Domain: triumf.ca
Stories and comments across the archive that link to triumf.ca.
Comments · 64
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Re:No problem! DIY neutron beams are easy
The joke notwithstanding, cyclotrons can produce a neutron beam by accelerating protons into an aluminum target.
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Alchemist's Guide to Making Elements
You mean to tell me that Alpha Decay is rare in the universe? I simply don't buy the argument.
Alpha decay is incredibly rare in the universe. The reason for this is that only heavy elements will decay by alpha particle emission that is elements like Uranium, Thorium etc. All of these are far, far heavier than iron which is important.
Next question is where do all the elements come from? The very light ones such as hydrogen and helium were formed in the Big Bang and the accurate prediction of the observed abundance's of these gases is one of the major achievements of the Big Bang model (the technical term is Big Bang nucleosynthesis).
The slightly heavier elements such as carbon, silicon, oxygen etc. can be formed in the heart of any star by nuclear fusion binding nuclei together in complex fusion cycles. However iron-56 is the most stable nucleus possible so once you have bound nuclei together to form this you cannot get any more energy out and, in fact it requires energy to make heavier nuclei.
So where do all the elements which can undergo alpha decay come from? Well if you have a sufficiently massive start (above 9 solar masses) when it finally turns its core into iron there is no more energy to be had and the entire core collapses under gravity and then rebounds in a super nova explosion. In this explosion there are massive numbers of neutrons produced which stream out through the star's outer atmosphere. This results a very complex chain of neutron capture and decay (which nuclear astrophysicists study at places like TRIUMF) resulting in the heavy elements like Uranium, lead etc. that we find on the earth today - in fact ALL the elements heavier than iron-56 were produced in this manner.
So to get alpha decay you have to have a radioactive element that was produced in the heart of a particular type of dying star. In terms of the total mass of the universe the about which exists in such a rare and hard to produce form is minuscule. Hence, although alpha decay is common on the Earth is is incredible rare in the Universe. -
Re:passwords
Of course, it's not just root that gets bruteforced. Quietly search this for your "unguessable" password. Anyone using "3tm31ns1de" ? http://andrew.triumf.ca/ssh_pass_file2.html
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Drop-in replacement for MS Exchange
Can you give examples of good Exchange replacements?
Yes, for that see DVL. Seriously, though you have to define what activities you need to do before you can ask for a replacement. MS Exchange is marketed in many niches and fails (on the surface) in most. The most spectacular is its failure as a mail server replacement, if you look at it as such. If you look at the wonderful cover of plausible deniability it gives executives by randomly losing and delaying mail, then that is a success.
Anyway, try looking these. Keep in mind that, unlike with M$ products, you can combine pieces of several packages.
- Kolab — http://www.kolab.org/
- Citadel — http://www.citadel.org/
- Dingo Calendar Server — http://andrew.triumf.ca/dingo/
- Darwin CalendarServer — http://trac.calendarserver.org/
- Bedework — http://www.bedework.org/
- Zimbra — http://www.zimbra.com/
- OpenGroupware — http://www.opengroupware.org/
If you are simply looking to improve reliability of e-mail they a plain Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) will do. Before it became too embarrassing for M$, it used to be recommended practice to put one of these in front of MS Exchange to improve reliability and security. Also look up ClamAV, Spamassassin and how to do greylisting.
- simta — http://rsug.itd.umich.edu/software/simta/
- Dovecot — http://www.dovecot.org/
- Postfix — http://www.postfix.org/
- Exim — http://www.exim.org/
- Sendmail — http://www.sendmail.org/
- qmail — http://www.qmail.org/
However, before you can think about "replacing" MS Exchange, you will have to get rid of the staff that selected and deployed it in the first place. They ignored all the licensing shortcomings, the bad reviews, high price and ongoing technical failure to instead push ideology over technology. People making decisions based on ideology are not going to accept any technical or economic arguments...
