --- Grow a pair, liberals... stop letting the Republicans bully you!
  25. MS-Windows Life 1.0 by Tablizer · · Score: 1

    Is this the same Los Alamos that lost 2 computer tapes containing nuclear secrets?

    1. Re:MS-Windows Life 1.0 by BitchKapoor · · Score: 1

      They were hard drives, and it turned out the hard drives were never purchased in the first place, and hence not lost at all. Still bad accounting, nonetheless.

    2. Re:MS-Windows Life 1.0 by julesh · · Score: 1

      Is this the same Los Alamos that lost 2 computer tapes containing nuclear secrets?

      Probably the same Los Alamos that has flying saucers in the basement, if you believe everything you read.

    3. Re:MS-Windows Life 1.0 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually, nothing was lost. They figured out much later who had what and nothing was ever gone.

      Instead, I would be much more concerned about lose of secrects via white house spies.

  26. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    I completly agree. Does GWB even knows that this is happening in a federal lab, using federal taxpayer money?? I have a feeling that we'll soon have a taste of category 6 and higher hurricanes if we continue this way...

    I must pray over this.

  27. Not that surprising by calvin1981 · · Score: 1

    This shouldn't be very surprising. With all the current infrastructure, it just takes a few enterprising minds to get that crucial idea, and "create life". Note that the article pinpoints the distinction between life and non-life as the ability to undergo evolution. The creation of "intelligence" from scratch will possibly take a lot more work.

  28. Re:Which begs the obvious question by Anubis350 · · Score: 1

    well, you see, they started out trying to create seven of nine, but got tired after creating the first six. So they created her nanoprobs instead.

    She's lucky.

    Nine just has a couple flaky cells.

    --
    "goodbye and hello, as always" ~Prince Corwin, from Zelazny's Amber series
  29. Source of creation, or evolution? by identity0 · · Score: 1

    Some people have already made comments about intelligent design here, but I thought I should add something. This week I was approached by a creationist/intelligent-design group on campus and they talked a bit about their ideas. One of the main things they mentioned is how unlikely it was that cells could have evolved out of random chemicals. To them, cells are far too complex to have been anything but a conscious creation, and they dispute that such a thing could have evolved out of less complex parts.

    While I am not a creationist, I did see the point of their argument - how simple amino acids and organic chemicals were first formed into cells, I have no idea.

    Does this experiment do anything to address that question? Do biologists have any ideas on how it happened?

    Of course, if scientists ever do manage to recreate cells in a lab, both sides will claim it is a victory for their side's argument...

    1. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Sheepdot · · Score: 0, Flamebait

      Does this experiment do anything to address that question? Do biologists have any ideas on how it happened?

      Abiogenesis is a hypothesis that stated that life may be able to be made from non-life. This, of course, goes against the Laws of Biogenesis, and is a fundamental tenet of Atheism. While having never been observed, it is claimed to be falsifiable, scientists just keep trying and believe that one day they'll eventually "get it".

    2. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by The+Master+Control+P · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Simple - the first life wasn't a cell. It was a bit of DNA or RNA floating in a sea rich in organic chemicals. Eventually the bits of what we'd call genes which created proteins that formed a crude shell were more likely to survive (some insulation against changing conditions). Then this little viruslike thingy got in and started making ATP and the cell ended up using that for fuel; The virus-thingy became a mitochondria. Then these simple cells competed and started adding dongles to help them compete. And then the perpetual arms race began, all the cells trying to 1-up each other with the newest addition or minor tweak.

      But for each 'stage' I described I probably left out 20 or 30 others...

    3. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by geordieboy · · Score: 1

      There a lot's of ideas about how life might have begun but not much concrete evidence as yet.
      The most promising idea is that life began as replicating strands of RNA encased in lipid membranes,
      which is not too dissimilar from what these guys are trying. Except in the RNA case, it took many hundreds of millions of years of random chemical interactions in the prebiotic ocean for the right RNA configurations with suitable inorganic catalysts to appear. It was undoubtedly a very improbable event that kickstarted life on earth, but it only had to happen once and the number of possible starting points was enormous, outweighing the improbability of the event (it is hypothesized). Once a stable replicator was present in the ocean, natural selection began to operate and led inevitably to the tree of life.

      --
      The world is everything that is the case
    4. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      Indeed. The very first life was probably far more primative than what exists today. If we introduced the first life back into the environment[1], it would probably be outcompeted by more modern life and die out. The first life could be simple because it had one advantage that current life does not have: no competition.

      [1] The first life may have evolved in an environment very different from modern Earth, so such a comparison may not mean much, but even modern "extremophile" organisms would probably adapt to a similar environment and kick its butt by eating and reproducing faster.

    5. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Vellmont · · Score: 3, Insightful


      While I am not a creationist, I did see the point of their argument - how simple amino acids and organic chemicals were first formed into cells, I have no idea.

      I think this is an important question in biology, and I'm sure no biologist would deny it. The problem comes when the creationists merely assume god must have done anything we can't explain. It's the "god in the gaps" argument that's been popular probbably since we first learned to communicate. The problem of course is that science marches on and when you try to find your god in the gaps of science, science eventually closes those gaps. Religion always fights like mad because they've invested much of their belief structure in the argument. The gaps used to be in evolution. Those gaps have closed and now the gaps have moved to the creation of life itself.

      The point that people like you were talking to seem to miss is that assuming the existence of a god to explain current lack of scientific understanding of scientific questions has always been a losing proposition. Where religion always fails is when it gets mixed up with scientific questions. Science adapts, and religion tries to cling to dogma. Religion changes too perhaps.. no one is seriously pissed off about heliocentrism anymore, it just takes about 100 times longer.

      --
      AccountKiller
    6. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by demachina · · Score: 2, Insightful

      You really need to look no further than the virus. It is little more than a small bit of DNA or RNA and a protective coating. They generally are parasites on cells since they don't have some of the machinery to reproduce on their own, but as you can tell from the epidemics and pandemics they cause they are a quite successful form of life at its most elemental level.

      One things people who fall for intelligent design refuse to appreciate is that life has had hundreds of millions of years to evolve and perfect itself. We can't get our heads around that but that is an enormous number of cycles of mutation and natural selection that would inevitably lead to great diversity and complexity over time. Living organisms have to work because if they don't they die. All the failed mutations are dead, we only see the ones that worked so we are amazed life works but if it didn't we wouldn't be here to judge.

      You would be really hard pressed to explain why an intelligent omnipotent being would have made all the design mistakes that we carry with. For example why would an intelligent designer give us an appendix that frequently threatens to kill us.

      "and they dispute that such a thing could have evolved out of less complex parts."

      So where did their creator and intelligent designer come from then? I think I could visualize random interactions of molecules leading to life better than I could that there is some omnipotent intelligence that has existed for eternity or whom just popped in to existence one day. That is at least as far fetched as amino acids randomly assembling themselves in to a virus or proto cell.

      --
      @de_machina
    7. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by tancque · · Score: 1

      Still, RNA is very unstable. Floating fragments in a sea of any kind would soon break down. DNA is more stable but still easily degraded. The change of the right fragment of polynucleotide surviving long enough to start live seems really, really small. Even if the specific fragment was fortunate enough to stumble upon a convienient lipid envelope. And then there is the "polymer factor". Even if the piece of RNA/DNA was several nucleotides long, the chance of them meeting up and reacting to form a suitable polymer seems very small. I'm not a creationist/ID-follower, but the start of live from simple building blocks seem very, very small. But then, million to 1 changes are prone to happen ;-)

      --
      Smoke me a kipper, I'll be back for breakfast!
    8. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by yardgnome · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Eugene Koonin and William Martin just came out with a fascinating paper on the LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor). Link to Article on Pubmed

      In brief: the RNA/DNA/protein worlds evolved at hydrothermal vents in inorganic chambers. At some point, the information molecules sheathed themselves in lipids and sugars, and free-living cells emerged from the vents.

      In response to at least one of your questions: the LUCA to cell transition may have taken 500 million years (primordial soup = 3.5bya, 1st evidence of prokaryotes = 3bya). That's not very long on a geologic, or even evolutionary, time scale (about 20x the time for humans to diverge from apes). But it could have been happening at thousands and thousands of vents worldwide, in thousands and thousands of inorganic chambers per vent. All of that combinatorial power adds up.

      --
      4-star general in a one-man army.
    9. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "So where did their creator and intelligent designer come from then? I think I could visualize random interactions of molecules leading to life better than I could that there is some omnipotent intelligence that has existed for eternity or whom just popped in to existence one day. That is at least as far fetched as amino acids randomly assembling themselves in to a virus or proto cell."

      As a Christian, I cannot help but agree with you. I tend to see the likelihood of either explanation as extremely difficult to accept, and so we choose to believe in one or the other. I can understand your doubts about a pre-existent Creator, because they are my own. I don't choose to believe because it is easier but because you have to choose - not choosing is its own choice - and my life makes more sense to me for believing.

    10. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by QuantumG · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Ok, then obviously talking about cells isn't going to get us anywhere. So let's talk about the analogy that ID makes: the mouse trap.

      The modern mouse trap has four parts. A base, a spring, a crushing wire and a trigger lever. If you take away any of the parts it doesn't work. The ID argument is that it must have been designed as any small change that removed one of these critical components would render the mouse trap ineffective.

      This is a powerful argument, and it is what gets most people suckered into ID. Not because it is a good argument, but simply because you believe the mouse trap was intelligently designed and by drawing analogies to structures seen in nature you fall into the same kind of thinking.

      There's one more thing most people are ignorant of that makes the argument powerful: how the modern mouse trap came about. People largely think the modern mouse trap came into the world fully formed without any evolution. Much like Edison's light bulbs, however, the mouse trap actually did evolve. The addition and removal of superfluous parts continues to this day. Designs compete much like genetic variations and the market selects which designs are improved upon.

      To suggest that a flagellum or ATP-syntase must have been intelligently designed because it is irreducibly complex is to ask us to believe that no superfluous parts could possibly have been removed from the currently "perfect" design and that the parts which make up the current design could not have served any other purpose (even though I've just mentioned two biochemical systems which have similar components).

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    11. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by The+Master+Control+P · · Score: 1
      Repeat after me:
      • Theism: The belief that God exists.
      • A-: Prefix indicating lack of.
      • A-Theism: The lack of belief that God exists.

      How on earth does abiogenesis get involved in that? The Evil Atheist Conspiracy?
    12. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by efuzzyone · · Score: 1

      But it could have been happening at thousands and thousands of vents worldwide, in thousands and thousands of inorganic chambers per vent. All of that combinatorial power adds up.

