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Sorry, bad answer on my part. Obviously I'm not a physicist. Information, it appears, like energy and matter can not go faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. I still don't understand how light being able to go faster != information being able to go faster, but I'll accept it for now. The speed of light or the speed of sound in a particular medium may be slower or faster than the other, and the speed of light in a medium can exceed the speed of light in a vacuum. It now appears that the speed of sound in a medium can indeed exceed the speed of light in a vacuum.

Feel free to tell me if I'm missing something.

Likely because the evidence ont he other side is very very sparse and comes from mostly "vested" parties (ie. EXXON) or noted shills (Seitz et al). Mostly non-peer reviewed corporate paid studies.

Oh really? How about opinions and papers by a respected MIT climatologist. A member of the National Academy of Sciences and a member of the UN-sanctioned International Panel on Climate Change? Please read this article and then research the background on the interviewee: http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/20/2/2/1

It is not a unanimous consensus. Please read this article and then research the background on the interviewee: http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/20/2/2/1

Okay, I found this other article about this discovery, and thought it was pretty good. It's worth a read:

http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/11/5/17/1

So this thing is like a BEC, but it's made of "excitons" (electron-hole pairs) plus the photons causing the excitation. But these "polaritons" are so short-lived, I'm wondering what this invention could be practically used for. They're calling it a "quasi-equilibrium" system, because it's more of a dynamic equilibrium.

Could this "polariton condensate" be used to probe "quantum foam", or spacetime, or something? They've already said it's more energy efficient than a laser.
Surely something this exotic must be able to confer on us some useful ability, that it would have some practical application -- even if only for research purposes.

When I think of an exciton-photon combination as compared to electron inversion, then it reminds me of the difference between a turbine and a piston engine. This "polariton" thingy (exciton-photon combo) would be more efficient than the laser in a way that's analogous to how the turbine is more efficient than the piston explosion. I'd think that the key to maximizing its advantage is by stimulating the excitons with the highest energy photons possible. That way you're maximizing your energy savings from this more efficient process.

Hmm... so maybe it might be useful for laser-confinement fusion after all. Maybe it could be used for laser-based rapid-manufacturing, etc.
Whatever it is, you'd probably want it for a short-range application, due to the brief lifespan of the polaritons.

And things which actually exist don't usually require that you believe in them for them to continue doing so.

There is an interesting article that offers an explanation into this idea at physicswebhereas well as offers ideas into the investigation of dark matter via some 'fifth force'

"quantum entanglement would be pretty cool if an applicable use was found for it.

Applications already exist, at least if you count the demonstration of instantaneous transfer of information regardless of distance. And this experiment is years old.

So yes, quantum entanglement is indeed pretty cool.

He might not have said it, but there is the strong possibility *some* of our neurons use quantum-level behavior, which rather expands the traditional neurotransmitters + electrical signaling model for neural activity. In 1996 biophysicist Luca Turin suggested electron tunnelling as a solution for the mystery of olfactory receptors can interpret similar molecules differently, and very different molecules the same. No one had a useful explanation for this issue until Turin, and he was of course dismissed by most neuroscientists, who are educated and work in macro-, not quantum-, level models.

Last year some other physicists released research in Nature that showed Turin may be right*, and olfactory neurons may indeed use electron tunnelling. Research is ongoing, but given the lack of alternative explanations, this may be an example of humans requiring a quantum mechanism for something very basic - scent.

* Free registration required for physicsweb.org access.

--
Sit down before fact as a little child, be prepared to give up every conceived notion, follow humbly wherever and whatever abysses nature leads, or you will learn nothing. —Thomas Huxley

This is a HUGE problem, that, seemingly no one cares about.
A generation of pictures, information and general "stuff" becomes unrecoverable, worthless.
I stills shoot film for important subjects just for this reason (I'm so smart/broke - huh?)
I believe Hollywood had this problem with "nitrate" film, (most of that era's film is now dust) that's how we got "safety' film

I read something a while back about storage on crystals, I archived the info, a .pdf, oh-wait, it was on that DVD that .... nevermind.
- maybe it was this.

Holographic Storage

http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/13/7/7

http://www.mobilemag.com/content/100/102/C5313/

Internet Archive

http://www.archive.org/index.php

We aren't quite up to interfering cats yet, but a relatively large biological molecule (porphyrin) has been successfully made to interfere with itself.