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Drop-in replacement for MS Exchange
Can you give examples of good Exchange replacements?
Yes, for that see DVL. Seriously, though you have to define what activities you need to do before you can ask for a replacement. MS Exchange is marketed in many niches and fails (on the surface) in most. The most spectacular is its failure as a mail server replacement, if you look at it as such. If you look at the wonderful cover of plausible deniability it gives executives by randomly losing and delaying mail, then that is a success.
Anyway, try looking these. Keep in mind that, unlike with M$ products, you can combine pieces of several packages.
- Kolab — http://www.kolab.org/
- Citadel — http://www.citadel.org/
- Dingo Calendar Server — http://andrew.triumf.ca/dingo/
- Darwin CalendarServer — http://trac.calendarserver.org/
- Bedework — http://www.bedework.org/
- Zimbra — http://www.zimbra.com/
- OpenGroupware — http://www.opengroupware.org/
If you are simply looking to improve reliability of e-mail they a plain Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) will do. Before it became too embarrassing for M$, it used to be recommended practice to put one of these in front of MS Exchange to improve reliability and security. Also look up ClamAV, Spamassassin and how to do greylisting.
- simta — http://rsug.itd.umich.edu/software/simta/
- Dovecot — http://www.dovecot.org/
- Postfix — http://www.postfix.org/
- Exim — http://www.exim.org/
- Sendmail — http://www.sendmail.org/
- qmail — http://www.qmail.org/
However, before you can think about "replacing" MS Exchange, you will have to get rid of the staff that selected and deployed it in the first place. They ignored all the licensing shortcomings, the bad reviews, high price and ongoing technical failure to instead push ideology over technology. People making decisions based on ideology are not going to accept any technical or economic arguments...
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In other news
Bush's search for WMDs in Iraq was actually a cover story for the real search: Where's Waldo?
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Re:A hugely important concept...
I'll say.
In case you missed, I'll say it again.
There are several programs out there, most are freeware, a few are open source, but the one that sticks out in my mind and easily the best and most powerful of the bunch is FractINT. For the past fifteen years I've been playing with this gem, and I'm still finding new stuff I can do on it. Some of it isn't even covered in the 580-page manual. -
I'd go see the Atlas detector..
Standard slashdot response - no one follows the link,
which shows that it's a large open house event with many activities.
Anyhoo, the Atlas detector looked very cool in a magazine I read recently (National Geographic?).
Personally I'd also try to see one of the pulse power supplies that drives the LHC injector kicker magnets, because my father's team designed them.
http://www.triumf.ca/publications/pub/arch05/pp-05-19.pdf
Yes you can tell I'm proud of him! -
Not really that new
The TRIUMF particle accelerator in Vancouver did work on this in the mid 90's. From what I can remember of their (fantastically interesting) public tour, their work was a significant and marked success. Some information on this can be found here:
http://www.triumf.ca/welcome/proton_thrpy.html
A similar technique was tried in the 1980's:
http://www.triumf.ca/welcome/pion_thrpy.html -
Not really that new
The TRIUMF particle accelerator in Vancouver did work on this in the mid 90's. From what I can remember of their (fantastically interesting) public tour, their work was a significant and marked success. Some information on this can be found here:
http://www.triumf.ca/welcome/proton_thrpy.html
A similar technique was tried in the 1980's:
http://www.triumf.ca/welcome/pion_thrpy.html -
Colossal cave, not Zork
Putting Zork on that list instead of the Colossal Cave is an ridiculous and myopic
mistake which I presume is due to the fact that the guys making the list did not play
games 25 years ago. Colossal Cave is not merely the antecedent of Zork, but it was
a neat game in it's time and it had a great history.
It was based on a real cave ( http://www.colossalcave.com/ ) and it was ported to
many (now obsolete) different computers using several different languages, picking up different variations and endings along the way. Tis history page is a really good read: http://www.rickadams.org/adventure/a_history.html I think knowledge of this game is a prerequisit for being a full-strength gamer, and perhaps good knowledge for anybody who claims to be "up" on computer science.