      Multiply that by millions of galaxies and planets.

      --
      Creativity uninhibited www.kreeti.com
    13. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Dimensio · · Score: 1

      This, of course, goes against the Laws of Biogenesis [wikipedia.org], and is a fundamental tenet of Atheism.

      Atheism is simply the lack of theism. It is the abscence of god-belief. It has no "fundamental tenents", and you sound like you have some kind of agenda when you make false claims like that. Well, that and making one claim about the "Law of Biogenesis" and linking to a Wikipedia article that directly contradicts you (see "They did not show that life cannot arise once, and then evolve.")

    14. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by MichaelSmith · · Score: 2, Insightful
      While I am not a creationist, I did see the point of their argument - how simple amino acids and organic chemicals were first formed into cells, I have no idea.

      Maybe so, but it doesn't address the issue of where their creator came from. Unless the creator is inherently less complex than the system it created, you need to explain how this earlier step came into being.

      These people seem to take their existance of their god as a given, not requiring explanation.

    15. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by ColaMan · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Don't forget, it happened with quantities and timescales that you cannot easily (let alone physically) comprehend.

      *the following are numbers pulled from nowhere, but help to convey the idea*

      So, it takes a billion (1,000,000,000) years for single-celled organisms to evolve. On planet with at least a billion-billion (1,000,000,000,000,000,000) bits of organic building blocks in it's oceans, randomly and constantly thrown together. So if it's a one in a million chance to do a particular step on the road to life, it'll probably happen a million times a second worldwide for a billion years.

        When you look at the numbers like *that*, the odds are pretty good you'll get something like life out the other end.

      --

      You are in a twisty maze of processor lines, all alike.
      There is a lot of hype here.
    16. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Procyon101 · · Score: 1

      Yea... I tried that with a rabbi and he shot me down.

      Sure belief against god should be antitheist... same as a pedaphile should really enjoy feet... but popular usage trumps all.

    17. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by LordLucless · · Score: 1

      No, that would be a podaphile. Peda = children (pediatrics) pod = feet (podiatry)

      --
      Just because you're paranoid doesn't mean there isn't an invisible demon about to eat your face
    18. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by The+Master+Control+P · · Score: 1

      Lack of is not equal to against. Do you believe in His Noodly Greatness? No? You must be anti-FSM. "But I don't believe that the Flying Spagetti Monster exists; how can I be 'against' something I don't even believe in?" The world is not black and white, it's shades of gray.

      People who do not believe in your religion/are not 'with you' are a lot more likely to be neutral than against. If you are convinced that they ARE against you and take things to their logical conclusion, you end up with the situation depicted in Stargate SG-1 season 9.

    19. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Vellmont · · Score: 1


      You really need to look no further than the virus. It is little more than a small bit of DNA or RNA and a protective coating. They generally are parasites on cells since they don't have some of the machinery to reproduce on their own, but as you can tell from the epidemics and pandemics they cause they are a quite successful form of life at its most elemental level.

      Viruses aren't usually defined as being alive. This is because they don't have any mechanism to reproduce themselves, but rely upon the host in able to reproduce. They're very much equivalant to computer viruses, which rely on a host operating system to reproduce.

      Not to say the definitions of life are particularly scientific. By a simple reading of the need for reproduction a mule isn't alive either because it's sterile.

      --
      AccountKiller
    20. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by julesh · · Score: 1

      So, it takes a billion (1,000,000,000) years for single-celled organisms to evolve. On planet with at least a billion-billion (1,000,000,000,000,000,000) bits of organic building blocks in it's oceans, randomly and constantly thrown together.

      Don't forget to multiply in the number of planets in the universe capable of supporting such organic building blocks, and who can even begin to predict how many that is? Millions don't even begin to get close, I would guess.

    21. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by armareum · · Score: 1
      You would be really hard pressed to explain why an intelligent omnipotent being would have made all the design mistakes that we carry with. For example why would an intelligent designer give us an appendix that frequently threatens to kill us.

      This is called serendipity. Another fine example is the recurrent laryngeal nerve http://www.boingboing.net/2005/02/20/intelligent_d esigns_.html.

      --
      Is this a rhetorical question?
    22. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by bhima · · Score: 1
      That's always been something that has annoyed and baffled me about the Abrahamic religions. Rather than sticking to things like how people should behave they feel compelled to make these bizarre assertions on unrelated topics like how the Earth was formed, where the Earth is located or how we came to be. It's almost as if they wish to derive some sort of authority with them, when in fact they destroy what little credibility they had.

      Honestly, who would believe someone on the Ten Commandments thing, knowing they had creation and heliocentric things all wrong?

      --
      Nothing in the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity.
    23. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by JonathanBoyd · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Has it occurred to you that the problem lies with some practishoners of said religions, rather than the religions themselves?

    24. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by JonathanBoyd · · Score: 1

      There is a problem with your logic. The creationist assumption is that God has always existed and then created the universe using supernatural powers. The evolutionist assumption is that non-biological matter changed via scientific processes to become biological. The first is not scientificly falsifiable/verifable (which isn't to say that it is wrong, just that it isn't in the domain of science, but coudl, if true, overrule scientific claims about how the universe started, though not about its progression). The second, however, is still rather lacking in scientific support and seems phenomenally unlikely to have happened.

    25. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Dekortage · · Score: 1

      The point that people like you were talking to seem to miss is that assuming the existence of a god to explain current lack of scientific understanding of scientific questions has always been a losing proposition.

      Quite true. It is absolutely pointless for Christians to try to convince others of their faith by trying to prove it logically and scientifically. So far, religion hasn't helped us discover vaccines, send people into space, create new plastic polymers, or any of the other things which we should expect from scientists.*

      Conversely, scientists have a habit of thinking science can figure everything out. Science can determine scientific things, sending people to the moon, deconstructing viruses to develop vaccines, etc. But, so far, science still isn't helping us be nicer people, eradicating poverty around the world, stopping violence, or any of the other things which we should expect from people of faith.*

      * These are not 100% true statements, of course. Many scientists have been driven in their quests by their faith, while many charitable people are athiests. By and large, though, famous scientists tend to be athiests, while famous humanitarians tend to be religious.

      --
      $nice = $webHosting + $domainNames + $sslCerts
    26. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by MichaelSmith · · Score: 1
      The evolutionist assumption ... seems phenomenally unlikely to have happened

      Given the numbers frequently fed into the Drake equation I don't see how anybody can reasonably conclude that the evolution of life is unlikely. It only has to happen once in the universe for somebody to be around to point out how unlikely life is. And it is a big universe.

    27. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by JonathanBoyd · · Score: 1

      You're using an equation which assumes that intellgient life will develop on fraction f_i of planets that can support life, when we only have one observed planet with intelligent life and no actual method of establishing f_i other than a guess i order to prove that life evoled on this one planet. You do see the massive, massive problems in the logic of that don't you?

    28. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by bhima · · Score: 2, Interesting
      What is a religion, if not the sum of the beliefs and practices of its adherents?

      To be sure, some practitioners are more annoying than others. However that they are doesn't remove the inherit fallacies which exist in those religions.

      --
      Nothing in the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity.
    29. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, I think God created life, and I think Vishnu did a pretty good job of it.

    30. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Crag · · Score: 1

      You're arguing the wrong point. You say "God is easier to believe in than evolution because evolution is 'rather lacking in scientific support and seems phenomenally unlikely to have happened'."

      The grandparent post was arguing that "Adding God to the equation doesn't get us any closer to an answer because we still don't know what God is or where it came from."

      The grandparent is saying creationism is like simplifying an equation by adding another variable.

      You are saying that evolution isn't solved yet, so life must be magic.

      In fact, you just proved the grandparent's point: your point doesn't get us any closer to understanding, preserving or improving life.

      The real problem with this so-called debate is that the purpose of science and religion should never be at odds. Science provides predictive models for mechanisms. Religion puts motivation into the system. How do particles stick together? The four fundamental forces. Why? Because that's how the universe works. In other words, God (or whatever your favorite diety is) setup the world. We can't understand God, but we can build models of the universe we were given.

    31. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by JonathanBoyd · · Score: 1

      When the practices of some adherents conflict with the beliefs, then the adherents are at fault, not the belief system.

    32. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by JonathanBoyd · · Score: 2, Interesting

      You're arguing the wrong point

      Actually, you are. I was disagreeing with the compairson between needing to show how non-organic chemicals turned into life with arguments about the origin of God. I was showing that in order to say that the first occured requires you to find a scientific process whereby it is liekly to occur. If you can't, then there is no reason to support the theory. God, on the other hand, does not require an origin or a scientific explanation of his existence.

      You say "God is easier to believe in than evolution because evolution is 'rather lacking in scientific support and seems phenomenally unlikely to have happened'."

      Where did I say that?

      The grandparent post was arguing that "Adding God to the equation doesn't get us any closer to an answer because we still don't know what God is or where it came from."

      If the grandparent was saying that then he's misinformed as God has already said who he is and that he didn't come from anywhere, if the Biblical account is true.

      You are saying that evolution isn't solved yet, so life must be magic.

      No, I'm saying that the theory that non-rganic chemicals could change via a scientific process into life is thus far lacking in evidence. There is no reason for me, as a scientist, to trust it.

      In fact, you just proved the grandparent's point: your point doesn't get us any closer to understanding, preserving or improving life.

      I wasn't trying to help us understand, preserve or improve life. I simply pointing out a flaw in a comaprison that GP made.

      The real problem with this so-called debate is that the purpose of science and religion should never be at odds.

      |I'm an evangelical with a degree in Physics so I knida agree on that :^)

      Science provides predictive models for mechanisms. Religion puts motivation into the system. How do particles stick together? The four fundamental forces. Why? Because that's how the universe works. In other words, God (or whatever your favorite diety is) setup the world. We can't understand God, but we can build models of the universe we were given.

      I half agree with you there. Science doesn't tell us how the universe works. It merely gives us a description of how it appears to work, based on observations. The underlying truth of how it works could be completely different, but as long as the model gives us results that match our observations, we can't really tell the difference and we're happy. I guess we're getting into the realms of philosophy of science here. In fact I'm coming round to the view that all science degrees should have a compulosry philosophy of science component in the first year.