We've seen groups of things travelling at greater than the speed of light (both sound and light)....granted the individual waves do not, but the collective [word used intentionally] does. So, we just put a whole bunch of probes in some loopy PVC pipe and, "poof", we can get across the galaxy in a fraction of the time.

Layne

References:
http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/9/11/1
http://news.softpedia.com/news/Light-that-Travels- Faster-than-Light-24167.shtml
http://www.physorg.com/news88249076.html

"Scientists have devised numerous possible explanations, including mini black holes left over from the Big Bang, but have had little success in producing working examples." Really? Hmm...

"Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics and the Humboldt University, both in Berlin, have used underwater electrical discharges to generate luminous plasma clouds resembling ball lightning that last for nearly half a second and are up to 20 centimetres across."

Physicists create great balls of fire 07 June 2006

"Now, however, researchers in Israel have built a system that can create lightning balls in the lab."

Great balls of lightning 9 February 2006

The rest seems to be something that interacts only gravitationally... it might be a particle we haven't discovered yet.

It is possible that most of the dark matter needed by current theories to explain the universe we see doesn't really exist, and that our understanding of gravity is wrong. The TeVeS theory, developed from MOND, may be able to explain the universe without requiring that most of it be made of dark matter and dark energy. See Gravity's dark side. Also mentioned in a previous Slashdot story. To really know, TeVeS will need a lot more work done with it. That will be a challenge since the dark matter theories get the vast majority of attention, time, and funding.

Here's an article which gives a good explanation of why this is important. Remember, scientific investigation is limited to what we can observe. Anything that allows us to see more, see better, is usually followed by a slew of advances in a variety of scientific feilds.

http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/9/4/12

"Conventional, positive-refractive-index lenses create images by capturing the light waves emitted by an object and then bending them. However, objects also emit "evanescent" waves that contain a lot of information at very small scales about the object. These waves are much harder to measure because they decay exponentially and never reach the image plane -- a threshold in optics known as the diffraction limit.

In 2000, John Pendry of Imperial College in London suggested that a material with a negative refractive index -- that is, one that bends light in the opposite direction to an ordinary material -- could capture and "refocus" these evanescent waves. This idea of a perfect lens or "superlens" came over 30 years after Russian physicist Victor Veselago first speculated that negative index materials could exist. In such a superlens, electromagnetic waves that reach the surface of a negative refraction lens excite a collective movement of surface waves, such as electric oscillations -- also known as "surface plasmons". This process enhances and recovers the evanescent waves."

This article is from 2005 http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/9/4/12

Boron has already been made superconducting five years ago. It becomes superconducting when squeezed with a pressure of 160 gigapascals at a transition temperature of 6K.

although this story may be a dupe, 3 years ago, physicists from Europe accomplished a very similar feat. interesting stuff -- here . it has many implications into our currently security model, as in private/public keys. quantum cryptography, really cool stuff.

Wow... someone hasn't been paying attention.

Hawking just two years ago said that he was WRONG about Hawking radiation. So even a nanoblackhole doesn't 'evaporate'.

Second, the actual size of the event horizon isn't as big of an issue as you would hope. For every particle it picks up, it grows bigger. First a quark, then a proton then an atom then a molecule and then we're off to our gas tanks.

And then you have hundreds, if not thousands of these things made per day. You don't think that they will congregate? The event horizon will be a lot bigger than a proton if a few thousand of these NBHs get together.

It's a bad, bad idea.

the money spent on preventing global warming is a waste. ...
If global warming provides us with an opportunity to implement renewable energy, it would provide economic stability for future generations.
Thus, the money would not be wasted. Instead, it should be considered as an insurance policy.

Um, sound like you want money to be spent on renewables to fix global warming. I think that we need a whole switch to nuclear. http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/14/6/2
This was around 2001, but asks do we really need nuclear? This is what that article had:

"Estimates suggest that, at current extraction rates, we have over 200 years' supply of oil, 450 for natural gas and over 1500 for coal, the weighted average being nearly 700 years (see Rogner in further reading). Even this is an understatement, since it excludes natural-gas hydrates in the permafrost and under the ocean floors, and other sources that together are thought to amount to five times these values."