You can even play it in the web using this link http://sundae.triumf.ca/pub2/cave/node001.html -
Re:round round baby?
Hmmmmm
To the best of my knowledge storing data as spin, therefore creating transistors the size of atoms* will, at the very least, bypass the limitations of the current transistors measured in nanometers. A Nanometer is 10 to the -9th power of a meter**. An atom is approximately 10 to the -11th power of a meter***. Therefore this technology, when fully functional would theoretically allow two orders of magnitude greater number of transistors per area of measurement.
So if a Pentium IV has approximately 42million transistors**** it could (in theory) contain 42,000,000 to the 2nd power more transistors.
Accept the increase is far greater than this because the P IV die process is 0.18 microns which is 180 nanometers (if I'm correct). So the actual increase in available transistors per area of measurement would be more on the order of 42,000,000 to the 5th power: 5,489,031,744,000,000 transistors (well atoms).
Now add to that the current problems with heat. I would expect (although I most definitely do not remember/know the laws of thermodynamics well enough to do more than vague speculation) that the amount of heat created by such a quantum system would be impressively small compared to the current system... although I would conjecture there are limitations to speed when measuring and changing spin... this would hugely increase the ability to clock the processor higher (an over abundance of heat is the primary limiting factor in clocking the processor system higher).
Wow, so now I am looking forward to having my conjecture ripped to pieces by those who actually know :D.
I hope that's at least a little helpful
*(although I think of spin being associated with quarks, a much smaller, sub-atomic particle... obviously a hole in my knowledge)
**Nanometer: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gc i514407,00.html
***Atom, Size of: http://trshare.triumf.ca/~safety/EHS/rpt/rpt_1/nod e7.html
**** http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:foWPHOKFqoMJ:w ww.soc.staffs.ac.uk/mss1/hsn/hsn-lect9.ppt+transis tors+in+a+Pentium+IV&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=2&clie nt=firefox-a -
Pions for cancer therapy
When I said cancer therapy I was thinking more along other known therapies such as Pion therapy, more novel but effective in treating tumor cells just as well. See here for Pion therapy: http://www.triumf.ca/welcome/pion_trtmt.html See here how to create Pion's using electron bombardment: http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v102/i5/p1392_1
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Hell, my 486 did this...
...except it did it across any nearby FM radio. After a little training I could tell the difference, by ear, between an idle loop, high-memory access, general processing, and the periodic comport interrupt servicing that accompanied modem transfers. Handy for telling when the machine was just busy, or had locked up.
It came in strong enough to slightly distort the station the radio was tuned to, so if I had a long download to run, I'd turn off the monitor, kick back in the recliner, and relax to some music until the sound changed. Ditto with long Fractint runs.
Point being, it's a thoroughly useful way to monitor the behavior of even modern computers. As for analyzing the data from a radio telescope, maybe not so much, but humans are appallingly good at spotting patterns in data that computers would call noise. Can't hurt to try. -
great result, but not really a "discovery"
First of all, humans "discovered" fusion in 1953 with the first fusion bomb, or "hydrogen" bomb. What this speaks of is controlled fusion.
Secondly, this isn't fusion on even a battery scale; this is a few thousand atoms per second or so. So unfortunately, it's not a matter of scaling up to produce a reactor. The amount of energy being put into the system dwarfs by thousands of times the energy from fusion being put out.
Third, this isn't even the discovery of table-top laboratory scale fusion. As an undergraduate, I worked on a muon catalyzed fusion experiment at TRIUMF in Vancouver. By the time I was working on the experiment in 1994, the fusion reaction in the experiment was so well understood that it was being used to analyze other properties of solidified Hydrogen.
And I'm afraid it's a little bit of a dodge to say it's "at room temperature". The article doesn't say this, but presumably this takes place in a vaccum, where temperature is basically undefined in any conventional sense.