      Anyway, science is handy for making prediciotns about the future and figuring out the likely reason why something happened in the past. Trouble is that it's possible fore God to go and do something miraculous and then for our observations to not be able to tell the difference between that and something ordinary happening. Hypothetically, if God created the world in 6 dyas in a per-aged satate, so that it looked like it was 13.7 billion years old, we wouldn't be able to tell the difference between that and a universe that really was created 13.7 billion years old. As long as the univer works as if it was 13.7 billion years old, then we can build our scientific models on the assumption that the universe is 13.7 billion years old. It might only be a few thousand years old in reality, but it makes no difference to our models. Too many people (including many scientists) don't seem to get this, which is quite sad because it ends up with a lot of scientists wasting their time warring with religion and a lot of religious people bashing science in the name of God.

    33. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by drooling-dog · · Score: 1
      religion hasn't helped us discover vaccines, send people into space, create new plastic polymers, or any of the other things which we should expect from scientists.

      So true. This points out a difficulty that the creationists - and indeed most of the public - have with the word "theory". They will say that this or that is "just a theory" in the sense that it is not yet a "fact". In science, of course, "facts" are (if they are anything, because scientists rarely use that word) merely observations. Theories are not so much "true" or "false" as they are successful or unsuccessful. You can do a lot of nifty things with a successful theory, like the vaccines and space travel and polymers that you mention. When a theory is successful, it gives you some confidence that you're at least getting close to approximating the "truth", and less successful competing theories are cast aside.

      Religion, on the other hand, purports to be Absolute Truth right out of the box. As absolute truth, it can never change in the light of new knowledge. Or if there is change, it will happen slowly and no attention will be directed toward the process. For the most part, the people whose lives religion was designed to control won't care about these questions anyway.

    34. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by drooling-dog · · Score: 1
      Where religion always fails is when it gets mixed up with scientific questions.

      Indeed. If you read the books of the Bible, you see nothing more than the understanding of the physical world that ordinary people had at the time they were written, and perhaps less than that which the Greeks had already achieved. Inspired by God as they purportedly were, it wouldn't have been unreasonable to expect a little more.

      no one is seriously pissed off about heliocentrism anymore

      They should be, though. It doesn't fit into Genesis theology any better now than it did in Gallileo's time. I think it's just been dropped as a talking point out of little more than embarassment.

    35. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Dekortage · · Score: 1

      ...the people whose lives religion was designed to control won't care about these questions anyway.

      And the people whose lives science was designed to control won't care much about real right and wrong in the world.

      --
      $nice = $webHosting + $domainNames + $sslCerts
    36. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There seems to be an awful lot of "faith" in science neccesary to accept evolution and the origin of life being an accident. What is so difficult about believing in a Creator? When you look at a building, or ancient architecture, you don't assume the stones all just happened to come together into that shape; you assume that a civilization in the past built it. Anytime you have something created, you have a creator. Job, the oldest book ever found, speaks of God as if it's a given. It has only been in the last few hundred years people have actually thought that there is NO higher power. I'm just curious as to why most evolutionists seem so threatened by creationism. If it's all a bunch of mumbo-jumbo, then why even pay attention to it? Why block it from being taught in schools if "any intelligent person" would see evolution making more sense that creation? Just some thoughts.

    37. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by drooling-dog · · Score: 1
      And the people whose lives science was designed to control won't care much about real right and wrong in the world.

      Proponents of competing scientific theories aren't killing each other, last I checked. The "morality" espoused by the religious right, on the other hand, seems limited in scope to that which is necessary to suppress the rights of women and maintain a patriarchal society.

      On the whole, it appears to me that religion has served more to exempt its adherents from any reasonable notion of morality than to impose a comprehensive code of it own. With God on your side, what atrocities are you not free to commit?

    38. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Dekortage · · Score: 1

      The "morality" espoused by the religious right, on the other hand, seems limited in scope to that which is necessary to suppress the rights of women and maintain a patriarchal society... With God on your side, what atrocities are you not free to commit?

      *sigh*

      When are people going to realize that Christianity in modern America is precisely the kind of Pharisee-like system that Jesus preached against? Christians are called to be known by their love and sacrifice... and yet are more famous for suppression of rights and ignorance of wrongs.

      There are any number of Christians who we can all agree "got it right" -- Dr. Martin Luther King, Dr. Charles Malek, Nelson Mandela, Mother Theresa, and the like. They are, unfortunately, in the vast minority.

      --
      $nice = $webHosting + $domainNames + $sslCerts
    39. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      look, people have butchered god and his message in his name forever. i don't see anything inconsistent with the earth not being what people consider the center of the universe at all.

      if you believe the bible, god came to earth and lived a lowly peasent life. he was NOT the center of attention. he was prophesied, basically, to be nothing special in the looks department - ioe, god in the flesh had no physical attraction.

      god is not like humans - he's centered on love and concern, not on self centeredness, high places, praise from men and all the "glory" stuff that is based on the lusts of mankind.

      given how god appeared on earth and what he did, it is no surprise that the earth is "just another planet" as jesus came as just another peasent.

      people just don't understand a god not made in their own selfish interests. don't blame this self centered human failing on god, though.

    40. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by drooling-dog · · Score: 1
      When are people going to realize that Christianity in modern America is precisely the kind of Pharisee-like system that Jesus preached against?

      Take heart: I agree with you completely on this point. The real tragedy is that so many Christians (and Muslims, and...) fail to reflect on the roots of their faith sufficiently to understand when it is being cynically used to exploit them or even to enlist them into evil. That's why the political use of religion that we're now seeing is so dangerous: People will follow the banner of God regardless of who might be carrying it, or for what purpose.

    41. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by demachina · · Score: 1

      To each his own, but choosing to believe something just because it makes you feel better isn't particularly useful or rationale. It is a key reason many knowledgable people abhor the extent to which religion is dominating the thinking of so many in the U.S. in particular. You no longer need to look for rationale explanation for anything, you just take a leap of faith and you can believe and explain away anything. Just because a crackpot used religion as a basis for explaining somethine you just accept it, no proof required, no difficult thinking as to whether it make sense or is right. The crackpot has the perfect defense, there is an omnipotent being at work, you can't see him, you can't question him, the crackpot can't prove it, just accept it as a matter of faith. It is a mindset that as its logical conclusion will push humankind back in to an intellectual dark age.

      The key weakness in the religious mindset is you probably, like most people, fear death and mortality. Religion gives you an easy out, when you die you won't die you will go to heaven and everything will be wonderful. It is one of the more insidious aspects of religion. It prays on one of mankind's greater fears to recruit converts. The converts in turn pour money in to the the religion's coffers and give its leader's power and affluence. You in turn get the comfort that if you lead a virtuous life you will have immortality. It is a suckers game.

      --
      @de_machina
    42. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Grishnakh · · Score: 1

      The practices of the adherents reflect the beliefs of the adherents. As the parent said, a religion is the sum of the practices and beliefs of the adherents. If you're an outside observer, who are you to say what the beliefs of the adherents are, or should be?

    43. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Vellmont · · Score: 1


      Mother Theresa, and the like

      Mother Theresa certainly got a lot of good press, but her particular brand of religion encourged suffering, not the relief of it.

      --
      AccountKiller
    44. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by JonathanBoyd · · Score: 1

      The belief of the adherent may not be the same as the belief they claim to subscribe to, which is where your chain of logic falls down. Adherent_1 believes X_1, while Adherent_2 believes X_2. Both claim to adhere to religion_alpha but X_1 and X_2 are mutually exclusive. One of them, at most, can be correctly representing religion_alpha.

    45. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Grishnakh · · Score: 1

      This only makes sense if you have small numbers of adherents. With large numbers of adherents, you have to accept that any claims held by a sufficient percentage of the total number adherents is representative of that religion.

      So, for instance, if 75% of all Christians believe that the earth is 6000 years old, then I believe that it would be valid to say that "Christians believe that the earth is 6000 years old." Similarly, if 40% of Christians believed this, I would also believe that same claim to be valid, though it would certainly be more accurate to preface the statement with "Many". However, if only 2% of Christians believed in a young earth, then it would certainly be rather fallacious to make such a claim.

      You don't need to have unanimous agreement by a group of people to make statements generalizing that group.

    46. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by labnet · · Score: 1

      I am so sick of this lame argument being used against creationists.
      ie, that religion & science wrt creation are incompatible.
      You are the sort of guy that would believe if you had enough sand and lightning strikes (billions of them of course), you would get a Pentium microprocessor.
      God clearly says he enjoys us working out the mechanics of what he intelligently created.
      http://wiki.cotch.net/index.php/Many_famous_scient ists_were_creationists

      If God created the initial rules and mechanics of life; How does this oppose science? All science is doing, is reverse engineering. It's like someone gave you a PC with an OS installed, but no instructions on how to use it. So you spend your life working out how it works. You propose theories, test them. You see if you can replicate them and apply your knowledge to create other things.
      Again, how does this oppose religion/existance of God?
      Evolution is a religion in itself used to try and justify a Godless existance, in some vain hope that you will not be personably answerable to your creator.
      Good Luck!

      --
      46137
    47. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by ohmypolarbear · · Score: 1
      One things people who fall for intelligent design refuse to appreciate is that life has had hundreds of millions of years to evolve and perfect itself.
      One thing people who argue against intelligent design refuse to appreciate is that religious establishments have had (in most cases) thousands of years to insist that "it's always been this way." They're using an entirely different structure of argument than you, and so the chances of getting through to them using the traditional evolutionist (hell, let's just say scientist - it's happened before and it'll happen again) arguments in any reasonable amount of time are about as good as life spontaneously appearing on a planet. Remember, for the Christian die-hards, the source of all their knowledge and reasoning is a book that stopped getting edited nearly 2,000 years ago. When a scientist goes up against a heavily indoctrinated religious type, perhaps the best way to get them to listen is to present an argument in terms of religion. Here's something different to try:

      -If God created everything, why did he make it look like he didn't?

      Assuming He had some reason for the above:
      -God made us curious. Shouldn't we use our curiosity to investigate this universe that He created for us, including, say, life?
      -How did God create everything/anything? What's the big problem with looking for these mechanisms?

      I think many creationists would be a lot less militant if they realized that the science teachers who are opposing all of these pushes into the school system are not trying to shut down The Church. The big issue that they don't seem to understand is that we're dealing with two separate ideas that don't necessarily conflict and that have their place in two separate arenas. Evolution as a natural phenomenon (which is as far as it went in my high school biology class) does not need to conflict with anything the creationists teach. However, evolution is a theory that is based on observation, conjecture, testing and proof, and so belongs in a science classroom, while Creationism Intelligent Design is a philosophical construction based on ancient texts, mythology and Faith, and so belongs in a philosophy/history/social studies/sunday school classroom. Look, that's four to one - remind me again why they need to insert themselves into the science classrooms, too?