700 years of known fossil fuel reserves. I was trying to find some info on the amount of nuclear reserves. The information was kinda surprising. Nuclear is uneconomical. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power At current cost levels, we have about 50 years of nuclear reserves. Sounds dangerously low. Well, that's at the current price. If the price of uranium doubled, the nuclear reserves jump to a life span of hundreds of years. (That doesn't even take into using the Thorium cycle rather that uranium. That'll give us thousands of years.) I like renewables, but after actually looking into it, I'm not worried about running out of fuels any time soon. Heck, I'm more worried about environmentalists getting laws put into place that say you can't use any form of non-renewable energy source. Humanity is stupid enough to put really harmful restrictions on our energy use.

I just finished reading this book http://www.amazon.com/Family-Tree-Sheri-S-Tepper/d p/0380791978 last night. I got pissed that the author is animals have more right to live on the planet than humanity and let's have small religious minitoriy that makes up less than .01% of the population be the heros and create a disease that kills off all the rest of humanity and lets room for sentient animals. It was an o.k. story, but the more that I read of the eco political slant and let's bio-engineer animals to be as intelligent as we are and then say humanity is using up too much room... well pissed me off big time. I like sci-fi, I like fantasy. I don't like any eco folks saying that I or others are using up too much resources just because they don't like humanity. I think we could house 90-100 billion humans easily on this globe. If we have to remove some un-needed wasted wild life to make it happen, so be it. Humanity is natural wild life. Nature was meant to be for us to bend to our will, not for us to bend over and take it just because we don't have the ability to do anything about it. Hurricanes, earth quakes, torandos, floods, and thunderstorms are annoying, but they don't slow us down for long. We can beat this planet. Don't under estimate humanity. Remove our current energy methods and just make us have renewables and we'd figure a way to make it work. It'd be annoying, but we could do it.

DNA has been there, done that and has the 20 node t-shirt or the Traveling Salesman Problem.

is been over 5 years since this was done and this is not that impressive. Now a decent desktop can do this, but it will take a little time since there are over 1 million possbile routes.

I predict that the Space Elevator will turn out to be just like the Space Shuttle; obsolete upon completion. Progress has already been made upon the quantum-entanglement physics that will someday permit the construction of a Transporter system. Search on PhysicsWeb http://physicsweb.org/

Waitasec. You're trying to use macroscopic laws on nanostructures, which I disagree with. Nanotubes are known to have electric fields inside of them due to the geometric juxtapositioning of their sp2 orbitals, which can even distort the shape of molecules travelling inside of them. I am quoting direct experimental observation here.

Nextly, don't misquote me -- I'm not saying that charges are polarized, I'm saying that charged structures, such as the nanotube or other molecules are polarizable. That's Physical Chemistry 101 basics.

So in the case of the multi-wall nanotube, you'd have electrons migrating inwards and concentrating their charge towards the inside of the nanotube. This could help to amplify that effect these researchers in the article were talking about -- *IF* their effect is real.

So if this phenomenon could be made practical, perhaps you could have a capillary network or parallel-array of multiwall nanotubes which the radioactive waste would pass through. As the waste passes through the nanotubes, it would be subjected to the accelerated decay, if that phenomenon is indeed possible.

Take a look at this:

http://www.physicsweb.org/articles/news/8/9/12/1

It sounds like this effect has been observed before.

Yes, I think so.

I'm not a physicist, but I started as one in college. The wikipedia article on Metamaterials suggest that they have highly unusual properties in terms of electromagnetic wave propagation.

The layman's example they give is not bad. I'll quote it here:
Metamaterials with negative N have numerous startling properties:
1. Snell's law (N1sin?1 = N2sin?2) still applies, but rays refract on the same side of the normal on entering the material.
2. The Doppler shift is reversed (that is, a light source moving toward an observer appears to reduce its frequency)
3. Cherenkov radiation points the other way
4. The group velocity is antiparallel to phase velocity (as opposed to parallel for normal isotropic materials)
5. Higher frequencies have longer, not shorter, wavelengths in such a material
6. Such metamaterials follow a left-hand rule. For an illustration in non-technical language of one of the bizarre properties of materials with negative N, consider the following: a person submerged in a swimming pool filled with a hypothetical liquid with negative N would appear to float above the pool instead of appearing to be beneath the surface.