So a very nifty result, but not a discovery, I'm afraid. It will very likely be useful to study the fusion process, or perhaps other things as well.
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Re:Easy answer
I think you are just speculating. We don't know what would be the flux or the energy (MeV) of these gamma rays, because we are talking of an event that could happen sometimes in the future. Depending on the flux/concentration of the rays, a living at a certain depth under the water might save you.
With regards to the event the article speculates about, we can not be certain ALL acquatic life was wiped out. It is true that the great majority of life is to be found in the shallow layers of water, but SOME species live much deeper. Case in point are the anaerobic bacteria living near H2S "springs" in the deepest parts of ocean beds. These microbes, btw. are considered to be the oldest species in existence. They might have even survived the runaway ice age considered to have kiled off... ok, I am going offtopic. Point is, we don't know anything with certainty about surviving a gamma burst situation. The only thing that we know FOR SURE, and I would be really surprised if you disagreed with me on this, is that we would have a greater likelyhood of surviving if we were in the undergrounds under a 100 story skyscraper. I calculate that, in such a case, we would find about 20-30 m of concrete and iron over our head, which is roughly equivalent to 500-1000 m of water, as for gamma ray shielding. Please this graph for reference.
As for the earth not being a healthy place: you might not like it, but humans are the worst (or best?) kind of rats when it comes to surviving. No wonder we pollute this planet like there's no tomorrow, when we know that we will survive even if we will have to resort to bio-engineered crops, special acquafarms, greenhouses etc. Sure, many will die off, and probably almost all species, but humanity as a whole will go on, albeit a bit "diminished".
Anyway, you may find out that we agree more than it would seem. -
Re:Wow!
try doing some nice deep-zoom fractals like these with xoas in realtime
http://spanky.triumf.ca/www/fractint/dz.html -
Fractint LinkIncidentally, the Fractint software is available here and is entirely free including source code. Both beer and speech freedom.
^_^ That program was a massive source of entertainment to me as a child.
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Re:Out of the loopGiven that ham radio predates computer hacking by half a century, I'd say the split has always existed. Commonalities in the two cultures have drawn it together in some ways, but they never merged.
My grandfather was "radio hacking" in the 1920s. He told a funny story where he "accidentally" took out a commercial transmission while playing with some homemade hardware as a teen. Sounds a little like website defacing to me, but 80 years before the computer kids were doing it. His hobby grew to the point where he was hired as the communications engineer for a huge mining and resources company that had to manage communication lines right into the Arctic. By 1937 he had developed a portable voice radio that could be carried and used in bush camps by operators who didn't know morse code - arguably the first walkie-talkie. Sounds a little like the early PCs to me, but 40 years before the computer kids were doing it. His employer donated his services to the war effort in 1939, and he modified the walkie talkie into a military tool that filtered out battle noises and had signal scrambling to prevent eavesdropping. Sounds like error correcting, encrypted communications to me, but 50 years before the computer kids were doing it.
So yeah, there are similarities, but the hams were there way before we were. Most of the hams who pioneered the field are now dead and gone, whereas most of the computer pioneers are alive and well, and still debating who gets credit for what. The links between the fields that are obvious now only came about after many decades of convergence.
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Re:Emulators aren't all they're cracked up to be..
I run dosemu just to run Fractint. The original from Stone Soup is still by far the best. At version 20.0, not a typo.
Fractint at UBCUser hostile though
... just how I like it ;).
PenGun
Do What Now ???
... Standards and Practices ! -
Medical (Peaceful) Uses of Positron
For a balanced view, it is important to realize that anti-matter physics have yielded substantial medical and non-military benefits already. Many people probably already encountered various applications of this technology without realizing it.
For example, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a very useful clinical and medical research tool for brain and cardiac functional imaging. See: Positron Emission Tomography
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Re:*sigh*
Ever heard of muon catalysed fusion?