      ---
      If the Finger of God is a lightning bolt, then maybe He did zap the primordial soup! Or maybe He was just microwaving His lunch...

    48. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by timbo234 · · Score: 1

      Again, how does this oppose religion/existance of God?
      Evolution is a religion in itself used to try and justify a Godless existance, in some vain hope that you will not be personably answerable to your creator.


      Science does not say that god exists, nor does it say go ddoesn't exist, it simply says 'there's no way to prove or disprove it so its out of scope'. Its the religious world that is trying to distort science in the public's mind to include stuff about god (even though this is incompatible with the very definition of science). In short science is the innocent victim here, being attacked by a desperate fundamentalist movement in organised religion.

      --
      Pre-canned Evolution Links for all those Slashdot holy wars.
    49. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by timbo234 · · Score: 1

      But, so far, science still isn't helping us be nicer people, eradicating poverty around the world, stopping violence, or any of the other things which we should expect from people of faith.

      I don't see how eradicating poverty is primarily the job of religion. If it wasn't for science there would be no developed world to compare with the developing world and say "we're rich, they're poor". We'd all be living either as medieval peasants under feudal warlords or in hunter-gatherer tribes.

      --
      Pre-canned Evolution Links for all those Slashdot holy wars.
    50. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by bhima · · Score: 1

      My point precisely! I would go a step further and say lacking a single body of thought that all members of a particular group of Abrahamics interpret the same way and agree to its contents this is the only fair or reasonable method to determine what is and what is not, part of that particular belief system.

      --
      Nothing in the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity.
    51. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Dekortage · · Score: 1

      Eradicating poverty is one of the central commands of God in the Christian Bible, in both the Old and New Testaments. The earliest church (e.g. Peter, Paul, James, etc.) had community sharing programs, and welfare projects for widows and orphans, that put most of America's churches to shame. Science has not made us rich. Business has made us rich. Money drives science.

      As for history, most sociologists today (secular and otherwise) believe that the Protestant Reformation was directly responsible for the Industrial Revolution.

      --
      $nice = $webHosting + $domainNames + $sslCerts
    52. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by JonathanBoyd · · Score: 1
      This only makes sense if you have small numbers of adherents. With large numbers of adherents, you have to accept that any claims held by a sufficient percentage of the total number adherents is representative of that religion.

      Not at all. you can say that that they are representative of a large number of people who claim to follow a religion, but that's it.

      So, for instance, if 75% of all Christians believe that the earth is 6000 years old, then I believe that it would be valid to say that "Christians believe that the earth is 6000 years old." Similarly, if 40% of Christians believed this, I would also believe that same claim to be valid, though it would certainly be more accurate to preface the statement with "Many". However, if only 2% of Christians believed in a young earth, then it would certainly be rather fallacious to make such a claim.

      There's a difference between making claims about what many Christians believe and making claims about what Christianity says. Christianity is not belief by consensus. It is a revealed religion and what constitutes it is therefore dependent on what God has reveal in the Bible.

      You don't need to have unanimous agreement by a group of people to make statements generalizing that group.

      I never made claims about that. I was saying that the beliefs that constitute a religion can differ from the beliefs and actions of those who claim to follow the religion. Christians get things wrong. But the problem is with them getting their beliefs wrong, rather than with Christianity being wrong.

    53. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Grishnakh · · Score: 1

      Not at all. you can say that that they are representative of a large number of people who claim to follow a religion, but that's it.

      Wrong. A religion is a group of people who have a common belief. It's not some holy book with some "truth" in it. This is a common fallacy held by religious people.

      There's a difference between making claims about what many Christians believe and making claims about what Christianity says. Christianity is not belief by consensus. It is a revealed religion and what constitutes it is therefore dependent on what God has reveal in the Bible.

      Wrong. Christianity is a religion composed of a billion people worldwide. This "revealed religion" stuff is just a belief held by Christians, but to an outside observer such as myself, it's all crap, so as far as I'm concerned, Christianity is the sum of the beliefs held by its believers.

      The problem with this idea of what a god has revealed in the Bible is that the Bible can be interpreted in an infinite number of ways. Many Christians have interpreted the Bible to say that the earth is 6000 years old. Who the hell are you to tell them they're wrong? Some Christians have interpreted it to say the earth is flat, though this is no longer a popular view.

      I never made claims about that. I was saying that the beliefs that constitute a religion can differ from the beliefs and actions of those who claim to follow the religion. Christians get things wrong. But the problem is with them getting their beliefs wrong, rather than with Christianity being wrong.

      Again, you're playing god now, by saying their beliefs are wrong simply because they interpreted some religious texts differently than you. I could call myself a Christian tomorrow, read the Bible, and proclaim on my website that according to my interpretation that God is a bat, and that all who disagree with me are not true Christians or have incorrect beliefs. In reality, since there would then be 1 billion Christians who think I'm a nut, and only 1 person (me) who believes God is a bat, it would be stupid to say that those 1 billion people are all incorrect. This is basically what you're claiming.

    54. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by JonathanBoyd · · Score: 1

      Wrong. A religion is a group of people who have a common belief. It's not some holy book with some "truth" in it. This is a common fallacy held by religious people.

      Christianity is a religion composed of a billion people worldwide.

      Those billion people have quite a few different beliefs, many of them contradicting each other. Which one is truly Christianity? Given that the Bible is the source of Christian belief (or rather, God's word revealed there, but I'm guessing you don't believe it's God's word, so we'll stick with 'the Bible' for now).

      This "revealed religion" stuff is just a belief held by Christians, but to an outside observer such as myself, it's all crap, so as far as I'm concerned, Christianity is the sum of the beliefs held by its believers.

      Christianity is the sum of the beliefs held by its believers -> Its believers believe that the source of what they believe is the Bible -> They believe that Christianity is what God has revealed in the Bible -> Christianity is what God has revealed in the Bible.

      The problem with this idea of what a god has revealed in the Bible is that the Bible can be interpreted in an infinite number of ways.

      The problem with what you say is that can be interpreted in an infinite number if ways. Thing is that most of those interpretations are wrong. How do we work out which one is right? Rules of the language, definition of words, context, etc. Same with the Bible. Sure, people can claim to interpret it lots of different ways, but it doesn't mean they're right. Look up the words 'exegesis' and 'hermeneutics'

      Many Christians have interpreted the Bible to say that the earth is 6000 years old. Who the hell are you to tell them they're wrong?

      Didn't you just call me wrong for several things? See the previous paragraph.

      Some Christians have interpreted it to say the earth is flat, though this is no longer a popular view.

      That would be because the Bible doesn't say it.

      Again, you're playing god now

      By saying the Bible is the source of Christian belief rather than any individual or group of individuals?

      by saying their beliefs are wrong simply because they interpreted some religious texts differently than you

      See above. There is such a thing as correct interpretation and incorrect interpretation. Using the rules of grammar, definitions of words, context, comparison with other bits of the Bible, etc. it's quite possible to work out which interpretation is right. That's one of the things they train people to do at seminaries, Bible colleges, on theology degrees, etc.

      I could call myself a Christian tomorrow, read the Bible, and proclaim on my website that according to my interpretation that God is a bat, and that all who disagree with me are not true Christians or have incorrect beliefs. In reality, since there would then be 1 billion Christians who think I'm a nut, and only 1 person (me) who believes God is a bat, it would be stupid to say that those 1 billion people are all incorrect. This is basically what you're claiming.

      I'm claiming it would be stupid to say those people are incorrect for calling you a nut? I'm not sure you want to put that question in front of me.

      Seriously though, you're not suggesting that truth is democratic are you? If a billion people read your post and interpret it is saying that you intend to send me a million dollars, would you be a nut for disagreeing with them? Truth is not consensual, it is absolute. That means that a lot of people calling themselves Christians will hold beliefs that are contrary to Christianity. Not necessarily to the extent that they don't have a saving faith

    55. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by timbo234 · · Score: 1

      Science has not made us rich. Business has made us rich. Money drives science.

      Business has only been able to make us rich because of the discoveries of science. The advance of science is what has enabled our economies to expand - its allowed us to access new resources and develop more efficient ways of doing things.

      As for history, most sociologists today (secular and otherwise) believe that the Protestant Reformation was directly responsible for the Industrial Revolution.

      Nonsense. The industrial revolution began because the increasing levels of wealth in Britain and other colonial-powers in Europe lead to a sharply increased demand in goods. This couldn't be met by the old cottage-industry type of manual labour and animal power that was the main form of manufacturing in pre-industrial times. This increased demand lead scientists to research and develop more efficient mechanical means of production - industrialisation. The protestant reformation happened in the 16th century, around 250 years before the industrial revolution.

      --
      Pre-canned Evolution Links for all those Slashdot holy wars.
    56. Re:Source of creation, or evolution? by Grishnakh · · Score: 1

      Those billion people have quite a few different beliefs, many of them contradicting each other. Which one is truly Christianity?

      They're all Christians, just different sects. The beliefs that they hold in common are "beliefs of Christians". The beliefs that differ are "beliefs of ". Beliefs held by a large enough number can be generalized to be "beliefs of Christians" in casual conversation, although it may not be exactly correct since there's so many sects with different beliefs. If I say in conversation "Christians don't think it's a good idea to play with poisonous snakes", I think that's a reasonably true statement, even though the snake-handlers would disagree. They're just so small that they don't matter.

      Christianity is the sum of the beliefs held by its believers -> Its believers believe that the source of what they believe is the Bible -> They believe that Christianity is what God has revealed in the Bible -> Christianity is what God has revealed in the Bible.

      This logic isn't correct. It breaks down at the last step, because that last statement assumes that there is a "God". The correct summary is that Christians believe the source of their belief is the Bible, and also they believe Christianity is what God revealed in the Bible, but it ends there. Different Christians disagree on what exactly has been "revealed" in the Bible.

      Thing is that most of those interpretations are wrong. How do we work out which one is right? Rules of the language, definition of words, context, etc. Same with the Bible. Sure, people can claim to interpret it lots of different ways, but it doesn't mean they're right.

      Incorrect. There is no right or wrong interpretation. Although many people don't like it, shades of gray do exist. The only way to "correctly" interpret any text written by a human is to have omnipotent power to peer into the mind of the writer, at the time they write the text, and understand exactly what they're thinking as they write it. Human language is an inherently imperfect communications medium, and there will never be an absolutely "correct" interpretation of any text written in a human language.