The physics web article wikipedia links to on invisibility emphasizes that metamaterials allow creation of surfaces for which electromagnetic properties vary point to point. As such, one could imagine an invisibility device that bend 99.999% of light around it, but permits a portion of the area concentrated around one's eyes to have a "half-tone" pattern of negative N and positive N. Furthermore, the light that would enter the eyes here could even potentially start from a variety of places over the surface of the entire invisibility device.

As such, I'd think what you would get would be very, very, very slight visual distortion; maybe a haze, maybe nothing. Probably nothing visible, anyways; but maybe something you could measure via some kind of broadspectrum radar apparatus.

And this is just a crude sort of solution from a physics student who gave up mid-college and switched to business ;-)

Don't think of electromagnetic waves as water waves. It's a convenient analogy to emphasize this "space is curved" business, but it vastly underestimates the complexity of electromagnetism. Furthermore, the "arrow-ray" style light-ray diagrams are misleading; waves only work like that on a macro scale. Those analogies are useful, but don't look at the limitations of those models.

Accelerated decay of radioactive waste could make nuclear power much more practical:

http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/10/7/13/1

That would allow us to power electric cars off the grid.

I think for the large part, the world of psychics is snake oil, predators preying on the gullible.

But, if you're familiar with the double-slit "interference" experiment, you may get an uneasy sense there is much for us to learn about interaction of particles, forces, energies, etc. It's not for me to determine ESP is real but I've experienced unexplainable phenomena at least to my level to understand.

One example, a very close friend in college, she was an identical twin, and talked about the typical entanglements with her twin, who was back in her hometown 200 miles away. Her twin came down on her birthday and I was there when they opened their cards, identical (and not with any "twin" theme... just random typical birthday cards). Not a HUGE example of unexplained communication, but at least odd.

There are things we don't know, and we don't even know we don't know. And, the more we learn, the less we know, at least that's been my paradox. Things that seemed black and white seem grayer as I learn more. (Consider this: can you really determine whether you cross a defined landmark by some predefined time? By what reference point? Can you really feel objects, considering no real contact is made and that the actual real occupied space in atoms is virtually nothing?)

Yeah, there's a lot we don't know about ESP, and may never learn -- though, you can be pretty sure those who say they know all about ESP don't.

Develop A superlens. Since it isn't affected by the diffraction limit, you can focus any light you want to any scale you want, right down to the atomic layer. The "only" problem is that e and u have to both be exactly -1, but once that material is created, look out optics...

http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/7/11/15/1#need le

Ok, so its not slicing through his fingers but it's a step right.

http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/2/11/11
http://www.state.nd.us/ndgs/Newsletter/NL01W/PDF/c limateW01.pdf/
http://www.dsri.dk/~hsv/
http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/generalscien ce/global_warming_001110_wg.html

Try getting THAT through airport security.

Perhaps it would be easier if they used ethanol fuel cells as you could just board the plane with no fuel and then order a vodka or gin and pour it right in. (The real fun would begin when the lady in the next seat looks over in alarm and you just say, "Well, the poor little bugger doesn't like to fly, so I'm just giving him a little something to calm his nerves.")

Dirt, and itself:

http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/7/6/4/1 has details and pictures of the progress as of 2003; the material worked in the short term, but got clogged with dirt as you mentioned... and the setae stuck to themselves, as can be seen in the second picture there.

http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/10/2/15/1?rss= 2.0

Its a while off though, I would imagine.

Unless he's also a biologist, I don't think this Martin Fleischmann has published since the '89 debacle.

Or was I missing some irony there?

Grab a copy of Kurzweil's The Singularity is Near and find out where we are, and where we're headed. It's a great read!

--Rob

Searches for all these have come up negative so far as I'm aware, but there is still good reason to hope for a discovery soon.

Well then, good news everyone! Neutrinos were found to be massive a few years ago. The Sudbury neutrino observatory showed that solar neutrinos travel to earth in a superposition of two different types of neutrinos. They observed oscillations with respect to time between the measured populations of the two states meaning that the energies of the two states were different. For their energies to be different there must be some mass difference which places a lower bound on at least one of their masses.