They've actually got it working. They just can't get breakeven yet. -
Re:Remember...Most people still aren't aware that the most destructive carcinogen, (the object that causes the most cancers in the USA) is our good old friend the sun.
Huh. last I heard, the cigarette was far more lethal a cause of cancer than the Sun.
*Interesting side note: During WW I women were hired to paint the controlls on the inside of fighter planes. The paint was composed of radium, so that pilots could see the controlls in the dark. The women would like their brushes between painting jobs to keep the tip fine enough for the small writing. When the women died, they had to be buried in lead lined coffins. *
This last part sounds like an urban myth. The radium painters indeed suffered (and the worst cases experienced extremely high rates of bone cancer (20 cases of bone cancer out of the 44 worst exposure cases). This doesn't describe the full story. There apparently were other nasty illnesses they could fall prey to. But they were ingesting paints with high concentrations of radium. Someone handling the unshielded coffin of such a victim wouldn't receive significant dosage (IMHO of course), and I don't see any other obvious benefit to a lead-lined coffin. After all, six feet or so of earth is a very effective shield.
I wouldn't be surprised to find that several of these poor women were buried in lead-lined coffins (perhaps out of ignorance or for propaganda purposes), but you don't need to bury them that way.
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How Do You Eat Hydrogen?
Or phosphor coat it for that matter? Tritium is a Hydrogen isotope.
I suspect you are thinking of Radium. -
Re:Soaking up the gamma
You said: " Wait a second! she is showing readings of less than 1 mR/hour. Power plant workers can work in 1 mR/hour for the entire year and not exceed NRC's strict 2 R/year limit. In otherwords, this is nothing. Parent poster doesn't know what he is talking about."
The NRC limit (see 10 C.F.R.) is 3 rem per quarter, and 5 rem per year. A rem is a weighted roetgen (R). The weighting factors are used because while a roetgen measures the energy deposited, a rem measures the physical damage (exposure versus dose). An example of a weighting factor is a gamma will have a factor of 1, while a fast neutron may have a factor of 20. So a 1 mR/hr exposure rate will give you 1 mrem/hr for gammas, and 20 mrem/hr for fast neutrons. -
Release Timescale
Prediction showing the irony of the Half-Life 2 project cycle.
This graph shows the number of lines of code left in development for half-life 2 and gives you an indication of how long it will until it is actually release...
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That doesn't rule out coma, does it?A brain-dead entity on life support is still "alive", though arguably less useful than a fully functioning carbon-based unit. So it may be with the internet when, as other posters have so elequently pointed out, access to the net itself has been consolidated into the hands of a very few media giants.
Imagine that Earthlink, AOL and MSN are the only ISPs available to you. They block port 25 to force you to use their SMTP servers. (so much for that domain name you bought... random.coolzip@policestreet.com is useless now) They transproxy ports 80 and 443, so they can record all your web surfing and "share" the information with their "marketing partners". (Funny, though... goatse.cx won't load anymore, and neither will nra.org) Port 22 is blocked to "prevent hackers breaking into vulnerable machines with a SSH exploit". 23 blocked because telnet is insecure. Your TOS requires you to keep 137-139 open (and to run a machine to which those ports are meaningful) to monitor the quality of service. Oh, and everything above 1024 is blocked because there are no legitimate services running on those ports.
Beginning to get the (rather bleak) picture? It may sound corny, but maintaining the World of Ends we've come to know and love does not advance the cause of controlling the general populace. The Prime Directive Of Business is to Make Money. Individuals matter only insofar as they can be persuaded to spend. Big Business wants the net to be Television II: a model they understand and can exploit as an advertising medium to promote the consumerist culture. Geeks want everything to be free, and unlike Big Business, are willing to contribute to the effort without necessarily turning a monetary profit. ("Don't want money... Want admiration") Reality, as usual, lies somewhere in the middle... but not exactly centered.