      That would be because the Bible doesn't say it.

      Maybe according to your interpretation, but there are passages which can be interpreted this way, just as it can be interpreted as saying the earth is 6,000 years old (there's parts that describe various men in a family line, and tell exactly how long they lived (usually in hundreds of years). Add them up and you get 6,000 years.)

      By saying the Bible is the source of Christian belief rather than any individual or group of individuals?

      The Bible may be the supposed source of Christian belief, but Christian beliefs themselves are the beliefs of the adherents of Christianity.

      See above. There is such a thing as correct interpretation and incorrect interpretation. Using the rules of grammar, definitions of words, context, comparison with other bits of the Bible, etc. it's quite possible to work out which interpretation is right. That's one of the things they train people to do at seminaries, Bible colleges, on theology degrees, etc.

      Wrong. As I pointed out before, there is no absolute way to correctly interpret any text. What's more, people have been studying the Bible for many centuries, and no one has come to an agreement on what it says. This is why we still have Catholics, Baptists, Methodists, Mormons, Jehovah's Witnesses, etc. Each of these groups has theologians who have studied the Bible. So are you going to tell me now that one of these groups is correct, and everyone else is wrong? Why should I believe you instead of a Catholic theologian? Or a Mormon theologian? Or a snake-handling theologian for that matter? Are you a theologian? If you hold up theologians as having opinions more important than non-theologians, then which theologians do you believe?

      Seriously though, you're not suggesting that truth is

  30. Alive or dead? by UR30 · · Score: 1

    Quote: "Rasmussen and his colleagues had to begin with the most basic of questions: what is the least something must do to qualify as being alive?" - A question to die for!

  31. The Human Bug = Virus by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Sounds like a name for a video game: "The Los Alamos Bug".

    Here's the storyline: A new artificially created bug escapes the Los Alamos National Laboratory. This bug evolves into a virus and kills almost all of the human population... etc...

  32. Not playing God... by clambake · · Score: 4, Funny

    Just to remind everyone, it's not playing God if you aren't creating life with pure will power alone...

    1. Re:Not playing God... by spongman · · Score: 5, Funny

      I wonder if they'll take the day off when they're done.

    2. Re:Not playing God... by Overzeetop · · Score: 1

      A man dies and finds himself at the end of a long line of people. At the front of the line is St. Peter, with the pearly gates behind. After hours in line, a man in surgeons scrubs appears and walks past everyone in line and straight up to St. Peter, who smiles and nods slightly as the surgeon walks through the pearly gates. Outraged, the man runs up to the front of the line and asks St. Peter why the surgeon was allowed to bypass the queue and go right into Heaven. "Do not fret, dear sir," replies St. Peter, "That was God. He just thinks he's a doctor."

      --
      Is it just my observation, or are there way too many stupid people in the world?
    3. Re:Not playing God... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Reminds me of a joke...

      Man is getting big for his britches, figuring he can create life, etc. So God calls up a scientist and says 'okay, if you're so all-knowing and powerful, make me a tree'.

      The scientist smiles, goes into his lab, grabs a handful of dirt and gets to work...

      God says 'Um, sorry, no. You'll have to supply your own dirt'.

    4. Re:Not playing God... by drooling-dog · · Score: 1
      it's not playing God if you aren't creating life with pure will power alone...

      The day may not be far off when the NIH is forced to fund grants to groups of people to do exactly that. The creationist/ID folks are trying to sell their religion as science, but I have yet to see any papers describing the experiments that they must be doing. Maybe I'm reading the wrong journals?

  33. i call shenanigans by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I find the entire article to be smug. Nothing has been created yet. It's simple gloating and publicity by the "scientists" who have created nothing, but want attention.

  34. To Be Seen At Nova PBS by Quirk · · Score: 0, Flamebait
    A recent segment of Nova dealt with this and can be watched online.

    What bugged me was that at the intro to the episode the narrator, a bad comic if I've ever seen one and an anchor dragging down a once good program, spoke of the work as the greatest work since creation. The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was then flashed on the screen showing the 'Creator's' hand outstreached to the reaching hand of his creation, Adam. IMO it stank of lip service to the American fundamentalist neoconservatives.

    --
    "Academicians are more likely to share each other's toothbrush than each other's nomenclature."
    Cohen
    1. Re:To Be Seen At Nova PBS by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There is nothing specifically American about neoconservatives or fundamentalists. And you're guilty of mixing buzzwords. The neoconservative camp within the right half of the American political spectrum is in direct opposition to the Christian fundamentalist camp. The two are extremely unomfortable bedfellows. That's why there's a big schism right now within that camp over the stem cell issue and intelligent design. If you dislike the American fundamentalist movement and view it as a threat to your way of life, your interests would be better served in widening that schism, instead of insulting fundamentalists and neoconservatives as if they were the same thing.

  35. Sure, they can produce clean fuels by blueadept1 · · Score: 1

    But do they taste good dipped in chocolate?

  36. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by Mikmorg · · Score: 1

    A balance between Religion and Science, or self control? I believe the latter is more appropriate. We as a society tend to blame everything on everyone else, claiming the least responsibility. If we were to pick up after ourselves, and look out for our own future and those of others, we would be fine proliferating science to any degree. Any level of science has its pros and cons, being an intrinsic quality of any worth-while field. This even includes theology. When one discovery is made, the appropriate contra-field should be in place as immediately as possible; being the responsibility of society in general. This is the balance I believe in. DISCLAIMER: All above is IMHO.

    --
    Codito, ergo sum.
  37. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Tell me, does it ever get tiring to ride your little political hobbyhorse 24/7/365?

  38. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by AbraCadaver · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I'm hoping the parent was trying to be funny (the sasser worm??) but may inflame people who actually think like this, so I'll bite. And yes, this is relevant.

    In all the "we are playing god" arguments that I've heard, I ask "where in the Bible/Talmud/Torah/Qur'an does it say 'Ye shall not create life'?". No one can ever give me a direct quote where it says we are forbidden from doing so. So, with that in mind, and given that we are given, the parent would say, from our devine creator, the gifts of intelligence AND curiosity, who is to say that we are not expressly ALLOWED to do this because we were granted the abilities. Now I'm sure I'll get replys that say "well, I'm given the ability to kill or steal, but it doesn't mean that I'm ALLOWED to do so..." and for the asshat that comes up with this argument, I'll counter with: Taking Life or Doing Harm (TM), in that intent, is usually a direct, willful act of agression. Creating, whether it be life, or a painting, or a controversial book, is not intended to be directly harmful in most cases, especially if the intent is to learn, or open a discourse, etc. Sure, some science has yielded results that might be harmful to someone in some circumstance, but I, driving my car to work, might be harmful to someone, in some circumstance, whether it be hitting them or poisoning the air of their great grand children and causing global warming, the seas to melt, and all of us end up doing bad Kevin Costner impersonations. My point is, and this is my own opinion, that the intent of most of the religious texts of the world seem to be "don't be evil bastards." How can creation be evil, when it's A) not intended to be evil, and B) Not even expressly forbidden? (that I know of)

    Flame away!

  39. Applications sound like BS by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The article sites these hypothetical applications:
    1. Creation of Hydrogen
    2. Biological Probes
    3. Breakdown of toxics.

    At the same time they describe a restricted form of life that has properties:

    1. Very inefficient metabolism, even compared with ordinary photosynthesis
    2. Very restricted environment for survival (variable temp. bath of PNA precursor and oil/lipid/water mix.)
    3. Reliance on a few years of evolution in a tiny physical space (compared to, say, 100 million years in a primordial ocean.)

    Of the 3 ideas, the only one that sounds remotely feasible is (3), with (1) a distant second. I would think it would be much easier to design enzymatic processes to fit into preexisting life for such applications, rather than start over from scratch, then design enzymes for a new (toy) environment.

    Of course, the real issue is -- this is a way coool experiment. Note the concrete focus on the nobel prize, with wild handwaving as far as applications go. There may be applications. But I doubt they will be as direct or obvious as the 3 listed in the article.

  40. I think they got it wrong. by mrselfdestrukt · · Score: 0

    From the article:
    with a blend of three different factors crucial to life - sex, drugs and rock'n roll.

    --
    "I used to have that really cool,funny sig ,but it got stolen."
  41. About PNA.. by QuantumG · · Score: 2, Informative

    peptide nucleic acid apparently. See also this page. Hopefully this research will at least develop new techniques for handling and monitoring chemical systems. As for the religious implications, *yawn*.

    --
    How we know is more important than what we know.
    1. Re:About PNA.. by Vintermann · · Score: 1

      Religious implications?! Religious implications?!? It's almost as if that stupid line has become a new slashdot meme of its own.

      Science: The Los Alamos Bug - Think of the religious implications!

      NASA Scraps Shuttle And Returns to Rockets - Think of the religious implications!

      Science: Deep in the Core - Think of the religious implications!

      End User License Gems - Think of the freakin' religious implications!!!

      --
      xkcd is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.
    2. Re:About PNA.. by ivoras · · Score: 1
      Will someone pleeeaaze think of the children!

      :)

      --
      -- Sig down
  42. I've created......an ego by Tablizer · · Score: 2, Funny

    "I've done it! It's alive, ALIVE!"

    "Now, bow down and worship me, you microscopic lump of lard or i'll flush you!"

  43. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by CosmeticLobotamy · · Score: 1

    Any intelligent life form created by man is doomed to an eternity hell, since Jesus didn't die for its sins. Do we really want this responsibility on our hands?

    Oh, come on, let's do it! God's not a cruel guy, or so I hear. I'm sure he'll send down his only begotten robot to be reformatted for all the other robots' sins. Bring on Robo-Jesus!

    Or pile-of-intelligent-sludge-Jesus, I guess. Whichever way we go about making the intelligent life. I'd really prefer Robo-Jesus, though.

  44. One last touch by Tablizer · · Score: 2, Funny

    "So now we've carefully put everything from the checklist in so that we know exactly what's in there and what's not. Next we put the lid o...ah...aaaaah CHHHOOOO!!"

    "Oh shit"

    1. Re:One last touch by n.e.watson · · Score: 0

      ... and thus the Great Green Arkleseizure came to pass.

  45. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by fbartho · · Score: 1

    minor nitpick: by allowed you probably mean intended... this of course assumes we have free will... God Allows us to do anything, God would rather we follow the righteous path. and the debate is whether creating life is a good or a bad thing(tm).