Linky

This is one of the problems with dealing with and discussing such topics; Too many people believe in the reality of all of the technology they've seen and read in Science Fiction as fact, but take very little time to actually learn about or study what is being presented to them in a fictional way.

Would a supposedly "heavier quark" violate Einstein's Theories (which have proven to be fairly reliable during most of the 20th Century and on through the 21st)? Also most quarks are repelled by other quarks due to electrostatic forces at relativistic sizes (upspin quarks have a positive charge of 2/3 and downspin quarks have a negative charge of 1/3 of a proton), and also note that there is a 200:1 difference between the mass of a proton and the mass of a quark. Having a "heavy quark" that could cause such events as you described would virtually break charge-symmetry (for more information on "breaking charge-symmetry" visit http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/16/6/3 ). The inherrent mass of a quark is so small that it would not really attract anything, and charge-opposition between upspin and downspin quarks would create the previously-described symmetrical elecrostatic repulsion.

Yes, strange things do happen at the 1TeV level. Fermilab, Brookhaven and Berkeley labs have been investigating "heavy quark" creation in heavy-ion collisions, but since these are forced collission events (aka "fission"), the chances of the creation of such particles in a fusion framework are virtually non-existant. If that were the case and if we followed the scenario presented in the BBC show you mentioned, the largest fusion furnace we know - THE SUN - should have greated the aformentioned scenario and created it's own heavy quarks attracting other heavy quarks and so on.

Remember to take the roots of those two words I used earlier; "Fiction" and "Science"

Fiction: a story, not usually true = false
Science: the process of discovery, analysis and the explanation of all around us.

Now concatenate the two:

"A false description of discovery, analysis and the explanation of all around us"

Now, I like good Science Fiction. Star Trek, Babylon 5, Stargate, Battlestar Galactica - it's all good entertaniment...but that's all it is. Some people, like those that produced the BBC series previously noted, will take the smallest bit of scientific fact and twist it into the most obsurd forms of entertainment and try to make themselves look clever in the process...when all they're doing is making a mockery of those who actually *do* the scientific process.

'nuff said!

--ScottKin

I remember Reading previously that scientists were trying to develop a cheap and reliable means of producing Terahertz electromagnetic waves, as they were very useful for imaging, particularly medical. Apparently they have similar properties to x-rays without that pesky ionizing radiation problem.

Read More Here

A black hole is an object so dense and with a gravitational force so intense that nothing, not even light, can escape its pull once within its boundary.

Actually, I believe Hawking determined that information could escape from a black hole. So that means that something can escape, as opposed to nothing.

Taking a more educated approach you have to look at the modern scientific research
that has been done in regards to the Casimir Effect .

http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/15/9/6

Merely one of the modern day brilliant scientists looking into this efect is Puthoff .

http://www.keelynet.com/gravity/putnasa.htm

Please read the references at bottom of the page, discredit one doubtful, all ludicrously so .

Excerpt of nasa study:

http://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/research/warp/po ssible.html#vac

Zero Point Energy (ZPE), or vacuum fluctuation energy are terms used to describe the random electromagnetic oscillations that are left in a vacuum after all other energy has been removed. If you remove all the energy from a space, take out all the matter, all the heat, all the light... everything -- you will find that there is still some energy left. One way to explain this is from the uncertainty principle from quantum physics that implies that it is impossible to have an absolutely zero energy condition.

Add up the energy for all those different frequencies of light and the amount of energy in a given space is enormous, even mind boggling, ranging from 10^36 to 10^70 Joules/m3.

If you choose to call the research scientists at NASA quacks, that is your prerogative.

Zero Point energy absolutley sounds like fairy tale science, but every once in a blue moon
something comes along that truly stuns the world .

Like Warp Drive research being funded with this concept at the root of it .

http://news.scotsman.com/scitech.cfm?id=16902006

At times like this, Technology does approach being indistinguishable from what some call magic, hehe .

Ex-MislTech

Here's a link found from a simple google search, article from August 2004

http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/8/8/9

And an explanation of negative index of refraction (with picture).

And an explanation of negative index of refraction (with picture).

And a better article than the one linked.