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Re:Real world? fractals
The first thing I thought when I saw this article was, "sounds like this guy has discovered fractals". What he's describing would appear (from the limited information provided) to be a fractal equation. It will be interesting to see how easily it is incorporated into Fractint. Fractint currently has about 70 or so different types of fractals that you can tweak, play with, and zoom into to your heart's content.
There is a lot of cool art on the fractint homepage as well as come descriptive information about fractint and the history of the program, which is currently on version 20.0. I've been playing with the program off and on for about 8 years I guess, and think it is the best fractal generator out there.
For those of you not running DOS, try XFractint. The program has a funky install (imo) but works.
What appears to be 'news' about the discovery mentioned above is that the equation is supposed to generate pictures related to 'natural' shapes. I don't really see it so much as being news, as many have noticed that most natural objects have a fractal dimension to them. Trees are the most obvious example. One of the fractals that Fractint will generate is a cool picture of a fern leaf. If you choose type=ifs, and fern for the IFS subtype, you should be able to display it.
Someday, someone is going to find the correct fractal equation for the universe itself. It will probably be about 50 or so characters long. The physicists(sp?) of the world will look at that, then at the huge volumes they use to attempt to describe quantum mechanics, and say "Doh!"
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Re:other patterns in prime numbers
I'd be interested in knowing if anyone has attempted to plot this as a fractal?
BTW: there is a linux version of Fractint available. WooHoo!
I remember waiting over 60 hours for a single screen to draw on some of the deep zooms of the Mandlebrot set when I was running a SOTA 33 Mhz 386. Timothy Leary would not have survived the 60s if he'd had a copy of Fractint and something to run it on at the time
:-) -
Re:Could someone explain?
Of course we must keep in mind that heavy water is full of tritium which is the trigger which sets off the hydrogen (fusion NOT fission) H-bomb. The important thing to remember that tritium is lighter than iron, otherwise it wouldn't work in an H-bomb. Any element heavier than iron can not be used to make an H-bomb.
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Re:Could someone explain?
You are missing part of the point. Heavy water is full of tritium which is the trigger which with the addition of deuterium sets off the hydrogen (fusion NOT fission) H-bomb. You see, when the tritium and deuterium combine, the resulting element is lighter than their original sums. This difference in mass is released as energy in an H-bomb. Like magic, the mass does not disappear but is turned into energy. Naturally, an H-bomb is far more serious to deal with than a simple fission bomb. Of course I wouldn't want to confront either one up close.
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Re:Movie Based on This
It is very good film. It shows how they sunk the barges full of heavy water. A good thing too, because heavy water is full of tritium which is the trigger
which sets off the hydrogen (fusion NOT fission) H-bomb, way more powerful than a simple fission bomb. -
Re:Could someone explain?
Heavy water is full of tritium which is the trigger
which sets off the hydrogen (fusion NOT fission) H-bomb. -
Re:Could someone explain?
Heavy water is full of tritium which is the trigger
which sets off the hydrogen (fusion NOT fission) bomb. -
Re:life sciences vs. physicsYour post was going so well... but then you had to bring up cold fusion. If it has been replicated, can you give references? And not just a google search, but preferably point to a properly peer-reviewed journal article.
Actually there is a genuine 'cold fussion' effect, just not the bogus Fleicheman and Pons variety.
If you take a muon and put it in orbit arround a tritium atom in place of the electron it is much heavier and thus orbits much closer... Ahh just read the article...
The real outrage that Fleiechman and Pons did was to discredit a whole line of research with their actions. There is no reason why cold fusion should be rejected as impossible just because the field has attracted cranks. Before Harrison the search for longitude was the domain of cranks and lunatics.
BTW the big problem with muon catalysed fusion is that creating muons is an energy intensive process and the muons decay rapidly so getting one to decay is hard. However one could imagine using a muon catalysed reaction as the ignition chain for a self-sustaining reaction.