    --
    Gravity Sucks
  46. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by teslafreak · · Score: 0
    "Am I the only one who is slightly disturbed by this trend for scientists to attempt to usurp the powers of our Almighty Creator?"

    Nope. This seems like a pretty bad idea to me too. Guess we'll just have to wait and see.

  47. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 weeks a year?

  48. Suggestion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...maybe it wasn't such a smart idea to announce they were creating life artificially. Me, I'd wait until I had a foolproof process, then release the full details everywhere simultaneously -

    - and anonymously.

    Seriously, there's some whackos out there. I wouldn't want to answer the door to a fundamentalist-mob-o-gram.

  49. Time is a factor by WindBourne · · Score: 2, Insightful

    The fact that it took about the planets lifetime to form the first cells (BILLIONS of years) smacks of evolution rather than creationism. or did god simply take billions of years to think that he might like life here?

    --
    I prefer the "u" in honour as it seems to be missing these days.
    1. Re:Time is a factor by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      did god simply take billions of years to think that he might like life here

      I could understand it...

  50. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by Fulcrum+of+Evil · · Score: 1

    In all the "we are playing god" arguments that I've heard, I ask "where in the Bible/Talmud/Torah/Qur'an does it say 'Ye shall not create life'?".

    Dunno about specific verses, but Judeo Christian dogma seems pretty adamant that trying to put yourself on a level with God is a serious sin, basically what Lucifer did. Creating life may be viewed as an example of that; personally, I don't care. I want to see how we do.

    --
    "We returned the General to El Salvador, or maybe Guatemala, it's difficult to tell from 10,000 feet"
  51. Sai Dorsai! by jscotta44 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Obviously you have never read "Dorsai". Where they discuss this very thing. For example, what would happen if a bunch of apes could design and build the ultimate ape. Would it have the intelligence of home sapiens? Probably not. Rather it would have more strength, greater size, more powerful jaws, better olfactory glands, etc. It would probably not have a better mental capacity to conceptualize and build tools like a man (or woman if you insist on PC).

    Thus, could we really build real better people? Sure we could enhance those features that we believe are important today. But could we conceptualize and build a better human with skills and capabilities that we can't even imagine? Perhaps.

    1. Re:Sai Dorsai! by QuantumG · · Score: 1

      could we really build real better people?

      No, but it would make for an interesting plotline to a sci-fi movie where you already knew all the characters and had been waiting years to find out what the hell it was all about.

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    2. Re:Sai Dorsai! by hitmark · · Score: 4, Insightful

      i guess thats where evolution outperforms us. it gives randomness a chance and therefor can discover a better brain by chance.

      thing is realy, how to put evolution into effect when creating a microchip or a computer program. and then how to test against parameters so that the program becomes self aware.

      ie, the moment we can set down the requirements for selfawareness then we can build something thats selfaware. atleast in theory.

      and yes, i have not read the book or whatever it is your refering to. maybe ill have to look it up sometime.

      still, i belive one could build a more intelligent "being", that is if one fully understood what it is that make up intelligence. understanding what makes it stronger or faster is simple. understanding intelligence is hard.

      but it seems that current research shows that the brain is a neural net in a chemical bath. drop the right amounts of the right chemicals and the neural net pathways are changed or disabled.

      so, stacking a bayesian system of values on top of a neural net so that they interact and one should get some interesting results if one pipe the raw data of video and audio into the same setup and let it run for any number of years.

      but as of now we dont fully understand how the brain works, and therefor can not yet build a better one. but if we manage to figure out how it works then we should allso be able to design a better one. atleast in theory.

      so yes, the monkeys would not be able to build a smarter monkey as they dont have the knowhow about how smartness is designed. but if they understood that then they may well have been able to build a smarter monkey.

      thing is tho that to fully understand a brain we may well have to put in into a jar and play around with it while its still "alive". but that flys in the face of medical ethics. maybe its time we have another round of nazi medical research? we may not like what they did, but the results where used to help medical science move forward...

      --
      comment first, facts later. http://chem.tufts.edu/AnswersInScience/RelativityofWrong.htm
    3. Re:Sai Dorsai! by diablomonic · · Score: 1

      ok, but we'll use your brain hehe

      --
      watch "the money masters" on google video
    4. Re:Sai Dorsai! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Stop right where you are. You know the score pal. If you're not cop, you're little people.

      (superior in strength and agility, and at least equal in intelligence, to the genetic engineers who created them, etc...)

    5. Re:Sai Dorsai! by FireFury03 · · Score: 1

      how to put evolution into effect when creating a microchip or a computer program

      You might want to look up genetic algorithms. Although one of the problems with them is that it can be very difficult to know *why* the resulting algorithm works so it's not usually suitable for safety critical applications.

    6. Re:Sai Dorsai! by maxwell+demon · · Score: 1
      one of the problems with them is that it can be very difficult to know *why* the resulting algorithm works

      The same is of course true for the brain.
      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    7. Re:Sai Dorsai! by FireFury03 · · Score: 1

      The same is of course true for the brain.

      Indeed it is - and humans are often not trusted to do things in safety critical applications. However, many people (myself included) have trouble accepting the idea that a computer will always know better than a trained person. And infact there are examples where a computer has got things wrong and there has been no way for someone to override systems (there have been fly-by-wire crashes caused by this problem).

      I guess what I'm saying is that whatever the system there should always be a way to override it (unless it's performing an operation that a human could not perform) - whether that be a pilot overriding a computer that's getting things wrong, or a copilot overriding a real pilot who's getting things wrong.

    8. Re:Sai Dorsai! by greg_barton · · Score: 1

      Methinks you'd be interested in this.

    9. Re:Sai Dorsai! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I nominate you (hitmark) for the first round of "live" brain in a bottle experiments.

  52. Re:vfrist st@op! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Do trolls even try anymore these days?

  53. Only one possible response... by Cally · · Score: 1
    The researchers believe that the synthetic lives so created will have an enormous practical value
    --
    "None are more hopelessly enslaved than those who falsely believe they are free." -- Goethe
  54. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by EngMedic · · Score: 1

    Judeo Christian dogma seems pretty adamant that trying to put yourself on a level with God is a serious sin

    yup! so it comes down to intent. Lucifer got booted because he thought he could do a better job than God. Adam, on the other hand, got to name all the beasts, and to name something has very clear connotations of creation here*. It seems to me that provided we aren't greedy, pompous, arrogant assholes, we'll be OK -- in pretty much everything, really.

    *sidenote: the notion of naming something == creating something is why the hebraic name for the Divine is intentionally unpronounceable.

    --
    filter: +3. Hey, look! all the trolls went away!
  55. And not too long ago by a.d.trick · · Score: 0

    They said: "Imagine putting rabbits down in Australia!" (when they arrived they reproduced, like rabbits, and became a small catastrophy)

    Be carefull what you wish for.

  56. But they should be married before trying.... by TakaIta · · Score: 1

    Creating life without being married is not what reborn christians are supposed to do.

  57. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny
    Dunno about specific verses, but Judeo Christian dogma seems pretty adamant that trying to put yourself on a level with God is a serious sin, basically what Lucifer did.

    Thomas Edison must be dwelling in the deepest pits of hell right now:
    And Edison said, Let there be light: and there was light.
    And Edison saw the light, that it was good: and Edison divided the light from the darkness.

  58. Crap... by Aenema · · Score: 1

    I hope it doesn't turn out like Lore.

  59. Square Bug by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I wonder if they will succeed in creating the Square Bug which will
    be real nasty to certain people, and spend it's life dancing inside those
    cardboard Tootsie Roll cans/banks.

  60. God's Job Application by aepervius · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    Name : God
    Age : Infinite
    Adress : Cosmos
    Contact : Just pray. Maybe I'll hear, who knows.


    What were your prior job :
    I did the "Let the light be" stuff but later Adam outsourced me for the light bulb, and replaced the imperative-tense with the switch.

    Then I used to create life but lately the same Adam started to do its on its own and now I am out of job.

    What are your competance : Well I can still do the plague thingy at parties. Or do apocalypse stuff on a 3*8 basis. How do you see your future : Plumbery seems good. Or electricity. Something you can't outsource and that damn Adam will need me for.

    --
    C. Sagan : A demon haunted world:
    http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0345409469/
    visit randi.org
  61. A cellular peptide cake.... by Ykant · · Score: 1

    ...with mint frosting!

    --
    Spelling, grammar, punctuation? We need something that checks logic.
    1. Re:A cellular peptide cake.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ...Can somebody pick up that d*mn phone!?! ;)

      [/ST:TNG]

    2. Re:A cellular peptide cake.... by Chicane-UK · · Score: 1

      lol.. I didn't wanna get modded down for posting a similar comment so i'm glad I searched first. As soon as I saw peptide this was the first thing that came into my head.

      And he will require water. And you must provide him with a sandbox. And you must talk to him. Tell him he is a pretty cat -- and a good cat. :)

      --
      "Hey! Unless this is a nude love-in, get the hell off my property!!"
    3. Re:A cellular peptide cake.... by Ykant · · Score: 1

      I will feed him.

      --
      Spelling, grammar, punctuation? We need something that checks logic.
    4. Re:A cellular peptide cake.... by Chicane-UK · · Score: 1

      Perhaps that will be enough.

      --
      "Hey! Unless this is a nude love-in, get the hell off my property!!"
  62. eeehhhh by carninja · · Score: 1

    normally i'm always totally down for the biological research and stuffs, but something about this just doesn't feel right... i mean, we're creating a lifeform here... iunno. I'm not gonna stop 'em, and certainly not on moral grounds (ain't got none of those left)... but something about this screams "Sci-Fi Horror Movie" to me :/

    This whole thing is really kinda unsettling.

    1. Re:eeehhhh by suchire · · Score: 1

      Vitalism dies hard.