Sub-wavelength resolution has already been achieved. The groups of Zhang (Berkeley) and Blaikie (Canterbury) obtained resolution of around 100nm using visible light. There's a Physics World article by a collaborator of ours which describes the work and has the references.

I remember something about this from Physics World, around five months ago. That article reports experiments in which a resolution of a quarter of the wavelength was achieved.
As far as I can tell, the idea is that diffraction doesn't work quite how it's taught in classrooms: there is a standard "far-field" portion, which is limited to a resolution equal to the wavelength of the light; but there is also a "near-field" portion, which "contains all of the sub-wavelength spatial details about an object, but ... decays quickly as a function of distance from the object". A lens with a refractive index of -1 causes an exponential increase in the near-field waves as they pass through the superlens, and so the information can be more easily recovered, giving an image with better resolution than if only the far-field light was used.
The object, lens and image all have to be located within the near-field, less than one wavelength in size, else the waves decay too much - that limits the practical applications, but it could apparently be useful for the optical storage industry.

I know what an order of magnitude is. And it turns out that the error is more like 120 orders of magnitude from the perspective of the cosmological constant.

Source for the following (emphasis mine): Physics World

Dark energy: the suspects

- Cosmological constant (w = -1)
Originally introduced by Albert Einstein, it was later suggested by Yakov Zel'dovich that quantum vacuum energy would produce a constant energy density and pressure. However, theoretical predictions yield a cosmological constant that is 120 orders of magnitude higher than the observational value. Regardless of cosmology, quantum vacuum energy exists. Whether the cosmic contribution is in fact zero, or finely tuned, is one of the outstanding challenges in physics.

Well to the people who said 'Superfluidity is old news' It is true superfluidity has been around for many years (discovered by Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, John F. Allen, and Don Misener in 1937). However the 'study of superfluidity' (also known as Quantum hydrodynamics) is a recent advancement. (and a very important one I might add)

For those wondering about its 'practical uses', Superfluidity not only unleashes possibilities for new technologies dealing with energy and heat transfer (superconductivity), it also brings us another step closer to developing a better means of energy production. (Check out the link below for more details)

For those of you with a background in atomic physics; If some how (using further experimentation in Superfluidity of helium) we can proove the possibility of electrons in quantum states 'lower' than n=1 (i.e. n=1/2, 1/4 etc) the amount of energy we can produce using hydrogen would increase by almost 70% compared to our present technology (greater than the amount produced by nuclear means) This in turn means that the race for nuclear energy going on in the east (russia, iran, cuba, north korea, china, india etc.) would end.

For more information on the possibility and importance of fractional primary quantum numbers click here.

Since the article summary doesn't even begin to explain why this is significant, I'll attempt to.

First of all, the DNA pyramids are useful because they have some attractive properties, namely they are about 10 nanometers wide and are rigid. They are also tetrahedral in shapre (3 faces and a base) which makes them good building blocks. This all lends itself rather nicely to developing things like three dimensional electronic circuits.

Today's announcement is simply to say that scientists have fonud a way to do this all in a single step by mixing trillions of the base strands in a mixture to produce the mini-pyramids. However, what is really needed moving forward, is a way to bind all of these pyramids into more complex structures. For more information, check out the article on PhysicsWeb

To clarify: It was to my knowledge (and I do not have a doctorate in Quantum physics) that a qubit has the states of 0) 1) and `0) `1) (where ` is a 45 phase shift in Hilbert space). I know this has something to do with Quantum Encryption as well. google brought this: http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/11/3/9 If I am understanding this wrong, please correct me :).

I mean, he loses credibility in the first sentence.. "This is a long essay. There is, however, no limit to how long I could have made it.". Of course there is a limit!

We all know that the number of computer bits that man could ever possibly compute is 1.35x(10^20), so his essay could *never* be more than that long, or else it would neve rbe completed.

Foolish!

Still, it would be nice to have some major shakeup in physics... there really haven't been any in my lifetime.

How old are you?
Inflation as a solution to cosmic microwave anisotropy

Problems with General Relativity: Dark Matter?

Dark Energy. 90% of everything.

Pioneer anomaly.

Every year, in every field, we answer more and more questions. However, every answer raises many more questions. We are still exploring our ignorance, but we know more about it every day. What are you doing to help?