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Re:My uncle... [I CALL BS!]
The Canadian Atomic Energy Control board lists it's exposure schedule here.
I remember reading something years ago about 600 Rems a year being the safe limit for an individual but this shows it to be considerably lower.
I wonder how much radiation those little radium watch dials gave off :) -
It happened to a friend of mine
A friend of mine had a summer job at Triumpf a number of years ago. Triumf is a particle and nuclear physics lab. One day he took the morning off to get some medical tests done where they injected him full of tracer isotopes. We he tried to go back to work in the afternoon he set off half the radiation alarms in the place just by walking through the front door.
They gave him the rest of the day off. -
For you Western Canadians and North West US People
IF you're pretty close to Vancouver, it's well worth it to check out TRIUMF, Canada's largest cyclotron. It's a very impressive facility, well worth the drive.
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Re:I don't like it as much as mallcore
I remember Fractint having a few fractal based songs. My favorite "math" music though has to be Aphex Twin! .
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Re:Breader reactorsWell, you offered... so I guess I will correct you.
:D
American-style nuclear reactors use a process called the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). This reactor uses pressurized water as the modulator and coolant. The water flows over the reactor core, heating up from the reaction in the fuel. The heat in this water is transfered (through a transfer chamber) to uncontaminated water, which boils and goes through a turbine. In fact, the non-nuclear side of the reactor (turbine hall, etc.) is not unlike that of a coal/oil/gas plant. One disadvantage of this setup, however, is that to keep the reaction going using standard water as the modulator, the uranium has to be enriched. (Which is expensive, and causes security concerns - as enriched uranium could be used for several other things).
CANDU technically stands for "Canada Deuterium Uranium". The CANDU reactor varies from its American counterpart by using non-enriched uranium. It makes up for the lack of reactivity by using deuterium ("Heavy Water") as its modulator and coolant. Being heavy, heavy water acts as a better modulator and can keep the reaction going with the lower grade of uranium.
There are really two disadvantages of the CANDU design over the PWR. First, PWR reactors can simply reach higher power levels than the CANDU. For example, the Bruce Nuclear Power facility runs 4 CANDU reactors. They have turbines rated to 1000MW, but can only output about 850MW. A PWR could go up to the full 1000MW. Additionally, heavy water has issues of its own. It is pretty expensive to create (although, through processes that occured in the 1970s, Canada is sitting on more heavy water than it knows what to do with.) On a day to day level, the iradiation of deterium produces a considerable amount of a 3rd isotope of water, tritium. Unlike light and heavy water, tritium is radioactive. As tritium is a beta emitter, contamination cannot be detected with the standard gamma portals at nuclear power sites - urine tests are a nessessity. Thankfully, processes exist to strip used heavy water of the tritium, so that it can be used again.
Now, the CANDU has several advantages as well. The first major one is the use of non-enriched fuel. This adverts much of the risk of dealing with weapons grade uranium fuel. Additionally, it helps keep the costs down.
Another neat aspect of the CANDU design is that it can be refuelled at full power. PWR reactors require at least a partial shutdown of a unit to refuel.
So, that's a basic overview of the CANDU design. A side note is that AECL (Atomic Energy of Canada Limited), the creators of the CANDU, are recently soliciting a new design, called the ACR-700 ("Advanced CANDU Reactor"). Unlike the previous design, it does use light water as the coolant. However, it retains the use of heavy water as the modulator.
Finally, to touch on two points in the above message (and my references will support this)...
The CANDU reactor is NOT a breader/fast reactor.
The CANDU reactor does NOT consume its own plutonium
It is simply a different type of reactor for electricity generation.
References:
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited - Creators of the CANDU reactor design. Corperate homepage.
British Energy - Fact File on Reactor Types
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited - Press release regarding commissioning of new CANDU reactor in China (August 13, 2002)
Bruce Nuclear Power Facility - Tiverton, Ontario.