      --
      Such irE
  63. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by getwhipped · · Score: 2, Insightful
    who is to say that we are not expressly ALLOWED to do this
    Intead of thinking from an authoritative (religious) standpoint, think from something more broad: Ethics. Stealing and killing, under Kantianism, would be unethical; if everyone stole, we'd have no belongings, and if everyone killed, there'd be no life. Similarly, under a utilitarian view, most stealing and killing would produce far more bad than good. If we created new life, we could possibly mess with the integrity of our own; similarly, creating our own life *may* produce more bad than good. Finally, under the social contract that we call the Constitution, doing either would violate our own foundations as a society. Whether or not religious texts say not to is beside the point; if we all want to live together, there are some things that we should and shouldn't do.
    How can creation be evil
    Well... who says we can create life? Just because we are physically able to, do we have a forum that will support both the current life and the new life? How do we know the life we create will not greatly alter the life now? If we create life, what will be it's predators? Us? Why can't we bring animals, fruit or plants from one country to the next? Is it because of plague/sickness, or could that animal/fruit/plant run rampant in a habitat that has no predators? Does Australia ring a bell? If we can't answer all of these (and most likely more) questions, then we are probably not suited for creating life. If we are not suited for creating life, then any life we do create will probably -- however inadvertantly -- become something dubbed as "evil".
    --
    get whipped (you know you like it)
  64. Signs of Life? by cryptocom · · Score: 1

    What's interesting when you read the article, is how they are going to be determining their success. They specifically state that they will be "looking for signs of adaptation" to determine whether their creation is a lifeform or not. Early in the article they state that Darwinian evolution is the agreed upon basis for this decision. What if they're wrong? I'm not saying they are...but what if? Another point...they are claiming to be creating synthetic life, but they are using RNA to accomplish this...which is an already-established ingredient in life. So aren't they simply 'hacking' a lifeform?

    --
    It takes just a moment and an action to destroy. It takes some time and thought to create.
  65. Nanobots by dagr8tim · · Score: 1

    So basically they are creating organic nanobots?

    --
    "Does your computer have IP on it?"
    1. Re:Nanobots by Big-mad-Gregor · · Score: 0

      Quite frankly i would be happier with synthetic nanobots coarsing through my veins, the idea of having organic 'beings' in my system kinda gives me the shivers... like have a tapeworm or something...

      --
      Error: sig not found, Please reboot Universe and contact your local system administrator.
    2. Re:Nanobots by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Do you have any idea how many living things you have inside you right now?

    3. Re:Nanobots by Big-mad-Gregor · · Score: 0

      yes i understand about all the 'good' and 'bad' bacteria in my sytem... but what if these creations tried to change my preferences from yakult to actimel, what would happen then, carnage I tell ye!

      --
      Error: sig not found, Please reboot Universe and contact your local system administrator.
  66. That's not funny by Neuroelectronic · · Score: 0

    What happens WHEN these things evolve? That would be a all-life-on-earth-as-we-know-it-ending big problem. I guess they never heard that saying "Life has its ways."

  67. *BZTT* Try Again! by SPY_jmr1 · · Score: 1

    >>Um, yeah. Water + Heat = H2 + O2.

    Um, No?

    Water + Heat != H2 + O2.

    Water + Heat = Hot Water.

    Water Heated to more then 100C = Steam.

    However...

    Water + ELECTRICITY = H2 + O.

    Only with Hydrogen Peroxide + Electricity do you = H2 + O2

    Actually, a fun one would be H2 + O + Heat, which we normally call rockets...

    And actually (again), since oxygen is diatomic normally, you'd be working with 2H2 + O2.

    Isn't chemistry *fun?!*

    *ramps up for tutoring basic chemistry in the morn'*

  68. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by scotbot · · Score: 1
    How can creation be evil, when it's A) not intended to be evil, and B) Not even expressly forbidden?
    It's that pretend plea of innocence what allows evil to exist. Just ask Dr Mengele. After all, according to him, his actions weren't evil, since everything done was in the name of science, so ... er ... how could it be. And that's the same moral relativism and false logic you subscribe to: "it's not evil because I say it isn't".
  69. Intentionality ? by vikingpower · · Score: 1

    There is something these people ( and other would-be Dr. Faust ) overlook. IT was clearly pointed out by John Searle that not only intelligence, but all life distinguishes itself from what is not alive by something called "intentionality". Even a virus has that. "Explained as if to a 4-year old", as Denzel Washington does it in "Philadelphia", this means that everything alive adds a purpose to any of its actions, from the virus up to the human being. As long as you havenot created something which provably *acts* in an intentional way, you only have a machine, and not life.

    Now one might argue that these people, as a matter of fact, *do* have an intentionality to put into their new form of life: making money for them.

    And that is just sad. Narrow-minded and sad.

    --
    Religous speak to God. Insane are spoken to by God. When all shut up, one can finally hear Shostakovich in peace
    1. Re:Intentionality ? by argent · · Score: 1

      The only intentionality that exists in the actions of a virus is that put there by the act of analyzing its actions in the process of looking for "intentionality". You can't prove that this "intentionality" exists in a virus, any more than you can prove that a virus has a soul, pneuma, ka, ba, noos, thumos, spirit, life-force, or any other mythical, philosophical, or mystical abstract attribute that magically separates the quick from the dead.

    2. Re:Intentionality ? by vikingpower · · Score: 1

      Certainly intentionality is provable in a virus. Observing its environment - in a rudimentary way - it takes decisions about where ( in which host cell ) to multiply, after having injected its DNA. The intention = "multiplying itself". This is the goal at the end of a chain of actions. It "wants" to achieve that. And does it, deciding about the where and when. THAT is what intention is about.

      I am not on about noos, pneuma, anima or soul. That is outside the scope of this discussion. I am on about intentionality.

      --
      Religous speak to God. Insane are spoken to by God. When all shut up, one can finally hear Shostakovich in peace
    3. Re:Intentionality ? by Viol8 · · Score: 1

      How can a virus act in an intentional way? Intention requires thought. Viruses
      bacteria etc don't think and they weren't "built" , so there is no intention
      either in action or design. Conversely a computer was built with intention
      even though it has none itself , therefore by Searles definition , a computer
      is alive , microorganisms are not.

    4. Re:Intentionality ? by BananaPeel · · Score: 1

      How do you know that god didn't create life to make money for himself? You just assume he wouldn't right! "Intentionality" is no different from joining random points points with straight lines and finding that you can make shapes. Purpose is in this sense is an illusion created by those with an overwhelming need to join random dots

    5. Re:Intentionality ? by argent · · Score: 1

      You can be "on about intentionality" all you want, but what you're describing is as imaginary as the "soul". It's distinction that exists in the observer, not the observed.

      I can write a 20 line program that displays exactly the same kind of "intentionality". The only diference between it and the virus is what you know about how that goal was achieved.

    6. Re:Intentionality ? by whitehatlurker · · Score: 1
      I don't act intentionally. You expect bugs to?

      Ooops - did I post that?

      --
      .. paranoid crackpot leftover from the days of Amiga.
    7. Re:Intentionality ? by vikingpower · · Score: 1

      Intentionality doesnot necessarily require what you call "thought". Even thought can be considered as imaginary as "soul" without loss of descriptive power.

      Can you write such a program ? Then *write it* and post it here, so we can discuss it !

      --
      Religous speak to God. Insane are spoken to by God. When all shut up, one can finally hear Shostakovich in peace
    8. Re:Intentionality ? by argent · · Score: 1

      Intentionality doesnot necessarily require what you call "thought".

      Intentionality, as you describe it, doesn't require anything but a simple feedback loop.

      Can you write such a program ?

      I have written many such programs, but not for many years, and I don't care to start over now... and there's so many examples online it would be quite redundant. As luck would have it, I've found a page that not only goes into detail about programs that demonstrate the same class of apparently "intentional" behaviour as a virus, but also includes a reference to an early movie produced using artificial life techniques.

  70. Law of Entropy by Circlotron · · Score: 1

    Does "organic goo", left alone, tend toward order or disorder?

    1. Re:Law of Entropy by B2382F29 · · Score: 1

      "organic goo" as a whole tends towards disorder. But if you pick out local areas there can be a trend towards order. The statistics don't count for small quantities. For example, you can say in a lottery there is a trend towards losing your money because all money invested is less than you can win. But some lucky guy will win.

      --
      Move Sig. For great justice.
  71. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by Trikenstein · · Score: 1
    Your absolutely right! I can see it now...
    Dr. Venture: I have something to show you all! Those of you with weak stomachs should leave now! What you are about to see is a nightmare, inexplicably torn from the pages of Kafka!

    [reveals he has transformed into a large caterpillar]

    Hank Venture: Holy crap! What happened?

    Dr. Venture: Apparently this is the reward I get for years of screwing with super-science. In short, I pissed in God's eye - and He blinked.

    Hank Venture: [pokes Dr. Venture] Golly, does it hurt?

    Dr. Venture: No. But the poking does, let's stop that now.

    Hank Venture: Sorry. Hey, what's H.E.L.P.eR. gotten into?

    [H.E.L.P.eR. is holding Dr. Venture's shed skin]

    Dr. Venture: That appears to be my dermis.

    Hank Venture: Wow! Bet if you put that under your pillow, the Tooth Fairy'll give you, like, a grand!

    Dr. Venture: Okay, Hank? You are taking this way too well.

    Hank Venture: Well, gee Dad, we've seen a lot of strange stuff over the years. Last week we were fighting a giant dinosaur!

    Dr. Venture: Granted, but I wasn't the dinosaur! Can't you see where this is maybe different?

  72. I for one ... by scotbot · · Score: 1

    ... welcome our new synthetic PNA overlords.

  73. What if it escapes? by Viol8 · · Score: 1

    Ok , this particular one won't , it requires a very particular lab enviroment.
    But they won't stop at this and the potential for using in the real world
    is very high. Fine. But if it goes out of control? What then? Its not a
    computer virus where at the last resort you reinstall the OS. You can't
    reinstall the earths enviroment. Is creating artificial life like this
    *really* a good idea, or is it just a way of scientists boosting their egos
    and various corps making a fast buck?

    1. Re:What if it escapes? by stupidsocialscientis · · Score: 1

      reminds of the greg bear book, "bloodmusic" in which a biologist hacks lifeforms that start out as essentially tiny intelligent parasites, but eventually realize they no longer need people to survive, and get rid of them as superfluous.

      --
      Well, as far as Sig's go, Freud was a doozy.
  74. Did anyone read this before? by Gizmoguy · · Score: 0

    I saw this in New Scientist a few weeks ago. There's a nice, long article about this in there.

    --
    -- There are 10 types of people in the world: Those who understand binary, And those who don't.
  75. One step closer to extinction by palmer_eldridge · · Score: 1

    Thinking of all the great discoveries of science, one cannot oversee that the majority of them had been used first as a weapon, and then for something like curing a desease, or feeding the poor.... I am just wondering weather these scientists have children. And if the do have, are they really willing to expose them to the potential dangers this "bug" will introduce....

  76. God and science by H0D_G · · Score: 1

    Religion has nothing to do with this. it's chemistry and biology, so keep the Pope out of it. but as for grey goo, not gonna happen from this. the article states that the organism will be oil and fat based, so in a wild environment it will have a hard time propagating unless actively transmitted.

    --
    Kids! Bringing about Armageddon can be dangerous. Do not attempt it in your home!
  77. Funny you mention it by No+Such+Agency · · Score: 1

    I wouldn't be surprised if one day the normal mode of 'retirement' is to take a few years off from work every decade or two, but never permanently retire.

    I've always worried that my generation might face exactly that prospect... only in a more negative way than you portray it. Think "involuntarily take two to six months off every year or two, find new work just before you burn through all your savings from the last job, and have nothing to retire ON when you get old".

    --
    Freedom: "I won't!"
    1. Re:Funny you mention it by maxpublic · · Score: 1

      and have nothing to retire ON when you get old

      Well, if you're immortal and forever young then you don't have any right to retirement anyway. You could work and save to allow yourself a few years off, but nobody would owe you a free ride after X number of years of labor. In fact, that would be an act of self-destruction for any society with access to immortality.

      Max

      --
      My god carries a hammer. Your god died nailed to a tree. Any questions?
  78. sounds familiar by foQ · · Score: 1

    I, for one, welcome our new PNA overlords...

  79. You know how this will end by elenaran · · Score: 1

    We've all seen sci-fi movies - this can only end in the bugs killing their makers and attempting to take over the world. Now we just need a hero to save us at the last minute!

  80. will "Franken-germs" take over the world? by peter303 · · Score: 1

    Think the riots over GM food in Europe and Africa are wild? Wait until artificial germs and animal life come along. These are more mobile and mix with other living things.

    Several viruses have already been constructed from scratch- polio and 1918 flu. Its not clear whether they have the same power as the original. These just have a couple dozen proteins and genes. Minimal life is thought to rquire about four hundred or so.

  81. Bugz by sgt+scrub · · Score: 1

    If they can create a "bug" that replaces soil nutrients after farming, a bug that removes NOx from exhaust, and a bug that improves peoples driving skills then they will have accomplished world peace. Well, I would be more peaceful on the way to work.

    --
    Having to work for a living is the root of all evil.
  82. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by InsaneProcessor · · Score: 0

    You know that this little news item will disappear into the oblivion becuase absolutly nothing will come of this experiment and the total failure will never be publicly announced. Every attempt to play God will always meet in absolute failure.

    --

    Athiesm is a religion like not collecting stamps is a hobby.
  83. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by Wornstrom · · Score: 1

    If the gods don't like it, they can smite me where I sit. It is this kind of thinking that got people burned at the stake for "being witches" and other such nonsense. We are nowhere near creating an complex enough organism (from scratch anyway, genetic modification of existing organisms aside) that could break out and wreak havoc on the earth. Not learning the intricacies of how life is assembled is basically leaving it up to a roll of the dice, or for example, bird flu. Kind of like leaving one leg on a table shorter than the rest and leaving it up to divine intent to keep it everything we pile on top from tumbling down.

  84. It's the architecture by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Math-wise, computers are far more intelligent than the average individual at computation.

    What's really important isn't the speed, it's the architecture. The human brain is much more powerful than any computer, when it comes to "real life" usage, not only calculation with numbers.
    Think of what your brain does all the same time and realtime:
    - speech recognition and "synthesizing"
    - sound recognition with beat and melody detection
    - video processing with extremely powerful object recognition
    - control of all your tenthousends of muscles with extremely good coordination
    - maintaining all your "internal services" you don't normally notice at all
    - learning capability
    - huge memory
    - lateral thinking
    - lots more...

    Now imagine to run just a few things of what your brain does on a computer, no matter how fast it is...
    It's the brains architecture with it's neurons which makes the stupiest person superior to the fastest computer with it's transistors.
    The brain is just so much more flexible..

  85. Captain Trips by pete.com · · Score: 0

    So Stephen King saw into the future..... I'm going to start heading to Boulder, Co before all the cars filled with dead clog the interstates. Walking sucks!

  86. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by abb3w · · Score: 1
    Am I the only one who is slightly disturbed by this trend for scientists to attempt to usurp the powers of our Almighty Creator?

    I would agree, it is utterly wretched. I feel the blame rests squarely on the shoulders of the person who started this recent trend, that bastion of immorallity, Ben Franklin. If he and his gang had left mucking around with lightning in the hands of the Almighty where it belonged, it would still be doing its job of smiting the unrighteous, the proud, and any church with hubris enough to build a shiny copper steeple. But no, he had to go and invent the lightning rod, taming lightning so that Morse could use it for telegraphy, Edison could invent incandescent lighting and motion pictures, Shockley could figure out the transistor, and Kilby could pull of the integrated (shudded) circuit. Together, they're the reason for the infernal internet being infested by porn. And people mocked those who said that integration would lead to immorallity....

    This evil plot of theirs MUST be stopped, or who knows where it will end?

    --
    //Information does not want to be free; it wants to breed.
  87. Maybe they can, but should they? by mightypenguin · · Score: 1

    This reminds me of the line from a good book "Scientists were so caught up with what they could build, that they never stopped to think if they should" Maybe I don't WANT artificial life forms roaming around inside my body :) Thing is, once you release (or something escapes) like this that can live at the single cell level what's to stop it from spreading? At least with nanobots they can be made to not reproduce.

  88. The past wants its argument back by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That question has been asked so many times, it has now lost its meaning. What if? What if? What if? What if? What if?

    Here's a "what if" for you: What if we never tried anything new? It just existing without change a meaningful existance? I say no.

  89. Monsanto Spins Yarns by LifesABeach · · Score: 1

    This is all fantastic to see. I would hope that our new PNA Overlords would ignore the humor about the ingredients required to catch flies.

  90. State of Soul in Religion by giberti · · Score: 1

    This should do wonders for the Catholic church in determining what a soul is, isn't and what's within the boundries of life.

    --

    AF-Design, web development.
  91. mmm man playing for god? by goarilla · · Score: 0

    man was not made to play god

    isnt this exactly what all those sci fi AI movies are warning against, that we one day gonna create AI or other intelligent life, play for god and at the end our creations will kill us all

  92. Conway's life by Roger+Whittaker · · Score: 1

    Artificial life was invented when JH Conway thought of "the game of life". See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway's_Game_of_Life . I'm serious: I believe (as do others) that living, conscious, reproducing beings will exist within a sufficiently large Conway life simulation. Sufficiently large is very large indeed in this context.

  93. Cite References, Please! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...especially for this realistic ejaculating buttplug. Do you have a list of retailers?

  94. Look out common cold by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Wow, a life form so simple, it's almost indestructable.

  95. Life Extension? by not-enough-info · · Score: 1

    TECH SUPPORT!!!

    --
    ---k--
    </stupid>
  96. Is it just me... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Or does this whole concept sound like the start of a really bad B horror classic?

  97. Government Protection by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    If one does create a life form unique to this world would it not automatically qualify by its very nature as an endangered species and therefore be granted Government Protection under the endangered species act and have to be set free in a vast acreage set aside for its proliferation?

  98. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by brit74 · · Score: 1

    Am I the only one who is slightly disturbed by this trend for scientists to attempt to usurp the powers of our Almighty Creator? Indeed. And this whole medicine thing -- we have usurped from the Almighty the decision of whether people live or die.

  99. Las Plagas by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Sure it's all fun and games til these scientists kidnap the President's Daughter in an attempt to "cleanse the world."

    Did Los Alamos remind anyone else of Las Plagas?

  100. Playing God - Important Rule by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    These guys forgot one of the most important rules for playing God. Or playing science, for that matter.

    You're supposed to order things like this:

      1. Do the work.
      2. Issue the press release.

    They got the order wrong! When you get the order wrong you're not playing God, you're just playing science fiction writer.

  101. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by Viper168 · · Score: 1

    On the flip side of the coin, I assume from the zealous blabbing that we're supposed to believe it is evil, because you say it is? Way to bring Nazis in to the topic too.

  102. MOD PARENT UP! by jvance · · Score: 1

    The parent poster "gets" the whole purpose of the experiment - create a primitive life form, such as might have been found over 3 billion years ago on this planet, but using different chemistry. If this can be done, the door is suddenly wide open for the possibility of life in radically different environments from Earth's.

    DISCLAIMER: I did not RTFA - I heard about this experiment on last week's NOVA.

  103. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Err, the only thing 'dark' about the Dark Ages is the lack of records.

  104. Creating Life by c0d3r · · Score: 1

    Isn't it just easier to have sex to create life? Buncha nerds.

  105. Evolution? by Archades · · Score: 0

    well if they can succeed to make it, and then show a method where it may have created the first single cell organisms, would this prove the evolution theory? i'd love to see them speed up the mutation process so in 1 year u could possibly see a whole new organism made, but thats wishful thinking, and no doubt rome would send in their elite spies to destroy the work, for fear it disproves god.

  106. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You know, if we said we were going to release it on Israel as a test, I think we'd be seeing a category 7 or 8 by the end of the season.

  107. People are better at it. by randomencounter · · Score: 1
    With practice a person can get good enough with thrown rocks to take birds out of the air.

    Still, it is amazing the capabilities of birds and other animals with much smaller and simpler brains than humans. My opinion is that we will have something we recognize as intelligent in computer AI long before we reach human complexity.

    --
    Forget diamonds, copyright is forever.
  108. Re:Scientists need to stop playing God! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Topic over. Godwin's Law upheld.

  109. After 200 years, still trying by bareshiyth · · Score: 1

    When this story first appeared in February, I wrote an extensive review and analysis for my own blog, Alcaide's Café, http://www.alcaidecafe.com/. I was especially talking about it from the perspective of the evolution versus Intelligent Design debate, so titled it, "'It's Alive!' Sez They. "'It's an Intelligent Design!" Sez I." (Published March 1, 2005) Trying to "create life" has been going on in laboratories for centuries. This is just one of several attempts going on now. A lot of the discussion going on here is right on the money. A couple of points you might have missed: (1) It's interesting to note that Packard essential admits that science has yet to be able to even say what "life" is, what indicates "life", what tells us "something" is living! (2) He's decided to define life as something that can "evolve", which is one way to end the debates about evolution! (3) The threshold between matter and structures and processes and whatever it is that is a "living thing" (say, a living cell) is very huge! Just as it takes a lot to transform mud into a 3 story office building full of staff (which is what "nature" is said to have done), or even a junkyard full of already-manufactured car parts into an operating car (which is about what Packard is trying to do), it takes a lot to transform the elements into a living cell.