-legolas. -
Re:Just what science didn't need...
"The best-known example of this phenomenon was the cold-fusion debacle of the late '80s. A group of researchers claimed (essentially) to have initiated nuclear fusion in a beaker using heavy water and palladium electrodes. No-one else was able to reproduce the experimental results."
Depends who you listen to and which variant of the multitude of processes was used at the time, there were questions raised over the duplicate experiments produced at the time because of the hot fusion guy's grants and a steady erosion in the face of authority...mainly from physicists asking what the hell chemists knew about fusion.
Funny thing is that no lessons have really been learned from the wholesale debunking and smear campaign that took place against Pons and Fleichsmann, but it has thrown up some small oddities like Muon Catalysed Fusion.
Unfortunately a lot of prescient science gets lost in a vaguely dogmatic approach to things like the laws of thermodynamics stating that things are 'impossible'...given that we overturned Newtonian physics (to a larger extent) during the start of the century, it's possible that we may have some equally interesting times ahead in both the extremely small and extremely large scales.
I think in future anything that requires funding should be given a thorough once over, whether it involves 'conventional' science or not. After all, I'm willing to bet the fairly small number of Tokamaks and Z-pinch toroids has swallowed more money for less information than a hundred kooky propulsion ideas.
Draconis (only anonymous because he can't be arsed with an account) -
Re:Potato Soup
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Re:Here's why its Linux, and not GNU/Linux
I pronouce linux the same way Linus does. See here: http://andrew.triumf.ca/pub/linux/english.au
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Re:Degaussing gun...don't do this to a monitor you wanna use.
Around TRIUMF, where I work, we have a lot of monitors get "gaussed" by the cyclotron's magnetic field. Most monitors around there have some pretty rainbow effects. Turns out that the degauss button available on the newer ones works pretty well to fix them.
I'd still suggest not doing this deliberately, but if it happens there's at least hope of recovery.
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Re:Ok...
How, exactly, do you store a neutral molecule of antimatter?
Here's a way from Triumph. Use light pressure from lasers tuned to the type of atom to be stored. -
okay it's called a PET scanI shoulda looked this up before posting. A PET scan uses positrons, which are a by-product of radioactive decay. I didn't know positrons were so easy to come by.
Now I'm wondering if there's anti-matter in between my sofa cushions.
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Another good linkis here at the Toronto Star. It's a bit older, but hey, it's got more background information about the facility.
I can't believe that the 3D View of the Experimental Hall (which I worked two weeks on as a summer student) is actually posted on Slashdot! Fame and fortune, here I come! -
Re:Physics Analysis Workstation.I've used PAW quite a bit for my work. It's quite effective at stuff, but the documentation is abyssmal. I found it really really painful to learn, and as a result I didn't get very far into it.
Something almost as hard to learn but somewhat easier to actually use is Physica, developed at TRIUMF. It's the main program I used to do my M.Sc. analysis work.
:)For data aquisition (and generally running an experiment), I strongly suggest looking into MIDAS. It's really powerful, and has a web interface (with optional password protection), electronic log book, etc, which is really helpful for experimenters to keep tabs on things from home. Especially when "home" is in another city (or even country).
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Re:Physics Analysis Workstation.I've used PAW quite a bit for my work. It's quite effective at stuff, but the documentation is abyssmal. I found it really really painful to learn, and as a result I didn't get very far into it.
Something almost as hard to learn but somewhat easier to actually use is Physica, developed at TRIUMF. It's the main program I used to do my M.Sc. analysis work.
:)For data aquisition (and generally running an experiment), I strongly suggest looking into MIDAS. It's really powerful, and has a web interface (with optional password protection), electronic log book, etc, which is really helpful for experimenters to keep tabs on things from home. Especially when "home" is in another city (or even country).
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FRACTINT said it bestFrom the FRACTINT docs:
Contribution policy:
Don't want money.
Got money.
Want admiration.